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Zisser L, Binder CJ. Extracellular Vesicles as Mediators in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. J Lipid Atheroscler 2024; 13:232-261. [PMID: 39355407 PMCID: PMC11439751 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2024.13.3.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial intima, characterized by accumulation of lipoproteins and accompanying inflammation, leading to the formation of plaques that eventually trigger occlusive thrombotic events, such as myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Although many aspects of plaque development have been elucidated, the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are lipid bilayer-delimited vesicles released by cells as mediators of intercellular communication, has only recently come into focus of atherosclerosis research. EVs comprise several subtypes that may be differentiated by their size, mode of biogenesis, or surface marker expression and cargo. The functional effects of EVs in atherosclerosis depend on their cellular origin and the specific pathophysiological context. EVs have been suggested to play a role in all stages of plaque formation. In this review, we highlight the known mechanisms by which EVs modulate atherogenesis and outline current limitations and challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Zisser
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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2
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Novinbahador T, Abroon S, Motlagh K, Abbasi K, Mehdizadeh A, Nejabati HR, Yousefi M. Surface markers on microparticles involved in obesity-derived diseases. Life Sci 2024; 352:122876. [PMID: 38942357 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This review aimed to investigate the different types of microparticles playing role in obesity-related diseases. Additionally, the factors participating in changing the microparticles amount in obese people will also be discussed. MATERIAL & METHODS The authors collected the relevant articles published until 2023 and these are carefully selected from three scientific databases based on keywords. KEY FINDINGS It has been revealed that exercise might change the microparticle content in the body. The other factor which participates in obesity process is the oxidative stress which is increased in microparticles. Moreover, the obesity is implicated in metabolic conditions including diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. SIGNIFICANCE More than one-third of people on the planet today are known as overweight individuals. Microparticles (MPs) are small membrane-bound vesicles that are found in healthy people's blood and are elevated in patients with pathological conditions such as obesity. MPs mostly come from platelets, leukocytes, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. Considering the effect of obesity on microparticles, these small membrane-bound vesicles might play a crucial role in preventing or treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tannaz Novinbahador
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Naturexoal Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sina Abroon
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Naturexoal Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kimia Motlagh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Abbasi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Nejabati
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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3
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Hou Y, Tang Y, Cai S. Advances in the study of microparticles in diabetic retinopathy. Postgrad Med J 2024; 100:626-634. [PMID: 38572927 DOI: 10.1093/postmj/qgae046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the common diabetic microangiopathies, which severely impairs vision in diabetic population. The underlying mechanisms regarding the development of DR are not fully understood, and there is a lack of biomarkers to guide clinical, assessment of disease progression. Recently researchers have found that microparticles (MP) and its bioactive molecules are involved in the development of DR. MP is widely distributed in the circulation and can exert autocrine and paracrine benefits in intercellular signalling, provide a catalytic platform for the thrombospondin complex to promote coagulation, and promote the accumulation of reactive oxygen species to cause endothelial damage. MP interacts with advanced glycosylation end products (AGE) and AGE receptor (RAGE) to activate inflammatory pathways. MP carries a variety of miRNAs that regulate the vascular endothelial growth factor generation pathway. MP has also been applied to the exploration of mesenchymal stromal cell replacement therapy to treat DR. In a word, MP provides new ideas for the study of DR. MP has emerged as a marker to assess the progression of DR. As a potential therapeutic target, MP also has considerable research value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
- Guizhou Eye Hospital, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
- Guizhou Eye Hospital, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Shanjun Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
- Guizhou Eye Hospital, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
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Garrett NR, Pink RC, Lawson C. Contribution of Extracellular Particles Isolated from Morus sp. (Mulberry) Fruit to Their Reported Protective Health Benefits: An In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6177. [PMID: 38892365 PMCID: PMC11173249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Morus sp. (mulberry) has a long tradition of use as a medicinal treatment, including for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, being shown to have antioxidant properties and to promote wound healing. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are sub-micron, membrane-enclosed particles that were first identified in mammalian bodily fluids. EV-like particles have been described in plants (PDVs) and shown to have similar characteristics to mammalian EVs. We hypothesised that some of the health benefits previously attributed to the fruit of Morus sp. could be due to the release of PDVs. We isolated PDVs from Morus nigra and Morus alba via ultracentrifugation and incubated THP-1 monocytes, differentiated THP-1 macrophages, or HMEC-1 endothelial cells with pro-oxidant compounds DMNQ (THP-1) and glucose oxidase (HMEC-1) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence of different fractions of mulberry EVs. Mulberry EVs augmented ROS production with DMNQ in THP-1 and caused the downregulation of ROS in HMEC-1. Mulberry EVs increased LPS-induced IL-1β secretion but reduced CCL2 and TGF-β secretion in THP-1 macrophages. In scratch wound assays, mulberry EVs inhibited HMEC-1 migration but increased proliferation in both low and high serum conditions, suggesting that they have opposing effects in these two important aspects of wound healing. One of the limitations of plant-derived therapeutics has been overcoming the low bioavailability of isolated compounds. We propose that PDVs could provide the link between physiological dose and therapeutic benefit by protecting plant active compounds in the GIT as well as potentially delivering genetic material or proteins that contribute to previously observed health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neve R. Garrett
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK;
| | - Ryan C. Pink
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK;
| | - Charlotte Lawson
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK;
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
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Kovácsházi C, Hambalkó S, Sayour NV, Gergely TG, Brenner GB, Pelyhe C, Kapui D, Weber BY, Hültenschmidt AL, Pállinger É, Buzás EI, Zolcsák Á, Kiss B, Bozó T, Csányi C, Kósa N, Kellermayer M, Farkas R, Karvaly GB, Wynne K, Matallanas D, Ferdinandy P, Giricz Z. Effect of hypercholesterolemia on circulating and cardiomyocyte-derived extracellular vesicles. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12016. [PMID: 38797778 PMCID: PMC11128454 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62689-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia (HC) induces, propagates and exacerbates cardiovascular diseases via various mechanisms that are yet not properly understood. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in the pathomechanism of these diseases. To understand how circulating or cardiac-derived EVs could affect myocardial functions, we analyzed the metabolomic profile of circulating EVs, and we performed an in-depth analysis of cardiomyocyte (CM)-derived EVs in HC. Circulating EVs were isolated with Vezics technology from male Wistar rats fed with high-cholesterol or control chow. AC16 human CMs were treated with Remembrane HC supplement and EVs were isolated from cell culture supernatant. The biophysical properties and the protein composition of CM EVs were analyzed. THP1-ASC-GFP cells were treated with CM EVs, and monocyte activation was measured. HC diet reduced the amount of certain phosphatidylcholines in circulating EVs, independently of their plasma level. HC treatment significantly increased EV secretion of CMs and greatly modified CM EV proteome, enriching several proteins involved in tissue remodeling. Regardless of the treatment, CM EVs did not induce the activation of THP1 monocytes. In conclusion, HC strongly affects the metabolome of circulating EVs and dysregulates CM EVs, which might contribute to HC-induced cardiac derangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csenger Kovácsházi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Hambalkó
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nabil V Sayour
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás G Gergely
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor B Brenner
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla Pelyhe
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Kapui
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bennet Y Weber
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Éva Pállinger
- Institute of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit I Buzás
- Institute of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-SE Translational Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Zolcsák
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Kiss
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HUNREN-SE Biophysical Virology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Bozó
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla Csányi
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Kósa
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Kellermayer
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HUNREN-SE Biophysical Virology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Farkas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Separation Technology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gellért B Karvaly
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Separation Technology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kieran Wynne
- Systems Biology Ireland and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David Matallanas
- Systems Biology Ireland and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Giricz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary.
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Garcia VP, Fandl HK, Hijmans JG, Berry AR, Cardenas HL, Stockelman KA, DeSouza NM, Treuth JW, Greiner JJ, Park AJ, Stauffer BL, DeSouza CA. Effects of circulating endothelial microvesicles isolated from adults with obesity on endothelial cell inflammation, apoptosis, and nitric oxide production. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E38-E49. [PMID: 37991453 PMCID: PMC11193534 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00139.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Circulating endothelial cell-derived microvesicles (EMVs) have been shown to be elevated with obesity and associated with endothelial dysfunction; however, their direct effect on endothelial cells is unknown. The experimental aim of this study was to determine the effect of EMVs isolated from adults with obesity on endothelial cell inflammation, apoptosis, and nitric oxide (NO) production. EMVs (CD144+ microvesicles) were identified, enumerated, and isolated from plasma by flow cytometry from 24 sedentary adults: 12 normal-weight adults [8 M/4 F; age: 55 ± 6 yr; body mass index (BMI): 24.3 ± 0.7 kg/m2; EMV: 144 ± 53 EMVs/µL] and 12 adults with obesity (6 M/6 F; 59 ± 7 yr; BMI: 31.0 ± 1.1 kg/m2; EMV: 245 ± 89 EMVs/µL). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured and treated with EMVs from either normal-weight adults or adults with obesity. EMVs from obese adults induced significantly higher release of interleukin (IL)-6 (108.2 ± 7.7 vs. 90.9 ± 10.0 pg/mL) and IL-8 (75.4 ± 9.8 vs. 59.5 ± 11.5 pg/mL) from endothelial cells vs. EMVs from normal-weight adults, concordant with greater intracellular expression of phosphorylated NF-κB p65 (Ser536; active NF-κB) [145.0 ± 34.1 vs. 114.5 ± 30.4 arbitrary units (AU)]. Expression of phosphorylated p38-MAPK (15.4 ± 5.7 vs. 9.2 ± 2.5 AU) and active caspase-3 (168.2 ± 65.5 vs. 107.8 ± 40.5 AU), markers of cell apoptosis, was higher in cells treated with obesity-related EMVs. Phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) (Ser1177) expression (23.5 ± 7.2 vs. 34.7 ± 9.7 AU) and NO production (6.9 ± 1.4 vs. 8.7 ± 0.7 µmol/L) were significantly lower in the cells treated with EMVs from obese adults. These data indicate that circulating EMVs from adults with obesity promote a proinflammatory, proapoptotic, and NO-compromised endothelial phenotype. Circulating EMVs are a potential mediator of obesity-related endothelial dysfunction.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In the present study, we determined the effect of circulating endothelial cell-derived microvesicles (EMVs) isolated from adults with obesity on endothelial cell inflammation, apoptosis, and nitric oxide (NO) production in vitro. Circulating EMVs harvested from adults with obesity promoted a proinflammatory, proapoptotic, and NO-compromised endothelial phenotype. Elevated circulating EMVs in adults with obesity, independent of other cardiometabolic risk factors, are a potential novel systemic mediator of obesity-related endothelial dysfunction and vascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius P Garcia
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Hannah K Fandl
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Jamie G Hijmans
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Auburn R Berry
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Hannah L Cardenas
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Kelly A Stockelman
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Noah M DeSouza
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - J William Treuth
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Jared J Greiner
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Andrew J Park
- Rocky Mountain Regional Spinal Injury System, Craig Hospital, Englewood, Colorado, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Brian L Stauffer
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, United States
- Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Christopher A DeSouza
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, United States
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7
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Rome S, Tacconi S. High-fat diets: You are what you eat….your extracellular vesicles too! J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12382. [PMID: 38151475 PMCID: PMC10752826 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent works indicate that the lipid composition of extracellular vesicles (EVs) can modify their biological functions and their incorporation into recipient cells. In particular high-fat diets affect EV biogenesis, EV lipid composition, EV targeting and consequently the cross-talk between tissues. This review connects different research topics to show that a vicious circle is established during the development of high-fat diet-induced obesity, connecting the alteration of lipid metabolism, the composition of extracellular vesicles and the spread of deleterious lipids between tissues, which participates in NAFLD/NASH and diabetes development. According to the studies described in this review, it is urgent to take an interest in this question as the modulation of EV lipid composition could be an important factor to take into account during the therapeutic management of patients suffering from metabolic syndrome and related pathologies such as obesity and diabetes. Furthermore, as lipid modification of EVs is a strategy currently being tested to enable better integration into their target tissue or cell, it is important to consider the impact of these lipid modifications on the homeostasis of these targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Rome
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM 1060‐INRAE 1397, Department of Human Nutrition, Lyon Sud HospitalUniversity of LyonLyonFrance
| | - Stefano Tacconi
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM 1060‐INRAE 1397, Department of Human Nutrition, Lyon Sud HospitalUniversity of LyonLyonFrance
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Brewster LM, Bain AR, Garcia VP, DeSouza NM, Tymko MM, Greiner JJ, Ainslie PN. Global REACH 2018: High Altitude-Related Circulating Extracellular Microvesicles Promote a Proinflammatory Endothelial Phenotype In Vitro. High Alt Med Biol 2023; 24:223-229. [PMID: 37504958 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2023.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brewster, L. Madden, Anthony R. Bain, Vinicius P. Garcia, Noah M. DeSouza, Michael M. Tymko, Jared J. Greiner, and Philip N. Ainslie. Global REACH 2018: high altitude-related circulating extracellular microvesicles promote a proinflammatory endothelial phenotype in vitro. High Alt Med Biol. 24:223-229, 2023. Introduction: Ascent to high altitude (HA) can induce vascular dysfunction by promoting a proinflammatory endothelial phenotype. Circulating microvesicles (MVs) can mediate the vascular endothelium and inflammation. It is unclear whether HA-related MVs are associated with endothelial inflammation. Objectives: We tested the hypothesis that MVs derived from ascent to HA induce a proinflammatory endothelial phenotype. Methods: Ten healthy adults (8 M/2 F; age: 28 ± 2 years) residing at sea level (SL) were studied before and 4-6 days after rapid ascent to HA (4,300 m). MVs were isolated and enumerated from plasma by centrifugation and flow cytometry. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated with MVs collected from each subject at SL (MV-SL) and at HA (MV-HA). Results: Circulating MV number significantly increased at HA (26,637 ± 3,315 vs. 19,388 ± 1,699). Although intracellular expression of total nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB; 83.4 ± 6.7 arbitrary units [AU] vs. 90.2 ± 6.9 AU) was not affected, MV-HA resulted in ∼55% higher (p < 0.05) active NF-κB (129.6 ± 19.8 AU vs. 90.7 ± 10.5 AU) expression compared with MV-SL. In addition, MV-HA induced higher interleukin (IL)-6 (63.9 ± 3.9 pg/ml vs. 53.3 ± 3.6 pg/ml) and IL-8 (140.2 ± 3.6 pg/ml vs. 120.7 ± 3.8 pg/ml) release compared with MV-SL, which was blunted with NF-κB blockade. Conclusions: Circulating extracellular MVs increase at HA and induce endothelial inflammation, potentially contributing to altitude-related vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Madden Brewster
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anthony R Bain
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vinicius P Garcia
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Noah M DeSouza
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael M Tymko
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jared J Greiner
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
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9
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Azbazdar Y, Poyraz YK, Ozalp O, Nazli D, Ipekgil D, Cucun G, Ozhan G. High-fat diet feeding triggers a regenerative response in the adult zebrafish brain. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2486-2506. [PMID: 36670270 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03210-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a range of liver conditions ranging from excess fat accumulation to liver failure. NAFLD is strongly associated with high-fat diet (HFD) consumption that constitutes a metabolic risk factor. While HFD has been elucidated concerning its several systemic effects, there is little information about its influence on the brain at the molecular level. Here, by using a high-fat diet (HFD)-feeding of adult zebrafish, we first reveal that excess fat uptake results in weight gain and fatty liver. Prolonged exposure to HFD induces a significant increase in the expression of pro-inflammation, apoptosis, and proliferation markers in the liver and brain tissues. Immunofluorescence analyses of the brain tissues disclose stimulation of apoptosis and widespread activation of glial cell response. Moreover, glial activation is accompanied by an initial decrease in the number of neurons and their subsequent replacement in the olfactory bulb and the telencephalon. Long-term consumption of HFD causes activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the brain tissues. Finally, fish fed an HFD induces anxiety, and aggressiveness and increases locomotor activity. Thus, HFD feeding leads to a non-traumatic brain injury and stimulates a regenerative response. The activation mechanisms of a regeneration response in the brain can be exploited to fight obesity and recover from non-traumatic injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Azbazdar
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1662, USA
| | - Yusuf Kaan Poyraz
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozgun Ozalp
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dilek Nazli
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Dogac Ipekgil
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Cucun
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 3640 76021, Karlsruhe, Postfach, Germany
| | - Gunes Ozhan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, 35430, Izmir, Turkey.
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10
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Qin L, Wu J, Sun X, Huang X, Huang W, Weng C, Cai J. The regulatory role of metabolic organ-secreted factors in the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1119005. [PMID: 37180779 PMCID: PMC10169694 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1119005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by an excessive accumulation of fat in the liver, which is becoming a major global health problem, affecting about a quarter of the population. In the past decade, mounting studies have found that 25%-40% of NAFLD patients have cardiovascular disease (CVD), and CVD is one of the leading causes of death in these subjects. However, it has not attracted enough awareness and emphasis from clinicians, and the underlying mechanisms of CVD in NAFLD patients remain unclear. Available research reveals that inflammation, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and glucose and lipid metabolism disorders play indispensable roles in the pathogenesis of CVD in NAFLD. Notably, emerging evidence indicates that metabolic organ-secreted factors, including hepatokines, adipokines, cytokines, extracellular vesicles, and gut-derived factors, are also involved in the occurrence and development of metabolic disease and CVD. Nevertheless, few studies have focused on the role of metabolic organ-secreted factors in NAFLD and CVD. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the relationship between metabolic organ-secreted factors and NAFLD as well as CVD, which is beneficial for clinicians to comprehensive and detailed understanding of the association between both diseases and strengthen management to improve adverse cardiovascular prognosis and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chunyan Weng
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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11
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Lu X, Song M, Gao N. Extracellular Vesicles and Fatty Liver. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1418:129-141. [PMID: 37603277 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1443-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Fatty liver is a complex pathological process caused by multiple etiologies. In recent years, the incidence of fatty liver has been increasing year by year, and it has developed into a common chronic disease that seriously affects people's health around the world. It is an important risk factor for liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, and a variety of extrahepatic chronic diseases. Therefore, the early diagnosis and early therapy of fatty liver are important. Except for invasive liver biopsy, there is still a lack of reliable diagnosis and staging methods. Extracellular vesicles are small double-layer lipid membrane vesicles derived from most types of cells. They play an important role in intercellular communication and participate in the occurrence and development of many diseases. Since extracellular vesicles can carry a variety of biologically active substances after they are released by cells, they have received widespread attention. The occurrence and development of fatty liver are also closely related to extracellular vesicles. In addition, extracellular vesicles are expected to provide a new direction for the diagnosis of fatty liver. This article reviews the relationship between extracellular vesicles and fatty liver, laying a theoretical foundation for the development of new strategies for the diagnosis and therapy of fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiya Lu
- Department of Endoscopy, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Meiyi Song
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Na Gao
- Department of Endoscopy, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
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12
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Qu P, Zhao J, Hu H, Cao W, Zhang Y, Qi J, Meng B, Zhao J, Liu S, Ding C, Wu Y, Liu E. Loss of Renewal of Extracellular Vesicles: Harmful Effects on Embryo Development in vitro. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:2301-2318. [PMID: 35615541 PMCID: PMC9126234 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s354003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxiang Qu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinpeng Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huizhong Hu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Cao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanru Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Qi
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Meng
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- The Assisted Reproduction Center, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuangqing Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chong Ding
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Wu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Enqi Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Correspondence: Enqi Liu, Email
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13
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Malnutrition and Biomarkers: A Journey through Extracellular Vesicles. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051002. [PMID: 35267977 PMCID: PMC8912428 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as active components in cellular communication, which are easily altered both morphologically and chemically by the cellular environment and metabolic state of the body. Due to this sensitivity to the conditions of the cellular microenvironment, EVs have been found to be associated with disease conditions, including those associated with obesity and undernutrition. The sensitivity that EVs show to changes in the cellular microenvironment could be a reflection of early cellular alterations related to conditions of malnutrition, which could eventually be used in the routine monitoring and control of diseases or complications associated with it. However, little is known about the influence of malnutrition alone; that is, without the influence of additional diseases on the heterogeneity and specific content of EVs. To date, studies in “apparently healthy” obese patients show that there are changes in the size, quantity, and content of EVs, as well as correlations with some metabolic parameters (glucose, insulin, and serum lipids) in comparison with non-obese individuals. In light of these changes, a direct participation of EVs in the development of metabolic and cardiovascular complications in obese subjects is thought to exist. However, the mechanisms through which this process might occur are not yet fully understood. The evidence on EVs in conditions of undernutrition is limited, but it suggests that EVs play a role in the maintenance of homeostasis and muscle repair. A better understanding of how EVs participate in or promote cellular signaling in malnutrition conditions could help in the development of new strategies to treat them and their comorbidities.
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14
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Monfoulet LE, Martinez MC. Dietary modulation of large extracellular vesicles: the good and the bad for human health. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:1274-1293. [PMID: 34875084 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) encompassing nanovesicles derived from the endosome system and generated by plasmatic membrane shedding are of increasing interest in view of their ability to sustain cell-to-cell communication and the possibility that they could be used as surrogate biomarkers of healthy and unhealthy trajectories. Nutritional strategies have been developed to preserve health, and the impact of these strategies on circulating EVs is arousing growing interest. Data available from published studies are now sufficient for a first integration to better understand the role of EVs in the relationship between diet and health. Thus, this review focuses on human intervention studies investigating the impact of diet or its components on circulating EVs. Because of analytical bias, only large EVs have been assessed so far. The analysis highlights that poor-quality diets with elevated fat and sugar content increase levels of circulating large EVs, and these can be partly counteracted by healthy food or some food micronutrients and bioactive compounds. However, knowledge of the content and the biological functions of these diet-induced EVs is still missing. It is important to address these aspects in new research in order to state if EVs are mediators of the effects of diet on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent-Emmanuel Monfoulet
- L.-E. Monfoulet is with the Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Human Nutrition Unit, Clermont-Ferrand, France M.C. Martinez is with the oxidative stress and metabolic pathologies laboratory (SOPAM), U1063, INSERM, Université Angers, Angers, France
| | - Maria Carmen Martinez
- L.-E. Monfoulet is with the Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Human Nutrition Unit, Clermont-Ferrand, France M.C. Martinez is with the oxidative stress and metabolic pathologies laboratory (SOPAM), U1063, INSERM, Université Angers, Angers, France
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15
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Li W, Liu J, Cai J, Zhang XJ, Zhang P, She ZG, Chen S, Li H. NAFLD as a continuous driver in the whole spectrum of vascular disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 163:118-132. [PMID: 34737121 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vascular disease is the prime determinant to cardiovascular morbidities and mortalities, which comprises the early vascular damage and subsequent cardiovascular events. Non-alcohol Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a systemic metabolic disorder that drives the progression of vascular disease through complex interactions. Although a causal relationship between NAFLD and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has not been established, a growing number of epidemiological studies have demonstrated an independent association between NAFLD and early vascular disease and subsequent cardiovascular events. In addition, mechanistic studies suggest that NAFLD initiates and accelerates vascular injury by increasing systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, impairing insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism, and modulating epigenetics, the intestinal flora and hepatic autonomic nervous system; thus, NAFLD is a putative driving force for CVD progression. In this review, we summarize the clinical evidence supporting the association of NAFLD with subclinical vascular disease and cardiovascular events and discuss the potential mechanisms by which NAFLD promotes the progression of vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Shaoze Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China; Huanggang Institute of Translational Medicine, Huanggang, China.
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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16
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Sinaga E, Suprihatin, Yenisbar, Iswahyudi M, Setyowati S, Prasasty VD. Effect of supplementation of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa fruit juice in preventing hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis development in rats fed with high fat high cholesterol diet. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:111996. [PMID: 34388525 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Nutraceuticals, mainly based on natural products, have been proven to control the risk factors of CVDs effectively. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa is an underutilized fruit that is rich in phenolic compounds and has antioxidant activities. Scientific investigation was needed to verify the pharmacological properties of R. tomentosa fruit juice in Sprague-Dawley rats fed with high fat high cholesterol (HFHC) as antihypercholesterolemic and antiatherosclerotic agents. The experiments were carried out using male albino rats fed with HFHC diet for 75 days and at the same time orally supplemented with R. tomentosa fruit juice (RTFJ) in doses of 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg body weight (BW) daily for 75 days. Simvastatin was used as a positive control. At the end of the experiment, the blood was collected, and the serum was assayed for total triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C). The histopathology of coronary and aorta arteries was observed under the light microscope. The results demonstrated that the supplementation of RTFJ significantly prevented the increase of total triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and the decrease of high-density lipoprotein in serum. Supplementation of RTFJ also prevents atherosclerosis development by preventing the thickening of the blood vessel wall, deposition of lipid formation, and foam cells in the tunica intima of the aorta and coronary arteries. These findings suggested that supplementation of R. tomentosa fruit juice prevents hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernawati Sinaga
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Nasional, Jakarta 12520, Indonesia; Center for Medicinal Plants Research, Universitas Nasional, Jakarta 12520, Indonesia.
| | - Suprihatin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Nasional, Jakarta 12520, Indonesia
| | - Yenisbar
- Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Nasional, Jakarta 12520, Indonesia
| | - Mardian Iswahyudi
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Nasional, Jakarta 12520, Indonesia; Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Sarwi Setyowati
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Nasional, Jakarta 12520, Indonesia
| | - Vivitri D Prasasty
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta 12930, Indonesia.
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17
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Nassir CMNCM, Ghazali MM, Hashim S, Idris NS, Yuen LS, Hui WJ, Norman HH, Gau CH, Jayabalan N, Na Y, Feng L, Ong LK, Abdul Hamid H, Ahamed HN, Mustapha M. Diets and Cellular-Derived Microparticles: Weighing a Plausible Link With Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:632131. [PMID: 33718454 PMCID: PMC7943466 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.632131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) represents a spectrum of pathological processes of various etiologies affecting the brain microcirculation that can trigger neuroinflammation and the subsequent neurodegenerative cascade. Prevalent with aging, CSVD is a recognized risk factor for stroke, vascular dementia, Alzheimer disease, and Parkinson disease. Despite being the most common neurodegenerative condition with cerebrocardiovascular axis, understanding about it remains poor. Interestingly, modifiable risk factors such as unhealthy diet including high intake of processed food, high-fat foods, and animal by-products are known to influence the non-neural peripheral events, such as in the gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular stress through cellular inflammation and oxidation. One key outcome from such events, among others, includes the cellular activations that lead to elevated levels of endogenous cellular-derived circulating microparticles (MPs). MPs can be produced from various cellular origins including leukocytes, platelets, endothelial cells, microbiota, and microglia. MPs could act as microthrombogenic procoagulant that served as a plausible culprit for the vulnerable end-artery microcirculation in the brain as the end-organ leading to CSVD manifestations. However, little attention has been paid on the potential role of MPs in the onset and progression of CSVD spectrum. Corroboratively, the formation of MPs is known to be influenced by diet-induced cellular stress. Thus, this review aims to appraise the body of evidence on the dietary-related impacts on circulating MPs from non-neural peripheral origins that could serve as a plausible microthrombosis in CSVD manifestation as a precursor of neurodegeneration. Here, we elaborate on the pathomechanical features of MPs in health and disease states; relevance of dietary patterns on MP release; preclinical studies pertaining to diet-based MPs contribution to disease; MP level as putative surrogates for early disease biomarkers; and lastly, the potential of MPs manipulation with diet-based approach as a novel preventive measure for CSVD in an aging society worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mazira Mohamad Ghazali
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Sabarisah Hashim
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Nur Suhaila Idris
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Lee Si Yuen
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Wong Jia Hui
- Neurobiology of Aging and Disease Laboratory, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haziq Hazman Norman
- Anatomy Unit, International Medical School (IMS), Management and Science University (MSU), Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Chuang Huei Gau
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Arts and Social Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Nanthini Jayabalan
- Translational Neuroscience Lab, University of Queensland (UQ), Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Yuri Na
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Linqing Feng
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Lin Kooi Ong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Hafizah Abdul Hamid
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Haja Nazeer Ahamed
- Crescent School of Pharmacy, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Muzaimi Mustapha
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
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18
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Regan JT, Mirczuk SM, Scudder CJ, Stacey E, Khan S, Worwood M, Powles T, Dennis-Beron JS, Ginley-Hidinger M, McGonnell IM, Volk HA, Strickland R, Tivers MS, Lawson C, Lipscomb VJ, Fowkes RC. Sensitivity of the Natriuretic Peptide/cGMP System to Hyperammonaemia in Rat C6 Glioma Cells and GPNT Brain Endothelial Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020398. [PMID: 33672024 PMCID: PMC7919485 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is the major natriuretic peptide of the central nervous system and acts via its selective guanylyl cyclase-B (GC-B) receptor to regulate cGMP production in neurons, astrocytes and endothelial cells. CNP is implicated in the regulation of neurogenesis, axonal bifurcation, as well as learning and memory. Several neurological disorders result in toxic concentrations of ammonia (hyperammonaemia), which can adversely affect astrocyte function. However, the relationship between CNP and hyperammonaemia is poorly understood. Here, we examine the molecular and pharmacological control of CNP in rat C6 glioma cells and rat GPNT brain endothelial cells, under conditions of hyperammonaemia. Concentration-dependent inhibition of C6 glioma cell proliferation by hyperammonaemia was unaffected by CNP co-treatment. Furthermore, hyperammonaemia pre-treatment (for 1 h and 24 h) caused a significant inhibition in subsequent CNP-stimulated cGMP accumulation in both C6 and GPNT cells, whereas nitric-oxide-dependent cGMP accumulation was not affected. CNP-stimulated cGMP efflux from C6 glioma cells was significantly reduced under conditions of hyperammonaemia, potentially via a mechanism involving changed in phosphodiesterase expression. Hyperammonaemia-stimulated ROS production was unaffected by CNP but enhanced by a nitric oxide donor in C6 cells. Extracellular vesicle production from C6 cells was enhanced by hyperammonaemia, and these vesicles caused impaired CNP-stimulated cGMP signalling in GPNT cells. Collectively, these data demonstrate functional interaction between CNP signalling and hyperammonaemia in C6 glioma and GPNT cells, but the exact mechanisms remain to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T. Regan
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (J.T.R.); (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.W.); (T.P.); (J.S.D.-B.); (M.G.-H.)
| | - Samantha M. Mirczuk
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (J.T.R.); (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.W.); (T.P.); (J.S.D.-B.); (M.G.-H.)
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (I.M.M.); (C.L.)
| | - Christopher J. Scudder
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (J.T.R.); (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.W.); (T.P.); (J.S.D.-B.); (M.G.-H.)
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (I.M.M.); (C.L.)
| | - Emily Stacey
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (J.T.R.); (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.W.); (T.P.); (J.S.D.-B.); (M.G.-H.)
| | - Sabah Khan
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (J.T.R.); (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.W.); (T.P.); (J.S.D.-B.); (M.G.-H.)
| | - Michael Worwood
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (J.T.R.); (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.W.); (T.P.); (J.S.D.-B.); (M.G.-H.)
| | - Torinn Powles
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (J.T.R.); (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.W.); (T.P.); (J.S.D.-B.); (M.G.-H.)
| | - J. Sebastian Dennis-Beron
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (J.T.R.); (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.W.); (T.P.); (J.S.D.-B.); (M.G.-H.)
| | - Matthew Ginley-Hidinger
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (J.T.R.); (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.W.); (T.P.); (J.S.D.-B.); (M.G.-H.)
| | - Imelda M. McGonnell
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (I.M.M.); (C.L.)
| | - Holger A. Volk
- Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Klinik für Kleintiere, Bünteweg, 930559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Rhiannon Strickland
- Clinical Sciences & Services, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (R.S.); (V.J.L.)
| | - Michael S. Tivers
- Paragon Veterinary Referrals, Paragon Business Village Paragon Way, Red Hall Cres, Wakefield WF1 2DF, UK;
| | - Charlotte Lawson
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (I.M.M.); (C.L.)
| | - Victoria J. Lipscomb
- Clinical Sciences & Services, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (R.S.); (V.J.L.)
| | - Robert C. Fowkes
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (J.T.R.); (S.M.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.S.); (S.K.); (M.W.); (T.P.); (J.S.D.-B.); (M.G.-H.)
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; (I.M.M.); (C.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-207-468-1215
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Konkoth A, Saraswat R, Dubrou C, Sabatier F, Leroyer AS, Lacroix R, Duchez AC, Dignat-George F. Multifaceted role of extracellular vesicles in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2020; 319:121-131. [PMID: 33261815 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles released by the majority of cells in response to cell activation or death stimuli. They are grouped as small EVs or exosomes, large EVs such as microvesicles (MVs) and apoptotic bodies, resulting from distinct mechanisms of generation. EVs are released into the extracellular space, in most human biological fluids and tissues, including atherosclerotic plaques. They transport complex cargo of bioactive molecules, including proteins, lipids and genetic material and are therefore involved in pathophysiological pathways of cell-cell communication. Indeed, EVs are involved in several processes such as inflammation, coagulation, vascular dysfunction, angiogenesis and senescence, contributing to the initiation and progression of atherothrombotic diseases. Consequently, they behave as a determinant of atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability leading to major cardiovascular disorders. Over the last decade, the field of EVs research has grown, highlighting their involvement in atherosclerosis. However, limitations in both detection methodologies and standardisation have hindered implementation of EVs in the clinical settings. This review summarizes the effect of EVs in atherosclerosis development, progression and severity, with specific attention devoted to their ambivalent roles in senescence and hemostasis. This review will also highlight the role of MVs as multifaceted messengers, able to promote or to attenuate atherosclerosis progression. Finally, we will discuss the main technical challenges and prerequisites of standardization for driving EVs to the clinics and delineate their relevance as emergent biomarkers and innovative therapeutic approaches in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Konkoth
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Ronald Saraswat
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Cléa Dubrou
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France; Department of Hematology and Vascular Biology, CHU La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Sabatier
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France; Department of Hematology and Vascular Biology, CHU La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Romaric Lacroix
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France; Department of Hematology and Vascular Biology, CHU La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Francoise Dignat-George
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France; Department of Hematology and Vascular Biology, CHU La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France
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20
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Ousmaal MEF, Gaceb A, Khene MA, Ainouz L, Giaimis J, Andriantsitohaina R, Martínez MC, Baz A. Circulating microparticles released during dyslipidemia may exert deleterious effects on blood vessels and endothelial function. J Diabetes Complications 2020; 34:107683. [PMID: 32713709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare the bioactivity of circulating microparticles (MPs) isolated from dyslipidemic Psammomys obesus (P. obesus) fed a high-energy diet (HED) with those released from healthy P. obesus fed a normal diet (ND). METHODS Vascular reactivity of aortic rings was evaluated by myography, after 24 h incubation in the absence or in the presence of circulating MPs isolated, by differential centrifugations, from the plasma of animals subjected to HED (MPsHED) or ND (MPsND) for 12 weeks. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated for 24 h with MPsHED or MPsND animals and subjected to immunofluorescence staining of caveolin-1 (cav-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), F-actin and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection. RESULTS The HED exerted a distinctly pronounced hyperlipidemic effect marked by plasmatic increase of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG). Both MPsND and MPsHED induced a significant reduction of maximal relaxation induced by acetylcholine (ACh). Interestingly, MPsHED significantly decreased eNOS expression up to ~25% and increased ROS production up to ~75% on in vitro treated HUVECs. Moreover, in HUVECs, MPsHED significantly decreased cav-1 expression up to ~50% whereas significant increase of ICAM-1 expression by about 2-fold approximately was observed. CONCLUSION Our experimental study demonstrated the dual role of MPs on vascular function by modulating endothelial cell function. Furthermore, MPs may be considered as vectors of a bioactive information contributing to inflammation and vascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E F Ousmaal
- Laboratory of valorisation and bio-engineering of natural resources, Faculty of Sciences, University of Algiers, Algiers, Algeria; Laboratory of Biology and Animal Physiology, ENS Kouba, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Abderahim Gaceb
- Translational Neurology group, Department of Clinical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - M'hammed A Khene
- Laboratory of Biology and Animal Physiology, ENS Kouba, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Lynda Ainouz
- Laboratory of Biology and Animal Physiology, ENS Kouba, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Jean Giaimis
- UMR Qualisud- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montpellier I, Montpellier, France
| | | | - M Carmen Martínez
- SOPAM, U1063, INSERM, UNIV Angers, SFR ICAT, Bat IRIS IBS, Rue des Capucins, 49100 Angers, France
| | - Ahsene Baz
- Laboratory of Biology and Animal Physiology, ENS Kouba, Algiers, Algeria
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21
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Saheera S, Potnuri AG, Krishnamurthy P. Nano-Vesicle (Mis)Communication in Senescence-Related Pathologies. Cells 2020; 9:E1974. [PMID: 32859053 PMCID: PMC7564330 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived membranous structures comprising of exosomes, apoptotic bodies, and microvesicles. Of the extracellular vesicles, exosomes are the most widely sorted and extensively explored for their contents and function. The size of the nanovesicular structures (exosomes) range from 30 to 140 nm and are present in various biological fluids such as saliva, plasma, urine etc. These cargo-laden extracellular vesicles arise from endosome-derived multivesicular bodies and are known to carry proteins and nucleic acids. Exosomes are involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including cellular senescence. Exosomes mediate signaling crosstalk and play a critical role in cell-cell communications. Exosomes have evolved as potential biomarkers for aging-related diseases. Aging, a physiological process, involves a progressive decline of function of organs with a loss of homeostasis and increasing probability of illness and death. The review focuses on the classic view of exosome biogenesis, biology, and age-associated changes. Owing to their ability to transport biological information among cells, the review also discusses the interplay of senescent cell-derived exosomes with the aging process, including the susceptibility of the aging population to COVID-19 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Saheera
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA;
| | - Ajay Godwin Potnuri
- Department of Animal Physiology, Indian Council for Medical Research—National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research, Genome Valley, Shamirpet, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India;
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1675 University Blvd, Volker Hall G094, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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22
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Li CJ, Fang QH, Liu ML, Lin JN. Current understanding of the role of Adipose-derived Extracellular Vesicles in Metabolic Homeostasis and Diseases: Communication from the distance between cells/tissues. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:7422-7435. [PMID: 32642003 PMCID: PMC7330853 DOI: 10.7150/thno.42167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes, microvesicles (MVs), and apoptotic bodies, are small membrane vesicular structures that are released during cell activation, senescence, or programmed cell death, including apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis. EVs serve as novel mediators for long-distance cell-to-cell communications and can transfer various bioactive molecules, such as encapsulated cytokines and genetic information from their parental cells to distant target cells. In the context of obesity, adipocyte-derived EVs are implicated in metabolic homeostasis serving as novel adipokines. In particular, EVs released from brown adipose tissue or adipose-derived stem cells may help control the remolding of white adipose tissue towards browning and maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Interestingly, EVs may even serve as mediators for the transmission of metabolic dysfunction across generations. Also, EVs have been recognized as novel modulators in various metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this review, we summarize the latest progress from basic and translational studies regarding the novel effects of EVs on metabolic diseases. We also discuss EV-mediated cross-talk between adipose tissue and other organs/tissues that are relevant to obesity and metabolic diseases, as well as the relevant mechanisms, providing insight into the development of new therapeutic strategies in obesity and metabolic diseases.
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23
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Novo E, Bocca C, Foglia B, Protopapa F, Maggiora M, Parola M, Cannito S. Liver fibrogenesis: un update on established and emerging basic concepts. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 689:108445. [PMID: 32524998 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrogenesis is defined as a dynamic and highly integrated process occurring during chronic injury to liver parenchyma that can result in excess deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components (i.e., liver fibrosis). Liver fibrogenesis, together with chronic inflammatory response, is then primarily involved in the progression of chronic liver diseases (CLD) irrespective of the specific etiology. In the present review we will first offer a synthetic and updated overview of major basic concepts in relation to the role of myofibroblasts (MFs), macrophages and other hepatic cell populations involved in CLD to then offer an overview of established and emerging issues and mechanisms that have been proposed to favor and/or promote CLD progression. A special focus will be dedicated to selected issues that include emerging features in the field of cholangiopathies, the emerging role of genetic and epigenetic factors as well as of hypoxia, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and related mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Novo
- University of Torino, Dept. Clinical and Biological Sciences, Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Claudia Bocca
- University of Torino, Dept. Clinical and Biological Sciences, Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Beatrice Foglia
- University of Torino, Dept. Clinical and Biological Sciences, Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Protopapa
- University of Torino, Dept. Clinical and Biological Sciences, Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Marina Maggiora
- University of Torino, Dept. Clinical and Biological Sciences, Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Maurizio Parola
- University of Torino, Dept. Clinical and Biological Sciences, Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy.
| | - Stefania Cannito
- University of Torino, Dept. Clinical and Biological Sciences, Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy
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24
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Weiskirchen R, Meurer SK, Liedtke C, Huber M. Mast Cells in Liver Fibrogenesis. Cells 2019; 8:E1429. [PMID: 31766207 PMCID: PMC6912398 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are immune cells of the myeloid lineage that are present in the connective tissue throughout the body and in mucosa tissue. They originate from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow and circulate as MC progenitors in the blood. After migration to various tissues, they differentiate into their mature form, which is characterized by a phenotype containing large granules enriched in a variety of bioactive compounds, including histamine and heparin. These cells can be activated in a receptor-dependent and -independent manner. Particularly, the activation of the high-affinity immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptor, also known as FcεRI, that is expressed on the surface of MCs provoke specific signaling cascades that leads to intracellular calcium influx, activation of different transcription factors, degranulation, and cytokine production. Therefore, MCs modulate many aspects in physiological and pathological conditions, including wound healing, defense against pathogens, immune tolerance, allergy, anaphylaxis, autoimmune defects, inflammation, and infectious and other disorders. In the liver, MCs are mainly associated with connective tissue located in the surrounding of the hepatic arteries, veins, and bile ducts. Recent work has demonstrated a significant increase in MC number during hepatic injury, suggesting an important role of these cells in liver disease and progression. In the present review, we summarize aspects of MC function and mediators in experimental liver injury, their interaction with other hepatic cell types, and their contribution to the pathogenesis of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Steffen K. Meurer
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Christian Liedtke
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Michael Huber
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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25
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Theories about the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) refer to the potential of primary islet inflammatory signaling as a trigger for the loss of self-tolerance leading to disease onset. Emerging evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles (EV) may represent the missing link between inflammation and autoimmunity. Here, we review the evidence for a role of EV in the pathogenesis of T1D, as well as discuss their potential value in the clinical sphere, as biomarkers and therapeutic agents. RECENT FINDINGS EV derived from β cells are enriched in diabetogenic autoantigens and miRNAs that are selectively sorted and packaged. These EV play a pivotal role in antigen presentation and cell to cell communication leading to activation of autoimmune responses. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests the potential of EV as novel tools in clinical diagnostics and therapeutic interventions. In-depth analysis of EV cargo using modern multi-parametric technologies may be useful in enhancing our understanding of EV-mediated immune mechanisms and in identifying robust biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Negi
- Human Islet Transplant Laboratory, Department of Surgery, D5.5736, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Alissa K Rutman
- Human Islet Transplant Laboratory, Department of Surgery, D5.5736, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Steven Paraskevas
- Human Islet Transplant Laboratory, Department of Surgery, D5.5736, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
- Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada.
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26
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Bodega G, Alique M, Puebla L, Carracedo J, Ramírez RM. Microvesicles: ROS scavengers and ROS producers. J Extracell Vesicles 2019; 8:1626654. [PMID: 31258880 PMCID: PMC6586107 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1626654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review analyzes the relationship between microvesicles and reactive oxygen species (ROS). This relationship is bidirectional; on the one hand, the number and content of microvesicles produced by the cells are affected by oxidative stress conditions; on the other hand, microvesicles can directly and/or indirectly modify the ROS content in the extra- as well as the intracellular compartments. In this regard, microvesicles contain a pro-oxidant or antioxidant machinery that may produce or scavenge ROS: direct effect. This mechanism is especially suitable for eliminating ROS in the extracellular compartment. Endothelial microvesicles, in particular, contain a specific and well-developed antioxidant machinery. On the other hand, the molecules included in microvesicles can modify (activate or inhibit) ROS metabolism in their target cells: indirect effect. This can be achieved by the incorporation into the cells of ROS metabolic enzymes included in the microvesicles, or by the regulation of signaling pathways involved in ROS metabolism. Proteins, as well as miRNAs, are involved in this last effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bodega
- Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - M Alique
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - L Puebla
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - J Carracedo
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - R M Ramírez
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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27
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Montgomery MK. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Diabetes: Is Mitochondrial Transfer a Friend or Foe? BIOLOGY 2019; 8:E33. [PMID: 31083560 PMCID: PMC6627584 DOI: 10.3390/biology8020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are accompanied by a variety of systemic and tissue-specific metabolic defects, including inflammation, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, lipotoxicity, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Over the past 30 years, association studies and genetic manipulations, as well as lifestyle and pharmacological invention studies, have reported contrasting findings on the presence or physiological importance of mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of obesity and insulin resistance. It is still unclear if targeting mitochondrial function is a feasible therapeutic approach for the treatment of insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis. Interestingly, recent studies suggest that intact mitochondria, mitochondrial DNA, or other mitochondrial factors (proteins, lipids, miRNA) are found in the circulation, and that metabolic tissues secrete exosomes containing mitochondrial cargo. While this phenomenon has been investigated primarily in the context of cancer and a variety of inflammatory states, little is known about the importance of exosomal mitochondrial transfer in obesity and diabetes. We will discuss recent evidence suggesting that (1) tissues with mitochondrial dysfunction shed their mitochondria within exosomes, and that these exosomes impair the recipient's cell metabolic status, and that on the other hand, (2) physiologically healthy tissues can shed mitochondria to improve the metabolic status of recipient cells. In this context the determination of whether mitochondrial transfer in obesity and diabetes is a friend or foe requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalene K Montgomery
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
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28
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Qiao F, Pan P, Yan J, Sun J, Zong Y, Wu Z, Lu X, Chen N, Mi R, Ma Y, Ji Y. Role of tumor‑derived extracellular vesicles in cancer progression and their clinical applications (Review). Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1525-1533. [PMID: 30864674 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including micro‑vesicles and exosomes, are heterogeneous small membranous vesicles shed from the surface of myriad cells and are crucial in mediating intercellular communication. The vertical trafficking of cargo to the plasma membrane and subsequent redistribution of surface lipids may contribute to EV formation. Tumor‑derived extracellular vesicles (TD‑EVs) can carry complex, bioactive cargo, such as nucleic acids and proteins, during tumor metastasis. Paracrine information gets relayed by TD‑EVs to adjacent tumor cells and this allows a crosstalk between malignant cells. These structures may even move to a distant metastatic lesion and modulate the tumor microenvironment to form a premetastatic niche. Thus, TD‑EVs might be potential biomarkers for tumor development and metastasis. Additionally, EVs are promising candidates for use as cell‑free vaccines or as vehicles for the delivery of specific tumor therapeutic molecules. Genetically modified microvesicles and engineered exosomes have shed light on a novel strategy for tumor‑targeted gene therapy. This review focuses on the role of EVs in tumor development and metastasis and their possible applications in the advanced diagnosis and therapy of cancer and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhao Qiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xintai, Xintai, Shandong 271200, P.R. China
| | - Peng Pan
- School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Jiaping Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xintai, Xintai, Shandong 271200, P.R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xintai, Xintai, Shandong 271200, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xintai, Xintai, Shandong 271200, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xintai, Xintai, Shandong 271200, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xintai, Xintai, Shandong 271200, P.R. China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xintai, Xintai, Shandong 271200, P.R. China
| | - Rui Mi
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Yongbin Ma
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Ji
- School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
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29
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Malloci M, Perdomo L, Veerasamy M, Andriantsitohaina R, Simard G, Martínez MC. Extracellular Vesicles: Mechanisms in Human Health and Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:813-856. [PMID: 29634347 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) are now considered veritable entities for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics. These structures are able to interact with target cells and modify their phenotype and function. Recent Advances: Since composition of EVs depends on the cell type of origin and the stimulation that leads to their release, the analysis of EV content remains an important input to understand the potential effects of EVs on target cells. CRITICAL ISSUES Here, we review recent data related to the mechanisms involved in the formation of EVs and the methods allowing specific EV isolation and identification. Also, we analyze the potential use of EVs as biomarkers in different pathologies such as diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Besides, their role in these diseases is discussed. Finally, we consider EVs enriched in microRNA or drugs as potential therapeutic cargo able to deliver desirable information to target cells/tissues. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We underline the importance of the homogenization of the parameters of isolation of EVs and their characterization, which allow considering EVs as excellent biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Malloci
- 1 INSERM UMR 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Liliana Perdomo
- 1 INSERM UMR 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Maëva Veerasamy
- 1 INSERM UMR 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina
- 1 INSERM UMR 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France.,2 Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Gilles Simard
- 1 INSERM UMR 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France.,2 Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - M Carmen Martínez
- 1 INSERM UMR 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France.,2 Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
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30
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Molecular Mechanisms Underpinning Microparticle-Mediated Cellular Injury in Cardiovascular Complications Associated with Diabetes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6475187. [PMID: 30915196 PMCID: PMC6399542 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6475187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) are small vesicles shed from the cytoplasmic membrane of healthy, activated, or apoptotic cells. MPs are very heterogeneous in size (100–1,000 nm), and they harbor proteins and surface antigens specific to cells they originate from. Virtually, all cells can shed MPs, and therefore, they can be found in all body fluids, but also entrapped in tissues. Of interest and because of their easy detection using a variety of techniques, circulating MPs were recognized as biomarkers for cell activation. MPs were also found to mediate critical actions in intercellular communication and transmitting biological messages by acting as paracrine vehicles. High plasma numbers of MPs were reported in many cardiovascular and metabolic disturbances that are closely associated with insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation and have been linked to adverse actions on cardiovascular function. This review highlights the involvement of MPs in cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes and discusses the molecular mechanisms that underpin the pathophysiological role of MPs in the onset and progression of cellular injury in diabetes.
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31
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Javeed N. Shedding Perspective on Extracellular Vesicle Biology in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Syndromes. Endocrinology 2019; 160:399-408. [PMID: 30624638 PMCID: PMC6349001 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of diabetes and associated metabolic derailments is a complex process that relies on crosstalk between metabolically active tissues. Dysregulation of secreted factors and metabolites from islets, adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle contributes to the overall progression of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are circulating nanovesicles secreted by most cell types and are comprised of bioactive cargoes that are horizontally transferred to targeted cells/tissues. Accumulating evidence from the past decade implicates the role of EVs as mediators of islet cell dysfunction, inflammation, insulin resistance, and other metabolic consequences associated with diabetes. This review covers a broad spectrum of basic EV biology (i.e., biogenesis, secretion, and uptake), including a comprehensive investigation of the emerging role of EVs in β-cell autocrine/paracrine interactions and the multidirectional crosstalk in metabolically active tissues. Understanding the utility of this novel means of intercellular communication could impart insight into the development of new treatment regimens and biomarker detection to treat diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naureen Javeed
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Correspondence: Naureen Javeed, PhD, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905. E-mail:
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WITHDRAWN: Decoding the role of extracellular vesicles in liver diseases. LIVER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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33
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Abstract
Platelet-derived microvesicles (pMVs) are small, heterogeneous vesicles released from platelet membranes as a result of activation. These microvesicles possess a wide range of properties, including prothrombotic, proatherogenic, proinflammatory, immunomodulatory, and even anticoagulant activity. The elevated release of these microvesicles has been observed in various metabolic, inflammatory, thrombotic, and vascular diseases, including ischemic heart disease, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, and connective tissue disease. Modulation of both pMV generation and the expression of their surface molecules may have beneficial clinical implications and could become a novel therapeutic target. However, mechanisms by which pharmacological agents can modify pMV formation are elusive. The purpose of this review is to discuss the effects of drugs routinely used in primary and secondary prevention of vascular disease on the release of pMV and expression of their surface procoagulant and proinflammatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Rosińska
- Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Maria Łukasik
- Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kozubski
- Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355, Poznan, Poland
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Na HG, Kim YD, Bae CH, Choi YS, Jin HJ, Shin KC, Song SY. High Concentration of Insulin Induces MUC5AC Expression via Phosphoinositide 3 Kinase/AKT and Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathways in Human Airway Epithelial Cells. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2018; 32:350-358. [PMID: 29943626 DOI: 10.1177/1945892418782223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Insulin is involved in a glucose homeostatic regulation and a cellular metabolism via phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Hyperinsulinemia reduces insulin sensitivity and is an obvious potential factor affecting airway inflammation in chronic airway diseases. MUC5AC is a major secreted mucin, which plays a critical role in inflammatory response in the respiratory tract. However, the relationship between insulin and MUC5AC expression has not been studied. Objective This study investigated the effect and the brief signaling pathway of high concentration of insulin (HI) on MUC5AC expression in human airway epithelial cell. Methods In NCI-H292 cells and primary cultures of normal nasal epithelial cells, the effect and signaling pathway of HI on MUC5AC expression were investigated using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time PCR, enzyme immunoassay, and immunoblot analysis with several specific inhibitors and small interfering RNA (siRNA). Results HI significantly increased MUC5AC expression and activated PI3K/AKT, extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 MAPKs. The specific PI3K and AKT inhibitor as well as knockdown of AKT1 and AKT2 by the respective siRNAs significantly blocked HI-mediated expression of MUC5AC. Meanwhile, the specific ERK1/2 MAPK and p38 MAPK inhibitor as well as knockdown of ERK1, ERK2, and p38 MAPK by the respective siRNAs also attenuated HI-induced expression of MUC5AC. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that HI induces MUC5AC expression via PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways in human airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Gyun Na
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Dae Kim
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,2 Regional Center for Respiratory Diseases, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Bae
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Choi
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Jin
- 2 Regional Center for Respiratory Diseases, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,3 Division of Pulmonology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Cheol Shin
- 2 Regional Center for Respiratory Diseases, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,3 Division of Pulmonology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Youn Song
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Finding EJT, Lawson C, Elliott J, Harris PA, Menzies-Gow NJ. Cell specific microvesicles vary with season and disease predisposition in healthy and previously laminitic ponies. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 202:85-92. [PMID: 30078603 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Microvesicles are small (up to 1 μm) vesicles found in plasma and other bodily fluids. They are recognised as part of the normal system of inter-cellular communication but altered numbers are also used as biomarkers of disease. Microvesicles have not been studied in detail in the horse but may be relevant to diseases such as laminitis. Identification of equine cell specific microvesicles was performed by developing a panel of cross reactive antibodies to use in flow cytometry to detect microvesicles of platelet, leucocyte and endothelial origin in plasma from healthy ponies and those predisposed to laminitis. The total number and proportion of microvesicles from the different cell types varied with season and there were more annexin V positive endothelial MV in non laminitic ponies compared to previously laminitic ponies. Development of this antibody panel and the technique for measuring microvesicles in the horse opens a new field for further investigation of these important structures in equine health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J T Finding
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK.
| | - C Lawson
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - J Elliott
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - P A Harris
- WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition, Leicestershire, UK
| | - N J Menzies-Gow
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK
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36
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Pardo F, Villalobos-Labra R, Sobrevia B, Toledo F, Sobrevia L. Extracellular vesicles in obesity and diabetes mellitus. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 60:81-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Santilli F, Marchisio M, Lanuti P, Boccatonda A, Miscia S, Davì G. Microparticles as new markers of cardiovascular risk in diabetes and beyond. Thromb Haemost 2018; 116:220-34. [DOI: 10.1160/th16-03-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe term microparticle (MP) identifies a heterogeneous population of vesicles playing a relevant role in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases, cancer and metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. MPs are released by virtually all cell types by shedding during cell growth, proliferation, activation, apoptosis or senescence processes. MPs, in particular platelet- and endothelial-derived MPs (PMPs and EMPs), are increased in a wide range of thrombotic disorders, with an interesting relationship between their levels and disease pathophysiology, activity or progression. EMP plasma levels have been associated with several cardiovascular diseases and risk factors. PMPs are also shown to be involved in the progressive formation of atherosclerotic plaque and development of arterial thrombosis, especially in diabetic patients. Indeed, diabetes is characterised by an increased procoagulant state and by a hyperreactive platelet phenotype, with enhanced adhesion, aggregation, and activation. Elevated MP levels, such as TF+ MPs, have been shown to be one of the procoagulant determinants in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Atherosclerotic plaque constitutes an opulent source of sequestered MPs, called “plaque” MPs. Otherwise, circulating MPs represent a TF reservoir, named “blood-borne” TF, challenging the dogma that TF is a constitutive protein expressed in minute amounts. “Blood-borne” TF is mainly harboured by PMPs, and it can be trapped within the developing thrombus. MP detection and enumeration by polychromatic flow cytometry (PFC) have opened interesting perspectives in clinical settings, particularly for the evaluation of MP numbers and phenotypes as independent marker of cardiovascular risk, disease and outcome in diabetic patients.
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38
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Neven KY, Nawrot TS, Bollati V. Extracellular Vesicles: How the External and Internal Environment Can Shape Cell-To-Cell Communication. Curr Environ Health Rep 2018; 4:30-37. [PMID: 28116555 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-017-0130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW To summarize the scientific evidence regarding the effects of environmental exposures on extracellular vesicle (EV) release and their contents. As environmental exposures might influence the aging phenotype in a very strict way, we will also report the role of EVs in the biological aging process. RECENT FINDINGS EV research is a new and quickly developing field. With many investigations conducted so far, only a limited number of studies have explored the potential role EVs play in the response and adaptation to environmental stimuli. The investigations available to date have identified several exposures or lifestyle factors able to modify EV trafficking including air pollutants, cigarette smoke, alcohol, obesity, nutrition, physical exercise, and oxidative stress. EVs are a very promising tool, as biological fluids are easily obtainable biological media that, if successful in identifying early alterations induced by the environment and predictive of disease, would be amenable to use for potential future preventive and diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristof Y Neven
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Valentina Bollati
- EPIGET - Epidemiology, Epigenetics and Toxicology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via San Barnaba 8, 20122, Milan, Italy.
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Chen Y, Li G, Liu ML. Microvesicles as Emerging Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Cardiometabolic Diseases. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2018; 16:50-62. [PMID: 29462670 PMCID: PMC6000161 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs, also known as microparticles) are small vesicles that originate from plasma membrane of almost all eukaryotic cells during apoptosis or activation. MVs can serve as extracellular vehicles to transport bioactive molecules from their parental cells to recipient target cells, thereby serving as novel mediators for intercellular communication. Importantly, more and more evidence indicates that MVs could play important roles in early pathogenesis and subsequent progression of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Elevated plasma concentrations of MVs, originating from red blood cells, leukocytes, platelets, or other organs and tissues, have been reported in various cardiometabolic diseases. Circulating MVs could serve as potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis or therapeutic monitoring. In this review, we summarized recently-published studies in the field and discussed the role of MVs in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases. The emerging values of MVs that serve as biomarker for non-invasive diagnosis and prognosis, as well as their roles as novel therapeutic targets in cardiometabolic diseases, were also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Guangping Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China.
| | - Ming-Lin Liu
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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40
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Zhang W, Chen S, Liu ML. Pathogenic roles of microvesicles in diabetic retinopathy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1-11. [PMID: 28713160 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes and has been recognized as the leading cause of blindness in adults. Several interrelated molecular pathways are involved in the development of DR. Microvesicles (MVs) are cell membrane vesicles, which carry many biologic molecules, such as mRNAs, microRNAs, transcription factors, membrane lipids, membrane receptors, and other proteins. They may be involved in intercellular communication that can promote inflammation, angiogenesis, and coagulation. Recent studies have indicated that changes in the number and composition of MVs may reflect the pathologic conditions of DR. At present, MVs are well recognized as being involved in the pathophysiological conditions of tumors and cardio-metabolic diseases. However, the roles of MVs in DR have yet to be investigated. In this review, we provide an overview of DR-induced microvascular injury that is caused by MVs derived from endothelial and circulating cells, and discuss the possible mechanisms by which MVs can lead to endothelial dysfunction, coagulation and inflammation. In addition, the protective effects of preconditioned MVs and stem cell-derived MVs are also described . Understanding the involvement of MVs in the pathophysiological conditions of DR may provide insight into the disease mechanisms and may suggest novel therapeutic strategies for DR in the future.
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41
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Badimon L, Suades R, Arderiu G, Peña E, Chiva-Blanch G, Padró T. Microvesicles in Atherosclerosis and Angiogenesis: From Bench to Bedside and Reverse. Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:77. [PMID: 29326946 PMCID: PMC5741657 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AT) is a progressive chronic disease involving lipid accumulation, fibrosis, and inflammation in medium and large-sized arteries, and it is the main cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). AT is caused by dyslipidemia and mediated by both innate and adaptive immune responses. Despite lipid-lowering drugs have shown to decrease the risk of cardiovascular events (CVEs), there is a significant burden of AT-related morbidity and mortality. Identification of subjects at increased risk for CVE as well as discovery of novel therapeutic targets for improved treatment strategies are still unmet clinical needs in CVD. Microvesicles (MVs), small extracellular plasma membrane particles shed by activated and apoptotic cells have been widely linked to the development of CVD. MVs from vascular and resident cells by facilitating exchange of biological information between neighboring cells serve as cellular effectors in the bloodstream and play a key role in all stages of disease progression. This article reviews the current knowledge on the role of MVs in AT and CVD. Attention is focused on novel aspects of MV-mediated regulatory mechanisms from endothelial dysfunction, vascular wall inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis to coagulation and thrombosis in the progression and development of atherothrombosis. MV contribution to vascular remodeling is also discussed, with a particular emphasis on the effect of MVs on the crosstalk between endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, and their role regulating the active process of AT-driven angiogenesis and neovascularization. This review also highlights the latest findings and main challenges on the potential prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic value of cell-derived MVs in CVD. In summary, MVs have emerged as new regulators of biological functions in atherothrombosis and might be instrumental in cardiovascular precision medicine; however, significant efforts are still needed to translate into clinics the latest findings on MV regulation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Research Center (ICCC) and CiberCV, Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Suades
- Cardiovascular Research Center (ICCC) and CiberCV, Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Arderiu
- Cardiovascular Research Center (ICCC) and CiberCV, Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Peña
- Cardiovascular Research Center (ICCC) and CiberCV, Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Chiva-Blanch
- Cardiovascular Research Center (ICCC) and CiberCV, Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Padró
- Cardiovascular Research Center (ICCC) and CiberCV, Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
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42
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Gustafson D, Veitch S, Fish JE. Extracellular Vesicles as Protagonists of Diabetic Cardiovascular Pathology. Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:71. [PMID: 29209616 PMCID: PMC5701646 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent an emerging mechanism of cell–cell communication in the cardiovascular system. Recent data suggest that EVs are produced and taken up by multiple cardiovascular cell types, influencing target cells through signaling or transfer of cargo (including proteins, lipids, messenger RNA, and non-coding RNA). The concentration and contents of circulating EVs are altered in several diseases and represent explicit signatures of cellular activation, making them of particular interest as circulating biomarkers. EVs also actively contribute to the progression of various cardiovascular diseases, including diabetes-related vascular disease. Understanding the relationships between circulating EVs, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease is of importance as diabetic patients are at elevated risk for developing several debilitating cardiovascular pathologies, including diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), a disease that remains an enigma at the molecular level. Enhancing and exploiting our understanding of EV biology could facilitate the development of effective non-invasive diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics. This review will focus on EV biology in diabetic cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis and DCM. We will review EV biogenesis and functional properties, as well as provide insight into their emerging role in cell–cell communication. Finally, we will address the utility of EVs as clinical biomarkers and outline their impact as a biomedical tool in the development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakota Gustafson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shawn Veitch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason E Fish
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Heart & Stroke Richard Lewar Center of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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43
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Battisti F, Napoletano C, Rahimi Koshkaki H, Belleudi F, Zizzari IG, Ruscito I, Palchetti S, Bellati F, Benedetti Panici P, Torrisi MR, Caracciolo G, Altieri F, Nuti M, Rughetti A. Tumor-Derived Microvesicles Modulate Antigen Cross-Processing via Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Alkalinization of Phagosomal Compartment in Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1179. [PMID: 28993771 PMCID: PMC5622295 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the only antigen-presenting cells able to prime naïve T cells and cross-prime antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. Their functionality is a requirement for the induction and maintenance of long-lasting cancer immunity. Albeit intensively investigated, the in vivo mechanisms underlying efficient antigen cross-processing and presentation are not fully understood. Several pieces of evidence indicate that antigen transfer to DCs mediated by microvesicles (MVs) enhances antigen immunogenicity. This mechanism is also relevant for cross-presentation of those tumor-associated glycoproteins such as MUC1 that are blocked in HLA class II compartment when internalized by DCs as soluble molecules. Here, we present pieces of evidence that the internalization of tumor-derived MVs modulates antigen-processing machinery of DCs. Employing MVs derived from ovarian cancer ascites fluid and established tumor cell lines, we show that MV uptake modifies DC phagosomal microenvironment, triggering reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and early alkalinization. Indeed, tumor MVs carry radical species and the MV uptake by DCs counteracts the chemically mediated acidification of the phagosomal compartment. Further pieces of evidence suggest that efficacious antigen cross-priming of the MUC1 antigen carried by the tumor MVs results from the early signaling induced by MV internalization and the function of the antigen-processing machinery of DCs. These results strongly support the hypothesis that tumor-derived MVs impact antigen immunogenicity by tuning the antigen-processing machinery of DCs, besides being carrier of tumor antigens. Furthermore, these findings have important implications for the exploitation of MVs as antigenic cell-free immunogen for DC-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Battisti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Napoletano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Belleudi
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Instituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ilary Ruscito
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Urology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Palchetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Bellati
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria Rosaria Torrisi
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Instituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Caracciolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Altieri
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Nuti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Aurelia Rughetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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44
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Deng F, Magee N, Zhang Y. Decoding the Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Liver Diseases. LIVER RESEARCH 2017; 1:147-155. [PMID: 29552373 PMCID: PMC5851463 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication is a fascinating process that is essential for maintaining tissue and whole-body homeostasis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane-bound nanoparticles that are a means of communication between cells. Accumulating evidence indicates that EVs can render either beneficial or harmful outcomes, depending on the specific cargos (e.g. proteins, lipids, RNAs) transferred between cells. EVs also have great value as diagnostic and prognostic markers of disease because they are present in a variety of biological fluids and carry bioactive molecules from their cells or tissues of origin. Liver cells can both release and receive EVs derived from other cells and emerging evidence indicates that liver EVs play important roles in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases, including liver cancer, viral hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and alcoholic liver disease. This review provides an overview of the biogenesis and secretion of EVs and summarizes the most recent advances in understanding the role of EVs in liver physiology and diseases. Additionally, we discuss potential applications of liver EVs as biomarkers and in therapeutic approaches to treat liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Nancy Magee
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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45
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Szabo G, Momen-Heravi F. Extracellular vesicles in liver disease and potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 14. [PMID: 28634412 PMCID: PMC6380505 DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2017.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous vesicles originating from different cells in the liver. The pathophysiological role of EVs is increasingly recognized in liver diseases, including alcoholic liver disease, NAFLD, viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. EVs, via their cargo, can provide communication between different cell types in the liver and between organs. EVs are explored as biomarkers of disease and could also represent therapeutic targets and vehicles for treatment delivery. Here, we review advances in understanding the role of EVs in liver diseases and discuss their utility in biomarker discovery and therapeutics.
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46
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Abstract
Extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes and microvesicles, are host cell-derived packages of information that allow cell-cell communication and enable cells to rid themselves of unwanted substances. The release and uptake of extracellular vesicles has important physiological functions and may also contribute to the development and propagation of inflammatory, vascular, malignant, infectious and neurodegenerative diseases. This Review describes the different types of extracellular vesicles, how they are detected and the mechanisms by which they communicate with cells and transfer information. We also describe their physiological functions in cellular interactions, such as in thrombosis, immune modulation, cell proliferation, tissue regeneration and matrix modulation, with an emphasis on renal processes. We discuss how the detection of extracellular vesicles could be utilized as biomarkers of renal disease and how they might contribute to disease processes in the kidney, such as in acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, renal transplantation, thrombotic microangiopathies, vasculitides, IgA nephropathy, nephrotic syndrome, urinary tract infection, cystic kidney disease and tubulopathies. Finally, we consider how the release or uptake of extracellular vesicles can be blocked, as well as the associated benefits and risks, and how extracellular vesicles might be used to treat renal diseases by delivering therapeutics to specific cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Karpman
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Klinikgatan 28, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anne-Lie Ståhl
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Klinikgatan 28, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ida Arvidsson
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Klinikgatan 28, 22184 Lund, Sweden
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47
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de Candia P, De Rosa V, Gigantino V, Botti G, Ceriello A, Matarese G. Immunometabolism of human autoimmune diseases: from metabolites to extracellular vesicles. FEBS Lett 2017. [PMID: 28649760 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunometabolism focuses on the mechanisms regulating the impact of metabolism on lymphocyte activity and autoimmunity outbreak. The adipose tissue is long known to release adipokines, either pro- or anti-inflammatory factors bridging nutrition and immune function. More recently, adipocytes were discovered to also release extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing a plethora of biological molecules, including metabolites and microRNAs, which can regulate cell function/metabolism in distant tissues, suggesting that immune regulatory function by the adipose tissue may be far more complex than originally thought. Moreover, EVs were also identified as important mediators of immune cell-to-cell communication, adding a further microenvironmental mechanism of plasticity to fine-tune specific lymphocyte responses. This Review will first focus on the known mechanisms by which metabolism impacts immune function, presenting a systemic (nutrition and long-ranged adipokines) and a cellular point of view (metabolic pathway derangement in autoimmunity). It will then discuss the new discoveries concerning how EVs may act as nanometric vehicles integrating immune/metabolic responses at the level of the extracellular environment and affecting pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veronica De Rosa
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | | | - Gerardo Botti
- IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
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Campello E, Zabeo E, Radu CM, Spiezia L, Foletto M, Prevedello L, Gavasso S, Bulato C, Vettor R, Simioni P. Dynamics of circulating microparticles in obesity after weight loss. Intern Emerg Med 2016; 11:695-702. [PMID: 26837209 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-016-1397-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A definitive relationship between adiposity and MP production is yet to be demonstrated. The aim of our study was to prospectively evaluate the levels of microparticles (MP) in a group of 20 III degree obese patients before and after weight loss. Plasma levels of annexin V-MP, endothelial-derived MP, platelet-derived MP (CD61+ and P-Selectin+), leukocyte-derived MP, tissue factor-bearing (TF+) and CD36+MP were prospectively measured in 20 patients with III degree obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m(2)) before (T0) and 3 (T3) and 12 (T12) months after sleeve gastrectomy (SLG). Obese patients had lost 18 % of their body weight at T3 and 41 % at T12. We find that considering all MP, except for endothelial-derived MP, which had significantly decreased at T3, all MP subtypes had significantly decreased at T12. At T12, subjects showed a higher median level of all types of MP, except endothelial-derived MP, compared to T3, but without a statistically significant difference. The percentages of reduction of all the MP were significantly correlated with the percentage of reduction of BMI. The reductions of leukocyte-derived, TF+ and CD36+MP were significantly correlated with the reduction of leptin. Moreover, the reductions of leukocyte-derived and CD36+MP were significantly correlated with hs-CRP decrease. The decrease of BMI post-SLG in morbid obesity was matched with a decrease of circulating MP of endothelial, platelet, leukocyte origin, TF+ and CD36+. A trend of slight increase in all MP subtypes, except endothelial-derived, was detected 12 months after gastrectomy, indicating a possible underlying slow low-grade inflammatory/hypercoagulability state from adipose tissue before the potential overt weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Campello
- Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Via Ospedale Civile 105, 35100, Padua, Italy.
| | - Eva Zabeo
- Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Via Ospedale Civile 105, 35100, Padua, Italy
| | - Claudia M Radu
- Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Via Ospedale Civile 105, 35100, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Spiezia
- Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Via Ospedale Civile 105, 35100, Padua, Italy
| | - Mirto Foletto
- Week Surgery, Bariatric Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Prevedello
- Week Surgery, Bariatric Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sabrina Gavasso
- Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Via Ospedale Civile 105, 35100, Padua, Italy
| | - Cristiana Bulato
- Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Via Ospedale Civile 105, 35100, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberto Vettor
- Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Via Ospedale Civile 105, 35100, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Simioni
- Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Via Ospedale Civile 105, 35100, Padua, Italy
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Paudel KR, Panth N, Kim DW. Circulating Endothelial Microparticles: A Key Hallmark of Atherosclerosis Progression. SCIENTIFICA 2016; 2016:8514056. [PMID: 27066292 PMCID: PMC4811266 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8514056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The levels of circulating microparticles (MPs) are raised in various cardiovascular diseases. Their increased level in plasma is regarded as a biomarker of alteration in vascular function. The prominent MPs present in blood are endothelial microparticles (EMPs) described as complex submicron (0.1 to 1.0 μm) vesicles like structure, released in response to endothelium cell activation or apoptosis. EMPs possess both physiological and pathological effects and may promote oxidative stress and vascular inflammation. EMPs release is triggered by inducer like angiotensin II, lipopolysaccharide, and hydrogen peroxide leading to the progression of atherosclerosis. However, there are multiple physiological pathways for EMPs generation like NADPH oxidase derived endothelial ROS formation, Rho kinase pathway, and mitogen-activated protein kinases. Endothelial dysfunction is a key initiating event in atherosclerotic plaque formation. Atheroemboli, resulting from ruptured carotid plaques, is a major cause of stroke. Increasing evidence suggests that EMPs play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, acting as a marker of damage, either exacerbating disease progression or triggering a repair response. In this regard, it has been suggested that EMPs have the potential to act as biomarkers of disease status. This review aims to provide updated information of EMPs in relation to atherosclerosis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Raj Paudel
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Nisha Panth
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
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Lawson C, Vicencio JM, Yellon DM, Davidson SM. Microvesicles and exosomes: new players in metabolic and cardiovascular disease. J Endocrinol 2016; 228:R57-71. [PMID: 26743452 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed an exponential increase in the number of publications referring to extracellular vesicles (EVs). For many years considered to be extracellular debris, EVs are now seen as novel mediators of endocrine signalling via cell-to-cell communication. With the capability of transferring proteins and nucleic acids from one cell to another, they have become an attractive focus of research for different pathological settings and are now regarded as both mediators and biomarkers of disease including cardio-metabolic disease. They also offer therapeutic potential as signalling agents capable of targeting tissues or cells with specific peptides or miRNAs. In this review, we focus on the role that microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes, the two most studied classes of EV, have in diabetes, cardiovascular disease, endothelial dysfunction, coagulopathies, and polycystic ovary syndrome. We also provide an overview of current developments in MV/exosome isolation techniques from plasma and other fluids, comparing different available commercial and non-commercial methods. We describe different techniques for their optical/biochemical characterization and quantitation. We also review the signalling pathways that exosomes and MVs activate in target cells and provide some insight into their use as biomarkers or potential therapeutic agents. In summary, we give an updated focus on the role that these exciting novel nanoparticles offer for the endocrine community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Lawson
- Department of Comparative Biomedical SciencesRoyal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UKThe Hatter Cardiovascular InstituteUniversity College London, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Jose M Vicencio
- Department of Comparative Biomedical SciencesRoyal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UKThe Hatter Cardiovascular InstituteUniversity College London, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Derek M Yellon
- Department of Comparative Biomedical SciencesRoyal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UKThe Hatter Cardiovascular InstituteUniversity College London, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Sean M Davidson
- Department of Comparative Biomedical SciencesRoyal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UKThe Hatter Cardiovascular InstituteUniversity College London, London WC1E 6HX, UK
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