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D'Andrea G, Quattrone D, Malone K, Tripoli G, Trotta G, Spinazzola E, Gayer-Anderson C, Jongsma HE, Sideli L, Stilo SA, La Cascia C, Ferraro L, Lasalvia A, Tosato S, Tortelli A, Velthorst E, de Haan L, Llorca PM, Rossi Menezes P, Santos JL, Arrojo M, Bobes J, Sanjuán J, Bernardo M, Arango C, Kirkbride JB, Jones PB, Rutten BP, Van Os J, Selten JP, Vassos E, Schürhoff F, Szöke A, Pignon B, O'Donovan M, Richards A, Morgan C, Di Forti M, Tarricone I, Murray RM. Variation of subclinical psychosis across 16 sites in Europe and Brazil: findings from the multi-national EU-GEI study. Psychol Med 2024; 54:1810-1823. [PMID: 38288603 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723003781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incidence of first-episode psychosis (FEP) varies substantially across geographic regions. Phenotypes of subclinical psychosis (SP), such as psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and schizotypy, present several similarities with psychosis. We aimed to examine whether SP measures varied across different sites and whether this variation was comparable with FEP incidence within the same areas. We further examined contribution of environmental and genetic factors to SP. METHODS We used data from 1497 controls recruited in 16 different sites across 6 countries. Factor scores for several psychopathological dimensions of schizotypy and PLEs were obtained using multidimensional item response theory models. Variation of these scores was assessed using multi-level regression analysis to estimate individual and between-sites variance adjusting for age, sex, education, migrant, employment and relational status, childhood adversity, and cannabis use. In the final model we added local FEP incidence as a second-level variable. Association with genetic liability was examined separately. RESULTS Schizotypy showed a large between-sites variation with up to 15% of variance attributable to site-level characteristics. Adding local FEP incidence to the model considerably reduced the between-sites unexplained schizotypy variance. PLEs did not show as much variation. Overall, SP was associated with younger age, migrant, unmarried, unemployed and less educated individuals, cannabis use, and childhood adversity. Both phenotypes were associated with genetic liability to schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS Schizotypy showed substantial between-sites variation, being more represented in areas where FEP incidence is higher. This supports the hypothesis that shared contextual factors shape the between-sites variation of psychosis across the spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe D'Andrea
- University of Montreal Hospital Reseach Centre (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis (PEPP-Montréal), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Community Mental Health Center of Sassuolo, Department of Mental Health and Drug Abuse, AUSL Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Diego Quattrone
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kathryn Malone
- Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Giada Tripoli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), Psychiatry Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Trotta
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Edoardo Spinazzola
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Gayer-Anderson
- ESRC Center for Society and Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hannah E Jongsma
- Centre for Transcultural Psychiatry 'Veldzicht', Balkbrug, The Netherlands
- University Centre for Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lucia Sideli
- Department of Human Science, LUMSA University, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona A Stilo
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASP Crotone, Crotone, Italy
| | - Caterina La Cascia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), Psychiatry Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Ferraro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), Psychiatry Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Lasalvia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, Verona, Italy
| | - Sarah Tosato
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Eva Velthorst
- Department of Research, Community Mental Health Service, GGZ Noord-Holland-Noord, The Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Paulo Rossi Menezes
- University Hospital, Section of Epidemiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose Luis Santos
- Department of Psychiatry, Servicio de Psiquiatría Hospital "Virgen de la Luz", Cuenca, Spain
| | - Manuel Arrojo
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Genetic Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain
| | - Julio Bobes
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry Area, School of Medicine, Universidad de Oviedo, ISPA, Ineuropa, CIBERSAM, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Julio Sanjuán
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Bernardo
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic, Departament de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències (UBNeuro), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, CIBERSAM, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Peter B Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK
| | - Bart P Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jim Van Os
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Selten
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Evangelos Vassos
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Franck Schürhoff
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, Fondation Fondamental, Creteil, France
| | - Andrei Szöke
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, Fondation Fondamental, Creteil, France
| | - Baptiste Pignon
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, Fondation Fondamental, Creteil, France
| | - Michael O'Donovan
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alexander Richards
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Craig Morgan
- ESRC Center for Society and Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Marta Di Forti
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ilaria Tarricone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Bologna Transcultural Psychosomatic Team (BoTPT), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addiction, AUSL Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Robin M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Hu H, Chen C, Xu B, Wang D. Moderating and mediating effects of resilience between childhood trauma and psychotic-like experiences among college students. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:273. [PMID: 38609907 PMCID: PMC11010362 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05719-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive literature revealed that childhood trauma serves as a significant risk factor for developing psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) among the general population. Resilience has been regarded as a protective factor against PLEs. However, it remains unclear what role resilience plays in the relationship between childhood trauma and PLEs. METHODS A total of 4302 college students completed the web-based survey in January 2021. Participants completed self-report measures of sample characteristics variables, childhood trauma, and PLEs. Moderation and mediation analyses were adopted to examine the associations linking childhood trauma, resilience, and PLEs. RESULTS PLEs were positively associated with childhood trauma while negatively associated with resilience. Resilience played a partially mediating role in the relationship between childhood trauma and PLEs. Additionally, resilience moderated the association of childhood trauma with PLEs. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that resilience plays a crucial role in mediating the relationship between childhood trauma and PLEs, suggesting the potential clinical implication of enhancing resilience for the prevention and intervention of PLEs among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heqiong Hu
- School of New Media Technology, Hunan Mass Media Vocational and Technical College, Changsha, China
- Hunan Academy of Education Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Chunping Chen
- Institute of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bingna Xu
- Institute of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
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Jonas KG, Cannon TD, Docherty AR, Dwyer D, Gur RC, Gur RE, Nelson B, Reininghaus U, Kotov R. Psychosis superspectrum I: Nosology, etiology, and lifespan development. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:1005-1019. [PMID: 38200290 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02388-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
This review describes the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) model of psychosis-related psychopathology, the psychosis superspectrum. The HiTOP psychosis superspectrum was developed to address shortcomings of traditional diagnoses for psychotic disorders and related conditions including low reliability, arbitrary boundaries between psychopathology and normality, high symptom co-occurrence, and heterogeneity within diagnostic categories. The psychosis superspectrum is a transdiagnostic dimensional model comprising two spectra-psychoticism and detachment-which are in turn broken down into fourteen narrow components, and two auxiliary domains-cognition and functional impairment. The structure of the spectra and their components are shown to parallel the genetic structure of psychosis and related traits. Psychoticism and detachment have distinct patterns of association with urbanicity, migrant and ethnic minority status, childhood adversity, and cannabis use. The superspectrum also provides a useful model for describing the emergence and course of psychosis, as components of the superspectrum are relatively stable over time. Changes in psychoticism predict the onset of psychosis-related psychopathology, whereas changes in detachment and cognition define later course. Implications of the superspectrum for genetic, socio-environmental, and longitudinal research are discussed. A companion review focuses on neurobiology, treatment response, and clinical utility of the superspectrum, and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine G Jonas
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anna R Docherty
- Huntsman Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Dominic Dwyer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and the Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and the Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Barnaby Nelson
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health and Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Grattan RE, Mehta A, Clifford A. Disparities in Psychosis Risk Symptoms for New Zealand Māori May Be Explained by Systemic Stressors and Inappropriate Conceptualization of Culturally Normative Experiences. Schizophr Bull 2024; 50:89-95. [PMID: 37318180 PMCID: PMC10754151 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Māori, the indigenous peoples of New Zealand, experience increased rates of psychotic disorders and first-episode psychosis. However, it is unclear whether they also present with increased psychosis risk symptoms, such as subclinical psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). Measurement of risk symptoms is key for early intervention. Further, it is unclear if systemic factors such as the increased rates of social adversity and discrimination or cultural biases contribute to this disparity in psychosis rates. STUDY DESIGN This study surveyed 466 18- to 30-year olds in New Zealand, and compared Māori to non-Māori participant responses on the Prodromal Questionnaire Brief, alongside the history of childhood trauma, discrimination, and financial adversity. STUDY RESULTS Māori reported a higher number of PLEs compared to non-Māori-however, this was not associated with increased distress related to these experiences. The increased number of psychosis-like experiences reported by Māori was likely explained by systemic factors such as childhood trauma, discrimination, and financial stress. Māori were more likely to report that the PLEs were positive. CONCLUSIONS Measurement of psychosis risk for Māori is nuanced, and increased scores on these tools may reflect pathologizing potentially normative experiences for Māori, such as spiritual encounters or discrimination, alongside the impact of increased rates of systemic discrimination, trauma, and financial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Grattan
- School of Psychology, Te Herenga Waka, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Aleesha Mehta
- School of Psychology, Te Herenga Waka, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Amanda Clifford
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Lewis-Fernández R, Chen CN, Olfson M, Interian A, Alegría M. Clinical significance of psychotic-like experiences across U.S. ethnoracial groups. Psychol Med 2023; 53:7666-7676. [PMID: 37272381 PMCID: PMC10755236 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723001496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) - reports of hallucinations and delusional thinking not meeting criteria for psychotic disorder - varies substantially across ethnoracial groups. What explains this range of PLE prevalence? Despite extensive research, the clinical significance of PLEs remains unclear. Are PLE prevalence and clinical severity differentially associated across ethnoracial groups? METHODS We examined the lifetime prevalence and clinical significance of PLEs across ethnoracial groups in the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (N = 11 139) using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) psychosis symptom screener. Outcomes included mental healthcare use (inpatient, outpatient), mental health morbidity (self-perceived poor/fair mental health, suicidal ideation or attempts), and impairment (role interference). Individuals with outcome onsets prior to PLE onset were excluded. We also examined associations of PLEs with CIDI diagnoses. Cox proportional-hazards regression and logistic regression modeling identified associations of interest. RESULTS Contrary to previous reports, only Asian Americans differed significantly from other U.S. ethnoracial groups, reporting lower lifetime prevalence (6.7% v. 8.0-11.9%) and mean number (0.09 v. 0.11-0.18) of PLEs. In multivariate analyses, PLE clinical significance showed limited ethnoracial variation among Asian Americans, non-Caribbean Latinos, and Afro-Caribbeans. In other groups, mental health outcomes showed significant ethnoracial clustering by outcome (e.g. hospitalization and role interference with Caribbean-Latino origin), possibly due to underlying differences in psychiatric disorder chronicity or treatment barriers. CONCLUSIONS While there is limited ethnoracial variation in U.S. PLE prevalence, PLE clinical significance varies across U.S. ethnoracial groups. Clinicians should consider this variation when assessing PLEs to avoid exaggerating their clinical significance, contributing to mental healthcare disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Lewis-Fernández
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chih-nan Chen
- Department of Economics, National Taipei University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Mark Olfson
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alejandro Interian
- Mental Health and Behavioral Sciences, VA New Jersey Healthcare System, Lyons, NJ, USA
| | - Margarita Alegría
- Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Myers N, Hutnyan M, Daley TC, Bello I, Chacon M, Currie A, Davis BJ, Dixon LB, George PE, Giannicchi A, Kwashie AN, McCormick KA, Meyer-Kalos P, Nagendra A, Nayar S, Sarpal DK, Sepahpour TY, Shapiro DI, Taylor-Zoghby J. Pathways Through Early Psychosis Care for U.S. Youths From Ethnically and Racially Minoritized Groups: A Systematic Review. Psychiatr Serv 2023; 74:859-868. [PMID: 36789610 PMCID: PMC10425565 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.20220121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors of this systematic review examined service utilization and outcomes among youths from ethnoracially minoritized groups after the youths initiated treatment for a psychotic disorder-that is, the youths' "pathway through care." Also examined were potential moderating variables in pathways through care for these youths at the clinic, family, and cultural levels. The goal was to describe methodologies, summarize relevant findings, highlight knowledge gaps, and propose future research on pathways through care for young persons from ethnoracially minoritized groups who experience early psychosis. METHODS The PubMed, PsycInfo, and Web of Science literature databases were systematically searched for studies published between January 1, 2010, and June 1, 2021. Included articles were from the United States and focused on young people after they initiated treatment for early psychosis. Eighteen studies met inclusion criteria. RESULTS Sixteen of the 18 studies were published in the past 5 years, and 11 had an explicit focus on race and ethnicity as defined by the studies' authors. Studies varied in terminology, outcomes measures, methodologies, and depth of analysis. Being an individual from an ethnoracially minoritized group appeared to affect care utilization and outcomes. Insufficient research was found about potential moderating variables at the clinic, family, and cultural levels. CONCLUSIONS Studies of pathways through care for persons from minoritized groups warrant further funding and attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neely Myers
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas (Myers, Hutnyan, Chacon); Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Myers); Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina (Daley); New York State Psychiatric Institute (Bello, Dixon, Giannicchi) and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (Bello, Dixon), New York City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Currie, Meyer-Kalos); Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Davis, Taylor-Zoghby); Westat, Rockville, Maryland (George); Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Kwashie); Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (McCormick); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Nagendra); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Nayar, Sarpal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (Sepahpour); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis (Shapiro)
| | - Matthew Hutnyan
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas (Myers, Hutnyan, Chacon); Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Myers); Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina (Daley); New York State Psychiatric Institute (Bello, Dixon, Giannicchi) and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (Bello, Dixon), New York City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Currie, Meyer-Kalos); Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Davis, Taylor-Zoghby); Westat, Rockville, Maryland (George); Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Kwashie); Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (McCormick); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Nagendra); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Nayar, Sarpal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (Sepahpour); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis (Shapiro)
| | - Tamara C Daley
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas (Myers, Hutnyan, Chacon); Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Myers); Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina (Daley); New York State Psychiatric Institute (Bello, Dixon, Giannicchi) and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (Bello, Dixon), New York City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Currie, Meyer-Kalos); Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Davis, Taylor-Zoghby); Westat, Rockville, Maryland (George); Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Kwashie); Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (McCormick); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Nagendra); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Nayar, Sarpal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (Sepahpour); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis (Shapiro)
| | - Iruma Bello
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas (Myers, Hutnyan, Chacon); Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Myers); Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina (Daley); New York State Psychiatric Institute (Bello, Dixon, Giannicchi) and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (Bello, Dixon), New York City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Currie, Meyer-Kalos); Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Davis, Taylor-Zoghby); Westat, Rockville, Maryland (George); Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Kwashie); Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (McCormick); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Nagendra); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Nayar, Sarpal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (Sepahpour); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis (Shapiro)
| | - Marne Chacon
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas (Myers, Hutnyan, Chacon); Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Myers); Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina (Daley); New York State Psychiatric Institute (Bello, Dixon, Giannicchi) and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (Bello, Dixon), New York City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Currie, Meyer-Kalos); Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Davis, Taylor-Zoghby); Westat, Rockville, Maryland (George); Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Kwashie); Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (McCormick); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Nagendra); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Nayar, Sarpal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (Sepahpour); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis (Shapiro)
| | - Ariel Currie
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas (Myers, Hutnyan, Chacon); Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Myers); Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina (Daley); New York State Psychiatric Institute (Bello, Dixon, Giannicchi) and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (Bello, Dixon), New York City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Currie, Meyer-Kalos); Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Davis, Taylor-Zoghby); Westat, Rockville, Maryland (George); Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Kwashie); Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (McCormick); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Nagendra); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Nayar, Sarpal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (Sepahpour); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis (Shapiro)
| | - Beshaun J Davis
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas (Myers, Hutnyan, Chacon); Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Myers); Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina (Daley); New York State Psychiatric Institute (Bello, Dixon, Giannicchi) and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (Bello, Dixon), New York City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Currie, Meyer-Kalos); Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Davis, Taylor-Zoghby); Westat, Rockville, Maryland (George); Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Kwashie); Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (McCormick); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Nagendra); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Nayar, Sarpal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (Sepahpour); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis (Shapiro)
| | - Lisa B Dixon
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas (Myers, Hutnyan, Chacon); Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Myers); Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina (Daley); New York State Psychiatric Institute (Bello, Dixon, Giannicchi) and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (Bello, Dixon), New York City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Currie, Meyer-Kalos); Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Davis, Taylor-Zoghby); Westat, Rockville, Maryland (George); Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Kwashie); Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (McCormick); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Nagendra); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Nayar, Sarpal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (Sepahpour); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis (Shapiro)
| | - Preethy E George
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas (Myers, Hutnyan, Chacon); Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Myers); Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina (Daley); New York State Psychiatric Institute (Bello, Dixon, Giannicchi) and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (Bello, Dixon), New York City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Currie, Meyer-Kalos); Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Davis, Taylor-Zoghby); Westat, Rockville, Maryland (George); Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Kwashie); Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (McCormick); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Nagendra); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Nayar, Sarpal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (Sepahpour); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis (Shapiro)
| | - Anna Giannicchi
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas (Myers, Hutnyan, Chacon); Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Myers); Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina (Daley); New York State Psychiatric Institute (Bello, Dixon, Giannicchi) and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (Bello, Dixon), New York City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Currie, Meyer-Kalos); Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Davis, Taylor-Zoghby); Westat, Rockville, Maryland (George); Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Kwashie); Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (McCormick); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Nagendra); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Nayar, Sarpal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (Sepahpour); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis (Shapiro)
| | - Anita N Kwashie
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas (Myers, Hutnyan, Chacon); Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Myers); Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina (Daley); New York State Psychiatric Institute (Bello, Dixon, Giannicchi) and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (Bello, Dixon), New York City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Currie, Meyer-Kalos); Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Davis, Taylor-Zoghby); Westat, Rockville, Maryland (George); Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Kwashie); Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (McCormick); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Nagendra); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Nayar, Sarpal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (Sepahpour); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis (Shapiro)
| | - Katie A McCormick
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas (Myers, Hutnyan, Chacon); Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Myers); Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina (Daley); New York State Psychiatric Institute (Bello, Dixon, Giannicchi) and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (Bello, Dixon), New York City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Currie, Meyer-Kalos); Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Davis, Taylor-Zoghby); Westat, Rockville, Maryland (George); Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Kwashie); Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (McCormick); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Nagendra); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Nayar, Sarpal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (Sepahpour); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis (Shapiro)
| | - Piper Meyer-Kalos
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas (Myers, Hutnyan, Chacon); Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Myers); Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina (Daley); New York State Psychiatric Institute (Bello, Dixon, Giannicchi) and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (Bello, Dixon), New York City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Currie, Meyer-Kalos); Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Davis, Taylor-Zoghby); Westat, Rockville, Maryland (George); Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Kwashie); Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (McCormick); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Nagendra); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Nayar, Sarpal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (Sepahpour); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis (Shapiro)
| | - Arundati Nagendra
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas (Myers, Hutnyan, Chacon); Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Myers); Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina (Daley); New York State Psychiatric Institute (Bello, Dixon, Giannicchi) and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (Bello, Dixon), New York City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Currie, Meyer-Kalos); Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Davis, Taylor-Zoghby); Westat, Rockville, Maryland (George); Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Kwashie); Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (McCormick); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Nagendra); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Nayar, Sarpal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (Sepahpour); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis (Shapiro)
| | - Swati Nayar
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas (Myers, Hutnyan, Chacon); Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Myers); Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina (Daley); New York State Psychiatric Institute (Bello, Dixon, Giannicchi) and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (Bello, Dixon), New York City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Currie, Meyer-Kalos); Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Davis, Taylor-Zoghby); Westat, Rockville, Maryland (George); Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Kwashie); Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (McCormick); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Nagendra); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Nayar, Sarpal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (Sepahpour); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis (Shapiro)
| | - Deepak K Sarpal
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas (Myers, Hutnyan, Chacon); Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Myers); Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina (Daley); New York State Psychiatric Institute (Bello, Dixon, Giannicchi) and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (Bello, Dixon), New York City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Currie, Meyer-Kalos); Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Davis, Taylor-Zoghby); Westat, Rockville, Maryland (George); Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Kwashie); Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (McCormick); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Nagendra); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Nayar, Sarpal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (Sepahpour); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis (Shapiro)
| | - Tiana Y Sepahpour
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas (Myers, Hutnyan, Chacon); Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Myers); Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina (Daley); New York State Psychiatric Institute (Bello, Dixon, Giannicchi) and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (Bello, Dixon), New York City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Currie, Meyer-Kalos); Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Davis, Taylor-Zoghby); Westat, Rockville, Maryland (George); Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Kwashie); Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (McCormick); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Nagendra); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Nayar, Sarpal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (Sepahpour); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis (Shapiro)
| | - Daniel I Shapiro
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas (Myers, Hutnyan, Chacon); Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Myers); Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina (Daley); New York State Psychiatric Institute (Bello, Dixon, Giannicchi) and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (Bello, Dixon), New York City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Currie, Meyer-Kalos); Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Davis, Taylor-Zoghby); Westat, Rockville, Maryland (George); Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Kwashie); Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (McCormick); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Nagendra); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Nayar, Sarpal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (Sepahpour); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis (Shapiro)
| | - Jessica Taylor-Zoghby
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas (Myers, Hutnyan, Chacon); Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Myers); Abt Associates, Durham, North Carolina (Daley); New York State Psychiatric Institute (Bello, Dixon, Giannicchi) and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (Bello, Dixon), New York City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Currie, Meyer-Kalos); Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (Davis, Taylor-Zoghby); Westat, Rockville, Maryland (George); Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Kwashie); Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (McCormick); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Nagendra); Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Nayar, Sarpal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (Sepahpour); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis (Shapiro)
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7
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Anglin DM, Lui F. Racial microaggressions and major discriminatory events explain ethnoracial differences in psychotic experiences. Schizophr Res 2023; 253:5-13. [PMID: 34750038 PMCID: PMC11056996 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Few empirical studies have examined whether exposure to major racial discrimination explains ethnoracial disparities in psychosis outcomes and none to our knowledge have done so in the U.S. or have examined the role of other forms of racism such as racial microaggressions. The present study examined ethnoracial differences in self-reported psychotic experiences (PE) among 955 college students in an urban environment in the Northeastern U.S., and the degree to which major experiences of racial discrimination and racial microaggressions explains ethnoracial differences in PE. Mean scores on self-report inventories of PE and distressing PE (i.e., Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ)), major experiences of racial discrimination (EOD), and racial and ethnic microaggressions (REMS) were compared across 4 ethnoracial groups (White, Black, Asian, and Latina/o). Results from parallel mediation linear regression models adjusted for immigrant status, age, gender, and family poverty using the Hayes PROCESS application indicated ethnoracial differences in PE were explained independently by both forms of racism. Specifically, Black young people reported higher mean levels of PE, and distressing PE than both White and Latina/o people and the difference in PE between Black and White and Black and Latino/a young people was significantly explained by both greater exposure to racial microaggressions and major racial discriminatory experiences among Black people. This study re-emphasizes the explanatory role of racism, in its multiple forms, for psychosis risk among Black young populations in the US. Anti-racism interventions at both structural and interpersonal levels are necessary components of public health efforts to improve mental health in Black populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deidre M Anglin
- Department of Psychology, The City College of New York, City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, North Academic Center, New York, NY 10031, United States of America; The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, United States of America.
| | - Florence Lui
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 641 Lexington Ave., New York, NY 10022, United States of America
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8
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Brance K, Chatzimpyros V, Bentall RP. Increased social identification is linked with lower depressive and anxiety symptoms among ethnic minorities and migrants: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2023; 99:102216. [PMID: 36379127 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that social identities, which provide purpose and a sense of belonging to the social world, promote resilience against psychological strain and protect well-being. This is especially important in ethnic minorities, who experience exclusion and discrimination from the majority group, and in migrant populations where adverse experiences, such as prejudice, disconnection from previous identities and issues of integration into the host country, negatively impact well-being. Drawing from the social identity theory, a meta-analysis was conducted examining the influence of group memberships and sense of belonging on ethnic minority and migrant mental health (depression and anxiety). The final search on three databases (i.e., PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science) was conducted on August 9th, 2022, identifying 3236 citations before removing any duplicates within and between databases. Across the 74 studies that met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis, increased social identification (ethnic, national and other types of identification) was associated with low psychological symptoms. We found that social identification is protective against common psychological disorders but with small effect sizes for depression (r = - 0.09, CI = [- 0.12; - 0.06]) and anxiety (r = - 0.08, CI [- 0.12; - 0.03]). Results are discussed with regard to the role that social context plays on ethnic minority and migrant mental health and the importance of facilitating migrant integration with the host society after displacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Brance
- Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, UK; South East European Research Center, SEERC, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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9
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Bolhuis K, Steenkamp LR, Tiemeier H, Blanken L, Pingault JB, Cecil CAM, El Marroun H. A Prospective Cohort Study on the Intergenerational Transmission of Childhood Adversity and Subsequent Risk of Psychotic Experiences in Adolescence. Schizophr Bull 2022; 49:799-808. [PMID: 36548471 PMCID: PMC10154714 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Previous studies have shown a robust relationship between childhood adversity and subsequent psychotic symptoms. However, the role of familial risk factors underlying this relationship remains largely unclear. Here, we tested whether offspring childhood adversity and postnatal maternal psychopathology mediated the relationship between maternal childhood adversity and offspring psychotic experiences. STUDY DESIGN N = 3068 mother-offspring dyads were included. Maternal history of childhood adversity was retrospectively assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire during pregnancy. Maternal psychopathology was assessed during and after pregnancy. Twenty-four offspring childhood adversities were assessed by maternal interview when the child was 10 years old. Offspring psychotic experiences were examined using self-report at 14 years. Structural equation mediation models were conducted to explore whether maternal postnatal psychopathology and offspring childhood adversities sequentially mediated the relationship between maternal childhood adversity and offspring psychotic experiences. Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic confounders. STUDY RESULTS Maternal history of childhood adversity was associated with offspring childhood adversities (β = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.16). Offspring childhood adversity mediated the association of maternal childhood adversity with offspring hallucinations (βindirect effect = 0.008, 95% CI: 0.002 to 0.014, proportion mediated = 16.3%) and delusions (βindirect effect = 0.006, 95% CI: 0.000 to 0.012, proportion mediated = 13.1%). CONCLUSIONS Intergenerational transmission of childhood adversity can be considered of relevance in the etiology of psychosis vulnerability and can potentially serve as a modifiable risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Bolhuis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa R Steenkamp
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Laura Blanken
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC - location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Baptiste Pingault
- Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Charlotte A M Cecil
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hanan El Marroun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Fekih-Romdhane F, Pandi-Perumal SR, Conus P, Krebs MO, Cheour M, Seeman MV, Jahrami HA. Prevalence and risk factors of self-reported psychotic experiences among high school and college students: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2022; 146:492-514. [PMID: 36000793 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents are at high risk of incident psychopathology. Fleeting psychotic experiences (PEs) that emerge in young people in response to stress may be warning signs that are missed by research that fails to study stressed populations, such as late high school and college/university students. Our aim in this systematic review was to conduct a meta-analysis that estimates prevalence rates of PEs in students, and to assess whether these rates differ by gender, age, culture, and COVID-19 exposure. METHOD We searched nine electronic databases, from their inception until January 31, 2022 for relevant studies. We pooled the estimates using the DerSimonian-Laird technique and random-effects meta-analysis. Our main outcome was the prevalence of self-reported PEs in high school and college/university students. We subsequently analyzed our data by age, gender, population, country, culture, evaluation tool, and COVID-19 exposure. RESULTS Out of 486 studies retrieved, a total of 59 independent studies met inclusion criteria reporting 210' 024 students from 21 different countries. Nearly one in four students (23.31%; 95% CI 18.41%-29.05%), reported having experienced PEs (heterogeneity [Q = 22,698.23 (62), p = 0.001] τ2 = 1.4418 [1.0415-2.1391], τ = 1.2007 [1.0205-1.4626], I2 = 99.7%, H = 19.13 [18.59-19.69]). The 95% prediction intervals were 04.01%-68.85%. Subgroup analyses showed that the pooled prevalence differed significantly by population, culture, and COVID-19 exposure. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis revealed high prevalence rates of self-reported PEs among teen and young adult students, which may have significance for mental health screening in school settings. An important realization is that PEs may have very different mental health meaning in different cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention is Psychiatry, Department of psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi Hospital, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal
- Somnogen Canada Inc., Toronto, Canada.,Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Philippe Conus
- Service of General Psychiatry, Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program (TIPP-Lausanne), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Odile Krebs
- Inserm, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des maladies Psychiatriques, UMR_S1266 Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Institut de Psychiatrie (CNRS GDR 3557), Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Majda Cheour
- Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention is Psychiatry, Department of psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi Hospital, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Mary V Seeman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Haitham A Jahrami
- Psychiatric Hospital, Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
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11
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Barbato M, Liu L, Bearden CE, Cadenhead KS, Cornblatt BA, Keshavan M, Mathalon DH, McGlashan TH, Perkins DO, Seidman LJ, Stone W, Tsuang MT, Walker EF, Woods SW, Cannon TD, Addington J. Migrant status, clinical symptoms and functional outcome in youth at clinical high risk for psychosis: findings from the NAPLS-3 study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 58:559-568. [PMID: 36348056 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02383-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Migrant status is a known risk factor for psychosis, but the underlying causes of this vulnerability are poorly understood. Recently, studies have begun to explore whether migrant status predicts transition to psychosis in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. Results, however, have been inconclusive. The present study assessed the impact of migrant status on clinical symptoms and functional outcome in individuals at CHR for psychosis who took part in the NAPLS-3 study. METHODS Participants' migrant status was classified as native-born, first-generation, or second-generation migrant. Clinical symptoms were assessed using the Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes (SIPS); functional outcome was measured using the Global Functioning Scales:Social and Role (GF:S; GF:R). Assessments were conducted at baseline, 12-months, 18-months, and 24-months follow-up. Generalized linear mixed models for repeated measures were used to examine changes over time and differences between groups. RESULTS The overall sample included 710 individuals at CHR for psychosis (54.2% males; Age: M = 18.19; SD = 4.04). A mixed model analysis was conducted, and no significant differences between groups in symptoms or functioning were observed at any time point. Over time, significant improvement in symptoms and functioning was observed within each group. Transition rates did not differ across groups. CONCLUSION We discuss potential factors that might explain the lack of group differences. Overall, migrants are a heterogeneous population. Discerning the impact of migration from that of neighborhood ethnic density, social disadvantage or socio-economic status of different ethnic groups could help better understand vulnerability and resilience to psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariapaola Barbato
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, UAE
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSF, and SFVA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Diana O Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Larry J Seidman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William Stone
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ming T Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSD, San Diego, CA, USA
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elaine F Walker
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Scott W Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jean Addington
- Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
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12
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Karcher NR, Klaunig MJ, Elsayed NM, Taylor RL, Jay SY, Schiffman J. Understanding Associations Between Race/Ethnicity, Experiences of Discrimination, and Psychotic-like Experiences in Middle Childhood. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 61:1262-1272. [PMID: 35378237 PMCID: PMC9525459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2022.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to examine factors that may account for race/ethnicity differences in psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) in a middle childhood sample, including evidence for experiences of discrimination as a psychosocial mediator of these differences. METHOD In a sample of 9- to 10-year-olds (N = 10,839) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study, we compared PLEs across racial/ethnic groups. We also examined whether experiences of discrimination indirectly linked racial/ethnic identity and PLEs and whether social support moderated this indirect association. RESULTS Differences between racial/ethnic groups were found in the endorsement of PLEs, such that Black and Hispanic participants endorsed higher levels of PLEs compared with Asian, multiracial/multiethnic, and White participants. These differences were accounted for in part by experiences of discrimination, an indirect effect that was in turn attenuated by increased social support. CONCLUSION This is the first study to suggest that the experience of discrimination may indirectly link the association between racial/ethnic differences and endorsement of PLEs using the Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief Child Version and additionally that social support may act as a moderator of this mediation. Results provide evidence that social inequities such as racial discrimination may contribute to increases in PLEs. These findings shed further light on the links between structural racism and mental health inequities for people in minoritized groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mallory J Klaunig
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County; University of California, Irvine
| | | | | | | | - Jason Schiffman
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County; University of California, Irvine
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13
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Staines L, Healy C, Coughlan H, Clarke M, Kelleher I, Cotter D, Cannon M. Psychotic experiences in the general population, a review; definition, risk factors, outcomes and interventions. Psychol Med 2022; 52:1-12. [PMID: 36004805 PMCID: PMC9772919 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722002550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Psychotic experiences (PE) are common in the general population, in particular in childhood, adolescence and young adulthood. PE have been shown to be associated with an increased risk for later psychotic disorders, mental disorders, and poorer functioning. Recent findings have highlighted the relevance of PE to many fields of healthcare, including treatment response in clinical services for anxiety & depression treatment, healthcare costs and service use. Despite PE relevance to many areas of mental health, and healthcare research, there remains a gap of information between PE researchers and experts in other fields. With this review, we aim to bridge this gap by providing a broad overview of the current state of PE research, and future directions. This narrative review aims to provide an broad overview of the literature on psychotic experiences, under the following headings: (1) Definition and Measurement of PE; (2) Risk Factors for PE; (3) PE and Health; (4) PE and Psychosocial Functioning; (5) Interventions for PE, (6) Future Directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna Staines
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Colm Healy
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Helen Coughlan
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mary Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department Psychology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department Psychiatry Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Ian Kelleher
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Lucena Clinic Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, Rathgar, Dublin 6, Ireland
| | - David Cotter
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department Psychiatry Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Mary Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department Psychiatry Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
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14
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Delusional Disorder in Old Age: A Hypothesis-Driven Review of Recent Work Focusing on Epidemiology, Clinical Aspects, and Outcomes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137911. [PMID: 35805570 PMCID: PMC9265728 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The theme, strength, and duration of a delusion are considered important in distinguishing one psychosis of old age from another. Research results, however, are mostly based on studies conducted on one form of psychosis, namely schizophrenia. The aim of this hypothesis-driven narrative review is to gather clinically important information about the psychosis identified as delusional disorder (DD), as it affects persons of senior age. We hypothesized that DD becomes relatively prevalent in old age, especially in women; and that it is associated with demonstrable brain changes, which, in turn, are associated with cognitive defects and poor pharmacological response, thus increasing the risk of aggression and suicide. Computerized searches in PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov were conducted using the following search terms: (delusional disorder) AND (elderly OR old OR aged OR psychogeriatrics). A total of 16 recent studies (including case reports) were reviewed. Our hypotheses could not be definitively confirmed because research evidence is lacking. In order to improve eventual outcomes, our literature search demonstrates the need for more targeted, well-designed studies.
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15
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O'Gallagher K, Teo JTH, Shah AM, Gaughran F. Interaction Between Race, Ethnicity, Severe Mental Illness, and Cardiovascular Disease. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e025621. [PMID: 35699192 PMCID: PMC9238657 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.025621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Severe mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, affect ≈1% of the population who, as a group, experience significant disadvantage in terms of physical health and reduced life expectancy. In this review, we explore the interaction between race, ethnicity, severe mental illness, and cardiovascular disease, with a focus on cardiovascular care pathways. Finally, we discuss strategies to investigate and address disparities in cardiovascular care for patients with severe mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin O'Gallagher
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research ExcellenceKing’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - James TH. Teo
- King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Ajay M. Shah
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research ExcellenceKing’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Fiona Gaughran
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
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16
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Eger G, Reuven Y, Dreiher J, Shvartzman P, Weiser M, Aizenberg D, Weizman A, Lev-Ran S. Effects of country of origin and wave of immigration on prevalence of schizophrenia among first and second-generation immigrants: A 30-year retrospective study. Schizophr Res 2022; 243:247-253. [PMID: 32229262 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the rates of schizophrenia among 1st and 2nd generation immigrants from two distinct backgrounds and across sequential periods of immigration. METHODS A 30-years retrospective cohort study (187,184 individuals) of 1st and 2nd generation East-African immigrants (EAIs) and former Soviet-Union immigrants (FSUIs) who migrated to Israel between 1980 and 2012. EAIs were further divided according to waves of immigration. Period prevalence was calculated between the years 2002-2012. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the association between immigration-related factors and prevalence of schizophrenia (Native-Born Israelis serving as reference group). RESULTS The prevalence of schizophrenia in 1st generation EAIs and FSUIs was 1.8% and 1.2%, respectively, compared to 1.0% among NBIs (p<0.001). The prevalence of schizophrenia among 2nd generation EAIs and FSUIs was 1.3% and 0.8%, respectively, compared to 0.6% among NBIs (p<0.001). Adjusted odds ratios for developing schizophrenia compared to NBIs were 1.6 (95%CI:1.4-1.8) and 2.1 (95%CI:1.6-2.7), among 1st and 2nd generation EAIs and 1.1 (95%CI:0.9-1.2) and 1.3 (95%CI:1.0-1.8) among 1st and 2nd generation FSUIs respectively. Among EAIs, we observed the highest rate of schizophrenia in the pioneer wave of immigrants with gradual decline across subsequent waves: 2.4%, 1.9% and 1.0% for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd waves of immigration, respectively (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The increased risk for developing schizophrenia among 2nd generation immigrants and among pioneer groups of immigrants emphasizes the importance of persistent investment in acculturation. Further studies elucidating the impact of country of origin and ethnic density on the risk for developing schizophrenia are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Eger
- Geha Mental Health Center, Israel.
| | - Y Reuven
- Siaal Research Center for Family Medicine and Primary Care, Division of Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
| | - J Dreiher
- Siaal Research Center for Family Medicine and Primary Care, Division of Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel.
| | - P Shvartzman
- Siaal Research Center for Family Medicine and Primary Care, Division of Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel.
| | - M Weiser
- Psychiatry division, "Sheba" Medical Center, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
| | | | | | - S Lev-Ran
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel; Lev-Hasharon Mental Health Center, Israel
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17
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Oh H, DeVylder JE, Koyanagi A. Psychotic experiences as a health indicator: A provisional framework. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2022; 68:244-252. [PMID: 33554709 DOI: 10.1177/0020764021992809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Oh
- Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jordan E DeVylder
- Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)
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18
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Cardno AG, Selzam S, Freeman D, Ronald A. Psychotic-Like Experiences in Adolescence Occurring in Combination or Isolation: Associations with Schizophrenia Risk Factors. PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE 2021; 3:67-75. [PMID: 34853828 PMCID: PMC8609425 DOI: 10.1176/appi.prcp.20200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Individual adolescent psychotic‐like experiences (PLEs) are associated with schizophrenia risk factors. As DSM‐5 schizophrenia requires the co‐occurrence of at least two psychotic symptoms, we investigated whether co‐occurring adolescent PLEs have stronger associations with schizophrenia risk factors, lower quality of life and functioning, and have higher heritability, than individual PLEs. Methods Participants were 9646 16‐year‐old twins from the longitudinal Twins Early Development Study. We investigated co‐occurrence of high questionnaire scores for three PLE combinations: (1) paranoia and hallucinations; (2) paranoia or hallucinations, and cognitive disorganization; and (3) paranoia or hallucinations, and negative symptoms, and their associations with 11 schizophrenia‐relevant variables by regression analysis and structural equation twin modeling. Results Against expectation, none of the co‐occurring PLEs had the nominally strongest associations significantly more often than individual PLEs. Co‐occurring PLEs had the strongest associations with bullying victimization, cannabis use and lower life satisfaction, but individual PLEs had the strongest associations with cognitive function variables. Obstetric complications were most associated with negative symptoms. Secondary analysis revealed that co‐occurrence of cognitive disorganization and negative symptoms had the nominally strongest associations with most schizophrenia‐relevant variables overall and relatively high heritability (67%). Conclusions Focusing on co‐occurrence enhances some individual PLE associations but obscures others. The combination of subjective cognitive disorganization plus observed negative symptoms showed a broad range of enhanced associations with schizophrenia‐relevant variables. Future research could investigate associations with other risk factors and the ability of this PLE combination to predict onset of schizophrenia. Focusing on co‐occurring psychotic‐like experiences (PLEs) in adolescence enhances some individual PLE associations but may obscure others While victimization, cannabis use, and lower life satisfaction have broad associations with PLE combinations, cognitive variables are most associated with cognitive disorganization and negative symptoms, and obstetric complications are most associated with negative symptoms The combination of subjective cognitive disorganization and observed negative symptoms has a relatively broad range of enhanced associations with schizophrenia‐relevant variables and relatively high heritability
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair G Cardno
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Leeds Leeds
| | - Saskia Selzam
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London
| | - Daniel Freeman
- Department of Psychiatry Oxford Cognitive Approaches to Psychosis (O-CAP) University of Oxford Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust Oxford
| | - Angelica Ronald
- Department of Psychological Sciences Genes Environment Lifespan (GEL) Laboratory Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development Birkbeck, University of London London
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Baker SJ, Jackson M, Jongsma H, Saville CWN. The ethnic density effect in psychosis: a systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry 2021; 219:632-643. [PMID: 35048877 PMCID: PMC8636614 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2021.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An 'ethnic' or 'group' density effect in psychosis has been observed, whereby the risk of psychosis in minority group individuals is inversely related to neighbourhood-level proportions of others belonging to the same group. However, there is conflicting evidence over whether this effect differs between minority groups and limited investigation into other moderators. AIMS To conduct a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the group density effect in psychosis and examine moderators. METHOD Four databases were systematically searched. A narrative review was conducted and a three-level meta-analysis was performed. The potential moderating effect of crudely and specifically defined minority groups was assessed. Country, time, area size and whether studies used clinical or non-clinical outcomes were also tested as moderators. RESULTS Thirty-two studies were included in the narrative review and ten in the meta-analysis. A 10 percentage-point decrease in own-group density was associated with a 20% increase in psychosis risk (OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.09-1.32, P < 0.001). This was moderated by crudely defined minority groups (F6,68 = 6.86, P < 0.001), with the strongest associations observed in Black populations, followed by a White Other sample. Greater heterogeneity was observed when specific minority groups were assessed (F25,49 = 7.26, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This is the first review to provide meta-analytic evidence that the risk of psychosis posed by lower own-group density varies across minority groups, with the strongest associations observed in Black individuals. Heterogeneity in effect sizes may reflect distinctive social experiences of specific minority groups. Potential mechanisms are discussed, along with the implications of findings and suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie J. Baker
- School of Psychology, Bangor University, UK,Correspondence: Sophie J. Baker.
| | - Mike Jackson
- North Wales Clinical Psychology Programme, School of Psychology, Bangor University; and Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, UK
| | - Hannah Jongsma
- Centre for Transcultural Psychiatry Veldzicht, Balkbrug; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen; and University Medical Centre Groningen, The Netherlands
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20
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Moore D, Castagnini E, Mifsud N, Geros H, Sizer H, Addington J, van der Gaag M, Nelson B, McGorry P, O'Donoghue B. The associations between migrant status and ethnicity and the identification of individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis and transition to psychosis: a systematic review. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:1923-1941. [PMID: 33641006 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Migrant and ethnic minority populations exhibit a higher incidence of psychotic disorders. The Ultra-High Risk for psychosis (UHR) paradigm provides an opportunity to explore the stage at which such factors influence the development of psychosis. In this systematic review, we collate and appraise the literature on the association between ethnicity and migrant status and the rate of identification of individuals at UHR, as well as their rate of transition to psychosis. METHODS We conducted a systematic review in the Ovid Medline, PsychINFO, Pubmed, CINAHL and EMBASE databases according to PRISMA guidelines. We included studies written in English that included an UHR cohort, provided a measure of ethnicity or migrant status, and examined the incidence, rate, or risk of UHR identification or transition to psychosis. RESULTS Of 2182 unique articles identified, seven fulfilled the criteria. One study found overrepresentation of UHR individuals from black ethnic groups, while another found underrepresentation. Two studies found increased rates of transition among certain ethnic groups and a further two found no association. Regarding migrant status, one study found that first-generation migrants were underrepresented in an UHR sample. Lastly, a lower transition rate in migrant populations was identified in one study, while two found no association. CONCLUSION Rates of UHR identification and transition according to ethnic and migrant status were inconsistent and insufficient to conclusively explain higher incidences of psychotic disorders among these groups. We discuss the clinical implications and avenues for future research, which is required to clarify the nature of the associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Moore
- Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emily Castagnini
- Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nathan Mifsud
- Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hellen Geros
- Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Holly Sizer
- Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jean Addington
- Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mark van der Gaag
- Department of Psychosis Research, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barnaby Nelson
- Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Patrick McGorry
- Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brian O'Donoghue
- Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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21
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Anglin DM, Ereshefsky S, Klaunig MJ, Bridgwater MA, Niendam TA, Ellman LM, DeVylder J, Thayer G, Bolden K, Musket CW, Grattan RE, Lincoln SH, Schiffman J, Lipner E, Bachman P, Corcoran CM, Mota NB, van der Ven E. From Womb to Neighborhood: A Racial Analysis of Social Determinants of Psychosis in the United States. Am J Psychiatry 2021; 178:599-610. [PMID: 33934608 PMCID: PMC8655820 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20071091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The authors examine U.S.-based evidence that connects characteristics of the social environment with outcomes across the psychosis continuum, from psychotic experiences to schizophrenia. The notion that inequitable social and economic systems of society significantly influence psychosis risk through proxies, such as racial minority and immigrant statuses, has been studied more extensively in European countries. While there are existing international reviews of social determinants of psychosis, none to the authors' knowledge focus on factors in the U.S. context specifically-an omission that leaves domestic treatment development and prevention efforts incomplete and underinformed. In this review, the authors first describe how a legacy of structural racism in the United States has shaped the social gradient, highlighting consequential racial inequities in environmental conditions. The authors offer a hypothesized model linking structural racism with psychosis risk through interwoven intermediary factors based on existing theoretical models and a review of the literature. Neighborhood factors, cumulative trauma and stress, and prenatal and perinatal complications were three key areas selected for review because they reflect social and environmental conditions that may affect psychosis risk through a common pathway shaped by structural racism. The authors describe evidence showing that Black and Latino people in the United States suffer disproportionately from risk factors within these three key areas, in large part as a result of racial discrimination and social disadvantage. This broad focus on individual and community factors is intended to provide a consolidated space to review this growing body of research and to guide continued inquiries into social determinants of psychosis in U.S. contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deidre M Anglin
- Department of Psychology, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York (Anglin, Thayer); Graduate Center, City University of New York (Anglin); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento (Ereshefsky, Niendam, Bolden, Grattan); Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (Klaunig, Bridgwater, Schiffman); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Ellman, Lipner); Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York (DeVylder); Department of Psychology (Musket) and Department of Psychiatry (Bachman), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; ISN Innovations, Institute for Social Neuroscience, Ivanhoe, Australia (Grattan); Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (Lincoln); Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine (Schiffman); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, and James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Corcoran); Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil (Mota); Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York (van der Ven); School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (van der Ven); Department of Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, Amsterdam (van der Ven)
| | - Sabrina Ereshefsky
- Department of Psychology, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York (Anglin, Thayer); Graduate Center, City University of New York (Anglin); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento (Ereshefsky, Niendam, Bolden, Grattan); Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (Klaunig, Bridgwater, Schiffman); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Ellman, Lipner); Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York (DeVylder); Department of Psychology (Musket) and Department of Psychiatry (Bachman), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; ISN Innovations, Institute for Social Neuroscience, Ivanhoe, Australia (Grattan); Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (Lincoln); Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine (Schiffman); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, and James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Corcoran); Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil (Mota); Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York (van der Ven); School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (van der Ven); Department of Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, Amsterdam (van der Ven)
| | - Mallory J Klaunig
- Department of Psychology, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York (Anglin, Thayer); Graduate Center, City University of New York (Anglin); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento (Ereshefsky, Niendam, Bolden, Grattan); Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (Klaunig, Bridgwater, Schiffman); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Ellman, Lipner); Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York (DeVylder); Department of Psychology (Musket) and Department of Psychiatry (Bachman), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; ISN Innovations, Institute for Social Neuroscience, Ivanhoe, Australia (Grattan); Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (Lincoln); Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine (Schiffman); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, and James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Corcoran); Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil (Mota); Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York (van der Ven); School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (van der Ven); Department of Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, Amsterdam (van der Ven)
| | - Miranda A Bridgwater
- Department of Psychology, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York (Anglin, Thayer); Graduate Center, City University of New York (Anglin); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento (Ereshefsky, Niendam, Bolden, Grattan); Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (Klaunig, Bridgwater, Schiffman); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Ellman, Lipner); Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York (DeVylder); Department of Psychology (Musket) and Department of Psychiatry (Bachman), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; ISN Innovations, Institute for Social Neuroscience, Ivanhoe, Australia (Grattan); Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (Lincoln); Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine (Schiffman); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, and James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Corcoran); Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil (Mota); Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York (van der Ven); School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (van der Ven); Department of Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, Amsterdam (van der Ven)
| | - Tara A Niendam
- Department of Psychology, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York (Anglin, Thayer); Graduate Center, City University of New York (Anglin); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento (Ereshefsky, Niendam, Bolden, Grattan); Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (Klaunig, Bridgwater, Schiffman); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Ellman, Lipner); Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York (DeVylder); Department of Psychology (Musket) and Department of Psychiatry (Bachman), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; ISN Innovations, Institute for Social Neuroscience, Ivanhoe, Australia (Grattan); Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (Lincoln); Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine (Schiffman); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, and James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Corcoran); Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil (Mota); Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York (van der Ven); School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (van der Ven); Department of Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, Amsterdam (van der Ven)
| | - Lauren M Ellman
- Department of Psychology, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York (Anglin, Thayer); Graduate Center, City University of New York (Anglin); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento (Ereshefsky, Niendam, Bolden, Grattan); Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (Klaunig, Bridgwater, Schiffman); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Ellman, Lipner); Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York (DeVylder); Department of Psychology (Musket) and Department of Psychiatry (Bachman), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; ISN Innovations, Institute for Social Neuroscience, Ivanhoe, Australia (Grattan); Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (Lincoln); Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine (Schiffman); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, and James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Corcoran); Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil (Mota); Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York (van der Ven); School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (van der Ven); Department of Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, Amsterdam (van der Ven)
| | - Jordan DeVylder
- Department of Psychology, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York (Anglin, Thayer); Graduate Center, City University of New York (Anglin); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento (Ereshefsky, Niendam, Bolden, Grattan); Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (Klaunig, Bridgwater, Schiffman); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Ellman, Lipner); Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York (DeVylder); Department of Psychology (Musket) and Department of Psychiatry (Bachman), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; ISN Innovations, Institute for Social Neuroscience, Ivanhoe, Australia (Grattan); Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (Lincoln); Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine (Schiffman); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, and James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Corcoran); Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil (Mota); Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York (van der Ven); School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (van der Ven); Department of Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, Amsterdam (van der Ven)
| | - Griffin Thayer
- Department of Psychology, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York (Anglin, Thayer); Graduate Center, City University of New York (Anglin); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento (Ereshefsky, Niendam, Bolden, Grattan); Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (Klaunig, Bridgwater, Schiffman); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Ellman, Lipner); Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York (DeVylder); Department of Psychology (Musket) and Department of Psychiatry (Bachman), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; ISN Innovations, Institute for Social Neuroscience, Ivanhoe, Australia (Grattan); Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (Lincoln); Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine (Schiffman); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, and James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Corcoran); Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil (Mota); Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York (van der Ven); School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (van der Ven); Department of Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, Amsterdam (van der Ven)
| | - Khalima Bolden
- Department of Psychology, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York (Anglin, Thayer); Graduate Center, City University of New York (Anglin); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento (Ereshefsky, Niendam, Bolden, Grattan); Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (Klaunig, Bridgwater, Schiffman); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Ellman, Lipner); Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York (DeVylder); Department of Psychology (Musket) and Department of Psychiatry (Bachman), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; ISN Innovations, Institute for Social Neuroscience, Ivanhoe, Australia (Grattan); Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (Lincoln); Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine (Schiffman); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, and James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Corcoran); Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil (Mota); Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York (van der Ven); School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (van der Ven); Department of Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, Amsterdam (van der Ven)
| | - Christie W Musket
- Department of Psychology, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York (Anglin, Thayer); Graduate Center, City University of New York (Anglin); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento (Ereshefsky, Niendam, Bolden, Grattan); Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (Klaunig, Bridgwater, Schiffman); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Ellman, Lipner); Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York (DeVylder); Department of Psychology (Musket) and Department of Psychiatry (Bachman), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; ISN Innovations, Institute for Social Neuroscience, Ivanhoe, Australia (Grattan); Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (Lincoln); Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine (Schiffman); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, and James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Corcoran); Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil (Mota); Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York (van der Ven); School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (van der Ven); Department of Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, Amsterdam (van der Ven)
| | - Rebecca E Grattan
- Department of Psychology, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York (Anglin, Thayer); Graduate Center, City University of New York (Anglin); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento (Ereshefsky, Niendam, Bolden, Grattan); Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (Klaunig, Bridgwater, Schiffman); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Ellman, Lipner); Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York (DeVylder); Department of Psychology (Musket) and Department of Psychiatry (Bachman), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; ISN Innovations, Institute for Social Neuroscience, Ivanhoe, Australia (Grattan); Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (Lincoln); Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine (Schiffman); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, and James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Corcoran); Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil (Mota); Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York (van der Ven); School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (van der Ven); Department of Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, Amsterdam (van der Ven)
| | - Sarah Hope Lincoln
- Department of Psychology, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York (Anglin, Thayer); Graduate Center, City University of New York (Anglin); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento (Ereshefsky, Niendam, Bolden, Grattan); Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (Klaunig, Bridgwater, Schiffman); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Ellman, Lipner); Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York (DeVylder); Department of Psychology (Musket) and Department of Psychiatry (Bachman), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; ISN Innovations, Institute for Social Neuroscience, Ivanhoe, Australia (Grattan); Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (Lincoln); Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine (Schiffman); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, and James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Corcoran); Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil (Mota); Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York (van der Ven); School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (van der Ven); Department of Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, Amsterdam (van der Ven)
| | - Jason Schiffman
- Department of Psychology, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York (Anglin, Thayer); Graduate Center, City University of New York (Anglin); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento (Ereshefsky, Niendam, Bolden, Grattan); Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (Klaunig, Bridgwater, Schiffman); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Ellman, Lipner); Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York (DeVylder); Department of Psychology (Musket) and Department of Psychiatry (Bachman), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; ISN Innovations, Institute for Social Neuroscience, Ivanhoe, Australia (Grattan); Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (Lincoln); Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine (Schiffman); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, and James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Corcoran); Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil (Mota); Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York (van der Ven); School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (van der Ven); Department of Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, Amsterdam (van der Ven)
| | - Emily Lipner
- Department of Psychology, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York (Anglin, Thayer); Graduate Center, City University of New York (Anglin); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento (Ereshefsky, Niendam, Bolden, Grattan); Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (Klaunig, Bridgwater, Schiffman); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Ellman, Lipner); Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York (DeVylder); Department of Psychology (Musket) and Department of Psychiatry (Bachman), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; ISN Innovations, Institute for Social Neuroscience, Ivanhoe, Australia (Grattan); Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (Lincoln); Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine (Schiffman); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, and James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Corcoran); Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil (Mota); Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York (van der Ven); School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (van der Ven); Department of Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, Amsterdam (van der Ven)
| | - Peter Bachman
- Department of Psychology, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York (Anglin, Thayer); Graduate Center, City University of New York (Anglin); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento (Ereshefsky, Niendam, Bolden, Grattan); Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (Klaunig, Bridgwater, Schiffman); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Ellman, Lipner); Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York (DeVylder); Department of Psychology (Musket) and Department of Psychiatry (Bachman), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; ISN Innovations, Institute for Social Neuroscience, Ivanhoe, Australia (Grattan); Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (Lincoln); Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine (Schiffman); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, and James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Corcoran); Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil (Mota); Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York (van der Ven); School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (van der Ven); Department of Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, Amsterdam (van der Ven)
| | - Cheryl M Corcoran
- Department of Psychology, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York (Anglin, Thayer); Graduate Center, City University of New York (Anglin); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento (Ereshefsky, Niendam, Bolden, Grattan); Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (Klaunig, Bridgwater, Schiffman); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Ellman, Lipner); Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York (DeVylder); Department of Psychology (Musket) and Department of Psychiatry (Bachman), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; ISN Innovations, Institute for Social Neuroscience, Ivanhoe, Australia (Grattan); Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (Lincoln); Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine (Schiffman); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, and James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Corcoran); Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil (Mota); Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York (van der Ven); School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (van der Ven); Department of Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, Amsterdam (van der Ven)
| | - Natália B Mota
- Department of Psychology, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York (Anglin, Thayer); Graduate Center, City University of New York (Anglin); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento (Ereshefsky, Niendam, Bolden, Grattan); Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (Klaunig, Bridgwater, Schiffman); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Ellman, Lipner); Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York (DeVylder); Department of Psychology (Musket) and Department of Psychiatry (Bachman), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; ISN Innovations, Institute for Social Neuroscience, Ivanhoe, Australia (Grattan); Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (Lincoln); Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine (Schiffman); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, and James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Corcoran); Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil (Mota); Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York (van der Ven); School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (van der Ven); Department of Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, Amsterdam (van der Ven)
| | - Els van der Ven
- Department of Psychology, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York (Anglin, Thayer); Graduate Center, City University of New York (Anglin); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento (Ereshefsky, Niendam, Bolden, Grattan); Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (Klaunig, Bridgwater, Schiffman); Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia (Ellman, Lipner); Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York (DeVylder); Department of Psychology (Musket) and Department of Psychiatry (Bachman), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; ISN Innovations, Institute for Social Neuroscience, Ivanhoe, Australia (Grattan); Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (Lincoln); Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine (Schiffman); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, and James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Corcoran); Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil (Mota); Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York (van der Ven); School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (van der Ven); Department of Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, Amsterdam (van der Ven)
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22
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Pignon B, Lajnef M, Kirkbride JB, Peyre H, Ferchiou A, Richard JR, Baudin G, Tosato S, Jongsma H, de Haan L, Tarricone I, Bernardo M, Velthorst E, Braca M, Arango C, Arrojo M, Bobes J, Del-Ben CM, Di Forti M, Gayer-Anderson C, Jones PB, La Cascia C, Lasalvia A, Menezes PR, Quattrone D, Sanjuán J, Selten JP, Tortelli A, Llorca PM, van Os J, Rutten BPF, Murray RM, Morgan C, Leboyer M, Szöke A, Schürhoff F. The Independent Effects of Psychosocial Stressors on Subclinical Psychosis: Findings From the Multinational EU-GEI Study. Schizophr Bull 2021; 47:1674-1684. [PMID: 34009318 PMCID: PMC8562561 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The influence of psychosocial stressors on psychosis risk has usually been studied in isolation and after the onset of the disorder, potentially ignoring important confounding relationships or the fact that some stressors that may be the consequence of the disorder rather than preexisting. The study of subclinical psychosis could help to address some of these issues. In this study, we investigated whether there was (i) an association between dimensions of subclinical psychosis and several psychosocial stressors including: childhood trauma, self-reported discrimination experiences, low social capital, and stressful life experiences, and (ii) any evidence of environment-environment (ExE) interactions between these factors. Data were drawn from the EUGEI study, in which healthy controls (N = 1497) and siblings of subjects with a psychotic disorder (N = 265) were included in six countries. The association between psychosocial stressors and subclinical psychosis dimensions (positive, negative and depressive dimension as measured by the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) scale) and possible ExE interactions were assessed using linear regression models. After adjusting for sex, age, ethnicity, country, and control/sibling status, childhood trauma (β for positive dimension: 0.13, negative: 0.49, depressive: 0.26) and stressful life events (positive: 0.08, negative: 0.16, depressive: 0.17) were associated with the three dimensions. Lower social capital was associated with the negative and depression dimensions (negative: 0.26, depressive: 0.13), and self-reported discrimination experiences with the positive dimension (0.06). Our findings are in favor of independent, cumulative and non-specific influences of social adversities in subclinical psychosis in non-clinical populations, without arguments for E × E interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Pignon
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux
Universitaires « H. Mondor», DMU IMPACT, Fondation
FondaMental, Créteil, France,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Hôpital Albert
Chenevier, Groupe hospitalier Henri-Mondor, CHU de Créteil, Assistance
Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 40 rue de Mesly, 94 000 Créteil,
France; tel: 33-1-49-81-31-31, fax:
+33-1-49-81-30-59, e-mail:
| | - Mohamed Lajnef
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux
Universitaires « H. Mondor», DMU IMPACT, Fondation
FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | | | - Hugo Peyre
- AP-HP, Hôpital universitaire Robert Debré,
Service de pédopsychiatrie, Paris,
France
| | - Aziz Ferchiou
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux
Universitaires « H. Mondor», DMU IMPACT, Fondation
FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Romain Richard
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux
Universitaires « H. Mondor», DMU IMPACT, Fondation
FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Grégoire Baudin
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie
et Processus de Santé, Boulogne
Billancourt, France
| | - Sarah Tosato
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience,
Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona,
Verona, Italy
| | - Hannah Jongsma
- Centre for Transcultural Psychiatry
“Veldzicht.” Balkbrug, the Netherlands; VR Mental Health Group,
University Center for Psychiatry, Univerisity Medical Centre
Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL,
London, UK
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Amsterdam UMC,
Amsterdam, The
Netherlands,Arkin, Amsterdam,
The Netherlands
| | - Ilaria Tarricone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Bologna
University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Miguel Bernardo
- Barcelona Clínic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital
Clínic of Barcelona, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona;
Institut d’investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS),
Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental
(CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Eva Velthorst
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at
Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Mauro Braca
- Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions,
Local Health Authority, Bologna, Italy
| | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute
of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General.Universitario Gregorio
Marañón, Gregorio Marañón, (IiGSM), School of Medicine,
Universidad Complutense de Madrid; CIBERSAM,
Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Arrojo
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Genetic Group,
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complejo
Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Julio Bobes
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences - Psychiatry,
Universidad de Oviedo; ISPA, INEUROPA CIBERSAM,
Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cristina Marta Del-Ben
- Department of Neuroscience and Behaviour, Ribeirão
Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo,
São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marta Di Forti
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre,
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College
London, London, UK,South London and Maudsley NHS Mental Health Foundation
Trust, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Gayer-Anderson
- Department of Health Service and Population Research,
Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, De Crespigny
Park, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Peter B Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of
Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,CAMEO, Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Foundation
Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Caterina La Cascia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced
Diagnostics, School of Medicine, University of Palermo,
Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Lasalvia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience,
Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona,
Verona, Italy
| | - Paulo Rossi Menezes
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina,
Universidade of São Paulo, São
Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Quattrone
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre,
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College
London, London, UK
| | - Julio Sanjuán
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health
(CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínico
Universitario de Valencia, School of Medicine, Universidad de
Valencia, Valencia, Spain,Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA,
Valencia, Spain
| | - Jean-Paul Selten
- Rivierduinen Institute for Mental Health,
Leiden, The
Netherlands,Maastricht University Medical Center, Departmentof
Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and
Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Tortelli
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research
(INSERM), Créteil, France,EPS Maison Blanche,
Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Michel Llorca
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Psychiatrie B,
Clermont-Ferrand, France,Université Clermont Auvergne,
Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for
Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical
Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands,Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre,
University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University,
Utrecht, The
Netherlands,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry,
Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London,
London, UK
| | - Bart P F Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for
Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical
Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Robin M Murray
- The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience,
King’s College London, London,
UK
| | - Craig Morgan
- Department of Health Service and Population Research,
Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, De Crespigny
Park, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux
Universitaires « H. Mondor», DMU IMPACT, Fondation
FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Andrei Szöke
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux
Universitaires « H. Mondor», DMU IMPACT, Fondation
FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Franck Schürhoff
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux
Universitaires « H. Mondor», DMU IMPACT, Fondation
FondaMental, Créteil, France
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23
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Sun M, Wang D, Jing L, Zhou L. Changes in psychotic-like experiences and related influential factors in technical secondary school and college students during COVID-19. Schizophr Res 2021; 231:3-9. [PMID: 33725647 PMCID: PMC9190274 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although students have been found to be at high risk of distress during the COVID-19 pandemic, little is known about the pandemic's impact on psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). We conducted a study in technical secondary school and college students before and during the pandemic to explore changes in PLEs and relevant influential factors. METHODS A total of 938 students completed both waves of the survey through electronic questionnaires. PLEs were assessed using the 15-item Positive Subscale of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE-P15). Childhood trauma, perceived stress, resilience, and demographic factors were evaluated at baseline, and psychological status was measured during the pandemic. RESULTS The overall CAPE-P15 scores significantly decreased during the pandemic. Students with persistent PLEs showed the most severe COVID-19 related psychological symptoms, followed by new-onset and remitted individuals; those without PLEs exhibited the mildest symptoms (all p < .001). A single parent family (OR = 4.707), more childhood trauma (OR = 1.056), and a higher family income (OR = 1.658) were predictive of new-onset PLEs during the pandemic, while better resilience was a protective factor, associated with remission of previous PLEs (OR = 0.932). CONCLUSIONS Despite a downward trend in the prevalence of PLEs during the pandemic, PLEs predict greater serious psychological impact due to COVID-19, especially for students with persistent PLEs. Interventions that cultivate students' resilience are urgently needed to reduce PLEs and improve mental health, especially for students from single parent households or those who have experienced childhood trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Sun
- Department of Social Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- Department of Social Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China,Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling Jing
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Social Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China.
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24
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Misra S, Gelaye B, Williams DR, Koenen KC, Borba CPC, Quattrone D, Di Forti M, Tripoli G, La Cascia C, La Barbera D, Ferraro L, Tarricone I, Berardi D, Lasalvia A, Tosato S, Szöke A, Llorca PM, Arango C, Tortelli A, de Haan L, Velthorst E, Bobes J, Bernardo M, Sanjuán J, Santos JL, Arrojo M, Del-Ben CM, Menezes PR, Selten JP, Jones PB, Jongsma HE, Kirkbride JB, Rutten BPF, van Os J, Murray RM, Gayer-Anderson C, Morgan C. Perceived major experiences of discrimination, ethnic group, and risk of psychosis in a six-country case-control study. Psychol Med 2021; 52:1-9. [PMID: 33648622 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721000453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perceived discrimination is associated with worse mental health. Few studies have assessed whether perceived discrimination (i) is associated with the risk of psychotic disorders and (ii) contributes to an increased risk among minority ethnic groups relative to the ethnic majority. METHODS We used data from the European Network of National Schizophrenia Networks Studying Gene-Environment Interactions Work Package 2, a population-based case-control study of incident psychotic disorders in 17 catchment sites across six countries. We calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the associations between perceived discrimination and psychosis using mixed-effects logistic regression models. We used stratified and mediation analyses to explore differences for minority ethnic groups. RESULTS Reporting any perceived experience of major discrimination (e.g. unfair treatment by police, not getting hired) was higher in cases than controls (41.8% v. 34.2%). Pervasive experiences of discrimination (≥3 types) were also higher in cases than controls (11.3% v. 5.5%). In fully adjusted models, the odds of psychosis were 1.20 (95% CI 0.91-1.59) for any discrimination and 1.79 (95% CI 1.19-1.59) for pervasive discrimination compared with no discrimination. In stratified analyses, the magnitude of association for pervasive experiences of discrimination appeared stronger for minority ethnic groups (OR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.12-2.68) than the ethnic majority (OR = 1.42, 95% CI 0.65-3.10). In exploratory mediation analysis, pervasive discrimination minimally explained excess risk among minority ethnic groups (5.1%). CONCLUSIONS Pervasive experiences of discrimination are associated with slightly increased odds of psychotic disorders and may minimally help explain excess risk for minority ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Misra
- Department of Public Health, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA94132, USA
| | - Bizu Gelaye
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA02115, USA
| | - David R Williams
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA02115, USA
| | - Karestan C Koenen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA02115, USA
| | - Christina P C Borba
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Medical Center; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA02118, USA
| | - Diego Quattrone
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, LondonSE5 8AE, UK
| | - Marta Di Forti
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, LondonSE5 8AE, UK
| | - Giada Tripoli
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, 90129Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina La Cascia
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, 90129Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele La Barbera
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, 90129Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Ferraro
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, 90129Palermo, Italy
| | - Ilaria Tarricone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Bologna Transcultural Psychosomatic Team, (BoTPT), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 40126Bologna, Italy
| | - Domenico Berardi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuro-motor Sciences, Psychiatry Unit, Alma Mater, Studiorum Università di Bologna, 40126Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Lasalvia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134Verona, Italy
| | - Sarah Tosato
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134Verona, Italy
| | - Andrei Szöke
- INSERM U955, Equipe 15, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 94010Créteil, France
| | | | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad, Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, 28007Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Tortelli
- Etablissement Public de Santé Maison Blanche, 75020Paris, France
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Early Psychosis Section, Amsterdam UMC, Location: Academic, Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZAmsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Velthorst
- Department of Psychiatry, Early Psychosis Section, Amsterdam UMC, Location: Academic, Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZAmsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Julio Bobes
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences - Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, ISPA, INEUROPA, CIBERSAM, 33006Oviedo, Spain
| | - Miguel Bernardo
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 08036Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Sanjuán
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Centro de, Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 46010Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Santos
- Department of Psychiatry, Servicio de Psiquiatría Hospital "Virgen de la Luz,", 16002Cuenca, Spain
| | - Manuel Arrojo
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Genetic Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de, Santiago de Compostela, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cristina Marta Del-Ben
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo14049-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Rossi Menezes
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo01246-903, Brazil
| | - Jean-Paul Selten
- Rivierduinen Institute for Mental Health Care, 2333 ZZLeiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter B Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Hannah E Jongsma
- Psylife Group, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, LondonW1T 7NF, UK
| | - James B Kirkbride
- Psylife Group, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, LondonW1T 7NF, UK
| | - Bart P F Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200MDMaastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200MDMaastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, LondonSE5 8AF, UK
| | - Robin M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, LondonSE5 8AF, UK
| | - Charlotte Gayer-Anderson
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, LondonSE5 8AF, UK
| | - Craig Morgan
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, LondonSE5 8AF, UK
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25
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[Social defeat and schizophrenia: Hypotheses, arguments, mechanisms]. Encephale 2020; 47:238-245. [PMID: 33308864 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence for a main role of environment in the occurrence of mental disorders such as a psychosocial risk factor, for example, childhood trauma, discrimination linked to minority status, or migrant status. One hypothesis is that social adversity factors influence the risk of schizophrenia through a common pathway: social defeat which could be defined as the impotence of a subject in the face of a situation of social adversity, with a consequential experience of devaluation on the social scale. This review proposes to explain the animal model of social defeat which provides an overview of the neurobiological consequences of chronic stress. Then, we expose this topic in humans, the assessment methods, and its psychopathological field. Finally, we expose epidemiologic and neurobiological evidences, in particular the dopaminergic sensitization process, which provide evidence of a significant role of social defeat in schizophrenia risk due to exposure to psychosocial factors. This etiopathogenic hypothesis has several issues. First, a common pathway to several environmental risk factors could allow an ethiopathogenic model more parcimonious for schizophrenia. It could also allow the assessment and prevention of adversity factors involved in social defeat so as to finally improve the outcome of subjects who have an individual risk for schizophrenia.
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26
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Murphy D, Vallières F, Murphy J, McElroy E, Hyland P. Risk factors associated with general and specific dimensions of psychosis in a nationally representative sample of adults from the United States. PSYCHOSIS-PSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIAL AND INTEGRATIVE APPROACHES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/17522439.2020.1791238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Murphy
- Trinity Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Jamie Murphy
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - Eoin McElroy
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, University of Leicester, Leicester, England
| | - Philip Hyland
- Trinity Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland
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27
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Ross T, Fontao MI, Bulla J. Rising inpatient numbers in forensic security hospitals of German federal state of Baden-Württemberg: Background and explanatory approaches. BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES & THE LAW 2020; 38:522-536. [PMID: 32827339 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we describe critical epidemiological trends in forensic psychiatric care in the German federal state of Baden-Württemberg. For some years, there has been a marked increase in the number of patients with psychoses and with a migration background in the high-security hospitals of Baden-Württemberg. We present a number of studies exploring hypotheses as to why this is the case. Taking into account a set of person-related and non-person (forensic system)-related variables, we suggest that rising treatment figures may be understood in terms of system variables rather than individual patient characteristics. Findings regarding predictors of treatment length and legal outcome, as well as characteristics of migrant patients and patients assigned to forensic aftercare, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ross
- University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Reichenau Psychiatric Centre, Reichenau, Germany
| | | | - Jan Bulla
- Reichenau Psychiatric Centre, Reichenau, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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28
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Prevalence and Correlates of Psychotic Like Experiences in a Large Community Sample of Young Adults in Tunisia. Community Ment Health J 2020; 56:991-1003. [PMID: 31900754 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-019-00542-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increased focus on non-clinical psychosis populations, no community surveys have properly investigated the phenotypal expression of Psychotic like experiences (PLEs) in the Arab-Muslim world. We aimed to examine the prevalence and correlates of PLEs in a large sample of Tunisian college students. A total of 1489 students (64.3% female, aged 18-40) participated in a cross-sectional survey. The Positive Subscale of Community Assessment of Psychotic Experiences was used to measure PLEs. The rates of PLEs found in our work were relatively high compared with those found in previous international studies, with 51.4% of the participants reporting at least one positive PLE 'nearly-always'. After controling for confounding variables, other drug use in the past year represented the only substance use variable among the significant predictors in the final model. Our findings should raise awareness of the need for implementing an early intervention programs in our region.
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29
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Karcher NR, Loewy RL, Savill M, Avenevoli S, Huber RS, Simon TJ, Leckliter IN, Sher KJ, Barch DM. Replication of Associations With Psychotic-Like Experiences in Middle Childhood From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:sgaa009. [PMID: 32803159 PMCID: PMC7418869 DOI: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The fields of psychology and psychiatry are increasingly recognizing the importance of replication efforts. The current study aimed to replicate previous findings examining the construct validity and psychometric properties of a psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) measure in middle childhood using an independent subset of the baseline Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) sample. Using a remainder baseline sample of 7013 nine- to eleven-year-old children with complete data, we examined measurement invariance across race/ethnicity and sex, and examined the associations between the Prodromal Questionnaire Brief-Child Version (PQ-BC) and other measures of PLEs, internalizing symptoms, neuropsychological test performance, and developmental milestones, to determine whether previously obtained results replicated in this nonoverlapping baseline sample subset. The results replicated measurement invariance across ethnicity and sex, and analyses again found higher PQ-BC scores for African American (β = .364, 95% CI = 0.292, 0.435) and Hispanic (β = .255, 95% CI = 0.185, 0.324) groups. We also replicated that higher PQ-BC scores were associated with psychosis risk measures, higher rates of child-reported internalizing symptoms (Distress: β = .378, 95% CI = 0.357,0.398), neuropsychological test performance deficits (eg, working memory; Distress: β = −.069, 95% CI = −0.096, −0.042), and motor (Distress: β = .026, 95% CI = 0.003, 0.049) and speech (Distress: β = .042, 95% CI = 0.018, 0.065) developmental milestone delays. The current results replicated many findings from the original study examining the PQ-BC. We replicated evidence for mean differences in race/ethnicity, and associations with other PLE measures, greater internalizing symptoms, cognitive impairments, and developmental milestone delays. These findings indicate robust and reliable associations between PLEs and hypothesized correlates can be found in middle childhood nonclinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Karcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Rachel L Loewy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Mark Savill
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Rebekah S Huber
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Tony J Simon
- MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | | | - Kenneth J Sher
- Psychology Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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30
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Khaled SM, Wilkins SS, Woodruff P. Lifetime prevalence and potential determinants of psychotic experiences in the general population of Qatar. Psychol Med 2020; 50:1110-1120. [PMID: 31133090 PMCID: PMC7253618 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719000977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To estimate the lifetime prevalence and potential determinants of psychotic experience(s) (PEs) in the general population of Qatar - a small non-war afflicted, conservative, high-income, middle-eastern country with recent rapid urbanization including an influx of migrants. METHODS A probability-based sample (n = 1353) of non-migrants and migrants were interviewed face-to-face and administered a 7-item psychosis screener adapted from the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, the Kessler 6-item psychological distress scale, and the 5 items assessing odd (paranormal) beliefs and magical thinking (OBMT) from the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. Using bivariate and logistic regression analyses, lifetime prevalence rates of PEs were estimated then compared before and after adjustment for socio-demographics, Arab ethnicity, psychological distress, and OBMT. RESULTS Prevalence of PEs was 27.9%. Visual hallucinations were most common (12.8%), followed by persecutory delusions (6.7%) and auditory hallucinations (6.9%). Ideas of reference (3.6%) were least prevalent. PEs were significantly higher in Arabs (34.7%) compared with non-Arabs (16.4%, p < 0.001) with the exception of ideas of reference and paranoid delusions. Female gender was associated with a higher prevalence of PEs in the Arab group only (p < 0.001). Prevalence of PEs was significantly higher among Arabs (48.8% v. 15.8%, p < 0.001) and non-Arabs (35.2% v. 7.3%, p < 0.001) with OBMT. Arab ethnicity (OR = 2.10, p = 0.015), psychological distress (OR = 2.29 p = 0.003), and OBMT (OR = 6.25, p < 0.001) were independently associated with PEs after adjustment for all variables. CONCLUSIONS Ethnicity, but not migration was independently associated with PEs. Evidence linking Arab ethnicity, female gender, and psychological distress to PEs through associations with OBMT was identified for future prospective investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma M. Khaled
- Social and Economic Survey Research Institute, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Stacy Schantz Wilkins
- Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter Woodruff
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Weil Cornell – Medicine, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- National Institute of Health Research – Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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31
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Bardol O, Grot S, Oh H, Poulet E, Zeroug-Vial H, Brunelin J, Leaune E. Perceived ethnic discrimination as a risk factor for psychotic symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2020; 50:1077-1089. [PMID: 32317042 DOI: 10.1017/s003329172000094x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown an elevated risk of psychotic symptoms (PS) and experiences (PEs) among ethnic minority groups, with significant variation between groups. This pattern may be partially attributable to the unfavorable socio-environmental conditions that surround ethnic minority groups. Perceived ethnic discrimination (PED) in particular has been a salient putative risk factor to explain the increased risk. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to assess the impact of PED on reporting PS/PEs in ethnic minorities. This review abides by the guidelines set forth by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The included studies were obtained from the databases: Medline, PsycINFO, and Web Of Science. Sub-group analyses were performed assessing the effect of PED in different subtypes of PS, the influence of ethnicity and moderating/mediating factors. RESULTS Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria, and nine were used to conduct the meta-analysis. We found a positive association between PED and the occurrence of PS/PEs among ethnic minorities. The combined odds ratio were 1.77 (95% CI 1.26-2.49) for PS and 1.94 (95% CI 1.42-2.67) for PEs. We found that the association was similar across ethnic groups and did not depend on the ethnic origin of individuals. Weak evidence supported the buffering effects of ethnic identity, collective self-esteem and social support; and no evidence supported the moderating effect of ethnic density. Sensitivity to race-based rejection significantly but only slightly mediated the association. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that PED is involved in the increased risk of PS/PEs in ethnic minority populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Bardol
- Grenoble Alpes University, School of Medicine, Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphanie Grot
- Centre de recherche, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Hans Oh
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Emmanuel Poulet
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response - PSYR2 Team, Lyon, F-69000, France
- University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, F-69000, France
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry, University Hospital Edouard Herriot, Hospices civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Jérôme Brunelin
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response - PSYR2 Team, Lyon, F-69000, France
- University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, F-69000, France
| | - Edouard Leaune
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response - PSYR2 Team, Lyon, F-69000, France
- University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, F-69000, France
- Institute for Philosophical Research, Lyon 3 University, Lyon, France
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32
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Cloos P, Ndao EM, Aho J, Benoît M, Fillol A, Munoz-Bertrand M, Ouimet MJ, Hanley J, Ridde V. The negative self-perceived health of migrants with precarious status in Montreal, Canada: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231327. [PMID: 32271827 PMCID: PMC7145148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Knowledge about the health impacts of the absence of health insurance for migrants with precarious status (MPS) in Canada is scarce. MPS refer to immigrants with authorized but temporary legal status (i.e. temporary foreign workers, visitors, international students) and/or unauthorized status (out of legal status, i.e. undocumented). This is the first large empirical study that examines the social determinants of self-perceived health of MPS who are uninsured and residing in Montreal. Methods and findings Between June 2016 and September 2017, we performed a cross-sectional survey of uninsured migrants in Montreal, Quebec. Migrants without health insurance (18+) were sampled through venue-based recruitment, snowball strategy and media announcements. A questionnaire focusing on sociodemographic, socioeconomic and psychosocial characteristics, social determinants, health needs and access to health care, and health self-perception was administered to 806 individuals: 54.1% were recruited in urban spaces and 45.9% in a health clinic. 53.9% were categorized as having temporary legal status in Canada and 46% were without authorized status. Regions of birth were: Asia (5.2%), Caribbean (13.8%), Europe (7.3%), Latin America (35.8%), Middle East (21%), Sub-Saharan Africa (15.8%) and the United States (1.1%). The median age was 37 years (range:18–87). The proportion of respondents reporting negative (bad/fair) self-perception of health was 44.8%: 36.1% among migrants with authorized legal status and 54.4% among those with unauthorized status (statistically significant difference; p<0.001). Factors associated with negative self-perceived health were assessed using logistic regression. Those who were more likely to perceive their health as negative were those: with no diploma/primary/secondary education (age-adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.49 [95% CI 1.53–4.07, p<0.001] or with a college diploma (AOR: 2.41 [95% CI 1.38–4.20, p = 0.002); whose family income met their needs not at all/a little (AOR: 6.22 [95% CI 1.62–23.85], p = 0.008) or met their needs fairly (AOR: 4.70 [95% CI 1.21–18.27], p = 0.025); with no one whom they could ask for money (AOR: 1.60 [95% CI 1.05–2.46], p = 0.03); with perception of racism (AOR: 1.58 [95% CI 1.01–2.48], p = 0.045); with a feeling of psychological distress (AOR: 2.17 [95% CI 1.36–3.45], p = 0.001); with unmet health care needs (AOR: 3.45 [95% CI 2.05–5.82], p<0.001); or with a health issue in the past 12 months (AOR: 3.44 [95% CI 1.79–6.61], p<0.001). Some variables that are associated with negative self-perceived health varied according to gender: region of birth, lower formal education, having a family income that does not meet needs perfectly /very well, insalubrious housing, not knowing someone who could be asked for money, and having ever received a medical diagnosis. Conclusions In our study, almost half of immigrants without health insurance perceived their health as negative, much higher than reports of negative self-perceived health in previous Canadian studies (8.5% among recent immigrants, 19.8% among long-term immigrants, and 10.6% among Canadian-born). Our study also suggests a high rate of unmet health care needs among migrants with precarious status, a situation that is correlated with poor self-perceived health. There is a need to put social policies in place to secure access to resources, health care and social services for all migrants, with or without authorized status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Cloos
- School of Social Work, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique (CRESP), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Josephine Aho
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Magalie Benoît
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amandine Fillol
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- CEPED, Institute for Research on Sustainable Development, IRD-Université de Paris, ERL INSERM SAGESUD, Paris, France
| | - Maria Munoz-Bertrand
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Jo Ouimet
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jill Hanley
- School of Social Work, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valéry Ridde
- CEPED, Institute for Research on Sustainable Development, IRD-Université de Paris, ERL INSERM SAGESUD, Paris, France
- Fellow de l’Institut Français des Migrations, Paris, France
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Bourgin J, Tebeka S, Mallet J, Mazer N, Dubertret C, Le Strat Y. Prevalence and correlates of psychotic-like experiences in the general population. Schizophr Res 2020; 215:371-377. [PMID: 31477372 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To what extent Psychotic Like Experiences (PLEs) are associated with nonpsychotic psychiatric disorders and whether the number of PLEs is associated with higher rates of psychiatric disorders remains unclear. METHODS The sample was composed of 34,653 civilian participants, aged 18 years and older from wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). This was a representative sample of the non-institutionalized U.S. POPULATION Twenty-two PLEs were assessed. Lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders (any mood, anxiety, substance use and personality disorders, PTSD, ADHD, and suicide attempts) according to the number of PLEs were calculated. RESULTS Almost a third (26.69%) of respondents reported experiencing at least one type of PLEs. There was a gradual association between the number of PLEs and the presence of a nonpsychotic psychiatric disorder (ranging from 5.68%in participants with no PLEs up to 99.53% in those with five or more PLEs). This association with PLE was significant for each of the 25 psychiatric disorders examined regardless of the number of PLEs. Lifetime prevalence of PLEs were significantly higher among the younger respondents, women, non-married, unemployed, high educational level and those with low family income. CONCLUSION There is a gradual increase in the magnitude of the association of the numbers of PLEs for each of the 25 nonpsychotic psychiatric disorders examined. Having at least one PLE is strongly associated with the presence of a psychiatric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bourgin
- Department of Psychiatry, Louis-Mourier Hospital, AP-HP, 92700 Colombes, France; Faculty of Medicine, Paris Diderot University, 75013 Paris, France; INSERM U894, Centre for Psychiatry and Neurosciences, 102 rue de la Santé, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Sarah Tebeka
- Department of Psychiatry, Louis-Mourier Hospital, AP-HP, 92700 Colombes, France; Faculty of Medicine, Paris Diderot University, 75013 Paris, France; INSERM U894, Centre for Psychiatry and Neurosciences, 102 rue de la Santé, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Jasmina Mallet
- Department of Psychiatry, Louis-Mourier Hospital, AP-HP, 92700 Colombes, France; Faculty of Medicine, Paris Diderot University, 75013 Paris, France; INSERM U894, Centre for Psychiatry and Neurosciences, 102 rue de la Santé, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Mazer
- Department of Psychiatry, Louis-Mourier Hospital, AP-HP, 92700 Colombes, France; Faculty of Medicine, Paris Diderot University, 75013 Paris, France; INSERM U894, Centre for Psychiatry and Neurosciences, 102 rue de la Santé, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Caroline Dubertret
- Department of Psychiatry, Louis-Mourier Hospital, AP-HP, 92700 Colombes, France; Faculty of Medicine, Paris Diderot University, 75013 Paris, France; INSERM U894, Centre for Psychiatry and Neurosciences, 102 rue de la Santé, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Yann Le Strat
- Department of Psychiatry, Louis-Mourier Hospital, AP-HP, 92700 Colombes, France; Faculty of Medicine, Paris Diderot University, 75013 Paris, France; INSERM U894, Centre for Psychiatry and Neurosciences, 102 rue de la Santé, 75014 Paris, France
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Early Parental Death and Risk of Psychosis in Offspring: A Six-Country Case-Control Study. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8071081. [PMID: 31340495 PMCID: PMC6679091 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8071081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence for early parental death as a risk factor for psychosis in offspring is inconclusive. We analyzed data from a six-country, case-control study to examine the associations of early parental death, type of death (maternal, paternal, both), and child’s age at death with psychosis, both overall and by ethnic group. In fully adjusted multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression models, experiencing early parental death was associated with 1.54-fold greater odds of psychosis (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23, 1.92). Experiencing maternal death had 2.27-fold greater odds (95% CI: 1.18, 4.37), paternal death had 1.14-fold greater odds (95% CI: 0.79, 1.64), and both deaths had 4.42-fold greater odds (95% CI: 2.57, 7.60) of psychosis compared with no early parental death. Experiencing parental death between 11 and 16 years of age had 2.03-fold greater odds of psychosis than experiencing it before five years of age (95% CI: 1.02, 4.04). In stratified analyses, experiencing the death of both parents had 9.22-fold greater odds of psychosis among minority ethnic groups (95% CI: 2.02–28.02) and no elevated odds among the ethnic majority (odds ratio (OR): 0.96; 95% CI: 0.10–8.97), which could be due in part to the higher prevalence of early parental death among minority ethnic groups but should be interpreted cautiously given the wide confidence intervals.
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Wang C, Wang Q, Li X, Zhang Y, Wei W, Deng W, Guo W, He L, Tang W, Chen T, Li T. Rural birth/upbringing and childhood adversities are associated with psychotic experiences in university students in China. Schizophr Res 2019; 209:105-112. [PMID: 31101515 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urbanicity has been reported to associate with an increased risk of psychotic experiences (PEs) in developed countries but less is known about the situation in developing countries. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of birth/upbringing place and other environmental factors on PEs in Chinese university students. METHODS A computer-assisted cross-sectional survey was conducted on 4620 second-year undergraduates, using a stratified cluster sampling. Birth places and residential mobility before 16 years old were recorded. PEs were measured using the subscales of psychoticism and paranoid ideation in the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R). Six questions extracted from the childhood section of the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI) were used to assess childhood trauma. RESULTS Generalized ordered logit model of multiple regression analysis revealed that participants with rural birth/upbringing (e.g. rural upbringing, on graded factor score of psychoticism and paranoid ideation [GFSPPI], 0 versus 1 & 2, odds ratio [OR] 1.409, 95% CI 1.219-1.628, p < 0.00001; 0 & 1 versus 2, OR 1.584, 95% CI 1.179-2.128, p < 0.00001) and those who reported childhood trauma (e.g. on GFSPPI, 0 versus 1 & 2, OR 1.737, 95% CI 1.498-2.014, p < 0.00001; 0 & 1 versus 2, OR 1.618, 95% CI 1.224-2.140, p < 0.00001) were apt to present more severe PEs. While upbringing places and childhood trauma affected both the presence and the severity of PEs, gender affected the presence or absence of PEs only (e.g. females, on GFSPPI, 0 versus 1 & 2, OR 1.887, 95% CI 1.631-2.183, p < 0.00001; 0 & 1 versus 2, OR 0.927, 95% CI 0.702-1.223, p = 0.593). Besides, the number of risk factors was associated with the severity of PEs in the cumulative odds logistic regression analysis (e.g. 3 risk factors versus 0 risk factor, on GFSPPI, OR 4.126, 95% CI 3.075-5.537, p < 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS Female, rural birth/upbringing and childhood trauma are risk factors of PEs in university students in China. The discrepancy in the findings between developed countries and China has important implications for urbanicity as a risk factor for PEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Wang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yamin Zhang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanjun Guo
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingshuang He
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanjie Tang
- Centre for Educational and Health Psychology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Li
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Bosqui T, Väänänen A, Koskinen A, Buscariolli A, O’reilly D, Airila A, Toivanen M, Kouvonen A. Antipsychotic medication use among working-age first-generation migrants resident in Finland: An administrative data linkage study. Scand J Public Health 2019; 48:64-71. [DOI: 10.1177/1403494819841960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Higher incidence of psychotic disorders in high-income countries for migrants compared with the settled majority has been well established. However, it is less clear to what extent different migrants groups have accessed and utilised mental health care. This study aimed to identify the hazard of antipsychotic medication use in the largest migrant groups in Finland, compared with a Finnish-born comparison group, using high quality datasets maintained by Statistics Finland and Social Insurance Institution Finland, and linking socio-demographic and -economic characteristics to antipsychotic prescription purchases. Methods: The study draws on a representative sample of 33% of the adult working-age population of Finland in 2005 ( n = 1,059,426, 50.2% male, 2.5% migrant). The use of antipsychotic drugs was followed-up from 2005 to 2014. Results: The results show that the hazard of antipsychotic medication purchases differed between migrant groups, with a higher hazard for migrants from North Africa and the Middle East before socio-economic adjustment (men HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.04–1.37; women HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.12–1.66), and a lower hazard for all migrant groups after adjustment for socio-economic characteristics compared with the Finland-born population. Conclusions: The findings suggest that attention should be paid to the lower use of medication for psychotic disorders in some migrant groups, as well as the potential role of social disadvantage for migrants from North Africa and Middle East.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Bosqui
- Department of Psychology, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
- Administrative Data Research Centre – Northern Ireland, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, UK
| | - Ari Väänänen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Finland
- School of Social Policy, Sociology and Social Research, University of Kent, UK
| | - Aki Koskinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Finland
| | - André Buscariolli
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dermot O’reilly
- Administrative Data Research Centre – Northern Ireland, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, UK
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health (Northern Ireland), Queen’s University Belfast, UK
| | - Auli Airila
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Finland
| | | | - Anne Kouvonen
- Administrative Data Research Centre – Northern Ireland, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, UK
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
- SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities in Wroclaw, Poland
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