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Escobedo-Monge MF, Bahillo-Curieses P, Parodi-Román J, Escobedo-Monge MA, Alonso-López P, Marugán-Miguelsanz JM. Calcium, Phosphate, and Vitamin D in Children and Adolescents with Chronic Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:1349. [PMID: 38732596 PMCID: PMC11085162 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases may affect the nutritional status of children and adolescents. Calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and vitamin D (Vit-D) are crucial nutrients for their growth and development. Proper diagnosis and treatment are critical components of personalized and precision medicine. Hence, we conducted a cross-sectional and comparative study to evaluate Ca, P, and Vit-D levels in their non-skeletal functions and their association with health and nutritional biomarkers in children and adolescents with diverse chronic conditions. We performed anthropometric, body composition, clinical evaluation, biochemical analysis, and dietary survey methods. A total of 78 patients (1-19 years, 43 females, 42 children) took part in this study. Overall, 24, 30, and 24 participants were obese, undernourished, and eutrophic, respectively. Results found that 74% and 35% of individuals had deficient Vit-D and Ca intake, respectively. Most cases were normocalcemic. Results also found that 47% of the subjects had Vit-D deficiency (VDD), 37% were insufficient, and 37% had hypophosphatemia. Of the 46% and 31% of patients with VDD and insufficient levels, 19% and 11% were hypophosphatemic, respectively. Calcium, P, and Vit-D levels were associated with anthropometric parameters, body mass index, body composition, physical activity, diet, growth hormones, and the immune, liver, and kidney systems. These results show the coincident risk of altered Ca, P, and Vit-D metabolism in children and adolescents with chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Fabiola Escobedo-Monge
- Department of Pediatrics of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pilar Bahillo-Curieses
- Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Joaquín Parodi-Román
- Science Faculty, University of Cadiz, Paseo de Carlos III, 28, 11003 Cádiz, Spain;
| | | | - Pedro Alonso-López
- Section of Gastroenterology and Pediatric Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain (J.M.M.-M.)
| | - José Manuel Marugán-Miguelsanz
- Department of Pediatrics of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Section of Gastroenterology and Pediatric Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain (J.M.M.-M.)
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Shen Q, Li Z, Bai H, Gu M, Kang J, Jia R, Zhang J, Dong A. Regulation of band gap and localized surface plasmon resonance by loading Au nanorods on violet phosphene nanosheets for photodynamic/photothermal synergistic anti-infective therapy. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:3392-3403. [PMID: 38512335 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00105b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
In the face of the serious threat to human health and the economic burden caused by bacterial antibiotic resistance, 2D phosphorus nanomaterials have been widely used as antibacterial agents. Violet phosphorus nanosheets (VPNSs) are an exciting bandgap-adjustable 2D nanomaterial due to their good physicochemical properties, yet the study of VPNS-based antibiotics is still in its infancy. Here, a composite of gold nanorods (AuNRs) loaded onto VPNS platforms (VPNS/AuNR) is constructed to maximize the potential of VPNSs for antimicrobial applications. The loading with AuNRs not only enhances the photothermal performance via a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect, but also enhances the light absorption capacity due to the narrowing of the band gap of the VPNSs, thus increasing the ROS generation capacity. The results demonstrate that VPNS/AuNR exhibits outstanding antibacterial properties and good biocompatibility. Attractively, VPNS/AuNR is then extensively tested for treating skin wound infections, suggesting promising in vivo antibacterial and wound-healing features. Our findings may open a novel direction to develop a versatile VPNS-based treatment platform, which can significantly boost the progress of VPNS exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiudi Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Dairy Quality and Safety Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, 235 University West Street, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Zhihao Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Haoran Bai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Dairy Quality and Safety Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, 235 University West Street, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Mengyue Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy (CNRE), School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jing Kang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Dairy Quality and Safety Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, 235 University West Street, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Ran Jia
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130023 Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Jinying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy (CNRE), School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Alideertu Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Dairy Quality and Safety Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, 235 University West Street, Hohhot 010021, China.
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Guo J, Wang L, Song K, Lu K, Li X, Zhang C. Physiological Response of Spotted Seabass ( Lateolabrax maculatus) to Different Dietary Available Phosphorus Levels and Water Temperature: Changes in Growth, Lipid Metabolism, Antioxidant Status and Intestinal Microbiota. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2128. [PMID: 38136247 PMCID: PMC10740591 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A 10-week growth experiment was conducted to assess the physiological response of spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus) raised at moderate (27 °C) and high temperatures (33 °C) to different dietary available phosphorus (P) levels. Five diets with available P levels of 0.35, 0.55, 0.71, 0.82 and 0.92% were formulated, respectively. A water temperature of 33 °C significantly decreased growth performance and feed utilization, and increased oxidative stress and lipid deposition of spotted seabass compared with 27 °C. A second-order polynomial regression analysis based on weight gain (WG) showed that the available P requirement of spotted seabass raised at 27 °C and 33 °C was 0.72% and 0.78%, respectively. The addition of 0.71-0.82% P to the diet improved the growth performance, feed utilization, and antioxidant capacity of spotted seabass and alleviated the excessive lipid deposition compared with the low-P diet (0.35% P). Moreover, the addition of 0.71-0.92% P to diets increased the diversity of intestinal microbiota and the relative abundance of Lactococcus lactis and decreased the relative abundance of Plesiomonas compared with the low-P diet. Thus, dietary supplementation with 0.71-0.82% P improved the growth performance, antioxidant capacity and microbial composition of spotted seabass, and alleviated the disturbance of lipid metabolism caused by high temperature or low-P diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (J.G.); (K.L.)
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (J.G.); (K.L.)
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Kai Song
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (J.G.); (K.L.)
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Kangle Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (J.G.); (K.L.)
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xueshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (J.G.); (K.L.)
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chunxiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (J.G.); (K.L.)
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
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Omotoso AO, Reyer H, Oster M, Ponsuksili S, Wimmers K. Jejunal microbiota of broilers fed varying levels of mineral phosphorus. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103096. [PMID: 37797492 PMCID: PMC10562922 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Efforts to achieve sustainable phosphorus (P) inputs in broiler farming which meet the physiological demand of animals include nutritional intervention strategies that have the potential to modulate and utilize endogenous and microbiota-associated capacities. A temporal P conditioning strategy in broiler nutrition is promising as it induces endocrinal and transcriptional responses to maintain mineral homeostasis. In this context, the current study aims to evaluate the composition of the jejunal microbiota as a functional entity located at the main absorption site involved in nutrient metabolism. Starting from a medium or high P supply in the first weeks of life of broilers, a depletion strategy was applied at growth intervals from d 17 to 24 and d 25 to 37 to investigate the consequences on the composition of the jejunal microbiota. The results on fecal mineral P, calcium (Ca), and phytate contents showed that the diets applied to the depleted and non-depleted cohorts were effective. Microbial diversity in jejunum was represented by alpha diversity indices which appeared unaffected between dietary groups. However, chickens assigned to the dietary P depletion groups showed significantly higher abundances of Facklamia, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae compared to non-depleted control groups. Based on current knowledge of microbial function, these microorganisms make only a minor contribution to the birds' adaptive mechanism in the jejunum following P depletion. Microbial taxa such as Brevibacterium, Brachybacterium, and genera of the Staphylococcaceae family proliferated in a P-enriched environment and might be considered biomarkers for excessive P supply in commercial broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewunmi O Omotoso
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Henry Reyer
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Michael Oster
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6b, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
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Barszcz M, Gawin K, Tuśnio A, Konopka A, Święch E, Taciak M, Skomiał J, Tokarčiková K, Čobanová K, Grešáková Ľ. Comparison between Organic and Inorganic Zinc Forms and Their Combinations with Various Dietary Fibers in Respect of the Effects on Electrolyte Concentrations and Mucosa in the Large Intestine of Pigs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16743. [PMID: 38069066 PMCID: PMC10706017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of Zn sources, used with potato fiber (PF) or lignocellulose (LC), on electrolyte concentration and the mucus layer in the large intestine of pigs. The experiment involved 24 barrows with an initial body weight of 10.8 ± 0.82 kg, divided into four groups fed the following diets: LC and ZnSO4, LC and Zn glycinate (ZnGly), PF and ZnSO4, or PF and ZnGly. Fiber supplements provided 10 g crude fiber/kg diet, while Zn additives introduced 120 mg Zn/kg diet. After four weeks of feeding, the pigs were sacrificed and digesta and tissue samples were taken from the cecum and colon. PF increased the water content and decreased the phosphorus concentration in the large intestine in comparison with LC. PF also increased calcium, iron, and chloride concentrations in the descending colon. Mucus layer thickness and histological parameters of the large intestine were not affected. ZnGly diets increased MUC12 expression in the cecum as compared to the LC-ZnSO4 group. In the ascending colon, the PF-ZnGly diet increased MUC5AC expression, while both PF groups had greater MUC20 expression in comparison with the LC-ZnSO4 group. In the transverse colon, the LC-ZnGly group and both PF groups had higher MUC5AC expression in comparison with the LC-ZnSO4 group, and both ZnGly groups had higher MUC20 expression than ZnSO4 groups. PF and ZnGly increased MUC4 and MUC5AC expression in the descending colon. PF and ZnGly may exert a beneficial effect on colon health in pigs by upregulating the expression of the MUC5AC and MUC20 genes and are more effective than LC and ZnSO4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Barszcz
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (K.G.); (A.T.); (A.K.); (E.Ś.); (J.S.)
| | - Kamil Gawin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (K.G.); (A.T.); (A.K.); (E.Ś.); (J.S.)
| | - Anna Tuśnio
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (K.G.); (A.T.); (A.K.); (E.Ś.); (J.S.)
| | - Adrianna Konopka
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (K.G.); (A.T.); (A.K.); (E.Ś.); (J.S.)
| | - Ewa Święch
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (K.G.); (A.T.); (A.K.); (E.Ś.); (J.S.)
| | - Marcin Taciak
- Division of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jacek Skomiał
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (K.G.); (A.T.); (A.K.); (E.Ś.); (J.S.)
| | - Katarina Tokarčiková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia; (K.T.); (K.Č.); (Ľ.G.)
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klaudia Čobanová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia; (K.T.); (K.Č.); (Ľ.G.)
| | - Ľubomira Grešáková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia; (K.T.); (K.Č.); (Ľ.G.)
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Uddin N, Acter T, Rashid MH, Chowdhury AI, Jahan EA. Coping with the COVID-19 pandemic by strengthening immunity as a nonpharmaceutical intervention: A major public health challenge. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1562. [PMID: 37720166 PMCID: PMC10500053 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The global Coronavirus-2 outbreak has emerged as a significant threat to majority of individuals around the world. The most effective solution for addressing this viral outbreak is through vaccination. Simultaneously, the virus's mutation capabilities pose a potential risk to the effectiveness of both vaccines and, in certain instances, newly developed drugs. Conversely, the human body's immune system exhibits a robust ability to combat viral outbreaks with substantial confidence, as evidenced by the ratio of fatalities to affected individuals worldwide. Hence, an alternative strategy to mitigate this pandemic could involve enhancing the immune system's resilience. Methods The research objective of the review is to acquire a comprehensive understanding of the role of inflammation and immunity in COVID-19. The pertinent literature concerning immune system functions, the impact of inflammation against viruses like SARS-CoV-2, and the connection between nutritional interventions, inflammation, and immunity was systematically explored. Results Enhancing immune function involves mitigating the impact of key factors that negatively influence the immune response. Strengthening the immune system against emerging diseases can be achieved through nonpharmaceutical measures such as maintaining a balanced nutrition, engaging in regular exercise, ensuring adequate sleep, and managing stress. Conclusion This review aims to convey the significance of and provide recommendations for immune-strengthening strategies amidst the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizam Uddin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Engineering, Faculty of Allied Health ScienceDaffodil International UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Thamina Acter
- Department of Mathematical and Physical SciencesEast West UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Harun‐Ar Rashid
- Department of Nutrition and Food Engineering, Faculty of Allied Health ScienceDaffodil International UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Akibul Islam Chowdhury
- Department of Nutrition and Food Engineering, Faculty of Allied Health ScienceDaffodil International UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Effat Ara Jahan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Engineering, Faculty of Allied Health ScienceDaffodil International UniversityDhakaBangladesh
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Adeshina I, Akpoilih BU, Tiamiyu LO, Badmos AA, Emikpe BO, Abdel-Tawwab M. Effects of dietary supplementation with microbial phytase on the growth, bone minerals, antioxidant status, innate immunity and disease resistance of African catfish fed on high soybean meal-based diets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:733-745. [PMID: 35979610 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The microbial phytase, derived from Buttiauxella gaviniae, Yersinia mollarettiv and Hafnia spp., is proven to be safe for avian and porcine feeding and promotes their overall growth performance. Here, we have evaluated microbial phytase's effects on the growth, bone mineral content, antioxidant status, immune responses and the resistance of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed with high soybean meal-based diets against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Five isonitrogenous diets (40% protein) were supplemented with different levels of microbial phytase ranging from 0 as a control to 250, 500, 750 and 1000 FTU/kg diet. African catfish (n = 300; 8.5 ± 0.3 g) were allocated in 15 50-L tanks (in triplicates) and were fed on the prepared tested diets for 12 weeks. After the end of the feeding period of 12 weeks, 10 fish from each replicate was intraperitoneally infected with A. hydrophila (0.5 × 105 CFU/ml) and monitored for 14 days. Dietary phytase levels linearly and quadratically improved the growth performance of African catfish and stimulated feed intake. Bone levels of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and zinc were also positively modulated in phytase-fed fish, especially at 750-1000 FTU/kg diet. Similarly, counts of red and white blood cells as well as haemoglobin, packed cells volume, platelets, lymphocytes and heterocytes were significantly modulated in all fish fed with phytase-supplemented diets. Higher levels of serum total protein, albumin and globulin were also observed in fish fed with a 750-1000 FTU/kg diet of phytase. Conversely, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activities were lower in fish fed with a 750-1000 FTU/kg diet of phytase, compared to those fed the control diet. Moreover, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase), reduced glutathione levels and immune responses (lysozyme, respiratory burst, protease and alkaline phosphatase activities) biomarkers were linearly and quadratically elevated, while malondialdehyde values were linearly and quadratically decreased in fish groups fed with phytase-based diets. After administering A. hydrophila, 60.0% of the fish fed the control diet perished, while no mortalities were observed in fish fed with 750-1000 FTU/kg diets. Taken together, the current study reveals that dietary phytase could improve the growth performance, blood profile, bone mineralization, antioxidant activities, immunity and overall protection of African catfish against A. hydrophila infection. Dietary phytase may be efficiently used in the feeding of African catfish to enhance their overall performance and mitigate health conditions with optimum level of 900 FTU/kg diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Adeshina
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Benjamin U Akpoilih
- Department of Fisheries, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Lateef O Tiamiyu
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | | | - Benjamin O Emikpe
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Mohsen Abdel-Tawwab
- Department of Fish Biology and Ecology, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Agriculture Research Center, Abbassa, Abo-Hammad, Sharqia, Egypt
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Zhao X, Wang L, Quan L. Association between dietary phosphorus intake and chronic constipation in adults: evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:24. [PMID: 36694113 PMCID: PMC9875444 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02629-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies suggest a link between micronutrients and constipation. However, the relationship between constipation and phosphorus has rarely been examined. The main aim of this study was to investigate the association between changes in the prevalence of chronic constipation and dietary phosphorus intake among adult respondents of the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES). METHODS Data were extracted from the NHANES database for the years 2005-2010. A total of 13,948 people were included in the analysis. Dietary information was collected using the respondents' 24-h dietary records. We conducted multiple logistic regression analyses to examine the correlation between phosphorus intake and poor bowel movement. The primary and secondary outcomes was constipation defined by stool consistency and stool frequency, respectively. RESULTS Following multi-variate adjustment in model III, a significant association between chronic constipation and each additional 0.1-g intake of dietary phosphorus (odds ratio [OR], 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95, 1.00; P = 0.034 for stool consistency vs. OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.90, 0.99; P = 0.027 for stool frequency) was observed. Following multi-variate adjustment in model III, OR values and 95% CI from the second to fourth quartiles compared to the first quartile (reference group) were 0.92 (0.66, 1.27), 0.73 (0.47, 1.13), and 0.39 (0.20, 0.76), respectively, using the stool frequency definition. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed a negative correlation between phosphorus intake and chronic constipation. This may be due to the fact that dietary phosphorus intake is associated with softer stools and increased stool frequency. Further studies in different settings should be considered to verify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Zhao
- grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325The First Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250013 Shandong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Lizhu Wang
- grid.479672.9Department of Anorectal, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014 Shandong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Longfang Quan
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409Department of Anorectal, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, 100091 People’s Republic of China
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Zhang L, Long S, Wang H, Piao X. Dietary 25-hydroxycholecalciferol modulates gut microbiota and improves the growth, meat quality, and antioxidant status of growing-finishing pigs. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1095509. [PMID: 36713223 PMCID: PMC9875081 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1095509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol (25OHD3) is the active metabolite of regular vitamin D3 in vivo, which has a stronger biological activity and is more easily absorbed by the intestine than regular vitamin D3. Our study aimed to detect the potential influences of 25OHD3 on pork quality, antioxidant status, and intestinal microbiota of growing-finishing pigs receiving low-phosphorus (P) diet. Methods and results Forty pigs [initial body weight (BW): 49.42 ± 4.01 kg] were allocated into two groups including low-P diet (CON group) and low-P diet supplemented with 50 μg/kg 25OHD3 (25OHD3 group). The whole experiment lasted for 88 days, including phase 1 (day 1-28), phase 2 (day 29-60), and phase 3 (day 61-88). The results showed that 25OHD3 supplementation tended to decrease feed conversion ratio in phase 3 and overall phase in comparison with the CON group. 25OHD3 increased (p < 0.05) serum contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and decreased (p < 0.05) serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase level. 25OHD3 increased (p < 0.05) mucosal GSH-Px activity in the duodenum and ileum, and tended to increase redness value and the activities of total antioxidant capacity and SOD in longissimus dorsi. 25OHD3 significantly upregulated the mRNA level of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, and tended to change the mRNA levels of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 and kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 in longissimus dorsi. Moreover, 25OHD3 supplementation decreased (p < 0.05) n-6/n-3 and iodine value in longissimus dorsi. For bone quality, 25OHD3 supplementation increased (p < 0.05) calcium content, bone mineral content, and breaking strength in the metacarpal bones. Moreover, the colonic abundance of Lactobacillus was significantly higher in pigs fed with 25OHD3, and exhibited a positive association with serum antioxidant status, pork quality, and bone characteristics. Conclusion Overall, the inclusion of 25OHD3 in low P diet partly improved production performance, meat quality, antioxidant capacity, bone properties, and gut microbiota composition of growing-finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
| | - Shenfei Long
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Hongliang Wang, ✉
| | - Xiangshu Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China,Xiangshu Piao, ✉
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Weber M, Fuchs TM. Metabolism in the Niche: a Large-Scale Genome-Based Survey Reveals Inositol Utilization To Be Widespread among Soil, Commensal, and Pathogenic Bacteria. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0201322. [PMID: 35924911 PMCID: PMC9430895 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02013-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytate is the main phosphorus storage molecule of plants and is therefore present in large amounts in the environment and in the diet of humans and animals. Its dephosphorylated form, the polyol myo-inositol (MI), can be used by bacteria as a sole carbon and energy source. The biochemistry and regulation of MI degradation were deciphered in Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella enterica, but a systematic survey of this catabolic pathway has been missing until now. For a comprehensive overview of the distribution of MI utilization, we analyzed 193,757 bacterial genomes, representing a total of 24,812 species, for the presence, organization, and taxonomic prevalence of inositol catabolic gene clusters (IolCatGCs). The genetic capacity for MI degradation was detected in 7,384 (29.8%) of all species for which genome sequences were available. IolCatGC-positive species were particularly found among Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria and to a much lesser extent in Bacteroidetes. IolCatGCs are very diverse in terms of gene number and functions, whereas the order of core genes is highly conserved on the phylum level. We predict that 111 animal pathogens, more than 200 commensals, and 430 plant pathogens or rhizosphere bacteria utilize MI, underscoring that IolCatGCs provide a growth benefit within distinct ecological niches. IMPORTANCE This study reveals that the capacity to utilize inositol is unexpectedly widespread among soil, commensal, and pathogenic bacteria. We assume that this yet-neglected metabolism plays a pivotal role in the microbial turnover of phytate and inositols. The bioinformatic tool established here enables predicting to which extent and genetic variance a bacterial determinant is present in all genomes sequenced so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Weber
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut/Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Jena, Germany
| | - Thilo M. Fuchs
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut/Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Jena, Germany
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Gubatan J, Boye TL, Temby M, Sojwal RS, Holman DR, Sinha SR, Rogalla SR, Nielsen OH. Gut Microbiome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Role in Pathogenesis, Dietary Modulation, and Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1371. [PMID: 35889090 PMCID: PMC9316834 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome has increasingly been recognized as a critical and central factor in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here, we review specific microorganisms that have been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of IBD and the current state of fecal microbial transplants as a therapeutic strategy in IBD. We discuss specific nutritional and dietary interventions in IBD and their effects on gut microbiota composition. Finally, we examine the role and mechanisms of the gut microbiome in mediating colitis-associated colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Gubatan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (M.T.); (R.S.S.); (D.R.H.); (S.R.S.); (S.R.R.)
| | - Theresa Louise Boye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2730 Copenhagen, Denmark; (T.L.B.); or (O.H.N.)
| | - Michelle Temby
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (M.T.); (R.S.S.); (D.R.H.); (S.R.S.); (S.R.R.)
| | - Raoul S. Sojwal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (M.T.); (R.S.S.); (D.R.H.); (S.R.S.); (S.R.R.)
| | - Derek R. Holman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (M.T.); (R.S.S.); (D.R.H.); (S.R.S.); (S.R.R.)
| | - Sidhartha R. Sinha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (M.T.); (R.S.S.); (D.R.H.); (S.R.S.); (S.R.R.)
| | - Stephan R. Rogalla
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (M.T.); (R.S.S.); (D.R.H.); (S.R.S.); (S.R.R.)
| | - Ole Haagen Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2730 Copenhagen, Denmark; (T.L.B.); or (O.H.N.)
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Adequacy of Hemodialysis Serves as an Independent Predictor of Humoral Response to ChAdOx1 Prime-Boost Vaccination in Hemodialysis Patients. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061149. [PMID: 35746621 PMCID: PMC9229890 DOI: 10.3390/v14061149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Immune response assessed by the quantification of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and predictors associated with immunogenicity after the prime-boost ChAdOx1 (Oxford−AstraZeneca) COVID-19 vaccine in hemodialysis (HD) patients remains unclear. Methods: This prospective study enrolled 174 HD patients and 67 healthy subjects to evaluate antibodies against the spike protein 1 and receptor-binding domain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 after prime-booster vaccination, by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and applied spline-based generalized additive model regression analysis to predict 50% neutralization titer (NT50). The correlation between HD parameters and NT50 was analyzed. Results: NT50 was lower in HD patients compared with healthy controls after the prime-boost dose (p < 0.001). The geometric mean titer ratios were higher in first-dose seronegative than in the seropositive subgroup in HD patients and healthy controls (6.96 vs. 2.36, p = 0.002, and 9.28 vs. 1.26, p = 0.011, respectively). After two doses of ChAdOx1, one-way ANOVA showed that Ca × P was positively associated with NT50 (p trend = 0.043) and multiple linear regression showed the similar results (p = 0.021). Kt/V (a quantification of dialysis adequacy) (OR = 20.295, p = 0.005) could independently predict seroconversion (NT50 ≥ 35.13 IU/mL). Conclusion: Adequacy of hemodialysis could independently predict seroconversion in HD subjects vaccinated with prime-boost doses of ChAdOx1.
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Heyer CME, Fouhse JM, Vasanthan T, Zijlstra RT. Cereal grain fiber composition modifies phosphorus digestibility in grower pigs. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6586060. [PMID: 35569054 PMCID: PMC9169987 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Increased fermentable carbohydrates (e.g., β-glucan, amylose) may increase endogenous losses including for P, and thereby reduce apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of P. The present study assessed effects of barley cultivars varying in fermentable starch and fiber on apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and ATTD of P, myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis (dihydrogen phosphate; InsP6) and Ca, and standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P and the presence of lower inositol phosphates (InsP) compared to wheat. In a 6 (period) × 5 (diet) Youden square, 7 ileal-cannulated barrows (initial BW, 27.7 kg) were fed diets containing 80% of 1 of 5 cereal grains differing in amylose, β-glucan, and fiber content: 1) high-fermentable, high-β-glucan, hull-less barley (HFB); 2) high-fermentable, high-amylose, hull-less barley (HFA); 3) moderate-fermentable, hull-less barley (MFB); 4) low-fermentable, hulled barley (LFB); and 5) low-fermentable, hard red spring wheat (LFW). On dry matter (DM) basis, cereal grains contained between 0.32 to 0.53% total P and 0.24 to 0.50% InsP6-P. The InsP6-2-P was calculated as the sum of all detected InsP-P (InsP6-P to InsP2-P) in the sample. The P release of degraded InsP-P was calculated by using the following equation: sum InsP6-2-Pdiet (g/kg DM) × (AID or ATTD sum InsP6-2-P (%) / 100). Data were analyzed using a mixed model with diet as fixed effect, and pig and period as random effects. On DM basis, diets contained 41.4 to 50.6% starch, 0.88 to 8.54% β-glucan, 0.81 to 0.89% total P, and 0.19 to 0.35% InsP6-P. The MFB, LFB, and LFW had greater (P < 0.05) diet AID of P than HFB and HFA, and MFB had greater (P < 0.05) diet ATTD and STTD of P than HFB. The ATTD of InsP6-P was greater (P < 0.05) for HFB than LFB and the ATTD of the sum InsP6-2-P was greater (P < 0.05) for HFB and HFA than LFB. Total tract P release was greater (P < 0.001) for HFB, HFA, and LFW than MFB and LFB. The LFW had greater (P < 0.05) ATTD of Ca than LFB. Diet β-glucan content was not correlated with STTD of P (R 2 = 0.03) or ATTD of InsP6 (R 2 = 0.05). In conclusion, cereal grains high in fermentable fiber, e.g., amylose and β-glucans included in specific hull-less barley cultivars, had lower diet AID, ATTD, and STTD of P, but greater ATTD of InsP6-P and sum InsP6-2-P. Carbohydrate fermentation thus results in greater total tract P release from InsP-P hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M E Heyer
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Janelle M Fouhse
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Thava Vasanthan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Ruurd T Zijlstra
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
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Growth Performance, Bone Development and Phosphorus Metabolism in Chicks Fed Diets Supplemented with Phytase Are Associated with Alterations in Gut Microbiota. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070940. [PMID: 35405927 PMCID: PMC8997062 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Phosphorus is a crucial component of nucleic acids, phospholipids, several coenzymes and bone, and plays numerous roles in nutrient metabolism in animals. We investigated the growth performance, bone development, phosphorus metabolism and gut microbiota changes elicited by different phosphorus levels with/without phytase in chicks during the brooding period. Low-phosphorus diets inhibited growth performance and bone development, decreased utilization of phosphorus and altered gut microbial structure and function in the brooding stage of chicks. Inclusion of phytase improved growth performance and bone development and decreased phosphorus emission. The potential mechanisms may be associated with gut microbiota reprogramming. Abstract Phosphorus pollution caused by animal husbandry is becoming increasingly problematic, especially where decreasing and non-renewable phosphorus resources are concerned. We investigated the growth performance, bone development, phosphorus metabolism and gut microbiota changes elicited by different phosphorus levels with/without phytase in chicks during the brooding period (1–42 d). Five-hundred-and-forty (540) egg-laying chickens were assigned to six groups (0.13% NPP, 0.29% NPP, 0.45% NPP, 0.13% NPP + P, 0.29% NPP + P and 0.45% NPP + P) according to a factorial design with three non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) levels (0.13, 0.29 and 0.45%) and two phytase (P) dosages (0 and 200 FTU/kg). Chicks fed with the diet with 0.13% NPP had the lowest body weight, average daily gain, shank length, average daily feed intake and highest ratio of feed to gain, while phytase supplementation was able to mitigate the adverse effects of low-phosphorus diets on growth performance. Moreover, phosphorus metabolism was affected by different dietary NPP and phytase levels. Thus, 0.13% NPP significantly reduced serum phosphorus, while phytase supplementation significantly increased serum phosphorus. Notably, phosphorus utilization in the 0.13% NPP group was significantly decreased and the phosphorus excretion ratio was increased. Phytase supplementation significantly improved phosphorus utilization by 43.79% and decreased phosphorus emission in the 0.13% NPP group but not in the 0.29% NPP or the 0.45% NPP group. Remarkably, the alpha diversity of gut microbiota was significantly decreased in the low-phosphorus group, while phytase supplementation increased alpha diversity and improved gut microbial community and function. The LEfSe analysis revealed that several differential genera (e.g., Bacteroides, norank_f__Clostridiales_vadinBB60_group and Eggerthella) were enriched in the different dietary NPP and phytase levels. Furthermore, correlations between differential genera and several crucial phenotypes suggested that the enrichment of beneficial bacteria with different levels of phosphorus and phytase promoted phosphorus utilization in the foregut and hindgut. In summary, low-phosphorus diets inhibited growth performance and bone development, decreased utilization of phosphorus and altered gut microbial structure and function in the brooding stage of chicks. Finally, phytase supplementation improves growth performance and bone development and decreases phosphorus emission, and the potential mechanisms may be associated with the reprogramming of gut microbiota.
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Zhang L, Yang M, Piao X. Effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 on growth performance, serum parameters, fecal microbiota, and metabolites in weaned piglets fed diets with low calcium and phosphorus. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:597-606. [PMID: 34148242 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the development of intensive farming, long-term exposure of pigs to poor light conditions is not conducive to the production of vitamin D3 , and vitamin D3 deficiency could affect absorption and metabolism of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P). 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3 ) has higher bioactivity than regular vitamin D3 . This study investigated the effects of 25OHD3 on performance, serum parameters, fecal microbiota, and metabolites in weaned piglets fed with low Ca-P diet. RESULTS It was found that a low Ca-P diet supplemented with 50 μg/kg 25OHD3 (NC + 25-D) improved (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) in phase 2 and in the overall period of the experiment, and increased (P < 0.05) the immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA), catalase (CAT), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), and osteocalcin (OC) serum content on day 28 compared with a low Ca-P diet (NC), but no differences were observed between a normal Ca-P diet (PC) and the NC + 25-D diet. Compared with NC, the abundance of Firmicutes was higher (P < 0.05) in PC and NC + 25-D. NC + 25-D decreased (P < 0.05) the abundance of Streptococcaceae compared with PC and NC, and increased (P < 0.05) the abundance of Lachnospiraceae compared with NC. Serum 25OHD3 was negatively correlated with the abundance of fecal Streptococcaceae (P < 0.05), and positively correlated with the abundance of fecal Lachnospiraceae (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Supplementation of 25OHD3 in a low Ca-P diet improved serum immunity, bone biochemical parameters, and fecal microbiota such as decreased Streptococcaceae abundance and increased Lachnospiraceae abundance, which could subsequently promote growth of piglets. The effects were similar to that of a normal Ca-P diet. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangshu Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Ye G, Yang W, Bi Z, Huang L, Liu F. Effects of a high-phosphorus diet on the gut microbiota in CKD rats. Ren Fail 2021; 43:1577-1587. [PMID: 34861810 PMCID: PMC8648004 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2021.2003207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether high-phosphorus diets alter gut microbiota in healthy rats and chronic kidney disease (CKD) rats. METHODS In this 4-week randomized controlled trial, healthy rats and CKD rats were fed a regular-phosphorus (Pi: 0.8%) and high-phosphorus (Pi: 1.2%) diet. The subjects were divided into four groups: sham-group rats with regular-phosphorus diet intervention (CTL group), sham-group rats with high-phosphorus diet intervention (CTLP group), CKD model rats with regular-phosphorus diet intervention (CKD group), and CKD model rats with high-phosphorus diet intervention (CKDP group). The V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced to study the effect of a high-phosphorus diet on gut microbiota. RESULTS A high-phosphorus intervention increased systolic blood pressure (SBP) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in CTL and CKD rats but did not change serum creatinine and 25(OH)D levels. After the high-phosphorus diet, serum phosphate and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) increased in the CKDP group compared with the CKD group. The gut microbiota was significantly altered after intervention with a high-phosphorus diet in CTL and CKD group rats. A high-phosphorus diet reduced the Shannon index values of gut microbiota in all rats. The Chao1 and Ace indexes were decreased in the CTL group after high-phosphorus diet intervention. Some microbial genera were elevated significantly after high-phosphorus dietary intervention, such as Blautia and Allobaculum. The main bacteria linked to SBP and FGF23 also correlated directly with creatinine. After high-phosphorus diet intervention, the bacteria Prevotella were positively related to SBP in CTLP and CKDP groups. CONCLUSIONS High-phosphorus diets were associated with adverse changes in gut microbiota and elevated SBP, which may have adverse consequences for long-term health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Ye
- Department of Geriatrics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Yang
- School of Health Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaori Bi
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liya Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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The gut microbiota and microbial metabolites are associated with tail biting in pigs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20547. [PMID: 34654857 PMCID: PMC8521594 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99741-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tail biting is an abnormal behaviour that causes stress, injury and pain. Given the critical role of the gut-microbiota in the development of behavioural problems in humans and animals, the aim of this study was to determine whether pigs that are biters, victims of tail biting or controls (nine matched sets of pigs) have a different microbiota composition, diversity and microbial metabolite profile. We collected faecal and blood samples from each individual for analysis. The gut microbiota composition was most different between the biter and the control pigs, with a higher relative abundance of Firmicutes in tail biter pigs than the controls. Furthermore, we detected differences in faecal and plasma short chain fatty acids (SCFA) profiles between the biter and victim pigs, suggesting physiological differences even though they are kept in the same pen. Thus, in addition to supporting an association between the gut microbiota and tail biting in pigs, this study also provides the first evidence of an association between tail biting and SCFA. Therefore, further research is needed to confirm these associations, to determine causality and to study how the SCFA profiles of an individual play a role in the development of tail biting behaviour.
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Zhang L, Liu H, Liu S, Piao X. Dietary supplementation with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and phytase in growing-finishing pigs: II. Effects on intestinal antioxidant status, immunity and bone quality. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mineral Phosphorus Supply in Piglets Impacts the Microbial Composition and Phytate Utilization in the Large Intestine. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061197. [PMID: 34205896 PMCID: PMC8227959 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A sufficient supply of phosphorus (P) to pigs in livestock farming is based on the optimal use of plant-based phytate and mineral P supplements to ensure proper growth processes and bone stability. However, a high P supplementation might bear the risk of higher environmental burden due to the occurrence of excess P and phytate degradation products in manure. In this context, the intestinal microbiota is of central importance to increase P solubility, to employ non-mineral P by the enzymatic degradation of phytate, and to metabolize residual P. A feeding experiment was conducted in which piglets were fed diets with different P levels, resulting in three groups with low, medium (covering requirements), and high concentrations of available P. Samples from caecum and colon digesta were analysed for microbial composition and phytate breakdown to estimate the microbial contribution to metabolize P sources. In terms of identified operational taxonomic units (OTU), caecum and colon digesta under the three feeding schemes mainly overlap in their core microbiome. Nevertheless, different microbial families correlate with increased dietary P supply. Specifically, microbes of Desulfovibrionaceae, Pasteurellaceae, Anaerovoracaceae, and Methanobacteriaceae were found significantly differentially abundant in the large intestine across the dietary treatments. Moreover, members of the families Veillonellaceae, Selenomonadaceae, and Succinivibrionaceae might contribute to the observed phytate degradation in animals fed a low P diet. In this sense, the targeted manipulation of the intestinal microbiota by feeding measures offers possibilities for the optimization of intestinal phytate and P utilization.
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Phosphate, Microbiota and CKD. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041273. [PMID: 33924419 PMCID: PMC8070653 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphate is a key uremic toxin associated with adverse outcomes. As chronic kidney disease (CKD) progresses, the kidney capacity to excrete excess dietary phosphate decreases, triggering compensatory endocrine responses that drive CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Eventually, hyperphosphatemia develops, and low phosphate diet and phosphate binders are prescribed. Recent data have identified a potential role of the gut microbiota in mineral bone disorders. Thus, parathyroid hormone (PTH) only caused bone loss in mice whose microbiota was enriched in the Th17 cell-inducing taxa segmented filamentous bacteria. Furthermore, the microbiota was required for PTH to stimulate bone formation and increase bone mass, and this was dependent on bacterial production of the short-chain fatty acid butyrate. We review current knowledge on the relationship between phosphate, microbiota and CKD-MBD. Topics include microbial bioactive compounds of special interest in CKD, the impact of dietary phosphate and phosphate binders on the gut microbiota, the modulation of CKD-MBD by the microbiota and the potential therapeutic use of microbiota to treat CKD-MBD through the clinical translation of concepts from other fields of science such as the optimization of phosphorus utilization and the use of phosphate-accumulating organisms.
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21
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Li XJ, Wang M, Xue Y, Duan D, Li C, Ye J, Han X, Qiao R, Wang K, Li XL. Characterization and comparison of the bacterial community between complete intensive and extensive feeding patterns in pigs. AMB Express 2021; 11:32. [PMID: 33630191 PMCID: PMC7907295 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01191-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate and compare the gut microbiota structures in complete intensive feeding pattern (CP) and extensive feeding pattern (EP) groups, a total of 20 pigs were divided into two groups and fed the same diet. The fecal microbial composition was profiled using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Our results showed that seventeen predominant genera were present in each pig sample and constituted the phylogenetic core of the microbiota at the class level. The abundance of most of the core microbial flora were significantly higher in the CP group than in the EP group (P < 0.05), while the abundance of Gammaproteobacteria was significantly lower in the CP group than in the EP group (P < 0.05). The CP group had significantly greater community diversity, richness, and evenness than the EP group (P < 0.05). Functional prediction analysis indicated that intestinal microbial species potentially led to faster growth and an increased fat accumulation capacity in the CP group; however, disease resistance was weaker in the CP group than in the EP group. In conclusion, EP pigs have a wider range of activity and better animal welfare than CP pigs, which helps reduce the occurrence of diseases and neurological symptoms. To explore the effect of intestinal flora on disease resistance in pigs at the molecular level, Coprococcus, which is a key gut bacterium in the intestine, was selected for isolation and purification and cocultured with intestinal epithelial cells. qPCR was performed to determine the effect of Coprococcus on SLA-DRB gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells. The results showed that Coprococcus enhanced SLA-DRB gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells. The results provide useful reference data for further study on the relationship between intestinal flora and pig disease resistance.
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22
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Becker SL, Gould SA, Petry AL, Kellesvig LM, Patience JF. Adverse effects on growth performance and bone development in nursery pigs fed diets marginally deficient in phosphorus with increasing calcium to available phosphorus ratios. J Anim Sci 2021; 98:5917806. [PMID: 33011771 PMCID: PMC7751169 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the growth performance and bone mineral content (BMC) of nursery pigs in response to increasing total calcium (Ca) to available phosphorus (aP) ratios in diets containing phytase (250 FTU/kg; Natuphos E, BASF, Florham Park, NJ). A total of 480 nursery pigs (body weight (BW) = 5.7 ± 0.6 kg) with 10 pigs per pen and 7 pens per treatment (6 pens fed 2.75:1 diet) were allotted to seven treatments consisting of increasing ratios of calcium to available phosphorus (Ca:aP): 1.25, 1.50, 1.75, 2.00, 2.25, 2.50, and 2.75. From day −7 to 0, pigs were fed a common diet. They were then fed the treatment diets during two experimental phases from day 1 to 14 and 15 to 28, respectively. Available P was formulated to 0.33% and 0.27% (approximately 90% of requirement) in dietary phases 1 and 2, respectively. BW, average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) were determined. BMC of the femur was measured on day 28 on one pig per pen using dual x-ray absorptiometry. Data were analyzed as a linear mixed model using PROC MIXED (SAS, 9.3). Orthogonal polynomial contrasts were used to determine the linear and quadratic effects of increasing the Ca:aP. Over the 28-d experimental period, increasing Ca:aP resulted in a linear decrease in ADG (353, 338, 328, 304, 317, 291, and 280 g/d; P < 0.01), ADFI (539, 528, 528, 500, 533, 512, and 489 g/d; P < 0.05), and G:F (0.68, 0.66, 0.64, 0.62, 0.61, 0.59, and 0.58; P < 0.01). Increasing Ca:aP also resulted in decreased BW on days 14 and 28 (P < 0.01). The BMC of the femur decreased with increasing Ca:aP (6.2, 6.3, 5.7, 5.9, 5.5, 5.6, and 5.3 g; P < 0.05). Regression analysis explained the impact of Ca:aP as follows on ADG (ADG [g/d] = 339 − 36x; r2 = 0.81), G:F (G:F = 0.61 – 0.03x; r2 = 0.72), and BMC (BMC [g] = 6.4 – 0.27x; r2 = 0.43), where x is the Ca:aP. In conclusion, all outcomes indicated that any level of calcium above the minimum used in this experiment impaired growth performance and skeletal development. Further research using even lower levels of dietary Ca is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stacie A Gould
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.,Iowa Pork Industry Center, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Amy L Petry
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | | | - John F Patience
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.,Iowa Pork Industry Center, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
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An J, Cho J. Wheat phytase can alleviate the cellular toxic and inflammatory effects of lipopolysaccharide. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:114-124. [PMID: 33987589 PMCID: PMC7882845 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize the enzymatic hydrolysis of
lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by wheat phytase and to investigate the effects of
wheat phytase-treated LPS on in vitro toxicity, cell viability
and release of a pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-8 by target cells
compared with the intact LPS. The phosphatase activity of wheat phytase towards
LPS was investigated in the presence or absence of inhibitors such as
L-phenylalanine and L-homoarginine. In vitro toxicity of LPS
hydrolyzed with wheat phytase in comparison to intact LPS was assessed. Cell
viability in human aortic endothelial (HAE) cells exposed to LPS treated with
wheat phytase in comparison to intact LPS was measured. The release of IL-8 in
human intestinal epithelial cell line, HT-29 cells applied to LPS treated with
wheat phytase in comparison to intact LPS was assayed. Wheat phytase hydrolyzed
LPS, resulting in a significant release of inorganic phosphate for 1 h
(p < 0.05). Furthermore, the degradation of LPS by
wheat phytase was nearly unaffected by the addition of L-phenylalanine, the
inhibitor of tissue-specific alkaline phosphatase or L-homoarginine, the
inhibitor of tissue-non-specific alkaline phosphatase. Wheat phytase effectively
reduced the in vitro toxicity of LPS, resulting in a retention
of 63% and 54% of its initial toxicity after 1–3 h of the enzyme
reaction, respectively (p < 0.05). Intact LPS decreased
the cell viability of HAE cells. However, LPS dephosphorylated by wheat phytase
counteracted the inhibitory effect on cell viability. LPS treated with wheat
phytase decreased IL-8 secretion from intestinal epithelial cell line, HT-29
cell to 14% (p < 0.05) when compared with intact LPS. In
conclusion, wheat phytase is a potential therapeutic candidate and prophylactic
agent for control of infections induced by pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria and
associated LPS-mediated inflammatory diseases in animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin An
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jaiesoon Cho
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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Hofmann T, Schmucker S, Sommerfeld V, Huber K, Rodehutscord M, Stefanski V. Immunomodulatory Effects of Dietary Phosphorus and Calcium in Two Strains of Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11010129. [PMID: 33430096 PMCID: PMC7826506 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Phosphorus and calcium are essential nutrients for body functions including the immune system and are generally supplemented to poultry diets. Phosphorus is also present in plant feedstuffs, bound as phytate, which can be used by enzymatic hydrolyzation in the chicken. A reduction of dietary mineral phosphorus might consequently be conceivable, without negatively influencing the immune system. The high concentration of calcium in diets for laying hens that is needed for eggshell formation may inhibit phytate degrading enzymes, and thus, decrease phosphorus availability for the hen. Both phytate degradation and several immune parameters are known to be strain-specific, making an interaction of the genetic background and the dietary phosphorus and calcium supply with the immune system likely. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of reduced concentrations of dietary phosphorus and calcium on the peripheral and gut-associated immune system in two laying hen strains. Reduced mineral phosphorus enhanced, while reduced calcium reduced several immune parameters. The two strains showed differences in many immune parameters, but only the impact of dietary phosphorus was influenced by the genetic background. These results suggest that dietary phosphorus and calcium supply may strain-specifically influence immune defense and protection against infection in chicken. Abstract Insufficient nutrient supply can impair the immune system, which is important for animal health and welfare. Since chicken can partly hydrolyze phytate, which is the primary phosphorus storage in plant seeds, a reduction of mineral phosphorus in the diets could be an option for more sustainable egg production. Laying hens require high concentrations of calcium that might inhibit the function of endogenous enzymes for phytate hydrolyzation. The objective of this study was to characterize the impact of standard and reduced dietary phosphorus and calcium concentrations on the number and functionality of immune cells in the peripheral and gut-associated immune system in a white and brown laying hen strain. Reduced mineral phosphorus enhanced several immune parameters such as B cells in blood and IgA concentrations in bile in both strains, and peripheral monocytes and γδ T cells in cecal tonsils in brown hens. Reduced calcium levels resulted in lower numbers of T cells in blood and cecal tonsils in both strains, suggesting negative effects on adaptive immunity. Differences between the two strains were found in almost all immune parameters. Results suggest a potentially beneficial effect of reduced dietary mineral phosphorus on the immune system that is dependent on the genetic background.
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Dietary Phytase- and Lactic Acid-Treated Cereals Caused Greater Taxonomic Adaptations than Functional Adaptations in the Cecal Metagenome of Growing Pigs. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 87:AEM.02240-20. [PMID: 33097516 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02240-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for the gut bacteria and the host. Nevertheless, little information exists that indicates to what extent an improved level of P availability in the small intestine leads to functional adaptations in bacterial metabolic pathways in the large intestine. Therefore, we investigated the changes in the taxonomic and functional bacterial metagenome in cecal digesta of growing pigs fed diets containing phytase and/or cereals treated with 2.5% lactic acid (LA) for 19 days (n = 8/diet) using shotgun metagenome sequencing. The phytase supplementation resulted in strikingly distinct bacterial communities, affecting almost all major bacterial families, whereas functional changes were less dramatic among the feeding groups. While phytase treatment decreased predominant Prevotellaceae levels, it seemed that Clostridiaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae filled the opening metabolic niches (P < 0.05). The LA-treated cereals mediated reduced levels of Bacteroidaceae and increased levels of Veillonellaceae, but those results were mainly seen when the cereals were fed as a single treatment (P < 0.05). In association with the taxonomic alterations, phytase caused changes within the major functional pathways corresponding to amino acid metabolism; translation; membrane transport; folding, sorting, and degradation; and energy metabolism, whereas the LA treatment of cereals resulted in decreased enzymatic capacities within the carbohydrate metabolism and energy metabolism pathways (P < 0.05). Metabolic dependencies corresponding to the starch and sucrose metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and citrate cycle pathways were indicated by diet-associated changes in enzymatic capacities related to short-chain fatty acid, methane, vitamin, and bacterial antigen synthesis. Accordingly, the present results support the idea of the importance of the availability of intestinal P for bacterial metabolism. However, the functional profiles were less different than the taxonomic profiles among the dietary treatment results, indicating a certain degree of metabolic plasticity within the cecal metagenome.IMPORTANCE Dietary strategies (e.g., phytase supplementation and lactic acid [LA] treatment of cereals) used to improve the availability of phytate-phosphorus (P) from pig feed reduce the amount of P flowing into the large intestine, whereas LA treatment-induced changes in nutrient fractions alter the substrate being available to the microbiota. In ruminants, lower intestinal P availability compromises the fibrolytic activity of the microbiome. Here, we report that the functional capacities were less dramatically affected than the taxonomic composition by phytase-supplemented and LA-treated cereals. The bacterial community appeared to be partly capable of functionally compensating for the altered flow of P by replacing taxa with higher P needs by those with lower P needs. Therefore, by acting as mucosal immune stimulants, alterations in microbiota-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) due to the taxonomic shifts may play a greater role for host physiology and health than functional differences caused by differing intestinal P availabilities, which merits further research.
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Alagawany M, Abd El-Hack ME, Ashour EA, El-Sayed SA, Ahmed SYA, El-Kholy MS. Consequences of varying dietary calcium and phosphorus levels on lipid profile, antioxidant and immunity parameters of growing Egyptian geese. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1848464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Elwy A. Ashour
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sabry A. El-Sayed
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sarah Y. A. Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. El-Kholy
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Cheng L, Cai Z, Zhao J, Wang F, Lu M, Deng L, Cui W. Black phosphorus-based 2D materials for bone therapy. Bioact Mater 2020; 5:1026-1043. [PMID: 32695934 PMCID: PMC7355388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery, Black Phosphorus (BP)-based nanomaterials have received extensive attentions in the fields of electromechanics, optics and biomedicine, due to their remarkable properties and excellent biocompatibility. The most essential feature of BP is that it is composed of a single phosphorus element, which has a high degree of homology with the inorganic components of natural bone, therefore it has a full advantage in the treatment of bone defects. This review will first introduce the source, physicochemical properties, and degradation products of BP, then introduce the remodeling process of bone, and comprehensively summarize the progress of BP-based materials for bone therapy in the form of hydrogels, polymer membranes, microspheres, and three-dimensional (3D) printed scaffolds. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects of BP-based implant materials in bone immune regulation and outlook the future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Zhengwei Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Translation on Orthopedic Biomaterials, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1518 North Huancheng Road, Jiaxing 314000, PR China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Min Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Lianfu Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Translation on Orthopedic Biomaterials, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1518 North Huancheng Road, Jiaxing 314000, PR China
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Upadhaya SD, Kim IH. Importance of micronutrients in bone health of monogastric animals and techniques to improve the bioavailability of micronutrient supplements - A review. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020; 33:1885-1895. [PMID: 32164057 PMCID: PMC7649403 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vitamins and minerals categorized as micronutrients are the essential components of animal feed for maintaining health and improving immunity. Micronutrients are important bioactive molecules and cofactors of enzymes as well. Besides being cofactors for enzymes, some vitamins such as the fat-soluble vitamins, vitamin A and D have been shown to exhibit hormone-like functions. Although they are required in small amount, they play an influential role in the proper functioning of a number of enzymes which are involved in many metabolic, biochemical and physiological processes that contribute to growth, production and health. Micronutrients can potentially have a positive impact on bone health, preventing bone loss and fractures, decreasing bone resorption and increasing bone formation. Thus, micronutrients must be provided to livestock in optimal concentrations and according to requirements that change during the rapid growth and development of the animal and the production cycle. The supply of nutrients to the animal body not only depends on the amount of the nutrient in a food, but also on its bioavailability. The bioavailability of these micronutrients is affected by several factors. Therefore, several technologies such as nanoparticle, encapsulation, and chelation have been developed to improve the bioavailability of micronutrients associated with bone health. The intention of this review is to provide an updated overview of the importance of micronutrients on bone health and methods applied to improve their bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santi Devi Upadhaya
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
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Stress-Induced Phosphaturia in Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122220. [PMID: 33256062 PMCID: PMC7761182 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The weaning period is a critical period in piglets’ lives. Multiple elements, including diet change, social stress, handling, and change of physical environment, contribute to enormous stress that has health implications. This period has been studied extensively in the past, but some gaps in our knowledge remain. We attempted to fill them by biochemical characterizations of the changes in blood and urine before and after the weaning. The major finding is the observation of the release of phosphate in the urine in the apparent absence of a factor other than weaning. This release is followed by the drop of the phosphate in the blood. Additionally, we observed a population-level Bohr effect, suggesting a decrease in oxygen levels in the tissues. These results point to the development of systemic hypophosphatemia, even though modern diets used in pig breeding have an excess of phosphorus typically. This study sheds new light on the weaning period and will help researchers and veterinary practices in improving design studies and treatments around that time. Abstract The weaning period in piglets draws significant attention from researchers, veterinarians, and breeders. A substantial change in diet accompanied by enormous stress has health and welfare implications (abnormal feeding intake, infections, umbilical lesions, etc.). While the parameters like optimal age or weight for the weaning have been studied extensively, relatively less attention has been devoted to the study of stress effects in the piglets’ biochemistry. As one of the effects of stress is hyperventilation, a gasometric analysis supported by measurements of hypoxia biomarkers was conducted. Piglets blood and urine, one day and seven days before and one day and seven days after the weaning, were tested. There was no evidence of hyperventilation, but phosphaturia and hypophosphatemia were observed one and seven days postweaning, respectively. A statistical analysis across the population also pointed to minor tissue hypoxia. Our work contributes to an understanding of biochemical dynamics and helps in the interpretation of physiological changes observed in piglets in this critical period.
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Wubuli A, Gerlinger C, Reyer H, Oster M, Muráni E, Trakooljul N, Ponsuksili S, Wolf P, Wimmers K. Reduced phosphorus intake throughout gestation and lactation of sows is mitigated by transcriptional adaptations in kidney and intestine. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:626. [PMID: 32917128 PMCID: PMC7488499 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The environmental impact of pig farming need to be reduced, with phosphorus (P) being of particular interest. Specified dietary regimens and management systems contribute to meet environmental concerns and reduce economic constrains. However, pregnant and lactating sows represent vulnerable individuals, whose reproductive potential and metabolic health status relies on adequate supply of macro- and micronutrients. The aim of this study was to investigate, whether sows fed with a dietary P content that is below or above current recommendations are capable to maintain mineral homeostasis during the reproduction cycle and which endogenous mechanisms are retrieved therefore in kidney and jejunum. Nulliparous gilts were fed iso-energetic diets with recommended (M), reduced (L), or high (H) amounts of mineral P supplements throughout gestation and lactation periods. Blood metabolites and hormones referring to the P homeostasis were retrieved prior to term (110 days of gestation) and at weaning (28 days of lactation). Transcriptional responses in kidney cortex and jejunal mucosa were analyzed using RNA sequencing. Results The variable dietary P content neither led to an aberration on fertility traits such as total weaned piglets nor to an effect on the weight pattern throughout gestation and lactation. Serum parameters revealed a maintained P homeostasis as reflected by unaltered inorganic P and calcium levels in L and H fed groups. The serum calcitriol levels were increased in lactating L sows. The endocrine responses to the dietary challenge were reflected at the transcriptional level. L diets led to an increase in CYP27B1 expression in the kidney compared to the H group and to an altered gene expression associated with lipid metabolism in the kidney and immune response in the jejunum. Conclusions Our results suggest that current P requirements for gestating and lactating sows are sufficient and over supplementation of mineral P is not required. Shifts in renal and jejunal expression patterns between L and H groups indicate an affected intermediate metabolism, which long-term relevance needs to be further clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisanjiang Wubuli
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Christian Gerlinger
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.,Nutritional Physiology and Animal Nutrition, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6b, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Henry Reyer
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Michael Oster
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Eduard Muráni
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Nares Trakooljul
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Petra Wolf
- Nutritional Physiology and Animal Nutrition, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6b, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany. .,Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 7, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
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Behera J, Ison J, Tyagi SC, Tyagi N. The role of gut microbiota in bone homeostasis. Bone 2020; 135:115317. [PMID: 32169602 PMCID: PMC8457311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM) is referred to as the second gene pool of the human body and a commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganism living in our intestines. The knowledge of the complex interaction between intestinal microbiota and health outcomes is a novel and rapidly expanding the field. Earlier studies have reported that the microbial communities affect the cellular responses and shape many aspects of physiology and pathophysiology within the body, including muscle and bone metabolism (formation and resorption). GM influences the skeletal homeostasis via affecting the host metabolism, immune function, hormone secretion, and the gut-brain axis. The premise of this review is to discuss the role of GM on bone homeostasis and skeletal muscle mass function. This review also opens up new perspectives for pathophysiological studies by establishing the presence of a 'microbiota-skeletal' axis and raising the possibility of innovative new treatments for skeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirmaya Behera
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jessica Ison
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Neetu Tyagi
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Ziółkowska E, Bogucka J, Dankowiakowska A, Rawski M, Mazurkiewicz J, Stanek M. Effects of a Trans-Galactooligosaccharide on Biochemical Blood Parameters and Intestine Morphometric Parameters of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10040723. [PMID: 32326315 PMCID: PMC7222780 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prebiotics are important feed additives used in aquaculture. These are substances that are breeding grounds for beneficial bacteria and that inhibit the development of pathogens; accelerate healing and regeneration of the intestinal epithelium; increase mucus production; help maintain normal pH in the intestine; limit the growth of pathogenic bacteria; increase calcium, iron and magnesium absorption; and also have beneficial effects on glucose and protein metabolism in the liver. The saccharide-based prebiotic used in the carp experiment had a positive effect on intestine morphometric parameters. Supplementation of this prebiotic had no negative effect on growth performance and did not disturb the homeostasis of the fish, as demonstrated by the values of biochemical blood parameters. Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of a trans-galactooligosaccharide prebiotic (GOS) on the growth performance, biochemical blood parameters, and intestine morphometric parameters of common carp. The 60-day-long experiment was performed on one-year-old fish with a mean body weight of 180 g (±5 g). Three diets were used: control diet 1 (C) with no microbiota affecting feed additives, diet 2 (B1) with 1% of prebiotic, and diet 3 (B2) with 2% of prebiotic, in four replications (tanks) per treatment and 25 fish per tank. At the end of the trial, 16 individuals from each group were used for analyses. The study showed that GOS supplementation did not affect growth performance. In turn, the prebiotic had a positive effect on the development of the intestine, and increased the height, width, and surface of the villi in B1 and B2 groups. The content of phosphorus (P) was significantly higher in B1 group compared with B2 group, which indicated that 1% addition of prebiotic causes better absorption of P from the intestine. The other biochemical indicators—namely lipid, protein and hepatic parameters, insulin, and Ca—were not affected by GOS treatment, which may indicate similar metabolic balance of fish in each experimental group. Serum triiodothyronine (TT3) and glucose (stress markers) concentrations were not significantly different among treatments groups. GOS may be recommended as a feed additive for common carp due to its positive effects on fish physiology and development of the gastrointestinal tract. However, our results suggest that 1% diet supplementation causes satisfactory reactions for the abovementioned aspects in comparison to control or 2% supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Ziółkowska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Physiotherapy and Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, UTP University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-004 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.B.); (A.D.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Joanna Bogucka
- Department of Animal Physiology, Physiotherapy and Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, UTP University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-004 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.B.); (A.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Agata Dankowiakowska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Physiotherapy and Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, UTP University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-004 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.B.); (A.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Mateusz Rawski
- Division of Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznań, Poland; (M.R.); (J.M.)
| | - Jan Mazurkiewicz
- Division of Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznań, Poland; (M.R.); (J.M.)
| | - Magdalena Stanek
- Department of Animal Physiology, Physiotherapy and Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, UTP University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-004 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.B.); (A.D.); (M.S.)
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Iguchi A, Yamamoto S, Oda A, Tanaka K, Kazama JJ, Saeki T, Yamazaki H, Ishioka K, Suzutani T, Narita I. Effect of sucroferric oxyhydroxide on gastrointestinal microbiome and uremic toxins in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis. Clin Exp Nephrol 2020; 24:725-733. [PMID: 32285213 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-020-01892-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), dysbiosis in the gastrointestinal microbiome is thought to be associated with increased production of uremic toxins, such as indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (PCS). Sucroferric oxyhydroxide (SFO), an iron-based phosphate binder, may affect the gastrointestinal microbiome and the production of uremic toxins. We aimed to examine whether SFO administration affected distribution of gastrointestinal microbiome and serum uremic toxin levels in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis. METHODS In this single-center, open-label, interventional study, 18 maintenance hemodialysis patients with hyperphosphatemia were prescribed with SFO. We collected serum samples before and after 3 months of administration, and serum levels of IS and PCS were measured. A control group of 20 hemodialysis patients without SFO was evaluated. We evaluated gastrointestinal microbiome of patients pre- and post-SFO administration by 16S rDNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS Serum IS and PCS levels were significantly elevated after administration of SFO (IS before 2.52 ± 1.60 mg/dl vs. after 3.13 ± 1.51 mg/dl, P = 0.008; PCS before 2.32 ± 2.44 mg/dl vs. after 3.45 ± 2.11 mg/dl, P = 0.002), while serum IS and PCS levels did not change in the control group. Microbiome analysis in the SFO group showed no significant change in diversity and major components in phylum, class, order, family, gene, and species. CONCLUSION Administration of SFO increased the serum levels of IS and PCS with no change of major components of gastrointestinal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Iguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nagaoka Red-Cross Hospital, 2-297-1 Sensyu, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2085, Japan.
| | - Suguru Yamamoto
- Division of Blood Purification Therapy, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Akira Oda
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tanaka
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Junichiro James Kazama
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Takako Saeki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nagaoka Red-Cross Hospital, 2-297-1 Sensyu, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2085, Japan
| | - Hajime Yamazaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nagaoka Red-Cross Hospital, 2-297-1 Sensyu, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2085, Japan
| | - Ken Ishioka
- Department of Microbiology, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Suzutani
- Department of Microbiology, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Ichiei Narita
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
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Alterations of the Viable Ileal Microbiota of the Gut Mucosa-Lymph Node Axis in Pigs Fed Phytase and Lactic Acid-Treated Cereals. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.02128-19. [PMID: 31757823 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02128-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut-lymph node axis is a critical player in the symbiotic relationship between gut microbiota and the host. However, little is known about the impact of diet-related bacterial shifts in the gut lumen on bacterial translocation into lymph nodes. Here, we (i) characterized changes in the viable microbiota composition along the ileal digesta-mucosa-lymph node axis and (ii) examined the effect of dietary phytase supplementation and lactic acid (LA) soaking of cereals on the bacterial taxonomy along this axis, together with their effect on the mucosal expression of innate immune and barrier function genes in pigs (n = 8/diet). After 18 days on diets, ileal digesta, mucosa, and ileocecal lymph nodes (ICLNs) were collected for RNA isolation and 16S rRNA-based high-resolution community profiling. Bacterial communities were dominated by Lactobacillaceae and Clostridiaceae, with clearly distinguishable profiles at the three sampling sites. Specific bacterial subsampling was indicated by enrichment of the ICLNs with Lactobacillaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Veillonellaceae, and Methanobacteriaceae and less Clostridiaceae, Pasteurellaceae, Helicobacteraceae, and Enterobacteriaceae compared to that of the mucosa. LA treatment of cereals reduced proteolytic taxa in the lumen, including pathobionts like Helicobacteraceae, Campylobacteraceae, and Fusobacteriaceae When combined, phytase- and LA-treated cereals largely increased species richness, while the single treatments reduced Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes in ICLNs and increased mucosal MUC2 expression. In contrast, phytase reduced mucosal CDH1 expression, indicating altered barrier function with potential effects on bacterial translocation. Overall, both treatments, although often differently, changed the viable microbiome along the digesta-mucosa-lymph node axis in the ileum, probably due to altered substrate availability and microbial-host interactions.IMPORTANCE A host's diet largely determines the gut microbial composition and therefore may influence bacterial translocation into ICLNs. Due to its importance for cell metabolism, the intestinal phosphorus availability, which was modified here by phytase and LA treatment of cereals, affects the intestinal microbiota. Previous studies mainly focused on bacteria in the lumen. The novelty of this work resides mainly in that we report diet-microbe effects along the digesta-mucosa-ICLN axis and linked those effects to mucosal expression of barrier function genes as crucial components for host health. Lymph nodes can serve as reservoir of pathobionts; therefore, present diet-microbiome-host interactions have implications for food safety.
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Rahbar Saadat Y, Niknafs B, Hosseiniyan Khatibi SM, Ardalan M, Majdi H, Bahmanpoor Z, Abediazar S, Zununi Vahed S. Gut microbiota; an overlooked effect of phosphate binders. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 868:172892. [PMID: 31870830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hyperphosphatemia is a mineral bone-disease that increases cardiovascular complications and all-cause mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Oral phosphate binders absorb the dietary phosphate to prevent its high plasma levels. Moreover, they can adsorb some uremic toxins and decrease inflammation. A few recent studies highlight an ignored effect of phosphate binders on gut microbiota. Phosphorous is a major nutrient for survival and reproduction of bacteria and its intestinal concentration may impact the activity and composition of the gut microbiota. CKD is a state of an altered gut microbiome and bacterial-derived uremic toxins stimulate cardiovascular disease and systemic inflammation. The identification of the impact of phosphate binders on gut opens a new era in nephrology and fill the existing gap in interpretation of beneficial effects of phosphate binders. This review aims to highlight the impact of oral phosphate binders on the gut microbiome in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalda Rahbar Saadat
- Nutrition Research Center, Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahram Niknafs
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Hasan Majdi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Bahmanpoor
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sima Abediazar
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Klinsoda J, Vötterl J, Zebeli Q, Metzler-Zebeli BU. Lactic Acid Treatment of Cereals and Dietary Phytase Modified Fecal Microbiome Composition Without Affecting Expression of Virulence Factor Genes in Growing Pigs. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2345. [PMID: 31681210 PMCID: PMC6808178 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides the major nutrients, phosphorus (P) is an essential mineral for both the host animal and the porcine gut microbiota. Different strategies including phytase supplementation and more recently lactic acid (LA) are used to enhance the P availability from cereals in pig diets; however, their impact on the gut microbiota has been rarely related to fecal shedding of opportunistic pathogens. The present study investigated the effect of phytase supplementation and the treatment of dietary cereals with 2.5% LA on the fecal microbiome composition of metabolic active bacteria and expression of virulence factor genes of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens in growing pigs. Phytase supplementation reduced the fecal abundance of the most abundant Lactobacillaceae family, whereas the LA-treatment of cereals had a stronger impact on the bacterial community, reducing amylolytic, pullulanolytic and hemicellulolytic Lactobacillaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae as well as the fecal bacterial species richness (Chao1) and diversity (Shannon index). Mainly the family Clostridiaceae benefited from the decline in the aforementioned families, being enriched by both dietary treatments. Multigroup data integration using sparse partial least squares-discriminant analysis showed that among the most discriminative operational taxonomic units (OTU) especially two unclassified Clostridiaceae-OTUs, one Prevotella copri-like OTU and one OTU within the vadinCA11 group were associated with calcium and P levels but were negatively linked with complex carbohydrates in feces. Heat-stable toxin A (Sta) of enterotoxigenic E. coli and Stx2e of Shiga-toxin producing E. coli were expressed in feces but were similar among feeding groups. Without modifying the total bacterial gene copies and virulence factor expression of E. coli, both dietary phytase supplementation and LA-treatment of cereals drastically altered the bacterial community composition in pig feces. Results thereby allowed for the characterization of bacterial nutrient dependencies, indicating a link between fecal P availability, complex carbohydrate composition and alterations in the predominant genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutamat Klinsoda
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Food Research and Product Development, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Julia Vötterl
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Qendrim Zebeli
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara U Metzler-Zebeli
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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Miao YY, Xu CM, Xia M, Zhu HQ, Chen YQ. Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Phosphorus Metabolism in Hemodialysis Patients: A Preliminary Exploration. Chin Med J (Engl) 2019; 131:2792-2799. [PMID: 30511681 PMCID: PMC6278197 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.246059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperphosphatemia is a risk factor associated with mortality in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Gut absorption of phosphate is the major source. Recent studies indicated that the intestinal flora of uremic patients changed a lot compared with the healthy population, and phosphorus is an essential element of bacterial survival and reproduction. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of intestinal microbiota in phosphorus metabolism. Methods A prospective self-control study was performed from October 2015 to January 2016. Microbial DNA was isolated from the stools of 20 healthy controls and 21 maintenance hemodialysis patients. Fourteen out of the 21 patients were treated with lanthanum carbonate for 12 weeks. Thus, stools were also collected before and after the treatment. The bacterial composition was analyzed based on 16S ribosomal RNA pyrosequencing. Bioinformatics tools, including sequence alignment, abundance profiling, and taxonomic diversity, were used in microbiome data analyses. Correlations between genera and the serum phosphorus were detected with Pearson's correlation. For visualization of the internal interactions and further measurement of the microbial community, SparCC was used to calculate the Spearman correlation coefficient with the corresponding P value between each two genera. Results Thirteen genera closely correlated with serum phosphorus and the correlation coefficient was above 0.4 (P < 0.05). We also found that 58 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were significantly different and more decreased OTUs were identified and seven genera (P < 0.05) were obviously reduced after using the phosphate binder. Meanwhile, the microbial richness and diversity presented downward trend in hemodialysis patients compared with healthy controls and more downward trend after phosphorus reduction. The co-occurrence network of genera revealed that the network complexity of hemodialysis patients was significantly higher than that of controls, whereas treatment with lanthanum carbonate reduced the network complexity. Conclusions Gut flora related to phosphorus metabolism in hemodialysis patients, and improving intestinal microbiota may regulate the absorption of phosphate in the intestine. The use of phosphate binder lanthanum carbonate leads to a tendency of decreasing microbial diversity and lower network complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yi Miao
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Cong-Min Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, College of Engineering, and Centre for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Min Xia
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Huai-Qiu Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, College of Engineering, and Centre for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu-Qing Chen
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100034, China
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Heyer CME, Schmucker S, Burbach K, Weiss E, Eklund M, Aumiller T, Capezzone F, Steuber J, Rodehutscord M, Hoelzle LE, Seifert J, Mosenthin R, Stefanski V. Phytate degradation, intestinal microbiota, microbial metabolites and immune values are changed in growing pigs fed diets with varying calcium-phosphorus concentration and fermentable substrates. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:1185-1197. [PMID: 30934140 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study assessed effects of diets containing varying calcium-phosphorus (CaP) concentration and fermentable substrates on digestibility of diets, intestinal microbiota and immune system using 32 crossbred pigs (initial BW 54.7 kg). In a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, pigs were fed either a corn-soybean meal (CSB) or corn-field pea (CFP) diet with either low [-] (4.4 g Ca/kg; 4.2 g total P/kg) or high [+] (8.3 g Ca/kg; 7.5 g total P/kg; supplemented with monocalcium phosphate) CaP content for a period of 9 weeks. In week 8, blood samples were taken, and at the end of the trial, all pigs were euthanized to collect digesta and mesenteric lymphoid tissue. Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of P was greater (p < 0.05) for pigs fed the CaP+ and CFP diets than CaP- and CSB diets. The myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis (dihydrogen phosphate) (InsP6 ) concentration in jejunal digesta was higher (p < 0.05) for CaP+ than in CaP- fed pigs. In addition, caecal and faecal InsP5 isomer concentration were greater (p < 0.05) for CSB than CFP diets. In the caecum, gene copy numbers of saccharolytic bacteria, such as Eubacterium rectale and Roseburia spp., as well as SCFA concentration were higher (p < 0.05) for CaP+ than CaP- diets. In particular, innate immune cell numbers, such as natural killer cells, dendritic cells, monocytes and neutrophils, were greater (p < 0.05) for CaP+ than CaP- fed pigs. Diets high in CaP resulted in higher abundance of potential beneficial bacteria and might promote the first line of defence enhancing the activation of the cellular adaptive immune response, thereby possibly decreasing the risk for intestinal disturbances. These results strongly suggest that both, CaP supply and dietary ingredients differing in fermentability, may beneficially affect gut health through increase in SCFA-producing bacteria and/or bacteria with anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Maria Elisabeth Heyer
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sonja Schmucker
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katharina Burbach
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Eva Weiss
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Meike Eklund
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tobias Aumiller
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Filippo Capezzone
- Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julia Steuber
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | | | - Jana Seifert
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rainer Mosenthin
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Volker Stefanski
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Physiological and Transcriptional Responses in Weaned Piglets Fed Diets with Varying Phosphorus and Calcium Levels. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020436. [PMID: 30791512 PMCID: PMC6412343 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an important element of various metabolic and signalling processes, including bone metabolism and immune function. To elucidate the routes of P homeostasis and utilization, a five-week feeding study was conducted with weaned piglets receiving a diet with recommended amounts of P and Ca (M), or a diet with lower (L) or higher (H) P values and a constant Ca:P ratio. Routes of P utilization were deduced via bone characteristics (MicroCT), genome-wide transcriptomic profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and serum mineral levels. MicroCT revealed significantly lower bone mineral density, trabecular number, and mechanical fracture load in (L). Gene expression analyses showed transcripts of 276 and 115 annotated genes with higher or lower abundance in (H) than (L) that were related to basic cellular and metabolic processes as well as response to stimuli, developmental processes and immune system processes. This study shows the many molecular routes involved in P homeostasis that should be considered to improve endogenous mechanisms of P utilization.
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Dai SJ, Zhang KY, Ding XM, Bai SP, Luo YH, Wang JP, Zeng QF. Effect of Dietary Non-phytate Phosphorus Levels on the Diversity and Structure of Cecal Microbiota in Meat Duck from 1 to 21 d of age. Poult Sci 2018; 97:2441-2450. [PMID: 29617914 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted to distinguish the effect of dietary non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) levels on the community diversity and structure of the cecal microbiota in meat duck based on 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. In total, 525 1-d-old ducklings were fed diets (105 ducklings, 7 pens of 15 ducklings, on each diet) containing five levels of NPP (0.22, 0.34, 0.40, 0.46, and 0.58%) for 21 days. The results showed that dietary NPP levels linearly and quadratically increased (P < 0.05) 21 d body weight, 1 to 21 d feed intake and NPP intake, and contrarily, linearly decreased (P < 0.05) β-diversity of cecal microbial population in ducks. ß-diversity analyses showed that microbiota clustering based on dietary NPP levels occured, with 0.22% NPP groups distinctly different from the 0.46% and 0.58% NPP group samples. Moreover, dietary NPP levels could change the relative abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria (linear, P < 0.05), genera Eubacterium coprostanoligenes (quadratic, P < 0.05), Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 (quadratic, P < 0.05) and Subdoligrannulum (linear, P < 0.05), and Lachnospiraceae family (quadratic, P < 0.05) in cecal microbiota of ducks. Increasing the dietary NPP level influenced the cecal microbiota and positively affected the growth of meat ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Dai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 611130
| | - K Y Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 611130
| | - X M Ding
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 611130
| | - S P Bai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 611130
| | - Y H Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 611130
| | - J P Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 611130
| | - Q F Zeng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 611130
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Sanders AJ, Taylor BW. Using ecological stoichiometry to understand and predict infectious diseases. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Sanders
- Dept of Applied Ecology; North Carolina State Univ.; Raleigh NC 27695 USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory; Crested Butte CO 81224 USA
| | - Brad W. Taylor
- Dept of Applied Ecology; North Carolina State Univ.; Raleigh NC 27695 USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory; Crested Butte CO 81224 USA
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Bridging Gaps in the Agricultural Phosphorus Cycle from an Animal Husbandry Perspective—The Case of Pigs and Poultry. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10061825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Just F, Oster M, Büsing K, Borgelt L, Murani E, Ponsuksili S, Wolf P, Wimmers K. Lowered dietary phosphorus affects intestinal and renal gene expression to maintain mineral homeostasis with immunomodulatory implications in weaned piglets. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:207. [PMID: 29554878 PMCID: PMC5859397 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4584-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In monogastric animals, phosphorus (P) homeostasis is maintained by regulating intestinal absorption, bone mobilization, and renal excretion. Since P is a non-renewable resource, a shortage is imminent due to widespread over-usage in the farming and animal husbandry industries. As a consequence, P efficiency should be improved in pig production. We sought to characterize the transcriptional response in re-/absorbing and excreting tissues in pigs to diets varying in calcium: phosphorus ratios. Weaned piglets were assigned to one of three groups fed diets varying in digestible P content for a period of five weeks. Gene expression profiles were analyzed in jejunum, colon, and kidney. RESULTS Transcriptome analysis revealed that reduced dietary P intake affects gene expression in jejunum and kidney, but not in colon. The regulation of mineral homeostasis was reflected via altered mRNA abundances of CYP24A1, CYP27A1, TRPM6, SPP1, and VDR in jejunum and kidney. Moreover, lowered abundances of transcripts associated with the classical complement system pathway were observed in the jejunum. In kidney, shifted transcripts were involved in phospholipase C, calcium signaling, and NFAT signaling, which may have immunomodulatory implications. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed local transcriptional consequences of variable P intake in intestinal and renal tissues. The adaptive responses are the result of organismal efforts to maintain systemic mineral homeostasis while modulating immune features at local tissue sites. Therefore, the deviation from the currently recommended dietary P supply must be carefully considered, as the endogenous mechanisms that respond to low P diets may impact important adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Just
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Michael Oster
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Kirsten Büsing
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Luisa Borgelt
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Eduard Murani
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Petra Wolf
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany. .,Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
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Heyer CME, Schmucker S, Aumiller T, Föll A, Uken K, Rodehutscord M, Hoelzle LE, Seifert J, Stefanski V, Mosenthin R, Eklund M, Weiss E. The impact of dietary phosphorus and calcium on the intestinal microbiota and mitogen-induced proliferation of mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes in pigs1. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Oster M, Just F, Büsing K, Wolf P, Polley C, Vollmar B, Muráni E, Ponsuksili S, Wimmers K. Toward improved phosphorus efficiency in monogastrics-interplay of serum, minerals, bone, and immune system after divergent dietary phosphorus supply in swine. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 310:R917-25. [PMID: 26962023 PMCID: PMC4896080 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00215.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is of vital importance for many aspects of metabolism, including bone mineralization, blood buffering, and energy utilization. In order to identify molecular routes affecting intrinsic P utilization, we address processes covering P intake, uptake, metabolism, and excretion. In particular, the interrelation of bone tissue and immune features is of interest to approximate P intake to animal's physiology and health status. German Landrace piglets received different levels of digestible phosphorus: recommended, higher, or lower amounts. At multiple time points, relevant serum parameters were analyzed and radiologic studies on bone characteristics were performed. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected to assess differential gene expression. Dietary differences were reflected by serum phosphorus, calcium, parathyroid hormone, and vitamin D. Bone reorganization was persistently affected as shown by microstructural parameters, cathepsin K levels, and transcripts associated with bone formation. Moreover, blood expression patterns revealed a link to immune response, highlighting bidirectional loops comprising bone formation and immune features, where the receptor-activator of NF-κB ligand/receptor-activator of NF-κB kinase system may play a prominent role. The modulated P supplementation provoked considerable organismal plasticity. Genes found to be differentially expressed due to variable P supply are involved in pathways relevant to P utilization and are potential candidate genes for improved P efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Oster
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Franziska Just
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Kirsten Büsing
- University of Rostock, Nutrition Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Rostock, Germany; and
| | - Petra Wolf
- University of Rostock, Nutrition Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Rostock, Germany; and
| | - Christian Polley
- University of Rostock, Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- University of Rostock, Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock, Germany
| | - Eduard Muráni
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany;
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