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Maes M, Zhou B, Vasupanrajit A, Jirakran K, Klomkliew P, Chanchaem P, Tunvirachaisakul C, Plaimas K, Suratanee A, Li J, Almulla AF, Payungporn S. A further examination of growth factors, T helper 1 polarization, and the gut microbiome in major depression: Associations with reoccurrence of illness, cognitive functions, suicidal behaviors, and quality of life. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 176:430-441. [PMID: 38968876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Growth factors, T helper (Th)1 polarization, and the microbiome are involved in the pathophysiology of major depression (MDD). It remains unclear whether the combination of these three pathways could enhance the accuracy of predicting the features of MDD, including recurrence of illness (ROI), suicidal behaviors and the phenome. We measured serum stem cell factor (SCF), stem cell growth factor (SCGF), stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the ratio of serum Th1/Th2 cytokines (zTh1-zTh2), and the abundances of gut microbiome taxa by analyzing stool samples using 16S rDNA sequencing from 32 MDD patients and 37 healthy controls. The results show that serum SCF is significantly lower and VEGF increased in MDD. Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and ROI are significantly associated with lowered SCF and increasing VEGF. Lifetime and current suicidal behaviors are strongly predicted (63.5%) by an increased VEGF/SCF ratio, Th1 polarization, a gut microbiome enterotype indicating gut dysbiosis, and lowered abundance of Dorea and Faecalobacterium. Around 80.5% of the variance in the phenome's severity is explained by ROI, ACEs, and lowered Parabacteroides distasonis and Clostridium IV abundances. A large part of the variance in health-related quality of life (54.1%) is explained by the VEGF/SCF ratio, Th1 polarization, ACE, and male sex. In conclusion, key features of MDD are largely predicted by the cumulative effects of ACE, Th1 polarization, aberrations in growth factors and the gut microbiome with increased pathobionts but lowered beneficial symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Maes
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China; Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610072, China; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand; Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Bo Zhou
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China; Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Asara Vasupanrajit
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Ketsupar Jirakran
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand; Maximizing Thai Children's Developmental Potential Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Pavit Klomkliew
- Center of Excellence in Systems Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Prangwalai Chanchaem
- Center of Excellence in Systems Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Chavit Tunvirachaisakul
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand; Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Kitiporn Plaimas
- Advanced Virtual and Intelligent Computing (AVIC) Center, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Apichat Suratanee
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand.
| | - Jing Li
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China; Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Abbas F Almulla
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China; Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610072, China; Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq.
| | - Sunchai Payungporn
- Center of Excellence in Systems Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Zhang Q, Bi Y, Zhang B, Jiang Q, Mou CK, Lei L, Deng Y, Li Y, Yu J, Liu W, Zhao J. Current landscape of fecal microbiota transplantation in treating depression. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1416961. [PMID: 38983862 PMCID: PMC11231080 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1416961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression, projected to be the predominant contributor to the global disease burden, is a complex condition with diverse symptoms including mood disturbances and cognitive impairments. Traditional treatments such as medication and psychotherapy often fall short, prompting the pursuit of alternative interventions. Recent research has highlighted the significant role of gut microbiota in mental health, influencing emotional and neural regulation. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), the infusion of fecal matter from a healthy donor into the gut of a patient, emerges as a promising strategy to ameliorate depressive symptoms by restoring gut microbial balance. The microbial-gut-brain (MGB) axis represents a critical pathway through which to potentially rectify dysbiosis and modulate neuropsychiatric outcomes. Preclinical studies reveal that FMT can enhance neurochemicals and reduce inflammatory markers, thereby alleviating depressive behaviors. Moreover, FMT has shown promise in clinical settings, improving gastrointestinal symptoms and overall quality of life in patients with depression. The review highlights the role of the gut-brain axis in depression and the need for further research to validate the long-term safety and efficacy of FMT, identify specific therapeutic microbial strains, and develop targeted microbial modulation strategies. Advancing our understanding of FMT could revolutionize depression treatment, shifting the paradigm toward microbiome-targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science & Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
| | - Yajun Bi
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalian Municipal Women and Children’s Medical Center (Group), Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Boyu Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiong Jiang
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science & Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Kam Mou
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lelin Lei
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yibo Deng
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yutong Li
- Wuhan Britain-China School, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Public Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jinzhu Zhao
- Division of Child Healthcare, Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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3
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Piacentino D, Vizioli C, Barb JJ, Grant-Beurmann S, Bouhlal S, Battista JT, Jennings O, Lee MR, Schwandt ML, Walter P, Henderson WA, Chen K, Turner S, Yang S, Fraser CM, Farinelli LA, Farokhnia M, Leggio L. Gut microbial diversity and functional characterization in people with alcohol use disorder: A case-control study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302195. [PMID: 38865325 PMCID: PMC11168635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) typically have comorbid chronic health conditions, including anxiety and depression disorders, increased sleep disruption, and poor nutrition status, along with gut microbial dysbiosis. To better understand the effects of gut dysbiosis previously shown in individuals with AUD, gut microbiome and metabolome were investigated between three cohorts. Two groups of individuals with AUD included treatment-seeking newly abstinent for at least six weeks (AB: N = 10) and non-treatment-seeking currently drinking (CD: N = 9) individuals. The third group was age, gender, and BMI-matched healthy controls (HC: N = 12). Deep phenotyping during two weeks of outpatient National Institutes of Health Clinical Center visits was performed, including clinical, psychological, medical, metabolic, dietary, and experimental assessments. Alpha and beta diversity and differential microbial taxa and metabolite abundance of the gut microbiome were examined across the three groups. Metabolites derived from the lipid super-pathway were identified to be more abundant in the AB group compared to CD and HC groups. The AB individuals appeared to be most clinically different from CD and HC individuals with respect to their gut microbiome and metabolome. These findings highlight the potential long-term effects of chronic alcohol use in individuals with AUD, even during short-term abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Piacentino
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Carlotta Vizioli
- Interoceptive Disorders Unit, Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Jennifer J. Barb
- Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Silvia Grant-Beurmann
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Sofia Bouhlal
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Jillian T. Battista
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Olivia Jennings
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Mary R. Lee
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Melanie L. Schwandt
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Peter Walter
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Division of Intramural Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Wendy A. Henderson
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States of America
| | - Sara Turner
- Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Shanna Yang
- Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Claire M. Fraser
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Lisa A. Farinelli
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Mehdi Farokhnia
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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4
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Chi R, Li M, Zhang M, Zhang N, Zhang G, Cui L, Ma G. Exploring the Association between Anxiety, Depression, and Gut Microbiota during Pregnancy: Findings from a Pregnancy Cohort Study in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China. Nutrients 2024; 16:1460. [PMID: 38794698 PMCID: PMC11123899 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Negative emotions and gut microbiota during pregnancy both bear significant public health implications. However, the relationship between them has not been fully elucidated. This study, utilizing data from a pregnancy cohort, employed metagenomic sequencing to elucidate the relationship between anxiety, depression, and gut microbiota's diversity, composition, species, and functional pathways. Data from 87 subjects, spanning 225 time points across early, mid, and late pregnancy, were analyzed. The results revealed that anxiety and depression significantly corresponded to lower alpha diversity (including the Shannon entropy and the Simpson index). Anxiety and depression scores, along with categorical distinctions of anxiety/non-anxiety and depression/non-depression, were found to account for 0.723%, 0.731%, 0.651%, and 0.810% of the variance in gut-microbiota composition (p = 0.001), respectively. Increased anxiety was significantly positively associated with the abundance of Oscillibacter sp. KLE 1745, Oscillibacter sp. PEA192, Oscillibacter sp. KLE 1728, Oscillospiraceae bacterium VE202 24, and Treponema socranskii. A similar association was significantly noted for Oscillibacter sp. KLE 1745 with elevated depression scores. While EC.3.5.3.1: arginase appeared to be higher in the anxious group than in the non-anxious group, vitamin B12-related enzymes appeared to be lower in the depression group than in the non-depression group. The changes were found to be not statistically significant after post-multiple comparison adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Chi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; (R.C.); (N.Z.)
| | - Muxia Li
- Department of Scientific Research, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100045, China;
| | - Man Zhang
- School of Nursing, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; (R.C.); (N.Z.)
| | - Guohua Zhang
- The Third Department of Obstetrics, Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050011, China;
| | - Lijun Cui
- The Seventh Department of Obstetrics, Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050011, China;
| | - Guansheng Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; (R.C.); (N.Z.)
- Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
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5
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Zhou E, Zhang L, He L, Xiao Y, Zhang K, Luo B. Cold exposure, gut microbiota and health implications: A narrative review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170060. [PMID: 38242473 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Temperature has been recognized as an important environmental factor affecting the composition and function of gut microbiota (GM). Although research on high-temperature impacts has been well studied, knowledge about the effect of cold exposure on GM remains limited. This narrative review aims to synthesize the latest scientific findings on the impact of cold exposure on mammalian GM, and its potential health implications. Chronic cold exposure could disrupt the α-diversity and the composition of GM in both experimental animals and wild-living hosts. Meanwhile, cold exposure could impact gut microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids. We also discussed plausible biological pathways and mechanisms by which cold-induced changes may impact host health, including metabolic homeostasis, fitness and thermogenesis, through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Intriguingly, alterations in GM may provide a tool for favorably modulating the host response to the cold temperature. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives are discussed, emphasizing the need for translational research in humans. GM could be manipulated by utilizing nutritional strategies, such as probiotics and prebiotics, to deal with cold-related health issues and enhance well-being in populations living or working in cold environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkai Zhou
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Li He
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Ya Xiao
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Bin Luo
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
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6
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He H, He H, Mo L, Yuan Q, Xiao C, Ma Q, Yi S, Zhou T, You Z, Zhang J. Gut microbiota regulate stress resistance by influencing microglia-neuron interactions in the hippocampus. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 36:100729. [PMID: 38317780 PMCID: PMC10840119 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Communication among the brain, gut and microbiota in the gut is known to affect the susceptibility to stress, but the mechanisms involved are unclear. Here we demonstrated that stress resistance in mice was associated with more abundant Lactobacillus and Akkermansia in the gut, but less abundant Bacteroides, Alloprevotella, Helicobacter, Lachnoclostridium, Blautia, Roseburia, Colidextibacter and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136. Stress-sensitive animals showed higher permeability and stronger immune responses in their colon, as well as higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum. Their hippocampus also showed more extensive microglial activation, abnormal interactions between microglia and neurons, and lower synaptic plasticity. Transplanting fecal microbiota from stress-sensitive mice into naïve ones perturbed microglia-neuron interactions and impaired synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, translating to more depression-like behavior after stress exposure. Conversely, transplanting fecal microbiota from stress-resistant mice into naïve ones protected microglia from activation and preserved synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, leading to less depression-like behavior after stress exposure. These results suggested that gut microbiota may influence resilience to chronic psychological stress by regulating microglia-neuron interactions in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili He
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Hui He
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, PR China
| | - Li Mo
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, PR China
| | - Qingsong Yuan
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Chenghong Xiao
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Qiman Ma
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Saini Yi
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zili You
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, PR China
| | - Jinqiang Zhang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
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7
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Misiak B, Pawlak E, Rembacz K, Kotas M, Żebrowska-Różańska P, Kujawa D, Łaczmański Ł, Piotrowski P, Bielawski T, Samochowiec J, Samochowiec A, Karpiński P. Associations of gut microbiota alterations with clinical, metabolic, and immune-inflammatory characteristics of chronic schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 171:152-160. [PMID: 38281465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The present study had the following aims: 1) to compare gut microbiota composition in patients with schizophrenia and controls and 2) to investigate the association of differentially abundant bacterial taxa with markers of inflammation, intestinal permeability, lipid metabolism, and glucose homeostasis as well as clinical manifestation. A total of 115 patients with schizophrenia during remission of positive and disorganization symptoms, and 119 controls were enrolled. Altogether, 32 peripheral blood markers were assessed. A higher abundance of Eisenbergiella, Family XIII AD3011 group, Eggerthella, Hungatella, Lactobacillus, Olsenella, Coprobacillus, Methanobrevibacter, Ligilactobacillus, Eubacterium fissicatena group, and Clostridium innocuum group in patients with schizophrenia was found. The abundance of Paraprevotella and Bacteroides was decreased in patients with schizophrenia. Differentially abundant genera were associated with altered levels of immune-inflammatory markers, zonulin, lipid profile components, and insulin resistance. Moreover, several correlations of differentially abundant genera with cognitive impairment, higher severity of negative symptoms, and worse social functioning were observed. The association of Methanobrevibacter abundance with the level of negative symptoms, cognition, and social functioning appeared to be mediated by the levels of interleukin-6 and RANTES. In turn, the association of Hungatella with the performance of attention was mediated by the levels of zonulin. The findings indicate that compositional alterations of gut microbiota observed in patients with schizophrenia correspond with clinical manifestation, intestinal permeability, subclinical inflammation, lipid profile alterations, and impaired glucose homeostasis. Subclinical inflammation and impaired gut permeability might mediate the association of gut microbiota alterations with psychopathological symptoms and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Edyta Pawlak
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Experimental Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Rembacz
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Experimental Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marek Kotas
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Experimental Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Żebrowska-Różańska
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Kujawa
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Łaczmański
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Patryk Piotrowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bielawski
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Samochowiec
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paweł Karpiński
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland; Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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8
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Stiernborg M, Prast-Nielsen S, Melas PA, Skott M, Millischer V, Boulund F, Forsell Y, Lavebratt C. Differences in the gut microbiome of young adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorder: using machine learning to distinguish cases from controls. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 117:298-309. [PMID: 38280535 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.01.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
While an association between the gut microbiome and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) has been suggested, the existing evidence is still inconclusive. To this end, we analyzed bacteria and bacterial genes in feces from 52 young adult SSD patients and 52 controls using fecal shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Compared to controls, young SSD patients were found to have significantly lower α-diversity and different β-diversity both regarding bacterial species (i.e., taxonomic diversity) and bacterial genes (i.e., functional diversity). Furthermore, the α-diversity measures 'Pielou's evenness' and 'Shannon' were significantly higher for both bacterial species, bacterial genes encoding enzymes and gut brain modules in young SSD patients on antipsychotic treatment (young SSD not on antipsychotics=9 patients, young SSD on antipsychotics=43 patients). We also applied machine learning classifiers to distinguish between young SSD patients and healthy controls based on their gut microbiome. Results showed that taxonomic and functional data classified young SSD individuals with an accuracy of ≥ 70% and with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of ≥ 0.75. Differential abundance analysis on the most important features in the classifier models revealed that most of the species with higher abundance in young SSD patients had their natural habitat in the oral cavity. In addition, many of the modules with higher abundance in young SSD patients were amino acid biosynthesis modules. Moreover, the abundances of gut-brain modules of butyrate synthesis and acetate degradation were lower in the SSD patients compared to controls. Collectively, our findings continue to support the presence of gut microbiome alterations in SSD and provide support for the use of machine learning algorithms to distinguish patients from controls based on gut microbiome profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Stiernborg
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefanie Prast-Nielsen
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philippe A Melas
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Skott
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vincent Millischer
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fredrik Boulund
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Forsell
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catharina Lavebratt
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
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9
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Ye C, Li Z, Ye C, Yuan L, Wu K, Zhu C. Association between Gut Microbiota and Biological Aging: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. Microorganisms 2024; 12:370. [PMID: 38399774 PMCID: PMC10891714 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent observational studies revealed an association between gut microbiota and aging, but whether gut microbiota are causally associated with the aging process remains unknown. We used a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach to investigate the causal association between gut microbiota and biological age acceleration using the largest available gut microbiota GWAS summary data from the MiBioGen consortium and GWAS data on biological age acceleration. We further conducted sensitivity analysis using MR-PRESSO, MR-Egger regression, Cochran Q test, and reverse MR analysis. Streptococcus (IVW, β = 0.16, p = 0.0001) was causally associated with Bioage acceleration. Eubacterium (rectale group) (IVW, β = 0.20, p = 0.0190), Sellimonas (IVW, β = 0.06, p = 0.019), and Lachnospira (IVW, β = -0.18, p = 0.01) were suggestive of causal associations with Bioage acceleration, with the latter being protective. Actinomyces (IVW, β = 0.26, p = 0.0083), Butyricimonas (IVW, β = 0.21, p = 0.0184), and Lachnospiraceae (FCS020 group) (IVW, β = 0.24, p = 0.0194) were suggestive of causal associations with Phenoage acceleration. This Mendelian randomization study found that Streptococcus was causally associated with Bioage acceleration. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to investigate its role in the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (C.Y.)
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (C.Y.)
| | - Chun Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Kailang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chengliang Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (C.Y.)
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10
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Zhang L, Yuan X, Li X, Zhang X, Mao Y, Hu S, Andreassen OA, Wang Y, Song X. Gut microbial diversity moderates polygenic risk of schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1275719. [PMID: 38362027 PMCID: PMC10868137 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1275719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a heritable disorder with a polygenic architecture, and the gut microbiota seems to be involved in its development and outcome. In this study, we investigate the interplay between genetic risk and gut microbial markers. Methods We included 159 first-episode, drug-naïve SCZ patients and 86 healthy controls. The microbial composition of feces was characterized using the 16S rRNA sequencing platform, and five microbial α-diversity indices were estimated [Shannon, Simpson, Chao1, the Abundance-based Eoverage Estimator (ACE), and a phylogenetic diversity-based estimate (PD)]. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for SCZ were constructed using data from large-scale genome-wide association studies. Effects of microbial α-diversity, microbial abundance, and PRS on SCZ were evaluated via generalized linear models. Results We confirmed that PRS was associated with SCZ (OR = 2.08, p = 1.22×10-5) and that scores on the Shannon (OR = 0.29, p = 1.15×10-8) and Simpson (OR = 0.29, p = 1.25×10-8) indices were inversely associated with SCZ risk. We found significant interactions (p < 0.05) between PRS and α-diversity indices (Shannon, Simpson, and PD), with the effects of PRS being larger in those exhibiting higher diversity compared to those with lower diversity. Moreover, the PRS effects were larger in individuals with a high abundance of the genera Romboutsia, Streptococcus, and Anaerostipes than in those with low abundance (p < 0.05). All three of these genera showed protective effects against SCZ. Conclusion The current findings suggest an interplay between the gut microbiota and polygenic risk of SCZ that warrants replication in independent samples. Experimental studies are needed to determine the underpinning mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Psychiatric Transformation Research Key Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiuxia Yuan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Psychiatric Transformation Research Key Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Psychiatric Transformation Research Key Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Psychiatric Transformation Research Key Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yiqiao Mao
- School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Xueqin Song
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Psychiatric Transformation Research Key Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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11
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Dal Santo F, González-Blanco L, García-Portilla MP, Alfonso M, Hernandez C, Sanchez-Autet M, Bernardo M, Anmella G, Amoretti S, Safont G, Marín Alcaraz L, Arranz B. From gut to brain: A network model of intestinal permeability, inflammation, and psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2024; 79:32-37. [PMID: 38086222 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Impaired intestinal permeability has recently been suggested as a possible source of chronic inflammation in schizophrenia, but its association with specific psychopathological features remains uncertain. This study aimed to explore the interaction between intestinal permeability, inflammation, and positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia using a network analysis approach. The study sample comprised 281 adults with schizophrenia (age 40.29 ± 13.65 years, 63.0 % males), enrolled in a cross-sectional observational study assessing intestinal permeability. We estimated the network with a Gaussian graphical model, incorporating scores from 14 individual items of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), along with body mass index (BMI), and plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) levels. We calculated strength centrality and expected influence and used bridge centrality statistics to identify the bridge nodes. Distinct but highly interconnected clusters emerged for positive and negative symptoms. The biological variables were closely associated with each other. LBP was positively linked with CRP and BMI, but only indirectly connected to psychopathology. CRP exhibited direct positive relationships with various PANSS items and bridged LBP and BMI with psychopathology. Bridge nodes included Conceptual Disorganisation (P2), Active Social Avoidance (G16), Suspiciousness/Persecution (P6), and CRP. These findings support the role of gut-derived inflammation as a mechanism underlying greater symptom severity in schizophrenia and emphasise the importance of addressing dietary habits not only to enhance physical health but also to contribute to improving psychotic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Dal Santo
- Área de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Leticia González-Blanco
- Área de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Paz García-Portilla
- Área de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Miqueu Alfonso
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Hernandez
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Sanchez-Autet
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Bernardo
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències (UBNeuro), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Anmella
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Digital Innovation Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Amoretti
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències (UBNeuro), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Safont
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Mutua Terrassa, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Marín Alcaraz
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Mutua Terrassa, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belén Arranz
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Gan Y, Chen Y, Zhong H, Liu Z, Geng J, Wang H, Wang W. Gut microbes in central nervous system development and related disorders. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1288256. [PMID: 38343438 PMCID: PMC10854220 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1288256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The association between gut microbiota and central nervous system (CNS) development has garnered significant research attention in recent years. Evidence suggests bidirectional communication between the CNS and gut microbiota through the brain-gut axis. As a long and complex process, CNS development is highly susceptible to both endogenous and exogenous factors. The gut microbiota impacts the CNS by regulating neurogenesis, myelination, glial cell function, synaptic pruning, and blood-brain barrier permeability, with implication in various CNS disorders. This review outlines the relationship between gut microbiota and stages of CNS development (prenatal and postnatal), emphasizing the integral role of gut microbes. Furthermore, the review explores the implications of gut microbiota in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder, Rett syndrome, and Angelman syndrome, offering insights into early detection, prompt intervention, and innovative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Gan
- Department of Infectious Disease and Hepatic Disease, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease and Hepatic Disease, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Huijie Zhong
- Department of Infectious Disease and Hepatic Disease, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease and Hepatic Disease, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiawei Geng
- Department of Infectious Disease and Hepatic Disease, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Huishan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Wenxue Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease and Hepatic Disease, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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13
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Kerman IA, Glover ME, Lin Y, West JL, Hanlon AL, Kablinger AS, Clinton SM. Antibiotic exposure is associated with decreased risk of psychiatric disorders. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1290052. [PMID: 38259293 PMCID: PMC10801048 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1290052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study sought to investigate the relationship between antibiotic exposure and subsequent risk of psychiatric disorders. Methods: This retrospective cohort study used a national database of 69 million patients from 54 large healthcare organizations. We identified a cohort of 20,214 (42.5% male; 57.9 ± 15.1 years old [mean ± SD]) adults without prior neuropsychiatric diagnoses who received antibiotics during hospitalization. Matched controls included 41,555 (39.6% male; 57.3 ± 15.5 years old) hospitalized adults without antibiotic exposure. The two cohorts were balanced for potential confounders, including demographics and variables with potential to affect: the microbiome, mental health, medical comorbidity, and overall health status. Data were stratified by age and by sex, and outcome measures were assessed starting 6 months after hospital discharge. Results: Antibiotic exposure was consistently associated with a significant decrease in the risk of novel mood disorders and anxiety and stressor-related disorders in: men (mood (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.77, 0.91), anxiety (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.82, 0.95), women (mood (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.89,1.00), anxiety (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.88, 0.98), those who are 26-49 years old (mood (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.80, 0.94), anxiety (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.84, 0.97)), and in those ≥50 years old (mood (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.86, 0.97), anxiety (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.87, 0.97). Risk of intentional harm and suicidality was decreased in men (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.55, 0.98) and in those ≥50 years old (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.49, 0.92). Risk of psychotic disorders was also decreased in subjects ≥50 years old (OR 0.83, 95 CI: 0.69, 0.99). Conclusion: Use of antibiotics in the inpatient setting is associated with protective effects against multiple psychiatric outcomes in an age- and sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan A. Kerman
- Mental Health Integrated Care Community, Minneapolis Veterans Administration Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Matthew E. Glover
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Yezhe Lin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Virginia Tech Carillion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chinese-German Institute of Mental Health, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jennifer L. West
- Department of Statistics and Center for Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Alexandra L. Hanlon
- Department of Statistics and Center for Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Anita S. Kablinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Virginia Tech Carillion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Sarah M. Clinton
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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14
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Kowalski K, Żebrowska-Różańska P, Karpiński P, Kujawa D, Łaczmański Ł, Samochowiec J, Chęć M, Piotrowski P, Misiak B. Profiling gut microbiota signatures associated with the deficit subtype of schizophrenia: Findings from a case-control study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 127:110834. [PMID: 37473955 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported a variety of gut microbiota alterations in patients with schizophrenia. However, none of these studies has investigated gut microbiota in patients with the deficit subtype of schizophrenia (D-SCZ) that can be characterized by primary and enduring negative symptoms. Therefore, in this study we aimed to profile gut microbiota of individuals with D-SCZ, compared to those with non-deficit schizophrenia (ND-SCZ) and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS A total of 115 outpatients (44 individuals with D-SCZ and 71 individuals with ND-SCZ) during remission of positive and disorganization symptoms as well as 120 HCs were enrolled. Gut microbiota was analyzed using the 16 rRNA amplicon sequencing. Additionally, the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), glucose and lipid metabolism markers were determined in the peripheral blood samples. RESULTS Altogether 14 genera showed differential abundance in patients with D-SCZ compared to ND-SCZ and HCs, including Candidatus Soleaferrea, Eubacterium, Fusobacterium, Lachnospiraceae UCG-002, Lachnospiraceae UCG-004, Lachnospiraceae UCG-010, Libanicoccus, Limosilactobacillus, Mogibacterium, Peptococcus, Prevotella, Prevotellaceae NK3B31 group, Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, and Slackia after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Observed alterations were significantly associated with cognitive performance in both groups of patients. Moreover, several significant correlations of differentially abundant genera with the levels of CRP, lipid profile parameters, glucose and insulin were found across all subgroups of participants. CONCLUSION Findings from the present study indicate that individuals with D-SCZ show a distinct profile of gut microbiota alterations that is associated with cognitive performance, metabolic parameters and subclinical inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kowalski
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Żebrowska-Różańska
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Karpiński
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland; Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Kujawa
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Łaczmański
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Chęć
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patryk Piotrowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
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15
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Zandifar A, Badrfam R, Gholamian F, Shafiee A. Efficacy of spironolactone as adjunctive therapy to sodium valproate in bipolar-I disorder: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3313. [PMID: 37933420 PMCID: PMC10726882 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment of mood and cognitive symptoms of patients with bipolar disorder is associated with many complications and is generally not associated with therapeutic satisfaction. In this clinical trial, we evaluated the effectiveness of spironolactone in controlling mood and cognitive symptoms, sleep quality, appetite, and body mass index in patients with bipolar disorder in manic episodes. METHODS Sixty inpatients with bipolar disorder in manic episodes were treated with spironolactone/placebo in an 8-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. They were evaluated using the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Pittsburgh sleep quality index, Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire, and body mass index in weeks 1, 4, and 8. RESULTS For cognitive impairment (MMSE), there were significant interaction effects of group and time at week 8 (B = -1.60, SE = 0.69, t = -2.33, p = .021) such that individuals in the spironolactone group experienced more improvement in their cognitive performance. For manic symptoms (YMRS), there were no significant interaction effects of group and time at week 8 (B = -2.53, SE = 1.46, t = -1.73, p = .085). CONCLUSIONS Considering the promising findings in this clinical trial, further study of spironolactone as adjunctive therapy in bipolar disorder in manic episodes with larger sample sizes, multicenter settings, and longer follow-ups are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Zandifar
- Social Determinants of Health Research CenterAlborz University of Medical SciencesKarajIran
- Department of Psychiatry, Imam Hossein Hospital, School of MedicineAlborz University of Medical SciencesKarajIran
| | - Rahim Badrfam
- Department of Psychiatry, Imam Hossein Hospital, School of MedicineAlborz University of Medical SciencesKarajIran
| | | | - Arman Shafiee
- Clinical Research Development UnitAlborz University of Medical SciencesKarajIran
- Student Research Committee, School of MedicineAlborz University of Medical SciencesKarajIran
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16
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Maes M, Vasupanrajit A, Jirakran K, Klomkliew P, Chanchaem P, Tunvirachaisakul C, Plaimas K, Suratanee A, Payungporn S. Adverse childhood experiences and reoccurrence of illness impact the gut microbiome, which affects suicidal behaviours and the phenome of major depression: towards enterotypic phenotypes. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2023; 35:328-345. [PMID: 37052305 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2023.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The first publication demonstrating that major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with alterations in the gut microbiota appeared in 2008 (Maes et al., 2008). The purpose of the present study is to delineate a) the microbiome signature of the phenome of depression, including suicidal behaviours (SB) and cognitive deficits; the effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and recurrence of illness index (ROI) on the microbiome; and the microbiome signature of lowered high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc). We determined isometric log-ratio abundances or prevalences of gut microbiome phyla, genera, and species by analysing stool samples from 37 healthy Thai controls and 32 MDD patients using 16S rDNA sequencing. Six microbiome taxa accounted for 36% of the variance in the depression phenome, namely Hungatella and Fusicatenibacter (positive associations) and Butyricicoccus, Clostridium, Parabacteroides merdae, and Desulfovibrio piger (inverse association). This profile (labelled enterotype 1) indicates compositional dysbiosis, is strongly predicted by ACE and ROI, and is linked to SB. A second enterotype was developed that predicted a decrease in HDLc and an increase in the atherogenic index of plasma (Bifidobacterium, P. merdae, and Romboutsia were positively associated, while Proteobacteria and Clostridium sensu stricto were negatively associated). Together, enterotypes 1 and 2 explained 40.4% of the variance in the depression phenome, and enterotype 1 in conjunction with HDLc explained 39.9% of the variance in current SB. In conclusion, the microimmuneoxysome is a potential new drug target for the treatment of severe depression and SB and possibly for the prevention of future episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
- Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul02447, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Asara Vasupanrajit
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ketsupar Jirakran
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
- Maximizing Thai Children's Developmental Potential Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pavit Klomkliew
- Center of Excellence in Systems Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prangwalai Chanchaem
- Center of Excellence in Systems Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chavit Tunvirachaisakul
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kitiporn Plaimas
- Advanced Virtual and Intelligent Computing (AVIC) Center, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok10330, Thailand
| | - Apichat Suratanee
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok10800, Thailand
| | - Sunchai Payungporn
- Center of Excellence in Systems Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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17
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Refisch A, Walter M. [The importance of the human microbiome for mental health]. DER NERVENARZT 2023; 94:1001-1009. [PMID: 37847418 PMCID: PMC10620288 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-023-01552-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Many common diseases including psychiatric disorders show characteristic alterations in the microbiome. Preclinical studies have uncovered important mechanisms by which the microbiome interacts bidirectionally with neural functions. Dysregulation of the complex interplay between the microbiome, immune system, stress response, and energy homeostasis, particularly in the early stages of life, can predispose to the development of psychiatric symptoms later in life. Although few clinical studies are available to date, the broad influence of the microbiome on neural and mental functions as well as its high plasticity, have generated great interest in its therapeutic potential for common psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Refisch
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Philosophenweg 3, 07743, Jena, Deutschland.
- Center for Intervention and Research on adaptive and maladaptive brain Circuits underlying mental health (C-I-R-C), Jena, Deutschland.
| | - Martin Walter
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Philosophenweg 3, 07743, Jena, Deutschland
- Deutsches Zentrum für psychische Gesundheit (DZP), Jena, Deutschland
- Center for Intervention and Research on adaptive and maladaptive brain Circuits underlying mental health (C-I-R-C), Jena, Deutschland
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18
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Kouraki A, Kelly A, Vijay A, Gohir S, Astbury S, Georgopoulos V, Millar B, Walsh DA, Ferguson E, Menni C, Valdes AM. Reproducible microbiome composition signatures of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:5326-5336. [PMID: 37954149 PMCID: PMC10637863 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is a significant contributor to mental health, with growing evidence linking its composition to anxiety and depressive disorders. Gut microbiome composition is associated with signs of anxiety and depression both in clinically diagnosed mood disorders and subclinically in the general population and may be influenced by dietary fibre intake and the presence of chronic pain. We provide an update of current evidence on the role of gut microbiome composition in depressive and anxiety disorders or symptoms by reviewing available studies. Analysing data from three independent cohorts (osteoarthritis 1 (OA1); n = 46, osteoarthritis 2 (OA2); n = 58, and healthy controls (CON); n = 67), we identified microbial composition signatures of anxiety and depressive symptoms at genus level and cross-validated our findings performing meta-analyses of our results with results from previously published studies. The genera Bifidobacterium (fixed-effect beta (95% CI) = -0.22 (-0.34, -0.10), p = 3.90e-04) and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group (fixed-effect beta (95% CI) = -0.09 (-0.13, -0.05), p = 2.53e-06) were found to be the best predictors of anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively, across our three cohorts and published literature taking into account demographic and lifestyle covariates, such as fibre intake. The association with anxiety was robust in accounting for heterogeneity between cohorts and supports previous observations of the potential prophylactic effect of Bifidobacterium against anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afroditi Kouraki
- Academic Unit of Injury, Recovery and Inflammation Sciences, Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anthony Kelly
- Academic Unit of Injury, Recovery and Inflammation Sciences, Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Amrita Vijay
- Academic Unit of Injury, Recovery and Inflammation Sciences, Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sameer Gohir
- Academic Unit of Injury, Recovery and Inflammation Sciences, Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stuart Astbury
- Academic Unit of Injury, Recovery and Inflammation Sciences, Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Vasileios Georgopoulos
- Academic Unit of Injury, Recovery and Inflammation Sciences, Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Bonnie Millar
- Academic Unit of Injury, Recovery and Inflammation Sciences, Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - David Andrew Walsh
- Academic Unit of Injury, Recovery and Inflammation Sciences, Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Eamonn Ferguson
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Behaviour, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ana M. Valdes
- Academic Unit of Injury, Recovery and Inflammation Sciences, Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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19
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Paniagua G, González-Blanco L, Sáiz PA, Moya-Lacasa C, Gutiérrez L, Martínez-Botía P, Dal Santo F, Jiménez-Treviño L, García-Portilla MP, Bobes J. Platelet and white blood-cell-based ratios: Differential inflammatory markers of severe mental disorders? SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND MENTAL HEALTH 2023:S2950-2853(23)00008-X. [PMID: 38591835 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjpmh.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neutrophil/lymphocyte (NLR), monocyte/lymphocyte (MLR), and platelet/lymphocyte (PLR) ratios, and systemic inflammatory index (SII) represent peripheral markers of inflammation associated with different severe mental disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, these parameters were analyzed in a sample of 622 participants [197 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), 154 with bipolar disorder (BD), 176 with schizophrenia (SCH), and 95 healthy controls (HC)]. Sociodemographic and clinical data of patients were recorded. RESULTS Differences in age and sex were detected among groups (p<0.001), with SCH patients being younger and MDD patients being older. After stratifying by sex, these ratios were compared using the nonparametric ANCOVA (Quade's test) using age as a covariate. In males, no significant statistical differences were found between groups. However, differences were observed in MLR in the subgroup of females [MDD: 0.23 (SD=0.09); BD: 0.23 (SD=0.11); SCH: 0.24 (SD=0.11); HC: 0.29 (SD=0.13); F=5.376, p=0.001]. Post hoc testing revealed that there are MLR differences between HC versus MDD and between HC versus BD, with higher values in HC versus the other two groups. On the other hand, no differences were found in either males or females for any of the studied ratios, among the three diagnostic groups. CONCLUSIONS MLR is reduced in MDD and BD patients versus HC, but exclusively in the female group. However, based on the analyzed indices, it is not possible to differentiate among the three diagnostic groups of patients. As a limitation of this study, note that the effects of psychopharmacological treatments and smoking have not been controlled for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Paniagua
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Leticia González-Blanco
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Pilar A Sáiz
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain.
| | - Carlota Moya-Lacasa
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laura Gutiérrez
- Platelet Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Patricia Martínez-Botía
- Platelet Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Francesco Dal Santo
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Luis Jiménez-Treviño
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Paz García-Portilla
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Julio Bobes
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
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20
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Kowalski K, Szponar B, Bochen P, Żebrowska-Różańska P, Łaczmański Ł, Samochowiec J, Misiak B. Altered levels of fecal short-chain fatty acids are associated with subclinical inflammation and worse cognitive performance in patients with schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 165:298-304. [PMID: 37552919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a multi-systemic disorder that is associated with lipid profile disturbances, altered glucose homeostasis and subclinical inflammation. It has been proposed that dysfunction of the gut-brain axis might underlie these alterations. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are considered to play a pivotal role in the gut-brain axis. In this study, we aimed to compare fecal levels of SCFAs in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls (HCs), taking into consideration their relationship with common peripheral blood alterations observed in schizophrenia. The study included 100 stable outpatients with schizophrenia and 55 HCs. The levels of SCFAs (acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid, and lactic acid) in fecal samples were measured. Also, lipid profile together with the levels of C-reactive protein, glucose and insulin were determined. The levels of isovaleric acid were significantly higher in patients with schizophrenia after co-varying for age, sex, and the adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Moreover, there were significant positive correlations of the levels of valeric acid, isovaleric acid and CRP in patients with schizophrenia. In this group of participants, higher levels of isovaleric acid were associated with significantly lower scores of delayed memory after adjustment for potential covariates and interactions with CRP levels. Our results indicate that individuals with schizophrenia show altered levels of isovaleric acid that might be associated with impairments of delayed memory. The association with cognitive impairments might be independent of interactions with immune-inflammatory processes. Longitudinal and experimental studies are needed to test causal mechanisms of observed correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kowalski
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Bogumiła Szponar
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Patrycja Bochen
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Żebrowska-Różańska
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Łaczmański
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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21
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Taylor VH, Kumar V. Can we manage gut microbiome imbalances in patients with bipolar disorder with pharmacotherapy? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:1957-1961. [PMID: 38073530 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2288287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A novel new area of exploration in the treatment of bipolar disorder is the gut brain axis. Studies have shown significant differences between the gut microbiome in those with bipolar disorder and those without the illness, as well as documented microbiome changes associated with the effects of bipolar pharmacotherapy and targeted microbial interventions. Although we have evidence suggesting the bi-directional relationship between the gut microbiome and psychiatric disorders, we are still unable to utilize this understanding clinically. AREAS COVERED We need to better understand the factors that impact the microbiome in this illness and vice versa. EXPERT OPINION Additionally, changes in gut microbiome in bipolar disorder might be used for biomarker identification with a potential to help in diagnosis and monitoring of the condition. It is an important area for further research and may provide improved therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie H Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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22
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Wei N, Wang S, Li X, Pan R, Yi W, Song J, Liu L, Liu J, Yuan J, Song R, Cheng J, Su H. The association between greenery type and gut microbiome in schizophrenia: did all greenspaces play the equivalent role? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:100006-100017. [PMID: 37624502 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29419-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, attention has been focused on the benefit of greenspace on mental health, and it is suggested this link may vary with the type of greenspace. More and more studies have emphasized the influence of the gut microbiome on schizophrenia (SCZ). However, the effects of greenspaces on the gut microbiota in SCZ and the effect of different types of greenspaces on the gut microbiota remain unclear. We aim to examine if there were variations in the effects of various greenspace types on the gut microbiome in SCZ. Besides, we sink to explore important taxonomic compositions associated with different greenspace types. We recruited 243 objects with schizophrenia from Anhui Mental Health Center and collected fecal samples for 16Sr RNA gene sequencing. Three types of greenery coverage were calculated with different circular buffers (800, 1500, and 3000 m) corresponding to individual addresses. The association between greenspace and microbiome composition was analyzed with permutational analysis of variance (PERMANOVA). We conducted the linear regression to capture specific gut microbiome taxa associated with greenery coverage. Tree coverage was consistently associated with microbial composition in both 1500 m (R2 = 0.007, P = 0.030) and 3000 m (R2 = 0.007, P = 0.039). In contrast, there was no association with grass cover in any of the buffer zones. In the regression analysis, higher tree coverage was significantly correlated with the relative abundance of several taxa. Among them, tree coverage was positively associated with increased Bifidobacterium longum (β = 1.069, P = 0.004), which was the dominant composition in the gut microbiota. The relationship between greenspace and gut microbiome in SCZ differed by the type of greenspace. Besides, "tree coverage" may present a dominant effect on the important taxonomic composition. Our findings might provide instructive evidence for the design of urban greenspace to optimize health and well-being in SCZ as well as the whole people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shusi Wang
- Hefei Stomatological Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xuanxuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Rubing Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Weizhuo Yi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jintao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jiajun Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Rong Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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23
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Karpiński P, Żebrowska-Różańska P, Kujawa D, Łaczmański Ł, Samochowiec J, Jabłoński M, Plichta P, Piotrowski P, Bielawski T, Misiak B. Gut microbiota alterations in schizophrenia might be related to stress exposure: Findings from the machine learning analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 155:106335. [PMID: 37467542 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Specific mechanisms underlying gut microbiota alterations in schizophrenia remain unknown. We aimed to compare gut microbiota between patients with schizophrenia and controls, taking into consideration exposure stress across lifespan, dietary habits, metabolic parameters and clinical manifestation. A total of 142 participants, including 89 patients with schizophrenia and 52 controls, were recruited. Gut microbiota were analyzed using the 16 S rRNA sequencing. Additionally, biochemical parameters related to glucose homeostasis, lipid profile and inflammation were assessed. Increased abundance of Lactobacillus and Limosilactobacillus as well as decreased abundance of Faecalibacterium and Paraprevotella were found in patients with schizophrenia. The machine learning analysis demonstrated that between-group differences in gut microbiota were associated with psychosocial stress (a history of childhood trauma, greater cumulative exposure to stress across lifespan and higher level of perceived stress), poor nutrition (lower consumption of vegetables and fish products), lipid profile alterations (lower levels of high-density lipoproteins) and cognitive impairment (worse performance of attention). Our findings indicate that gut microbiota alterations in patients with schizophrenia, including increased abundance of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus and Limosilactobacillus) and decreased abundance of bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids (Faecalibacterium and Paraprevotella) might be associated with exposure to stress, poor dietary habits, lipid profile alterations and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Karpiński
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland; Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Żebrowska-Różańska
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Kujawa
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Łaczmański
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marcin Jabłoński
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Piotr Plichta
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patryk Piotrowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bielawski
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
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24
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Afroz KF, Manchia M. Gut microbiome and psychiatric disorders. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:488. [PMID: 37420189 PMCID: PMC10329335 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Several pieces of evidence show that gut microbiota can impact psychiatric disorders. However, no mechanism behind the relationship has been identified. Host genetics and their diets have a significant impact on the gut microbiota. More advanced studies are needed to find the mechanism and develop new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirko Manchia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, 09121, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, 09121, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 0A2, Canada
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25
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Arnone D. Increased levels of intestinal-type fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) in mood disorders. Psychol Med 2023; 53:4827-4828. [PMID: 35861115 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722001970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Arnone
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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26
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Zhao Y, Wang Y, Meng F, Chen X, Chang T, Huang H, He F, Zheng Y. Altered gut microbiota as potential biomarker biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder in early childhood. Neuroscience 2023:S0306-4522(23)00202-6. [PMID: 37271221 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders are widely recorded in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and ASD with GI symptoms is a vital subtype of this disease. Growing evidence suggests altered gut microbiota biomarkers in ASD, but little is known about the gut microbiota of individuals with ASD with GI Symptoms, particularly in early childhood. In our study, the gut microbiota of 36 individuals with ASD along with GI symptoms and 40 typically developing (TD) children were compared using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The microbial diversity and composition were found to differ between the two groups. Compared to TD, the gut microbiota of ASD patients with GI symptoms exhibited decreased alpha diversity and depletion of butyrate-producing bacteria (e.g., Faecalibacterium and Coprococcus). In addition, microbial functional analysis showed abnormality in several gut metabolic models and gut brain models of ASD with GI symptoms, including SCFAshort-chain fatty acid (SCFA) synthesis/degradation and neurotoxin-related p-cresol degradation, which are closely associated with ASD-related behaviors in animal models. Furthermore, we constructed a Support Vector Machine classification model, which robustly discriminated individuals with ASD and GI symptoms from TD individuals in a validation set (AUC = 0.88). Our findings provide a deep insight into the roles of the disturbed gut ecosystem in individuals with ASD and GI symptoms aged 3-6 years. Our classification model supports gut microbiota as a potential biomarker for the early identification of ASD and interventions targeting particular gut-beneficial microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Zhao
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China; The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China; The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Fanchao Meng
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China; The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China; Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Chen
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China; The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Tianyi Chang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China; The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Huanhuan Huang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China; The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Fan He
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China; The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China.
| | - Yi Zheng
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China; The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China.
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27
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Amdanee N, Shao M, Hu X, Fang X, Zhou C, Chen J, Ridwan Chattun M, Wen L, Pan X, Zhang X, Xu Y. Serum Metabolic Profile in Schizophrenia Patients With Antipsychotic-Induced Constipation and Its relationship With Gut Microbiome. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:646-658. [PMID: 36723169 PMCID: PMC10154739 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Antipsychotics (APs), the cornerstone of schizophrenia treatment, confer a relatively high risk of constipation. However, the mechanisms underpinning AP-induced constipation are poorly understood. Thus, we hypothesized that (1) schizophrenia patients with AP-induced constipation have distinct metabolic patterns; (2) there is more than one mechanism at play in producing this adverse drug effect; and (3) AP-associated changes in the gut microbiome are related to the altered metabolic profiles. STUDY DESIGN Eighty-eight schizophrenia patients, including 44 with constipation (C) and 44 matched patients without constipation (NC), were enrolled in this study. Constipation was diagnosed by Rome IV criteria for constipation and colonic transit time using radiopaque markers (ROMs) while severity was evaluated with the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSS) and Constipation Assessment Scale (CAS). Fasting blood samples were drawn from all participants and were subjected to non-targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomic analysis. STUDY RESULTS Eleven metabolites were significantly altered in AP-induced constipation which primarily disturbed sphingolipid metabolism, choline metabolism, and sphingolipid signaling pathway (P value < .05, FDR < 0.05). In the C group, changes in the gut bacteria showed a certain degree of correlation with 2 of the significantly altered serum metabolites and were associated with alterations in choline metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that there were disturbances in distinct metabolic pathways that were associated with AP-induced constipation. In addition, this study presents evidence of a link between alterations in the gut microbiome and host metabolism which provides additional mechanistic insights on AP-induced constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nousayhah Amdanee
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Miaomiao Shao
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People’s Hospital of Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuxiu Hu
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People’s Hospital of Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyu Fang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiu Chen
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mohammad Ridwan Chattun
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Wen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People’s Hospital of Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinming Pan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People’s Hospital of Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangrong Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Affiliated Xuzhou Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Maes M, Vasupanrajit A, Jirakran K, Klomkliew P, Chanchaem P, Tunvirachaisakul C, Payungporn S. Exploration of the Gut Microbiome in Thai Patients with Major Depressive Disorder Shows a Specific Bacterial Profile with Depletion of the Ruminococcus Genus as a Putative Biomarker. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091240. [PMID: 37174640 PMCID: PMC10177051 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Maes et al. (2008) published the first paper demonstrating that major depressive disorder (MDD) is accompanied by abnormalities in the microbiota-gut-brain axis, as evidenced by elevated serum IgM/IgA to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria, such as Morganella morganii and Klebsiella Pneumoniae. The latter aberrations, which point to increased gut permeability (leaky gut), are linked to activated neuro-immune and oxidative pathways in MDD. To delineate the profile and composition of the gut microbiome in Thai patients with MDD, we examined fecal samples of 32 MDD patients and 37 controls using 16S rDNA sequencing, analyzed α- (Chao1 and Shannon indices) and β-diversity (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity), and conducted linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis. Neither α- nor β-diversity differed significantly between MDD and controls. Rhodospirillaceae, Hungatella, Clostridium bolteae, Hungatella hathewayi, and Clostridium propionicum were significantly enriched in MDD, while Gracillibacteraceae family, Lutispora, and Ruminococcus genus, Ruminococcus callidus, Desulfovibrio piger, Coprococcus comes, and Gemmiger were enriched in controls. Contradictory results have been reported for all these taxa, with the exception of Ruminococcus, which is depleted in six different MDD studies (one study showed increased abundance), many medical disorders that show comorbidities with MDD, and animal MDD models. Our results may suggest a specific profile of compositional gut dysbiosis in Thai MDD patients, with increases in some pathobionts and depletion of some beneficial microbiota. The results suggest that depletion of Ruminococcus may be a more universal biomarker of MDD that may contribute to increased enteral LPS load, LPS translocation, and gut-brain axis abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Asara Vasupanrajit
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Ketsupar Jirakran
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Maximizing Thai Children's Developmental Potential Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pavit Klomkliew
- Center of Excellence in Systems Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Prangwalai Chanchaem
- Center of Excellence in Systems Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chavit Tunvirachaisakul
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sunchai Payungporn
- Center of Excellence in Systems Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Cyran A, Pawlak E, Piotrowski P, Bielawski T, Samochowiec J, Tyburski E, Chęć M, Rembacz K, Łaczmański Ł, Bieniek W, Gamian A, Misiak B. The deficit subtype of schizophrenia is associated with a pro-inflammatory phenotype but not with altered levels of zonulin: Findings from a case-control study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 153:106109. [PMID: 37075652 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that subclinical inflammation and increased gut permeability might be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Less is known about these phenomena in patients with the deficit subtype of schizophrenia (D-SCZ) characterized by primary and enduring negative symptoms. Therefore, in the present study we aimed to compare the levels of zonulin (the marker of gut permeability) and immune-inflammatory markers in patients with D-SCZ, those with non-deficit schizophrenia (ND-SCZ) and healthy controls (HCs). A total of 119 outpatients with schizophrenia and 120 HCs were enrolled. The levels of 26 immune-inflammatory markers and zonulin were determined in serum samples. The following between-group differences were significant after adjustment for multiple testing and the effects of potential confounding factors: 1) higher levels of interleukin(IL)- 1β and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with D-SCZ compared to those with ND-SCZ and HCs; 2) higher levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and RANTES in both groups of patients with schizophrenia compared to HCs and 3) higher levels of IL-17 in patients with D-SCZ compared to HCs. No significant between-group differences in zonulin levels were found. Higher levels of IL-1β and CRP were associated with worse performance of attention after adjustment for age, education and chlorpromazine equivalents. Also, higher levels of IL-1β were correlated with greater severity of negative symptoms after adjustment for potential confounding factors. In conclusion, individuals with D-SCZ are more likely to show subclinical inflammation. However, findings from the present study do not support the hypothesis that this phenomenon is secondary to increased gut permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Cyran
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Pawlak
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Experimental Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Patryk Piotrowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bielawski
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ernest Tyburski
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Chęć
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Rembacz
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Experimental Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Łaczmański
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Bieniek
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Experimental Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
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30
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Kelly JR, Clarke G, Harkin A, Corr SC, Galvin S, Pradeep V, Cryan JF, O'Keane V, Dinan TG. Seeking the Psilocybiome: Psychedelics meet the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2023; 23:100349. [PMID: 36605409 PMCID: PMC9791138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Moving towards a systems psychiatry paradigm embraces the inherent complex interactions across all levels from micro to macro and necessitates an integrated approach to treatment. Cortical 5-HT2A receptors are key primary targets for the effects of serotonergic psychedelics. However, the therapeutic mechanisms underlying psychedelic therapy are complex and traverse molecular, cellular, and network levels, under the influence of biofeedback signals from the periphery and the environment. At the interface between the individual and the environment, the gut microbiome, via the gut-brain axis, plays an important role in the unconscious parallel processing systems regulating host neurophysiology. While psychedelic and microbial signalling systems operate over different timescales, the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis, as a convergence hub between multiple biofeedback systems may play a role in the preparatory phase, the acute administration phase, and the integration phase of psychedelic therapy. In keeping with an interconnected systems-based approach, this review will discuss the gut microbiome and mycobiome and pathways of the MGB axis, and then explore the potential interaction between psychedelic therapy and the MGB axis and how this might influence mechanism of action and treatment response. Finally, we will discuss the possible implications for a precision medicine-based psychedelic therapy paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Kelly
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Sinead C. Corr
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen Galvin
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vishnu Pradeep
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John F. Cryan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Veronica O'Keane
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Ireland
| | - Timothy G. Dinan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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31
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Johnson D, Letchumanan V, Thum CC, Thurairajasingam S, Lee LH. A Microbial-Based Approach to Mental Health: The Potential of Probiotics in the Treatment of Depression. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061382. [PMID: 36986112 PMCID: PMC10053794 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are currently the subject of intensive research pursuits and also represent a multi-billion-dollar global industry given their vast potential to improve human health. In addition, mental health represents a key domain of healthcare, which currently has limited, adverse-effect prone treatment options, and probiotics may hold the potential to be a novel, customizable treatment for depression. Clinical depression is a common, potentially debilitating condition that may be amenable to a precision psychiatry-based approach utilizing probiotics. Although our understanding has not yet reached a sufficient level, this could be a therapeutic approach that can be tailored for specific individuals with their own unique set of characteristics and health issues. Scientifically, the use of probiotics as a treatment for depression has a valid basis rooted in the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) mechanisms, which play a role in the pathophysiology of depression. In theory, probiotics appear to be ideal as adjunct therapeutics for major depressive disorder (MDD) and as stand-alone therapeutics for mild MDD and may potentially revolutionize the treatment of depressive disorders. Although there is a wide range of probiotics and an almost limitless range of therapeutic combinations, this review aims to narrow the focus to the most widely commercialized and studied strains, namely Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, and to bring together the arguments for their usage in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Clinicians, scientists, and industrialists are critical stakeholders in exploring this groundbreaking concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinyadarshini Johnson
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Vengadesh Letchumanan
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
- Pathogen Resistome Virulome and Diagnostic Research Group (PathRiD), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Chern Choong Thum
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah, Persiaran Mardi-UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Sivakumar Thurairajasingam
- Clinical School Johor Bahru, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Johor Bahru 80100, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.T.); or (L.-H.L.)
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
- Pathogen Resistome Virulome and Diagnostic Research Group (PathRiD), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.T.); or (L.-H.L.)
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32
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The gut microbiota and depressive symptoms across ethnic groups. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7129. [PMID: 36473853 PMCID: PMC9726934 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34504-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is thought to play a role in depressive disorders, which makes it an attractive target for interventions. Both the microbiome and depressive symptom levels vary substantially across ethnic groups. Thus, any intervention for depression targeting the microbiome requires understanding of microbiome-depression associations across ethnicities. Analysing data from the HELIUS cohort, we characterize the gut microbiota and its associations with depressive symptoms in 6 ethnic groups (Dutch, South-Asian Surinamese, African Surinamese, Ghanaian, Turkish, Moroccan; N = 3211), living in the same urban area. Diversity of the gut microbiota, both within (α-diversity) and between individuals (β-diversity), predicts depressive symptom levels, taking into account demographic, behavioural, and medical differences. These associations do not differ between ethnic groups. Further, β-diversity explains 29%-18% of the ethnic differences in depressive symptoms. Bacterial genera associated with depressive symptoms belong to mulitple families, prominently including the families Christensenellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae. In summary, the results show that the gut microbiota are linked to depressive symptom levels and that this association generalizes across ethnic groups. Moreover, the results suggest that ethnic differences in the gut microbiota may partly explain parallel disparities in depression.
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33
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The Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis in Psychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911245. [PMID: 36232548 PMCID: PMC9570195 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulating the gut microbiome and its influence on human health is the subject of intense research. The gut microbiota could be associated not only with gastroenterological diseases but also with psychiatric disorders. The importance of factors such as stress, mode of delivery, the role of probiotics, circadian clock system, diet, and occupational and environmental exposure in the relationship between the gut microbiota and brain function through bidirectional communication, described as “the microbiome–gut–brain axis”, is especially underlined. In this review, we discuss the link between the intestinal microbiome and the brain and host response involving different pathways between the intestinal microbiota and the nervous system (e.g., neurotransmitters, endocrine system, immunological mechanisms, or bacterial metabolites). We review the microbiota alterations and their results in the development of psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
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34
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Intestinal Permeability and Depression in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11175121. [PMID: 36079050 PMCID: PMC9457405 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a global health problem that requires an early and accurate diagnosis to ensure quick access to appropriate treatment. Among multiple psychopathological paths, recent attention has focused on analysing the brain–gut–microbiota axis. The intestinal barrier plays a key role, and dysfunctions occurring at this level have implications for mental health. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of intestinal permeability biomarkers, i.e., calprotectin, zonulin, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FAB), in relation to depression in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This is the first study of this kind taking place in Romania, Eastern Europe, with an emphasis on patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. The correlations identified between depression and calprotectin and depression and LBP have the potential to shed light on the process of rapid diagnosis of depression with the help of biomarkers. Since depression is correlated with a decrease in the quality of life in patients with IBD, the need for access to appropriate treatments must be urgent.
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