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Huang Y, Lang A, Yang S, Shahid MS, Yuan J. The Combined Use of Cinnamaldehyde and Vitamin C Is Beneficial for Better Carcass Character and Intestinal Health of Broilers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8396. [PMID: 39125968 PMCID: PMC11313147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of cinnamaldehyde and Vitamin C can improve immunity and intestinal health. A two-way factorial design was employed to investigate the main and interactive effects of cinnamaldehyde and vitamin C on the growth, carcass, and intestinal health of broiler chickens. A total of 288 one-day-old female Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly distributed among four treatment groups, consisting of six replicate cages with 12 birds each. Four treatments were basal diet or control (CON), supplemental cinnamaldehyde (CA) 300 g/ton (g/t), vitamin C (VC) 300 g/t, and cinnamaldehyde 300 g/t, and vitamin C 300 g/t (CA + VC), respectively. The results showed that supplemental CA did not affect the growth performance or slaughter performance of broilers at 21 days (d), 42 days (d), and 1-42 days (d); however, it could improve intestinal barrier function at 42 d of age and reduce the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors in the intestine at 21 d and 42 d of age. Supplemental VC showed a trend towards increasing body weight gain (BWG) at 21 d (p = 0.094), increased breast muscle rate (at 21-d 5.33%, p < 0.05 and at 42-d 7.09%, p = 0.097), and decreased the abdominal fat (23.43%, p < 0.05) and drip loss (20.68%, p < 0.05) at 42-d. Moreover, VC improves intestinal morphology and intestinal barrier function and maintains a balanced immune response. The blend of CA and VC significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD-88) in the intestine at 21 d of age, the mRNA expression of catalase (CAT), Occludin, Claudin-1, Mucin-2, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) in the intestine at 42 d of age (p < 0.01), and downregulated the mRNA expression of interleukin 10 (IL-10), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the intestine at 21-d and 42-d of age, and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) mRNA in intestine at 42 d of age (p < 0.01). This study suggested that the combination of CA and VC had the potential to regulate intestinal health and result in better carcass character of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jianmin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (A.L.); (S.Y.); (M.S.S.)
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2
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Mangan M, Siwek M. Strategies to combat heat stress in poultry production-A review. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:576-595. [PMID: 38152002 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The effects of heat stress (HS) caused by high temperatures continue to be a global concern in poultry production. Poultry birds are homoeothermic, however, modern-day chickens are highly susceptible to HS due to their inefficiency in dissipating heat from their body due to the lack of sweat glands. During HS, the heat load is higher than the chickens' ability to regulate it. This can disturb normal physiological functioning, affect metabolism and cause behavioural changes, respiratory alkalosis and immune dysregulation in birds. These adverse effects cause gut dysbiosis and, therefore, reduce nutrient absorption and energy metabolism. This consequently reduces production performances and causes economic losses. Several strategies have been explored to combat the effects of HS. These include environmentally controlled houses, provision of clean cold water, low stocking density, supplementation of appropriate feed additives, dual and restricted feeding regimes, early heat conditioning and genetic selection of poultry lines to produce heat-resistant birds. Despite all these efforts, HS still remains a challenge in the poultry sector. Therefore, there is a need to explore effective strategies to address this long-lasting problem. The most recent strategy to ameliorate HS in poultry is early perinatal programming using the in ovo technology. Such an approach seems particularly justified in broilers because chick embryo development (21 days) equals half of the chickens' posthatch lifespan (42 days). As such, this strategy is expected to be more efficient and cost-effective to mitigate the effects of HS on poultry and improve the performance and health of birds. Therefore, this review discusses the impact of HS on poultry, the advantages and limitations of the different strategies. Finally recommend a promising strategy that could be efficient in ameliorating the adverse effects of HS in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modou Mangan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Maria Siwek
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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3
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Katafuchi A, Kamegawa M, Goto S, Kuwahara D, Osawa Y, Shimamoto S, Ishihara S, Ohtsuka A, Ijiri D. Effects of Cyclic High Ambient Temperature on Muscle Imidazole Dipeptide Content in Broiler Chickens. J Poult Sci 2024; 61:2024004. [PMID: 38304875 PMCID: PMC10824857 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.2024004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Imidazole dipeptides possess important bioregulatory properties in animals. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of high ambient temperature on muscle imidazole dipeptides (carnosine, anserine, and balenine) in broiler chickens. Sixteen 14-day-old male broiler chickens were divided into two groups, which were reared under thermoneutral (25 ± 1 °C) or cyclic high ambient temperature (35 ± 1 °C for 8 h/day) for 4 weeks. Chickens exposed to cyclic high ambient temperatures displayed lower skeletal muscle anserine and carnosine content than control chickens. Balenine could not be detected in the pectoral muscle of either group. The pectoral muscles of broiler chickens kept under cyclic high-temperature exhibited significantly lower mRNA expression of carnosine synthase 1, which synthesizes carnosine and anserine; but a significantly higher mRNA expression of carnosinase 2, which degrades carnosine and anserine. Our results suggest that heat exposure decreases pectoral imidazole dipeptide content in broiler chickens. This may be attributed to a lower expression of imidazole dipeptide-synthesizing genes, but higher levels of genes involved in their degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Katafuchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Mizuki Kamegawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Serina Goto
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Daichi Kuwahara
- Biotechnology Group, Innovation Technology Center, Central Technical Research Laboratory, ENEOS Corporation, Chidori-Cho 8, Naka-ku, Yokohama 231-0815, Japan
| | - Yukiko Osawa
- Biotechnology Group, Innovation Technology Center, Central Technical Research Laboratory, ENEOS Corporation, Chidori-Cho 8, Naka-ku, Yokohama 231-0815, Japan
| | - Saki Shimamoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Shinya Ishihara
- Graduate School of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Akira Ohtsuka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Daichi Ijiri
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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4
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Murray BA, Machin KL. Utilizing NMR fecal metabolomics as a novel technique for detecting the physiological effects of food shortages in waterfowl. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1229152. [PMID: 38269059 PMCID: PMC10806059 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1229152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is the study of small, endogenous metabolites that participate in metabolic reactions, including responses to stressors. Anthropogenic and environmental changes that alter habitat and food supply can act as stressors in wild waterfowl. These alterations invoke a series of physiological processes to provide energy to restore homeostasis and increase survival. In this study, we utilized fecal metabolomics to measure metabolites and identify pathways related to a 6-day feed restriction in captive mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos, n = 9). Fecal samples were collected before (baseline) and during feed restriction (treatment). H1 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was performed to identify metabolites. We found that fecal metabolite profiles could be used to distinguish between the feed-restricted and baseline samples. We identified metabolites related to pathways for energy production and metabolism endpoints, and metabolites indicative of gut microbiota changes. We also demonstrated that mallard ducks could utilize endogenous reserves in times of limited caloric intake. Fecal metabolomics shows promise as a non-invasive novel tool in identifying and characterizing physiological responses associated with stressors in a captive wild bird species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen L. Machin
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Onagbesan OM, Uyanga VA, Oso O, Tona K, Oke OE. Alleviating heat stress effects in poultry: updates on methods and mechanisms of actions. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1255520. [PMID: 37841463 PMCID: PMC10569619 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1255520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress is a threat that can lead to significant financial losses in the production of poultry in the world's tropical and arid regions. The degree of heat stress (mild, moderate, severe) experienced by poultry depends mainly on thermal radiation, humidity, the animal's thermoregulatory ability, metabolic rate, age, intensity, and duration of the heat stress. Contemporary commercial broiler chickens have a rapid metabolism, which makes them produce higher heat and be prone to heat stress. The negative effect of heat stress on poultry birds' physiology, health, production, welfare, and behaviors are reviewed in detail in this work. The appropriate mitigation strategies for heat stress in poultry are equally explored in this review. Interestingly, each of these strategies finds its applicability at different stages of a poultry's lifecycle. For instance, gene mapping prior to breeding and genetic selection during breeding are promising tools for developing heat-resistant breeds. Thermal conditioning during embryonic development or early life enhances the ability of birds to tolerate heat during their adult life. Nutritional management such as dietary manipulations, nighttime feeding, and wet feeding often, applied with timely and effective correction of environmental conditions have been proven to ameliorate the effect of heat stress in chicks and adult birds. As long as the climatic crises persist, heat stress may continue to require considerable attention; thus, it is imperative to explore the current happenings and pay attention to the future trajectory of heat stress effects on poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oluwadamilola Oso
- Centre of Excellence in Avian Sciences, University of Lome, Lomé, Togo
| | - Kokou Tona
- Centre of Excellence in Avian Sciences, University of Lome, Lomé, Togo
| | - Oyegunle Emmanuel Oke
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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6
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Rakha BA, Ansari MS, Zuha S, Akhter S. Effect of ascorbic acid on metabolic status, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant activity and quality of frozen Indian red jungle fowl (Gallus gallus murghi) semen. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58:1199-1206. [PMID: 37386902 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The Indian red jungle fowl population is decreasing in its natural habitat. Its conservation through semen cryopreservation with sufficient live sperm recovery rate is requisite where ascorbic acid could play significant role to mitigate cryo-incited injuries. The objective was to elucidate the effect of ascorbic acid on freezability of Indian red jungle fowl sperm. Pooled semen was aliquoted and diluted (1:5) with red fowl extender having ascorbic acid: 0.0 (control), 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mM. Diluted samples were cryopreserved and semen quality was assessed at post-dilution, cooling, equilibration and freeze-thawing stages. Sperm metabolic status, antioxidant potential and lipid peroxidation were studied at post-dilution and freeze-thawing. Sperm motility did not differ (p > .05) in experimental extenders and control at post-dilution and cooling; however, it was recorded higher (p < .05) with ascorbic acid at 2.0 mM compared with other levels at post-equilibration and post-thawing stage. Sperm viability, plasma membrane and acrosome intactness were recorded higher (p < .05) with 2.0 mM ascorbic acid compared with other concentrations of ascorbic acid at all stages of cryopreservation. Sperm metabolic status and antioxidant potential were recorded higher (p < .05), while lipid peroxidation was recorded lowest (p < .05) with 2.0 mM ascorbic acid compared with 1.0, 4.0 mM and control. In conclusion, ascorbic acid at 2.0 mM in red fowl extender improves quality, metabolic status and antioxidant potential of frozen Indian red jungle fowl semen through ameliorating lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Allah Rakha
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University of Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajjad Ansari
- Division of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sumiyyah Zuha
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University of Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Shamim Akhter
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University of Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Fernandes E, Raymundo A, Martins LL, Lordelo M, de Almeida AM. The Naked Neck Gene in the Domestic Chicken: A Genetic Strategy to Mitigate the Impact of Heat Stress in Poultry Production—A Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061007. [PMID: 36978548 PMCID: PMC10044606 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The poultry sector is one of the most important food industries in the world. Poultry production generates high-value protein products (meat and eggs) that are produced efficiently without the need for large areas. In poultry production, especially in the tropics, environmental factors, such as temperature and humidity, play a major role. Heat stress (HS) causes behavioral, physical, and physiological changes in poultry, with severe financial impacts. Therefore, it is important to find strategies to minimize it. The naked neck (Na) is an autosomal, incompletely dominant gene. Compared with normal feathered birds, these animals are known for their ability to adapt, perform, and reproduce under hot and humid climate conditions. Due to the absence of feathers on the neck, these animals increase heat dissipation, alleviating adverse heat effects, especially on productive performance. Genetic improvement of heat tolerance may provide a low-cost solution, of particular interest for developing countries in the tropics. The focus of this review is to evaluate the impact of HS in poultry with a special emphasis on the advantages of using the Na gene.
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8
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Mousstaaid A, Fatemi SA, Elliott KEC, Levy AW, Miller WW, Olanrewaju HA, Purswell JL, Gerard PD, Peebles ED. Effects of the In Ovo Administration of L-ascorbic Acid on the Performance and Incidence of Corneal Erosion in Ross 708 Broilers Subjected to Elevated Levels of Atmospheric Ammonia. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:399. [PMID: 36766288 PMCID: PMC9913871 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Effects of the in ovo injection of various levels of L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) on the performance and corneal erosion incidence in Ross 708 broilers exposed to 50 parts per million (ppm) of atmospheric ammonia (NH3) after hatch were determined. A total of 1440 Ross 708 broiler embryos were randomly assigned to 4 treatments: non-injected (control), 0.85% sterile saline-injected (control), or saline containing 12 or 25 mg of L-AA. At hatch, 12 male chicks were randomly assigned to each of 48 battery cages with 12 replicate cages randomly assigned to each treatment group. All birds were exposed to 50 ppm of NH3 for 35 d and the concentration of NH3 in the battery cage house was recorded every 20 s. Mortality was determined daily, and mean body weight (BW), BW gain (BWG), average daily BW gain (ADG), and feed intake, as well as feed conversion ratio (FCR), were determined weekly. From 0 to 35 d of post-hatch age (doa), six birds from each cage were selected and sampled for eye erosion scoring. Incidences of corneal erosion were significantly higher at 21 and 28 doa in comparison to those at 14 and 35 doa, and at 21 doa, birds in the saline-injected group exhibited a higher incidence of corneal erosion compared to all other treatment groups. The in ovo injection of 12 mg of L-AA increased BWG (p = 0.043) and ADG (p = 0.041), and decreased FCR (p = 0.043) from 0 to 28 doa in comparison to saline-injected controls. In conclusion the in ovo administration of 12 mg of L-AA may have the potential to improve the live performance of broilers chronically exposed to high aerial NH3 concentrations, but further study is needed to determine the physiological and immunological factors that may contribute to this improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Mousstaaid
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39759, USA
| | | | | | | | - William Wadd Miller
- Advanced Animal Eye Care, 3308 Old West Point Road, Starkville, MS 39759, USA
| | | | | | - Patrick D. Gerard
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Edgar David Peebles
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39759, USA
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Oladokun S, Adewole DI. Biomarkers of heat stress and mechanism of heat stress response in Avian species: Current insights and future perspectives from poultry science. J Therm Biol 2022; 110:103332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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De Grande A, Ducatelle R, Leleu S, Rapp C, Torres C, Petracci M, De Smet S, Michiels J, Haesebrouck F, Van Immerseel F, Delezie E. Effects of the dietary zinc source and vitamin E level on live weight and carcass yield and meat quality in male broilers reared under chronic cyclic heat stress conditions in the finisher phase. Front Physiol 2022; 13:992689. [PMID: 36277189 PMCID: PMC9584640 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.992689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the interaction of the zinc source (ZnSO4 vs. zinc amino acid complex) and vitamin E level (50 IU/kg vs. 100 IU/kg) on meat yield and quality in broilers subjected to chronic cyclic heat stress in the finisher phase. A total of 1224 one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly distributed among four dietary treatments. Each treatment contained nine replicates of 34 birds, housed in floor pens in a temperature- and lighting-controlled room. Treatments were organized in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: two sources of zinc, 60 mg/kg of Zn as ZnSO4 or 60 mg/kg of Zn as zinc amino acid complexes (ZnAA), combined with two levels of vitamin E (50 or 100 IU/kg). From day 28 until day 37 (finisher phase), all birds were subjected to chronic cyclic heat stress (32 ± 2°C for 6 h daily). In the present study, it was observed that replacing ZnSO4 with ZnAA increased breast meat weight and yield of broilers reared under chronic cyclic heat stress conditions, whereas total slaughter yield was not affected. Moreover, it was observed that replacing ZnSO4 with ZnAA resulted in breast meat with a lower drip and thawing loss and a higher marinade uptake. In conclusion, replacing ZnSO4 with more readily available ZnAA can improve breast meat yield and increase the water-holding capacity of breast meat of broilers exposed to chronic cyclic heat stress at the end of the production cycle. However, as no thermoneutral group was included in the present study, the observed effects of the zinc source cannot be generalized as a solution for heat stress. Moreover, the beneficial effects of ZnAA on breast meat yield and quality seem to be independent of the vitamin E level, and increasing vitamin E level has no additional beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annatachja De Grande
- Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Annatachja De Grande,
| | - Richard Ducatelle
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Saskia Leleu
- Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | | | - Massimiliano Petracci
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Stefaan De Smet
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris Michiels
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Immerseel
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Delezie
- Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
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Hasan MN, Chand N, Naz S, Khan RU, Ayaşan T, Laudadio V, Tufarelli V. Mitigating heat stress in broilers by dietary dried tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) pulp: Effect on growth and blood traits, oxidative status and immune response. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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12
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Mousstaaid A, Fatemi SA, Elliott KEC, Levy AW, Miller WW, Gerard PD, Alqhtani AH, Peebles ED. Effects of the In Ovo and Dietary Supplementation of L-Ascorbic Acid on the Growth Performance, Inflammatory Response, and Eye L-Ascorbic Acid Concentrations in Ross 708 Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2573. [PMID: 36230314 PMCID: PMC9559629 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of the dietary and in ovo administration of L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) on the performance, plasma nitric oxide, and eye L-AA concentrations of Ross 708 broilers were investigated. At 17 days of incubation, live embryonated hatching eggs were randomly assigned to a non-injected or sham-injected (100 μL of saline) control group, or a group injected with either 12 or 25 mg of L-AA suspended in 100 μL of saline. Chicks received a commercial diet with or without 200 mg/kg of supplemental L-AA and were randomly assigned to each of 6 replicate floor pens in each in ovo injection-dietary treatment combination. Weekly live performance variables through 14 days of post hatch age (doa) and the eye weights in both sexes at 0, 7, and 14 doa were determined. At 0 and 14 doa, plasma nitric oxide levels and eye L-AA concentrations of one bird of each sex in each pen were determined. Dietary supplemental L-AA decreased feed intake and growth between 0 and 7 doa, but from 8 to 14 doa; all birds fed supplemental L-AA had a lower feed conversion ratio. At 14 doa, male chicks had higher eye L-AA concentrations and lower plasma nitric oxide levels when treated in ovo with 12 mg of L-AA. In conclusion, dietary L-AA may be used to improve feed conversion in the second week of broiler post hatch growth. However, the in ovo administration of 12 mg of L-AA can increase male eye L-AA concentrations and is effective in reducing their general inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Mousstaaid
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | | | | | | | - William Wadd Miller
- Advanced Animal Eye Care, 3308 Old West Point Road, Starkville, MS 39759, USA
| | - Patrick D. Gerard
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | | | - Edgar David Peebles
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
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Pečjak M, Leskovec J, Levart A, Salobir J, Rezar V. Effects of Dietary Vitamin E, Vitamin C, Selenium and Their Combination on Carcass Characteristics, Oxidative Stability and Breast Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens Exposed to Cyclic Heat Stress. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12141789. [PMID: 35883336 PMCID: PMC9312137 DOI: 10.3390/ani12141789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary High ambient temperatures present challenging environmental factors in the poultry meat industry, causing heat stress. Heat stress impairs animal health and welfare, growth performance, and productivity, and deteriorates meat quality and its oxidative stability, resulting in economic losses. To mitigate the negative effects of heat stress, several nutritional strategies have been proposed, with vitamin and mineral supplementation being one of the most promising. Several studies reported that the addition of vitamins E and C, as well as selenium, to broiler diets improved the production performance and meat quality of broilers reared under heat stress. Due to the synergistic effects of these antioxidants against the oxidative damage to lipids, combined supplementation could be even more effective in alleviating the symptoms of heat stress on meat quality than supplementation alone, but this has not yet been studied. The results of the present study indicate positive effects of the supplementation with vitamin E on the oxidative stability of breast meat. However, no synergistic effects of the added antioxidants on the measured parameters were observed. Abstract The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with vitamin E, vitamin C, and Se, alone or in combination, on carcass characteristics, oxidative stability and meat quality parameters of breast meat from broilers exposed to cyclic heat stress (HS), and stored under different conditions. A total of 120 one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned to six dietary treatments: NRC (minimal nutrition requirements), AVI (commercial nutritional recommendations for Ross 308 broilers), AVI + vitE (as AVI + 200 IU vitamin E/kg feed), AVI + vitC (as AVI + 250 mg vitamin C/kg feed), AVI + Se (as AVI + 0.2 mg Se/kg feed), and AVI + ECSe (as AVI + vitE + vitC + Se). From day 26 onwards, all birds were exposed to a high ambient temperature (31 °C) for 8 h per day. The results showed that dietary vitamin E alone or in combination with vitamin C and Se significantly increased the α-tocopherol content and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in breast meat. Although no obvious synergistic effects of the added antioxidants were observed, the addition of higher levels of vitamin E, vitamin C and Se to broiler diets had no adverse effects on carcass traits, oxidative stability and meat quality parameters when supplemented either alone or in combination.
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Karageçili MR, Babacanoğlu E. Influence of in-ovo vitamin E and ascorbic acid injections on chick development, hatching performance and antioxidant content in different tissues of newly-hatched quail chicks. Br Poult Sci 2022; 63:840-846. [PMID: 35786116 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2022.2094221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the influence of in ovo (IO) vitamin E and ascorbic acid injections on hatching performance, chick development, and antioxidant content of different tissues in day-old quail chicks. The experiment compared a control group (C: non-injection group) and injection groups, which had the yolk sac injected with 3.75 mg α- tocopherol (T1), or had the amniotic sac injected with 0.9% saline solution (T2), 2.5 mg ascorbic acid containing 0.9% saline solution (T3), and 2.5 mg ascorbic acid solution (T4), respectively.Mean relative asymmetry (RA) of bilateral lengths increased in the T2, T3 and T4 groups, whereas it decreased in the T1 group compared to C. The highest total carotene content in the residual yolk sac (RYS) was seen for the T1 group, which was significantly higher compared to T2, T3, and T4 groups. The highest total carotene concentration in liver was in the T1 group.The concentrations of delta-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol and total vitamin E in RYS tissue were significantly higher in the T1 group than T2, T3, and T4 groups. Alpha-tocopherol and total vitamin E levels in the liver were significantly higher in the T2 and T4 groups than C.In ovo injections of vitamin E and ascorbic acid to different embryonic sacs caused antioxidant-specific effects on developmental stability of bilateral traits, RYS absorption, concentrations of total carotene and derivatives of vitamin E in newly-hatched quail chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E Babacanoğlu
- Department of Animal Science, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
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15
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Nakamura K, Katafuchi A, Shimamoto S, Ogawa G, Khandelwal N, Tatsugawa K, Fujita Y, Ohtsuka A, Ijiri D. Effects of a Dried Neem Leaf Extract on the Growth Performance, Meat Yield and Meat Quality in Skeletal Muscle of Broiler Chickens Under High-Temperature Conditions. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.914772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to examine the effects of cyclical high ambient temperature (HT) and dried Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract (DNE) supplementation on the growth performance, muscle lipid peroxidation level, and muscle drip loss of broiler chickens. Twenty-four 15-day old broiler chickens (Chunky strain ROSS 308) were divided into four treatment groups that were fed diets with or without 2.0% DNE under thermoneutral (25 ± 1°C) or cyclical HT (35 ± 1°C for 8 h/day) conditions. Supplementation of DNE did not affect the growth performance of the chicks, but HT reduced their feed intake, the weights of breast muscle and heart. In addition, supplementation with DNE ameliorated the negative effects of cyclical HT on feed intake and breast muscle mass. Furthermore, cyclical HT increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and drip loss over 48 h of storage of the breast muscle, and these effects were ameliorated by DNE. Collectively, we conclude that dietary supplementation with DNE reduces the muscle MDA concentration and drip loss of broiler chickens kept under HT conditions.
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Elbaz AM, Ahmed AMH, Abdel-Maqsoud A, Badran AMM, Abdel-Moneim AME. Potential ameliorative role of Spirulina platensis in powdered or extract forms against cyclic heat stress in broiler chickens. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:45578-45588. [PMID: 35149947 PMCID: PMC9209341 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19115-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Global warming has become intensified and widespread, threatening the world with causing acute heatwaves that adversely affect poultry production and producers' profitability. Spirulina platensis is a precious and promising mitigating strategy to combat the detrimental impacts of heat stress due to its high contents of nutrients and bioactive components. The current study was designed to compare the incorporation impact of S. platensis powder or aqueous extract on the growth and physiological responses of heat-stressed broiler chicks. Six hundred 1-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were allocated into five experimental groups with six replicates of 20 chicks each. The control group fed the basal diet without additives, SPP1 and SPP2 groups fed the basal diet with 1 g/kg and 2 g/kg S. platensis powder, respectively, while SPE1 and SPE2 groups received 1 ml/L and 2 ml/L S. platensis aqueous extract in the drinking water, respectively. All birds were exposed to cyclic heat stress (34 ± 2 °C for 12 h) for three successive days a week from day 10 to day 35. In vitro analysis showed that total phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of S. platensis were remarkably decreased (P < 0.001) in the aqueous extract compared to the powder form. Body weight, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were improved (P < 0.001) in all treated groups, while carcass yield and dressing percentage were increased only in SPP1 and SPP2. Feed and water intake and blood biochemical parameters were not affected. Both forms of S. platensis enhanced the lipid profile, redox status, and humoral immune response of heat-stressed chicks superior to the powder form. Conclusively, the powder form of S. platensis was more effective in enhancing the productivity of broilers and alleviating the negative impacts of heat stress than the aqueous extract form.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayman M H Ahmed
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Aml M M Badran
- Poultry Breeding Department, Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Astaxanthin as a Potential Antioxidant to Improve Health and Production Performance of Broiler Chicken. Vet Med Int 2022; 2022:4919442. [PMID: 35465402 PMCID: PMC9023177 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4919442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent interest in carotenoids has increased due to their antioxidant and production performance. Astaxanthin (AST) is a xanthophyll carotenoid abundantly distributed in microalgae, which is described as a highly potent antioxidant. Therefore, recent studies have tended to investigate the role of antioxidants in improving metabolic processes and physiological functioning of the body. It is now evident that AST could significantly reduce free radicals and oxidative stress and help to maintain a healthy state. Moreover, AST also could improve the performance of broiler chicken by increasing the daily feed intake, followed by improvement in the food conversion rate.
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Abdel-Moneim AME, Shehata AM, Mohamed NG, Elbaz AM, Ibrahim NS. Synergistic effect of Spirulina platensis and selenium nanoparticles on growth performance, serum metabolites, immune responses, and antioxidant capacity of heat-stressed broiler chickens. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:768-779. [PMID: 33674946 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02662-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of dietary Spirulina platensis (SP) at levels of 0, 5, and 10 g.kg-1 and selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) at 0, 0.1, and 0.2 mg.kg-1, individually and in combination, on heat-stressed broiler chickens for 5 weeks. Four hundred fifty one-day-old Ross-308 chicks were allocated to 9 dietary groups with 5 replicates (10 chicks each). The control diet was consisted of corn-soybean-based basal diet. The obtained results displayed a significant increase in final body weight (p = 0.005) and weight gain during the periods from 22 to 35 days (p = 0.002) and 1 to 35 days (p = 0.005) in birds fed supplemented diets compared to those fed control diet, with the highest being in birds fed with both 10 g SP and 0.1 mg SeNPs. Feed conversion ratio was also improved in birds fed supplemented compared to control group. Dietary supplements significantly improved carcass dressing (p < 0.001), carcass yield (p = 0.001) percentages, and blood lipid profile. Blood triiodothyronine was higher (p = 0.005) with all treated diets except that contain 5 g SP compared to the control, with the highest being in birds fed diet contains 5 g SP + 0.2 mg SeNPs. Immunoglobulin subclasses IgG, IgM, and IgA were higher in birds fed supplemented diets compared to the control group. Antibody titers to Newcastle disease, avian influenza, and infectious bursal disease were numerically increased with dietary supplementation compared to the control group. Dietary treatments increased (p < 0.001) glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, except diet contains 5 g SP for SOD level and decreased (p < 0.001) malondialdehyde level. It is concluded that dietary inclusion of SP and SeNPs, particularly their combination at levels 5 g SP plus 0.2 mg SeNPs kg-1 and 10 g SP plus 0.1 mg SeNPs kg-1, improved growth performance, carcass yield, immunity, and antioxidant capacity of heat-stressed broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Moneim Eid Abdel-Moneim
- Biological Applications Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Abu-Zaabal, 13759, Egypt.
| | - Abdelrazeq M Shehata
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt
- Department of Dairy Science & Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Noureldeen G Mohamed
- Biological Applications Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Abu-Zaabal, 13759, Egypt
| | | | - Nashaat S Ibrahim
- Biological Applications Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Abu-Zaabal, 13759, Egypt
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Mirsaiidi Farahani M, Hosseinian SA. Effects of dietary stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) on hormone stress and selected serum biochemical parameters of broilers subjected to chronic heat stress. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:660-667. [PMID: 35023316 PMCID: PMC8959287 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heat stress is one of the most critical problems confronting the poultry industry. Stinging nettle (SN) is a medicinal plant with potent antioxidant properties. Objective The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary SN at two different levels (2 and 4%) on the serum levels of cortisol and some selected parameters of broilers exposed to chronic heat stress. Methods A total of 240 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to six dietary groups as follows: (1) control: fed the basal diet; (2) HS: heat‐stressed broiler fed the basal diet; (3) HS‐SN2: heat‐stressed broiler fed 2% dietary SN; (4) HS‐SN4: heat‐stressed broilers fed 4% SN; (5) SN2: no heat‐stressed broilers fed the basal diet supplemented with 2% SN; (6) SN4: no heat‐stressed broilers fed the basal diet supplemented with 4% SN. Diet supplementation with SN was performed from days 14 to 35 and chronic heat stress was induced from days 22 to 29. The serum parameters were evaluated on days 14, 21, 29 and 35. Results HS had higher serum levels of cortisol, total cholesterol (TC), aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and creatine kinase (CK) compared to the other treatments. HS‐SN4 had significantly lower cortisol, TC, alanine aminotransferase and CK compared to HS and HS‐SN2. Conclusions The inclusion of 4% SN powder in the broilers’ diet alleviated the negative effects of heat stress by decreasing cortisol, TC and tissue damage indices. It seems that dietary SN could be used as a feed additive in the poultry diet for improving the health status and defence mechanisms of the birds under stressful conditions.
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Downing JA. Nutritional strategies to support performance of commercial Pekin ducks exposed to a high-temperature thermal challenge over 29–41 days of age. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/an21337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Nematollahi F, Shomali T, Abdi-Hachesoo B, Khodakaram-Tafti A. Effect of prophylactic vitamin C administration on the efficiency of florfenicol or sulfadiazine-trimethoprim antimicrobial therapy in chickens with staphylococcal arthritis. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 54:25. [PMID: 34957533 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-03033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Septic arthritis (SA) in chickens shows improper response to antibacterial therapy. This study evaluates the effect of prophylactic vitamin C administration on the efficiency of sulfadiazine-trimethoprim (SDT) or florfenicol (FF) in broilers with experimental SA. Broilers (210) were randomly allocated into 7 equal groups: (I) negative control (NC) (normal birds); (II) positive control (PC) arthritic birds by injection of Staphylococcus aureus in tibiotarsal joint at the age of 35 days; (III) vehicle control (injected with sterile medium); (IV) arthritic FF-treated (20 mg/kg/day); (V) arthritic vitamin C + FF-treated (as above + vitamin C at 15 g/100L of D.W. from day 25 of age); (VI) arthritic SDT-treated (35 mg/kg/day); (VII) arthritic vitamin C + SDT-treated. Antibacterial therapy started at day 39 of age and lasted for 5 days. Samplings were performed at the age of 44 and 54 days. A long lasting SA with severe fibrinoheterophilic synovitis and reduced body weights developed in PC broilers as compared to NC group (p < 0.05). Oxidative stress was present at sampling 1. Arthritis was not reflected in IL-6 levels of synovial fluid of PC group. None of the antibacterials resulted in completely successful treatment. Vitamin C did not appreciably improve lameness and arthritis scores, although it decreased lipid peroxidation and improved weights of FF treated-arthritic birds. For SDT-treated birds, vitamin C only ameliorated histopathological changes. In conclusion, except for improving body weight in FF-treated birds, prophylactic administration of vitamin C is not associated with improvements in clinical outcome of antimicrobial therapy of broilers with SA, although it ameliorates oxidative stress and some histopathological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Nematollahi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tahoora Shomali
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, PO Box 71441-69155, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Bahman Abdi-Hachesoo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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The importance of nutrition in alleviating high stocking density stress in poultry. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2021-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In recent decades, the number of birds reared per unit area has dramatically spiked to increase profitability in egg and meat production. However, nowadays, the increase in sensitivity to animal welfare and consumer demands brings along with it a raised interest in stocking density. Stocking density is defined either as the number of animals or body weight per unit area or as the area per animal. High stocking density, which is a stress factor, can be defined as an increase in the number of animals per unit area or a decrease in the area per animal. Stress caused by high stocking density negatively affects the bird’s physiology and performance as well as the quality of the product obtained. The ideal stocking density should be 9 laying hens, 35 kilogrammes for broilers, and 45 quails per square metre. Otherwise, one will observe stress indicators in birds reared in more than the recommended stocking density per unit area and, consequently, a decrease in bird growth, egg production, feed efficiency, and egg or meat quality. Apart from increasing the concentrations of amino acids such as lysine, methionine, tryptophan and arginine, minerals such as selenium and chromium, and vitamins such as C and E in the diet, the addition of additives such as probiotics, humates, phytophenol compounds, and propolis is also effective in reducing or eliminating these negative effects caused by high stocking density. As a result, regulations in the nutrition of animals are effective in reducing/preventing such negative effects, thus improving animal welfare and ensuring the maintenance of optimum yield.
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Akinyemi F, Adewole D. Environmental Stress in Chickens and the Potential Effectiveness of Dietary Vitamin Supplementation. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2021.775311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental stressors can promote the vulnerability of animals to infections; it is therefore, essential to understand how stressors affect the immune system, the adaptive capacity of animals to respond, and effective techniques in managing stress. This review highlights scientific evidence regarding environmental stress challenge models and the potential effectiveness of vitamin supplementation. The major environmental stressors discussed are heat and cold stress, feed restriction, stocking density, and pollutants. Much work has been done to identify the effects of environmental stress in broilers and layers, while few involved other types of poultry. Studies indicated that chickens' performance, health, and welfare are compromised when challenged with environmental stress. These stressors result in physiological alterations, behavioral changes, decreased egg and meat quality, tissue and intestinal damage, and high mortalities. The application of vitamins with other nutritional approaches can help in combating these environmental stressors in chickens. Poultry birds do not synthesize sufficient vitamins during stressful periods. It is therefore suggested that chicken diets are supplemented with vitamins when subjected to environmental stress. Combination of vitamins are considered more efficient than the use of individual vitamins in alleviating environmental stress in chickens.
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Feeding nano particles of vitamin C and zinc oxide: Effect on growth performance, immune response, intestinal morphology and blood constituents in heat stressed broiler chickens. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hosseinian S, Ansari S. Prophylactic effects of dietary ascorbic acid on oxidative stress indices, physiological and behavioural responses of domestic pigeons exposed to road transport stress. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:2389-2398. [PMID: 34797959 PMCID: PMC8604146 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transport disturbs birds' welfare and health status which lead to oxidative stress and dietary ascorbic acid mitigates the adverse effects of transport stress. The present study was aimed to evaluate the impacts of ascorbic acid administration on oxidative stress indices, cortisol, H/L ratio, tonic immobility reaction and rectal temperature of pigeons exposed to road transport. A total of 80 clinically healthy pigeons were selected and randomly divided to eight equal groups as follow: (1) Ctrl- : fed by basal diet and no subjected to transport stress; (2) Ctrl+: fed by the basal diet and subjected to transport stress; (3, 4) 1DBS10 and 1DBS16: received ascorbic acid from 1 day before transport stress at doses of 10 g/100 L and 16 g/100 L of drinking water, respectively; (5, 6) 3DBS10 and 3DBS16: treated with ascorbic acid from 3 consecutive days before transport stress at doses of 10 g/100 L and 16 g/100 L, respectively and (7, 8) 7DBS10 and 7DBS16: received ascorbic acid from 7 consecutive days before the transport at doses 10 g/100 L and 16 g/100 L, respectively. Birds were transported for 3 h over a distance of about 200 km. The total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde and cortisol were measured before transport and at 6, 24 and 72 h post-transportation. The rectal temperature and tunic immobility reactions were recorded. Dietary ascorbic acid led to a decrease in tonic immobility response, hetrophil to lymphocyte ratio, circulating cortisol and total antioxidant capacity, and an increase in circulating malondialdehyde in pigeons exposed to transport stress compare to Ctrl+ group. In conclusion, ascorbic acid administration at dose 16 g/100 L of drinking water from 3 and 7 days before exposure to stress helps attenuate undesirable effects of oxidative stress in pigeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.A. Hosseinian
- Department of Clinical Science, School of Veterinary MedicineShiraz UniversityShirazIran
| | - S. Ansari
- Department of Clinical Science, School of Veterinary MedicineShiraz UniversityShirazIran
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Hosseini-Vashan SJ, Piray AH. Effect of dietary saffron (Crocus sativus) petal extract on growth performance, blood biochemical indices, antioxidant balance, and immune responses of broiler chickens reared under heat stress conditions. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1921628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Hossein Piray
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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Ayo JO, Ogbuagu NE, Toluhi CA, Abdullahi US, Ramon-Yusuf SB. Diurnal and seasonal fluctuations in cloacal temperature in helmeted guinea-fowl (Numida meleagris) and the effect of ascorbic acid. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2021.1972261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Olusegun Ayo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Ngozi Ejum Ogbuagu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Charles Ayokanmi Toluhi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Khan RU, Naz S, Ullah H, Ullah Q, Laudadio V, Qudratullah, Bozzo G, Tufarelli V. Physiological dynamics in broiler chickens under heat stress and possible mitigation strategies. Anim Biotechnol 2021; 34:438-447. [PMID: 34473603 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1972005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
High ambient temperature has emerged as a major constraint for the future development of the poultry industry, especially in the tropics and subtropics. The scarcity of resources coupled with harsh environmental conditions is the most crucial predicaments in the way to rationalize optimum production of broiler. Heat stress disturbs the physiological biochemistry of the broiler which ultimately reduces feed intake and feed efficiency which ultimately results in reduced performance and productivity. Under hot environmental conditions, feed utilization is disturbed by the deposition of fat and oxidative stress. In addition, changes in blood cells, acid-base balance, immune response, liver health, and antioxidant status are some of the major dynamics altered by heat stress. The broilers have a narrow range of temperatures to withstand heat stress. In this review, we have discussed the various physicochemical changes during heat stress, their possible mechanisms, and mitigation strategies to reduce heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifat Ullah Khan
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shabana Naz
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Ullah
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Qudrat Ullah
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Vito Laudadio
- Department of DETO, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Qudratullah
- Department of Surgery and Pet Centre, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Giancarlo Bozzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Department of DETO, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Valenzano, Bari, Italy
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Yu DG, Namgung N, Kim JH, Won SY, Choi WJ, Kil DY. Effects of stocking density and dietary vitamin C on performance, meat quality, intestinal permeability, and stress indicators in broiler chickens. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:815-826. [PMID: 34447958 PMCID: PMC8367407 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of stocking density (SD) and dietary supplementation of vitamin C on growth performance, meat quality, intestinal permeability, and stress indicators in broiler chickens. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of 2 different SD and 2 supplemental levels of dietary vitamin C. A total of 1,368 Ross 308 broiler chickens of 21 days of age with similar body weights (BW) were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 treatments with 6 replicates each. Different numbers of birds per identical floor pen (2.0 m × 2.4 m) were used to create 2 different SD levels of low SD (9 birds/m2) and high SD (18 birds/m2). The basal diet was formulated with no supplemental vitamin C to meet or exceed nutrient recommendations of the Ross 308 manual. The other diet was prepared by supplementing 200 mg/kg vitamin C in the basal diet. The study lasted for 14 days. At the end of the study, 3 male birds per replicate were selected to analyze meat quality, intestinal permeability, and stress indicators such as blood heterophil:lymphocyte (H:L) and feather corticosterone (CORT) concentrations. Results indicated that there were no interactions between different SD and dietary supplementation of vitamin C for all measurements. For the main effects of SD, birds raised at high SD had less (p < 0.01) BW, BW gain, and feed intake with increasing stress responses including greater blood H:L and feather CORT concentrations (p < 0.01) than those raised at low SD. Transepithelial electrical resistance in the jejunal mucosa was decreased (p < 0.05) at high SD, indicating an increase in intestinal permeability. However, the main effects of dietary supplementation of 200 mg/kg vitamin C were insignificant for all measurements. In conclusion, high SD of broiler chickens impairs growth performance and intestinal barrier function with increasing stress responses. However, dietary supplementation of vitamin C may have little beneficial effects on broiler chickens raised at the high SD condition used in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gwon Yu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Nyun Namgung
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Jong Hyuk Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Won
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Won Jun Choi
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Dong Yong Kil
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
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Fouda SF, Khattab AAA, El Basuini MFM, El-Ratel IT. Impacts of different antioxidants sources on semen quality and sperm fertilizing ability of Muscovy ducks under high ambient temperature. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:1060-1071. [PMID: 34363248 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The potentiality of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), D-Aspartic acids (D-Asp), Maca or vitamin C, as antioxidant agents, to reduce negative impacts of high ambient temperature on semen quality, oxidative capacity and fertility of Muscovy ducks was investigated. Seventy-five Muscovy males (34-wk of age) were distributed randomly into five experimental groups of fifteen ducks each. The first group was fed a basal diet without supplementation and served as a control. The other four groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 400 mg CoQ10, 400 mg D-Asp, 500 mg Maca and 200 mg vitamin C (ascorbic acid) per kg diet for 17 consecutive weeks under high ambient temperature conditions. The dietary inclusion of antioxidants significantly maintains better semen variables and a higher fertility rate either for fresh or preserved semen. Among the tested antioxidants, the Maca group showed the best status and outperformed the others in terms of motility, viability, sperm cell concentration, intact acrosome and membrane integrity percentages, total proteins, total antioxidants capacity, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), testosterone, and the fertility rate for the fresh semen, as well as, forward motility, SOD and MDA for the preserved semen. The CoQ10 showed similar results to Maca in some measurements. Conversely, the basal diet had the poorest performance in all examined variables. The dietary incorporation of antioxidants (Maca or CoQ10) enhances fresh and preserved semen quantity and quality, as well as the fertility rate of Muscovy males under high ambient temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara F Fouda
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A A Khattab
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohammed F M El Basuini
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.,Faculty of Desert Agriculture, King Salman International University, South Sinai, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim T El-Ratel
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
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Dietary ascorbic acid and betaine improve stress responses, testosterone levels and some sexual traits in male Japanese quails during the dry season. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/exp.2021.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The experiment investigated the effects of dietary ascorbic acid and betaine stress responses, serum testosterone levels, and some sexual traits in male Japanese quails during the dry season. A total of 240 male Japanese quails (14 days old) were used and randomly assigned to four groups, each group has three replicates (n = 20). Birds in treatment groups were fed ascorbic acid (AA); betaine (BET); and AA + BET in their diets, whereas the control birds were fed only basal diet. Environmental conditions were predominantly outside thermoneutral zone for Japanese quails. Dietary AA ± BET increased (p < .05) serum catalase, reduced glutathione and testosterone, but lowered (p < .05) cortisol levels when compared with control group. Supplemental AA, BET, or AA + BET enhanced (p < .05) cloacal gland size and sexual traits. In conclusion, dietary AA and BET improved stress responses, serum testosterone levels, and some sexual traits in male Japanese quails during the dry season.
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Nawaz AH, Amoah K, Leng QY, Zheng JH, Zhang WL, Zhang L. Poultry Response to Heat Stress: Its Physiological, Metabolic, and Genetic Implications on Meat Production and Quality Including Strategies to Improve Broiler Production in a Warming World. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:699081. [PMID: 34368284 PMCID: PMC8342923 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.699081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuous increase in poultry production over the last decades to meet the high growing demand and provide food security has attracted much concern due to the recent negative impacts of the most challenging environmental stressor, heat stress (HS), on birds. The poultry industry has responded by adopting different environmental strategies such as the use of environmentally controlled sheds and modern ventilation systems. However, such strategies are not long-term solutions and it cost so much for farmers to practice. The detrimental effects of HS include the reduction in growth, deterioration of meat quality as it reduces water-holding capacity, pH and increases drip loss in meat consequently changing the normal color, taste and texture of chicken meat. HS causes poor meat quality by impairing protein synthesis and augmenting undesirable fat in meat. Studies previously conducted show that HS negatively affects the skeletal muscle growth and development by changing its effects on myogenic regulatory factors, insulin growth factor-1, and heat-shock proteins. The focus of this article is in 3-fold: (1) to identify the mechanism of heat stress that causes meat production and quality loss in chicken; (2) to discuss the physiological, metabolic and genetic changes triggered by HS causing setback to the world poultry industry; (3) to identify the research gaps to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Nawaz
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Kwaku Amoah
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qi Y Leng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jia H Zheng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wei L Zhang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
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Shah M, Zaneb H, Masood S, Khan RU, Mobashar M, Khan I, Din S, Khan MS, Rehman HU, Tinelli A. Single or Combined Applications of Zinc and Multi-strain Probiotic on Intestinal Histomorphology of Broilers Under Cyclic Heat Stress. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:473-480. [PMID: 31154611 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Two-hundred-eighty-day-old broiler chicks were divided into seven groups. The groups were designated as T1, thermoneutral zone; T2, heat stressed (HS); T3, HS + zinc (Zn) supplementation (30 mg/kg); T4, HS + Zn (60 mg/kg); T5, HS + probiotic (0.1 g/kg); T6, HS + probiotic (0.1 g/kg) + Zn (30 mg/kg); and T7, HS + Zn (60 mg/kg) + probiotic (0.1 g/kg). Significant decrease (p < 0.05) was observed in villus height (VH), VH to crypt depth ratio, and villus surface area of all intestinal segments in the T2 group when compared with the T1 group. The same parameters had significantly higher (p < 0.05) values in the jejunum and ileum of the Zn- and probiotic-supplemented groups (alone + combination) when compared with the T2 group. The birds exposed to HS showed fewer (p < 0.05) intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) in the jejunum and ileum than the T1 group, while their count increased in the jejunum and ileum with dietary treatments. In conclusion, Zn and probiotic positively modulated the intestinal microstructures of broilers kept under high environmental temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muqader Shah
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Hafsa Zaneb
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Biosciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saima Masood
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Biosciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rifat Ullah Khan
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mobashar
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Imad Khan
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Biosciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Salahud Din
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Biosciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shoaib Khan
- Department of Bio-Sciences, Gomal College of Veterinary Sciences, Gomal University, D. I. Khan, Pakistan
| | - Habib Ur Rehman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biosciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Antonella Tinelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, BA, Italy
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Hafeez A, Akram W, Sultan A, Konca Y, Ayasan T, Naz S, Shahzada W, Khan RU. Effect of dietary inclusion of taurine on performance, carcass characteristics and muscle micro-measurements in broilers under cyclic heat stress. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1921627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hafeez
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Akram
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Asad Sultan
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Yusuf Konca
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Tugay Ayasan
- Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Kadirli Academy of Applied Sciences, Osmaniye, Turkey
| | - Shabana Naz
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Walikhan Shahzada
- Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock (MAIL), Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Rifat Ullah Khan
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Delos Reyes JB, Kim JH, Han GP, Won SY, Kil DY. Effects of dietary supplementation of vitamin C on productive performance, egg quality, tibia characteristics and antioxidant status of laying hens. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism in Poultry during and after Heat Stress: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041167. [PMID: 33921616 PMCID: PMC8074156 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review examined the influence of environmental heat stress, a concern facing modern broiler producers, on protein metabolism and broiler performance, as well as the physiological mechanisms that activate and control or minimize the detrimental impacts of stress. In addition, available scientific papers that focused on amino acids (AA) digestibility under stress conditions were analyzed. Furthermore, AA supplementation, a good strategy to enhance broiler thermotolerance, amelioration, or stress control, by keeping stress at optimal levels rather than its elimination, plays an important role in the success of poultry breeding. Poultry maintain homeothermy, and their response to heat stress is mainly due to elevated ambient temperature and the failure of effective heat loss, which causes a considerable negative economic impact on the poultry industry worldwide. Reduced feed intake, typically observed during heat stress, was the primary driver for meat production loss. However, accumulating evidence indicates that heat stress influences poultry metabolism and endocrine profiles independently of reduced feed intake. In conclusion, high ambient temperatures significantly reduced dietary AA intake, which in turn reduced protein deposition and growth in broilers. Further studies are required to determine the quantity of the AA needed in warm and hot climates and to introduce genetic tools for animal breeding associated with the heat stress in chickens.
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Kpomasse CC, Oke OE, Houndonougbo FM, Tona K. Broiler production challenges in the tropics: A review. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:831-842. [PMID: 33559980 PMCID: PMC8136938 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Under tropical climate, broiler production is encumbered by several constraints which make it difficult for them to attain their genetic potential. The scarcity and high price of poultry feed and veterinary services and the harsh environmental conditions with respect to thermal stress are some of the challenges that hinder optimal growth of the birds. Limited availability of feedstuffs, including crucial feed ingredients like maize and oil seedcakes, is an important challenge to the sector, since feed still represents a major cost of producing broiler chickens. Additionally, the problem of climate change, which has become a global concern, is the main problem in broiler production under hot and humid climate. Under high ambient temperature, feed intake decreases, carbohydrates metabolism and protein synthesis efficiency are disturbed. Lipid utilization is lower and glucose or insulin homeostasis is altered while fat deposition and oxidative stress increases. Several strategies are used to ameliorate the effect of heat stress in poultry. The objective of this review was to summarize the challenge in broiler production under hot and humid climate and different approaches to fight heat stress in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cocou Claude Kpomasse
- Regional Center of Excellence on Poultry Sciences (CERSA), University of Lome, Lome, Togo
| | - Oyegunle Emmanuel Oke
- Regional Center of Excellence on Poultry Sciences (CERSA), University of Lome, Lome, Togo.,Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | | | - Kokou Tona
- Regional Center of Excellence on Poultry Sciences (CERSA), University of Lome, Lome, Togo
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Amer SA, Mohamed WAM, Gharib HSA, Al-Gabri NA, Gouda A, Elabbasy MT, Abd El-Rahman GI, Omar AE. Changes in the growth, ileal digestibility, intestinal histology, behavior, fatty acid composition of the breast muscles, and blood biochemical parameters of broiler chickens by dietary inclusion of safflower oil and vitamin C. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:68. [PMID: 33541348 PMCID: PMC7863266 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02773-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of safflower oil and vitamin C (Vit. C) inclusion in broiler chicken diets on the growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility coefficient "AID%" of amino acids, intestinal histology, behavior, carcass traits, fatty acid composition of the breast muscle, antioxidant and immune status for a 35-day feeding period were evaluated. A total of 300 three-day-old Ross chicks (58.25 g ± 0.19) were randomly allotted in a 2 × 3 factorial design consisting of two levels of vitamin C (0 and 400 mg/kg diet) and three levels of safflower oil (0, 5, and 10 g/kg diet). RESULTS An increase in the final body weight, total body weight gain, total feed intake, and the relative growth rate (P < 0.05) were reported by safflower oil and vitamin C inclusion. Dietary supplementation of safflower oil and vitamin C had a positive effect (P < 0.05) on the ingestive, resting, and feather preening behavior. Vitamin C supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the AID% of lysine, threonine, tryptophan, arginine, and valine. Safflower inclusion (10 g/kg) increased (P < 0.05) the AID% of methionine and isoleucine. Safflower oil inclusion increased (P < 0.05) the levels of stearic acid, linoleic acid, saturated fatty acids, and omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3) in the breast muscle. In contrast, the supplementation of only 10 g of safflower oil/kg diet increased (P = 0.01) the omega-3/omega-6 (ω-3/ω-6) fatty acids ratio. Vit. C supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the CAT serum levels, SOD, and GSH enzymes. Dietary supplementation of safflower oil and vitamin C improved the intestinal histology. They increased the villous height and width, crypt depth, villous height/crypt depth ratio, mucosal thickness, goblet cell count, and intra-epithelium lymphocytic lick cell infiltrations. The serum levels of IgA and complement C3 were increased (P < 0.01) by Vit. C supplementation and prominent in the 400 vit. C + 10 safflower Oil group. CONCLUSION A dietary combination of safflower oil and vitamin C resulted in improved growth rate, amino acids AID%, intestinal histology, welfare, immune and antioxidant status of birds, and obtaining ω-3 and linoleic acid-enriched breast muscles. The best inclusion level was 400 vit. C + 10 safflower Oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa A Amer
- Department of Nutrition & Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Wafaa A M Mohamed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Heba S A Gharib
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Naif A Al-Gabri
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Thamar University, Dahamar, Yemen
| | - Ahmed Gouda
- Department of Animal Production, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Tharwat Elabbasy
- College of Public Health and Molecular Diagnostics and Personalized Therapeutics Center (CMDPT) Hail University, Hail, 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Ghada I Abd El-Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Anaam E Omar
- Department of Nutrition & Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
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Khazaei R, Requena F, Seidavi A, Martínez AL. Vitamins E and C Supplementation in Japanese Quail: Effects on Growth Performance and Biochemical and Haematological Parameters. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Emami NK, Jung U, Voy B, Dridi S. Radical Response: Effects of Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress on Lipid Metabolism in the Avian Liver. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 10:antiox10010035. [PMID: 33396952 PMCID: PMC7823512 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism in avian species places unique demands on the liver in comparison to most mammals. The avian liver synthesizes the vast majority of fatty acids that provide energy and support cell membrane synthesis throughout the bird. Egg production intensifies demands to the liver as hepatic lipids are needed to create the yolk. The enzymatic reactions that underlie de novo lipogenesis are energetically demanding and require a precise balance of vitamins and cofactors to proceed efficiently. External stressors such as overnutrition or nutrient deficiency can disrupt this balance and compromise the liver’s ability to support metabolic needs. Heat stress is an increasingly prevalent environmental factor that impairs lipid metabolism in the avian liver. The effects of heat stress-induced oxidative stress on hepatic lipid metabolism are of particular concern in modern commercial chickens due to the threat to global poultry production. Chickens are highly vulnerable to heat stress because of their limited capacity to dissipate heat, high metabolic activity, high internal body temperature, and narrow zone of thermal tolerance. Modern lines of both broiler (meat-type) and layer (egg-type) chickens are especially sensitive to heat stress because of the high rates of mitochondrial metabolism. While this oxidative metabolism supports growth and egg production, it also yields oxidative stress that can damage mitochondria, cellular membranes and proteins, making the birds more vulnerable to other stressors in the environment. Studies to date indicate that oxidative and heat stress interact to disrupt hepatic lipid metabolism and compromise performance and well-being in both broilers and layers. The purpose of this review is to summarize the impact of heat stress-induced oxidative stress on lipid metabolism in the avian liver. Recent advances that shed light on molecular mechanisms and potential nutritional/managerial strategies to counteract the negative effects of heat stress-induced oxidative stress to the avian liver are also integrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima K. Emami
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Usuk Jung
- College of Arts & Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (U.J.); (B.V.)
| | - Brynn Voy
- College of Arts & Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (U.J.); (B.V.)
| | - Sami Dridi
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Egbuniwe IC, Uchendu CN, Obidike IR. Effects of betaine and ascorbic acid supplementation on serum gonadotropin, testicular histological analysis and sperm quality in male Japanese quails during the dry season. Theriogenology 2020; 158:391-405. [PMID: 33038825 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated the effects of betaine and ascorbic acid supplementation on serum gonadotropin, testicular histological features and sperm quality in male Japanese quails reared during the dry season. Two hundred and forty 14 day-old male Japanese quails, obtained commercially and housed in cages, were assigned randomly to four dietary treatments for 56 days. Each treatment comprised of 3 replicates (20 birds per replicate). Birds in Control group were fed only basal diet, while those in AA group consumed supplemental ascorbic acid at (200 mg/kg); BET group, betaine (2 g/kg) and AA + BET, a combination of AA (200 mg/kg) and betaine (2 g/kg) in diets. Feeds and water were offered to all birds ad libitum. The prevailing environmental conditions during the study predominantly exceeded the zone of thermal comfort for Japanese quails with DBT ranging from 25.0 to 37.0 °C; RH, 48.0-92.0% and THI, 69.8-91.0. At 28, 49 and 70 day-old, serum concentrations of malondialdhyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), gonadotropins [luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormones (FSH)] and testicular histological analyses were evaluated. Sperm quality was assessed in 70 day - old quails as sperm motility (SM), vitality (SV), total abnormalities (STA) and reserve (SR). Supplemental AA + BET decreased (P < 0.05) MDA, but improved (P < 0.05) SOD in 28, 49 and 70 day-old quails. Serum LH and FSH activities were enhanced (P < 0.05) in birds fed AA ± BET diets, but those which consumed BET or AA + BET showed enhanced (P < 0.05) testicular histological architecture and spermatogenic activities. Birds fed AA ± BET showed improved SM, SV and SR (P < 0.05), but lower STA in 70 days old male quails. It is concluded that supplementation of betaine and ascorbic acid enhances male reproductive potentials in Japanese quails during the dry season.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chukwuka Nwocha Uchendu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Zeitz JO, Fleischmann A, Ehbrecht T, Most E, Friedrichs S, Whelan R, Gessner DK, Failing K, Lütjohann D, Eder K. Effects of supplementation of DL-methionine on tissue and plasma antioxidant status during heat-induced oxidative stress in broilers. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6837-6847. [PMID: 33248599 PMCID: PMC7704969 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to high ambient temperature has been shown to impair growth performance and to cause oxidative stress in broilers. This study investigated the hypothesis that supplementation with methionine (Met) as DL-Met (DLM) more than the National Research Council recommendations improves growth performance and alleviates oxidative stress in broilers exposed to high ambient temperature. One-day-old male Cobb-500 broilers (n = 68) were allotted to 4 groups and phase-fed 3 basal diets during days 1 to 10, 11 to 21, and 22 to 35. One group was kept under thermoneutral temperature conditions and received the basal diets with Met + cysteine (Cys) concentrations according to recommendations of NRC. The other 3 groups were kept in a room with an increased ambient temperature from week 3 to 5 and were fed either the basal diet or the basal diets supplemented with 2 levels of DLM in which Met + Cys concentrations exceeded NRC recommendations by around 20% (group DLM1) and 40% (group DLM2), respectively. As expected, the broilers exposed to high ambient temperature showed a lower feed intake, lower body weight gains, a higher feed:gain ratio, and biochemical indications of oxidative stress in comparison to broilers kept under thermoneutral temperature conditions. Supplementation of DLM did not improve the growth performance in broilers exposed to high ambient temperature. However, the broilers supplemented with DLM had increased concentrations of glutathione in liver and breast muscle (groups DLM1 and DLM2), increased concentrations of tocopherols in the liver (group DLM2), and reduced concentrations of 7α-hydroxycholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol in heat-processed thigh muscle (groups DLM1 and DLM2) in comparison to the control group exposed to high ambient temperature. Concentrations of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and vitamin C in plasma, liver, and muscle were not different between the 3 groups exposed to heat stress. Nevertheless, the study shows that supplementation of DLM in slight excess of the Met concentration required for maximum growth performance improved the antioxidant status in tissues and reduced the susceptibility of muscle toward oxidation in heat-stressed broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna O Zeitz
- University of Giessen, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anne Fleischmann
- University of Giessen, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tamara Ehbrecht
- University of Giessen, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Erika Most
- University of Giessen, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Silvia Friedrichs
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rose Whelan
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - Denise K Gessner
- University of Giessen, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Klaus Failing
- Unit of Biomathematics and Data Processing, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Eder
- University of Giessen, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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Hafez HM, Attia YA. Challenges to the Poultry Industry: Current Perspectives and Strategic Future After the COVID-19 Outbreak. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:516. [PMID: 33005639 PMCID: PMC7479178 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry immunity, health, and production are several factors that challenge the future growth of the poultry industry. Consumer confidence, product quality and safety, types of products, and the emergence and re-emergence of diseases will continue to be major challenges to the current situation and the strategic future of the industry. Foodborne and zoonotic diseases are strictly linked with poultry. Eradication, elimination, and/or control of foodborne and zoonotic pathogens present a major challenge to the poultry industry. In addition, the public health hazards from consuming foods with high antibiotic residues will remain a critical issue. The theory of poultry production described in this review will not be limited to considering disease control. Rather, it will also incorporate the interconnection of the animals' health, welfare, and immunity. It is essential to know that chickens are not susceptible to intranasal infection by the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus. Nevertheless, the COVID-19 pandemic will affect poultry consumption, transport, and the economics of poultry farming. It will also take into consideration economic, ethical, social dimensions, and the sustenance of the accomplishment of high environmental security. Stockholders, veterinarians, farmers, and all the partners of the chain of poultry production need to be more involved in the current situation and the strategic future of the industry to fulfill human demands and ensure sustainable agriculture. Thus, the present review explores these important tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafez M. Hafez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Poultry Diseases, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Youssef A. Attia
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- The Strategic Center to Kingdom Vision Realization, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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Chen Y, Cheng Y, Wen C, Zhou Y. Protective effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharide on heat stress-induced hepatic damage in broilers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:29000-29008. [PMID: 32424752 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09212-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress is a major concern in broiler's production, which can damage liver of broilers. This study investigated the protective effects of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) on heat stress-induced hepatic injury in broilers. A total of 144 day-old male chicks were allocated into three treatment groups. Broilers raised under normal ambient temperature were fed a basal diet (control group), and broilers under heat stress (32-33 °C for 8 h daily) were given the basal diet supplemented without MOS (heat stress group) or with 1 g/kg MOS (MOS group) for 42 days. Compared with the control group, heat stress reduced liver weight, whereas increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities in the serum. It also reduced glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the serum and liver, GSH content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the liver, but increased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in the serum and liver. Dietary MOS decreased serum ALT activity in heat-stressed broilers. MOS inclusion also decreased serum MDA content, but elevated hepatic GSH-Px and SOD activities, with MDA content and GSH-Px activity still being different from the control group, and SOD activity being similar to the control group. Heat stress increased concentrations of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in the serum and liver, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the liver, and mRNA abundances of HSP70, TLR4, MyD88, TNF-α, and IL-1β in the liver of broilers. Serum TNF-α content and mRNA abundances of hepatic TLR4 and TNF-α in MOS group were lower than the heat stress group, whereas these indexes were still higher than the control group. Our results indicated that dietary MOS ameliorated hepatic damage in heat-stressed broilers through alleviation of oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueping Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yefei Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Impact of Heat Stress on Poultry Health and Performances, and Potential Mitigation Strategies. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081266. [PMID: 32722335 PMCID: PMC7460371 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress is one of the major environmental stressors in the poultry industry resulting in substantial economic loss. Heat stress causes several physiological changes, such as oxidative stress, acid-base imbalance, and suppressed immunocompetence, which leads to increased mortality and reduced feed efficiency, body weight, feed intake, and egg production, and also affects meat and egg quality. Several strategies, with a variable degree of effectiveness, have been implemented to attenuate heat stress in poultry. Nutritional strategies, such as restricting the feed, wet or dual feeding, adding fat in diets, supplementing vitamins, minerals, osmolytes, and phytochemicals, have been widely studied and found to reduce the deleterious effects of heat stress. Furthermore, the use of naked neck (Na) and frizzle (F) genes in certain breed lines have also gained massive attention in recent times. However, only a few of these strategies have been widely used in the poultry industry. Therefore, developing heat-tolerant breed lines along with proper management and nutritional approach needs to be considered for solving this problem. Thus, this review highlights the scientific evidence regarding the effects of heat stress on poultry health and performances, and potential mitigation strategies against heat stress in broiler chickens and laying hens.
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Kim DH, Lee YK, Lee SD, Kim SH, Lee SR, Lee HG, Lee KW. Changes in Production Parameters, Egg Qualities, Fecal Volatile Fatty Acids, Nutrient Digestibility, and Plasma Parameters in Laying Hens Exposed to Ambient Temperature. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:412. [PMID: 32766297 PMCID: PMC7379879 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate the impact of heat stress on nutrient digestibility and tibia and reproductive traits, and changes in laying performance, egg qualities, fecal volatile fatty acids, and plasma parameters in laying hens. One-hundred twenty 52-week-old laying hens were raised in three temperature-controlled facilities with constant humidity (50% RH), either normal temperature (LT; 22°C) or heat stress considered being moderate (MT; 27°C) or severe (HT; 32°C) for 42 days. Feed intakes were consistently low (p < 0.01) in HT hens compared with those in LT or MT over the period of 42 days. Egg production kept markedly (p < 0.05) or numerically (p > 0.05) low in hens exposed to HT vs. LT or MT. Egg mass and egg weight were consistently low (p < 0.01) in hens exposed to HT compared with those raised under LT or MT. On the other hand, feed conversion ratio and frequency of dirty and cracked eggs were not significantly affected (p > 0.05) during the experimental period. HT-exposed hens consistently had lowered (p < 0.05) eggshell thickness and breaking strength, eggshell weight, and plasma Ca, P, and Mg levels compared with LT- or MT-treated hens. HT hens had lower (p < 0.01) relative oviduct weight and less number of large yellow follicles compared with those raised under LT or MT conditions at 42 days. Tibia traits measured at 42 days were not affected by any of heat treatments. Fecal volatile fatty acids tended to be higher in HT-exposed laying hens throughout the experiment. It was noted that digestibilities of neutral detergent fiber and dry matter were lowest (p < 0.05) in hens exposed to HT vs. LT or MT environments. Our study suggests that heat stress could lower laying performance, egg quality, and physiological parameters that are coupled with alterations in gut metabolites and mineral/lipid metabolism. The findings emerged from this study will help us design the nutritional and environmental strategies to mitigate the negative effect of heat stress on laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hye Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoo-Kyung Lee
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development of Administration, Jeonju-si, South Korea
| | - Sung-Dae Lee
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development of Administration, Jeonju-si, South Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development of Administration, Jeonju-si, South Korea
| | - Sang-Rak Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong-Gu Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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Effects of in ovo feeding of vitamin C on post-hatch performance, immune status and DNA methylation-related gene expression in broiler chickens. Br J Nutr 2020; 124:903-911. [DOI: 10.1017/s000711452000210x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of in ovo feeding (IOF) of vitamin C at embryonic age 11 (E11) on post-hatch performance, immune status and DNA methylation-related gene expression in broiler chickens. A total of 240 Arbor Acres breeder eggs (63 (sem 0·5) g) were randomly divided into two groups: normal saline and vitamin C (VC) groups. After incubation, newly hatched chicks from each group were randomly divided into six replicates with ten chicks per replicate. Hatchability, average daily feed intake (D21–42 and D1–42), and average daily gain and feed conversion ratio (D1–21) were improved by vitamin C treatment (P < 0·05). IOF of vitamin C increased vitamin C content (D1), total antioxidant capacity (D42), IgA (D1), IgM (D1 and D21), stimulation index for T lymphocyte (D35) and lysozyme activity (D21) in plasma (P < 0·05). On D21, vitamin C increased the splenic expression of IL-4 and DNMT1 and decreased IL-1β, Tet2, Tet3 and Gadd45β expression (P < 0·05). On D42, vitamin C increased the splenic expression of IL-4 and DNMT3A and decreased IFN-γ, Tet3, MBD4 and TDG expression (P < 0·05). In conclusion, the vitamin C via in ovo injection can be absorbed by broiler’s embryo and IOF of vitamin C at E11 improves the post-hatch performance and immune status and, to some extent, the antioxidant capacity of broiler chickens. The expression of enzyme-related DNA methylation and demethylation indicates that the level of DNA methylation may increase in spleen in the VC group and whether the fluctuating expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines is related to DNA methylation change remained to be further investigated.
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Shimamoto S, Nakamura K, Tomonaga S, Furukawa S, Ohtsuka A, Ijiri D. Effects of Cyclic High Ambient Temperature and Dietary Supplementation of Orotic Acid, a Pyrimidine Precursor, on Plasma and Muscle Metabolites in Broiler Chickens. Metabolites 2020; 10:E189. [PMID: 32408619 PMCID: PMC7281580 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10050189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of high ambient temperature (HT) and orotic acid supplementation on the plasma and muscle metabolomic profiles in broiler chickens. Thirty-two 14-day-old broiler chickens were divided into four treatment groups that were fed diets with or without 0.7% orotic acid under thermoneutral (25 ± 1 °C) or cyclic HT (35 ± 1 °C for 8 h/day) conditions for 2 weeks. The chickens exposed to HT had higher plasma malondialdehyde concentrations, suggesting an increase in lipid peroxidation, which is alleviated by orotic acid supplementation. The HT environment also affected the serine, glutamine, and tyrosine plasma concentrations, while orotic acid supplementation affected the aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and tyrosine plasma concentrations. Untargeted gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS)-based metabolomics analysis identified that the HT affected the plasma levels of metabolites involved in purine metabolism, ammonia recycling, pyrimidine metabolism, homocysteine degradation, glutamate metabolism, urea cycle, β-alanine metabolism, glycine and serine metabolism, and aspartate metabolism, while orotic acid supplementation affected metabolites involved in pyrimidine metabolism, β-alanine metabolism, the malate-aspartate shuttle, and aspartate metabolism. Our results suggest that cyclic HT affects various metabolic processes in broiler chickens, and that orotic acid supplementation ameliorates HT-induced increases in lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Shimamoto
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (S.S.); (K.N.); (A.O.)
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Kiriko Nakamura
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (S.S.); (K.N.); (A.O.)
| | - Shozo Tomonaga
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;
| | - Satoru Furukawa
- Furukawa Research Office Co. Ltd., Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-0066, Japan;
| | - Akira Ohtsuka
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (S.S.); (K.N.); (A.O.)
| | - Daichi Ijiri
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (S.S.); (K.N.); (A.O.)
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RATRIYANTO A, FIRMANDA F, PURWANTI H, MURJOKO M. Nutrient digestibility, performance, and egg quality traits of quails raised in different stocking densities and ascorbic acid supplementation in a hot, tropical environment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.3906/vet-1909-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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50
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Büyükkılıç Beyzi S, Konca Y, Kaliber M, Sarıözkan S, Kocaoğlu Güçlü B, Aktuğ E, Şentürk M. Effects of thyme essential oil and A, C, and E vitamin combinations to diets on performance, egg quality, MDA, and 8-OHdG of laying hens under heat stress. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2020.1746662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Selma Büyükkılıç Beyzi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkiye
| | - Yusuf Konca
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkiye
| | - Mahmut Kaliber
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkiye
| | - Savaş Sarıözkan
- Department of Animal Health Economics and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkiye
| | - Berrin Kocaoğlu Güçlü
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkiye
| | - Eray Aktuğ
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkiye
| | - Meryem Şentürk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkiye
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