1
|
Zeng H, He K, He Q, Xu L, Zhang W, Lu X, Tang Y, Zhu X, Yin J, He M, Chen X, Li W. Exogenous Indole-3-Acetic Acid Suppresses Rice Infection of Magnaporthe oryzae by Affecting Plant Resistance and Fungal Growth. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:1050-1056. [PMID: 38709298 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-23-0365-kc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Auxin is an important phytohormone that regulates diverse biologic processes, including plant growth and immunity. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), known as one of the main forms of auxin, is able to activate plant immunity. However, it is unknown whether IAA enhances plant resistance and/or suppresses the growth of the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. Here, we found that IAA could induce expression levels of pathogenesis-related genes to enhance disease resistance and could control the development of blast disease through inhibiting M. oryzae infection. Exogenous IAA suppressed mycelial growth and delayed spore germination by inhibiting fungal endogenous IAA biosynthesis and impairing redox homeostasis, respectively. When applied to a field test, two IAA analogues, 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid, can effectively control rice blast disease. Our study advances the understanding of IAA in controlling rice blast disease through suppressing pathogen growth and enhancing plant resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Kaiwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Qin He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Liting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yongyan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Junjie Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Min He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xuewei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Weitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rudhra O, Gnanam H, Sivaperumal S, Namperumalsamy V, Prajna L, Kuppamuthu D. Melanin depletion affects Aspergillus flavus conidial surface proteins, architecture, and virulence. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:291. [PMID: 38592509 PMCID: PMC11004046 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Melanin is an Aspergillus flavus cell wall component that provides chemical and physical protection to the organism. However, the molecular and biological mechanisms modulating melanin-mediated host-pathogen interaction in A. flavus keratitis are not well understood. This work aimed to compare the morphology, surface proteome profile, and virulence of melanized conidia (MC) and non-melanized conidia (NMC) of A. flavus. Kojic acid treatment inhibited melanin synthesis in A. flavus, and the conidial surface protein profile was significantly different in kojic acid-treated non-melanized conidia. Several cell wall-associated proteins and proteins responsible for oxidative stress, carbohydrate, and chitin metabolic pathways were found only in the formic acid extracts of NMC. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed the conidial surface morphology difference between the NMC and MC, indicating the role of melanin in the structural integrity of the conidial cell wall. The levels of calcofluor white staining efficiency were different, but there was no microscopic morphology difference in lactophenol cotton blue staining between MC and NMC. Evaluation of the virulence of MC and NMC in the Galleria mellonella model showed NMC was less virulent compared to MC. Our findings showed that the integrity of the conidial surface is controlled by the melanin layer. The alteration in the surface protein profile indicated that many surface proteins are masked by the melanin layer, and hence, melanin can modulate the host response by preventing the exposure of fungal proteins to the host immune defense system. The G. mellonella virulence assay also confirmed that the NMC were susceptible to host defense as in other Aspergillus pathogens. KEY POINTS: • l-DOPA melanin production was inhibited in A. flavus isolates by kojic acid, and for the first time, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed morphological differences between MC and NMC of A. flavus strains • Proteome profile of non-melanized conidia showed more conidial surface proteins and these proteins were mainly involved in the virulence, oxidative stress, and metabolism pathways • Non-melanized conidia of A. flavus strains were shown to be less virulent than melanised conidia in an in vivo virulence experiment with the G. melonella model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ondippili Rudhra
- Department of Proteomics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hariharan Gnanam
- Department of Proteomics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivaramakrishnan Sivaperumal
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Lalitha Prajna
- Department of Ocular Microbiology, Aravind Eye Hospital, Aravind Eye Care System, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Živančev J, Bulut S, Kocić-Tanackov S, Jović D, Fišteš A, Antić I, Djordjevic A. The impact of fullerenol nanoparticles on the growth of toxigenic Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxins production in vitro and in corn flour. J Food Sci 2024; 89:1814-1827. [PMID: 38317383 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Antifungal and antimycotoxigenic activity of fullerenol nanoparticles (FNPs) were investigated on Aspergillus flavus growth isolated from a real food sample and aflatoxins (AFs) (AFB1 and AFB2 ) production. The final FNPs concentrations in in vitro and in commercial corn flour after the stationary incubation period of 7 and 14 days were in the range 0.16-80 µg/mL and 0.16-80 µg/g, respectively. Nanocharacterization of FNPs revealed an average size of 5-20 nm and a zeta potential of -35 mV. The highest degree of A. flavus mycelium growth inhibition (28%) after 7 days was observed for applied FNP concentration of 8.0 µg/mL, while after 14 days FNP concentration of 0.32 µg/mL led to the maximal inhibition of A. flavus mycelium growth (36%). Spearman's correlations analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between AFB1 and AFB2 concentrations in YES broth after 7 (R = 0.994, p < 0.05) and 14 days (R = 0.976), as well as between AFs concentrations and A. flavus mycelium mass after 7 (R = 0.786 for AFB1 and R = 0.766 for AFB2 ) and 14 days (R = 0.810 for AFB1 and R = 0.833 for AFB2 ). Paired samples t-test showed the existence of a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between the produced AFs concentrations after the incubation of 7 and 14 days. Regarding the artificially inoculated corn flour the lower applied FNP concentrations (0.16-0.8 µg/g) achieved a reduction of AFB1 up to 42% and 60% after 7 and 14 days, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Živančev
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sandra Bulut
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Danica Jović
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Fišteš
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Igor Antić
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Djordjevic
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nowinski D, Czapka T, Maliszewska I. Effect of multiple nonthermal plasma treatments of filamentous fungi on cellular phenotypic changes and phytopathogenicity. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 408:110428. [PMID: 37837937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
The effect of multiple sublethal doses of non-thermal plasma treatments on fungal cells phenotypical changes and the reduction in phytopathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea, and Alternaria alternata was examined. The intensity of these changes depended on the species of fungus and the number of exposures of the mycelia to the DBD plasma. Microscopic observations showed that the plasma damaged the surface of the hyphae, increased their thickness and decreased overall dry biomass of the organisms. A decrease in pectinolytic activity was found in F. oxysporum and A. alternata, in contrast to B. cinerea, where an increase in pectinolytic activity was observed after the fifth plasma treatment. Changes in specific xylanase activity varied and were dependent on the species of fungus. The percentage of cucumber seeds germinated artificially infected with mycelium after multiple plasma treatments increased compared to those that were mycelium infected prior to plasma exposure. Plants that developed from seeds after plasma exposure were characterized by a higher biomass and longer roots and stems. Multiple treatments of the studied fungi with plasma, followed by seed infection, increased the SWVI and SWVI indexes of cucumber seedlings, but they did not reach the characteristic value of the control seeds (not infected with fungi). The reduced phytopathogenicity of the tested fungi was confirmed by artificial infestation of tomato fruits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Nowinski
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz Czapka
- Department of Electrical Engineering Fundamentals, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Irena Maliszewska
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Park J, Lee HH, Moon H, Lee N, Kim S, Kim JE, Lee Y, Min K, Kim H, Choi GJ, Lee YW, Seo YS, Son H. A combined transcriptomic and physiological approach to understanding the adaptive mechanisms to cope with oxidative stress in Fusarium graminearum. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0148523. [PMID: 37671872 PMCID: PMC10581207 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01485-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In plant-pathogen interactions, oxidative bursts are crucial for plants to defend themselves against pathogen infections. Rapid production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species kill pathogens directly and cause local cell death, preventing pathogens from spreading to adjacent cells. Meanwhile, the pathogens have developed several mechanisms to tolerate oxidative stress and successfully colonize plant tissues. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms responsible for resistance to oxidative stress by analyzing the transcriptomes of six oxidative stress-sensitive strains of the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified several pathways related to oxidative stress responses, including the DNA repair system, autophagy, and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. We also identified hub genes with high intramodular connectivity in key modules and generated deletion or conditional suppression mutants. Phenotypic characterization of those mutants showed that the deletion of FgHGG4, FgHGG10, and FgHGG13 caused sensitivity to oxidative stress, and further investigation on those genes revealed that transcriptional elongation and DNA damage responses play roles in oxidative stress response and pathogenicity. The suppression of FgHGL7 also led to hypersensitivity to oxidative stress, and we demonstrated that FgHGL7 plays a crucial role in heme biosynthesis and is essential for peroxidase activity. This study increases the understanding of the adaptive mechanisms to cope with oxidative stress in plant pathogenic fungi. IMPORTANCE Fungal pathogens have evolved various mechanisms to overcome host-derived stresses for successful infection. Oxidative stress is a representative defense system induced by the host plant, and fungi have complex response systems to cope with it. Fusarium graminearum is one of the devastating plant pathogenic fungi, and understanding its pathosystem is crucial for disease control. In this study, we investigated adaptive mechanisms for coping with oxidative stress at the transcriptome level using oxidative stress-sensitive strains. In addition, by introducing genetic modification technique such as CRISPR-Cas9 and the conditional gene expression system, we identified pathways/genes required for resistance to oxidative stress and also for virulence. Overall, this study advances the understanding of the oxidative stress response and related mechanisms in plant pathogenic fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeun Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Hee Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeji Moon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nahyun Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sieun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Kim
- Research Institute of Climate Change and Agriculture, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonji Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghun Min
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Kim
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyung Ja Choi
- Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yin-Won Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Su Seo
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hokyoung Son
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abah F, Kuang Y, Biregeya J, Abubakar YS, Ye Z, Wang Z. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases SvPmk1 and SvMps1 Are Critical for Abiotic Stress Resistance, Development and Pathogenesis of Sclerotiophoma versabilis. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9040455. [PMID: 37108909 PMCID: PMC10142639 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways are evolutionarily conserved in eukaryotes and modulate responses to both internal and external stimuli. Pmk1 and Mps MAPK pathways regulate stress tolerance, vegetative growth and cell wall integrity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pyricularia oryzae. Here, we deployed genetic and cell biology strategies to investigate the roles of the orthologs of Pmk1 and Mps1 in Sclerotiophoma versabilis (herein referred to as SvPmk1 and SvMps1, respectively). Our results showed that SvPmk1 and SvMps1 are involved in hyphal development, asexual reproduction and pathogenesis in S. versabilis. We found that ∆Svpmk1 and ∆Svmps1 mutants have significantly reduced vegetative growths on PDA supplemented with osmotic stress-inducing agents, compared to the wild type, with ∆Svpmps1 being hypersensitive to hydrogen peroxide. The two mutants failed to produce pycnidia and have reduced pathogenicity on Pseudostellaria heterophylla. Unlike SvPmk1, SvMps1 was found to be indispensable for the fungal cell wall integrity. Confocal microscopic analyses revealed that SvPmk1 and SvMps1 are ubiquitously expressed in the cytosol and nucleus. Taken together, we demonstrate here that SvPmk1 and SvMps1 play critical roles in the stress resistance, development and pathogenesis of S. versabilis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Abah
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, College of Life Sciences & College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yunbo Kuang
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, College of Life Sciences & College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- The Engineering Technology Research Center of Characteristic Medicinal Plants of Fujian, College of Life Sciences, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China
| | - Jules Biregeya
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, College of Life Sciences & College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yakubu Saddeeq Abubakar
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, College of Life Sciences & College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zuyun Ye
- The Engineering Technology Research Center of Characteristic Medicinal Plants of Fujian, College of Life Sciences, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, College of Life Sciences & College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xie L, Yang Q, Wu Y, Xiao J, Qu H, Jiang Y, Li T. Fumonisin B1 Biosynthesis Is Associated with Oxidative Stress and Plays an Important Role in Fusarium proliferatum Infection on Banana Fruit. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:5372-5381. [PMID: 36947157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fungal response to oxidative stress during infection on postharvest fruit is largely unknown. Here, we found that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment inhibited the growth of Fusarium proliferatum causing crown rot of banana fruit, confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation. H2O2 exposure increased endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) production in F. proliferatum, possibly by modulating FUM or ROS-related gene expression. Importantly, H2O2 treatment inhibited F. proliferatum growth in vivo but induced FB1 accumulation in banana peel. Finally, we constructed the FpFUM21 deletion mutant (ΔFpfum21) of F. proliferatum that was attenuated in FB1 biosynthesis and less tolerant to oxidative stress. Moreover, the ΔFpfum21 strain was less virulent compared to the wild type (WT) due to the inability to induce FB1 production in the banana host. These results suggested that FB1 biosynthesis is associated with oxidative stress in F. proliferatum and contributes to fungal infection on banana fruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Qiuxiao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yanfei Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense 32004, Spain
| | - Hongxia Qu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Taotao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Aniskina TS, Baranova EN, Lebedev SV, Reger NS, Besaliev IN, Panfilov AA, Kryuchkova VA, Gulevich AA. Unexpected Effects of Sulfate and Sodium Chloride Application on Yield Qualitative Characteristics and Symmetry Indicators of Hard and Soft Wheat Kernels. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:980. [PMID: 36903841 PMCID: PMC10004740 DOI: 10.3390/plants12050980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of grain quality can lead to limited predictability of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the wheat yield, especially with an increase in the importance of drought and salinity caused by climate change. This study was undertaken with the aim of creating basic tools for phenotyping and assessing the sensitivity of genotypes to salt effects at the level of some wheat kernel attributes. The study considers 36 variants of the experiment, including four wheat cultivars-Zolotaya, Ulyanovskaya 105, Orenburgskaya 10, Orenburgskaya 23; three treatment variants-control (without salt) and two salts exposure (NaCl at a concentration of 1.1 g L-1 and Na2SO4 at a concentration of 0.4 g L-1); as well as three options for the arrangement of kernels in a simple spikelet-left, middle, and right. It has been established that the salt exposure had a positive effect on the percentage of kernel fulfilling in the cultivars Zolotaya, Ulyanovskaya 105, and Orenburgskaya 23 compared to control. The kernels of the Orenburgskaya 10 variety matured better in the experiment with Na2SO4 exposure, while the control variant and NaCl gave the same effect. When exposed to NaCl, significantly greater values of weight, transverse section area, and transverse section perimeter of the kernel were noted in the cv Zolotaya and Ulyanovskaya 105. Cv Orenburgskaya 10 responded positively to the use of Na2SO4. This salt caused an increase in the area, length, and width of the kernel. The fluctuating asymmetry of the left, middle, and right kernels in the spikelet was calculated. In the cv Orenburgskaya 23 the salts affected only the kernel perimeter among parameters examined. The indicators of the general (fluctuating) asymmetry were lower in the experiments with the use of salts, i.e., kernels were more symmetrical than in the control variant, both for the cultivar as a whole and when compared taking into account the kernel location in spikelet. However, this result was unexpected, since salt stress inhibited a number of morphological parameters: the number and average length of embryonic, adventitious, and nodal roots, flag leaf area, plant height, dry biomass accumulation, and plant productivity indicators. The study showed that low concentrations of salts can positively affect the fulfilling of kernels (the absence of a cavity inside the kernel) and the symmetry of the left and right sides of the kernel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana S. Aniskina
- N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 4, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina N. Baranova
- N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 4, 127276 Moscow, Russia
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svyatoslav V. Lebedev
- Federal Scientific Center of Biological Systems and Agrotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Yanvarya 29, 460000 Orenburg, Russia
| | - Nelli S. Reger
- Federal Scientific Center of Biological Systems and Agrotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Yanvarya 29, 460000 Orenburg, Russia
| | - Ishen N. Besaliev
- Federal Scientific Center of Biological Systems and Agrotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Yanvarya 29, 460000 Orenburg, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Panfilov
- Federal Scientific Center of Biological Systems and Agrotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Yanvarya 29, 460000 Orenburg, Russia
| | - Viktoriya A. Kryuchkova
- N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 4, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Gulevich
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Raza A, Parveen S, Majeed MI, Nawaz H, Javed MR, Iqbal MA, Rashid N, Haider MZ, Ali MZ, Sabir A, Mahmood Ul Hasan H, Majeed B. Surface-enhanced Raman spectral characterization of antifungal activity of selenium and zinc based organometallic compounds. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 285:121903. [PMID: 36209714 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is used to identify the biochemical changes associated with the antifungal activities of selenium and zinc organometallic complexes against Aspergillus niger fungus. These biochemical changes identified in the form of SERS peaks can help to understand the mechanism of action of these antifungal agents which is important for development of new antifungal drugs. The SERS spectral changes indicate the denaturation and conformational changes of proteins and fungal cell wall decomposition in complex exposed fungal samples. The SERS spectra of these organometallic complexes exposed fungi are analyzed by using statistical tools like principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). PCA is employed to differentiate the SERS spectra of fungal samples exposed to ligands and complexes. The PLS-DA discriminated different groups of spectra with 99.8% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 98% accuracy and 86 % area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Soneya Parveen
- Medicine and Allied, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan Majeed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Haq Nawaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Javed
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nosheen Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Zeeshan Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Amina Sabir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Mahmood Ul Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Beenish Majeed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sant Anna Iwanicki N, Delalibera Júnior I, de Carvalho LLB, Eilenberg J, De Fine Licht HH. Comparative transcriptomics of growth metabolism and virulence reveal distinct morphogenic profiles of yeast-like cells and hyphae of the fungus Metarhizium rileyi. Fungal Genet Biol 2023; 164:103766. [PMID: 36513262 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2022.103766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metarhizium rileyiis an entomopathogenic fungus with a narrow host range which distinguishes it from other Metarhiziumspecies with broad host ranges. This species is also unique because the initial yeast-like growth on solid media is only observed in liquid culture in other Metharizium species. A lack of knowledge about the metabolism and genetic signatures of M. rileyiduring this yeast-like phase on solid and in liquid media is a bottleneck for its large-scale production as a commercial biocontrol agent.In this study wefound that M. rileyiyeast-like cells produced on solid medium infected and killed the important insect pest Spodoptera frugiperda with comparable efficiency as yeast-like cells grown in liquid medium. Secondly, we used comparative transcriptomic analysis to investigate theactive genes and genomic signatures of the M. rileyi yeast-like morphotypes produced on solid and in liquid media. Yeast-like cells grown in liquid medium had upregulated genes relating specifically to signal transduction andparticular membrane transporters. Thirdly, we compared the transcriptomic profiles of yeast-like phases of M. rileyi with those of M. anisopliae. The yeast-like phase of M. rileyi grown on solid medium upregulated unique genes not found in otherMetarhiziumspecies including specific membrane proteins and several virulence factors. Orthologous genes associated with heat shock protein, iron permease, membrane proteins and key virulence traits (e.g. collagen-like protein Mcl1) were upregulated in both species. Comparative transcriptome analyses of gene expression showed more differences than similarities between M. anisopliae and M. rileyi yeast-like cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Sant Anna Iwanicki
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', University of São Paulo (ESALQ-USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, C.P. 9, Piracicaba, SP CEP 13418-900, Brazil.
| | - Italo Delalibera Júnior
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', University of São Paulo (ESALQ-USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, C.P. 9, Piracicaba, SP CEP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Lana L B de Carvalho
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', University of São Paulo (ESALQ-USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, C.P. 9, Piracicaba, SP CEP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Jørgen Eilenberg
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Henrik H De Fine Licht
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao HX, Zhang TY, Wang H, Hu CY, Tang YL, Xu B. Occurrence of fungal spores in drinking water: A review of pathogenicity, odor, chlorine resistance and control strategies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158626. [PMID: 36087680 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fungi in drinking water have been long neglected due to the lack of convenient analysis methods, widely accepted regulations and efficient control strategies. However, in the last few decades, fungi in drinking water have been widely recognized as opportunity pathogens that cause serious damage to the health of immune-compromised individuals. In drinking water treatment plants, fungal spores are more resistant to chlorine disinfection than bacteria and viruses, which can regrow in drinking water distribution systems and subsequently pose health threats to water consumers. In addition, fungi in drinking water may represent an ignored source of taste and odor (T&O). This review identified 74 genera of fungi isolated from drinking water and presented their detailed taxonomy, sources and biomass levels in drinking water systems. The typical pathways of exposure of water-borne fungi and the main effects on human health are clarified. The fungi producing T&O compounds and their products are summarized. Data on free chlorine or monochloramine inactivation of fungal spores and other pathogens are compared. At the first time, we suggested four chlorine-resistant mechanisms including aggregation to tolerate chlorine, strong cell walls, cellular responses to oxidative stress and antioxidation of melanin, which are instructive for the future fungi control attempts. Finally, the inactivation performance of fungal spores by various technologies are comprehensively analyzed. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of fungi distribution and risks in drinking water, provide insight into the chlorine resistance mechanisms of fungal spores and propose approaches for the control of fungi in drinking water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Xuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Tian-Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Chen-Yan Hu
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, PR China
| | - Yu-Lin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Bin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hong Q, Sun H, Chen M, Zhang S, Yu Q. Plasma treatment effects on destruction and recovery of Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274523. [PMID: 36103549 PMCID: PMC9473617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the treatment effects of non-thermal atmospheric gas plasmas (NTAP) on destruction and the recovery (or re-colonization) of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) in biofilms. P. gingivalis is a well-known keystone periodontal pathogen strongly associated with periodontal diseases, especially periodontitis. P. gingivalis biofilms were formed on stainless steel coupons and treated for 1, 2, and 5 minutes by NTAP of pure argon gas and argon+oxygen gas mixture. MTT assay, colony forming unit (CFU) counting assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were used to assess the destruction efficiency. In addition, the plasma treated biofilms were re-cultured in the medium supplemented with antibiotics and oxidative stress sources to determine the synergy of the NTAP with other antimicrobial agents. The results showed the plasma treatment could result in 2.7 log unit reduction in bacterial load. The recovered biofilm CFU with NTAP treatment combined with sub minimal inhibition concentration of amoxicillin was 0.33 log units less than the biofilm treated with amoxicillin alone. The recovered biofilm CFU in NTAP groups was about 2.0 log units less than that in the untreated controls under H2O2 treatment. There was approximately 1.0 log unit reduction of biofilm CFU in plasma treated biofilm compared with untreated control under paraquat treatment. The plasma treated biofilms exhibited less resistance to amoxicillin and greater susceptibility to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and paraquat, suggesting that NTAP may enhance biofilm susceptibility to host defense. These in vitro findings suggested that NTAP could be a novel and effective treatment method of oral biofilms that cause periodontal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hong
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America
| | - Hongmin Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America
| | - Meng Chen
- Nanova, Inc., Columbia, MO, United States of America
| | - Shaoping Zhang
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, Iowa University, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Qingsong Yu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mitra M, Singh R, Ghissing U, Das AK, Mitra A, Maiti MK. Characterization of an alcohol acetyltransferase GcAAT responsible for the production of antifungal volatile esters in endophytic Geotrichum candidum PF005. Microbiol Res 2022; 260:127021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
14
|
Cellular Responses Required for Oxidative Stress Tolerance of the Necrotrophic Fungus Alternaria alternata, Causal Agent of Pear Black Spot. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030621. [PMID: 35336198 PMCID: PMC8951605 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To establish successful infections in host plants, pathogenic fungi must sense and respond to an array of stresses, such as oxidative stress. In this study, we systematically analyzed the effects of 30 mM H2O2 treatment on reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism in Alternaria alternata. Results showed that 30 mM H2O2 treatment lead to increased O2− generation rate and H2O2 content, and simultaneously, increased the activities and transcript levels of NADPH oxidase (NOX). The activities and gene expression levels of enzymes related with ascorbic acid-glutathione cycle (AsA-GSH cycle) and thioredoxin systems, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (AXP) and thioredoxin (TrxR), were remarkably enhanced by 30 mM H2O2 stress treatment. Additionally, 30 mM H2O2 treatment decreased the glutathione (GSH) content, whereas it increased the amount of oxidized glutathione (GSSG), dehydroascorbate (DHA) and ascorbic acid (AsA). These results revealed that cellular responses are required for oxidative stress tolerance of the necrotrophic fungus A. alternata.
Collapse
|
15
|
Relation of shear stress and KLa on bikaverin production by Fusarium oxysporum CCT7620 in a bioreactor. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022; 45:733-740. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-022-02693-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
16
|
Das P, Effmert U, Baermann G, Quella M, Piechulla B. Impact of bacterial volatiles on phytopathogenic fungi: an in vitro study on microbial competition and interaction. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:596-614. [PMID: 34718549 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms in the rhizosphere are abundant and exist in very high taxonomic diversity. The major players are bacteria and fungi, and bacteria have evolved many strategies to prevail over fungi, among them harmful enzyme activities and noxious secondary metabolites. Interactions between plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and phytopathogenic fungi are potentially valuable since the plant would benefit from fungal growth repression. In this respect, the role of volatile bacterial metabolites in fungistasis has been demonstrated, but the mechanisms of action are less understood. We used three phytopathogenic fungal species (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Juxtiphoma eupyrena) as well as one non-phytopathogenic species (Neurospora crassa) and the plant growth promoting rhizobacterium Serratia plymuthica 4Rx13 in co-cultivation assays to investigate the influence of bacterial volatile metabolites on fungi on a cellular level. As a response to the treatment, we found elevated lipid peroxidation, which indirectly reflected the loss of fungal cell membrane integrity. An increase in superoxide dismutase, catalase, and laccase activities indicated oxidative stress. Acclimation to these adverse growth conditions completely restored fungal growth. One of the bioactive bacterial volatile compounds seemed to be ammonia, which was a component of the bacterial volatile mixture. Applied as a single compound in biogenic concentrations ammonia also caused an increase in lipid peroxidation and enzyme activities, but the extent and pattern did not fully match the effect of the entire bacterial volatile mixture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piyali Das
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Uta Effmert
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Gunnar Baermann
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Manuel Quella
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Birgit Piechulla
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bachleitner S, Sulyok M, Sørensen JL, Strauss J, Studt L. The H4K20 methyltransferase Kmt5 is involved in secondary metabolism and stress response in phytopathogenic Fusarium species. Fungal Genet Biol 2021; 155:103602. [PMID: 34214671 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2021.103602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium fujikuroi and Fusarium graminearum are agronomically important plant pathogens, both infecting important staple food plants and thus leading to huge economic losses worldwide. F.fujikuroi belongs to the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) and causes bakanae disease on rice, whereas F.graminearum, a member of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC), is the causal agent of Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) disease on wheat, barley and maize. In recent years, the importance of chromatin regulation became evident in the plant-pathogen interaction. Several processes, including posttranslational modifications of histones, have been described as regulators of virulence and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. In this study, we have functionally characterised methylation of lysine 20 histone 4 (H4K20me) in both Fusarium species. We identified the respective genes solely responsible for H4K20 mono-, di- and trimethylation in F.fujikuroi (FfKMT5) and F.graminearum (FgKMT5). We show that loss of Kmt5 affects colony growth in F.graminearum while this is not the case for F.fujikuroi. Similarly, FgKmt5 is required for full virulence in F.graminearum as Δfgkmt5 is hypovirulent on wheat, whereas the F.fujikuroi Δffkmt5 strain did not deviate from the wild type during rice infection. Lack of Kmt5 had distinct effects on the secondary metabolism in both plant pathogens with the most pronounced effects on fusarin biosynthesis in F.fujikuroi and zearalenone biosynthesis in F.graminearum. Next to this, loss of Kmt5 resulted in an increased tolerance towards oxidative and osmotic stress in both species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Bachleitner
- Institute of Microbial Genetics, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Michael Sulyok
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, Tulln 3430, Austria
| | - Jens Laurids Sørensen
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Joseph Strauss
- Institute of Microbial Genetics, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Lena Studt
- Institute of Microbial Genetics, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Influence of H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress on In Vitro Growth and Moniliformin and Fumonisins Accumulation by Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium subglutinans. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13090653. [PMID: 34564657 PMCID: PMC8473447 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13090653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium subglutinans are common pathogens of maize which are known to produce mycotoxins, including moniliformin (MON) and fumonisins (FBs). Fungal secondary metabolism and response to oxidative stress are interlaced, where hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays a pivotal role in the modulation of mycotoxin production. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of H2O2-induced oxidative stress on fungal growth, as well as MON and FBs production, in different isolates of these fungi. When these isolates were cultured in the presence of 1, 2, 5, and 10 mM H2O2, the fungal biomass of F. subglutinans isolates showed a strong sensitivity to increasing oxidative conditions (27–58% reduction), whereas F. proliferatum isolates were not affected or even slightly improved (45% increase). H2O2 treatment at the lower concentration of 1 mM caused an almost total disappearance of MON and a strong reduction of FBs content in the two fungal species and isolates tested. The catalase activity, surveyed due to its crucial role as an H2O2 scavenger, showed no significant changes at 1 mM H2O2 treatment, thus indicating a lack of correlation with MON and FB changes. H2O2 treatment was also able to reduce MON and FB content in certified maize material, and the same behavior was observed in the presence and absence of these fungi, highlighting a direct effect of H2O2 on the stability of these mycotoxins. Taken together, these data provide insights into the role of H2O2 which, when increased under stress conditions, could affect the vegetative response and mycotoxin production (and degradation) of these fungi.
Collapse
|
19
|
Xue X, Bi F, Liu B, Li J, Zhang L, Zhang J, Gao Q, Wang D. Improving citric acid production of an industrial Aspergillus niger CGMCC 10142: identification and overexpression of a high-affinity glucose transporter with different promoters. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:168. [PMID: 34446025 PMCID: PMC8394697 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01659-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose transporters play an important role in the fermentation of citric acid. In this study, a high-affinity glucose transporter (HGT1) was identified and overexpressed in the industrial strain A. niger CGMCC 10142. HGT1-overexpressing strains using the PglaA and Paox1 promoters were constructed to verify the glucose transporter functions. RESULT As hypothesized, the HGT1-overexpressing strains showed higher citric acid production and lower residual sugar contents. The best-performing strain A. niger 20-15 exhibited a reduction of the total sugar content and residual reducing sugars by 16.5 and 44.7%, while the final citric acid production was significantly increased to 174.1 g/L, representing a 7.3% increase compared to A. niger CGMCC 10142. Measurement of the mRNA expression levels of relevant genes at different time-points during the fermentation indicated that in addition to HGT1, citrate synthase and glucokinase were also expressed at higher levels in the overexpression strains. CONCLUSION The results indicate that HGT1 overexpression resolved the metabolic bottleneck caused by insufficient sugar transport and thereby improved the sugar utilization rate. This study demonstrates the usefulness of the high-affinity glucose transporter HGT1 for improving the citric acid fermentation process of Aspergillus niger CGMCC 10142.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianli Xue
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology & Engineering Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Futi Bi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology & Engineering Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Boya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology & Engineering Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology & Engineering Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology & Engineering Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology & Engineering Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology & Engineering Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Depei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology & Engineering Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China. .,Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Daou M, Bisotto A, Haon M, Oliveira Correia L, Cottyn B, Drula E, Garajová S, Bertrand E, Record E, Navarro D, Raouche S, Baumberger S, Faulds CB. A Putative Lignin Copper Oxidase from Trichoderma reesei. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7080643. [PMID: 34436182 PMCID: PMC8400822 DOI: 10.3390/jof7080643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of Trichoderma reesei, a fungus widely used for the commercial production of hemicellulases and cellulases, to grow and modify technical soda lignin was investigated. By quantifying fungal genomic DNA, T. reesei showed growth and sporulation in solid and liquid cultures containing lignin alone. The analysis of released soluble lignin and residual insoluble lignin was indicative of enzymatic oxidative conversion of phenolic lignin side chains and the modification of lignin structure by cleaving the β-O-4 linkages. The results also showed that polymerization reactions were taking place. A proteomic analysis conducted to investigate secreted proteins at days 3, 7, and 14 of growth revealed the presence of five auxiliary activity (AA) enzymes in the secretome: AA6, AA9, two AA3 enzymes), and the only copper radical oxidase encoded in the genome of T. reesei. This enzyme was heterologously produced and characterized, and its activity on lignin-derived molecules was investigated. Phylogenetic characterization demonstrated that this enzyme belonged to the AA5_1 family, which includes characterized glyoxal oxidases. However, the enzyme displayed overlapping physicochemical and catalytic properties across the AA5 family. The enzyme was remarkably stable at high pH and oxidized both, alcohols and aldehydes with preference to the alcohol group. It was also active on lignin-derived phenolic molecules as well as simple carbohydrates. HPSEC and LC-MS analyses on the reactions of the produced protein on lignin dimers (SS ββ, SS βO4 and GG β5) uncovered the polymerizing activity of this enzyme, which was accordingly named lignin copper oxidase (TrLOx). Polymers of up 10 units were formed by hydroxy group oxidation and radical formation. The activations of lignin molecules by TrLOx along with the co-secretion of this enzyme with reductases and FAD flavoproteins oxidoreductases during growth on lignin suggest a synergistic mechanism for lignin breakdown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Daou
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Alexandra Bisotto
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Mireille Haon
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Lydie Oliveira Correia
- PAPPSO Platform, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France;
| | - Betty Cottyn
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; (B.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Elodie Drula
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Soňa Garajová
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Emmanuel Bertrand
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Eric Record
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
| | - David Navarro
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
- CIRM-CF BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Sana Raouche
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Stéphanie Baumberger
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; (B.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Craig B. Faulds
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ali A, Ellinger B, Brandt SC, Betzel C, Rühl M, Wrenger C, Schlüter H, Schäfer W, Brognaro H, Gand M. Genome and Secretome Analysis of Staphylotrichum longicolleum DSM105789 Cultured on Agro-Residual and Chitinous Biomass. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1581. [PMID: 34442660 PMCID: PMC8398502 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylotrichum longicolleum FW57 (DSM105789) is a prolific chitinolytic fungus isolated from wood, with a chitinase activity of 0.11 ± 0.01 U/mg. We selected this strain for genome sequencing and annotation, and compiled its growth characteristics on four different chitinous substrates as well as two agro-industrial waste products. We found that the enzymatic mixture secreted by FW57 was not only able to digest pre-treated sugarcane bagasse, but also untreated sugarcane bagasse and maize leaves. The efficiency was comparable to a commercial enzymatic cocktail, highlighting the potential of the S. longicolleum enzyme mixture as an alternative pretreatment method. To further characterize the enzymes, which efficiently digested polymers such as cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, starch, and lignin, we performed in-depth mass spectrometry-based secretome analysis using tryptic peptides from in-gel and in-solution digestions. Depending on the growth conditions, we were able to detect from 442 to 1092 proteins, which were annotated to identify from 134 to 224 putative carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) in five different families: glycoside hydrolases, auxiliary activities, carbohydrate esterases, polysaccharide lyases, glycosyl transferases, and proteins containing a carbohydrate-binding module, as well as combinations thereof. The FW57 enzyme mixture could be used to replace commercial enzyme cocktails for the digestion of agro-residual substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arslan Ali
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Martin Luther King Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (A.A.); (C.B.); (C.W.); (H.S.); (H.B.)
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Center, Section Mass Spectrometry & Proteomics, Campus Research, Martinistr. 2, N27, Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Universität Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Ellinger
- Department ScreeningPort, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Sophie C. Brandt
- Department of Molecular Phytopathology, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany; (S.C.B.); (W.S.)
| | - Christian Betzel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Martin Luther King Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (A.A.); (C.B.); (C.W.); (H.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Martin Rühl
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Department Biology and Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Gießen, Germany;
| | - Carsten Wrenger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Martin Luther King Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (A.A.); (C.B.); (C.W.); (H.S.); (H.B.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes, 2415, São Paulo CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Martin Luther King Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (A.A.); (C.B.); (C.W.); (H.S.); (H.B.)
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Center, Section Mass Spectrometry & Proteomics, Campus Research, Martinistr. 2, N27, Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Universität Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Schäfer
- Department of Molecular Phytopathology, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany; (S.C.B.); (W.S.)
| | - Hévila Brognaro
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Martin Luther King Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (A.A.); (C.B.); (C.W.); (H.S.); (H.B.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes, 2415, São Paulo CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Martin Gand
- Department of Molecular Phytopathology, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany; (S.C.B.); (W.S.)
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Department Biology and Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Gießen, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cao R, Wan Q, Tan L, Xu X, Wu G, Wang J, Xu H, Huang T, Wen G. Evaluation of the vital viability and their application in fungal spores' disinfection with flow cytometry. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 269:128700. [PMID: 33127110 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
More attention was focused on fungi contamination in drinking water. Most researches about the inactivation of fungal spores has been conducted on disinfection efficiency and the leakage of intracellular substances. However, the specific structural damage of fungal spores treated by different disinfectants is poorly studied. In this study, the viability assessment methods of esterase activities and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were optimized, and the effects of chlorine-based disinfectants on fungal spores were evaluated by flow cytometry (FCM) and plating. The optimal staining conditions for esterase activity detection were as follows: fungal spores (106 cells/mL) were stained with 10 μM carboxyfluorescein diacetate and 50 mM ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid at 33 °C for 10 min (in dark). The optimal staining conditions for intracellular ROS detection were as follows: dihydroethidium (the final concentration of 2 μg/mL) was added into fungal suspensions (106 cells/mL), and then samples were incubated at 35 °C for 20 min (in dark). The cell culturability, membrane integrity, esterase activities, and intracellular ROS were examined to reveal the structural damage of fungal spores and underlying inactivation mechanisms. Disinfectants would cause the loss of the cell viability via five main steps: altered the morphology of fungal spores; increased the intracellular ROS levels; decreased the culturability, esterase activities and membrane integrity, thus leading to the irreversible death. It is appropriate to assess the effects of disinfectants on fungal spores and investigate their inactivation mechanisms using FCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Cao
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Qiqi Wan
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Lili Tan
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Xiangqian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Gehui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Huining Xu
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Tinglin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Gang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
A review of the methods used to determine the target site or the mechanism of action of essential oils and their components against fungi. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-04102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractEssential oils (EOs) are complex mixtures of compounds derived from plants that exhibit antimicrobial activity. Several studies have demonstrated their antifungal activity in food matrices or in vitro via vapor phase or direct addition. Recently, researchers are focusing on elucidating the target site or the mechanism of action of various EOs. Past research has suggested evidence of how EOs act in the fungal cells via assays assessed from cell wall alterations or gene expression modifications. However, no previous reports have summarized most methods for finding the target site of the mechanism of action for EOs. Therefore, this review presents the methods and assays used to discover the target site or the mechanism of action of EOs against fungal cells. Researchers commonly analyze the plasma membrane integrity using various techniques as well as the changes in cell morphology. Meanwhile, the quantification of the activity of the mitochondrial enzymes, ROS species, and gene expression are less assayed.
Collapse
|
24
|
Wongputtisin P, Supo C, Suwannarach N, Honda Y, Nakazawa T, Kumla J, Lumyong S, Khanongnuch C. Filamentous fungi with high paraquat-degrading activity isolated from contaminated agricultural soils in northern Thailand. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 72:467-475. [PMID: 33305426 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The contamination of paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium dichloride) herbicide from the farming area has become a public concern in many countries. This herbicide harms to human health and negatively effects the soil fertility. Several methods have been introduced for the remediation of paraquat. In this study, 20 isolates of the paraquat-tolerant fungi were isolated from the contaminated soil samples in northern Thailand. We found that isolate PRPY-2 and PFCM-1 exhibited the highest degradation activity of paraquat on synthetic liquid medium. About 80 and 68% of paraquat were removed by PRPY-2 and PFCM-1 respectively after 15 days of cultivation. Based on the morphological characteristic and molecular analysis, the fungal isolate PRPY-2 and PFCM-1 were identified as Aspergillus tamarii and Cunninghamella sp. respectively. The biosorption of paraquat on these fungal mycelia was also investigated. It was found that only 8-10% of paraquat could be detected on their mycelia, while 24-46% of paraquat was degraded by fungal mycelia. This is the first report on paraquat degrading ability by A. tamarii and Cunninghamella sp. It is demonstrated that these filamentous fungi are promising microorganisms available for remediation of paraquat contaminated environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Wongputtisin
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - C Supo
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - N Suwannarach
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Y Honda
- Division of Environmental Science and Technology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Nakazawa
- Division of Environmental Science and Technology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - J Kumla
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - S Lumyong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - C Khanongnuch
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Differential responses of genes and enzymes associated with ROS protective responses in the sugarcane smut fungus. Fungal Biol 2020; 124:1039-1051. [PMID: 33213784 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The fungal pathogen Sporisorium scitamineum causes sugarcane smut disease. We have previously shown that resistant sugarcane plants induce ROS, coinciding with a delay in fungal colonization. Here, we investigated whether the fungus modifies the enzymatic antioxidant system in vitro and when colonizing sugarcane tissues in response to ROS. In vitro, the exposure to ROS did not affect cell integrity, and a combination of superoxide dismutases (SOD) and catalases (CAT) were active. In vitro, the fungus did not alter the expression of the transcriptional regulator Yap1 and the effector Pep1. The fungus activated distinct enzymes when colonizing plant tissues. Instead of CAT, S. scitamineum induced glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) expression only when colonizing smut-resistant plants. Yap1 had an earlier expression in both smut-susceptible and -resistant plants, with no apparent correlation with the expression of antioxidant genes sod, cat, gpx, or external redox imbalance. The expression of the effector pep1 was induced only in smut-resistant plants, potentially in response to ROS. These results collectively suggest that S. scitamineum copes with oxidative stress by inducing different mechanisms depending on the conditions (in vitro/in planta) and intensity of ROS. Moreover, the effector Pep1 is responsive to the stress imposed only by the sugarcane resistant genotype.
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Microbial citric acid has high economic importance and widely used in beverage, food, detergents, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. The filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger is a work horse and important cell factory in industry for the production of citric acid. Although in-depth literatures and reviews have been published to explain the biochemistry, biotechnology and genetic engineering study of citric acid production by Aspergillus niger separately but the present review compiled, all the aspects with upto date brief summary of the subject describing microorganisms, substrates and their pre-treatment, screening, fermentation techniques, metabolic engineering, biochemistry, product recovery and numerous biotechnological application of citric acid for simple understanding of microbial citric acid production. The availability of genome sequence of this organism has facilitated numerous studies in gene function, gene regulation, primary and secondary metabolism. An attempt has been also made to address the molecular mechanisms and application of recent advanced techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9 systems in enhancement of citric acid production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Chandra Behera
- School of Biological sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Comparative Characterization of G Protein α Subunits in Aspergillus fumigatus. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9040272. [PMID: 32283604 PMCID: PMC7238038 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9040272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Trimeric G proteins play a central role in the G protein signaling in filamentous fungi and Gα subunits are the major component of trimeric G proteins. In this study, we characterize three Gα subunits in the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. While the deletion of gpaB and ganA led to reduced colony growth, the growth of the ΔgpaA strain was increased in minimal media. The germination rate, conidiation, and mRNA expression of key asexual development regulators were significantly decreased by the loss of gpaB. In contrast, the deletion of gpaA resulted in increased conidiation and mRNA expression levels of key asexual regulators. The deletion of gpaB caused a reduction in conidial tolerance against H2O2, but not in paraquat (PQ). Moreover, the ΔgpaB mutant showed enhanced susceptibility against membrane targeting azole antifungal drugs and reduced production of gliotoxin (GT). The protein kinase A (PKA) activity of the ΔganA strain was severely decreased and protein kinase C (PKC) activity was detected all strains at similar levels, indicating that all G protein α subunits of A. fumigatus may be a component of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway and appear to possess the PKC signaling pathway as an alternative backup pathway to compensate for PKA depletion. Collectively, the three Gα subunits regulate growth, germination, asexual development, resistance to oxidative stress, and GT production differently via the PKA or PKC signaling pathway. The function of GanA of A. fumigatus was elucidated for the first time.
Collapse
|
28
|
Cortesão M, de Haas A, Unterbusch R, Fujimori A, Schütze T, Meyer V, Moeller R. Aspergillus niger Spores Are Highly Resistant to Space Radiation. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:560. [PMID: 32318041 PMCID: PMC7146846 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger is one of the main contaminants of the International Space Station (ISS). It forms highly pigmented, airborne spores that have thick cell walls and low metabolic activity, enabling them to withstand harsh conditions and colonize spacecraft surfaces. Whether A. niger spores are resistant to space radiation, and to what extent, is not yet known. In this study, spore suspensions of a wild-type and three mutant strains (with defects in pigmentation, DNA repair, and polar growth control) were exposed to X-rays, cosmic radiation (helium- and iron-ions) and UV-C (254 nm). To assess the level of resistance and survival limits of fungal spores in a long-term interplanetary mission scenario, we tested radiation doses up to 1000 Gy and 4000 J/m2. For comparison, a 360-day round-trip to Mars yields a dose of 0.66 ± 0.12 Gy. Overall, wild-type spores of A. niger were able to withstand high doses of X-ray (LD90 = 360 Gy) and cosmic radiation (helium-ion LD90 = 500 Gy; and iron-ion LD90 = 100 Gy). Drying the spores before irradiation made them more susceptible toward X-ray radiation. Notably, A. niger spores are highly resistant to UV-C radiation (LD90 = 1038 J/m2), which is significantly higher than that of other radiation-resistant microorganisms (e.g., Deinococcus radiodurans). In all strains, UV-C treated spores (1000 J/m2) were shown to have decreased biofilm formation (81% reduction in wild-type spores). This study suggests that A. niger spores might not be easily inactivated by exposure to space radiation alone and that current planetary protection guidelines should be revisited, considering the high resistance of fungal spores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cortesão
- Space Microbiology Research Group, Radiation Biology Department, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Aram de Haas
- Space Microbiology Research Group, Radiation Biology Department, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rebecca Unterbusch
- Space Microbiology Research Group, Radiation Biology Department, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Akira Fujimori
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tabea Schütze
- Chair of Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vera Meyer
- Chair of Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Moeller
- Space Microbiology Research Group, Radiation Biology Department, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hu PF, Huang J, Chen L, Ding Z, Liu L, Molnár I, Zhang BB. Oxidative Stress Induction Is a Rational Strategy to Enhance the Productivity of Antrodia cinnamomea Fermentations for the Antioxidant Secondary Metabolite Antrodin C. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:3995-4004. [PMID: 32133853 PMCID: PMC7351023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidant metabolites contribute to alleviating oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in microorganisms. We utilized oxidative stressors such as hydrogen peroxide supplementation to increase the yield of the bioactive secondary metabolite antioxidant antrodin C in submerged fermentations of the medicinal mushroom Antrodia cinnamomea. Changes in the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities of the cells indicate that ROS are critical to promote antrodin C biosynthesis, while the ROS production inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium cancels the productivity-enhancing effects of H2O2. Transcriptomic analysis suggests that key enzymes in the mitochondrial electron transport chain are repressed during oxidative stress, leading to ROS accumulation and triggering the biosynthesis of antioxidants such as antrodin C. Accordingly, rotenone, an inhibitor of the electron transport chain complex I, mimics the antrodin C productivity-enhancing effects of H2O2. Delineating the steps connecting oxidative stress with increased antrodin C biosynthesis will facilitate the fine-tuning of strategies for rational fermentation process improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Hu
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zhongyang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - István Molnár
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Rd., Tucson, AZ 85706, USA
| | - Bo-Bo Zhang
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ianutsevich EA, Danilova OA, Kurilov DV, Zavarzin IV, Tereshina VM. Osmolytes and membrane lipids in adaptive response of thermophilic fungus Rhizomucor miehei to cold, osmotic and oxidative shocks. Extremophiles 2020; 24:391-401. [PMID: 32144516 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-020-01163-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to mesophiles, in which levels of trehalose and phosphatidic acids (PA) increased only under heat shock (HS), in thermophiles trehalose and PA were predominant under optimal growth conditions. To study the role of trehalose protection in the adaptation of thermophiles to various stressors, the composition of osmolytes and membrane lipids in the thermophilic fungus Rhizomucor miehei was studied under cold (CS), osmotic (OS) and oxidative (OxS) shocks. CS resulted in no accumulation of glycerol in the mycelium, while the amount of trehalose decreased. The main lipid changes were the increase in the PA proportion with simultaneous decrease of sterols (St), the increase of the unsaturation degree of polar lipids and the decrease of the ergosterol proportion in total St. OS did not cause changes in the lipid composition, but led to the decrease of ergosterol proportion too. Despite the low ability of Mucorales to produce polyols, increase in the level of arabitol and glycerol was observed under OS. OxS led to the decrease of trehalose level and had no effect on the lipid composition. Thus, our results show the similarity (OS) and the difference (CS and OxS) between adaptation mechanisms of thermophiles and mesophiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Ianutsevich
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2 Leninsky Ave., Moscow, 119071, Russian Federation
| | - Olga A Danilova
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2 Leninsky Ave., Moscow, 119071, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitrii V Kurilov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky Ave., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Igor V Zavarzin
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky Ave., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Vera M Tereshina
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2 Leninsky Ave., Moscow, 119071, Russian Federation.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Nykiel-Szymańska J, Różalska S, Bernat P, Słaba M. Assessment of oxidative stress and phospholipids alterations in chloroacetanilides-degrading Trichoderma spp. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 184:109629. [PMID: 31509783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the induction of oxidative stress and antioxidant response in the chloroacetanilides-degrading Trichoderma spp. under alachlor and metolachlor exposure, a comparative analysis using popular biomarkers was employed. An increased intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS; especially superoxide anion [O2-]) as well as products of lipid and protein oxidation after 24 h incubation with the herbicides confirmed chloroacetanilide-induced oxidative stress in tested Trichoderma strains. However, the considerable decline in the ROS levels and the carbonyl group content (biomarkers of protein peroxidation) in a time-dependent manner and changes in the antioxidant enzyme activities indicated an active response against chloroacetanilide-induced oxidative stress and the mechanism of tolerance in tested fungi. Moreover, the tested herbicides clearly modified the phospholipids (PLs) content in Trichoderma spp. in the stationary phase of growth, which was manifested through the difference in phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholines (PC) levels. Despite enhanced lipid peroxidation and changes in PLs in most tested fungi, only a slight modification in membrane integrity of Trichoderma spp. under chloroacetanilides exposure was noted. The obtained results suggest that the alterations in the antioxidant system and the PLs profile of Trichoderma spp. might be useful biomarkers of chloroacetanilide-induced oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Nykiel-Szymańska
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sylwia Różalska
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Przemysław Bernat
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Mirosława Słaba
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bioremediation of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)-Contaminated Agricultural Soils: Potential of Two Autochthonous Saprotrophic Fungal Strains. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.01720-19. [PMID: 31444208 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01720-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) was used worldwide as an organochlorine insecticide to control agricultural pests and vectors of several insect-borne human diseases. It was banned in most industrialized countries; however, due to its persistence in the environment, DDT residues remain in environmental compartments, becoming long-term sources of exposure. To identify and select fungal species suitable for bioremediation of DDT-contaminated sites, soil samples were collected from DDT-contaminated agricultural soils in Poland, and 38 fungal taxa among 18 genera were isolated. Two of them, Trichoderma hamatum FBL 587 and Rhizopus arrhizus FBL 578, were tested for tolerance in the presence of 1-mg liter-1 DDT concentration by using two indices based on fungal growth rate and biomass production (the tolerance indices Rt:Rc and TI), showing a clear tolerance to DDT. The two selected strains were studied to evaluate catabolic versatility on 95 carbon sources with or without DDT by using the Phenotype MicroArray system and to investigate the induced oxidative stress responses. The two strains were able to use most of the substrates provided, resulting in both high metabolic versatility and ecological functionality in the use of carbon sources, despite the presence of DDT. The activation of specific metabolic responses with species-dependent antioxidant enzymes to cope with the induced chemical stress has been hypothesized, since the presence of DDT promoted a higher formation of reactive oxygen species in fungal cells than the controls. The tested fungi represent attractive potential candidates for bioremediation of DDT-contaminated soil and are worthy of further investigations.IMPORTANCE The spread and environmental accumulation of DDT over the years represent not only a threat to human health and ecological security but also a major challenge because of the complex chemical processes and technologies required for remediation. Saprotrophic fungi, isolated from contaminated sites, hold promise for their bioremediation potential toward toxic organic compounds, since they might provide an environment-friendly solution to contamination. Once we verified the high tolerance of autochthonous fungal strains to high concentrations of DDT, we showed how fungi from different phyla demonstrate a high metabolic versatility in the presence of DDT. The isolates showed the singular ability to keep their functionality, despite the DDT-induced production of reactive oxygen species.
Collapse
|
33
|
Pilgaard B, Wilkens C, Herbst FA, Vuillemin M, Rhein-Knudsen N, Meyer AS, Lange L. Proteomic enzyme analysis of the marine fungus Paradendryphiella salina reveals alginate lyase as a minimal adaptation strategy for brown algae degradation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12338. [PMID: 31451726 PMCID: PMC6710412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48823-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We set out to investigate the genetic adaptations of the marine fungus Paradendryphiella salina CBS112865 for degradation of brown macroalgae. We performed whole genome and transcriptome sequencing and shotgun proteomic analysis of the secretome of P. salina grown on three species of brown algae and under carbon limitation. Genome comparison with closely related terrestrial fungi revealed that P. salina had a similar but reduced CAZyme profile relative to the terrestrial fungi except for the presence of three putative alginate lyases from Polysaccharide Lyase (PL) family 7 and a putative PL8 with similarity to ascomycete chondroitin AC lyases. Phylogenetic and homology analyses place the PL7 sequences amongst mannuronic acid specific PL7 proteins from marine bacteria. Recombinant expression, purification and characterization of one of the PL7 genes confirmed the specificity. Proteomic analysis of the P. salina secretome when growing on brown algae, revealed the PL7 and PL8 enzymes abundantly secreted together with enzymes necessary for degradation of laminarin, cellulose, lipids and peptides. Our findings indicate that the basic CAZyme repertoire of saprobic and plant pathogenic ascomycetes, with the addition of PL7 alginate lyases, provide P. salina with sufficient enzymatic capabilities to degrade several types of brown algae polysaccharides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pilgaard
- Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Casper Wilkens
- Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Florian-Alexander Herbst
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Marlene Vuillemin
- Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nanna Rhein-Knudsen
- Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne S Meyer
- Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lene Lange
- BioEconomy, Research & Advisory, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Russo F, Ceci A, Maggi O, Siciliano A, Guida M, Petrangeli Papini M, Černík M, Persiani AM. Understanding fungal potential in the mitigation of contaminated areas in the Czech Republic: tolerance, biotransformation of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and oxidative stress analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:24445-24461. [PMID: 31228071 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05679-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The study of the soil microbial community represents an important step in better understanding the environmental context. Therefore, biological characterisation and physicochemical integration are keys when defining contaminated sites. Fungi play a fundamental role in the soil, by providing and supporting ecological services for ecosystems and human wellbeing. In this research, 52 soil fungal taxa were isolated from in situ pilot reactors installed to a contaminated site in Czech Republic with a high concentration of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH). Among the identified isolates, 12 strains were selected to evaluate their tolerance to different isomers of HCH by using specific indices (Rt:Rc; T.I.) and to test their potential in xenobiotic biotransformation. Most of the selected taxa was not significantly affected by exposure to HCH, underlining the elevated tolerance of all the tested fungal taxa, and different metabolic intermediates of HCH dechlorination were observed. The oxidative stress responses to HCH for two selected species, Penicillium simplicissimum and Trichoderma harzianum, were investigated in order to explore their toxic responses and to evaluate their potential functioning in bioremediation of contaminated environments. This research suggests that the isolated fungal species may provide opportunities for new eco-friendly, integrated and cost-effective solutions for environmental management and remediation, considering their efficient adaptation to stressful conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Russo
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Ceci
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Oriana Maggi
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonietta Siciliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Petrangeli Papini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Miroslav Černík
- Department of Nanomaterials in Natural Sciences, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 461 17, Liberec 1, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Maria Persiani
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Shao H, Tu Y, Wang Y, Jiang C, Ma L, Hu Z, Wang J, Zeng B, He B. Oxidative Stress Response of Aspergillus oryzae Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide and Menadione Sodium Bisulfite. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E225. [PMID: 31366149 PMCID: PMC6724031 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7080225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress response protects organisms from deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage cellular components and cause disturbance of the cellular homeostasis. Although the defensive biochemical mechanisms have been extensively studied in yeast and other filamentous fungi, little information is available about Aspergillus oryzae. We investigated the effect of two oxidant agents (menadione sodium bisulfite, MSB, and hydrogen peroxide, H2O2) on cellular growth and antioxidant enzyme induction in A. oryzae. Results indicated severe inhibition of biomass and conidia production when high concentration of oxidants was used. Transcriptomic analysis showed an up-regulated expression of genes involved in oxidoreduction, such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. In addition, it was observed that oxidative stress stimuli enhanced the expression of Yap1 and Skn7 transcription factors. Further, metabolomic analysis showed that glutathione content was increased in the oxidative treatments when compared with the control. Moreover, the content of unsaturated fatty acid decreased with oxidative treatment accompanying with the down-regulated expression of genes involved in linoleic acid biosynthesis. This study provided a global transcriptome characterization of oxidative stress response in A. oryzae, and can offer multiple target genes for oxidative tolerance improvement via genetic engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Shao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China
| | - Yayi Tu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Yijing Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Chunmiao Jiang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Long Ma
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Zhihong Hu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Jiangfan Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China.
| | - Bin He
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering and Co-Innovation Center for In-vitro Diagnostic Reagents and Devices of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Biological indicators, genetic polymorphism and expression inAspergillus flavusunder copper mediated stress. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
37
|
Wang C, Niu Y, Meng Q, Zhang L. Ethyl pyruvate (EP) suppressed post-harvest blue mold of sweet cherry fruit by inhibiting the growth of Penicillium oxalicum. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:3517-3524. [PMID: 30623442 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The shelf-life of fresh sweet cherry is relatively short due to fungal decay during post-harvest storage. To investigate the effect and the mechanism of action of ethyl pyruvate (EP) against blue mold of sweet cherry fruit caused by Penicillium oxalicum, the spores were treated with 25 mg L-1 EP. The spore germination rate of P. oxalicum, the integrities of the cell wall and plasma membrane, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated. RESULTS EP treatment significantly suppressed post-harvest blue mold of sweet cherry fruit. We found that the treatment of 25 mg L-1 EP significantly suppressed blue mold of post-harvest sweet cherry fruit by directly inhibiting germination and the mycelial growth of P. oxalicum. After co-inoculation with EP for 30 min, the spore germination rate of P. oxalicum was reduced by 83.5%. In addition, the pH of the EP solution was found to affect its antimicrobial activity. After treatment with EP, the cell surface structures of the spores of P. oxalicum were much more incomplete, and higher ROS and MDA values were recorded in the spores. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that EP treatment destroyed the integrities of the cell surface structures and caused oxidative damage of the spores of P. oxalicum. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chu Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yu Niu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Economy, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qiuxia Meng
- Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lizhen Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Guo SX, Yao GF, Ye HR, Tang J, Huang ZQ, Yang F, Li YH, Han Z, Hu LY, Zhang H, Hu KD. Functional Characterization of a Cystathionine β-Synthase Gene in Sulfur Metabolism and Pathogenicity of Aspergillus niger in Pear Fruit. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4435-4443. [PMID: 30945533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus niger, which is a fungal pathogen, causes rot in a variety of fruits. In this study, the cystathionine β-synthase cbsA gene was deleted by homologous recombination to study its role in sulfur metabolism and pathogenicity of A. niger. The results showed that Δ cbsA strain maintained normal mycelia growth and sporulation compared with the control strain A. niger MA 70.15, whereas the contents of cysteine and glutathione (GSH) increased significantly after cbsA deletion. However, Δ cbsA strain showed reduced endogenous H2S production. Further results showed that cbsA gene deletion induced higher resistance to cadmium stress and stronger infectivity to pears. It was also found that a stronger response of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was induced in Δ cbsA mutant-infected pear compared with the control strain. In all, the present research suggested the important role of cbsA in sulfur metabolism and pathogenicity of A. niger in pear fruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Xuan Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
| | - Gai-Fang Yao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
| | - Hui-Ran Ye
- School of Science , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , China
| | - Jun Tang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou 221131 , China
| | - Zhong-Qin Huang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou 221131 , China
| | - Feng Yang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou 221131 , China
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
| | - Zhuo Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
| | - Lan-Ying Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Compound Seasoning , Anhui Qiangwang Seasoning Food Co., Ltd. , Jieshou 236500 , China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
| | - Kang-Di Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Krusong W, Pothimon R, Vichitraka A. Inhibitory impact of vapor-phase ethanol on conidia germination and mycelial growth of Aspergillus fumigatus on bread. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
40
|
Kovač T, Šarkanj B, Crevar B, Kovač M, Lončarić A, Strelec I, Ezekiel CN, Sulyok M, Krska R. Aspergillus flavus NRRL 3251 Growth, Oxidative Status, and Aflatoxins Production Ability In Vitro under Different Illumination Regimes. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E528. [PMID: 30544693 PMCID: PMC6316533 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10120528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus is the most important mycotoxin-producing fungus involved in the global episodes of aflatoxin B₁ contamination of crops at both the pre-harvest and post-harvest stages. However, in order to effectively control aflatoxin contamination in crops using antiaflatoxigenic and/or antifungal compounds, some of which are photosensitive, a proper understanding of the photo-sensitive physiology of potential experimental strains need to be documented. The purpose of the study is therefore to evaluate the effect of visible (VIS) light illumination on growth and conidiation, aflatoxin production ability and modulation of A. flavus oxidative status during in vitro experiment. Aflatoxigenic A. flavus strain was inoculated in aflatoxin-inducing YES media and incubated under three different VIS illumination regimes during a 168 h growth period at 29 °C. VIS illumination reduced A. flavus mycelia biomass yield, both during growth on plates and in liquid media, promoted conidiation and increased the aflatoxin production. Furthermore, aflatoxin production increased with increased reactive oxidative species (ROS) levels at 96 h of growth, confirming illumination-driven oxidative stress modulation activity on A. flavus cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tihomir Kovač
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Ecology, Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, Osijek 31000, Croatia.
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, Tulln 3430, Austria.
| | - Bojan Šarkanj
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Ecology, Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, Osijek 31000, Croatia.
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, Tulln 3430, Austria.
- Department of Food technology, University North, Trg dr. Žarka Dolinara 1, Koprivnica 48000, Croatia.
| | - Biljana Crevar
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Ecology, Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, Osijek 31000, Croatia.
| | - Marija Kovač
- Inspecto Ltd., Industrijska zona Nemetin, Vukovarska cesta 239b, Osijek 31000, Croatia.
| | - Ante Lončarić
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Ecology, Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, Osijek 31000, Croatia.
| | - Ivica Strelec
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Ecology, Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, Osijek 31000, Croatia.
| | - Chibundu N Ezekiel
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, Tulln 3430, Austria.
- Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo 121103, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - Michael Sulyok
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, Tulln 3430, Austria.
| | - Rudolf Krska
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, Tulln 3430, Austria.
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sephton-Clark PCS, Muñoz JF, Ballou ER, Cuomo CA, Voelz K. Pathways of Pathogenicity: Transcriptional Stages of Germination in the Fatal Fungal Pathogen Rhizopus delemar. mSphere 2018; 3:e00403-18. [PMID: 30258038 PMCID: PMC6158513 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00403-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizopus delemar is an invasive fungal pathogen responsible for the frequently fatal disease mucormycosis. Germination, a crucial mechanism by which infectious spores of Rhizopus delemar cause disease, is a key developmental process that transforms the dormant spore state into a vegetative one. The molecular mechanisms that underpin this transformation may be key to controlling mucormycosis; however, the regulation of germination remains poorly understood. This study describes the phenotypic and transcriptional changes that take place over the course of germination. This process is characterized by four distinct stages: dormancy, isotropic swelling, germ tube emergence, and hyphal growth. Dormant spores are shown to be transcriptionally unique, expressing a subset of transcripts absent in later developmental stages. A large shift in the expression profile is prompted by the initiation of germination, with genes involved in respiration, chitin, cytoskeleton, and actin regulation appearing to be important for this transition. A period of transcriptional consistency can be seen throughout isotropic swelling, before the transcriptional landscape shifts again at the onset of hyphal growth. This study provides a greater understanding of the regulation of germination and highlights processes involved in transforming Rhizopus delemar from a single-cellular to multicellular organism.IMPORTANCE Germination is key to the growth of many organisms, including fungal spores. Mucormycete spores exist abundantly within the environment and germinate to form hyphae. These spores are capable of infecting immunocompromised individuals, causing the disease mucormycosis. Germination from spore to hyphae within patients leads to angioinvasion, tissue necrosis, and often fatal infections. This study advances our understanding of how spore germination occurs in the mucormycetes, identifying processes we may be able to inhibit to help prevent or treat mucormycosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poppy C S Sephton-Clark
- Institute for Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jose F Muñoz
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Ballou
- Institute for Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christina A Cuomo
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kerstin Voelz
- Institute for Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hou L, Liu L, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang J, Gao Q, Wang D. Functional analysis of the mitochondrial alternative oxidase gene (aox1) from Aspergillus niger CGMCC 10142 and its effects on citric acid production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:7981-7995. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
43
|
Zhong Z, Li N, Liu L, He B, Igarashi Y, Luo F. Label-free differentially proteomic analysis of interspecific interaction between white-rot fungi highlights oxidative stress response and high metabolic activity. Fungal Biol 2018; 122:774-784. [PMID: 30007428 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The laccase production by mycelial antagonistic interaction among white-rot fungi is a very important pathway for lignin degradation research. To gain a better understanding of competitive mechanisms under mycelial antagonistic interaction among three lignin-degrading white-rot basidiomycetes of Trametesversicolor (Tv), Pleurotusostreatus (Po) and Dichomitussqualens (Ds), mycelial morphology and proteins in three co-culture combinations TvPo (Tv cocultivated with Po), PoDs (Po cocultivated with Ds), TvDs (Tv cocultivated with Ds) were compared with corresponding each two mono-cultures. In this study, scanning electron microscopy detection of co-cultures indicated a highly close attachment of fungal hyphae with each other and conidiation could be inhibited under fungal interaction. In addition, a label-free proteomic analysis revealed changes on fungal proteomes existed in their counterpart competitors of co-culture. The maximum number of 1020 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in PoDs relative to Po while the minimum number of 367 DEPs were identified in PoDs relative to Ds. Notably, we also found a large number of overexpressed proteins were oxidative stress-related proteins, followed by carbohydrate metabolism-related proteins and energy production-related proteins in all three co-culture combinations compared with control. These results were important for the future exploration of molecular mechanisms underlying lignin-degrading fungal interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Zhong
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Nannan Li
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Li Liu
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Binghui He
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yasuo Igarashi
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Feng Luo
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yang X, Ma N, Yang L, Zheng Y, Zhen Z, Li Q, Xie M, Li J, Zhang KQ, Yang J. Two Rab GTPases play different roles in conidiation, trap formation, stress resistance, and virulence in the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:4601-4613. [PMID: 29616315 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8929-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rab GTPases are the largest group of the small GTPases family, which play a pivotal role in the secretion of proteins. Arthrobotrys oligospora is a representative nematode-trapping fungus that can produce adhesive networks to capture nematodes. In this study, the roles of two Rab GTPases AoRab-7A and AoRab-2 were characterized by gene knockout in the fungus A. oligospora. The disruption of AoRab-7A hindered the mycelial growth in different media, the conidiation of ΔAoRab-7A transformants was almost abolished, and the transcription of four sporulation-related genes (AbaA, FluG, Hyp1, and VosA) was downregulated compared to the wild-type strain (WT). Furthermore, the tolerance of the ΔAoRab-7A mutants to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and H2O2 was also significantly reduced compared to the WT, and the transcription of several genes related to environmental resistance, such as genes for catalase and trehalose synthase, was downregulated. Similarly, the extracellular proteolytic activity was decreased. Importantly, the ΔAoRab-7A mutants were unable to produce traps and capture nematodes. However, the disruption of gene AoRab-2 only affected the conidiation slightly but non-significantly, while other phenotypic traits were unaffected. Moreover, the gene AoRab-7A was also involved in the autophagy induced by nitrogen deprivation in A. oligospora. Our results revealed for the first time that the Rab GTPases are involved in the regulation of mycelial growth, conidiation, trap formation, stress resistance, and pathogenicity in the nematode-trapping fungus A. oligospora.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyi Zhen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Meihua Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinkui Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kovač T, Šarkanj B, Klapec T, Borišev I, Kovač M, Nevistić A, Strelec I. Antiaflatoxigenic effect of fullerene C 60 nanoparticles at environmentally plausible concentrations. AMB Express 2018; 8:14. [PMID: 29404802 PMCID: PMC5799089 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0544-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased interest in fullerene C60 and derivatives in recent years implies an intensification of their environmental spread. Yet, the potential risks for living organisms are largely unknown, including the interaction of C60 with fungal organisms. This may be especially relevant for mycotoxigenic fungi since C60 may both scavenge and produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), and oxidative stress induces mycotoxin production in fungi. Therefore, this study examined effects of environmentally plausible concentrations of C60 (0, 10, 50, and 100 ng/mL) on Aspergillus flavus growth and aflatoxin production in culture media. In addition, ROS-dependent oxidative stress biomarkers—thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reduced and oxidised glutathione ratio, superoxide dismutase isoenzymes, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were determined in mycelia. Nanoparticles of fullerene C60 (nC60) did not exhibit strong antifungal activity against A. flavus. At the same time, nC60 caused an antiaflatoxigenic effect at 10–100 ng/mL, and 50 ng/mL unexpectedly enhanced aflatoxin production. The TBARS content, reduced and oxidised glutathione ratio, and copper, zinc superoxide dismutase activity suggest that 10 ng/mL nC60 exerted antioxidative action and reduced aflatoxin B1 production within fungal cells. Detected prooxidative effects of 50 ng/mL fullerene exceeded cellular defenses and consequently enhanced aflatoxin B1 production. Finally, the results obtained with 100 ng/mL nC60 point to prooxidative effects, but the absence of increase in aflatoxin output may indicate additional, presumably cytotoxic effects of nC60. Thus, a range of rather low levels of nC60 in the environment has a potential to modify aflatoxin production in A. flavus. Due to possible implications, further studies should test these results in environmental conditions.
Collapse
|
46
|
de Mattos IM, Soares AEE, Tarpy DR. Mitigating effects of pollen during paraquat exposure on gene expression and pathogen prevalence in Apis mellifera L. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 27:32-44. [PMID: 29067534 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-017-1868-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) populations have been experiencing notable mortality in Europe and North America. No single cause has been identified for these dramatic losses, but rather multiple interacting factors are likely responsible (such as pesticides, malnutrition, habitat loss, and pathogens). Paraquat is one of the most widely used non-selective herbicides, especially in developing countries. This herbicide is considered slightly toxic to honey bees, despite being reported as a highly effective inducer of oxidative stress in a wide range of living systems. Here, we test the effects of paraquat on the expression of detoxification and antioxidant-related genes, as well as on the dynamics of pathogen titers. Moreover, we tested the effects of pollen as mitigating factor to paraquat exposure. Our results show significant changes in the expression of several antioxidant-related and detoxification-related genes in the presence of paraquat, as well as an increase of pathogens titers. Finally, we demonstrate a mitigating effect of pollen through the up-regulation of specific genes and improvement of survival of bees exposed to paraquat. The presence of pollen in the diet was also correlated with a reduced prevalence of Nosema and viral pathogens. We discuss the importance of honey bees' nutrition, especially the availability of pollen, on colony losses chronically reported in the USA and Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Medici de Mattos
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14.049-900, Brazil.
| | - Ademilson E E Soares
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14.049-900, Brazil
| | - David R Tarpy
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Mario DN, Schaffer LF, Peroza LR, Jesus FPKD, Denardi LB, Fachinetto R, Alves SH. Sporothrix brasiliensis produces the highest levels of oxidative stress in a murine model among the species of the Sporothrix schenckii complex. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2017; 50:554-557. [PMID: 28954081 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0171-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: We compared indicators of oxidative stress in the tissue of mice infected with strains from Sporothrix schenckii complex. METHODS: Mice were inoculated with Sporothrix brasiliensis, Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto, Sporothrix globosa, Sporothrix mexicana or Sporothrix albicans. The activity of catalase and glutathione were accessed in the liver and spleen. RESULTS: Animals infected with S. brasiliensis exhibited splenomegaly and significant decrease in catalase activity, and protein and non-protein thiol content compared to animals infected with the other species. CONCLUSIONS: Sporothrix brasiliensis exhibits higher pathogenicity compared to other species of the Sporothrix schenckii complex by increasing oxidative stress in animal tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Débora Nunes Mario
- Escola de Saúde, Imed, Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Larissa Finger Schaffer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Luis Ricardo Peroza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | | | - Laura Bedin Denardi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Roselei Fachinetto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Sydney Hartz Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kovač T, Kovač M, Strelec I, Nevistić A, Molnar M. Antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activities of coumarinyl thiosemicarbazides against Aspergillus flavus NRRL 3251. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2017; 68:9-15. [PMID: 28365677 DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2017-68-2883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic effects of two series of coumarinyl thiosemicarbazides on Aspergillus flavus NRRL 3251 were studied. Fungi were grown in YES medium for 72 h at 29 °C in the presence of 0, 0.1, 1, and 10 μg mL-1 of coumarinyl thiosemicarbazides: one series with substitution in position 7 and another with substitution in position 4 of the coumarin core. Dry mycelia weight determination was used for antifungal activity estimation, while the aflatoxin B1 content in YES media, determined by the dilute and shoot LC-MS/MS technique, was used for the antiaflatoxigenic effect estimation. Standard biochemical assays were used for oxidative status marker (TBARS, SOD, CAT, and GPX) determination in A. flavus NRRL 3251 mycelia. Results show that 7-substituted-coumarinyl thiosemicarbazides possess a better antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activity than 4-substituted ones. The most prominent substituted compound was the compound 3, N-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-((4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl)oxy)acetyl)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide, which completely inhibited aflatoxin production at the concentration of 10 μg mL-1. Oxidative stress response of A. flavus exposed to the selected compounds points to the modulation of oxidative stress as a possible reason of aflatoxin production inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tihomir Kovač
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Ecology, Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek
| | | | - Ivica Strelec
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Ecology, Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek
| | | | - Maja Molnar
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Ecology, Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Venice F, de Pinto MC, Novero M, Ghignone S, Salvioli A, Bonfante P. Gigaspora margarita with and without its endobacterium shows adaptive responses to oxidative stress. MYCORRHIZA 2017; 27:747-759. [PMID: 28730540 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-017-0790-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi experience oxidative stress during the plant-fungal interaction, due to endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by fungal metabolism and exogenous ROS produced by plant cells. Here, we examine the responses to H2O2 in Gigaspora margarita, an AM fungus containing the endobacterial symbiont Candidatus Glomeribacter gigasporarum (CaGg). Previous studies revealed that G. margarita with its endobacterium produces more ATP and has higher respiratory activity than a cured line that lacks the endobacterium. This higher bioenergetic potential leads to higher production of ROS and to a higher ROS-detoxifying capacity, suggesting a direct or indirect role of the endobacterium in modulating fungal antioxidant responses. To test the hypothesis that the fungal-endobacterial symbiosis may enhance the fitness of the AM fungus in the presence of oxidative stress, we treated the fungus with a sublethal concentration of H2O2 and performed RNA-seq analysis. Our results demonstrate that (i) irrespective of the endobacterium presence, G. margarita faces oxidative stress by activating multiple metabolic processes (methionine oxidation, sulfur uptake, the pentose phosphate pathway, activation of ROS-scavenger genes); (ii) in the presence of its endobacterium, G. margarita upregulates some metabolic pathways, like chromatin status modifications and iron metabolism; and (iii) contrary to our hypothesis, the cured line responds to H2O2 by activating the transcription of specific ROS scavengers. We confirmed the RNA-seq findings by measuring the glutathione and ascorbate concentration, which was the same in both lines after H2O2 treatment. We conclude that both fungal lines may face oxidative stress, but they activate alternative strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Venice
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, viale Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Mara Novero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, viale Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Salvioli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, viale Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Bonfante
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, viale Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Nuskern L, Tkalec M, Ježić M, Katanić Z, Krstin L, Ćurković-Perica M. Cryphonectria hypovirus 1-Induced Changes of Stress Enzyme Activity in Transfected Phytopathogenic Fungus Cryphonectria parasitica. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2017; 74:302-311. [PMID: 28160056 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-017-0945-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cryphonectria parasitica is a phytopathogenic fungus introduced from Eastern Asia to North America and to Europe, where it causes chestnut blight, a devastating disease of chestnut trees. The disease can be biologically controlled utilising the mycovirus Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV1), which changes the physiology of the host, reducing its virulence towards chestnut. We measured fungal growth in vitro and activities of glutathione S-transferase, catalase and superoxide dismutase, enzymes involved in oxidative stress response, to elucidate the effects of CHV1 infection on the host. Six CHV1 strains of different subtypes and three fungal isolates were used in different combinations to better represent natural conditions, where higher genetic diversity of both fungus and virus is expected. The infection with different CHV1 strains decreased in vitro growth rate of infected fungal isolates and increased activity of their stress enzymes in most of the studied fungus/virus combinations, indicating increased oxidative stress following CHV1 infection. All our field CHV1 strains belong to the Italian subtype, but while strain M56-1 had equal or even stronger effect on its fungal host than prototypic strain EP713 of French subtype F1, strain B11 had no effect. Thus, the severity of the observed effects depended on a particular virus strain, fungal isolate, and the combination of the two, rather than solely on the virus subtype. Since previous research showed discordance between accumulation of mRNA and stress-related proteins in CHV1 infected C. parasitica, our results emphasise the importance of enzymes' activity measurements as an invaluable extension of transcriptomic and proteomic analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucija Nuskern
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 9a, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirta Tkalec
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 9a, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marin Ježić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 9a, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zorana Katanić
- Department of Biology, University of Josip Juraj Strossmayer in Osijek, Ulica cara Hadrijana 8A, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ljiljana Krstin
- Department of Biology, University of Josip Juraj Strossmayer in Osijek, Ulica cara Hadrijana 8A, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mirna Ćurković-Perica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 9a, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|