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Dai H, Huang Z, Shi F, Li S, Zhang Y, Wu H, Lv Z. Effects of maternal hawthorn-leaf flavonoid supplementation on the intestinal development of offspring chicks. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103969. [PMID: 39047316 PMCID: PMC11318554 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders in maternal generation during the late egg-laying period have adverse effects on neonatal development. The study was conducted to clarify the effects of maternal feeding of hawthorn-leaf flavonoid (HF) on the microbial community and intestinal development of chicks. Breeder hens were fed a basic corn-soybean diet, while the treatment groups were supplemented with 30 or 60 mg/kg HF. The offspring chicks were divided into CON, LHF, and HHF groups according to the maternal treatments. Maternal HF supplementation at 60 mg/kg increased the average daily gain and decreased the feed conversion rate of chicks (P < 0.05), but did not affect the average daily feed intake. HF treatments increased the villus height to crypt depth ratio and up-regulated the protein expressions of PCNA, IGF-1R, PI3K and p-mTOR in the jejunum (P < 0.05) of 1-day-old and 14-day-old chicks. Additionally, maternal HF treatment up-regulated the mRNA expression of tight junction transmembrane proteins (occludin) and scaffolding proteins (ZO-1 and ZO-2) in the jejunum of 1-day-old chicks (P < 0.05). Moreover, the maternal effects of HF on ZO-1 expression could last for 14 d (P < 0.05). Interestingly, dietary HF supplementation altered the vertically transmitted microbial community from breeder hens to chicks, especially increased the relative abundance of probiotics (i.e., Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1) in the meconium of chicks (P < 0.05), which may help with early gut microbiota colonization and intestinal development. In summary, dietary HF supplementation for breeder hens altered the bacterial community of neonates and might promote intestinal development of chicks through the IGF-1R/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, SKLANF, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhenwu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, SKLANF, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fangxiong Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Simeng Li
- College of Biotechnology, Aksu Vocational and Technical College, Aksu 843000, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Haoze Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zengpeng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, SKLANF, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Nilsen M, Nygaard UC, Brodin P, Carlsen KCL, Fredheim C, Haugen G, Hedlin G, Jonassen CM, Jonsmoen ULA, Lakshmikanth T, Nordlund B, Olin A, Rehbinder EM, Skjerven HO, Snipen L, Staff AC, Söderhäll C, Vettukattil R, Rudi K. Gut bacteria at 6 months of age are associated with immune cell status in 1-year-old children. Scand J Immunol 2024; 99:e13346. [PMID: 39007947 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Age-related gut bacterial changes during infancy have been widely studied, but it remains still unknown how these changes are associated with immune cell composition. This study's aim was to explore if the temporal development of gut bacteria during infancy prospectively affects immune cell composition. Faecal bacteria and short-chain fatty acids were analysed from 67 PreventADALL study participants at four timepoints (birth to 12 months) using reduced metagenome sequencing and gas chromatography. Immune cell frequencies were assessed using mass cytometry in whole blood samples at 12 months. The infants clustered into four groups based on immune cell composition: clusters 1 and 2 showed a high relative abundance of naïve cells, cluster 3 exhibited increased abundance of classical- and non-classical monocytes and clusters 3 and 4 had elevated neutrophil levels. At all age groups, we did observe significant associations between the gut microbiota and immune cell clusters; however, these were generally from low abundant species. Only at 6 months of age we observed significant associations between abundant (>8%) species and immune cell clusters. Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Porphyromonadaceae are associated with cluster 1, while Bacteroides fragilis and Bifidobacterium longum are associated with clusters 3 and 4 respectively. These species have been linked to T-cell polarization and maturation. No significant correlations were found between short-chain fatty acids and immune cell composition. Our findings suggest that abundant gut bacteria at 6 months may influence immune cell frequencies at 12 months, highlighting the potential role of gut microbiota in shaping later immune cell composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Nilsen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Unni Cecilie Nygaard
- Section for Immunology, Department of Method Development and Analytics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Petter Brodin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Karin Cecilie Lødrup Carlsen
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cecilie Fredheim
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Guttorm Haugen
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunilla Hedlin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christine Monceyron Jonassen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- Genetic Unit, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Kalnes, Norway
| | | | | | - Björn Nordlund
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Axel Olin
- Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Eva Maria Rehbinder
- Department of Dermatology and Vaenorology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håvard O Skjerven
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Snipen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Anne Cathrine Staff
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cilla Söderhäll
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Riyas Vettukattil
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Rudi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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3
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Patel D, Munhoz J, Goruk S, Tsai S, Richard C, Field CJ. Maternal diet supplementation with high-docosahexaenoic-acid canola oil, along with arachidonic acid, promotes immune system development in allergy-prone BALB/c mouse offspring at 3 weeks of age. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:2399-2413. [PMID: 37106253 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the effects of feeding docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, derived from novel canola oil), with same amount of arachidonic acid (ARA), supplemented diet to lactating dams on the immune system development of suckled offspring using a T helper type-2 (Th2)-dominant BALB/c mouse. METHODS Dams received nutritionally complete control (no ARA or DHA) or DHA + ARA diet (1% DHA and 1% ARA of total fatty acids) from 5 days pre-parturition to the end of 3-week suckling period. After euthanization, relevant tissues were collected to study fatty acids, splenocyte phenotype and function (ex vivo cytokines with/without lipopolysaccharide (LPS, bacterial challenge) or phorbol myristate acetate + ionomycin (PMAi) stimulation). RESULTS Feeding dams a DHA diet significantly increased the mammary gland milk phospholipid concentration of DHA and ARA. This resulted in 60% higher DHA levels in splenocyte phospholipids of the pups although ARA levels showed no difference. In dams fed DHA diet, significantly higher proportion of CD27+ cytotoxic T cell (CTL) and CXCR3+ CCR6- Th (enriched in Th1) were observed than control, but there were no differences in the splenocyte function upon PMAi (non-specific lymphocyte stimulant) stimulation. Pups from DHA-fed dams showed significantly higher IL-1β, IFN-γ and TNF-α (inflammatory cytokines) by LPS-stimulated splenocytes. This may be due to higher proportion of CD86+ macrophages and B cells (all p's < 0.05) in these pups, which may influence T cell polarization. CONCLUSION Plant-based source of DHA in maternal diet resulted in higher ex vivo production of inflammatory cytokines by splenocytes due to change in their phenotype, and this can skew T cell towards Th1 response in a Th2-dominant BALB/c mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruvesh Patel
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jaqueline Munhoz
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Susan Goruk
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sue Tsai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Caroline Richard
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Effect of supplementation with select human milk oligosaccharides on artificially reared newborn rats. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:1906-1916. [PMID: 34963503 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521005146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Early life nutrition fundamentally influences neonatal development and health. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are key components of breast milk but not standard infant formula that support the establishment of the newborn gut microbiota. Using an artificial rearing system, our objective was to test the effect of two HMO on the whole body and organ growth, adiposity, glucose tolerance and faecal microbiota in young rat pups. From postnatal days 4 to 21, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomised to receive one of: (1) CTR (rat milk substitute); (2) 2'FL (CTR + 1·2 g/l 2'-fucosyllactose); (3) 3'SL (CTR + 1·2 g/l 3'-sialyllactose) and (4) 2'FL + 3'SL (CTR + 0·6 g/l 2'-FL + 0·6 g/l 3'-SL). Body weight (BW), bowel movements and food intake were monitored daily, faecal samples collected each week and oral glucose tolerance, body composition and organ weight measured at weaning. No significant differences were observed between groups in growth performance, body composition, organ weight and abundance of dominant faecal microbes. A decreased relative abundance of genus Proteus in week 1 faecal samples and Terrisporobacter in week 3 faecal samples (P < 0·05) was suggestive of a potential pathogen inhibitory effect of 3'SL. Longitudinal changes in the faecal microbiota of artificially reared suckling rats were primarily governed by age (P = 0·001) and not affected by the presence of 2'-FL and/or 3'-SL in rat milk substitutes (P = 0·479). Considering the known protective effects of HMO, further investigation of supplementation with these and other HMO in models of premature birth, extremely low BW or malnutrition may show more pronounced outcomes.
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Calder PC, Ortega EF, Meydani SN, Adkins Y, Stephensen CB, Thompson B, Zwickey H. Nutrition, Immunosenescence, and Infectious Disease: An Overview of the Scientific Evidence on Micronutrients and on Modulation of the Gut Microbiota. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:S1-S26. [PMID: 36183242 PMCID: PMC9526826 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is key to host defense against pathogenic organisms. Aging is associated with changes in the immune system, with a decline in protective components (immunosenescence), increasing susceptibility to infectious disease, and a chronic elevation in low-grade inflammation (inflammaging), increasing the risk of multiple noncommunicable diseases. Nutrition is a determinant of immune cell function and of the gut microbiota. In turn, the gut microbiota shapes and controls the immune and inflammatory responses. Many older people show changes in the gut microbiota. Age-related changes in immune competence, low-grade inflammation, and gut dysbiosis may be interlinked and may relate, at least in part, to age-related changes in nutrition. A number of micronutrients (vitamins C, D, and E and zinc and selenium) play roles in supporting the function of many immune cell types. Some trials report that providing these micronutrients as individual supplements can reverse immune deficits in older people and/or in those with insufficient intakes. There is inconsistent evidence that this will reduce the risk or severity of infections including respiratory infections. Probiotic, prebiotic, or synbiotic strategies that modulate the gut microbiota, especially by promoting the colonization of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, have been demonstrated to modulate some immune and inflammatory biomarkers in older people and, in some cases, to reduce the risk and severity of gastrointestinal and respiratory infections, although, again, the evidence is inconsistent. Further research with well-designed and well-powered trials in at-risk older populations is required to be more certain about the role of micronutrients and of strategies that modify the gut microbiota-host relationship in protecting against infection, especially respiratory infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Edwin Frank Ortega
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer–USDA Human Nutrition Research on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simin N Meydani
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer–USDA Human Nutrition Research on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuriko Adkins
- USDA Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
- Nutrition Department, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Charles B Stephensen
- USDA Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
- Nutrition Department, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Brice Thompson
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Heather Zwickey
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR, USA
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Maternal stevioside supplementation improves intestinal immune function of chicken offspring potentially via modulating gut microbiota and down-regulating the promoter methylation level of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1). ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 10:329-346. [PMID: 35919247 PMCID: PMC9307571 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal immune function of chickens is limited during the early growing stage. Maternal nutritional intervention has been suggested to affect the innate immunity of offspring. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal stevioside supplementation on the intestinal immune function of chicken offspring. A total of 120 Jinmao yellow-feathered breeder hens were fed a basal diet or a diet supplemented with 250 mg/kg stevioside for 5 weeks. During the last week, 200 breeding eggs from each group were collected for incubation. After hatching, 80 male offspring (40 chickens from each group) were randomly selected and fed the same basal diet for 28 d. In addition, 90 well-shaped fertile eggs of non-treated breeder hens were incubated for the in ovo injection experiment. Steviol dissolved in 20% glycerol was injected at 7 d of incubation. The results showed that maternal stevioside supplementation could improve embryonic development, jejunal integrity and proliferation in the jejunal crypt (P < 0.05). Maternal stevioside supplementation could also increase the innate transcription levels of cytokines and endotoxin tolerance-related factors in the jejunum of chicken offspring (P < 0.05). At 28 d of age, the offspring following maternal stevioside supplementation exhibited higher jejunal secretory immunoglobulin A and serum interferons levels (P < 0.05). A higher abundance of Lactobacillales induced by maternal stevioside supplementation was positively correlated with intestinal immune-related factors (P < 0.05). The in ovo injection with steviol did not alter either embryonic development or intestinal immune function of hatching chickens (P > 0.05). Furthermore, maternal stevioside supplementation could induce hypo-methylation on the promoter region of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1). In conclusion, maternal stevioside supplementation could improve the intestinal immune function of chicken offspring potentially via modulating the gut microbiota and down-regulating the promoter methylation level of SOCS1.
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Dorbek-Kolin E, Husso A, Niku M, Loch M, Pessa-Morikawa T, Niine T, Kaart T, Iivanainen A, Orro T. Faecal microbiota in two-week-old female dairy calves during acute cryptosporidiosis outbreak - Association with systemic inflammatory response. Res Vet Sci 2022; 151:116-127. [PMID: 35901524 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, relationships between the intestinal microbiota and innate immunity response, acute cryptosporidiosis, and weight gain in female dairy calves were investigated. A total of 112 calves born during a natural outbreak of cryptosporidiosis on one dairy farm was included in the study. Microbiota composition was analysed by means of 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing from faecal samples collected during the second week of life, while the status of Cryptosporidium spp. infection was determined using immunofluorescence. Serum samples from the second week of life were colourimetrically analysed for the following markers of acute inflammation: acute-phase proteins (serum amyloid A and haptoglobin) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha). Statistical analyses were performed using random forest analysis, variance-partitioning, and negative binomial regression. The faecal microbiota of the two-week old calves was composed of the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Actinobacteria (in order of decreasing abundance). Microbial diversity, measured in terms of the Shannon index, increased with the age of the calves and decreased if a high count of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts was found in the faeces. Fusobacterium was positively associated with Cryptosporidium spp. oocyst count and serum amyloid A concentration. Peptostreptococcus was positively associated with haptoglobin and serum amyloid A concentrations, and negatively associated with average daily weight gain at 9 months of age. The markers of innate immunity, in combination with age, explained 6% of the microbial variation. These results suggest that some components of the intestinal microbiota may have a long-lasting negative effect on animal growth through the stimulation of the systemic innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Dorbek-Kolin
- Veterinary Biomedicine and Food Hygiene, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, 51006 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Aleksi Husso
- Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, P.O. Box 66, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikael Niku
- Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, P.O. Box 66, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marina Loch
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tiina Pessa-Morikawa
- Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, P.O. Box 66, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarmo Niine
- Veterinary Biomedicine and Food Hygiene, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tanel Kaart
- Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Antti Iivanainen
- Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, P.O. Box 66, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Toomas Orro
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
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Gore AM, Satyaraj E, Labuda J, Engler R, Sun P, Kerr W, Conboy-Schmidt L. Supplementation of Diets With Bovine Colostrum Influences Immune and Gut Function in Kittens. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:675712. [PMID: 34447799 PMCID: PMC8383104 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.675712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In its early life a kitten faces many significant events including separation from its mother, re-homing and vaccination. The kitten is also slowly adapting to their post-weaning diet. Recent advances in companion animal nutrition have indicated that functional ingredients such as colostrum can help support the immune system and gastrointestinal health. Here we report for the first time the effect of feeding a diet containing 0.1% spray dried bovine colostrum (BC) to growing kittens on gut-associated lymphoid (GALT) tissue responses, systemic immune responses, and on intestinal microbiota stability. BC supplementation induced increased faecal IgA expression, and a faster and stronger antibody response to a rabies vaccine booster, indicative of better localised and systemic immune function, respectively. BC supplementation also helped to maintain kittens' intestinal microbiota stability in the face of a mildly challenging life event. These results show that BC supplementation can help strengthen the immune system and enhance the gut microbiota stability of growing kittens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asa M Gore
- Nestlé Purina Research, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | | | - Jeff Labuda
- Nestlé Purina Research, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Robyn Engler
- Nestlé Purina Research, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Peichuan Sun
- Nestlé Purina Research, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Wendell Kerr
- Nestlé Purina Research, Saint Louis, MO, United States
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Liu A, Lin L, Xu W, Gong Z, Liu Z, Xiao W. L-Theanine regulates glutamine metabolism and immune function by binding to cannabinoid receptor 1. Food Funct 2021; 12:5755-5769. [PMID: 34037653 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00505g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
l-Theanine is a characteristic amino acid in tea with various effects including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Previously, most studies had reported that l-theanine regulates the immune function in vivo by inhibiting the expression of the inflammatory factors, but how l-theanine regulates the inflammatory factors' pathway is not known. In this study, we innovatively found the binding target of l-theanine in vivo-cannabinoid receptor 1, and demonstrated that l-theanine regulated the immune function and glutamine metabolism by competitively binding cannabinoid receptor 1. Mechanistically, l-theanine competitively binds cannabinoid receptor 1, leading to inhibition of cannabinoid receptor 1 activity, and regulates glutamine metabolism and immune function in normal and E44813-stressed rats. In normal rats, l-theanine inhibits ERK1/2 phosphorylation through Gβy by antagonizing cannabinoid receptor 1, thus affecting GS expression. From the point of view of immune signaling, after LTA antagonizes the activity of cannabinoid receptor 1, it relieves the inhibition of cannabinoid receptor 1 on COX-2 expression, downregulates Pdcd4 expression and NFκB, and ultimately enhances the expression of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10. In E44813-stressed rats, l-theanine promotes the nuclear translocation of p-ERK1/2 by inhibiting the activity of cannabinoid receptor 1, and finally acts on GS. At the same time, it decreases the expression of the pro-inflammatory factor TNF-α and increases the expression of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 in stressed rats through the COX2-Pdcd4-NFκB-IL10 and TNFα pathways. In summary, these results demonstrate that l-theanine regulates glutamine metabolism and immune function by competitively binding to cannabinoid receptor 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Liu
- Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China. and National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China and Hunan Agricultural University, Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China. and National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China and Hunan Agricultural University, Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China. and National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China and Hunan Agricultural University, Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Zhihua Gong
- Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China. and National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China and Hunan Agricultural University, Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China. and National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China and Hunan Agricultural University, Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Wenjun Xiao
- Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China. and National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China and Hunan Agricultural University, Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
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10
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The critical roles of iron during the journey from fetus to adolescent: Developmental aspects of iron homeostasis. Blood Rev 2021; 50:100866. [PMID: 34284901 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2021.100866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Iron is indispensable for human life. However, it is also potentially toxic, since it catalyzes the formation of harmful oxidative radicals in unbound form and may facilitate pathogen growth. Therefore, iron homeostasis needs to be tightly regulated. Rapid growth and development require large amounts of iron, while (especially young) children are vulnerable to infections with iron-dependent pathogens due to an immature immune system. Moreover, unbalanced iron status early in life may have effects on the nervous system, immune system and gut microbiota that persist into adulthood. In this narrative review, we assess the critical roles of iron for growth and development and elaborate how the body adapts to physiologically high iron demands during the journey from fetus to adolescent. As a first step towards the development of clinical guidelines for the management of iron disorders in children, we summarize the unmet needs regarding the developmental aspects of iron homeostasis.
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Flores JA, Coit J, Mendoza M, Leon SR, Konda K, Lecca L, Franke MF. Is exclusive breastfeeding for six-months protective against pediatric tuberculosis? Glob Health Action 2021; 14:1861922. [PMID: 33393436 PMCID: PMC7782219 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2020.1861922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Experts recommend exclusive breastfeeding from birth to six months because it protects against deadly childhood illness, including respiratory tract infections and diarrhea. We hypothesized that exclusive breastfeeding would decrease the risk of active tuberculosis (TB) in children. We analyzed cross-sectional data from 279 children in Lima, Peru aged 6 to 59 months with TB symptoms and a close adult contact with TB. Mothers self-reported breastfeeding, and children were evaluated for TB per national guidelines. To quantify the association between exclusive breastfeeding and TB, we estimated prevalence ratios using a generalized linear model with a log link, binomial distribution, and robust variance. Twenty-two percent of children were diagnosed with TB and 72% were exclusively breastfed for six months. We found no evidence that six months of exclusive breastfeeding was associated with TB disease in either bivariate analyses (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.5; 95%CI = 0.8–2.5) or multivariable analyses adjusting for sex and socioeconomic status (adjusted PR = 1.6; 95%[CI] = 0.9–2.7). In post hoc analyses among children whose close TB contact was their mother, we found evidence of a weak positive association between breastfeeding and TB (aPR = 2.1; 95%[CI] = 0.9–4.9). This association was not apparent among children whose close contact was not the mother (aPR = 1.2; 95%[CI] = 0.6–2.4). Our results raise the possibility that children who are breastfed by mothers with TB may be at increased risk for TB, given the close contact. Due to the cross-sectional study design, these results should be interpreted with caution. If these findings are confirmed in longitudinal analyses, future interventions could aim to minimize TB transmission from mothers with TB to breastfeeding infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Flores
- Escuela Profesional de Tecnología Médica, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista , Lima, Peru.,Facultad de Salud Pública, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia , Lima, Peru
| | - Julia Coit
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Milagros Mendoza
- Direction of Research, Socios En Salud at Partners in Health , Lima, Peru
| | - Segundo R Leon
- Escuela Profesional de Tecnología Médica, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista , Lima, Peru
| | - Kelika Konda
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California , Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Center for Interdisciplinary Studies in Sexuality, AIDS and Society, and Laboratory of Sexual Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia , Lima, Peru
| | - Leonid Lecca
- Direction of Research, Socios En Salud at Partners in Health , Lima, Peru
| | - Molly F Franke
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
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Rousseaux A, Brosseau C, Le Gall S, Piloquet H, Barbarot S, Bodinier M. Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Their Effects on the Host and Their Potential as Therapeutic Agents. Front Immunol 2021; 12:680911. [PMID: 34108974 PMCID: PMC8180913 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.680911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breastmilk is known to be very important for infants because it provides nutrients and immunological compounds. Among these compounds, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) represent the third most important component of breastmilk after lipids and lactose. Several experiments demonstrated the beneficial effects of these components on the microbiota, the immune system and epithelial barriers, which are three major biological systems. Indeed, HMOs induce bacterial colonization in the intestinal tract, which is beneficial for health. The gut bacteria can act directly and indirectly on the immune system by stimulating innate immunity and controlling inflammatory reactions and by inducing an adaptive immune response and a tolerogenic environment. In parallel, HMOs directly strengthen the intestinal epithelial barrier, protecting the host against pathogens. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of HMOs in these different compartments and highlight their potential use as new therapeutic agents, especially in allergy prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Rousseaux
- INRAE, Biopolyméres Interactions Assemblages, Nantes, France
| | - Carole Brosseau
- INRAE, Biopolyméres Interactions Assemblages, Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Le Gall
- INRAE, Biopolyméres Interactions Assemblages, Nantes, France.,INRAE, Bioressources: Imagerie, Biochimie & Structure, Nantes, France
| | - Hugues Piloquet
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, UMR1280 PhAN, Nantes, France
| | | | - Marie Bodinier
- INRAE, Biopolyméres Interactions Assemblages, Nantes, France
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Effects of essential oil on growth performance, digestibility, immunity, and intestinal health in broilers. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101242. [PMID: 34174571 PMCID: PMC8242051 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EO) are concentrated hydrophobic liquids containing volatile aromatic compounds obtained from plants, which have properties as withdrawn antibiotic growth promoters. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of EO on growth performance, digestibility, immunity and intestinal health in broilers. A total of 500 1-day-old Arbor Acre broilers were randomly put into five groups with 10 replicate cages containing 10 birds each. Birds in the 5 groups were fed a basal diet (CON), and basal diet with 50, 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg EO (EO0.5, EO1, EO2 and EO4) for 42 d respectively. Birds were euthanized at 21d and 42 d, blood and tissue samples were collected. In the study, the digestibility of DM, GE and EE in groups with EO supplementation were significantly increased compared with CON group (P < 0.05). However, only EO2 and EO4 significantly increased the digestibility of CP compared with CON group (P < 0.05). In contrast to CON group, EO0.5 and EO1 in jejunum at 21 d, and EO1 in jejunum at 42 d markedly increased the activity of sucrase (P < 0.05). In addition, the level of SOD of EO2 and EO4 in serum at 21 d was significantly increased compared with CON group (P < 0.05). What's more, the concentration of intestinal mucosa SIgA in jejunum and ileum at 21 d of groups with EO supplementation was significantly increased compared with CON group (P < 0.05). Moreover, V/C in jejunum at 21 d of groups with EO supplementation, CD in jejunum at 42 d was also significantly increased to compare with CON group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the expression levels of critical genes associated with nutrient transportation (i.e., GLUT2, SGLT1, SLC38A, SLC79A and SLC27A4) and barrier function (TJP1) were quadratically and linearly up-regulated in jejunum and ileum with EO supplementation (P < 0.05). These results suggest that EO has a positive impact on growth, immunity and intestinal health in broilers, and 200 mg/kg of EO was recommended in broiler diet.
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Kaiser-Thom S, Hilty M, Gerber V. Effects of hypersensitivity disorders and environmental factors on the equine intestinal microbiota. Vet Q 2021; 40:97-107. [PMID: 32189583 PMCID: PMC7170319 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2020.1745317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent evidence suggests that an altered intestinal microbiota, specifically a reduction of bacterial diversity or a shift in microbial composition, is associated with the development of hypersensitivity disorders in humans, but this is unknown for horses. Objectives In this study we hypothesized that horses affected by either Culicoides hypersensitivity or severe equine asthma or both show a decreased diversity of their intestinal microbiota. We also investigated environmental effects. Methods Rectal swab samples of a total of 140 horses were collected and the owners completed a detailed questionnaire about their horse. For each allergic horse, a healthy peer from the same stable was equally sampled as an environmentally matched control. Microbiota in the swabs was determined by assessing the V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Structures of bacterial communities were investigated by means of alpha and beta diversity indices. Results Group wise comparisons between healthy and allergic horses showed no significant differences regarding alpha (p = 0.9) and beta diversity (p = 0.5). However, the microbial structure was associated with environmental factors such as the type of stable (p = 0.001), access to pasture (p = 0.001) or the type of feeding (p = 0.003). There was also a strong location effect meaning that the microbiota was more similar within the same as compared between farms within this study. Conclusion Our observations suggest that hypersensitivity disorders in adult horses are not associated with an alteration of the intestinal microbiota, but environmental and/or location factors strongly influence these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kaiser-Thom
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine (ISME), Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, and Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Hilty
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - V Gerber
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine (ISME), Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, and Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
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Shi Z, Wang Y, Ye W, Lin Z, Deng T, Zhang T, Zhao J, Tong Y, Shan Y, Chen G. The LipoxinA4 receptor agonist BML-111 ameliorates intestinal disruption following acute pancreatitis through the Nrf2-regulated antioxidant pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 163:379-391. [PMID: 33383086 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is characterized by excessive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and provokes multiorgan dysfunction. Disruption of the intestinal epithelium often occurs during and following acute pancreatitis and may aggravate systemic organ injuries. Although it has been widely investigated, to date, there is no satisfactory clinical therapy to restore the inflammatory damage. BML-111 is an endogenous lipid mediator that is analogous to LipoxinA4. It has been shown that BML-111 has a stable and potent anti-inflammatory ability. However, it is unclear whether BML-111 is involved in the process of relieving acute pancreatitis and its induced intestinal barrier damage, and the underlying mechanism of this effect. Here, we demonstrated that BML-111 could enhance the expression of E-cadherin, alleviate apoptosis, and mitigate the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in intestinal epithelial cells, thereby contributing to the anti-inflammatory efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, BML-111 upregulates the expression of Nrf2, which is a key regulator of the antioxidant response, and activates its downstream HO-1/NQO-1 pathway to protect against oxidative stress-induced cell death and tissue injury, consequently ameliorating pancreatitis and intestinal epithelium injury. In Nrf2-deficient cell and Nrf2-knockout mouse models, the depletion of Nrf2 blocked BML-111-induced antioxidant effects and thus was unable to exert protective effects in tissue. Taken together, BML-111 attenuated AP-related intestinal injury via an Nrf2-dependent antioxidant mechanism. Targeting this pathway is a potential therapeutic approach for AP-related intestinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhehao Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Zixia Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Tuo Deng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Tan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jungang Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yifan Tong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yunfeng Shan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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Liao L, Li J, Li J, Huang Y, Wu Y. Effects of Astragalus polysaccharides on intestinal morphology and intestinal immune cells of Muscovy ducklings infected with Muscovy duck reovirus. Poult Sci 2021; 100:64-72. [PMID: 33357708 PMCID: PMC7772699 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscovy duck reovirus (MDRV) infection induces serious immunosuppression and intestinal injury in Muscovy ducklings with a high morbidity and mortality, and Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) pretreatment could efficiently protect ducklings from MDRV infection, although the underlying immunoregulatory mechanisms remain unclear. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate effects of APS on the intestinal mucosal immunity in MDRV-infected Muscovy ducklings. A total of 190 1-day-old healthy Muscovy ducklings were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n = 50): normal control group, APS pretreatment for MDRV-infected group, and cohabitation infection group, then pretreated with 0.6 g/L APS or only drinking water followed by MDRV cohabitation infection with the remaining 40 artificially infected ducklings, respectively. At the 2, 3, 4, 6, 9 and 15 d after cohabitation infection, the intestinal samples were prepared to measure intestinal parameters including villus length, villus length/crypt depth (V/C) ratio, and wall thickness, together with counts of intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) and goblet cell (GC) by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Meanwhile, ileal secretory IgA (sIgA) and duodenal cytokine levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-15, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interferon gamma were detected by the ELISA and radioimmunoassay, respectively. The results showed that APS significantly improved intestinal injuries of villi length, V/C ratio, and wall thickness of the small intestine infected with MDRV, effectively inhibited the reduction of IEL and GC caused by MDRV infection, subsequently increased sIgA and all the cytokine secretions at most time points, suggesting that APS pretreatment can effectively stimulate mucosal immune function by improving intestinal morphology and repair MDRV caused injures of small intestinal mucosal immune barrier in infected ducklings. Our findings lay the foundation for further application of APS in prevention and treatment of MDRV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvyan Liao
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Huang
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijian Wu
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China.
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Thorsteinsson M, Martin H, Larsen T, Sehested J, Vestergaard M. The effects of supplementation of yeast ( Saccharomyces
cerevisiae) and postbiotic from Lactobacillus acidophilus on the health and growth performance
of young Jersey heifer calves. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/127447/2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Walsh C, Lane JA, van Sinderen D, Hickey RM. Human milk oligosaccharides: Shaping the infant gut microbiota and supporting health. J Funct Foods 2020; 72:104074. [PMID: 32834834 PMCID: PMC7332462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are complex sugars which are found in breast milk at significant concentrations and with unique structural diversity. These sugars are the fourth most abundant component of human milk after water, lipids, and lactose and yet provide no direct nutritional value to the infant. Recent research has highlighted that HMOs have various functional roles to play in infant development. These sugars act as prebiotics by promoting growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria thereby generating short-chain fatty acids which are critical for gut health. HMOs also directly modulate host-epithelial immune responses and can selectively reduce binding of pathogenic bacteria and viruses to the gut epithelium preventing the emergence of a disease. This review covers current knowledge related to the functional biology of HMOs and their associated impact on infant gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clodagh Walsh
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61C996 Co. Cork, Ireland
- H&H Group, Global Research and Technology Centre, P61 C996 Co. Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute and School of Microbiology, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jonathan A. Lane
- H&H Group, Global Research and Technology Centre, P61 C996 Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- APC Microbiome Institute and School of Microbiology, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Rita M. Hickey
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61C996 Co. Cork, Ireland
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Melandri M, Aiudi GG, Caira M, Alonge S. A Biotic Support During Pregnancy to Strengthen the Gastrointestinal Performance in Puppies. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:417. [PMID: 32851009 PMCID: PMC7417339 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Up to 60% of neonates can be affected by gastroenteritis due to specific pathogens or aspecific polymicrobial interactions. The present study evaluated if a dietary supplementation with MOS, FOS, E. faecium and L. acidophilus in pregnancy may reduce gastroenteritis in puppies. Fifteen Great Danes were divided in 3 groups. The control group (CG) ate a standard diet. In 2 study groups, the diet was supplemented with pre- and probiotics during the last (1WG) and the last 4 pregnancy weeks (4WG). Up to 9 weeks, puppies were checked daily to identify first- or second- presentation gastroenteritis. Data were processed by χ2 (P < 0.05). First-presentation gastroenteritis was more frequent in CG than in 1WG than in 4WG. Second-presentation gastroenteritis was more frequent in CG than in 1 and 4WG. Puppies from pre- and probiotics supplemented bitches were less prone to gastroenteritis. 1 or 4WG equally reduced second-presentation gastroenteritis in puppies, but 4WG was better than 1WG on first-presentation gastroenteritis. By entero-mammary link, supplemented bitches produced higher immune quality colostrum, thus puppies faced immunitary challenges better; moreover, maternal microbiota, positively altered by supplementation, was transferred to newborns, becoming more resistant to gastroenteritis. This information can be useful in clinical practice with the goal of preventing gastroenteritis in puppies and reducing its prevalence and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulio Guido Aiudi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Caira
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Demers-Mathieu V, Huston RK, Dallas DC. Cytokine Expression by Human Macrophage-Like Cells Derived from the Monocytic Cell Line THP-1 Differs Between Treatment With Milk from Preterm- and Term-Delivering Mothers and Pasteurized Donor Milk. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102376. [PMID: 32443898 PMCID: PMC7287623 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulatory proteins from human milk may enhance the protection and development of the infant’s gut. This study compared the immunomodulatory effects of treatment with milk from preterm-(PM) and term-delivering (TM) mothers and pasteurized donor milk (DM) on cytokine gene expression in human macrophage-like cells derived from the monocytic cell line THP-1. The gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12 (p40), IL-10 and GAPDH in macrophages treated with PM, TM and DM at steady and activated (inflammatory) states were measured using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. TNF-α and IL-6 in macrophages (both states) with DM were higher than PM or TM. IL-10 in steady state macrophages with DM was higher than PM whereas DM increased IL-10 in activated macrophages compared with TM. TM increased IL-6 and IL-12 (p40) in steady state macrophages compared with PM. IL-12 (p40) in activated macrophages with TM was higher than PM. IL-10 in steady state macrophages with TM was higher than PM. These results suggest that DM induces higher gene expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages compared with PM or TM. PM reduced gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared with TM, which may decrease the development of necrotizing enterocolitis and systematic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique Demers-Mathieu
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-541-286-8366
| | - Robert K. Huston
- Department of Pediatrics, Randall Children’s Hospital at Legacy Emanuel, Portland, OR 97227, USA; (R.K.H.); (D.C.D.)
| | - David C. Dallas
- Department of Pediatrics, Randall Children’s Hospital at Legacy Emanuel, Portland, OR 97227, USA; (R.K.H.); (D.C.D.)
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Peng X, Wang R, Hu L, Zhou Q, Liu Y, Yang M, Fang Z, Lin Y, Xu S, Feng B, Li J, Jiang X, Zhuo Y, Li H, Wu D, Che L. Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 administration improves the intestinal health and immunity in neonatal piglets infected by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:72. [PMID: 31452881 PMCID: PMC6702752 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0376-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the effects of oral administration of Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 (E. faecium) on intestinal development, immunological parameters and gut microbiota of neonatal piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 (ETEC). A total of 96 1-day-old sow-reared piglets were randomly assigned to 2 groups, with 48 piglets in each group. The piglets were from 16 litters (6 piglets each litter), and 3 piglets each litter were allocated to the E. faecium-supplemented (PRO) group, while the other 3 piglets were allocated to the control (CON) group. After colostrum intake, piglets in the PRO group were orally administrated with 3 × 109 CFU E. faecium per day for a period of one week. On day 8, one piglet per litter from each group was challenged (CON+ETEC, PRO+ETEC) or not (CON-ETEC, PRO-ETEC) with ETEC in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. On day 10 (2 days after challenge), blood and tissue samples were obtained from piglets. Results Before ETEC challenge, there were no significant differences for the average daily gain (ADG) and fecal score between the two groups of piglets. After ETEC challenge, the challenged piglets had greater fecal score compared to the non-challenged piglets, whereas E. faecium administration was able to decrease the fecal score. Piglets challenged with ETEC had shorter villous height, deeper crypt depth, and reduced number of goblet cells in the jejunum and decreased mRNA abundance of claudin-1 in the ileum, whereas increased the percentage of lymphocytes, concentrations of IL-1β in the plasma and TNF-α in the ileal mucosa, as well as increased the mRNA abundances of innate immunity-related genes in the ileum tissue. These deleterious effects caused by ETEC were partly alleviated by feeding E. faecium. In addition, piglets in PRO-ETEC group had decreased the percentage of CD8+ T cells of the peripheral blood when compared to those in CON-ETEC group. Moreover, E. faecium administration increased Verrucomicrobia at phylum level and decreased Bilophila at genus level. Conclusions These results suggest that oral administration of E. faecium alleviated the intestinal injury and diarrhea severity of neonatal piglets challenged by ETEC, partly through improving the intestinal microbiota and immune response. This offers a potential strategy of dietary intervention against intestinal impairment by ETEC in neonatal piglets. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40104-019-0376-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Peng
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People's Republic of China
| | - Ru Wang
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Hu
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yang
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People's Republic of China.,Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Department, Chengdu Agricultural College, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lin
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Feng
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Li
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People's Republic of China
| | - De Wu
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People's Republic of China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130 People's Republic of China
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22
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Ettreiki C, Chango A, Barbezier N, Coeffier M, Anton PM, Delayre-Orthez C. Prevention of Adult Colitis by Oral Ferric Iron in Juvenile Mice Is Associated with the Inhibition of the Tbet Promoter Hypomethylation and Gene Overexpression. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081758. [PMID: 31370166 PMCID: PMC6723685 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential nutrient needed for physiological functions, particularly during the developmental period of the early childhood of at-risk populations. The purpose of this study was to investigate, in an experimental colitis, the consequences of daily oral iron ingestion in the early period on the inflammatory response, the spleen T helper (Th) profiles and the associated molecular mechanisms. Juvenile mice orally received microencapsulated ferric iron or water for 6 weeks. On adult mice, we induced a sham or experimental trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) moderate colitis during the last week of the experiment before sacrificing the animals 7 days later. The severity of the gut inflammation was assessed by macroscopic damage scores (MDS) and the myeloperoxidase activity (MPO). Th profiles were evaluated by the examination of the splenic gene expression of key transcription factors of the Th differentiation (Tbet, Gata3, Foxp3 and RORγ) and the methylation of their respective promoter. While TNBS-induced colitis was associated with a change of the Th profile (notably an increase in the Tbet/Gata3 ratio in the spleen), the colitis-inhibition induced by ferric iron was associated with a limitation of the splenic Th profiles perturbation. The inhibition of the splenic Tbet gene overexpression was associated with an inhibition of promoter hypomethylation. In summary, mice treated by long-term oral ferric iron in the early period of life exhibited an inhibition of colitis associated with the inhibition of the splenic Tbet promoter hypomethylation and gene overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chourouk Ettreiki
- PETALES Team, EA 7519 Transformations & Agro-Resources Research Unit, UniLasalle, F-60026 Beauvais, France
| | - Abalo Chango
- PETALES Team, EA 7519 Transformations & Agro-Resources Research Unit, UniLasalle, F-60026 Beauvais, France
| | - Nicolas Barbezier
- PETALES Team, EA 7519 Transformations & Agro-Resources Research Unit, UniLasalle, F-60026 Beauvais, France
| | - Moise Coeffier
- INSERM UMR 1073, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, F-76183 Rouen, France
| | - Pauline M Anton
- PETALES Team, EA 7519 Transformations & Agro-Resources Research Unit, UniLasalle, F-60026 Beauvais, France
| | - Carine Delayre-Orthez
- PETALES Team, EA 7519 Transformations & Agro-Resources Research Unit, UniLasalle, F-60026 Beauvais, France.
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23
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Chastant S, Mila H. Passive immune transfer in puppies. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 207:162-170. [PMID: 31255495 PMCID: PMC7125514 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The puppy, born without immunoglobulins G (IgG), acquires a passive systemic immunity thanks to colostrum intake during the two first days of life. The quality of passive immune transfer (i.e. blood IgG concentration at two days of age), highly variable between litters and between puppies within litters, depends mainly on the time elapsed between birth and ingestion of colostrum, with limited influence of colostrum IgG concentration. Deficit in passive immune transfer, impacting puppy's health and neonatal mortality rate, can be indirectly diagnosed through blood gammaglutamyltransferases assay and evaluation of growth rate over the two first days of life. In the absence of maternal colostrum, few homo- and heterospecific immune sources are available and canine colostrum banking remains the optimal solution. Whereas passive immune transfer is crucial for survival during the neonatal period, it later interferes with response to vaccination. In addition to systemic passive immune transfer, maternal antibodies (mainly IgA) would provide local (digestive) immunity, ensuring mid-term protection of the puppies' gut together with probably long term training of the digestive immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Chastant
- NeoCare, UMR INRA/ENVT 1225 Interactions Host-Pathogens, Toulouse National Veterinary School, 23 Chemin des CAPELLES, BP 87614, 31076, Toulouse Cedex, France.
| | - Hanna Mila
- NeoCare, UMR INRA/ENVT 1225 Interactions Host-Pathogens, Toulouse National Veterinary School, 23 Chemin des CAPELLES, BP 87614, 31076, Toulouse Cedex, France.
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24
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Huang S, Li N, Liu C, Li T, Wang W, Jiang L, Li Z, Han D, Tao S, Wang J. Characteristics of the gut microbiota colonization, inflammatory profile, and plasma metabolome in intrauterine growth restricted piglets during the first 12 hours after birth. J Microbiol 2019; 57:748-758. [PMID: 31187413 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-019-8690-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) predisposes newborns to inflammatory and metabolic disturbance. Disequilibrium of gut microbiota in early life has been implicated in the incidence of inflammation and metabolic diseases in adulthood. This study aimed to investigate the difference in gut microbiota colonization, cytokines and plasma metabolome between IUGR and normal birth weight (NBW) piglets in early life. At birth, reduced (P < 0.05) body, jejunum, and ileum weights, as well as decreased (P < 0.05) small intestinal villi and increased (P < 0.05) ileal crypt depth were observed in IUGR piglets compared with their NBW counterparts. Imbalanced inflammatory and plasma metabolome profile was observed in IUGR piglets. Furthermore, altered metabolites were mainly involved in fatty acid metabolism and inflammatory response. At 12 h after birth and after suckling colostrum, reduced (P < 0.05) postnatal growth and the small intestinal maturation retardation (P < 0.05) continued in IUGR piglets in comparison with those in NBW littermates. Besides, the gut microbiota structure was significantly altered by IUGR. Importantly, the disruption of the inflammatory profile and metabolic status mainly involved the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IFN-γ) and amino acid metabolism. Moreover, spearman correlation analysis showed that the increased abundance of Escherichia-Shigella and decreased abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 in IUGR piglets was closely associated with the alterations of slaughter weight, intestinal morphology, inflammatory cytokines, and plasma metabolites. Collectively, IUGR significantly impairs small intestine structure, modifies gut microbiota colonization, and disturbs inflammatory and metabolic profiles during the first 12 h after birth. The unbalanced gut microbiota mediated by IUGR contributes to the development of inflammation and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Cong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Lili Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China. .,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.
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25
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Schokker D, Hulsegge I, Woelders H, Rebel JMJ. Plasticity of intestinal gene expression profile signatures reflected by nutritional interventions in piglets. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:414. [PMID: 31122193 PMCID: PMC6533718 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5748-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immediately after birth, the porcine intestine rapidly develops morphologically, functionally, and immunologically. The jejunum, the second part of the small intestine, is of importance for nutrient uptake and immune surveillance. To study the early postnatal development of the jejunum, a meta-analysis was performed on different transcriptomic datasets. These datasets were acquired from different experimental in-house studies or from experiments described in literature of porcine jejunum mucosa. Gene expression was measured under different experimental interventions, such as nutritional intervention, at various time-points (age). RESULTS The studies included in the meta-analysis provided gene expression data for various time-points (piglet ages) for piglets that had received a treatment versus control piglets. In separate studies, treatments were administered to the sow (i.e. amoxicillin), or nutritional supplementation directly to the piglets with medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs), and oral administration of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) or a high dose of zinc-oxide, respectively. In the meta-analysis, genes were grouped into 16 clusters according to their temporal gene expression profiles for control piglets, i.e. the changes of gene expression level over time. Functional analysis showed that these temporal profile clusters had different dominant processes, such as immune related processes or barrier function. Transcriptomics data of treatment piglets was subsequently superimposed over the control temporal profiles. In this way we could investigate which temporal profile clusters (and which biological processes) were modulated by the treatments. Interestingly, not all 16 temporal profiles were modulated. CONCLUSIONS We showed that it is possible to re-use (publicly available) transcriptomics data and produce temporal gene expression profiles for control piglets with overexpression of genes representing specific biological processes. Subsequently, by superimposing gene expression data from (nutritional) intervention studies we observed deviations from some of these reference profile(s) and thus the plasticity of the system. By employing this meta-analysis approach we highlighted the importance of birth and weaning and the underlying biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirkjan Schokker
- Wageningen University & Research Animal Breeding and Genomics, P.O. Box 338, 6700, AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ina Hulsegge
- Wageningen University & Research Animal Breeding and Genomics, P.O. Box 338, 6700, AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henri Woelders
- Wageningen University & Research Animal Breeding and Genomics, P.O. Box 338, 6700, AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna M J Rebel
- Wageningen University & Research Animal Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 338, 6700, AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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26
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Ventura AK, Hernandez A. Effects of opaque, weighted bottles on maternal sensitivity and infant intake. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2019; 15:e12737. [PMID: 30345622 PMCID: PMC7199074 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Caregivers' abilities to assess how much is in the bottle may lead to encouragement of infant bottle emptying and overfeeding. The present study assessed whether use of opaque, weighted bottles (as compared with conventional, clear bottles) improves feeding outcomes. Mothers with infants <32 weeks of age (n = 76) were assessed on two separate days. Mothers fed their infants from an opaque, weighted bottle on 1 day and a clear bottle on the other; conditions were counterbalanced. Blinded raters certified in the Nursing Child Assessment Feeding Scale scored all videos to determine maternal sensitivity. Infant intake was assessed by weighing the bottle before and after each feeding, and feeding outcomes included infant intake (mL), intake per kilogram body weight (mL/kg), meal duration (min), and feed rate (mL/min). Mothers exhibited significantly greater sensitivity (p = 0.041), fed their infants fewer millilitres per kilogram body weight (p = 0.049), and fed their infants at a significantly slower rate (p = 0.009) when using opaque compared with clear bottles. Infant clarity of cues was a significant moderator of effects of bottle type on intake per kilogram body weight (p = 0.028): Infants who exhibited greater clarity of cues were fed less during the opaque versus clear conditions whereas infants who exhibited poorer clarity of cues were fed similar amounts during both conditions. Effects of bottle type were not moderated by bottle contents (expressed breast milk vs. formula). In sum, promotion of opaque, weighted bottles for infant feeding may be a pragmatic approach to improve the quality and outcome of bottle-feeding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison K. Ventura
- Department of Kinesiology and Public HealthCalifornia Polytechnic State UniversitySan Luis ObispoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Alexandra Hernandez
- Department of Kinesiology and Public HealthCalifornia Polytechnic State UniversitySan Luis ObispoCaliforniaUSA
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27
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Effects of Fat Supplementation during Gestation on Reproductive Performance, Milk Composition of Sows and Intestinal Development of their Offspring. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9040125. [PMID: 30925813 PMCID: PMC6523317 DOI: 10.3390/ani9040125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Various fats are used in swine diets as sources of energy and essential fatty acids. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of fat supplementation during gestation on reproductive performance, milk composition of sows and intestinal development of their offspring. Fifty sows were randomly allocated into two groups receiving the control (CON) and high-fat diets (HF diet) during gestation. After farrowing, all sows received the same lactation diet and were fed ad libitum until weaning at day 20 of lactation. The results showed that being fed the HF diet did not markedly improve the performance of sows and their offspring. However, the HF diet increased (p < 0.05) the colostrum contents of protein and no-fat solids, and the plasma concentration of prolactin at farrowing. Moreover, piglets born of sows fed the HF diet had higher (p < 0.05) jejunal villous height, as well as deeper (p < 0.05) jejunal and colonic crypt depths compared with piglets born of sows fed the CON diet. In addition, piglets born of sows fed the HF diet had markedly increased (p < 0.05) mRNA abundances of innate immunity-related genes on toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), toll-like receptor 9 (TLR-9) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) in ileum compared with piglets born of sows fed the CON diet. These findings indicated that dietary fat supplementation during gestation did not markedly improve the performance of sows and their offspring, but improved colostrum quality and concentration of prolactin on the day of farrowing, associated with modifications of intestinal morphology and innate immunity of their offspring.
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28
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Walter KR, Lin X, Jacobi SK, Käser T, Esposito D, Odle J. Dietary arachidonate in milk replacer triggers dual benefits of PGE 2 signaling in LPS-challenged piglet alveolar macrophages. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:13. [PMID: 30815256 PMCID: PMC6376662 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory infections challenge the swine industry, despite common medicinal practices. The dual signaling nature of PGE2 (supporting both inflammation and resolution) makes it a potent regulator of immune cell function. Therefore, the use of dietary long chain n-6 PUFA to enhance PGE2 effects merits investigation. Methods Day-old pigs (n = 60) were allotted to one of three dietary groups for 21 d (n = 20/diet), and received either a control diet (CON, arachidonate = 0.5% of total fatty acids), an arachidonate (ARA)-enriched diet (LC n-6, ARA = 2.2%), or an eicosapentaenoic (EPA)-enriched diet (LC n-3, EPA = 3.0%). Alveolar macrophages and lung parenchymal tissue were collected for fatty acid analysis. Isolated alveolar macrophages were stimulated with LPS in situ for 24 h, and mRNA was isolated to assess markers associated with inflammation and eicosanoid production. Culture media were collected to assess PGE2 secretion. Oxidative burst in macrophages was measured by: 1) oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification (via Seahorse), 2) cytoplasmic oxidation and 3) nitric oxide production following 4, 18, and 24 h of LPS stimulation. Results Concentration of ARA (% of fatty acids, w/w) in macrophages from pigs fed LC n-6 was 86% higher than CON and 18% lower in pigs fed LC n-3 (P < 0.01). Following LPS stimulation, abundance of COX-2 and TNF-α mRNA (P < 0.0001), and PGE2 secretion (P < 0. 01) were higher in LC n-6 PAM vs. CON. However, ALOX5 abundance was 1.6-fold lower than CON. Macrophages from CON and LC n-6 groups were 4-fold higher in ALOX12/15 abundance (P < 0.0001) compared to LC n-3. Oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rates increased over 4 h following LPS stimulation (P < 0.05) regardless of treatment. Similarly, increases in cytoplasmic oxidation (P < 0.001) and nitric oxide production (P < 0.002) were observed after 18 h of LPS stimulation but were unaffected by diet. Conclusions We infer that enriching diets with arachidonic acid may be an effective means to enhance a stronger innate immunologic response to respiratory challenges in neonatal pigs. However, further work is needed to examine long-term safety, clinical efficacy and economic viability. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40104-019-0321-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen R Walter
- 1Department of Animal Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina USA.,2Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina USA
| | - Xi Lin
- 2Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina USA
| | - Sheila K Jacobi
- 3Department of Animal Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio USA
| | - Tobias Käser
- 4Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina USA
| | - Debora Esposito
- 1Department of Animal Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina USA.,2Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina USA
| | - Jack Odle
- 2Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina USA
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Low food availability during gestation enhances offspring post-natal growth, but reduces survival, in a viviparous lizard. Oecologia 2019; 189:611-620. [PMID: 30725369 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04349-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The environment experienced by a mother can have profound effects on the fitness of her offspring (i.e., maternal effects). Maternal effects can be adaptive when the developmental environments experienced by offspring promote phenotypes that provide fitness benefits either via matching offspring phenotype to the post-developmental environment (also known as anticipatory maternal effects) or through direct effects on offspring growth and survival. We tested these hypotheses in a viviparous lizard using a factorial experimental design in which mothers received either high or low amounts of food during gestation, and resultant offspring were raised on either high or low amounts of food post-birth. We found no effect of food availability during gestation on reproductive traits of mothers or offspring traits at birth. However, offspring from mothers who received low food during gestation exhibited a greater increase in condition in the post-birth period, suggesting some form of priming of offspring by mothers to cope with an anticipated poor environment after birth. Offspring that received low food during gestation were also more likely to die, suggesting a trade-off for this accelerated growth. There were also significant effects of post-birth food availability on offspring snout-vent length and body condition growth, with offspring with high food availability post birth doing better. However, the effects of the pre- and post-natal resource evnironment on offspring growth were independent on one another, therefore, providing no support for the presence of anticipatory maternal effects in the traditional sense.
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30
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Abstract
Cytokines are required for normal growth and development of the mammary gland and TGF-β prominently represents an established effector of apoptosis, e.g., during involution of the mammary gland. By the control of intracellular signaling pathways, including JAK/STAT, MAPK, PI-3K, and NF-κB, cytokines efficiently regulate cell proliferation and inflammation in the breast. Therefore, cytokines are discussed also in a context of malignant mammary growth. As a group of tissue hormones produced by somatic cells or by cells from the immune system, cytokines are defined by their immunomodulatory potential. Over the past 40 years, multiple cytokines were identified in colostrum and milk. Importantly, cytokines derived from mammary secretions after birth are required for maturation of the immune system in the developing gastrointestinal tract from the suckling. Moreover, recent studies have further assessed the particular interactions between probiotic bacterial strains and cytokines. In light of the increasing prevalence of inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal system, the effects of probiotic microorganisms during milk fermentation may have immunotherapeutic potential in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Brenmoehl
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Daniela Ohde
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Elisa Wirthgen
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Hoeflich
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany.
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Costa JFDR, Novo SMF, Baccili CC, Sobreira NM, Hurley DJ, Gomes V. Innate immune response in neonate Holstein heifer calves fed fresh or frozen colostrum. Res Vet Sci 2017; 115:54-60. [PMID: 28135671 PMCID: PMC7125648 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of maternal cells from colostrum on the development and function of the innate immune response in Holstein calves. Calves were divided into 2 groups: COL+ (n=10) received fresh colostrum; and COL- (n=10) which received frozen colostrum containing no viable cells. The calves were assessed before colostrum intake (D0), 48h of age (D2), and weekly from D7 up to D28. Blood samples were collected for analysis of the distribution of leukocytes, cellular phenotype and in vitro granulocyte function. COL+ calves tended to have a high number of neutrophils on D7 (p=0.073). COL- calves took up significantly more Escherichia coli (measured as MFI) on D7 (p=0.034). Endogenous production of radicals (as percentage of cells) tended to be higher in COL- calves on D14 (p=0.061). The intensity of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by granulocytes tended to be higher in COL+ calves on D21 (p=0.094). Overall, ROS production (percent of cells, and MFI) induced by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were higher in COL+ calves than COL- calves. It was our observation that COL+ calves developed an innate immune response more quickly and efficiently after natural exposure to pathogens after birth. In contrast, COL- calves mounted an innate response more slowly that yielded a persistent inflammatory response after natural exposure to these bacteria agents. This research provides evidence of an advantage to the calf of receiving fresh colostrum on the development and function of the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana França Dos Reis Costa
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sylvia Marquart Fontes Novo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Camila Costa Baccili
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Natália Meirelles Sobreira
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - David John Hurley
- Food Animal Health and Management Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Viviani Gomes
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Hadley KB, Guimont-Desrochers F, Bailey-Hall E, Salem N, Yurko-Mauro K, Field CJ. Supplementing dams with both arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid has beneficial effects on growth and immune development. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 126:55-63. [PMID: 29031396 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAS) modulate immune cells in vitro and in vivo. This study investigated the effects of enriching the maternal diet with the n-6 and n-3 LCPUFAs, arachidonic (20:4n-6, 0.6%wt ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, 0.32%wt DHA), or 1:1 and 2:1 ratios (ARA: DHA) on total lipids in milk, total lipids, and immunophenotypes in plasma, lymph nodes, and spleen from isolated immune cells from 28d old pups. From day 15 of gestation to day 3 pp, Sprague-Dawley dams were fed a commercial chow. On day 3 pp litters were culled and pups (4 males and 2 females) randomly cross-fostered to dams who were randomized to one of the 5 experimental diets resulting in 20 male and 10 female pups/diet group. Dams fed ARA or ARA: DHA had 28-36% more 20:4n-6 in milk and feeding DHA or ARA: DHA doubled 22:6n-3 in milk lipids (P<0.05). Feeding 1:1 or 2:1 ARA: DHA resulted in greater pup weight at weaning (P<0.05). Compared to the control pups, ARA + DHA fed pups had a lower proportion of splenic CD45RA+ lymphocytes. In summary, postpartum supplementation with a combination of ARA + DHA, compared to ARA or DHA alone, resulted in a higher content of ARA and DHA in dam's milk and tissues and had positive effects on growth, accompanied by evidence of progression toward a mature immune phenotype, and suggests a need for ARA when DHA is supplemented in the early diet. Additional investigations are needed of ARA immunomodulation to better understand and estimate nutritional requirements for LCPUFAs during early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Hadley
- Clinical Research Department, DSM Nutritional Products, Columbia, MD 21045, USA.
| | | | - E Bailey-Hall
- Clinical Research Department, DSM Nutritional Products, Columbia, MD 21045, USA
| | - N Salem
- Clinical Research Department, DSM Nutritional Products, Columbia, MD 21045, USA
| | - K Yurko-Mauro
- Clinical Research Department, DSM Nutritional Products, Columbia, MD 21045, USA
| | - C J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, T6G 2E1
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Effects of Maternal Low-Energy Diet during Gestation on Intestinal Morphology, Disaccharidase Activity, and Immune Response to Lipopolysaccharide Challenge in Pig Offspring. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101115. [PMID: 29027951 PMCID: PMC5691731 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal nutrition during gestation is involved in the offspring’s intestinal development and immunity. The aim of this study was to (1) determine the effects of maternal energy on intestinal digestion and absorption function in offspring, using pigs as a model; and (2) to evaluate the potential effect and mechanisms of maternal energy in modulating immune responses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged piglets. After mating, thirty-six nine-parity sows (Landrace × Yorkshire), body weight (BW) (initial body weight 233.56 ± 2.77 kg) were allocated to two dietary treatment groups; a control diet (CON) group and a low-energy diet (LED) group. The nutrient levels of the CON were based on the nutrient recommendations by the National Research Council (NRC, 2012), and contained 3.40 MCal digestible energy (DE)/kg diet and 7.3% crude protein; while the LED contained 3.00 MCal DE/kg diet. The dietary treatments were introduced from day 1 of gestation to farrowing. Intestine samples were collected from the pigs’ offspring at birth, and at weaning (day 28 post-birth). At weaning, male pigs from control and LED groups were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (50 μg/kg body weight) or saline (n = 6), and sacrificed at 4 h post-injection to collect blood, intestine and digesta samples for biochemical analysis. The results indicated that the maternal LED markedly decreased the BW, small intestinal weight, and the ratio of jejunum and ileum villus height to crypt depth in the offspring. Moreover, the activities of lactase and sucrase in newborn piglets’ intestine, and sucrase and maltase in weaning piglet intestine were markedly decreased by the maternal LED. In addition, maternal LED significantly increased the mRNA relative expression of ileal IL-6 and TNF-α in newborn piglets. Plasma IL-1β concentration and colonic Escherichia coli amount were affected by maternal diet (p < 0.05) and LPS challenge (p < 0.001). Maternal LED significant increased the mRNA relative expression of ileal TLR-4, IL-1β and NF-κB as well as decreased ZO-1 in weaning pigs after LPS challenge (p < 0.05). In conclusion, decreasing energy intake could suppress the offspring’s intestinal digestion and absorption function, and increase the susceptibility of weaning piglets to LPS challenge.
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Knutie SA, Shea LA, Kupselaitis M, Wilkinson CL, Kohl KD, Rohr JR. Early-Life Diet Affects Host Microbiota and Later-Life Defenses Against Parasites in Frogs. Integr Comp Biol 2017; 57:732-742. [PMID: 28662573 PMCID: PMC5886343 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icx028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Food resources can affect the health of organisms by altering their symbiotic microbiota and affecting energy reserves for host defenses against parasites. Different diets can vary in their macronutrient content and therefore they might favor certain bacterial communities of the host and affect the development and maintenance of the immune system, such as the inflammatory or antibody responses. Thus, testing the effect of diet, especially for animals with wide diet breadths, on host-associated microbiota and defenses against parasites might be important in determining infection and disease risk. Here, we test whether the early-life diet of Cuban tree frogs (Osteopilus septentrionalis) affects early- and later-life microbiota as well as later-life defenses against skin-penetrating, gut worms (Aplectana hamatospicula). We fed tadpoles two ecologically common diets: a diet of conspecifics or a diet of algae (Arthrospira sp.). We then: (1) characterized the gut microbiota of tadpoles and adults; and (2) challenged adult frogs with parasitic worms and measured host resistance (including the antibody-mediated immune response) and tolerance of infections. Tadpole diet affected bacterial communities in the guts of tadpoles but did not have enduring effects on the bacterial communities of adults. In contrast, tadpole diet had enduring effects on host resistance and tolerance of infections in adult frogs. Frogs that were fed a conspecific-based diet as tadpoles were more resistant to worm penetration compared with frogs that were fed an alga-based diet as tadpoles, but less resistant to worm establishment, which may be related to their suppressed antibody response during worm establishment. Furthermore, frogs that were fed a conspecific-based diet as tadpoles were more tolerant to the effect of parasite abundance on host mass during worm establishment. Overall, our study demonstrates that the diet of Cuban tree frog tadpoles affects the gut microbiota and defenses against parasitic gut worms of frogs, but these effects depend on the stage of the host and infection, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Knutie
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Lauren A. Shea
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Marinna Kupselaitis
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | | | - Kevin D. Kohl
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Jason R. Rohr
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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Obanewa O, Newell ML. Maternal nutritional status during pregnancy and infant immune response to routine childhood vaccinations. Future Virol 2017; 12:525-536. [PMID: 29225661 PMCID: PMC5716389 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2017-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
To systematically review the association between maternal nutritional status in pregnancy and infant immune response to childhood vaccines. We reviewed literature on maternal nutrition during pregnancy, fetal immune system and vaccines and possible relationships. Thereafter, we undertook a systematic review of the literature of maternal nutritional status and infant vaccine response, extracted relevant information, assessed quality of the nine papers identified and present findings in a narrative format. From limited evidence of average quality, intrauterine nutrition deficiency could lead to functional deficit in the infant's immune function; child vaccine response may thus be negatively affected by maternal malnutrition. Response to childhood vaccination may be associated with fetal and early life environment; evaluation of programs should take this into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayinka Obanewa
- Human Development & Health, Global Health Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Marie-Louise Newell
- Human Development & Health, Global Health Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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Wang Y, Li S, Zeng Z, Liang L, Du W. Maternal food availability affects offspring performance and survival in a viviparous lizard. Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China
| | - Shu‐Ran Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China
| | - Zhi‐Gao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China
| | - Liang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China
| | - Wei‐Guo Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China
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Ross SA, Gerlach JQ, Gill SK, Lane JA, Kilcoyne M, Hickey RM, Joshi L. Temporal alterations in the bovine buttermilk glycome from parturition to milk maturation. Food Chem 2016; 211:329-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Maturation of the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier in Neonatal Rats Coincides with Decreased FcRn Expression, Replacement of Vacuolated Enterocytes and Changed Blimp-1 Expression. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164775. [PMID: 27736989 PMCID: PMC5063338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestinal barrier is immature in newborn mammals allowing for transfer of bioactive macromolecules, e.g. protecting antibodies, from mother's milk to the blood circulation and in neonatal rodents lasts until weaning. This passage involves the neonatal-Fc-receptor (FcRn) binding IgG in the proximal and highly endocytic vacuolated enterocytes in the distal immature small intestine (SI). Recent studies have suggested an involvement of the transcription factor B-lymphocyte-induced maturation-protein-1 (Blimp-1) in the regulation of SI maturation in mice. Hence, the objective of the present study was to monitor the development of the intestinal barrier function, in relation to Blimp-1 expression during both natural and precociously induced intestinal maturation in rats. RESULTS During the suckling period IgG plasma levels increased, while after gut closure it temporarily decreased. This corresponded to a high expression of FcRn in the proximal SI epithelium and the presence of vacuolated enterocytes in the distal SI. The immature foetal-type epithelium was replaced after weaning or induced precocious maturation, by an adult-type epithelium with FcRnneg cells in the proximal and by non-vacuolated enterocytes in the distal SI. In parallel to this epithelial shift, Blimp-1 expression decreased in the distal SI. CONCLUSION The switch from foetal- to adult-type epithelium, with decreased proximal expression of FcRn and distal replacement of vacuolated enterocytes, was concurrent in the two SI regions and could be used for monitoring SI maturation in the rat. The changes in expression of Blimp-1 in the distal SI epithelium followed the maturation pattern.
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Abstract
South Africa's paediatric antiretroviral therapy (ART) programme is managed using a monitoring and evaluation tool known as TIER.Net. This electronic system has several advantages over paper-based systems, allowing profiling of the paediatric ART programme over time. We analysed anonymized TIER.Net data for HIV-infected children aged <15 years who had initiated ART in a rural district of South Africa between 2005 and 2014. We performed Kaplan–Meier survival analysis to assess outcomes over time. Records of 5461 children were available for analysis; 3593 (66%) children were retained in care. Losses from the programme were higher in children initiated on treatment in more recent years (P < 0·0001) and in children aged ≤1 year at treatment initiation (P < 0·0001). For children aged <3 years, abacavir was associated with a significantly higher rate of loss from the programme compared to stavudine (hazard ratio 1·9, P < 0·001). Viral load was suppressed in 48–52% of the cohort, with no significant change over the years (P = 0·398). Analysis of TIER.Net data over time provides enhanced insights into the performance of the paediatric ART programme and highlights interventions to improve programme performance.
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Fink NH, Collins CT, Gibson RA, Makrides M, Penttila IA. Targeting inflammation in the preterm infant: The role of the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION & INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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Hibel LC, Schiltz H. Maternal and Infant Secretory Immunoglobulin A across the Peripartum Period. J Hum Lact 2016; 32:NP44-51. [PMID: 26467670 DOI: 10.1177/0890334415610578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) concentrations change over early infancy. The primary immunoglobulin in breast milk is sIgA, however, no study has examined the role of maternal sIgA in relation to infant salivary sIgA. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine within-source associations and mean level changes of maternal and infant sIgA across the first 6 months of life, to examine the interrelations between maternal and infant sIgA across the first 6 months of life, and to determine the association between breastfeeding and infant sIgA. METHODS Participants were a convenience sample of 51 mother-infant dyads. Salivary sIgA was collected from the mother in the third trimester. Infant and maternal salivary and maternal breast milk sIgA was collected at approximately 1, 3, and 6 months postpartum. RESULTS Maternal salivary sIgA showed no mean level change across the visits, and levels were moderately associated over time. Breast milk sIgA was moderately associated over time; infant salivary sIgA was weakly associated over time. Both breast milk and infant sIgA levels decreased from 1 to 3 months postpartum. Maternal salivary sIgA was not related to infant or breast milk sIgA. Breastfed infants had lower levels of salivary sIgA. Likewise, higher concentrations of breast milk sIgA were related to lower concentrations of infant sIgA. CONCLUSION Maternal salivary sIgA is highly stable over the peripartum period, whereas breast milk and infant salivary sIgA was variable. Infant secretory IgA development does not depend positively on maternal salivary or breast milk sIgA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah C Hibel
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Hillary Schiltz
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Effects of intrauterine growth retardation and Bacillus subtilis PB6 supplementation on growth performance, intestinal development and immune function of piglets during the suckling period. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:1753-1765. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1223-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Effects of Bifidobacterium supplementation on intestinal microbiota composition and the immune response in healthy infants. World J Pediatr 2016; 12:177-82. [PMID: 25846071 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-015-0025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal microbiotas are thought to be the most important source of maturational stimuli to the development of the immune system. However, few studies have focused on the development of T helper (Th) 1 immune response and antibody response to vaccinations in healthy infants, especially in a large cohort. Through this randomized, double-blind control trial, we investigated the effects of Bifidobacterium longum BB536 (BB536) supplementation on intestinal microbiota composition and the immune response in term infants. METHODS In total, 300 healthy newborns were recruited, randomized and fed formula either supplemented with BB536 or with no supplementation. Stool samples were analyzed at months 2, 4 and 11. The representative cytokine for Th1 [interferon-γ (IFN-γ)] and Th2 [interleukin-4 (IL-4)] secretion cells were measured using enzyme-linked immunospot assay at 4 and 7 months of age. The antibody response to vaccines was measured at months 7 and 11. RESULTS A total of 264 infants completed the study. The amount of bifidobacteria and the bifidobacteria/ Enterobacteriaceae ratio (B/E) were significantly higher in the BB536 supplementation group at months 2 and 4. The number of IFN-γ secretion cells and the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 secretion cells were increased in the BB536 supplementation group at 7 months. Moreover, the higher value of B/E in the early stages seems to be related to the increased Th1 response. No difference was observed between groups in the antibody response after vaccination. CONCLUSION BB536 has positive effects on establishing a healthy intestinal microbiota early in life, and it also plays an important role in improving the Th1 immune response.
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Lewis ED, Richard C, Goruk S, Dellschaft NS, Curtis JM, Jacobs RL, Field CJ. The Form of Choline in the Maternal Diet Affects Immune Development in Suckled Rat Offspring. J Nutr 2016; 146:823-30. [PMID: 26936140 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.225888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid-soluble phosphatidylcholine (PC) and aqueous free choline are absorbed and metabolized differently, but the metabolic effects of feeding these 2 forms of choline have not been thoroughly investigated. OBJECTIVE We sought to compare the effects of PC and free choline in the maternal diet on the development of the offspring's immune system. METHODS During lactation, Sprague-Dawley dams (n= 10) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 diet groups containing the same concentration of total choline (1 g/kg diet) as free choline (choline bitartrate) or PC (egg lecithin). The splenocytes of pups aged 21 d were isolated and stimulated ex vivo with concanavalin A (ConA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the choline concentrations of stomach content, plasma, and the spleen were measured. RESULTS Pups from PC-fed dams had a lower proportion of cells involved in antigen presentation but produced 54% more interleukin (IL)-2, 163% more IL-6, and 107% more IFN-γ after ConA stimulation and 110% more IL-6 and 43% more tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α after LPS stimulation (allP< 0.05). The PC concentrations were significantly higher in the plasma and spleen of pups from PC-fed dams (P< 0.05). Increasing the supply of PC in the form of lysophosphatidylcholine to splenocytes in vitro increased the rate of proliferation and IL-2 production and the surface expression of CD25, CD28, CD71, and CD152 on CD8+ T cells, suggesting 1 possible mechanism. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate that providing choline to rats in the form of PC (compared to free choline), possibly by increasing the supply of PC to the suckling pups, promotes maturation and improves function of the offspring's immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin D Lewis
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and
| | - Caroline Richard
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and
| | - Susan Goruk
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and
| | - Neele S Dellschaft
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and Early Life Research Unit, Academic Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan M Curtis
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and
| | - René L Jacobs
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and
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Bokade CM, Madhura AD, Bagul AS, Thakre SB. Predictors of mortality in children due to severe and very severe pneumonia. Niger Med J 2016; 56:287-91. [PMID: 26759516 PMCID: PMC4697219 DOI: 10.4103/0300-1652.165038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mortality due to pneumonia in children is more than any other illness. Limited data is available to predict mortality in children with pneumonia from central India. AIM To study predictors of mortality in children aged 1-59 months hospitalised with severe and very severe pneumonia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Present study was observational longitudinal study that was done in a tertiary care hospital of central India. Two hundred and ninety children, aged 1-59 months, presented with severe and very severe pneumonia were enrolled in this study. Outcome and predictors of mortality were studied. Data was analysed with Chi-square test, univariate and multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS Out of 270 enrolled study subjects, maximum (108, 37.24%) were belonged to 1-6-months age group. Proportion of mortality was maximum (16, 64.00%) in that age group. Overall case fatality rate was 8.62%. Among significant variables, delayed hospital referral [adjusted odds ratio (OR)-52.09, 95% confidence interval (CI)- 6.74-402.39], incomplete immunisation (OR-12.28, 95% CI-2.15-69.93), severe malnutrition (Z score < -3) (OR-15.51, 95% CI- 2.04-117.83), refusal to feed (OR- 30.57, 95% CI- 2.47-378.26), and hypoglycaemia (OR- 6.98, 95% CI- 1.05-46.30) were found significant independently on multivariate regression analysis. CONCLUSION Delayed hospital referral, incomplete immunisation, severe malnutrition, refusal to feed, and hypoglycaemia were independent predictors of mortality in children with severe and very severe pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrakant M Bokade
- Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhishek D Madhura
- Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhay S Bagul
- Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Subhash B Thakre
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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Colditz IG, Hine BC. Resilience in farm animals: biology, management, breeding and implications for animal welfare. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/an15297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A capacity for the animal to recover quickly from the impact of physical and social stressors and disease challenges is likely to improve evolutionary fitness of wild species and welfare and performance of farm animals. Salience and valence of stimuli sensed through neurosensors, chemosensors and immunosensors are perceived and integrated centrally to generate emotions and engage physiological, behavioural, immune, cognitive and morphological responses that defend against noxious challenges. These responses can be refined through experience to provide anticipatory and learned reactions at lower cost than innate less-specific reactions. Influences of behaviour type, coping style, and affective state and the relationships between immune responsiveness, disease resistance and resilience are reviewed. We define resilience as the capacity of animals to cope with short-term perturbations in their environment and return rapidly to their pre-challenge status. It is manifested in response to episodic, sporadic or situation-specific attributes of the environment and can be optimised via facultative learning by the individual. It is a comparative measure of differences between individuals in the outcomes that follow exposure to potentially adverse situations. In contrast, robustness is the capacity to maintain productivity in a wide range of environments without compromising reproduction, health and wellbeing. Robustness is manifested in response to persistent or cyclical attributes of the environment and is effected via activity of innate regulatory pathways. We suggest that for farm animals, husbandry practices that incorporate physical and social stressors and interactions with humans such as weaning, change of housing, and introduction to the milking parlour can be used to characterise resilience phenotypes. In these settings, resilience is likely to be more readily identified through the rate of return of variables to pre-challenge or normal status rather than through measuring the activity of diverse stress response and adaptation mechanisms. Our strategy for phenotyping resilience of sheep and cattle during weaning is described. Opportunities are examined to increase resilience through genetic selection and through improved management practices that provide emotional and cognitive enrichment and stress inoculation.
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De Rosa V, Galgani M, Santopaolo M, Colamatteo A, Laccetti R, Matarese G. Nutritional control of immunity: Balancing the metabolic requirements with an appropriate immune function. Semin Immunol 2015; 27:300-9. [PMID: 26527507 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is a highly integrated network of cells sensitive to a number of environmental factors. Interestingly, recent years have seen a dramatic increase in our understanding of how diet makes a crucial contribution to human health, affecting the immune system, secretion of adipocytokines and metabolic pathways. Recent experimental evidence indicates that diet and its components are able to profoundly influence immune responses, thus affecting the development of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This review aims to discuss some of the main topics concerning the impact of nutrients and their relative composition on immune cell development and function that may be particularly important for regulating the balance between inflammatory and tolerogenic processes. We also highlight the effects of diet on commensal bacteria and how changes in the composition of the microbiota alter intestinal and systemic immune homeostasis. Finally, we summarize the effects of dietary compounds on epigenetic mechanisms involved in the regulation of several immune related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica De Rosa
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Napoli 80131, Italy; Unità di NeuroImmunologia, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma 00143, Italy
| | - Mario Galgani
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Marianna Santopaolo
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Napoli 80131, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Alessandra Colamatteo
- Unità di NeuroImmunologia, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma 00143, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Salerno, Baronissi Campus, Baronissi 84081, Salerno, Italy
| | - Roberta Laccetti
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Napoli 80131, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Salerno, Baronissi Campus, Baronissi 84081, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Salerno, Baronissi Campus, Baronissi 84081, Salerno, Italy; IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano 20138, Italy.
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Saeed F, Nadeem M, Ahmed RS, Tahir Nadeem M, Arshad MS, Ullah A. Studying the impact of nutritional immunology underlying the modulation of immune responses by nutritional compounds – a review. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2015.1079600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Richard C, Lewis ED, Goruk S, Field CJ. The content of docosahexaenoic acid in the maternal diet differentially affects the immune response in lactating dams and suckled offspring. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:2255-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Benis N, Schokker D, Suarez-Diez M, Martins Dos Santos VAP, Smidt H, Smits MA. Network analysis of temporal functionalities of the gut induced by perturbations in new-born piglets. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:556. [PMID: 26220188 PMCID: PMC4518884 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1733-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence is accumulating that perturbation of early life microbial colonization of the gut induces long-lasting adverse health effects in individuals. Understanding the mechanisms behind these effects will facilitate modulation of intestinal health. The objective of this study was to identify biological processes involved in these long lasting effects and the (molecular) factors that regulate them. We used an antibiotic and the same antibiotic in combination with stress on piglets as an early life perturbation. Then we used host gene expression data from the gut (jejunum) tissue and community-scale analysis of gut microbiota from the same location of the gut, at three different time-points to gauge the reaction to the perturbation. We analysed the data by a new combination of existing tools. First, we analysed the data in two dimensions, treatment and time, with quadratic regression analysis. Then we applied network-based data integration approaches to find correlations between host gene expression and the resident microbial species. RESULTS The use of a new combination of data analysis tools allowed us to identify significant long-lasting differences in jejunal gene expression patterns resulting from the early life perturbations. In addition, we were able to identify potential key gene regulators (hubs) for these long-lasting effects. Furthermore, data integration also showed that there are a handful of bacterial groups that were associated with temporal changes in gene expression. CONCLUSION The applied systems-biology approach allowed us to take the first steps in unravelling biological processes involved in long lasting effects in the gut due to early life perturbations. The observed data are consistent with the hypothesis that these long lasting effects are due to differences in the programming of the gut immune system as induced by the temporary early life changes in the composition and/or diversity of microbiota in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirupama Benis
- Host Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Dirkjan Schokker
- Wageningen UR Livestock Research, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Maria Suarez-Diez
- Systems and Synthetic biology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Vitor A P Martins Dos Santos
- Systems and Synthetic biology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Lifeglimmer GmbH, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Mari A Smits
- Host Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Wageningen UR Livestock Research, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Central Veterinary Institute, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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