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Kirstein CF, Güntürkün O, Ocklenburg S. Ultra-high field imaging of the amygdala - A narrative review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105245. [PMID: 37230235 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The amygdala is an evolutionarily conserved core structure in emotion processing and one of the key regions of interest in affective neuroscience. Results of neuroimaging studies focusing on the amygdala are, however, often heterogeneous since it is composed of functionally and neuroanatomically distinct subnuclei. Fortunately, ultra-high-field imaging offers several advances for amygdala research, most importantly more accurate representation of functional and structural properties of subnuclei and their connectivity. Most clinical studies using ultra-high-field imaging focused on major depression, suggesting either overall rightward amygdala atrophy or distinct bilateral patterns of subnuclear atrophy and hypertrophy. Other pathologies are only sparsely covered. Connectivity analyses identified widespread networks for learning and memory, stimulus processing, cognition, and social processes. They provide evidence for distinct roles of the central, basal, and basolateral nucleus, and the extended amygdala in fear and emotion processing. Amid largely sparse and ambiguous evidence, we propose theoretical and methodological considerations that will guide ultra-high-field imaging in comprehensive investigations to help disentangle the ambiguity of the amygdala's function, structure, connectivity, and clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Fabian Kirstein
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany.
| | - Onur Güntürkün
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany; Research Center One Health Ruhr, Research Alliance Ruhr, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ocklenburg
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany; Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Germany; Institute for Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Fernández-Moya SM, Ganesh AJ, Plass M. Neural cell diversity in the light of single-cell transcriptomics. Transcription 2023; 14:158-176. [PMID: 38229529 PMCID: PMC10807474 DOI: 10.1080/21541264.2023.2295044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of highly parallel and affordable high-throughput single-cell transcriptomics technologies has revolutionized our understanding of brain complexity. These methods have been used to build cellular maps of the brain, its different regions, and catalog the diversity of cells in each of them during development, aging and even in disease. Now we know that cellular diversity is way beyond what was previously thought. Single-cell transcriptomics analyses have revealed that cell types previously considered homogeneous based on imaging techniques differ depending on several factors including sex, age and location within the brain. The expression profiles of these cells have also been exploited to understand which are the regulatory programs behind cellular diversity and decipher the transcriptional pathways driving them. In this review, we summarize how single-cell transcriptomics have changed our view on the cellular diversity in the human brain, and how it could impact the way we study neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, we describe the new computational approaches that can be used to study cellular differentiation and gain insight into the functions of individual cell populations under different conditions and their alterations in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra María Fernández-Moya
- Gene Regulation of Cell Identity, Regenerative Medicine Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
- Program for Advancing Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine of Catalonia, P- CMR[C], Barcelona, L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
| | - Akshay Jaya Ganesh
- Gene Regulation of Cell Identity, Regenerative Medicine Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
- Program for Advancing Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine of Catalonia, P- CMR[C], Barcelona, L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
| | - Mireya Plass
- Gene Regulation of Cell Identity, Regenerative Medicine Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
- Program for Advancing Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine of Catalonia, P- CMR[C], Barcelona, L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
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3
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Shamabadi A, Karimi H, Cattarinussi G, Moghaddam HS, Akhondzadeh S, Sambataro F, Schiena G, Delvecchio G. Neuroimaging Correlates of Treatment Response to Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Bipolar Depression: A Systematic Review. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050801. [PMID: 37239273 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has become a promising strategy for bipolar disorder (BD). This study reviews neuroimaging findings, indicating functional, structural, and metabolic brain changes associated with TMS in BD. Web of Science, Embase, Medline, and Google Scholar were searched without any restrictions for studies investigating neuroimaging biomarkers, through structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), functional MRI (fMRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), positron emission tomography (PET), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), in association with response to TMS in patients with BD. Eleven studies were included (fMRI = 4, MRI = 1, PET = 3, SPECT = 2, and MRS = 1). Important fMRI predictors of response to repetitive TMS (rTMS) included higher connectivity of emotion regulation and executive control regions. Prominent MRI predictors included lower ventromedial prefrontal cortex connectivity and lower superior frontal and caudal middle frontal volumes. SPECT studies found hypoconnectivity of the uncus/parahippocampal cortex and right thalamus in non-responders. The post-rTMS changes using fMRI mostly showed increased connectivity among the areas neighboring the coil. Increased blood perfusion was reported post-rTMS in PET and SPECT studies. Treatment response comparison between unipolar depression and BD revealed almost equal responses. Neuroimaging evidence suggests various correlates of response to rTMS in BD, which needs to be further replicated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Shamabadi
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran M9HV+R6Q, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P94V+8MF, Iran
| | - Hanie Karimi
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran M9HV+R6Q, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P94V+8MF, Iran
| | - Giulia Cattarinussi
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Hossein Sanjari Moghaddam
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran M9HV+R6Q, Iran
| | - Shahin Akhondzadeh
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran M9HV+R6Q, Iran
| | - Fabio Sambataro
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Schiena
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Delvecchio
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
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4
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Sultan AA, Dimick MK, Zai CC, Kennedy JL, MacIntosh BJ, Goldstein BI. The association of CNR1 genetic variants with resting-state functional connectivity in youth bipolar disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 71:41-54. [PMID: 36972648 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoid 1 receptors coded by the CNR1 gene are implicated in mood disorders and addiction. Given the prevalence and negative correlates of cannabis use in bipolar disorder (BD), we examined CNR1 polymorphism rs1324072 in relation to resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in youth BD. Participants included 124 youth, ages 13-20 years: 17 BD G-carriers, 48 BD non-carriers, 16 healthy controls (HC) G-carriers, and 43 HC non-carriers. rsFC was obtained using 3T-MRI. General linear models examined main effects of diagnosis, gene, and diagnosis-by-gene interaction, controlling for age, sex, and race. Regions-of-interests in seed-to-voxel analyses included: bilateral amygdala, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens (NAc), and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Main effects of diagnosis were observed for rsFC between the right amygdala seed and right occipital pole, and between the left NAc seed and left superior parietal lobe. Interaction analyses identified 6 significant clusters. G-allele was associated with negative connectivity in BD and positive connectivity in HC for: left amygdala seed with right intracalcarine cortex; right NAc seed with left inferior frontal gyrus; and right hippocampal seed with bilateral cuneal cortex (all p<0.001). G-allele was associated with positive connectivity in BD and negative connectivity in HC for: right hippocampal seed with left central opercular cortex (p = 0.001), and left NAc seed with left middle temporal cortex (p = 0.002). In conclusion, CNR1 rs1324072 was differentially associated with rsFC in youth with BD in regions relevant to reward and emotion. Future studies powered to integrate CNR1 alongside cannabis use are warranted to examine the inter-relationship between rs1324072 G-allele, cannabis use, and BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysha A Sultan
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mikaela K Dimick
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Clement C Zai
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Psychiatric Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James L Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Psychiatric Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bradley J MacIntosh
- Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence unit, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sandra E Black Centre for Brain Resilience & Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin I Goldstein
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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5
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Chen P, Chen G, Zhong S, Chen F, Ye T, Gong J, Tang G, Pan Y, Luo Z, Qi Z, Huang L, Wang Y. Thyroid hormones disturbances, cognitive deficits and abnormal dynamic functional connectivity variability of the amygdala in unmedicated bipolar disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 150:282-291. [PMID: 35429738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accumulating evidence suggests that hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis dysfunction is relevant to the neuropsychological and pathophysiology functions of bipolar disorder (BD). However, no research has investigated the inter-relationships among thyroid hormones disturbance, neurocognitive deficits, and aberrant brain function (particularly in the amygdala) in patients with BD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data of dynamic resting-state functional connectivity (rs-dFC) were gathered from 59 patients with unmedicated BD II during depressive episodes and 52 healthy controls (HCs). Four seeds were selected (the bilateral lateral amygdala and the bilateral medial amygdala). The sliding-window analysis was applied to investigate dynamic functional connectivity (dFC). Additionally, the serum thyroid hormone (free tri-iodothyronine (FT3), total tri-iodothyronine (TT3), free thyroxin (FT4), total thyroxin (TT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)) levels, and cognitive scores on the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) in patients and HCs were detected. RESULTS The BD group exhibited increased dFC variability between the left medial amygdala and right medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) when compared with the HC group. Additionally, the BD group showed lower FT3, TT3, and TSH level, higher FT4 level, and poorer cognitive score. Moreover, a significant negative correlation was observed between the dFC variability of the left medial amygdala-right mPFC and TSH level, or reasoning and problem solving of MCCB score in BD group. Multiple regression analysis showed that the TSH level × dFC variability of the medial amygdala-mPFC was an independent predictor for cognitive processing speed in BD group. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed patients with BD II depression had excessive variability in dFC between the medial amygdala and mPFC. Moreover, both HPT axis dysfunction and abnormal dFC of the amygdala-mPFC might be implicated in cognitive impairment in the early stages of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Guanmao Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Shuming Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Tao Ye
- Clinical Laboratory Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - JiaYing Gong
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China; Department of Radiology, Six Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Guixian Tang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Youling Pan
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Zhenye Luo
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Zhangzhang Qi
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Li Huang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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6
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Single-nucleus transcriptome analysis reveals cell-type-specific molecular signatures across reward circuitry in the human brain. Neuron 2021; 109:3088-3103.e5. [PMID: 34582785 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell gene expression technologies are powerful tools to study cell types in the human brain, but efforts have largely focused on cortical brain regions. We therefore created a single-nucleus RNA-sequencing resource of 70,615 high-quality nuclei to generate a molecular taxonomy of cell types across five human brain regions that serve as key nodes of the human brain reward circuitry: nucleus accumbens, amygdala, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. We first identified novel subpopulations of interneurons and medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the nucleus accumbens and further characterized robust GABAergic inhibitory cell populations in the amygdala. Joint analyses across the 107 reported cell classes revealed cell-type substructure and unique patterns of transcriptomic dynamics. We identified discrete subpopulations of D1- and D2-expressing MSNs in the nucleus accumbens to which we mapped cell-type-specific enrichment for genetic risk associated with both psychiatric disease and addiction.
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Bode A, Kushnick G. Proximate and Ultimate Perspectives on Romantic Love. Front Psychol 2021; 12:573123. [PMID: 33912094 PMCID: PMC8074860 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.573123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Romantic love is a phenomenon of immense interest to the general public as well as to scholars in several disciplines. It is known to be present in almost all human societies and has been studied from a number of perspectives. In this integrative review, we bring together what is known about romantic love using Tinbergen’s “four questions” framework originating from evolutionary biology. Under the first question, related to mechanisms, we show that it is caused by social, psychological mate choice, genetic, neural, and endocrine mechanisms. The mechanisms regulating psychopathology, cognitive biases, and animal models provide further insights into the mechanisms that regulate romantic love. Under the second question, related to development, we show that romantic love exists across the human lifespan in both sexes. We summarize what is known about its development and the internal and external factors that influence it. We consider cross-cultural perspectives and raise the issue of evolutionary mismatch. Under the third question, related to function, we discuss the fitness-relevant benefits and costs of romantic love with reference to mate choice, courtship, sex, and pair-bonding. We outline three possible selective pressures and contend that romantic love is a suite of adaptions and by-products. Under the fourth question, related to phylogeny, we summarize theories of romantic love’s evolutionary history and show that romantic love probably evolved in concert with pair-bonds in our recent ancestors. We describe the mammalian antecedents to romantic love and the contribution of genes and culture to the expression of modern romantic love. We advance four potential scenarios for the evolution of romantic love. We conclude by summarizing what Tinbergen’s four questions tell us, highlighting outstanding questions as avenues of potential future research, and suggesting a novel ethologically informed working definition to accommodate the multi-faceted understanding of romantic love advanced in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bode
- Human Behavioural Ecology Research Group, School of Archaeology and Anthropology, ANU College of Arts and Social Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Geoff Kushnick
- Human Behavioural Ecology Research Group, School of Archaeology and Anthropology, ANU College of Arts and Social Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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8
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Shonibare DO, Patel R, Islam AH, Metcalfe AWS, Fiksenbaum L, Kennedy JL, Freeman N, MacIntosh BJ, Goldstein BI. Preliminary study of structural magnetic resonance imaging phenotypes related to genetic variation in Interleukin-1β rs16944 in adolescents with Bipolar Disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 122:33-41. [PMID: 31918351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD), among the most heritable psychiatric conditions, is associated with increased pro-inflammatory blood markers and pro-inflammatory gene expression in post-mortem brain. We therefore examined the effects of pro-inflammatory single nucleotide polymorphism interleukin-1β (IL-1β) rs16944 on brain structure in adolescents with BD and healthy control (HC) adolescents. METHODS T1-weighted 3-T magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired for 38 adolescents with BD and 32 HC adolescents (14-20 years). Using FreeSurfer, a priori regions of interest analyses, examining hippocampus, amygdala, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and caudal anterior cingulate cortex, were complemented by exploratory whole-brain vertex-wise analyses. General linear models assessed the association between IL-1β rs16944 and the ROIs, controlling for sex, age, and intracranial volume. RESULTS There was an IL-1β rs16944 polymorphism-by-diagnosis interaction effect on the DLPFC; T-carriers with BD had greater surface area compared to non-carriers with BD. Whereas, HC T-carriers had smaller DLPFC volume compared to HC non-carriers. In vertex-wise analyses, similar interactions were evident in a pars triangularis surface area cluster and a lateral occipital cortex volume cluster. Whole-brain analyses also yielded a main effect of IL-1β rs16944 polymorphism, whereby T-carriers had greater lateral occipital cortex surface area and volume. CONCLUSIONS The IL-1β rs16944 polymorphism is associated with neurostructural phenotypes in cognitive and visual regions that subserve functions, including facial recognition and response inhibition, which are known to be aberrant in BD. Future studies are warranted to evaluate whether the observed rs16944-related structural differences are relevant to neurocognitive function, functional neuroimaging phenotypes and IL-1β protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel O Shonibare
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ronak Patel
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alvi H Islam
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Arron W S Metcalfe
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lisa Fiksenbaum
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - James L Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Natalie Freeman
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bradley J MacIntosh
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Physical Sciences Research Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Benjamin I Goldstein
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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9
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Ananth M, Bartlett EA, DeLorenzo C, Lin X, Kunkel L, Vadhan NP, Perlman G, Godstrey M, Holzmacher D, Ogden RT, Parsey RV, Huang C. Prediction of lithium treatment response in bipolar depression using 5-HTT and 5-HT 1A PET. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 47:2417-2428. [PMID: 32055965 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lithium, one of the few effective treatments for bipolar depression (BPD), has been hypothesized to work by enhancing serotonergic transmission. Despite preclinical evidence, it is unknown whether lithium acts via the serotonergic system. Here we examined the potential of serotonin transporter (5-HTT) or serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT1A) pre-treatment binding to predict lithium treatment response and remission. We hypothesized that lower pre-treatment 5-HTT and higher pre-treatment 5-HT1A binding would predict better clinical response. Additional analyses investigated group differences between BPD and healthy controls and the relationship between change in binding pre- to post-treatment and clinical response. Twenty-seven medication-free patients with BPD currently in a depressive episode received positron emission tomography (PET) scans using 5-HTT tracer [11C]DASB, a subset also received a PET scan using 5-HT1A tracer [11C]-CUMI-101 before and after 8 weeks of lithium monotherapy. Metabolite-corrected arterial input functions were used to estimate binding potential, proportional to receptor availability. Fourteen patients with BPD with both [11C]DASB and [11C]-CUMI-101 pre-treatment scans and 8 weeks of post-treatment clinical scores were included in the prediction analysis examining the potential of either pre-treatment 5-HTT or 5-HT1A or the combination of both to predict post-treatment clinical scores. RESULTS We found lower pre-treatment 5-HTT binding (p = 0.003) and lower 5-HT1A binding (p = 0.035) were both significantly associated with improved clinical response. Pre-treatment 5-HTT predicted remission with 71% accuracy (77% specificity, 60% sensitivity), while 5-HT1A binding was able to predict remission with 85% accuracy (87% sensitivity, 80% specificity). The combined prediction analysis using both 5-HTT and 5-HT1A was able to predict remission with 84.6% accuracy (87.5% specificity, 60% sensitivity). Additional analyses BPD and controls pre- or post-treatment, and the change in binding were not significant and unrelated to treatment response (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that while lithium may not act directly via 5-HTT or 5-HT1A to ameliorate depressive symptoms, pre-treatment binding may be a potential biomarker for successful treatment of BPD with lithium. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION PET and MRI Brain Imaging of Bipolar Disorder Identifier: NCT01880957; URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01880957.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mala Ananth
- Neurobiology & Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
| | | | - Christine DeLorenzo
- Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Xuejing Lin
- Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura Kunkel
- Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Nehal P Vadhan
- Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Great Neck, NY, USA
| | - Greg Perlman
- Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | | | - R Todd Ogden
- Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ramin V Parsey
- Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Chuan Huang
- Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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10
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Du K, Lu W, Sun Y, Feng J, Wang JH. mRNA and miRNA profiles in the nucleus accumbens are related to fear memory and anxiety induced by physical or psychological stress. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 118:44-65. [PMID: 31493709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety is presumably driven by fear memory. The nucleus accumbens involves emotional regulation. Molecular profiles in the nucleus accumbens related to stress-induced fear memory remain elucidated. Fear memory in mice was induced by a paradigm of social defeat. Physical and psychological stress was delivered to an intruder that was attacked by an aggressive resident. Meanwhile, an observer experienced psychological stress by seeing aggressor attacks. The nucleus accumbens tissues from intruder and observer mice that appear fear memory and anxiety as well as control mice were harvested for analyses of mRNA and miRNA profiles by high throughput sequencing. In the nucleus accumbens of intruders and observers with fear memory and anxiety, genes encoding AdrRα, AChRM2/3, GluRM2/8, HrR1, SSR, BDNF and AC are upregulated, while genes encoding DR3/5, PR2, GPγ8 and P450 are downregulated. Physical and/or psychological stress leads to fear memory and anxiety likely by molecules relevant to certain synapses. Moreover, there are differential expressions in genes that encode GABARA, 5-HTR1/5, CREB3, AChRM2, RyR, Wnt and GPγ13 in the nucleus accumbens from intruders versus observers. GABAergic, serotonergic and cholinergic synapses as well as calcium, Wnt and CREB signaling molecules may be involved in fear memory differently induced by psychological stress and physical/psychological stress. The data from analyzing mRNA and miRNA profiles are consistent. Some molecules are validated by qRT-PCR and dual luciferase reporter assay. Fear memory and anxiety induced by the mixture of physical and psychological stress or psychological stress appear influenced by complicated molecular mechanisms in the nucleus accumbens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixin Du
- Qingdao University, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, Shandong, 266021, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Qingdao University, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, Shandong, 266021, China.
| | - Yan Sun
- Qingdao University, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, Shandong, 266021, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Qingdao University, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, Shandong, 266021, China
| | - Jin-Hui Wang
- Qingdao University, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, Shandong, 266021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Sun Y, Lu W, Du K, Wang JH. microRNA and mRNA profiles in the amygdala are relevant to fear memory induced by physical or psychological stress. J Neurophysiol 2019; 122:1002-1022. [PMID: 31268807 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00215.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety is presumably driven by fear memory. Molecular profiles in the amygdala of mice with fear memory induced by psychological and physical stresses remain to be elucidated. Fear memory in mice was induced by a paradigm of social defeat. Physical and psychological stresses (PPS) to an intruder were given by attacks from an aggressive resident. Psychological stress (PS) to an observer was given by the witnessing of aggressor attacks. Amygdala tissues from these mice showing fear memory and anxiety vs. tissues from control mice were harvested to analyze mRNA and microRNA profiles by high-throughput sequencing. In the amygdala of intruders and observers with fear memory, the genes encoding 5-HTR1b, 5-HTR2a, DAR2, AChRM3, and IP3R1 are upregulated, whereas genes encoding GPγ11, GPγ13, GPγT2, RasC3, and P450 are downregulated, indicating that these molecules are involved in fear memory induced by physical/psychological stresses. In the comparison of intruders with observers, the upregulation of genes encoding 5-HTR6, GPγ8, P2R7, NFκ2, CREB3/1, and Itgα9 as well as the downregulation of genes encoding DAR5, 5-HTR1a, and HSP1a are involved in fear memory induced by physical stress. The upregulation of genes encoding DAR1, 5-HTR5a and SSR2/3 as well as the downregulation of AdRα1, CREB3/1, GPγ13 and GPγ8 are involved in fear memory induced by psychological stress. Results obtained by sequencing mRNA and microRNA profiles are consistent with results of quantitative RT-PCR analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assays performed for validation. In conclusion, fear memories and anxiety induced by PPS vs. PS are caused by the imbalanced regulation of different synapses and signaling pathways in the amygdala.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The current study identifies the molecular mechanism underlying fear memory and anxiety induced by psychological stress vs. physical stress, in which the imbalanced expression of microRNA-regulated mRNAs relevant to dopaminergic, adrenergic, and serotonergic synapses in the amygdala plays an important role. This result reveals different molecular profiles for psychological and physical stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Qingdao University, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao Shandong, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Qingdao University, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao Shandong, China
| | - Kaixin Du
- Qingdao University, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao Shandong, China
| | - Jin-Hui Wang
- Qingdao University, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao Shandong, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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microRNA and mRNA profiles in the amygdala are associated with stress-induced depression and resilience in juvenile mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:2119-2142. [PMID: 30900007 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05209-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Major depressive disorder characterized as recurrent negative mood is one of the prevalent psychiatric diseases. Chronic stress plus lack of reward may induce long-term imbalance between reward and penalty circuits in the brain, leading to persistent negative mood. Numerous individuals demonstrate resilience to chronic mild stress. Molecular mechanisms for major depression and resilience in the brain remain unclear. METHODS After juvenile mice were treated by the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for 4 weeks, they were screened by sucrose preference, Y-maze and forced swimming tests to examine whether their behaviors were depression-like or not. mRNA and miRNA profiles were quantified by high-throughput sequencing in amygdala tissues harvested from control, CUMS-susceptible, and CUMS-resilience mice. RESULTS 1.5-fold ratio in reads per kilo-base per million reads was set to be the threshold to judge the involvement of mRNAs and miRNAs in the CUMS, major depression, or resilience. In the amygdala from CUMS-susceptible mice, the expression of genes relevant to GABAergic, cholinergic, glutamatergic, dopaminergic, and serotonergic synapses was changed, as well as the expression of genes that encoded signal pathways of PI3K-Akt, calcium, cAMP, MAPK, and drug addiction was imbalanced. The expression of these genes in the amygdala form CUMS-resilience mice was less changed. CONCLUSIONS The downregulation of genes relevant to synaptic functions and the imbalance of intra-signaling pathway in the amygdala are associated with major depression. Consistent results through sequencing mRNA and miRNA and using different methods validate our finding and conclusion.
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Zhao L, Chang H, Zhou DS, Cai J, Fan W, Tang W, Tang W, Li X, Liu W, Liu F, He Y, Bai Y, Sun Y, Dai J, Li L, Xiao X, Zhang C, Li M. Replicated associations of FADS1, MAD1L1, and a rare variant at 10q26.13 with bipolar disorder in Chinese population. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:270. [PMID: 30531795 PMCID: PMC6286364 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0337-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic analyses of psychiatric illnesses, such as bipolar disorder (BPD), have revealed essential information regarding the underlying pathological mechanisms. While such studies in populations of European ancestry have achieved prominent success, understanding the genetic risk factors of these illnesses (especially BPD) in Chinese population remains an urgent task. Given the lack of genome-wide association study (GWAS) of BPD in Chinese population from Mainland China, replicating the previously reported GWAS hits in distinct populations will provide valuable information for future GWAS analysis in Han Chinese. In the present study, we have recruited 1146 BPD cases and 1956 controls from Mainland China for genetic analyses, as well as 65 Han Chinese brain amygdala tissues for mRNA expression analyses. Using this clinical sample, one of the largest Han Chinese BPD samples till now, we have conducted replication analyses of 21 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) extracted from previous GWAS of distinct populations. Among the 21 tested SNPs, 16 showed the same direction of allelic effects in our samples compared with previous studies; 6 SNPs achieved nominal significance (p < 0.05) at one-tailed test, and 2 additional SNPs showed marginal significance (p < 0.10). Aside from replicating previously reported BPD risk SNPs, we herein also report several intriguing findings: (1) the SNP rs174576 was associated with BPD in our Chinese sample and in the overall global meta-analysis, and was significantly correlated with FADS1 mRNA in diverse public RNA-seq datasets as well as our in house collected Chinese amygdala samples; (2) two (partially) independent SNPs in MAD1L1 were both significantly associated with BPD in our Chinese sample, which was also supported by haplotype analysis; (3) a rare SNP rs78089757 in 10q26.13 region was a genome-wide significant variant for BPD in East Asians, and this SNP was near monomorphic in Europeans. In sum, these results confirmed several significant BPD risk genes. We hope this Chinese BPD case-control sample and the current brain amygdala tissues (with continuous increasing sample size in the near future) will provide helpful resources in elucidating the genetic and molecular basis of BPD in this major world population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weixing Fan
- Jinhua Second Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenxin Tang
- Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiqing Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuanfang He
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Bai
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Wuhan Institute for Neuroscience and Neuroengineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Chinese Brain Bank Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiapei Dai
- Wuhan Institute for Neuroscience and Neuroengineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Chinese Brain Bank Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lingyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Chen Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Li L, Ji E, Han X, Tang F, Bai Y, Peng D, Fang Y, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Yang H. Cortical thickness and subcortical volumes alterations in euthymic bipolar I patients treated with different mood stabilizers. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 13:1255-1264. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9950-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Skåtun KC, Kaufmann T, Tønnesen S, Biele G, Melle I, Agartz I, Alnæs D, Andreassen OA, Westlye LT. Global brain connectivity alterations in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar spectrum disorders. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2016; 41:331-41. [PMID: 26854755 PMCID: PMC5008922 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.150159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human brain is organized into functionally distinct modules of which interactions constitute the human functional connectome. Accumulating evidence has implicated perturbations in the patterns of brain connectivity across a range of neurologic and neuropsychiatric disorders, but little is known about diagnostic specificity. Schizophrenia and bipolar disorders are severe mental disorders with partly overlapping symptomatology. Neuroimaging has demonstrated brain network disintegration in the pathophysiologies; however, to which degree the 2 diagnoses present with overlapping abnormalities remains unclear. METHODS We collected resting-state fMRI data from patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and from healthy controls. Aiming to characterize connectivity differences across 2 severe mental disorders, we derived global functional connectivity using eigenvector centrality mapping, which allows for regional inference of centrality or importance in the brain network. RESULTS Seventy-one patients with schizophrenia, 43 with bipolar disorder and 196 healthy controls participated in our study. We found significant effects of diagnosis in 12 clusters, where pairwise comparisons showed decreased global connectivity in high-centrality clusters: sensory regions in patients with schizophrenia and subcortical regions in both patient groups. Increased connectivity occurred in frontal and parietal clusters in patients with schizophrenia, with intermediate effects in those with bipolar disorder. Patient groups differed in most cortical clusters, with the strongest effects in sensory regions. LIMITATIONS Methodological concerns of in-scanner motion and the use of full correlation measures may make analyses more vulnerable to noise. CONCLUSION Our results show decreased eigenvector centrality of limbic structures in both patient groups and in sensory regions in patients with schizophrenia as well as increased centrality in frontal and parietal regions in both groups, with stronger effects in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina C. Skåtun
- Correspondence to: K.C. Skåtun, Norment, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, PO Box 4956 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway;
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Tissue-specific regulatory circuits reveal variable modular perturbations across complex diseases. Nat Methods 2016; 13:366-70. [PMID: 26950747 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mapping perturbed molecular circuits that underlie complex diseases remains a great challenge. We developed a comprehensive resource of 394 cell type- and tissue-specific gene regulatory networks for human, each specifying the genome-wide connectivity among transcription factors, enhancers, promoters and genes. Integration with 37 genome-wide association studies (GWASs) showed that disease-associated genetic variants--including variants that do not reach genome-wide significance--often perturb regulatory modules that are highly specific to disease-relevant cell types or tissues. Our resource opens the door to systematic analysis of regulatory programs across hundreds of human cell types and tissues (http://regulatorycircuits.org).
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Smagin DA, Park JH, Michurina TV, Peunova N, Glass Z, Sayed K, Bondar NP, Kovalenko IN, Kudryavtseva NN, Enikolopov G. Altered Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Amygdalar Neuronal Activity in Adult Mice with Repeated Experience of Aggression. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:443. [PMID: 26648838 PMCID: PMC4664700 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated experience of winning in a social conflict setting elevates levels of aggression and may lead to violent behavioral patterns. Here, we use a paradigm of repeated aggression and fighting deprivation to examine changes in behavior, neurogenesis, and neuronal activity in mice with positive fighting experience. We show that for males, repeated positive fighting experience induces persistent demonstration of aggression and stereotypic behaviors in daily agonistic interactions, enhances aggressive motivation, and elevates levels of anxiety. When winning males are deprived of opportunities to engage in further fights, they demonstrate increased levels of aggressiveness. Positive fighting experience results in increased levels of progenitor cell proliferation and production of young neurons in the hippocampus. This increase is not diminished after a fighting deprivation period. Furthermore, repeated winning experience decreases the number of activated (c-fos-positive) cells in the basolateral amygdala and increases the number of activated cells in the hippocampus; a subsequent no-fight period restores the number of c-fos-positive cells. Our results indicate that extended positive fighting experience in a social conflict heightens aggression, increases proliferation of neuronal progenitors and production of young neurons in the hippocampus, and decreases neuronal activity in the amygdala; these changes can be modified by depriving the winners of the opportunity for further fights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A. Smagin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesNovosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Nano-, Bio-, Information Technology and Cognitive Science, Moscow Institute of Physics and TechnologyMoscow, Russia
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring HarborNY, USA
| | - June-Hee Park
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring HarborNY, USA
| | - Tatyana V. Michurina
- Department of Nano-, Bio-, Information Technology and Cognitive Science, Moscow Institute of Physics and TechnologyMoscow, Russia
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring HarborNY, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook School of MedicineStony Brook, NY, USA
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook UniversityStony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Natalia Peunova
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring HarborNY, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook School of MedicineStony Brook, NY, USA
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook UniversityStony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Zachary Glass
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring HarborNY, USA
| | - Kasim Sayed
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring HarborNY, USA
| | - Natalya P. Bondar
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesNovosibirsk, Russia
| | - Irina N. Kovalenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesNovosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalia N. Kudryavtseva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesNovosibirsk, Russia
| | - Grigori Enikolopov
- Department of Nano-, Bio-, Information Technology and Cognitive Science, Moscow Institute of Physics and TechnologyMoscow, Russia
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring HarborNY, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook School of MedicineStony Brook, NY, USA
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook UniversityStony Brook, NY, USA
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Liu B, Feng J, Wang JH. Protein kinase C is essential for kainate-induced anxiety-related behavior and glutamatergic synapse upregulation in prelimbic cortex. CNS Neurosci Ther 2014; 20:982-90. [PMID: 25180671 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Anxiety is one of common mood disorders, in which the deficit of serotonergic and GABAergic synaptic functions in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex is believed to be involved. The pathological changes at the glutamatergic synapses and neurons in these brain regions as well as their underlying mechanisms remain elusive, which we aim to investigate. METHODS An agonist of kainate-type glutamate receptors, kainic acid, was applied to induce anxiety-related behaviors. The morphology and functions of glutamatergic synapses in the prelimbic region of mouse prefrontal cortex were analyzed using cellular imaging and electrophysiology. RESULTS After kainate-induced anxiety is onset, the signal transmission at the glutamatergic synapses is upregulated, and the dendritic spine heads are enlarged. In terms of the molecular mechanisms, the upregulated synaptic plasticity is associated with the expression of more protein kinase C (PKC) in the dendritic spines. Chelerythrine, a PKC inhibitor, reverses kainate-induced anxiety and anxiety-related glutamatergic synapse upregulation. CONCLUSION The activation of glutamatergic kainate-type receptors leads to anxiety-related behaviors and glutamatergic synapse upregulation through protein kinase C in the prelimbic region of the mouse prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Liu
- College of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; State Key Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Kelley R, Chang KD, Garrett A, Alegría D, Thompson P, Howe M, L Reiss A. Deformations of amygdala morphology in familial pediatric bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2013; 15:795-802. [PMID: 24034354 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Smaller amygdalar volumes have been consistently observed in pediatric bipolar disorder subjects compared to healthy control subjects. Whether smaller amygdalar volume is a consequence or antecedent of the first episode of mania is not known. Additionally, smaller volume has not been localized to specific amygdala subregions. METHODS We compared surface contour maps of the amygdala between 22 youths at high risk for bipolar disorder, 26 youths meeting full diagnostic criteria for pediatric familial bipolar disorder, and 24 healthy control subjects matched for age, gender, and intelligence quotient. Amygdalae were manually delineated on three-dimensional spoiled gradient echo images by a blinded rater using established tracing protocols. Statistical surface mesh modeling algorithms supported by permutation statistics were used to identify regional surface differences between the groups. RESULTS When compared to high-risk subjects and controls, youth with bipolar disorder showed surface deformations in specific amygdalar subregions, suggesting smaller volume of the basolateral nuclei. The high-risk subjects did not differ from controls in any subregion. CONCLUSIONS These findings support previous reports of smaller amygdala volume in pediatric bipolar disorder and map the location of abnormality to specific amygdala subregions. These subregions have been associated with fear conditioning and emotion-enhanced memory. The absence of amygdala size abnormalities in youth at high risk for bipolar disorder suggests that reductions might occur after the onset of mania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Kelley
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research (CIBSR), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
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Aroniadou-Anderjaska V, Pidoplichko VI, Figueiredo TH, Almeida-Suhett CP, Prager EM, Braga MFM. Presynaptic facilitation of glutamate release in the basolateral amygdala: a mechanism for the anxiogenic and seizurogenic function of GluK1 receptors. Neuroscience 2012; 221:157-69. [PMID: 22796081 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kainate receptors containing the GluK1 subunit (GluK1Rs; previously known as GluR5 kainate receptors) are concentrated in certain brain regions, where they play a prominent role in the regulation of neuronal excitability, by modulating GABAergic and/or glutamatergic synaptic transmission. In the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA), which plays a central role in anxiety as well as in seizure generation, GluK1Rs modulate GABAergic inhibition via postsynaptic and presynaptic mechanisms. However, the role of these receptors in the regulation of glutamate release, and the net effect of their activation on the excitability of the BLA network are not well understood. Here, we show that in amygdala slices from 35- to 50-day-old rats, the GluK1 agonist (RS)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-tert-butylisoxazol-4-yl) propanoic acid (ATPA) (300 nM) increased the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) and miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs) recorded from BLA principal neurons, and decreased the rate of failures of evoked EPSCs. The GluK1 antagonist (S)-1-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-3-(2-carboxybenzyl) pyrimidine-2,4-dione (UBP302) (25 or 30 μM) decreased the frequency of mEPSCs, reduced evoked field potentials, and increased the "paired-pulse ratio" of the field potential amplitudes. Taken together, these results suggest that GluK1Rs in the rat BLA are present on presynaptic terminals of principal neurons, where they mediate facilitation of glutamate release. In vivo bilateral microinjections of ATPA (250 pmol) into the rat BLA increased anxiety-like behavior in the open field test, while 2 nmol ATPA induced seizures. Similar intra-BLA injections of UBP302 (20 nmol) had anxiolytic effects in the open field and the acoustic startle response tests, without affecting pre-pulse inhibition. These results suggest that although GluK1Rs in the rat BLA facilitate both GABA and glutamate release, the facilitation of glutamate release prevails, and these receptors can have an anxiogenic and seizurogenic net function. Presynaptic facilitation of glutamate release may, in part, underlie the hyperexcitability-promoting effects of GluK1R activation in the rat BLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Aroniadou-Anderjaska
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Zhang F, Liu B, Lei Z, Wang JH. mGluR₁,5 activation improves network asynchrony and GABAergic synapse attenuation in the amygdala: implication for anxiety-like behavior in DBA/2 mice. Mol Brain 2012; 5:20. [PMID: 22681774 PMCID: PMC3475049 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6606-5-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety is a prevalent psychological disorder, in which the atypical expression of certain genes and the abnormality of amygdala are involved. Intermediate processes between genetic defects and anxiety, pathophysiological characteristics of neural network, remain unclear. Using behavioral task, two-photon cellular imaging and electrophysiology, we studied the characteristics of neural networks in basolateral amygdala and the influences of metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) on their dynamics in DBA/2 mice showing anxiety-related genetic defects. Amygdala neurons in DBA/2 high anxiety mice express asynchronous activity and diverse excitability, and their GABAergic synapses demonstrate weak transmission, compared to those in low anxiety FVB/N mice. mGluR1,5 activation improves the anxiety-like behaviors of DBA/2 mice, synchronizes the activity of amygdala neurons and strengthens the transmission of GABAergic synapses. The activity asynchrony of amygdala neurons and the weakness of GABA synaptic transmission are associated with anxiety-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China
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Karchemskiy A, Garrett A, Howe M, Adleman N, Simeonova DI, Alegria D, Reiss A, Chang K. Amygdalar, hippocampal, and thalamic volumes in youth at high risk for development of bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res 2011; 194:319-325. [PMID: 22041532 PMCID: PMC3225692 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Children of parents with bipolar disorder (BD), especially those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and symptoms of depression or mania, are at significantly high risk for developing BD. As we have previously shown amygdalar reductions in pediatric BD, the current study examined amygdalar volumes in offspring of parents (BD offspring) who have not yet developed a full manic episode. Youth participating in the study included 22 BD offspring and 22 healthy controls of comparable age, gender, handedness, and IQ. Subjects had no history of a manic episode, but met criteria for ADHD and moderate mood symptoms. MRI was performed on a 3T GE scanner, using a 3D volumetric spoiled gradient echo series. Amygdalae were manually traced using BrainImage Java software on positionally normalized brain stacks. Bipolar offspring had similar amygdalar volumes compared to the control group. Exploratory analyses yielded no differences in hippocampal or thalamic volumes. Bipolar offspring do not show decreased amygdalar volume, possibly because these abnormalities occur after more prolonged illness rather than as a preexisting risk factor. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether amygdalar volumes change during and after the development of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asya Karchemskiy
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Stanford University Department of Psychiatry
| | - Amy Garrett
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Stanford University Department of Psychiatry
| | - Meghan Howe
- Pediatric Bipolar Disorders Program, Stanford University Department of Psychiatry
| | - Nancy Adleman
- Pediatric Bipolar Disorders Program, Stanford University Department of Psychiatry
| | - Diana I. Simeonova
- Child and Adolescent Mood Program, Emory University Department of Psychiatry
| | - Dylan Alegria
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Stanford University Department of Psychiatry
| | - Allan Reiss
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Stanford University Department of Psychiatry
| | - Kiki Chang
- Pediatric Bipolar Disorders Program, Stanford University Department of Psychiatry, Stanford, CA, United States.
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Abazyan B, Nomura J, Kannan G, Ishizuka K, Tamashiro KLK, Nucifora F, Pogorelov V, Ladenheim B, Yang C, Krasnova IN, Cadet JL, Pardo C, Mori S, Kamiya A, Vogel M, Sawa A, Ross CA, Pletnikov MV. Prenatal interaction of mutant DISC1 and immune activation produces adult psychopathology. Biol Psychiatry 2010; 68:1172-81. [PMID: 21130225 PMCID: PMC3026608 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene-environment interactions (GEI) are involved in the pathogenesis of mental diseases. We evaluated interaction between mutant human disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (mhDISC1) and maternal immune activation implicated in schizophrenia and mood disorders. METHODS Pregnant mice were treated with saline or polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid at gestation day 9. Levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured in fetal and adult brains; expression of mhDISC1, endogenous DISC1, lissencephaly type 1, nuclear distribution protein nudE-like 1, glycoprotein 130, growth factor receptor-bound protein 2, and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta were assessed in cortical samples of newborn mice. Tissue content of monoamines, volumetric brain abnormalities, dendritic spine density in the hippocampus, and various domains of the mouse behavior repertoire were evaluated in adult male mice. RESULTS Prenatal interaction produced anxiety, depression-like responses, and altered social behavior that were accompanied by decreased reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, attenuated serotonin neurotransmission in the hippocampus, reduced enlargement of lateral ventricles, decreased volumes of amygdala and periaqueductal gray matter and density of spines on dendrites of granule cells of the hippocampus. Prenatal interaction modulated secretion of inflammatory cytokines in fetal brains, levels of mhDISC1, endogenous mouse DISC1, and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta. The behavioral effects of GEI were observed only if mhDISC1 was expressed throughout the life span. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal immune activation interacted with mhDISC1 to produce the neurobehavioral phenotypes that were not seen in untreated mhDISC1 mice and that resemble aspects of major mental illnesses. Our DISC1 mouse model is a valuable system to study GEI relevant to mental illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Abazyan
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - J. Nomura
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - G. Kannan
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - K. Ishizuka
- Program in Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - K. L. K. Tamashiro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - F. Nucifora
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - V. Pogorelov
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - B. Ladenheim
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Branch, NIDA, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD
| | - C. Yang
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - I. N. Krasnova
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Branch, NIDA, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD
| | - J. L. Cadet
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Branch, NIDA, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD
| | - C. Pardo
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - S. Mori
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - A. Kamiya
- Program in Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - M. Vogel
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - A. Sawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, Program in Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, The McKusick-Nathans Institute for Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - C. A. Ross
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - M. V. Pletnikov
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD,The corresponding author: Mikhail V. Pletnikov, MD; PhD, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street; CMSC 8-121, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA, Phone: 410-502-3760, FAX: 410-614-0013,
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24
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Schumann CM, Bauman MD, Amaral DG. Abnormal structure or function of the amygdala is a common component of neurodevelopmental disorders. Neuropsychologia 2010; 49:745-59. [PMID: 20950634 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The amygdala, perhaps more than any other brain region, has been implicated in numerous neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. It is part of a system initially evolved to detect dangers in the environment and modulate subsequent responses, which can profoundly influence human behavior. If its threshold is set too low, normally benign aspects of the environment are perceived as dangers, interactions are limited, and anxiety may arise. If set too high, risk taking increases and inappropriate sociality may occur. Given that many neurodevelopmental disorders involve too little or too much anxiety or too little of too much social interaction, it is not surprising that the amygdala has been implicated in many of them. In this chapter, we begin by providing a brief overview of the phylogeny, ontogeny, and function of the amygdala and then appraise data from neurodevelopmental disorders which suggest amygdala dysregulation. We focus on neurodevelopmental disorders where there is evidence of amygdala dysregulation from postmortem studies, structural MRI analyses or functional MRI. However, the results are often disparate and it is not totally clear whether this is due to inherent heterogeneity or differences in methodology. Nonetheless, the amygdala is a common site for neuropathology in neurodevelopmental disorders and is therefore a potential target for therapeutics to alleviate associated symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M Schumann
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95618, USA.
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25
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Johnson S, Wang JF, Sun X, McEwen B, Chattarji S, Young L. Lithium treatment prevents stress-induced dendritic remodeling in the rodent amygdala. Neuroscience 2009; 163:34-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2009] [Revised: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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