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Wu Y, Rashidpour A, Metón I. Bayesian Meta-Analysis: Impacts of Eating Habits and Habitats on Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Composition and Growth in Cultured Fish. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2118. [PMID: 39061580 PMCID: PMC11273610 DOI: 10.3390/ani14142118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA) offer protective benefits against various pathological conditions, including atherosclerosis, obesity, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases. Marine fish and seafood are the primary sources of n-3 LC-PUFAs in the human diet. However, the inclusion of fish oil in aquafeeds is declining due to limited availability, fluctuating prices, sustainability concerns, and replacement with vegetable oils. While comprehensive narrative reviews on the impact of substituting fish oil with vegetable oil in aquafeeds exist, quantitative studies are relatively scarce and mainly focused on comparing the source of vegetable oils. Herein, we employed, for the first time, a Bayesian meta-analysis approach, collecting research data from 81 articles to quantitatively analyze the effects of dietary n-3 LC-PUFA levels on the n-3 LC-PUFA composition and growth performance in cultured fish. Our findings indicate that with the exception of herbivorous fish, dietary n-3 LC-PUFA levels significantly affect the EPA and DHA levels in the livers and muscles of carnivorous, omnivorous, freshwater, and marine fish. Additionally, the growths of freshwater and herbivorous fish were less affected by changes in dietary n-3 LC-PUFA levels compared to that of carnivorous and marine fish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isidoro Metón
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (Y.W.); (A.R.)
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Loureiro BB, Adorian TJ, Pianesso D, Mombach PI, Lovatto NM, Bender ABB, Speroni CS, Ferrigolo FRG, Silva LPDA. Growth performance, plasma and hepatic biochemistry of jundiá Rhamdia quelen fed dephytinized rice bran protein concentrate. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2024; 96:e20190556. [PMID: 38359283 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320190556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
A 45-day feeding assay was carried out to evaluate the effects of crescent levels of dephytinized rice bran protein concentrate (DRBPC) on growth performance, nutrient deposition, plasma and liver parameters of jundiá Rhamdia quelen. Five experimental diets were formulated with inclusion of 0 (control), 10, 15, 20, and 30% of DRBPC. In total 500 jundiás (initial body weight 6.28 ± 0.12 g) were allocated in 20 tanks (230 L) to give four groups for each treatment. Fish were fed to apparent satiation for 45 days. Weight gain and specific growth rate were evaluated by cubic regression analysis (P < 0.05) and displayed maximal growth on the inclusion level of 25% of DRBPC. The results indicated that fish fed DRBPC15 and DRBPC30 had lower body protein deposition and hepatosomatic index compared to CONTROL diet, respectively. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were assessed in plasma parameters. The alanine aminotransferase activity was higher in fish fed DRBPC30 compared to CONTROL group. The present study has demonstrated that DRBPC displayed significant nutritional quality for the jundiá. Thus, this new ingredient could be included as a protein source in fish for minimizing the use of fish meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno B Loureiro
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Zootecnia, Laboratório de Piscicultura, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Taida J Adorian
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Zootecnia, Laboratório de Piscicultura, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Dirleise Pianesso
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Zootecnia, Laboratório de Piscicultura, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia I Mombach
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Zootecnia, Laboratório de Piscicultura, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Naglezi M Lovatto
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Zootecnia, Laboratório de Piscicultura, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana B B Bender
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline S Speroni
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R G Ferrigolo
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Zootecnia, Laboratório de Piscicultura, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Leila P DA Silva
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Zootecnia, Laboratório de Piscicultura, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Kuznetsova MV, Rodin MA, Shulgina NS, Krupnova MY, Kuritsin AE, Murzina SA, Nemova NN. Activities of Energy Metabolism Enzymes in Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar L. Smolts and Parr Grown under Different Light Regimens. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2023; 513:S22-S27. [PMID: 38190038 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496623700850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Activities of enzymes of energy and carbohydrate metabolism in muscles and the liver were studied in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. smolts and parr grown under continuous or natural lighting and different feeding regimens in autumn followed by a short photoperiod in winter. Enzyme activities were found to differ between test and control salmon groups and between parr and smolts sampled at the end of the winter period. Smolts grown under continuous lighting and round-the-clock feeding differed from other groups by having higher cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity and lower aldolase activity in muscles. Differences in aerobic metabolism in muscles between parr and smolts were found to be the same in all experimental groups, COX and aldolase activities being relatively higher in smolts. The pattern of changes in enzyme activities in the liver from parr to smolts differed between different experimental groups. Based on the results, the photoperiod was assumed to affect the activities of energy metabolism enzymes in salmon juveniles and may eventually affect the completion of smoltification.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Kuznetsova
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia.
| | - M A Rodin
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - N S Shulgina
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - M Yu Krupnova
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - A E Kuritsin
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - S A Murzina
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - N N Nemova
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
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4
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Rashidpour A, Wu Y, Almajano MP, Fàbregas A, Metón I. Chitosan-Based Sustained Expression of Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein 1a Stimulates Hepatic Glucose Oxidation and Growth in Sparus aurata. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:562. [PMID: 37999386 PMCID: PMC10672111 DOI: 10.3390/md21110562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The administration of a single dose of chitosan nanoparticles driving the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1a (SREBP1a) was recently associated with the enhanced conversion of carbohydrates into lipids. To address the effects of the long-lasting expression of SREBP1a on the growth and liver intermediary metabolism of carnivorous fish, chitosan-tripolyphosphate (TPP) nanoparticles complexed with a plasmid expressing the N terminal active domain of hamster SREBP1a (pSG5-SREBP1a) were injected intraperitoneally every 4 weeks (three doses in total) to gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) fed high-protein-low-carbohydrate and low-protein-high-carbohydrate diets. Following 70 days of treatment, chitosan-TPP-pSG5-SREBP1a nanoparticles led to the sustained upregulation of SREBP1a in the liver of S. aurata. Independently of the diet, SREBP1a overexpression significantly increased their weight gain, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio but decreased their feed conversion ratio. In agreement with an improved conversion of dietary carbohydrates into lipids, SREBP1a expression increased serum triglycerides and cholesterol as well as hepatic glucose oxidation via glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway, while not affecting gluconeogenesis and transamination. Our findings support that the periodical administration of chitosan-TPP-DNA nanoparticles to overexpress SREBP1a in the liver enhanced the growth performance of S. aurata through a mechanism that enabled protein sparing by enhancing dietary carbohydrate metabolisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ania Rashidpour
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yuanbing Wu
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Pilar Almajano
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Fàbregas
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica, i Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isidoro Metón
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Zhang Y, Guo F, Yang X, Liu Y, Bao Y, Wang Z, Hu Z, Zhou Q. Insights into the mechanism of growth and fat deposition by feeding different levels of lipid provided by transcriptome analysis of swamp eel ( Monopterus albus, Zuiew 1793) liver. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1118198. [PMID: 37404827 PMCID: PMC10315655 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1118198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid is an important source of energy in fish feeds, and the appropriate fat content can improve the efficiency of protein utilization. However, excessive lipid content in the feed can lead to abnormal fat deposition in fish, which has a negative effect on the growth of fish. Therefore, the effects of feed lipid levels on swamp eel were studied. Essential functional genes were screened using transcriptomics. We divided 840 fish into seven groups (four replicates). A mixture of fish and soybean oils (1:4), 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12% was added to the basic feed were named groups one to seven (L1-L7), respectively. Isonitrogenous diets were fed swamp eel for 10 weeks. Growth performance, visceral index, nutritional components, and biochemical indexes were measured and analyzed. Livers of the 0%, 6%, and 12% groups were subjected to transcriptome sequencing analysis. The results of our study showed that: the suitable lipid level for the growth of swamp eel was 7.03%; the crude fat content of whole fish, liver, intestine, muscle, and skin increased with the increase of lipid level, with some significant difference, and excess fat was deposited in skin tissue; triglyceride, total cholesterol, and free fatty acid contents increased with the increase of feed lipid level. High-density lipoprotein levels in the L3 and L4 groups were higher than in the other groups. Blood glucose concentrations in the L5, L6, and L7 groups increased; the liver tissue structure was damaged when the lipid level was too high. two-hundred-and-twenty-eight differentially expressed genes were found. Several critical pathways regulating glucose metabolism and energy balance (e.g., glycerolipid metabolism, glycolysis synthesis, degradation of ketone bodies, and Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription signaling pathway) were enriched in swamp eel compared with the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. Suitable lipid levels (7.03%) can promote the growth of swamp eel, and excessive lipid levels can cause elevated blood lipids and lead to liver cell damage. Regulatory mechanisms may involve multiple metabolic pathways for glucose and lipid metabolism in eels. This study provides new insights to explain the mechanism of fat deposition due to high levels of lipid and provides a basis for the production of efficient and environmentally friendly feed for swamp eel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Featured Hydrobios Nutritional Physiology and Healthy Breeding, Nanchang, China
| | - Feng Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yihong Bao
- School of Economics and Management, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zirui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Featured Hydrobios Nutritional Physiology and Healthy Breeding, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhonghua Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiubai Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Featured Hydrobios Nutritional Physiology and Healthy Breeding, Nanchang, China
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Shen Y, Li X, Bao Y, Zhu T, Wu Z, Yang B, Jiao L, Zhou Q, Jin M. Lipid metabolic disorders and physiological stress caused by a high-fat diet have lipid source-dependent effects in juvenile black seabream Acanthopagrus schlegelii. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:955-971. [PMID: 35771297 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different dietary lipid sources on growth performance, lipid metabolism, and physiological stress responses including oxidative stress (OS) and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) of juvenile Acanthopagrus schlegelii (initial weight 0.88 ± 0.01 g) fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Four isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets containing different lipid sources were formulated: fish oil (FO), palm oil (PO), linseed oil (LO), and soybean oil (SO), respectively. Results indicated that fish fed HFD supplemented with FO significantly improved growth than SO treatment. The high concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase were found in HFD supplemented with SO. Fish fed dietary LO supplementation showed significantly lower serum cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein contents than those in SO group. Likewise, hepatic paraffin section analysis indicated that HFD with PO or SO supplementation increased fat drop. The expression levels of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor alpha (pparα) and silent regulator 1 (sirt1) were significantly elevated by HFD with FO or LO supplementation. Additionally, the key marker of OS malonaldehyde was significantly increased in FO and SO groups. ERS-related genes were activated in dietary PO or SO supplementation and, hence, triggering inflammation and apoptosis by promoting the expression levels of nuclear factor kappa B (nf-κb) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (jnk). Overall, the present study reveals that lipid metabolic disorders and physiological stress caused by a HFD have significant lipid source-dependent effects, which have important guiding significance for the use of HFD in marine fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuedong Shen
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xuejiao Li
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yangguang Bao
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Zhaoxun Wu
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Bingqian Yang
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Lefei Jiao
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Qicun Zhou
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Min Jin
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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Chen Z, Xing T, Li J, Zhang L, Jiang Y, Gao F. Oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide promotes glycolysis by activating CaMKK/LKB1/AMPK pathway in broiler breast muscle. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101681. [PMID: 35063808 PMCID: PMC8784327 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zuodong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Tong Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Jiaolong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Yun Jiang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China.
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Juárez OE, Lafarga-De la Cruz F, Lazo JP, Delgado-Vega R, Chávez-García D, López-Landavery E, Tovar-Ramírez D, Galindo-Sánchez CE. Transcriptomic assessment of dietary fishmeal partial replacement by soybean meal and prebiotics inclusion in the liver of juvenile Pacific yellowtail (Seriola lalandi). Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7127-7140. [PMID: 34515920 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06703-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seriola lalandi is an important species for aquaculture, due to its rapid growth, adaptation to captivity and formulated diets, and high commercial value. Due to the rise in fishmeal (FM) price, efforts have been and still are made to replace it partially or entirely with vegetable meals in diets for carnivorous fish. The use of prebiotics when feeding vegetable meals has improved fish health. METHODS Four experimental diets were assessed in juveniles, the control diet consisted of FM as the main protein source, the second diet included 2% of GroBiotic®-A (FM-P), in the third diet FM was partially replaced (25%) by soybean meal (SM25), and the fourth consisted of SM25 with 2% of GroBiotic®-A (SM25-P). Growth was evaluated and RNA-seq of the liver tissue was performed, including differential expression analysis and functional annotation to identify genes affected by the diets. RESULTS Growth was not affected by this level of FM replacement, but it was improved by prebiotics. Annotation was achieved for 59,027 transcripts. Gene expression was affected by the factors: 225 transcripts due to FM replacement, 242 due to prebiotics inclusion, and 62 due to the interaction of factors. The SM25-P diet showed the least amount of differentially expressed genes against the control diet. CONCLUSION The replacement of FM (25%) by soybean meal combined with prebiotics (2%) represents a good cost-benefit balance for S. lalandi juveniles since the fish growth increased and important metabolic and immune system genes in the liver were upregulated with this diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar E Juárez
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana #3918, Zona Playitas, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Fabiola Lafarga-De la Cruz
- Department of Aquaculture, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana #3918, Zona Playitas, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Juan Pablo Lazo
- Department of Aquaculture, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana #3918, Zona Playitas, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Rigoberto Delgado-Vega
- Department of Aquaculture, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana #3918, Zona Playitas, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Denisse Chávez-García
- Department of Aquaculture, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana #3918, Zona Playitas, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Edgar López-Landavery
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana #3918, Zona Playitas, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Dariel Tovar-Ramírez
- Aquaculture Program, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional #195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México
| | - Clara Elizabeth Galindo-Sánchez
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana #3918, Zona Playitas, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, México.
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9
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Shamna N, Sahu NP, Sardar P, Fawole FJ, Kumar S. Changes in weight gain, digestive and metabolic enzyme activities in Labeo rohita fingerlings in response to multiple stress exposure and dietary nutraceutical. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:509. [PMID: 34626240 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02905-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A feeding trial was conducted for 4 months to study the effect of a nutraceutical conglomerate at different levels (0, 0.1, and 0.5%) on stress-exposed (high stocking density, H and feed restriction, R) Labeo rohita fingerlings. Six isonitrogenous diets with a crude protein of 35% were prepared for the different treatments, viz. THR0, THR1, THR5, TNS0, TNS1 and TNS5. Stress significantly reduced the weight gain and feeding of 0.1% nutraceutical improved it in both stress-exposed and non-exposed groups from 3 months onwards. Two-and three-month stress-exposed groups exhibited lower (p < 0.05) protease activity, while amylase activity was significantly higher in 2-month stress-exposed groups. Higher lipase activity was found in stress-exposed groups irrespective of the duration of stress. Higher serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and hepatic and muscle lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were observed in the THR0 groups; however, THR1 showed a lower activity of these enzymes. Increased malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity was recorded in the 1st and 2nd months stress-exposed groups. However, THR1 group exhibited a reduced MDH and G6PDH activity compared to THR0 group in 1st and 2nd months. Hence, it can be concluded that the duration of multiple stress exposure adversely affected the digestive and metabolic enzymes activities and feeding of 0.1% nutraceutical conglomerates could restore the activities of digestive and metabolic enzymes in rohu fingerlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazeemashahul Shamna
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry & Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off Yari road, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Narottam Prasad Sahu
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry & Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off Yari road, Mumbai, 400061, India.
| | - Parimal Sardar
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry & Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off Yari road, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Femi John Fawole
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry & Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off Yari road, Mumbai, 400061, India.,Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Sarvendra Kumar
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry & Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off Yari road, Mumbai, 400061, India
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10
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Zhang L, Yu Y, Dong L, Gan J, Mao T, Liu T, Li X, He L. Effects of moderate exercise on hepatic amino acid and fatty acid composition, liver transcriptome, and intestinal microbiota in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 40:100921. [PMID: 34607243 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous research on swimming exercise in fish has focused on muscle building and quality of flesh. However, the effects of hepatic amino acid and fatty acid composition, liver gene expression profile, and intestinal microbiota are poorly understood. In this study, channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were subjected to a 4-week swimming exercise, and liver transcriptome and intestinal microbiota analyses were performed to broaden our understanding of fish under exercise. When compared to non-exercised channel catfish (N-EXF), exercised channel catfish (EXF) had improved arachidonic acid (C20:4n6; ARA), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3; DHA), aspartic acid (Asp) and glycine (Gly). The liver transcriptome analysis revealed 2912 differentially expressed genes and numerous enriched signaling pathways including those involved in nutrient synthesis, such as biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and amino acids; glucose metabolism, such as glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, insulin signaling, and AMPK signaling pathways; and oxygen transport, such as HIF-1, PI3K-Akt, and MAPK signaling pathways. In addition, bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing data revealed that long-term exercise increased bacterial diversity and richness, and changed the intestinal microbial composition in channel catfish. In summary, this study provides insights into hepatic metabolic pathways, candidate genes, and intestinal microbiota underlying the long-term exercised channel catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Zhang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yali Yu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lixue Dong
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinhua Gan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Tao Mao
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Li He
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China.
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11
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Frauendorf M, Allen AM, Verhulst S, Jongejans E, Ens BJ, van der Kolk HJ, de Kroon H, Nienhuis J, van de Pol M. Conceptualizing and quantifying body condition using structural equation modelling: A user guide. J Anim Ecol 2021; 90:2478-2496. [PMID: 34437709 PMCID: PMC9291099 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Body condition is an important concept in behaviour, evolution and conservation, commonly used as a proxy of an individual's performance, for example in the assessment of environmental impacts. Although body condition potentially encompasses a wide range of health state dimensions (nutritional, immune or hormonal status), in practice most studies operationalize body condition using a single (univariate) measure, such as fat storage. One reason for excluding additional axes of variation may be that multivariate descriptors of body condition impose statistical and analytical challenges. Structural equation modelling (SEM) is used in many fields to study questions relating multidimensional concepts, and we here explain how SEM is a useful analytical tool to describe the multivariate nature of body condition. In this 'Research Methods Guide' paper, we show how SEM can be used to resolve different challenges in analysing the multivariate nature of body condition, such as (a) variable reduction and conceptualization, (b) specifying the relationship of condition to performance metrics, (c) comparing competing causal hypothesis and (d) including many pathways in a single model to avoid stepwise modelling approaches. We illustrated the use of SEM on a real-world case study and provided R-code of worked examples as a learning tool. We compared the predictive power of SEM with conventional statistical approaches that integrate multiple variables into one condition variable: multiple regression and principal component analyses. We show that model performance on our dataset is higher when using SEM and led to more accurate and precise estimates compared to conventional approaches. We encourage researchers to consider SEM as a flexible framework to describe the multivariate nature of body condition and thus understand how it affects biological processes, thereby improving the value of body condition proxies for predicting organismal performance. Finally, we highlight that it can be useful for other multidimensional ecological concepts as well, such as immunocompetence, oxidative stress and environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Frauendorf
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Centre for Avian Population Studies, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew M Allen
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Centre for Avian Population Studies, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology & Experimental Plant Ecology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Verhulst
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eelke Jongejans
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Centre for Avian Population Studies, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology & Experimental Plant Ecology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno J Ens
- Centre for Avian Population Studies, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Sovon-Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk-Jan van der Kolk
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Centre for Avian Population Studies, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans de Kroon
- Centre for Avian Population Studies, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology & Experimental Plant Ecology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Nienhuis
- Sovon-Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn van de Pol
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Centre for Avian Population Studies, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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12
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Akhbarizadeh R, Russo G, Rossi S, Golianova K, Moore F, Guida M, De Falco M, Grumetto L. Emerging endocrine disruptors in two edible fish from the Persian Gulf: Occurrence, congener profile, and human health risk assessment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 166:112241. [PMID: 33711611 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has been determined in two widely consumed fish species from Persian Gulf i.e., Epinephelus coioides and Platycephalus indicus by applying a validated analytical for the simultaneous detection of fourteen EDCs. The concentrations of all detected EDCs were greater in the liver than in the muscle (except for bisphenol A in P. indicus), suggesting a prolonged exposure of the fishes to these pollutants in the Persian Gulf. Specifically, the results showed that di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was the compound detected most frequently and at the highest concentration in both species. DEHP levels in ranged from 6.68 to 297.48 μg g-dw-1 and from 13.32 to 350.52 μg g-dw-1, in muscle and in liver, respectively. A risk assessment study was conducted, and demonstrated that consuming two fish based- meals per week may result in a moderate risk especially for vulnerable population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razegheh Akhbarizadeh
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran; The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Giacomo Russo
- Pharm-Analysis & Bio-Pharm Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy; School of Applied Sciences, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh Napier University, 9 Sighthill Ct, EH11 4BN Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sergio Rossi
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "ABT" - CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Katarina Golianova
- Department of Biophysics, P.J.Šafárik University, Jesenná 5, 041 54, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Farid Moore
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, 71454 Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria De Falco
- Department of Biology, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Grumetto
- Pharm-Analysis & Bio-Pharm Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario INBB, Viale Medaglie d'Oro, 305, I-00136 Rome, Italy.
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13
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Silva ALN, Rodrigues RA, Siqueira MS, Farias KNN, Kuibida KV, Franco-Belussi L, Fernandes CE. Transaminase profile and hepatic histopathological traits in Piaractus mesopotamicus exposed to insecticide Diflubenzuron. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:22002-22010. [PMID: 33410075 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Diflubenzuron (DFB) is a widely used insecticide to control ectoparasites in fish farming. Although therapeutic concentrations (i.e., 50 to 100 mg/L) are safe as they fail to induce mortality, they can promote tissue changes. In Brazil, Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) is a native species used for commercial production, and it remains crucial to determine underlying mechanisms to mitigate the potential effects of pathogens on productivity. The aim of this study was to analyze the transaminase profile and histopathological changes in the liver of P. mesopotamicus exposed to a DFB bath. Hence, the fish were exposed to an immersion bath containing a 70 mg/L nominal concentration of Difluchem 240 SC® (24% (m/m) DFB) for 30 (n = 10), 60 (n = 10), and 120 min (n = 10), every 24 h for 3 days. Following exposure, plasma transaminases and liver histology were analyzed. In DFB-exposed fish, levels of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) were elevated when compared with the control at 30 and 60 min. Furthermore, liver morphology was altered based on exposure times. Compared with controls, the degree of reversible damage (degree of tissue change (DTC)) demonstrated high scores for all exposure times, with no difference between individual groups. Irreversible changes were increased in the 60 and 120-min baths. These findings highlight the impact of the therapeutic DFB concentration (i.e., 70 mg/L), revealing that 60-min and 120-min bathing induces irreversible and progressive hepatic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luiz N Silva
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciência Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Robson Andrade Rodrigues
- Departamento de Aquicultura do Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Mayara Schueroff Siqueira
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental (LAPEx), Instituto de Biociências Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Karine Nathiele Nogueira Farias
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciência Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Karin Virgínia Kuibida
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental (LAPEx), Instituto de Biociências Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Lilian Franco-Belussi
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental (LAPEx), Instituto de Biociências Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Fernandes
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental (LAPEx), Instituto de Biociências Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil.
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14
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Shen GP, Ding ZN, Dai T, Feng JH, Dong JY, Xia F, Xu JJ, Ye JD. Effect of dietary taurine supplementation on metabolome variation in plasma of Nile tilapia. Animal 2021; 15:100167. [PMID: 33495095 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurine has been considered as an essential nutrient for many aquaculture species. While dietary taurine supplementation is highly recommended, novelty studies on taurine metabolism in fish are needed. The present study aimed to provide insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in multiple metabolome changes in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by studying plasma metabolic profile changes in response to graded levels of dietary taurine supplementation. The analysis used proton nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics. Four groups of tilapias were fed with four diets supplemented with 0.0, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2% taurine for 84 days. Fish plasma was sampled at multiple time points to provide an accurate snapshot of specific metabolic profiles during growth. Under the effect of taurine supplementation, 21 and 12 metabolites in tilapia plasma shown significant changes in terms of time-dependence and diet-dependence, respectively. These metabolic changes in tilapia plasma were mainly associated with energy and amino acid metabolism, lipids, nucleotides and protein metabolism. The results indicate that 0.8% taurine supplementation could significantly improve the carbohydrate synthesis, protein digestion and absorption, and fat deposition of tilapia and thereby promoted growth and development of tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Shen
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Z N Ding
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - T Dai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Third Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - J H Feng
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - J Y Dong
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - F Xia
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - J J Xu
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - J D Ye
- Fisheries College, Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
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15
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Li Y, Liu Z, Yang Y, Jiang Q, Wu D, Huang Y, Jiao Y, Chen Q, Huang Y, Zhao Y. Effects of nanoplastics on energy metabolism in the oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115890. [PMID: 33176947 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics are common pollutants in aquatic environments and have attracted widespread research attention. However, few studies focus on the effects of nanoplastic exposure on energy metabolism in crustaceans. Accordingly, we exposed juvenile oriental river prawns (Macrobrachium nipponense) to different concentrations of 75-nm polystyrene nanoplastics (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/L) for 7, 14, 21, or 28 days. Thereafter, the effects of nanoplastic exposure on metabolite content, energy metabolism-related enzyme activity, and gene expression were evaluated. Our results showed that (1) with increasing nanoplastic concentration and exposure time, the survival rate decreased, while weight gain rate and molting number increased and then decreased; glycogen, triglyceride, and total cholesterol content all declined while lactic acid content increased with higher exposure to nanoplastic concentrations; (2) the activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), hexokinase (HK), carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1, pyruvate kinase (PK), lipase, and fatty acid synthase tended to decrease, while the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increased. In particular, the activity of 6-phosphofructokinase exposed to 5 mg/L nanoplastics increased significantly (P < 0.05). (3) Expression of the metabolism-related genes 6-phosphate glucokinase (G-6-Pase), HK, PK, ACC, Acetyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP), CPT-1, and fatty-acid-binding protein 10 (FABP 10) increased and then decreased, while expression of the LDH gene showed an upward trend. These results indicate that nanoplastics affect growth, enzyme activity, and the gene expression of energy metabolism in M. nipponense, and that high concentrations of nanoplastics have a negative impact on energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhiquan Liu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qichen Jiang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210017, China
| | - Donglei Wu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Youhui Huang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yinying Huang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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16
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Li X, Zheng S, Han T, Song F, Wu G. Effects of dietary protein intake on the oxidation of glutamate, glutamine, glucose and palmitate in tissues of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Amino Acids 2020; 52:1491-1503. [PMID: 33161445 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02907-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Louvado A, Coelho FJRC, Palma M, Tavares LC, Ozorio ROA, Magnoni L, Viegas I, Gomes NCM. Effect of glycerol feed-supplementation on seabass metabolism and gut microbiota. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:8439-8453. [PMID: 32845369 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10809-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dietary glycerol supplementation in aquaculture feed is seen as an alternative and inexpensive way to fuel fish metabolism, attenuate metabolic utilization of dietary proteins and, subsequently, reduce nitrogen excretion. In this study, we evaluated the impact of dietary glycerol supplementation on nitrogen excretion of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and its effects on metabolite profile and bacterial community composition of gut digesta. These effects were evaluated in a 60-day trial with fish fed diets supplemented with 2.5% or 5% (w/w) refined glycerol and without glycerol supplementation. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used to characterize the effects of glycerol supplementation on digesta metabolite and bacterial community composition of 6-h postprandial fish. Our results showed that ammonia excretion was not altered by dietary glycerol supplementation, and the highest glycerol dosage was associated with significant increases in amino acids and a decrease of ergogenic creatine in digesta metabolome. Concomitantly, significant decreases in putative amino acid degradation pathways were detected in the predicted metagenome analysis, suggesting a metabolic shift. Taxon-specific analysis revealed significant increases in abundance of some specific genera (e.g., Burkholderia and Vibrio) and bacterial diversity. Overall, our results indicate glycerol supplementation may decrease amino acid catabolism without adversely affecting fish gut bacterial communities.Key points• Glycerol can be an inexpensive and energetic alternative in fish feed formulations.• Glycerol did not affect nitrogen excretion and gut bacteriome composition.• Glycerol reduced uptake of amino acids and increased uptake of ergogenic creatine.• Glycerol reduced putative amino acid degradation pathways in predicted metagenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Louvado
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - F J R C Coelho
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Palma
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - L C Tavares
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - R O A Ozorio
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - L Magnoni
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - I Viegas
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.,Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - N C M Gomes
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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18
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Pianesso D, Adorian T, Mombach P, Dalcin M, Loebens L, Telles Y, Roballo S, Lovatto N, Silva L. Nutritional assessment of linseed meal (Linum usitatissimum L.) protein concentrate in feed of silver catfish. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Abstract
Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) are a highly valued aquaculture species, and, as obligate carnivores, they have a demonstrated preference for dietary protein over lipid or starch to fuel energetic growth demands. In order to investigate how carnivorous fish regulate nutritional cues, we examined the metabolic effects of feeding two isoenergetic diets that contained different proportions of digestible protein or starch energy. Fish fed a high proportion of dietary starch energy had a higher proportion of liver SFA, but showed no change in plasma glucose levels, and few changes in the expression of genes regulating key hepatic metabolic pathways. Decreased activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin growth signalling cascade was consistent with decreased growth performance values. The fractional synthetic rate (lipogenesis), measured by TAG 2H-enrichment using 2H NMR, was significantly higher in barramundi fed with the starch diet compared with the protein diet (0·6 (se 0·1) v. 0·4 (se 0·1) % per d, respectively). Hepatic TAG-bound glycerol synthetic rates were much higher than other closely related fish such as sea bass, but were not significantly different (starch, 2·8 (se 0·3) v. protein, 3·4 (se 0·3) % per d), highlighting the role of glycerol as a metabolic intermediary and high TAG-FA cycling in barramundi. Overall, dietary starch significantly increased hepatic TAG through increased lipogenesis. Compared with other fish, barramundi possess a unique mechanism to metabolise dietary carbohydrates and this knowledge may define ways to improve performance of advanced formulated feeds.
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20
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Geng X, Guo J, Zhang L, Sun J, Zang X, Qiao Z, Xu C. Differential Proteomic Analysis of Chinese Giant Salamander Liver in Response to Fasting. Front Physiol 2020; 11:208. [PMID: 32256382 PMCID: PMC7093600 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese giant salamander Andrias davidianus has strong tolerance to starvation. Fasting triggers a complex array of adaptive metabolic responses, a process in which the liver plays a central role. Here, a high-throughput proteomic analysis was carried out on liver samples obtained from adult A. davidianus after 3, 7, and 11 months of fasting. As a result, the expression levels of 364 proteins were significantly changed in the fasted liver. Functional analysis demonstrated that the expression levels of key proteins involved in fatty acid oxidation, tricarboxylic acid cycle, gluconeogenesis, ketogenesis, amino acid oxidation, urea cycle, and antioxidant systems were increased in the fasted liver, especially at 7 and 11 months after fasting. In contrast, the expression levels of vital proteins involved in pentose phosphate pathway and protein synthesis were decreased after fasting. We also found that fasting not only activated fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis-related transcription factors PPARA and PPARGC1A, but also activated gluconeogenesis-related transcription factors FOXO1, HNF4A, and KLF15. This study confirms the central role of lipid and acetyl-CoA metabolism in A. davidianus liver in response to fasting at the protein level and provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the metabolic response of A. davidianus liver to fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Geng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jianlin Guo
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jiyao Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiayan Zang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhigang Qiao
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Cunshuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
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21
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Soto-Dávila M, Martinez D, Oyarzún R, Pontigo JP, Vargas-Lagos C, Morera FJ, Saravia J, Zanuzzo F, Vargas-Chacoff L. Intermediary metabolic response and gene transcription modulation on the Sub-Antarctic notothenioid Eleginops maclovinus (Valenciennes, 1930) injected with two strains of Piscirickettsia salmonis. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2020; 43:111-127. [PMID: 31709576 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen interactions with cultured fish populations are well studied, but their effects on native fishes have not been characterized. In Chile, the disease caused by bacterial species Piscirickettsia salmonis represents one of the main issues and is considered to be one of the important pathogens in the field of aquaculture. They have been found to infect native fish. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the impact of P. salmonis on native species of local commercial value, as well as the potential impact associated with the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of P. salmonis. Due to this purpose, the native fish Eleginops maclovinus was used in our study. Fish were randomly distributed in tanks and intraperitoneally inoculated with two strains of P. salmonis. No mortality was recorded during the experiment. Cortisol, glucose and total α-amino acid levels increased in fish injected with AUSTRAL-005 strain compared to sham-injected and LF-89-inoculated fish. Moreover, results showed an increase in the activity of carbohydrates and lipids metabolism in liver; and an increase in the carbohydrates, lipids and total α-amino acid metabolism in muscle after injection with AUSTRAL-005. Our results suggest that P. salmonis modulates the physiology of E. maclovinus and the physiological impact increase in the presence of the antibiotic-resistant strain AUSTRAL-005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Soto-Dávila
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Danixa Martinez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Ricardo Oyarzún
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Juan P Pontigo
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carolina Vargas-Lagos
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción, Chile
| | - Francisco J Morera
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Julia Saravia
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Fábio Zanuzzo
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Luis Vargas-Chacoff
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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22
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Growth and Metabolic Response of Chinese Perch to Different Dietary Protein-to-Energy Ratios in Artificial Diets. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235983. [PMID: 31795078 PMCID: PMC6928951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of dietary nutrients on novel farm species has always garnered wide research and economic interest. Chinese perch, an economically important carnivorous fish, accepts an artificial diet after taming, so it is essential to evaluate and optimize the nutritional and metabolic demands of this species. However, little is known about the effect of an artificial diet on the growth and metabolism of Chinese perch. Therefore, the present study evaluated the growth and metabolic responses of Chinese perch to experimental diets with different dietary protein/energy (P/E) ratios. Five isoenergetic diets (18 kJ/g) with graded levels of P/E ratios of 30.58, 33.22, 35.90, 38.6, and 41.35 mg/kJ (named A, B, C, D, and E) were formulated. A total of 225 Chinese perch (64.89 ± 0.28 g) were divided into five groups (triplicate tanks for each group), distributed into 15 (350 L) fiberglass tanks, and fed twice a day at 4% of fish wet body weight with the respective P/E ratio diets for 10 weeks. Compared with the other groups, Chinese perch in Group C showed significantly improved growth performance, weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), viscerosomatic index (VSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), intraperitoneal fat (IPF), feed utilization, feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), protein retention efficiency (PRE), energy retention efficiency (ERE), and feed efficiency (FE) as well as whole-body, muscle, and liver composition. Chinese perch in Group A, on the other hand, had the lowest growth performance, feed utilization, and body composition compared with the other groups. The activities of nitrogen metabolism-related enzymes (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and adenosine 5′-monophosphate deaminase (AMPD)) as well as the mRNA expression of the GDH and AMPD genes were significantly lower than those in the other groups. Similarly, the expression of NPY and AgRp were significantly higher in Group C compared with the other groups. However, the gene expression of CART and POMC was not affected by the dietary P/E ratios. In Group A, the expression of mTOR, S6K, and 4EBP1 was significantly lower and that of AMPK, LKB1, and eEF2 was significantly higher when compared with the other groups. Biochemical analysis of blood showed that ALT, AST, total protein (TP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glucose (GLU), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and triglyceride (TG) levels were also affected by the dietary P/E ratio. From our results, we concluded that Chinese perch growth performance and nutrient metabolism were significantly affected by the P/E ratio of the artificial diet. Second-order polynomial regression analysis revealed that Chinese perch growth performance was optimal at a P/E ratio of 37.98 in the artificial diet.
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Carbonara P, Alfonso S, Zupa W, Manfrin A, Fiocchi E, Pretto T, Spedicato MT, Lembo G. Behavioral and physiological responses to stocking density in sea bream (Sparus aurata): Do coping styles matter? Physiol Behav 2019; 212:112698. [PMID: 31626890 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Stocking density is considered a stress factor for fish and is therefore one of the numerous concerns about fish welfare in an aquaculture context. Stress coping styles (SCS) are defined as a coherent set of individual physiological and behavioral differences in stress responses that are consistent across time and context and appear to be promising for improving fish welfare in aquaculture. The aim of the present study was to describe the physiological and zootechnical performances of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) at different stocking densities (low density, LD: 15 kg/m3 and high density, HD: 30 kg/m3), depending on individual SCS. To do so, the fish SCS were first screened by measuring boldness (prior to the experiment). Three consecutive samplings were performed over the experiment to measure several blood parameters, including hematocrit (Hct), red blood cell count (RBCC), hemoglobin (Hb), cortisol, adrenalin, noradrenalin, glucose, lactate, and lysozyme, to infer the consequence of the SCS profile on the welfare condition in response to stocking density. Finally, swimming activity was recorded in a subsample of individuals (9 BOLD and 9 SHY individuals per density), and BOLD individuals displayed higher swimming activity than SHY ones at HD, while the opposite pattern was observed at LD. According to principal component analysis, physiological parameters are linked to the SCS profile, mostly at the beginning of the experiment, while density effects on physiology remain during the entire experiment duration. In conclusion, regarding all the variables observed, fish SCS appeared to be promising criteria to select the most adaptive individuals relating to rearing conditions and therefore improve welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amedeo Manfrin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico delle Venezie, sede di Adria, Italy
| | | | - Tobia Pretto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico delle Venezie, sede di Adria, Italy
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24
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Silva-Marrero JI, Villasante J, Rashidpour A, Palma M, Fàbregas A, Almajano MP, Viegas I, Jones JG, Miñarro M, Ticó JR, Baanante IV, Metón I. The Administration of Chitosan-Tripolyphosphate-DNA Nanoparticles to Express Exogenous SREBP1a Enhances Conversion of Dietary Carbohydrates into Lipids in the Liver of Sparus aurata. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9080297. [PMID: 31344838 PMCID: PMC6724022 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to being essential for the transcription of genes involved in cellular lipogenesis, increasing evidence associates sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) with the transcriptional control of carbohydrate metabolism. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of overexpression SREBP1a, a potent activator of all SREBP-responsive genes, on the intermediary metabolism of Sparus aurata, a glucose-intolerant carnivorous fish. Administration of chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles complexed with a plasmid driving expression of the N-terminal transactivation domain of SREBP1a significantly increased SREBP1a mRNA and protein in the liver of S. aurata. Overexpression of SREBP1a enhanced the hepatic expression of key genes in glycolysis-gluconeogenesis (glucokinase and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase), fatty acid synthesis (acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2), elongation (elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 5) and desaturation (fatty acid desaturase 2) as well as reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate production (glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase) and cholesterol synthesis (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase), leading to increased blood triglycerides and cholesterol levels. Beyond reporting the first study addressing in vivo effects of exogenous SREBP1a in a glucose-intolerant model, our findings support that SREBP1a overexpression caused multigenic effects that favoured hepatic glycolysis and lipogenesis and thus enabled protein sparing by improving dietary carbohydrate conversion into fatty acids and cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonás I Silva-Marrero
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juliana Villasante
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ania Rashidpour
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariana Palma
- Center for Functional Ecology (CFE), Department Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martins de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anna Fàbregas
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica, i Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Pilar Almajano
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivan Viegas
- Center for Functional Ecology (CFE), Department Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martins de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - John G Jones
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Montserrat Miñarro
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica, i Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep R Ticó
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica, i Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel V Baanante
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isidoro Metón
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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25
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Rashidpour A, Silva-Marrero JI, Seguí L, Baanante IV, Metón I. Metformin counteracts glucose-dependent lipogenesis and impairs transdeamination in the liver of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 316:R265-R273. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00216.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Metformin is an antidiabetic drug with a major impact on regulating blood glucose levels by decreasing hepatic gluconeogenesis, but also by affecting other pathways, including glucose transport and energy/lipid metabolism. Carnivorous fish are considered glucose intolerant, as they exhibit poor ability in using dietary carbohydrates. To increase the current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms by which metformin can improve glucose homeostasis in carnivorous fish, we addressed the effect of intraperitoneal administration of metformin, in the presence or absence of a glucose load, on metabolic rate-limiting enzymes and lipogenic factors in the liver of gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata). Hyperglycemia markedly upregulated the expression of glycolytic enzymes (glucokinase and 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase, PFK1) 5 h following glucose administration, while at 24 h posttreatment, it increased isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) activity, a key enzyme of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the expression of lipogenic factors (PGC1β, Lpin1, and SREBP1). Metformin counteracted glucose-dependent effects, and downregulated glutamate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, and mammalian target of rapamycin 5 h posttreatment in the absence of a glucose load, leading to decreased long-term activity of PFK1 and IDH. The results of the present study suggest that hyperglycemia enhances lipogenesis in the liver of S. aurata and that metformin may exert specific metabolic effects in fish by decreasing hepatic transdeamination and suppressing the use of amino acids as gluconeogenic substrates. Our findings highlight the role of amino acid metabolism in the glucose-intolerant carnivorous fish model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ania Rashidpour
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jonás I. Silva-Marrero
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidia Seguí
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel V. Baanante
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isidoro Metón
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Oyarzún R, Martínez D, Soto-Dávila M, Muñoz JLP, Dantagnan P, Vargas-Chacoff L. Effect of ration level on growth performance, body composition, intermediary metabolism and serum parameters in juvenile Patagonian blennie Eleginops maclovinus. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 230:122-130. [PMID: 30703559 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Eleginops maclovinus is an endemic species of the southern cone with beneficial physiological characteristics for aquaculture. However, this species has a low growth rate under captive conditions, and the optimal feed ration together with the metabolic process is unknown. This study aimed to determine the optimum feed ration during 90 days based on growth performance, body composition, intermediary metabolism, and serum parameters. For this, fish were randomly assigned to rations of 0.5, 1, 2 and 4% of body weight. No fish mortality was registered, but all fish, developed fatty liver. The results of weight, length, growth performance (WGR, SGR), and body parameters (HSI, VSI and K) followed a similar pattern, with the lowest values observed in the 0.5% and no significant differences between rations of 1, 2 and 4%. The feed intake and feces increased with the feed ration. However, the percentage of food consumed by the fish decreased with the ration size and the feed conversion ratio was lowest in the 1% ration. Total serum proteins and calcium were lowest in the 0.5% ration and presented no differences in the rations 1, 2 and 4%, while triglyceride content was significantly different only between the rations of 0.5 and 4%. Blood cortisol levels were significantly higher in the rations of 0.5 and 1%, and decreased in rations of 2 and 4%. The lipids, fiber, and energy of the total body mass increased with the feed ration, while dry matter, proteins, and ash of the body decreased to higher feed ration. In liver, triglyceride and protein levels decreased with a larger feed ration, amino acids increased in the rations of 0.5 and 4%, while glucose levels increased in rations of 2 and 4%. Liver enzymes Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and Glutamate dehydrogenase increased their activity at a higher feed ration, while Glycogen Phosphorylase, Aspartate aminotransferase and 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase presented their highest enzymatic activity only in the 4% ration. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate showed low enzymatic activity in rations of 2 and 4% and Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was significantly different only between the ration of 0.5 and 1%. Finally, our results suggests that optimal feed rations for E. maclovinus corresponds to 1% since this ration size produces the highest growth and metabolism with a minimum loss of food and feces present in the environment. Additionally, we recommend to reduce the percentage of fat in the diet to avoid the development of fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Oyarzún
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Escuela de Graduados, Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Av. Los Pinos s/n Balneario Pelluco, Puerto Montt, Chile; Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - D Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Escuela de Graduados, Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Av. Los Pinos s/n Balneario Pelluco, Puerto Montt, Chile; Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
| | - M Soto-Dávila
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Master of Science in Aquaculture, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - J L P Muñoz
- Centro I~mar, Universidad de los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - P Dantagnan
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile; Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencia Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - L Vargas-Chacoff
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile.
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27
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Gaspar C, Silva-Marrero JI, Fàbregas A, Miñarro M, Ticó JR, Baanante IV, Metón I. Administration of chitosan-tripolyphosphate-DNA nanoparticles to knockdown glutamate dehydrogenase expression impairs transdeamination and gluconeogenesis in the liver. J Biotechnol 2018; 286:5-13. [PMID: 30195924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) plays a major role in amino acid catabolism. To increase the current knowledge of GDH function, we analysed the effect of GDH silencing on liver intermediary metabolism from gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Sequencing of GDH cDNA from S. aurata revealed high homology with its vertebrate orthologues and allowed us to design short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) to knockdown GDH expression. Following validation of shRNA-dependent downregulation of S. aurata GDH in vitro, chitosan-tripolyphosphate (TPP) nanoparticles complexed with a plasmid encoding a selected shRNA (pCpG-sh2GDH) were produced to address the effect of GDH silencing on S. aurata liver metabolism. Seventy-two hours following intraperitoneal administration of chitosan-TPP-pCpG-sh2GDH, GDH mRNA levels and immunodetectable protein decreased in the liver, leading to reduced GDH activity in both oxidative and reductive reactions to about 53-55 % of control values. GDH silencing decreased glutamate, glutamine and aspartate aminotransferase activity, while increased 2-oxoglutarate content, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase activity and 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase/fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activity ratio. Our findings show for the first time that GDH silencing reduces transdeamination and gluconeogenesis in the liver, hindering the use of amino acids as gluconeogenic substrates and enabling protein sparing and metabolisation of dietary carbohydrates, which would reduce environmental impact and production costs of aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gaspar
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jonás I Silva-Marrero
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Fàbregas
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica, i Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Miñarro
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica, i Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep R Ticó
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica, i Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel V Baanante
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isidoro Metón
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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28
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Liang H, Mokrani A, Chisomo-Kasiya H, Wilson-Arop OM, Mi H, Ji K, Ge X, Ren M. Molecular characterization and identification of facilitative glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and its expression and of the related glycometabolism enzymes in response to different starch levels in blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:869-883. [PMID: 29560575 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0477-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Facilitative glucose transporters (GLUT) are transmembrane transporters involved in glucose transport across the plasma membrane. In this study, blunt snout bream GLUT2 gene was cloned, and its expression in various tissues and in liver in response to diets with different carbohydrate levels (17.1; 21.8; 26.4; 32.0; 36.3; and 41.9% of dry matter). Blunt snout bream GLUT2 was also characterized. A full-length cDNA fragment of 2577 bp was cloned, which contains a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 73 bp, a 3'-UTR of 992 bp, and an open reading frame of 1512 bp that encodes a polypeptide of 503 amino acids with predicted molecular mass of 55.046 kDa and theoretical isoelectric point was 7.52. The predicted GLUT2 protein has 12 transmembrane domains between amino acid residues at 7-29; 71-93; 106-123; 133-155; 168-190; 195-217; 282-301; 316-338; 345-367; 377-399; 412-434; and 438-460. Besides, the conservative structure domains located at 12-477 amino acids belong to the sugar porter family which is the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) of transporters. Blunt snout bream GLUT2 had the high degree of sequence identity to four GLUT2s from zebrafish, chicken, human, and mouse, with 91, 63, 57, and 54% identity, respectively. Quantitative real-time (qRT) PCR assays revealed that GLUT2 expression was high in the liver, intestine, and kidney; highest in the liver and was regulated by carbohydrate intake. Compared with the control group (17.1%), fed by 3 h with higher starch levels (32.0; 36.3; and 41.9%), increased plasma glucose levels and glycemic level went back to basal by 24 h after treatment. Furthermore, higher dietary starch levels significantly increase GLUT2, glucokinase (GK), and pyruvate kinase (PK) expression and concurrently decrease phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6P) mRNA levels (P < 0.05), and these changes were also back to basal levels after 24 h of any dietary treatment. These results indicate that the blunt snout bream is able to regulate their ability to metabolize glucose by improving GLUT2, GK, and PK expression levels and decreasing PEPCK and G6P expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualiang Liang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Ahmed Mokrani
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | | | | | - Haifeng Mi
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Ke Ji
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Xianping Ge
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China.
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, China.
| | - Mingchun Ren
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China.
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, China.
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Chronic stress of high dietary carbohydrate level causes inflammation and influences glucose transport through SOCS3 in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7415. [PMID: 29743495 PMCID: PMC5943576 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25412-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnivorous fish is thought to be high-glucose intolerance. But the reasons were still unclear. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of high level of dietary carbohydrate on the survival, growth and immune responses of Paralichthys olivaceus, and the underlying molecular mechanism related to the immune and glucose metabolism. P. olivaceus were fed with 8%, 16% and 24% of dietary carbohydrate for 10 weeks, respectively. After that, a glucose tolerance test (GTT) was conducted. Results showed that excessive (24%) dietary carbohydrate significantly decreased the growth and glucose tolerance ability according to the GTT. It significantly increased hepatic NADPH oxidase activity and malondialdehyde content and serum contents of IL-6 and advanced glycation end products. The expressions of glucose transport-relevant genes in liver and the content of related hormones in serum were analyzed. In conclusion, it was confirmed that IL-6 increased the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) and regulated the downstream targets of PI3K-AKT mediated signal transduction, and then downregulated the glucose transporter 2 activity in liver of P. olivaceus fed diet with excessive carbohydrate level. It was suggested that SOCS3 served as a bridge between immune response and glucose metabolism in P. olivaceus.
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30
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Castillo A, Alvarez A, Cuzon G, Suárez J, Gaxiola G. Glycemic response after glucose oral administration of wild juvenile red grouper Epinephelus morio fed two different diets. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:219-226. [PMID: 28971287 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Epinephelus morio is a large carnivorous species of the Caribbean Sea under reproduction in captivity and nutritional physiology. A diet with raw cornstarch (RCS) was compared to a basal diet without starch (basal) to measure plasma glucose, liver glycogen, and intermediary metabolism. Glucose level did not change (p > 0.05) whereas liver glycogen was significantly higher in fish fed the RCS diet (137.2 ± 14.5 mg g-1) than in fish fed the basal diet (87.4 ± 14.5 mg g-1). Oral glucose administration (170 mg glucose per 100 g body weight) yielded a slight change; two peaks of plasma glucose were recorded with basal (5.6 mM L-1) 2 h after oral administration and at 12 h (6.4 mM L-1). After 24 h, with 1.7 mM L-1, fish returned to initial stage (2.4 mM L-1). RCS diet produced the highest level (6.3 mM L-1) 2 h after oral administration; lowest level observed at 24 h after oral administration (1.0 mM L-1). A significant effect was detected with the presence or absence of dietary carbohydrates (CBH) on hepatic fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase and pyruvate kinase activity. Grouper used two strategies to maintain glucose homeostasis: CBH present in the diet oriented towards gluconeogenesis, whereas no dietary CBH enhanced glycolytic route to liberate glucose and increase liver glycogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Castillo
- Posgrado de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Alvarez
- DACBIOL, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - G Cuzon
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación de Sisal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Suárez
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación de Sisal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - G Gaxiola
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación de Sisal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Silva-Marrero JI, Sáez A, Caballero-Solares A, Viegas I, Almajano MP, Fernández F, Baanante IV, Metón I. A transcriptomic approach to study the effect of long-term starvation and diet composition on the expression of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation genes in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). BMC Genomics 2017; 18:768. [PMID: 29020939 PMCID: PMC5637328 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of nutritional status and diet composition on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in fish remains largely unknown. To identify biomarkers of interest in nutritional studies, herein we obtained a deep-coverage transcriptome by 454 pyrosequencing of liver and skeletal muscle cDNA normalised libraries from long-term starved gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and fish fed different diets. Results After clean-up of high-throughput deep sequencing reads, 699,991 and 555,031 high-quality reads allowed de novo assembly of liver and skeletal muscle sequences, respectively (average length: 374 and 441 bp; total megabases: 262 and 245 Mbp). An additional incremental assembly was completed by integrating data from both tissues (hybrid assembly). Assembly of hybrid, liver and skeletal muscle transcriptomes yielded, respectively, 19,530, 11,545 and 10,599 isotigs (average length: 1330, 1208 and 1390 bp, respectively) that were grouped into 15,954, 10,033 and 9189 isogroups. Following annotation, hybrid transcriptomic data were used to construct an oligonucleotide microarray to analyse nutritional regulation of the expression of 129 genes involved in OXPHOS in S. aurata. Starvation upregulated cytochrome c oxidase components and other key OXPHOS genes in the liver, which exhibited higher sensitive to food deprivation than the skeletal muscle. However, diet composition affected OXPHOS in the skeletal muscle to a greater extent than in the liver: most of genes upregulated under starvation presented higher expression among fish fed a high carbohydrate/low protein diet. Conclusions Our findings indicate that the expression of coenzyme Q-binding protein (COQ10), cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2 (COX6A2) and ADP/ATP translocase 3 (SLC25A6) in the liver, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B isoform 1 (COX5B1) in the liver and the skeletal muscle, are sensitive markers of the nutritional condition that may be relevant to assess the effect of changes in the feeding regime and diet composition on fish farming. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4148-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonás I Silva-Marrero
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Sáez
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Caballero-Solares
- Departament d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivan Viegas
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Functional Ecology (CFE), Department Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martins de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - María Pilar Almajano
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Diagonal 647, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felipe Fernández
- Departament d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel V Baanante
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isidoro Metón
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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32
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Rito J, Viegas I, Pardal MA, Jones JG. Evidence of extensive plasma glucose recycling following a glucose load in seabass. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 211:41-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wu C, Chen L, Lu Z, Gao J, Chu Y, Li L, Wang M, Zhang G, Zhang M, Ye J. The effects of dietary leucine on the growth performances, body composition, metabolic abilities and innate immune responses in black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 28627405 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study was focused on the growth, body composition, metabolic abilities and innate immune responses in juvenile black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus fed with six levels of dietary leucine (7.3, 12.4, 16.2, 21.9, 28.3 and 34.5 g kg-1) for 9 weeks. Results showed that the highest weight gain (WG) and the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) was obtained at 23.5 and 23.9 g kg-1 dietary leucine using second-order polynomial model, respectively. Adequate dietary leucine content (21.9 and 28.3 g kg-1) could significantly up-regulate the expression levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and ghrelin (GRL) in the brain of black carp juveniles. The protein efficiency ratio (PER), feed efficiency ratio (FER) and protein deposition ratio (PDR) were also significantly increased by adequate dietary leucine content (21.9 and 28.3 g kg-1) (p < 0.05). Adequate dietary leucine content (21.9 and 28.3 g kg-1) could significantly up-regulate the activities of metabolic enzymes, such as α amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin and elastase in the liver of Black carp (p < 0.05). However, the activities of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) were significantly reduced in the fish serum by adequate dietary leucine content (21.9 and 28.3 g kg-1) compared with leucine-deficient diet (7.3 and 12.4 g kg-1). In addition, 21.9 and 28.3 g kg-1 dietary leucine could significantly increase complement component 3 (C3) and C4 contents, lysozyme (LYZ) activities in the serum compared with the leucine-deficient diet (7.3 and 12.4 g kg-1) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, optimal dietary leucine could also significantly up-regulate the mRNA expression levels of LYZ, interferon α (IFN-α), hepcidin (HEPC), natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (NRAMP), C3 and C9 in the blood of juvenile black carp compared with the leucine-deficient diets (7.3 and 12.4 g kg-1) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that adequate dietary leucine (21.9 and 28.3 g kg-1) could increase growth performances, improve metabolic abilities and then enhance non-specific immunities in black carp juveniles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Wu
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, 759 East 2nd Road, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Lian Chen
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, 759 East 2nd Road, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Zhibin Lu
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, 759 East 2nd Road, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Jun'e Gao
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, 759 East 2nd Road, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Yudan Chu
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, 759 East 2nd Road, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Liang Li
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, 759 East 2nd Road, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Ming Wang
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, 759 East 2nd Road, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Geying Zhang
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, 759 East 2nd Road, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Miaotong Zhang
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, 759 East 2nd Road, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Jinyun Ye
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, 759 East 2nd Road, Huzhou 313000, PR China.
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Liang X, Wang J, Gong G, Xue M, Dong Y, Wu X, Wang X, Chen C, Liang X, Qin Y. Gluconeogenesis during starvation and refeeding phase is affected by previous dietary carbohydrates levels and a glucose stimuli during early life in Siberian sturgeon ( Acipenser baerii). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 3:284-294. [PMID: 29767079 PMCID: PMC5941230 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gluconeogenesis responses was assessed during a short starvation period and subsequent refeeding in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) previously fed different dietary carbohydrates levels and experienced to a glucose stimuli during early life. The sturgeon larvae were previously fed either a high glucose diet (G) or a low glucose diet (F) from the first feeding to yolk absorption (8 to 12 d post-hatching [dph]). Each group of fish was sub-divided into 2 treatments at 13 dph and was fed either a high-carbohydrate diet (H) or a low carbohydrate diet (L) until 20 wk. In the current study, the fish in 4 groups (GL, FL, GH and FH) were experienced to starvation for 21 d following by re-feeding of their corresponding diets for 21 d. Fish were sampled at postprandial 6 and 24 h before starvation (P6h and P24h), starvation 7, 14 and 21 d (S7, S14 and S21) and 1, 7, 14 and 21 d during refeeding (R1, R7, R14 and R21). Plasma samples during refeeding were taken at P6h at each time point. Glycaemia levels, liver and muscle glycogen contents, activities and mRNA levels of hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes were examined. We found that both dietary carbohydrate levels and early glucose stimuli significantly affected the metabolic responses to starvation and refeeding in Siberian sturgeon (P < 0.05). During prolonged starvation, Siberian sturgeon firstly mobilized the liver glycogen and then improved gluconeogenesis when the dietary carbohydrates were abundant, whereas preserved the liver glycogen stores at a stable level and more effectively promoted gluconeogenesis when the dietary carbohydrates are absent to maintain glucose homoeostasis. During refeeding, as most teleostean, Siberian sturgeon failed controlling the activities and mRNA levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase cytosolic forms (PEPCK-C), fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), but particularly controlled phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase mitochondrial forms (PEPCK-M) activities and mRNA expression of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase, except in GL group). Siberian sturgeon has a full compensatory ability on growth, but this ability would be obstructed by early glucose stimuli when refeeding the low carbohydrate diet after S21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Liang
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Station, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jia Wang
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Station, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guan Gong
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Station, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Min Xue
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Station, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yingchao Dong
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Station, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiufeng Wu
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Station, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xin Wang
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Station, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chunshan Chen
- Beijing Aquatic Wildlife Rescue and Conservation Center, Beijing 102100, China
| | - Xufang Liang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuchang Qin
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Zhuo MQ, Pan YX, Wu K, Xu YH, Luo Z. Characterization and mechanism of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) members in insulin-induced changes of protein metabolism in yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 247:34-45. [PMID: 28410969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, seven phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) members (PI3KCa, PI3KCb, PI3KCd, PI3KCg, PI3KC2a, PI3KC2b and PI3KC3, respectively) were isolated and characterized from yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, and their roles in insulin-induced changes of protein metabolism were determined. These seven PI3Ks can be divided into three classes, class I (including PI3KCa, PI3KCb, PI3KCd and PI3KCg), class II (including PI3KC2a and PI3KC2b) and class III (only including PI3KC3). Compared with mammals, all of these members share similar domain structure. Their mRNAs were widely expressed across ten tested tissues (liver, white muscle, spleen, brain, gill, mesenteric fat, intestine, heart, kidney and ovary), but at variable levels. In the in vivo study, insulin treatment significantly increased hepatic protein content at 3h, accompanied with reduced plasma total amino acid contents and liver ALT activity, and with increased total RNA content and the mRNA levels of PI3KCb, PI3KC2a, AKT2, mTORC1 and S6K1 in liver. At 6h and 12h, insulin injection showed no significant effect on liver protein content and plasma total amino acid, but reduced liver ALT activity and increased liver total RNA and the mRNA levels of AKT2, mTORC1 and S6K1 in liver at 6h. In the in vitro study, insulin incubation also tended to increase protein content of hepatocytes, accompanied with reduced cell medium total amino acid contents and hepatocytes ALT activity, and increased total RNA content and the mRNA levels of PI3KCb, PI3KC2a, AKT2, mTORC1 and S6K1 in hepatocytes. However, insulin treatment showed no significant effect on GDH activity and mRNA expression of PI3KCa, PI3KCd, PI3KCg, PI3KC2b, PI3KC3 and eEF2 both in the in vivo and in vitro studies. Effects of insulin on the mRNA levels of eIF-4E and 4E-BP1 were different between the in vivo and in vitro studies, and also time-dependent. Compared to single insulin group, insulin+wortmannin group increased ALT activity at 6h but reduced T-RNA content at 6 and 12h. AKT2 and S6K1 mRNA levels at 6 and 12h, mRNA levels of mTORC1, 4E-BP1 and eEF2 at 3 and 6h, and EIF-4E mRNA levels at 3 and 12h, PI3KCb and PI3KC2a mRNA levels were significantly lower in insulin+wortmannin group than those in single insulin group. Thus, our study demonstrated that among seven PI3K members, PI3KCb and PI3KC2a were more sensitive to the insulin signaling pathway, and insulin stimulated hepatic protein synthesis in yellow catfish through PI3K signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Qin Zhuo
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yan-Xiong Pan
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kun Wu
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yi-Huan Xu
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province, Changde 415000, China.
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36
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Mohapatra S, Chakraborty T, Reza MAN, Shimizu S, Matsubara T, Ohta K. Short-term starvation and realimentation helps stave off Edwardsiella tarda infection in red sea bream (Pagrus major). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 206:42-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Babaei S, Sáez A, Caballero-Solares A, Fernández F, Baanante IV, Metón I. Effect of dietary macronutrients on the expression of cholecystokinin, leptin, ghrelin and neuropeptide Y in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 240:121-128. [PMID: 27725144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine factors released from the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, adipose tissue and other peripheral organs mediate the regulation of food intake. Although many studies have evaluated the effect of fed-to-starved transition on the expression of appetite-related genes, little is known about how the expression of appetite-regulating peptides is regulated by the macronutrient composition of the diet. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of diet composition and nutritional status on the expression of four peptides involved in food intake control in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata): neuropeptide Y (NPY), ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK) and leptin. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR showed that high protein/low carbohydrate diets stimulated the expression of CCK and ghrelin in the intestine and leptin in the adipose tissue, while downregulation of ghrelin and NPY mRNA levels was observed in the brain. Opposite effects were found for the expression of the four genes in fish fed low protein/high carbohydrate diets or after long-term starvation. Our findings indicate that the expression pattern of appetite-regulating peptides, particularly CCK and ghrelin, is modulated by the nutritional status and diet composition in S. aurata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Babaei
- Fisheries Departament, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Noor 46417-76488, Iran
| | - Alberto Sáez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Caballero-Solares
- Departament d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felipe Fernández
- Departament d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel V Baanante
- Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isidoro Metón
- Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Babaei S, Abedian Kenari A, Hedayati M, Yazdani Sadati MA, Metón I. Effect of diet composition on growth performance, hepatic metabolism and antioxidant activities in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii, Brandt, 1869) submitted to starvation and refeeding. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2016; 42:1509-1520. [PMID: 27216494 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0236-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Many fish species undergo natural starvation periods. Adaptation to starvation is possible through the activation of behavioral, biochemical and physiological mechanisms. Knowledge of the effect of dietary nutrients on the intermediary metabolism during starvation and refeeding can be useful to improve fish health and optimize aquaculture production. To analyze the effect of dietary nutrients on liver metabolism of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) submitted to starvation and refeeding, four isoenergetic diets differing in nutrient composition were designed: LP-St (38 % protein, 12 % lipid, 36 % carbohydrate), HP-St (44 % protein, 10 % lipid, 30 % carbohydrate), LP-L (38 % protein, 18 % lipid, 25 % carbohydrate) and HP-L (44 % protein, 16 % lipid, 22 % carbohydrate). Four groups of fish were fed 3 weeks to satiety with the corresponding diet, starved for 2 weeks and then refeed 5 weeks to satiety on the same diet. Starvation mobilized the hepatic lipid store to a greater extent than glycogen. Starvation increased superoxide dismutase activity irrespective of the diet, while low protein diets (LP-St and LP-L) increased catalase activity. The oxidative damage decreased after 5 weeks of refeeding. Refeeding the starved fish on the HP-St diet promoted the greatest growth performance. In addition to reporting for the first time the effect of diet composition on growth, liver composition and antioxidant activities in Siberian sturgeon submitted to starvation and refeeding, our findings suggest that refeeding on HP-St diet stimulated the use of dietary carbohydrates and allowed a protein sparing effect in Siberian sturgeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Babaei
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. BOX 64414-356, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Abdolmohammad Abedian Kenari
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. BOX 64414-356, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Isidoro Metón
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Bucking C. A broader look at ammonia production, excretion, and transport in fish: a review of impacts of feeding and the environment. J Comp Physiol B 2016; 187:1-18. [PMID: 27522221 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-016-1026-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
For nearly a century, researchers have studied ammonia production and excretion in teleost fish. Stemming from past investigations a body of knowledge now exists on various aspects including biochemical mechanisms of ammonia formation and specific routes and tissues used for ammonia transport, culminating in a current detailed theoretical model of branchial transport, including the molecular identities of the moieties involved. However, typical studies examining ammonia balance use routine laboratory conditions and fasted fish. While avoiding additional variables that influence nitrogen balance, these studies are arguably idealistic and do not reflect the natural variety of conditions that fish encounter. Further studies have revealed the impacts of extrinsic factors (e.g. salinity, pH, temperature) on ammonia handling in fasted fish whereas others have explored intrinsic factors, such as life history and developmental impacts. One routine challenge for ammonia balance that fish encounter is feeding and digestion. Fortunately, many new studies have revealed the impact of feeding and digestion on several aspects of ammonia balance; from production to excretion and to transport, and several have done so incorporating supplemental extrinsic and/or intrinsic factors. Together, these complex studies reveal realistic responses to multifactorial challenges encountered by animals in the wild and begin to provide a holistic view of ammonia balance in freshwater teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Bucking
- Department of Biology, Farquharson Life Science Building, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
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Furné M, García-Gallego M, Hidalgo MC, Sanz A. Effect of dietary macronutrient proportion on intermediate metabolism and oxidative status in sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii) and trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): comparative study. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2016; 42:1237-1248. [PMID: 26970754 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0213-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Three isoenergetic diets varying the proportion of dietary energy supplied by each of the macronutrients (carbohydrate, lipid, or protein) were delivered, to farmed sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii) and trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), to test the possible effects on the intermediate metabolism and oxidative status in liver, white muscle, and heart. In trout, there is an adaptive metabolic response to an increase in lipids and carbohydrates in the diet. However, this does not happen in the sturgeon. These differences may be due to different dietary habits of both species. In terms of oxidative status, only the liver displayed oxidative stress in both species, showing an increase in the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities after feeding with the high-lipid and high-protein diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Furné
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - M García-Gallego
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - M C Hidalgo
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - A Sanz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
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Xu J, Wu P, Jiang WD, Liu Y, Jiang J, Kuang SY, Tang L, Tang WN, Zhang YA, Zhou XQ, Feng L. Optimal dietary protein level improved growth, disease resistance, intestinal immune and physical barrier function of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 55:64-87. [PMID: 27211261 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary proteins on the growth, disease resistance, intestinal immune and physical barrier functions of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 young grass carp (264.11 ± 0.76 g) were fed six diets containing graded levels of protein (143.1, 176.7, 217.2, 257.5, 292.2 and 322.8 g digestible protein kg(-1) diet) for 8 weeks. After the growth trial, fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila and mortalities were recorded for 14 days. The results indicated that optimal dietary protein levels: increased the production of antibacterial components, up-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokines, inhibitor of κBα, target of rapamycin and ribosomal protein S6 kinases 1 mRNA levels, whereas down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) P65, NF-κB P52, c-Rel, IκB kinase β, IκB kinase γ and eIF4E-binding proteins 2 mRNA levels in three intestinal segments of young grass carp (P < 0.05), suggesting that optimal dietary protein level could enhance fish intestinal immune barrier function; up-regulated the mRNA levels of tight junction complexes, B-cell lymphoma protein-2, inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, myeloid cell leukemia-1 and NF-E2-related factor 2, and increased the activities and mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes, whereas down-regulated myosin light chain kinase, cysteinyl aspartic acid-protease 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, fatty acid synthetase ligand, apoptotic protease activating factor-1, Bcl-2 associated X protein, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase and Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1b mRNA levels, and decreased reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl contents in three intestinal segments of young grass carp (P < 0.05), indicating that optimal dietary protein level could improve fish intestinal physical barrier function. Finally, the optimal dietary protein levels for the growth performance (PWG) and against enteritis morbidity of young grass carp were estimated to be 286.82 g kg(-1) diet (250.66 g digestible protein kg(-1) diet) and 292.10 g kg(-1) diet (255.47 g digestible protein kg(-1) diet), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Wu-Neng Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Viegas I, Jarak I, Rito J, Carvalho RA, Metón I, Pardal MA, Baanante IV, Jones JG. Effects of dietary carbohydrate on hepatic de novo lipogenesis in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). J Lipid Res 2016; 57:1264-72. [PMID: 27247346 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m067850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Farmed seabass have higher adiposity than their wild counterparts and this is often attributed to carbohydrate (CHO) feeding. Whether this reflects a reduction in fat oxidation, increased de novo lipogenesis (DNL), or both, is not known. To study the effects of high CHO diets on hepatic TG biosynthesis, hepatic TG deuterium ((2)H) enrichment was determined following 6 days in (2)H-enriched tank water for fish fed with a no-CHO control diet (CTRL), and diets with digestible starch (DS) and raw starch (RS). Hepatic fractional synthetic rates (FSRs, percent per day(-1)) were calculated for hepatic TG-glyceryl and FA moieties through (2)H NMR analysis. Glyceryl FSRs exceeded FA FSRs in all cases, indicating active cycling. DS fish did not show increased lipogenic potential compared to CTRL. RS fish had lower glyceryl FSRs compared with the other diets and negligible levels of FA FSRs despite similar hepatic TG levels to CTRL. DS-fed fish showed higher activity for enzymes that can provide NADPH for lipogenesis, relative to CTRL in the case of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and relative to RS for both G6PDH and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. This approach indicated that elevated hepatic adiposity from DS feeding was not attributable to increased DNL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Viegas
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal Center for Functional Ecology, Department Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ivana Jarak
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Rito
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal Center for Functional Ecology, Department Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui A Carvalho
- Center for Functional Ecology, Department Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isidoro Metón
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel A Pardal
- Center for Functional Ecology, Department Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel V Baanante
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - John G Jones
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
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43
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Speers-Roesch B, Callaghan NI, MacCormack TJ, Lamarre SG, Sykes AV, Driedzic WR. Enzymatic capacities of metabolic fuel use in cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) and responses to food deprivation: insight into the metabolic organization and starvation survival strategy of cephalopods. J Comp Physiol B 2016; 186:711-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-016-0991-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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D’Agaro E, Lanari D. Effects of dietary energy content on the voluntary feed intake and blood parameters of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2003.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edo D’Agaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Produzione Animale. Università di Udine, Italy
| | - Domenico Lanari
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Produzione Animale. Università di Udine, Italy
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45
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González JD, Silva-Marrero JI, Metón I, Caballero-Solares A, Viegas I, Fernández F, Miñarro M, Fàbregas A, Ticó JR, Jones JG, Baanante IV. Chitosan-Mediated shRNA Knockdown of Cytosolic Alanine Aminotransferase Improves Hepatic Carbohydrate Metabolism. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 18:85-97. [PMID: 26475146 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-015-9670-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) catalyses a transamination reaction that links carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. In this study, we examined the effect of silencing cytosolic ALT (cALT) expression on the hepatic metabolism in Sparus aurata. A number of siRNA and shRNA designed to down-regulate cALT expression were validated in HEK-293 cells transfected with plasmids expressing S. aurata cALT or mitochondrial ALT (mALT) isoforms: ALT silencing significantly decreased the expression levels of S. aurata mRNA cALT1 to 62% (siRNA) and 48% (shRNA) of the values observed in control cells. The effect of cALT silencing was analysed in the liver of S. aurata 72 h after intraperitoneal injection of chitosan-tripolyphosphate (TPP) nanoparticles complexed with a plasmid encoding a shRNA to down-regulate cALT expression (pCpG-si1sh1). In fish fed diets with different ratio of protein to carbohydrate and treated with chitosan-TPP-pCpG-si1sh1, cALT1 and cALT2 mRNA levels significantly decreased irrespective of the diet. Consistently, ALT activity decreased in liver of treated animals. In the liver of S. aurata treated with chitosan-TPP-pCpG-si1sh1 nanoparticles, down-regulation of cALT expression increased the activity of key enzymes in glycolysis (6-phosphofructo-1-kinase and pyruvate kinase) and protein metabolism (glutamate dehydrogenase). Besides showing for the first time that administration of chitosan-TPP-pCpG-si1sh1 nanoparticles silences hepatic cALT expression in vivo, our data support that down-regulation of cALT could improve the use of dietary carbohydrates to obtain energy and spare protein catabolism.
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Pianesso D, Radünz Neto J, da Silva L, Goulart F, Adorian T, Mombach P, Loureiro B, Dalcin M, Rotili D, Lazzari R. Determination of tryptophan requirements for juvenile silver catfish ( Rhamdia quelen ) and its effects on growth performance, plasma and hepatic metabolites and digestive enzymes activity. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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47
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Lovatto NDM, Goulart FR, de Freitas ST, Mombach PI, Loureiro BB, Bender ABB, Boligon AA, Radünz Neto J, da Silva LP. Nutritional evaluation of phosphorylated pumpkin seed (Cucurbita moschata) protein concentrate in silver catfish Rhamdia quelen (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:1557-1567. [PMID: 26377938 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0107-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of replacing fish meal with pumpkin seed meal (PSM) or phosphorylated protein concentrate of pumpkin seed meal (PPCPS) on growth and metabolic responses of silver catfish. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated. Control diet contained fish meal as the main protein source. The treatment groups contained 25 and 50% of either PSM or PPCPS protein replaced the fishmeal protein. A total of 400 silver catfish, with initial mean weight of 24 ± 0.46 g, were distributed into 20 tanks. For data four orthogonal contrasts were applied: control diet versus PSM diets; control diets versus PPCPS diets; control versus other diets; PSM diets versus PPCPS diets. The results indicated that the fish fed PSM diets had lower weight gain when compared to either control diet or PPCPS. The PPCPS do not affect growth and protein efficiency ratio. Lower albumin contents were found for the control diet fish for the contrasts control diet versus PPCPS diet and control diet versus other diets. The hepatic ALAT enzyme activity was higher in the fish fed the control diet (P < 0.05). The hepatic ALP was most active in fish that received the PPCPS diets, when comparing control diet versus PPCPS diets and control diet versus other diets. The hepatosomatic index was higher for fish fed the PPCPS. Our results indicated that PPCPS presents relevant nutritional quality for fish and can replace the fish meal protein up to 50% without affecting growth, PER and intermediate metabolites in silver catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglezi de Menezes Lovatto
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Roraima nº 1000, Cidade Universitária, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Rodrigues Goulart
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Roraima nº 1000, Cidade Universitária, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Silvandro Tonetto de Freitas
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Roraima nº 1000, Cidade Universitária, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Patricia Inês Mombach
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Roraima nº 1000, Cidade Universitária, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno Bianch Loureiro
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Roraima nº 1000, Cidade Universitária, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Betine Beutinger Bender
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Roraima nº 1000, Cidade Universitária, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Aline Augusti Boligon
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Roraima nº 1000, Cidade Universitária, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - João Radünz Neto
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Roraima nº 1000, Cidade Universitária, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Leila Picolli da Silva
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Roraima nº 1000, Cidade Universitária, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
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Contribution of dietary starch to hepatic and systemic carbohydrate fluxes in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). Br J Nutr 2015; 113:1345-54. [PMID: 25989995 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515000574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of partial substitution of dietary protein by digestible starch on endogenous glucose production were evaluated in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). The fractional contribution of dietary carbohydrates v. gluconeogenesis to blood glucose appearance and hepatic glycogen synthesis was quantified in two groups of seabass fed with a diet containing 30% digestible starch (DS) or without a carbohydrate supplement as the control (CTRL). Measurements were performed by transferring the fish to a tank containing water enriched with 5% (2)H2O over the last six feeding days, and quantifying the incorporation of (2)H into blood glucose and hepatic glycogen by (2)H NMR. For CTRL fish, gluconeogenesis accounted for the majority of circulating glucose while for the DS fish, this contribution was significantly lower (CTRL 85 (SEM 4) % v. DS 54 (SEM 2) %; P < 0.001). Hepatic glycogen synthesis via gluconeogenesis (indirect pathway) was also significantly reduced in the DS fish, in both relative (CTRL 100 (SEM 1) % v. DS 72 (SEM 1) %; P < 0.001) and absolute terms (CTRL 28 (SEM 1) v. DS 17 (sem 1) μmol/kg per h; P < 0.001). A major fraction of the dietary carbohydrates that contributed to blood glucose appearance (33 (sem 1) % of the total 47 (SEM 2) %) had undergone exchange with hepatic glucose 6-phosphate. This indicated the simultaneous activity of hepatic glucokinase and glucose 6-phosphatase. In conclusion, supplementation of digestible starch resulted in a significant reduction of gluconeogenic contributions to systemic glucose appearance and hepatic glycogen synthesis.
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Borges P, Valente LMP, Véron V, Dias K, Panserat S, Médale F. High dietary lipid level is associated with persistent hyperglycaemia and downregulation of muscle Akt-mTOR pathway in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis). PLoS One 2014; 9:e102196. [PMID: 25036091 PMCID: PMC4103825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of dietary lipids are incorporated in feeds for most teleost fish to promote growth and reduce nitrogen waste. However, in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) previous studies revealed that increasing the level of dietary lipids above 8% negatively affect growth and nutrient utilization regardless of dietary protein content. It has been shown that glucose regulation and metabolism can be impaired by high dietary fat intake in mammals, but information in teleost fish is scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the possible effect of dietary lipids on glucose metabolism in Senegalese sole with special emphasis on the regulation of proteins involved in the muscle insulin-signalling pathway. Senegalese sole juveniles (29 g) were fed two isonitrogenous diets (53% dry matter) for 88 days. These two diets were one with a high lipid level (∼17%, HL) and a moderate starch content (∼14%, LC), and the other being devoid of fish oil (4% lipid, LL) and with high starch content (∼23%, HC). Surprisingly, feeding Senegalese sole the HL/LC diet resulted in prolonged hyperglycaemia, while fish fed on LL/HC diet restored basal glycaemia 2 h after feeding. The hyperglycaemic phenotype was associated with greater glucose-6-phosphatase activity (a key enzyme of hepatic glucose production) and lower citrate synthase activity in the liver, with significantly higher liver glycogen content. Sole fed on HL/LC diet also had significantly lower hexokinase activity in muscle, although hexokinase activity was low with both dietary treatments. The HL/LC diet was associated with significant reductions in muscle AKT, p70 ribosomal S6-K1 Kinase (S6K-1) and ribosomal protein S6 (S6) 2 h after feeding, suggesting down regulation of the AKT-mTOR nutrient signalling pathway in these fish. The results of this study show for the first time that high level of dietary lipids strongly affects glucose metabolism in Senegalese sole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Borges
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental and ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INRA-UR 1067 Nutrition Métabolisme Aquaculture, Pôle Hydrobiologie, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Luísa M. P. Valente
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental and ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vincent Véron
- INRA-UR 1067 Nutrition Métabolisme Aquaculture, Pôle Hydrobiologie, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Karine Dias
- INRA-UR 1067 Nutrition Métabolisme Aquaculture, Pôle Hydrobiologie, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Stéphane Panserat
- INRA-UR 1067 Nutrition Métabolisme Aquaculture, Pôle Hydrobiologie, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Françoise Médale
- INRA-UR 1067 Nutrition Métabolisme Aquaculture, Pôle Hydrobiologie, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
- * E-mail:
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Viegas I, Caballero-Solares A, Rito J, Giralt M, Pardal MA, Metón I, Jones JG, Baanante IV. Expressional regulation of key hepatic enzymes of intermediary metabolism in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) during food deprivation and refeeding. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2014; 174:38-44. [PMID: 24746983 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that the analysis of mRNA level and activity of key enzymes in amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism in a feeding/fasting/refeeding setting could improve our understanding of how a carnivorous fish, like the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), responds to changes in dietary intake at the hepatic level. To this end cDNA fragments encoding genes for cytosolic and mitochondrial alanine aminotransferase (cALT; mALT), pyruvate kinase (PK), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) were cloned and sequenced. Measurement of mRNA levels through quantitative real-time PCR performed in livers of fasted seabass revealed a significant increase in cALT (8.5-fold induction) while promoting a drastic 45-fold down-regulation of PK in relation to the levels found in fed seabass. These observations were corroborated by enzyme activity meaning that during food deprivation an increase in the capacity of pyruvate generation happened via alanine to offset the reduction in pyruvate derived via glycolysis. After a 3-day refeeding period cALT returned to control levels while PK was not able to rebound. No alterations were detected in the expression levels of G6PDH while 6PGDH was revealed to be more sensitive specially to fasting, as confirmed by a significant 5.7-fold decrease in mRNA levels with no recovery after refeeding. Our results indicate that in early stages of refeeding, the liver prioritized the restoration of systemic normoglycemia and replenishment of hepatic glycogen. In a later stage, once regular feeding is re-established, dietary fuel may then be channeled to glycolysis and de novo lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Viegas
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; CFE - Center for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martins de Freitas 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Albert Caballero-Solares
- Departament d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - João Rito
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; CFE - Center for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martins de Freitas 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marina Giralt
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel A Pardal
- CFE - Center for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martins de Freitas 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isidoro Metón
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - John G Jones
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel V Baanante
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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