1
|
Kim HE, Kim BR, Hong SH, Song SY, Jeong JH, Kim GH. Predicting superagers: a machine learning approach utilizing gut microbiome features. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1444998. [PMID: 39314993 PMCID: PMC11417495 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1444998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Cognitive decline is often considered an inevitable aspect of aging; however, recent research has identified a subset of older adults known as "superagers" who maintain cognitive abilities comparable to those of younger individuals. Investigating the neurobiological characteristics associated with superior cognitive function in superagers is essential for understanding "successful aging." Evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays a key role in brain function, forming a bidirectional communication network known as the microbiome-gut-brain axis. Alterations in the gut microbiome have been linked to cognitive aging markers such as oxidative stress and inflammation. This study aims to investigate the unique patterns of the gut microbiome in superagers and to develop machine learning-based predictive models to differentiate superagers from typical agers. Methods We recruited 161 cognitively unimpaired, community-dwelling volunteers aged 60 years or from dementia prevention centers in Seoul, South Korea. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 115 participants were included in the study. Following the removal of microbiome data outliers, 102 participants, comprising 57 superagers and 45 typical agers, were finally analyzed. Superagers were defined based on memory performance at or above average normative values of middle-aged adults. Gut microbiome data were collected from stool samples, and microbial DNA was extracted and sequenced. Relative abundances of bacterial genera were used as features for model development. We employed the LightGBM algorithm to build predictive models and utilized SHAP analysis for feature importance and interpretability. Results The predictive model achieved an AUC of 0.832 and accuracy of 0.764 in the training dataset, and an AUC of 0.861 and accuracy of 0.762 in the test dataset. Significant microbiome features for distinguishing superagers included Alistipes, PAC001137_g, PAC001138_g, Leuconostoc, and PAC001115_g. SHAP analysis revealed that higher abundances of certain genera, such as PAC001138_g and PAC001115_g, positively influenced the likelihood of being classified as superagers. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate the machine learning-based predictive models using gut-microbiome features can differentiate superagers from typical agers with a reasonable performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ha Eun Kim
- Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Ewha Womans University, College of Artificial Intelligence, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bori R. Kim
- Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hi Hong
- GI&Neurology Part, R&D, CJ Bioscience, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jee Hyang Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon Ha Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vanderlip CR, Lee MD, Stark CEL. Cognitive modeling of the Mnemonic Similarity Task as a digital biomarker for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 39239893 DOI: 10.1002/alz.14163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST) is a popular memory task designed to assess hippocampal integrity. We assessed whether analyzing MST performance using a multinomial processing tree (MPT) cognitive model could detect individuals with elevated Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker status prior to cognitive decline. METHOD We analyzed MST data from >200 individuals (young, cognitively healthy older adults and individuals with mild cognitive impairment [MCI]), a subset of which also had existing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau (pTau) data using both traditional and model-derived approaches. We assessed how well each could predict age group, memory ability, MCI status, Aβ, and pTau status using receiver operating characteristic analyses. RESULTS Both approaches predicted age group membership equally, but MPT-derived metrics exceeded traditional metrics in all other comparisons. DISCUSSION A MPT model of the MST can detect individuals with AD prior to cognitive decline, making it a potentially useful tool for screening and monitoring older adults during the asymptomatic phase of AD. HIGHLIGHTS The MST, along with cognitive modeling, identifies individuals with memory deficits and cognitive impairment. Cognitive modeling of the MST identifies individuals with increased AD biomarkers prior to changes in cognitive function. The MST is a digital biomarker that identifies individuals at high risk of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Casey R Vanderlip
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, 1424 Biological Sciences III, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Michael D Lee
- Department of Cognitive Science, 3151 Social Sciences Plaza A, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Craig E L Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, 1424 Biological Sciences III, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Leclaire KN, Blujus JK, Korthauer LE, Driscoll I. APOE4-related differences in cortical thickness are modulated by sex in middle age. Brain Imaging Behav 2024:10.1007/s11682-024-00911-9. [PMID: 39196521 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-024-00911-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4, the strongest genetic risk for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), confers greater risk in females than males. While APOE4-related modulation of structural brain integrity in AD is well documented, extant literature on sex-APOE interactions has focused on older adults. The understanding of the healthy brain as a part of the normal aging process and as distinct from explicit disease or pathology is essential before comparison can be made with pathological states. Hence, it is crucial to characterize and better understand these relationships in middle-age prior to the onset of overt clinical symptoms and advanced neurodegeneration. The present study examined the relationships between sex, APOE status, and cortical thickness in 128 healthy, cognitively unimpaired, middle-aged adults (ages 40-60, M(SD) = 49.97(6.04); 77 females). All participants underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging and were genotyped for APOE (APOE4 + = 38; APOE4- = 90). Compared to males, females had thicker superior frontal cortices bilaterally, left middle temporal cortex, and left pars triangularis. APOE4 + had thinner left rostral middle frontal gyrus compared to APOE4-. Female compared to male APOE4- had thicker left banks of the superior temporal sulcus, left caudal anterior cingulate, left superior frontal, left superior parietal, and right precentral cortices. Female compared to male APOE4 + had thicker superior frontal cortices bilaterally. Female APOE4 + had thinner left rostral anterior cingulate cortex compared to female APOE4-. Overall, APOE-related differences in cortical thickness are more pronounced in females and detectable in middle age, well before the onset of overt clinical symptoms of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlynne N Leclaire
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2441 E. Hartford Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA
| | - Jenna K Blujus
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2441 E. Hartford Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA
| | - Laura E Korthauer
- Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Ira Driscoll
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2441 E. Hartford Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA.
- Geriatrics and Gerontology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of WI - Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of WI - Madison, J5/M192 Clinical Science Center, 00 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Harrison TM, Chadwick T, Pezzoli S, Lee J, Landau SM, Jagust WJ. Cognitive Trajectories and Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers: From Successful Cognitive Aging to Clinical Impairment. Ann Neurol 2024; 96:378-389. [PMID: 38747315 PMCID: PMC11236492 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cross-sectional definitions of successful cognitive aging have been widely utilized, but longitudinal measurements can identify people who do not decline. We performed this study to contrast maintenance with declining trajectories, including clinical conversion. METHODS We included baseline cognitively unimpaired Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative participants with 3 or more cognitive testing sessions (n = 539, follow-up 6.1 ± 3.5 years) and calculated slopes of an episodic memory composite (MEM) to classify them into two groups: maintainers (slope ≥ 0) and decliners (slope < 0). Within decliners, we examined a subgroup of individuals who became clinically impaired during follow-up. These groups were compared on baseline characteristics and cognitive performance, as well as both cross-sectional and longitudinal Alzheimer disease (AD) biomarker measures (beta-amyloid [Aβ], tau, and hippocampal volume). RESULTS Forty-one percent (n = 221) of the cohort were MEM maintainers, and 33% (n = 105) of decliners converted to clinical impairment during follow-up. Compared to those with superior baseline scores, maintainers had lower education and were more likely to be male. Maintainers and decliners did not differ on baseline MEM scores, but maintainers did have higher non-MEM cognitive scores. Maintainers had lower baseline global Aβ, lower tau pathology, and larger hippocampal volumes than decliners, even after removing converters. There were no differences in rates of change of any AD biomarkers between any cognitive trajectory groups except for a higher rate of hippocampal atrophy in clinical converters compared to maintainers. INTERPRETATION Using longitudinal data to define cognitive trajectory groups reduces education and sex bias and reveals the prognostic importance of early onset of accumulation of AD pathology. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:378-389.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa M Harrison
- Neuroscience Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Trevor Chadwick
- Neuroscience Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Stefania Pezzoli
- Neuroscience Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - JiaQie Lee
- Neuroscience Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Susan M Landau
- Neuroscience Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - William J Jagust
- Neuroscience Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hermansen M, Nygaard M, Tan Q, Jeune B, Semkovska M, Christensen K, Thinggaard M, Mengel-From J. Cognitively high-performing oldest old individuals are physically active and have strong motor skills-A study of the Danish 1905 and 1915 birth cohorts. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 122:105398. [PMID: 38460266 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Preserving cognitive function with age or super-aging greatly contributes to successful aging. Super-aging nonagenarians born in Denmark in either year 1905 or 1915 were classified as Cognitively High-Performing Oldest Old individuals with a five item cognitive composite score, equivalent to or better than mean middle-aged subjects. Cognitively high-performers were more physically active and had a better physical performance on e.g., Activity of Daily Living (p-value < 0.01), gait speed (p-value < 0.01) and grip strength (p-value < 0.05) compared with age-matched peers. Cognitive high-performing was also linked to lower depression symptomatology. When comparing super-agers with semi super-agers classified by Mini Mental State Examination > 27, super-agers were still more physically active and had a better physical performance (p-value < 0.05). Results suggests that physical activity is a lifestyle factor strongly associated with both semi and full cognitive super-aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Hermansen
- The Danish Twin Registry and Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marianne Nygaard
- The Danish Twin Registry and Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Qihua Tan
- The Danish Twin Registry and Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Bernard Jeune
- The Danish Twin Registry and Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria Semkovska
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Twin Registry and Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Mikael Thinggaard
- The Danish Twin Registry and Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jonas Mengel-From
- The Danish Twin Registry and Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Garo-Pascual M, Zhang L, Valentí-Soler M, Strange BA. Superagers Resist Typical Age-Related White Matter Structural Changes. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e2059232024. [PMID: 38684365 PMCID: PMC11209667 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2059-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Superagers are elderly individuals with the memory ability of people 30 years younger and provide evidence that age-related cognitive decline is not inevitable. In a sample of 64 superagers (mean age, 81.9; 59% women) and 55 typical older adults (mean age, 82.4; 64% women) from the Vallecas Project, we studied, cross-sectionally and longitudinally over 5 years with yearly follow-ups, the global cerebral white matter status as well as region-specific white matter microstructure assessment derived from diffusivity measures. Superagers and typical older adults showed no difference in global white matter health (total white matter volume, Fazekas score, and lesions volume) cross-sectionally or longitudinally. However, analyses of diffusion parameters revealed the better white matter microstructure in superagers than in typical older adults. Cross-sectional differences showed higher fractional anisotropy (FA) in superagers mostly in frontal fibers and lower mean diffusivity (MD) in most white matter tracts, expressed as an anteroposterior gradient with greater group differences in anterior tracts. FA decrease over time is slower in superagers than in typical older adults in all white matter tracts assessed, which is mirrored by MD increases over time being slower in superagers than in typical older adults in all white matter tracts except for the corticospinal tract, the uncinate fasciculus, and the forceps minor. The better preservation of white matter microstructure in superagers relative to typical older adults supports resistance to age-related brain structural changes as a mechanism underpinning the remarkable memory capacity of superagers, while their regional aging pattern is in line with the last-in-first-out hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Garo-Pascual
- Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, IdISSC, Madrid 28223, Spain
- Alzheimer Disease Research Unit, CIEN Foundation, Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Centre, Madrid 28031, Spain
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, Autonomous University of Madrid-Cajal Institute, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Linda Zhang
- Alzheimer Disease Research Unit, CIEN Foundation, Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Centre, Madrid 28031, Spain
| | - Meritxell Valentí-Soler
- Alzheimer Disease Research Unit, CIEN Foundation, Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Centre, Madrid 28031, Spain
| | - Bryan A Strange
- Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, IdISSC, Madrid 28223, Spain
- Alzheimer Disease Research Unit, CIEN Foundation, Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Centre, Madrid 28031, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Diamond BR, Sridhar J, Maier J, Martersteck AC, Rogalski EJ. SuperAging functional connectomics from resting-state functional MRI. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae205. [PMID: 38978723 PMCID: PMC11228547 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between functional connectivity (FC) of higher-order neurocognitive networks and age-related cognitive decline is a complex and evolving field of research. Decreases in FC have been associated with cognitive decline in persons with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). However, the contributions of FC have been less straightforward in typical cognitive aging. Some investigations suggest relatively robust FC within neurocognitive networks differentiates unusually successful cognitive aging from average aging, while others do not. Methodologic limitations in data processing and varying definitions of 'successful aging' may have contributed to the inconsistent results to date. The current study seeks to address previous limitations by optimized MRI methods to examine FC in the well-established SuperAging phenotype, defined by age and cognitive performance as individuals 80 and older with episodic memory performance equal to or better than 50-to-60-year-olds. Within- and between-network FC of large-scale neurocognitive networks were compared between 24 SuperAgers and 16 cognitively average older-aged control (OACs) with stable cognitive profiles using resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) from a single visit. Group classification was determined based on measures of episodic memory, executive functioning, verbal fluency and picture naming. Inclusion criteria required stable cognitive status across two visits. First, we investigated the FC within and between seven resting-state networks from a common atlas parcellation. A separate index of network segregation was also compared between groups. Second, we investigated the FC between six subcomponents of the default mode network (DMN), the neurocognitive network commonly associated with memory performance and disrupted in persons with ADRD. For each analysis, FCs were compared across groups using two-sample independent t-tests and corrected for multiple comparisons. There were no significant between-group differences in demographic characteristics including age, sex and education. At the group-level, within-network FC, between-network FC, and segregation measurements of seven large-scale networks, including subcomponents of the DMN, were not a primary differentiator between cognitively average aging and SuperAging phenotypes. Thus, FC within or between large-scale networks does not appear to be a primary driver of the exceptional memory performance observed in SuperAgers. These results have relevance for differentiating the role of FC changes associated with cognitive aging from those associated with ADRD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bram R Diamond
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Healthy Aging & Alzheimer’s Research Care (HAARC) Center, Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jaiashre Sridhar
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jessica Maier
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 W Call St, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Adam C Martersteck
- Healthy Aging & Alzheimer’s Research Care (HAARC) Center, Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Emily J Rogalski
- Healthy Aging & Alzheimer’s Research Care (HAARC) Center, Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nyberg L. Longitudinal data are crucial for identifying superagers. AGING BRAIN 2024; 5:100118. [PMID: 38948445 PMCID: PMC11211231 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2024.100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Nyberg
- Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology,Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Center for LifespanChanges in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Luleå Universityof Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Prince JB, Davis HL, Tan J, Muller-Townsend K, Markovic S, Lewis DMG, Hastie B, Thompson MB, Drummond PD, Fujiyama H, Sohrabi HR. Cognitive and neuroscientific perspectives of healthy ageing. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 161:105649. [PMID: 38579902 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
With dementia incidence projected to escalate significantly within the next 25 years, the United Nations declared 2021-2030 the Decade of Healthy Ageing, emphasising cognition as a crucial element. As a leading discipline in cognition and ageing research, psychology is well-equipped to offer insights for translational research, clinical practice, and policy-making. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the current state of knowledge on age-related changes in cognition and psychological health. We discuss cognitive changes during ageing, including (a) heterogeneity in the rate, trajectory, and characteristics of decline experienced by older adults, (b) the role of cognitive reserve in age-related cognitive decline, and (c) the potential for cognitive training to slow this decline. We also examine ageing and cognition through multiple theoretical perspectives. We highlight critical unresolved issues, such as the disparate implications of subjective versus objective measures of cognitive decline and the insufficient evaluation of cognitive training programs. We suggest future research directions, and emphasise interdisciplinary collaboration to create a more comprehensive understanding of the factors that modulate cognitive ageing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jon B Prince
- School of Psychology, Murdoch University, WA, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, WA, Australia.
| | - Helen L Davis
- School of Psychology, Murdoch University, WA, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, WA, Australia
| | - Jane Tan
- School of Psychology, Murdoch University, WA, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, WA, Australia
| | - Katrina Muller-Townsend
- School of Psychology, Murdoch University, WA, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, WA, Australia
| | - Shaun Markovic
- School of Psychology, Murdoch University, WA, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, WA, Australia; Discipline of Psychology, Counselling and Criminology, Edith Cowan University, WA, Australia
| | - David M G Lewis
- School of Psychology, Murdoch University, WA, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, WA, Australia
| | | | - Matthew B Thompson
- School of Psychology, Murdoch University, WA, Australia; Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, WA, Australia
| | - Peter D Drummond
- School of Psychology, Murdoch University, WA, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, WA, Australia
| | - Hakuei Fujiyama
- School of Psychology, Murdoch University, WA, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, WA, Australia; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, WA, Australia
| | - Hamid R Sohrabi
- School of Psychology, Murdoch University, WA, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, WA, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, WA, Australia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Islam MA, Sehar U, Sultana OF, Mukherjee U, Brownell M, Kshirsagar S, Reddy PH. SuperAgers and centenarians, dynamics of healthy ageing with cognitive resilience. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 219:111936. [PMID: 38657874 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Graceful healthy ageing and extended longevity is the most desired goal for human race. The process of ageing is inevitable and has a profound impact on the gradual deterioration of our physiology and health since it triggers the onset of many chronic conditions like dementia, osteoporosis, diabetes, arthritis, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. However, some people who lived/live more than 100 years called 'Centenarians" and how do they achieve their extended lifespans are not completely understood. Studying these unknown factors of longevity is important not only to establish a longer human lifespan but also to manage and treat people with shortened lifespans suffering from age-related morbidities. Furthermore, older adults who maintain strong cognitive function are referred to as "SuperAgers" and may be resistant to risk factors linked to cognitive decline. Investigating the mechanisms underlying their cognitive resilience may contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies that support the preservation of cognitive function as people age. The key to a long, physically, and cognitively healthy life has been a mystery to scientists for ages. Developments in the medical sciences helps us to a better understanding of human physiological function and greater access to medical care has led us to an increase in life expectancy. Moreover, inheriting favorable genetic traits and adopting a healthy lifestyle play pivotal roles in promoting longer and healthier lives. Engaging in regular physical activity, maintaining a balanced diet, and avoiding harmful habits such as smoking contribute to overall well-being. The synergy between positive lifestyle choices, access to education, socio-economic factors, environmental determinants and genetic supremacy enhances the potential for a longer and healthier life. Our article aims to examine the factors associated with healthy ageing, particularly focusing on cognitive health in centenarians. We will also be discussing different aspects of ageing including genomic instability, metabolic burden, oxidative stress and inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, immunosenescence, and sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Ariful Islam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ujala Sehar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Omme Fatema Sultana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Upasana Mukherjee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Malcolm Brownell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Sudhir Kshirsagar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Doyle C, Andel R, Saenz J, Crowe M. Correlates of SuperAging in Two Population-Based Samples of Hispanic Older Adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2024; 79:gbae058. [PMID: 38581241 PMCID: PMC11075730 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbae058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES "SuperAgers" are generally defined as people 80+ years old with episodic memory performance comparable to those 20 years younger. Limited knowledge exists to describe characteristics of SuperAgers, with even less known about Hispanic SuperAgers. METHODS We examined indicators of cognitive, physical, and psychological resilience in relation to the likelihood of being a SuperAger using data from 2 population-based studies of Hispanic older adults (Puerto Rican Elderly: Health Conditions [PREHCO] Study; Health and Retirement Study [HRS]). SuperAgers were defined as (1) ≥80 years old, (2) recall scores ≥ the median for Hispanic respondents aged 55-64, and (3) no cognitive impairment during the observation period. Overall, 640 PREHCO participants and 180 HRS participants were eligible, of whom 45 (7%) and 31 (17%) met SuperAging criteria. RESULTS Logistic regressions controlling for age and sex demonstrated that higher education (PREHCO: odds ratio [OR] = 1.20, p < .001; HRS: OR = 1.14, p = .044) and fewer instrumental activities of daily living limitations (PREHCO: OR = 0.79, p = .019; HRS: OR = 0.58, p = .077; cognitive resilience), fewer activities of daily living limitations (PREHCO: OR = 0.72, p = .031; HRS: OR = 0.67, p = .068; physical resilience), and fewer depressive symptoms (PREHCO: OR = 0.84, p = .015; HRS: OR = 0.69, p = .007; psychological resilience) were associated with SuperAging, although not all results reached threshold for statistical significance, presumably due to low statistical power. Additionally, known indicators of physical health (e.g., chronic conditions and self-rated health) did not relate to SuperAging. DISCUSSION Increasing access to education and recognizing/treating depressive symptoms represent potential pathways to preserve episodic memory among older Hispanic adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cassidy Doyle
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Ross Andel
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Joseph Saenz
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Michael Crowe
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lin CY, Li F, An HH, Zhai YJ, Li JB, Qiu HN, Wu F, Chen T, Lin JN. The impact of dietary acid load on super-agers with exceptional cognitive abilities: a propensity score analysis of national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) 2011-2014. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100238. [PMID: 38663039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES 'Super-agers,' individuals over 80 with memory abilities comparable to those 20-30 years younger. The relationship between super-agers and dietary acid load (DAL) is an area that warrants further investigation. We aim to examine the link between DAL and super-agers and assess DAL's effects on cognitive functions across different age groups and cognitive domains. DESIGN Employing a cross-sectional analysis of the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data, we utilized propensity score analysis and multivariate-adjusted regression to mitigate confounding factors. SETTING Older adults aged 60 and above in the United States. PARTICIPANTS Our primary analysis encompassed 985 older adults, supplemented by a sensitivity analysis with 2,522 participants. MEASUREMENTS DAL was assessed through potential renal acid load (PRAL), estimated net acid excretion (NAEes), and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) indices. RESULTS Super-agers demonstrate a preference for alkaline diets, shown by their lower DAL indices. After inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), multivariate-adjusted logistic regression reveals that each unit reduction in NAEes and PRAL increases the chances of being a super-ager by 3.9% and 3.0%, respectively. The DAL's impact on cognitive function becomes more pronounced with age. Lower PRAL and NAEes scores are significantly linked to higher situational memory and overall cognitive performance scores in those over 70, with these effects being even more pronounced in participants over 80. CONCLUSION This research pioneers in demonstrating that super-agers prefer an alkaline diet, highlighting the potential role of alkaline diet in countering cognitive decline associated with aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Ying Lin
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Health Management Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Hao-Hua An
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Ya-Jie Zhai
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-Bo Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Health Management Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Hui-Na Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology, Health Management Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Health Management Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Tong Chen
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-Na Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Health Management Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300121, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Herber CS, Pratt KJ, Shea JM, Villeda SA, Giocomo LM. Spatial Coding Dysfunction and Network Instability in the Aging Medial Entorhinal Cortex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.12.588890. [PMID: 38659809 PMCID: PMC11042240 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.12.588890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Across species, spatial memory declines with age, possibly reflecting altered hippocampal and medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) function. However, the integrity of cellular and network-level spatial coding in aged MEC is unknown. Here, we leveraged in vivo electrophysiology to assess MEC function in young, middle-aged, and aged mice navigating virtual environments. In aged grid cells, we observed impaired stabilization of context-specific spatial firing, correlated with spatial memory deficits. Additionally, aged grid networks shifted firing patterns often but with poor alignment to context changes. Aged spatial firing was also unstable in an unchanging environment. In these same mice, we identified 458 genes differentially expressed with age in MEC, 61 of which had expression correlated with spatial firing stability. These genes were enriched among interneurons and related to synaptic transmission. Together, these findings identify coordinated transcriptomic, cellular, and network changes in MEC implicated in impaired spatial memory in aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte S. Herber
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Karishma J.B. Pratt
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0452, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Jeremy M. Shea
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0452, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Saul A. Villeda
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0452, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Bakar Aging Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Lisa M. Giocomo
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Lead contact
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fili M, Mohammadiarvejeh P, Klinedinst BS, Wang Q, Moody S, Barnett N, Pollpeter A, Larsen B, Li T, Willette SA, Mochel JP, Allenspach K, Hu G, Willette AA. A machine learning approach for potential Super-Agers identification using neuronal functional connectivity networks. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 16:e12595. [PMID: 38860031 PMCID: PMC11163506 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aging is often associated with cognitive decline. Understanding neural factors that distinguish adults in midlife with superior cognitive abilities (Positive-Agers) may offer insight into how the aging brain achieves resilience. The goals of this study are to (1) introduce an optimal labeling mechanism to distinguish between Positive-Agers and Cognitive Decliners, and (2) identify Positive-Agers using neuronal functional connectivity networks data and demographics. METHODS In this study, principal component analysis initially created latent cognitive trajectories groups. A hybrid algorithm of machine learning and optimization was then designed to predict latent groups using neuronal functional connectivity networks derived from resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Specifically, the Optimal Labeling with Bayesian Optimization (OLBO) algorithm used an unsupervised approach, iterating a logistic regression function with Bayesian posterior updating. This study encompassed 6369 adults from the UK Biobank cohort. RESULTS OLBO outperformed baseline models, achieving an area under the curve of 88% when distinguishing between Positive-Agers and cognitive decliners. DISCUSSION OLBO may be a novel algorithm that distinguishes cognitive trajectories with a high degree of accuracy in cognitively unimpaired adults. Highlights Design an algorithm to distinguish between a Positive-Ager and a Cognitive-Decliner.Introduce a mathematical definition for cognitive classes based on cognitive tests.Accurate Positive-Ager identification using rsfMRI and demographic data (AUC = 0.88).Posterior default mode network has the highest impact on Positive-Aging odds ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fili
- School of Industrial Engineering and ManagementOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUSA
| | - Parvin Mohammadiarvejeh
- School of Industrial Engineering and ManagementOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUSA
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems EngineeringIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | | | - Qian Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human NutritionIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Shannin Moody
- Department of Human Development and Family StudiesIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Neil Barnett
- Department of Human Development and Family StudiesIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Amy Pollpeter
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate ProgramIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Brittany Larsen
- Neuroscience Graduate ProgramIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Tianqi Li
- Genetics and Genomics Graduate ProgramIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | | | | | - Karin Allenspach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Guiping Hu
- School of Industrial Engineering and ManagementOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUSA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Vanderlip C, Lee MD, Stark CE. Cognitive modeling of the Mnemonic Similarity Task as a digital biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.07.584012. [PMID: 38559159 PMCID: PMC10979889 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.07.584012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
AD related pathologies, such as beta-amyloid (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau (pTau), are evident decades before any noticeable decline in memory occurs. Identifying individuals during this asymptomatic phase is crucial for timely intervention. The Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST), a modified recognition memory task, is especially relevant for early AD screening, as it assesses hippocampal integrity, a region affected (both directly and indirectly) early in the progression of the disease. Further, strong inferences on the underlying cognitive mechanisms that support performance on this task can be made using Bayesian cognitive modeling. We assessed whether analyzing MST performance using a cognitive model could detect subtle changes in cognitive function and AD biomarker status prior to overt cognitive decline. We analyzed MST data from >200 individuals (young, cognitively healthy older adults, and individuals with MCI), a subset of which also had existing CSF Aβ and pTau data. Traditional performance scores and cognitive modeling using multinomial processing trees was applied to each participants MST data using Bayesian approaches. We assessed how well each could predict age group, memory ability, MCI status, Aβ/pTau status using ROC analyses. Both approaches predicted age group membership equally, but cognitive modeling approaches exceeded traditional metrics in all other comparisons. This work establishes that cognitive modeling of the MST can detect individuals with AD prior to cognitive decline, making it a potentially useful tool for both screening and monitoring older adults during the asymptomatic phase of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Casey Vanderlip
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine
| | - Michael D. Lee
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, Irvine
| | - Craig E.L. Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shaffer C, Andreano JM, Touroutoglou A, Barrett LF, Dickerson BC, Wong B. Semantic Clustering during Verbal Episodic Memory Encoding and Retrieval in Older Adults: One Cognitive Mechanism of Superaging. Brain Sci 2024; 14:171. [PMID: 38391745 PMCID: PMC10886668 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Normal aging is commonly accompanied by a decline in cognitive abilities, including memory, yet some individuals maintain these abilities as they get older. We hypothesize that semantic clustering, as an effective strategy for improving performance on episodic recall tasks, may contribute to the maintenance of youthful memory in older adults. We investigated the dynamics of spontaneous production and utilization of the semantic clustering strategy in two independent samples of older adults who completed a list learning paradigm (N1 = 40 and N2 = 29, respectively). Specifically, we predicted and observed that older adults who spontaneously used a semantic clustering strategy throughout the encoding process learned more words by the culmination of the encoding trials (Sample 1, R2= 0.53, p < 0.001; Sample 2, R2= 0.51, p < 0.001), and that those who utilized this strategy during retrieval recalled more words, when compared to older adults who did not produce or utilize a semantic clustering strategy during both a short (Sample 1, R2 = 0.81, p < 0.001; Sample 2, R2 = 0.70, p < 0.001) and long delay retrieval (Sample 1, R2 = 0.83, p < 0.001; Sample 2, R2 = 0.77, p < 0.001). We further predicted and observed that older adults who maintained a youthful level of delayed free recall (i.e., "Superagers") produced (Sample 1, F(1, 38) = 17.81, p < 0.0001; Sample 2, F(1, 27) = 14.45, p < 0.0001) and utilized (Sample 1, F(1, 39) = 25.84, p < 0.0001; Sample 2, F(1, 27) = 12.97, p < 0.01) more semantic clustering than did older individuals with normal memory for their age. These results suggest one cognitive mechanism through which Superagers maintain youthful memory function and raise the possibility that older adults may be able to train themselves to use strategies to promote better memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare Shaffer
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joseph M Andreano
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Alexandra Touroutoglou
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lisa Feldman Barrett
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Bradford C Dickerson
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Bonnie Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chohan MO, Flores RA, Wertz C, Jung RE. "Non-Eloquent" brain regions predict neuropsychological outcome in tumor patients undergoing awake craniotomy. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0284261. [PMID: 38300915 PMCID: PMC10833519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Supratotal resection of primary brain tumors is being advocated especially when involving "non-eloquent" tissue. However, there is extensive neuropsychological data implicating functions critical to higher cognition in areas considered "non-eloquent" by most surgeons. The goal of the study was to determine pre-surgical brain regions that would be predictive of cognitive outcome at 4-6 months post-surgery. Cortical reconstruction and volumetric segmentation were performed with the FreeSurfer-v6.0 image analysis suite. Linear regression models were used to regress cortical volumes from both hemispheres, against the total cognitive z-score to determine the relationship between brain structure and broad cognitive functioning while controlling for age, sex, and total segmented brain volume. We identified 62 consecutive patients who underwent planned awake resections of primary (n = 55, 88%) and metastatic at the University of New Mexico Hospital between 2015 and 2019. Of those, 42 (23 males, 25 left hemispheric lesions) had complete pre and post-op neuropsychological data available and were included in this study. Overall, total neuropsychological functioning was somewhat worse (p = 0.09) at post-operative neuropsychological outcome (Mean = -.20) than at baseline (Mean = .00). Patients with radiation following resection (n = 32) performed marginally worse (p = .036). We found that several discrete brain volumes obtained pre-surgery predicted neuropsychological outcome post-resection. For the total sample, these volumes included: left fusiform, right lateral orbital frontal, right post central, and right paracentral regions. Regardless of lesion lateralization, volumes within the right frontal lobe, and specifically right orbitofrontal cortex, predicted neuropsychological difference scores. The current study highlights the gaps in our current understanding of brain eloquence. We hypothesize that the volume of tissue within the right lateral orbital frontal lobe represents important cognitive reserve capacity in patients undergoing tumor surgery. Our data also cautions the neurosurgeon when considering supratotal resections of tumors that do not extend into areas considered "non-eloquent" by current standards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Omar Chohan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Ranee Ann Flores
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Christopher Wertz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Rex Eugene Jung
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jorna LS, Khosdelazad S, Kłos J, Rakers SE, van der Hoorn A, Potze JH, Borra RJH, Groen RJM, Spikman JM, Buunk AM. Automated magnetic resonance imaging quantification of cerebral parenchymal and ventricular volume following subarachnoid hemorrhage: associations with cognition. Brain Imaging Behav 2024; 18:421-429. [PMID: 38294581 PMCID: PMC10830824 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-024-00855-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate cerebral parenchymal and ventricular volume changes after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and their potential association with cognitive impairment. 17 patients with aneurysmal SAH (aSAH) and 21 patients with angiographically negative SAH (anSAH) without visually apparent parenchymal loss on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were included, along with 76 healthy controls. Volumetric analyses were performed using an automated clinical segmentation and quantification tool. Measurements were compared to on-board normative reference database (n = 1923) adjusted for age, sex, and intracranial volume. Cognition was assessed with tests for psychomotor speed, attentional control, (working) memory, executive functioning, and social cognition. All measurements took place 5 months after SAH. Lower cerebral parenchymal volumes were most pronounced in the frontal lobe (aSAH: n = 6 [35%], anSAH n = 7 [33%]), while higher volumes were most substantial in the lateral ventricle (aSAH: n = 5 [29%], anSAH n = 9 [43%]). No significant differences in regional brain volumes were observed between both SAH groups. Patients with lower frontal lobe volume exhibited significantly lower scores in psychomotor speed (U = 81, p = 0.02) and attentional control (t = 2.86, p = 0.004). Additionally, higher lateral ventricle volume was associated with poorer memory (t = 3.06, p = 0.002). Regional brain volume changes in patients with SAH without visible parenchymal abnormalities on MRI can still be quantified using a fully automatic clinical-grade tool, exposing changes which may contribute to cognitive impairment. Therefore, it is important to provide neuropsychological assessment for both SAH groups, also including those with clinically mild symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lieke S Jorna
- Department of Neurology, Unit Neuropsychology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Khosdelazad
- Department of Neurology, Unit Neuropsychology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Justyna Kłos
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra E Rakers
- Department of Neurology, Unit Neuropsychology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk van der Hoorn
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Hendrik Potze
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald J H Borra
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob J M Groen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Jacoba M Spikman
- Department of Neurology, Unit Neuropsychology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne M Buunk
- Department of Neurology, Unit Neuropsychology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pezzoli S, Giorgio J, Martersteck A, Dobyns L, Harrison TM, Jagust WJ. Successful cognitive aging is associated with thicker anterior cingulate cortex and lower tau deposition compared to typical aging. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:341-355. [PMID: 37614157 PMCID: PMC10916939 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is no consensus on either the definition of successful cognitive aging (SA) or the underlying neural mechanisms. METHODS We examined the agreement between new and existing definitions using: (1) a novel measure, the cognitive age gap (SA-CAG, cognitive-predicted age minus chronological age), (2) composite scores for episodic memory (SA-EM), (3) non-memory cognition (SA-NM), and (4) the California Verbal Learning Test (SA-CVLT). RESULTS Fair to moderate strength of agreement was found between the four definitions. Most SA groups showed greater cortical thickness compared to typical aging (TA), especially in the anterior cingulate and midcingulate cortices and medial temporal lobes. Greater hippocampal volume was found in all SA groups except SA-NM. Lower entorhinal 18 F-Flortaucipir (FTP) uptake was found in all SA groups. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that a feature of SA, regardless of its exact definition, is resistance to tau pathology and preserved cortical integrity, especially in the anterior cingulate and midcingulate cortices. HIGHLIGHTS Different approaches have been used to define successful cognitive aging (SA). Regardless of definition, different SA groups have similar brain features. SA individuals have greater anterior cingulate thickness and hippocampal volume. Lower entorhinal tau deposition, but not amyloid beta is related to SA. A combination of cortical integrity and resistance to tau may be features of SA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Pezzoli
- Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Joseph Giorgio
- Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- University of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - Adam Martersteck
- Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lindsey Dobyns
- Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Theresa M. Harrison
- Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - William J. Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Powell A, Page ZA, Close JCT, Sachdev PS, Brodaty H. Defining exceptional cognition in older adults: A systematic review of cognitive super-ageing. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 38:e6034. [PMID: 38078669 PMCID: PMC10947516 DOI: 10.1002/gps.6034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A consistent approach to defining cognitive super-ageing is needed to increase the value of research insights that may be gained from studying this population including ageing well and preventing and treating neurodegenerative conditions. This review aims to evaluate the existing definitions of 'super-ageing' with a focus on cognition. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO and Google Scholar from inception to 24 July 2023. RESULTS Of 44 English language studies that defined super-ageing from a cognitive perspective in older adults (60-97 years), most (n = 33) were based on preserved verbal episodic memory performance comparable to that of younger adult in age range 16-65 years. Eleven studies defined super-agers as the top cognitive performers for their age group based upon standard deviations or percentiles above the population mean. Only nine studies included longitudinal cognitive performance in their definitions. CONCLUSIONS Equivalent cognitive abilities to younger adults, exceptional cognition for age and a lack of cognitive deterioration over time are all meaningful constructs and may provide different insights into cognitive ageing. Using these criteria in combination or individually to define super-agers, with a clear rationale for which elements have been selected, could be fit for purpose depending on the research question. However, major discrepancies including the age range of super-agers and comparator groups and the choice of cognitive domains assessed should be addressed to reach some consensus in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Powell
- Centre for Healthy Brain AgeingDiscipline of Psychiatry and Mental HealthSchool of Clinical MedicineUniversity of New South WalesRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Zara A. Page
- Centre for Healthy Brain AgeingDiscipline of Psychiatry and Mental HealthSchool of Clinical MedicineUniversity of New South WalesRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Jacqueline C. T. Close
- Neuroscience Research AustraliaUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- The Prince of Wales Hospital Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Perminder S. Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain AgeingDiscipline of Psychiatry and Mental HealthSchool of Clinical MedicineUniversity of New South WalesRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
- Neuropsychiatric InstituteThe Prince of Wales Hospital Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain AgeingDiscipline of Psychiatry and Mental HealthSchool of Clinical MedicineUniversity of New South WalesRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xu X, Lin L, Wu S, Sun S. Exploring Successful Cognitive Aging: Insights Regarding Brain Structure, Function, and Demographics. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1651. [PMID: 38137099 PMCID: PMC10741933 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the realm of cognitive science, the phenomenon of "successful cognitive aging" stands as a hallmark of individuals who exhibit cognitive abilities surpassing those of their age-matched counterparts. However, it is paramount to underscore a significant gap in the current research, which is marked by a paucity of comprehensive inquiries that deploy substantial sample sizes to methodically investigate the cerebral biomarkers and contributory elements underpinning this cognitive success. It is within this context that our present study emerges, harnessing data derived from the UK Biobank. In this study, a highly selective cohort of 1060 individuals aged 65 and above was meticulously curated from a larger pool of 17,072 subjects. The selection process was guided by their striking cognitive resilience, ascertained via rigorous evaluation encompassing both generic and specific cognitive assessments, compared to their peers within the same age stratum. Notably, the cognitive abilities of the chosen participants closely aligned with the cognitive acumen commonly observed in middle-aged individuals. Our study leveraged a comprehensive array of neuroimaging-derived metrics, obtained from three Tesla MRI scans (T1-weighted images, dMRI, and resting-state fMRI). The metrics included image-derived phenotypes (IDPs) that addressed grey matter morphology, the strength of brain network connectivity, and the microstructural attributes of white matter. Statistical analyses were performed employing ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U tests, and chi-square tests to evaluate the distinctive aspects of IDPs pertinent to the domain of successful cognitive aging. Furthermore, these analyses aimed to elucidate lifestyle practices that potentially underpin the maintenance of cognitive acumen throughout the aging process. Our findings unveiled a robust and compelling association between heightened cognitive aptitude and the integrity of white matter structures within the brain. Furthermore, individuals who exhibited successful cognitive aging demonstrated markedly enhanced activity in the cerebral regions responsible for auditory perception, voluntary motor control, memory retention, and emotional regulation. These advantageous cognitive attributes were mirrored in the health-related lifestyle choices of the surveyed cohort, characterized by elevated educational attainment, a lower incidence of smoking, and a penchant for moderate alcohol consumption. Moreover, they displayed superior grip strength and enhanced walking speeds. Collectively, these findings furnish valuable insights into the multifaceted determinants of successful cognitive aging, encompassing both neurobiological constituents and lifestyle practices. Such comprehensive comprehension significantly contributes to the broader discourse on aging, thereby establishing a solid foundation for the formulation of targeted interventions aimed at fostering cognitive well-being among aging populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinze Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (X.X.); (S.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Lan Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (X.X.); (S.W.); (S.S.)
- Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Translation, Beijing International Base for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Shuicai Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (X.X.); (S.W.); (S.S.)
- Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Translation, Beijing International Base for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Shen Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (X.X.); (S.W.); (S.S.)
- Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Translation, Beijing International Base for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Powell A, Lam BCP, Foxe D, Close JCT, Sachdev PS, Brodaty H. Frequency of cognitive "super-aging" in three Australian samples using different diagnostic criteria. Int Psychogeriatr 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37997622 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610223000935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the frequency of exceptional cognition (cognitive super-aging) in Australian older adults using different published definitions, agreement between definitions, and the relationship of super-aging status with function, brain imaging markers, and incident dementia. DESIGN Three longitudinal cohort studies. SETTING Participants recruited from the electoral roll, Australian Twins Registry, and community advertisements. PARTICIPANTS Older adults (aged 65-106) without dementia from the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study (n = 1037; median age 78), Older Australian Twins Study (n = 361; median age 68), and Sydney Centenarian Study (n = 217; median age 97). MEASUREMENTS Frequency of super-aging was assessed using nine super-aging definitions based on performance on neuropsychological testing. Levels of agreement between definitions were calculated, and associations between super-aging status for each definition and functioning (Bayer ADL score), structural brain imaging measures, and incident dementia were explored. RESULTS Frequency of super-aging varied between 2.9 and 43.4 percent with more stringent definitions associated with lower frequency. Agreement between different criteria varied from poor (K = 0.04, AC1 = .24) to very good (K = 0.83, AC1 = .91) with better agreement between definitions using similar tests and cutoffs. Super-aging was associated with better functional performance (4.7-11%) and lower rates of incident dementia (hazard ratios 0.08-0.48) for most definitions. Super-aging status was associated with a lower burden of white matter hyperintensities (3.8-33.2%) for all definitions. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of super-aging is strongly affected by the demographic and neuropsychological testing parameters used. Greater consistency in defining super-aging would enable better characterization of this exceptional minority.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Powell
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ben C P Lam
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Foxe
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jacqueline C T Close
- Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rodrigues EA, Moreno S. Conceptualizing healthy cognitive aging: the role of time and variability. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1240630. [PMID: 37780962 PMCID: PMC10533921 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1240630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The interest in healthy cognitive aging (HCA) has increased substantially over the past decade. Researchers are interested in exploring how health can be promoted and cognitive decline mitigated when pathology is not present. Identifying the necessary strategies is crucial as the gradual accumulation of small declines can lead to negative effects on quality of life over time. However, the conceptualization of HCA is not agreed upon. In fact, authors often turn to the use of traditional pathology screeners in the context of HCA because of their clear threshold results and their wide use in the different fields. This leads to the assumption that individuals are either cognitively unhealthy and therefore may have some form of dementia or are dementia-free and cognitively healthy. We believe that this view is an overly simplistic approach to the understanding of the aging process. In this work, we explore how HCA has been defined and conceptualized within the different fields. We further discuss how time and variability are key concepts that are often missing when studying HCA and propose a definition that aims to unify the findings from the multidisciplinary research that studies HCA and simplify the translation of knowledge. Incorporating these two novel dimensions to the study of HCA has already been proposed methodologically but has yet been discussed at the conceptual level. We believe that the proposed new approach will allow the identification of individual factors that cause changes in cognitive health and will help build new cognitive health strategies and mitigate further declines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma A. Rodrigues
- School of Interactive Arts and Technology, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC, Canada
| | - Sylvain Moreno
- School of Interactive Arts and Technology, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC, Canada
- Circle Innovation, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Touroutoglou A, Wong B, Andreano JM. What is so super about ageing? THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2023; 4:e358-e359. [PMID: 37454674 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Touroutoglou
- Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, MA, USA; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Bonnie Wong
- Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, MA, USA; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph M Andreano
- Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Klinedinst BS, Kharate MK, Mohammadiarvejeh P, Fili M, Pollpeter A, Larsen BA, Moody S, Wang Q, Allenspach K, Mochel JP, Willette AA. Exploring the secrets of super-aging: a UK Biobank study on brain health and cognitive function. GeroScience 2023; 45:2471-2480. [PMID: 36947307 PMCID: PMC10651574 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00765-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Communities across the globe are faced with a rapidly aging society, where age is the main risk factor for cognitive decline and development of Alzheimer's and related diseases. Despite extensive research, there have been no successful treatments yet. A rare group of individuals called "super-agers" have been noted to thrive with their exceptional ability to maintain a healthy brain and normal cognitive function even in old age. Studying their traits, lifestyles, and environments may provide valuable insight. This study used a data-driven approach to identify potential super-agers among 7121 UK Biobank participants and found that these individuals have the highest total brain volume, best cognitive performance, and lowest functional connectivity. The researchers suggest a novel hypothesis that these super-agers possess enhanced neural processing efficiency that increases with age and introduce a definition of the "neural efficiency index." Furthermore, several other types of aging were identified and significant structural-functional differences were observed between them, highlighting the benefit of research efforts in personalized medicine and precision nutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S Klinedinst
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 359, 325 9th Avenue, WA, 98104, Seattle, USA.
| | - Mihir K Kharate
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Parvin Mohammadiarvejeh
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Mohammad Fili
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Amy Pollpeter
- Interdepartmental Bioinformatics and Computational Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Brittany A Larsen
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Shannin Moody
- Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Karin Allenspach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jonathan P Mochel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Auriel A Willette
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Garo-Pascual M, Gaser C, Zhang L, Tohka J, Medina M, Strange BA. Brain structure and phenotypic profile of superagers compared with age-matched older adults: a longitudinal analysis from the Vallecas Project. THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2023; 4:e374-e385. [PMID: 37454673 PMCID: PMC10397152 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive abilities, particularly memory, normally decline with age. However, some individuals, often designated as superagers, can reach late life with the memory function of individuals 30 years younger. We aimed to characterise the brain structure of superagers and identify demographic, lifestyle, and clinical factors associated with this phenotype. METHODS We selected cognitively healthy participants from the Vallecas Project longitudinal cohort recruited between Oct 10, 2011, and Jan 14, 2014, aged 79·5 years or older, on the basis of their delayed verbal episodic memory score. Participants were assessed with the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test and with three non-memory tests (the 15-item version of the Boston Naming Test, the Digit Symbol Substitution Test, and the Animal Fluency Test). Participants were classified as superagers if they scored at or above the mean values for a 50-56-year-old in the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test and within one standard deviation of the mean or above for their age and education level in the three non-memory tests, or as typical older adults if they scored within one standard deviation of the mean for their age and education level in the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test. Data acquired as per protocol from up to six yearly follow-ups were used for longitudinal analyses. FINDINGS We included 64 superagers (mean age 81·9 years; 38 [59%] women and 26 [41%] men) and 55 typical older adults (82·4 years; 35 [64%] women and 20 [36%] men). The median number of follow-up visits was 5·0 (IQR 5·0-6·0) for superagers and 5·0 (4·5-6·0) for typical older adults. Superagers exhibited higher grey matter volume cross-sectionally in the medial temporal lobe, cholinergic forebrain, and motor thalamus. Longitudinally, superagers also showed slower total grey matter atrophy, particularly within the medial temporal lobe, than did typical older adults. A machine learning classification including 89 demographic, lifestyle, and clinical predictors showed that faster movement speed (despite no group differences in exercise frequency) and better mental health were the most differentiating factors for superagers. Similar concentrations of dementia blood biomarkers in superager and typical older adult groups suggest that group differences reflect inherent superager resistance to typical age-related memory loss. INTERPRETATION Factors associated with dementia prevention are also relevant for resistance to age-related memory decline and brain atrophy, and the association between superageing and movement speed could provide potential novel insights into how to preserve memory function into the ninth decade. FUNDING Queen Sofia Foundation, CIEN Foundation, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Alzheimer's Association, European Research Council, MAPFRE Foundation, Carl Zeiss Foundation, and the EU Comission for Horizon 2020. TRANSLATION For the Spanish translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Garo-Pascual
- Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain; Alzheimer Disease Research Unit, CIEN Foundation, Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Centre, Madrid, Spain; PhD Program in Neuroscience, Autonomous University of Madrid-Cajal Institute, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Christian Gaser
- Structural Brain Mapping Group, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; German Centre for Mental Health, Jena, Germany
| | - Linda Zhang
- Alzheimer Disease Research Unit, CIEN Foundation, Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jussi Tohka
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Miguel Medina
- Alzheimer Disease Research Unit, CIEN Foundation, Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Centre, Madrid, Spain; Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bryan A Strange
- Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain; Alzheimer Disease Research Unit, CIEN Foundation, Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Centre, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Smith G, Miller A, Marra DE, Wu Y, Bian J, Maraganore DM, Anton S. Evaluation of a Computable Phenotype for Successful Cognitive Aging. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2023; 7:212-221. [PMID: 37304063 PMCID: PMC10250575 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To establish, apply, and evaluate a computable phenotype for the recruitment of individuals with successful cognitive aging. Participants and Methods Interviews with 10 aging experts identified electronic health record (EHR)-available variables representing successful aging among individuals aged 85 years and older. On the basis of the identified variables, we developed a rule-based computable phenotype algorithm composed of 17 eligibility criteria. Starting September 1, 2019, we applied the computable phenotype algorithm to all living persons aged 85 years and older at the University of Florida Health, which identified 24,024 individuals. This sample was comprised of 13,841 (58%) women, 13,906 (58%) Whites, and 16,557 (69%) non-Hispanics. A priori permission to be contacted for research had been obtained for 11,898 individuals, of whom 470 responded to study announcements and 333 consented to evaluation. Then, we contacted those who consented to evaluate whether their cognitive and functional status clinically met out successful cognitive aging criteria of a modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status score of more than 27 and Geriatric Depression Scale of less than 6. The study was completed on December 31, 2022. Results Of the 45% of living persons aged 85 years and older included in the University of Florida Health EHR database identified by the computable phenotype as successfully aged, approximately 4% of these responded to study announcements and 333 consented, of which 218 (65%) met successful cognitive aging criteria through direct evaluation. Conclusion The study evaluated a computable phenotype algorithm for the recruitment of individuals for a successful aging study using large-scale EHRs. Our study provides proof of concept of using big data and informatics as aids for the recruitment of individuals for prospective cohort studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Smith
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Amber Miller
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - David E. Marra
- Department of Psychology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Yonghui Wu
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Jiang Bian
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | | | - Stephen Anton
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lytle A, Monahan C, Levy SR. Do media portrayals of super-agers reduce or increase ageism toward older adults? GERONTOLOGY & GERIATRICS EDUCATION 2023:1-5. [PMID: 37243780 DOI: 10.1080/02701960.2023.2218817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Super-agers are older adults with exemplary cognitive and/or physical abilities. However, the impact of media portrayals of super-agers is unknown. This study examined whether exposure to mass media stories about "moderate" super-agers (exemplary cognitive and physical skill levels) versus "extreme" super-agers (most extreme cognitive and physical skill levels) impacts young adults' ageism. Undergraduate participants exposed to media portrayals of moderate super-agers reported greater agreement with positive age stereotypes toward older adults, whereas participants exposed to extreme super-agers reported lower levels of ageism as compared to control participants. Based on these findings, young adults may perceive super-agers in a positive manner as super-agers highlight positive attributes. Since super-agers are often portrayed as defying negative stereotypes through diligence and a positive outlook (less so through good genes or access to healthcare), exposure to super-agers could have negative effects, which is an important future direction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Lytle
- College of Arts and Letters, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA
| | - Caitlin Monahan
- Psychology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Sheri R Levy
- Psychology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Haddad E, Pizzagalli F, Zhu AH, Bhatt RR, Islam T, Ba Gari I, Dixon D, Thomopoulos SI, Thompson PM, Jahanshad N. Multisite test-retest reliability and compatibility of brain metrics derived from FreeSurfer versions 7.1, 6.0, and 5.3. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:1515-1532. [PMID: 36437735 PMCID: PMC9921222 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Automatic neuroimaging processing tools provide convenient and systematic methods for extracting features from brain magnetic resonance imaging scans. One tool, FreeSurfer, provides an easy-to-use pipeline to extract cortical and subcortical morphometric measures. There have been over 25 stable releases of FreeSurfer, with different versions used across published works. The reliability and compatibility of regional morphometric metrics derived from the most recent version releases have yet to be empirically assessed. Here, we used test-retest data from three public data sets to determine within-version reliability and between-version compatibility across 42 regional outputs from FreeSurfer versions 7.1, 6.0, and 5.3. Cortical thickness from v7.1 was less compatible with that of older versions, particularly along the cingulate gyrus, where the lowest version compatibility was observed (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.37-0.61). Surface area of the temporal pole, frontal pole, and medial orbitofrontal cortex, also showed low to moderate version compatibility. We confirm low compatibility between v6.0 and v5.3 of pallidum and putamen volumes, while those from v7.1 were compatible with v6.0. Replication in an independent sample showed largely similar results for measures of surface area and subcortical volumes, but had lower overall regional thickness reliability and compatibility. Batch effect correction may adjust for some inter-version effects when most sites are run with one version, but results vary when more sites are run with different versions. Age associations in a quality controlled independent sample (N = 106) revealed version differences in results of downstream statistical analysis. We provide a reference to highlight the regional metrics that may yield recent version-related inconsistencies in published findings. An interactive viewer is provided at http://data.brainescience.org/Freesurfer_Reliability/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Haddad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - Fabrizio Pizzagalli
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alyssa H Zhu
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - Ravi R Bhatt
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - Tasfiya Islam
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - Iyad Ba Gari
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - Daniel Dixon
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - Sophia I Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ticha Z, Georgi H, Schmand B, Heissler R, Kopecek M. Processing speed predicts SuperAging years later. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:34. [PMID: 36732871 PMCID: PMC9896833 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SuperAging is one of the current concepts related to elite, resilient or high-functioning cognitive aging. The main aim of our study was to find possible predictors of SuperAgers (SA). METHODS Community-dwelling older persons (N = 96) aged 80-101 years in 2018 were repeatedly tested (year 2012 and 2018). SA were defined based on their performance in 2018 as persons of 80+ years of age who recalled ≥ 9 words in the delayed recall of the Philadelphia Verbal Learning Test, and had a normal performance in non-memory tasks [the Boston Naming Test, the Trail Making Test Part B, and Category Fluency ("Animals")], which was defined as a score within or above one standard deviation from the age and education appropriate average. Three composite scores (CS; immediate memory, processing speed, and executive functions) were created from the performance in 2012, and analysed as possible predictors of SA status in 2018. RESULTS We identified 19 SA (15 females) and 77 nonSA (42 females), groups did not significantly differ in age, years of education, and sex. The logistic regression model (p = 0.028) revealed three predictors of SA from the baseline (year 2012), including processing speed (p = 0.006; CS-speed: the Prague Stroop Test-Dots and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test), sex (p = 0.015), and age (p = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS Thus, SA may be predicted based on the level of processing speed, which supports the hypothesis of the processing speed theory of healthy aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Ticha
- grid.445531.20000 0004 0485 9760Prague College of Psychosocial Studies, Hekrova 805, 149 00 Prague 11, Háje, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Georgi
- grid.445531.20000 0004 0485 9760Prague College of Psychosocial Studies, Hekrova 805, 149 00 Prague 11, Háje, Czech Republic
| | - Ben Schmand
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Radek Heissler
- grid.447902.cNational Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Kopecek
- grid.447902.cNational Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic ,grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hoenig MC, Drzezga A. Clear-headed into old age: Resilience and resistance against brain aging-A PET imaging perspective. J Neurochem 2023; 164:325-345. [PMID: 35226362 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
With the advances in modern medicine and the adaptation towards healthier lifestyles, the average life expectancy has doubled since the 1930s, with individuals born in the millennium years now carrying an estimated life expectancy of around 100 years. And even though many individuals around the globe manage to age successfully, the prevalence of aging-associated neurodegenerative diseases such as sporadic Alzheimer's disease has never been as high as nowadays. The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease is anticipated to triple by 2050, increasing the societal and economic burden tremendously. Despite all efforts, there is still no available treatment defeating the accelerated aging process as seen in this disease. Yet, given the advances in neuroimaging techniques that are discussed in the current Review article, such as in positron emission tomography (PET) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), pivotal insights into the heterogenous effects of aging-associated processes and the contribution of distinct lifestyle and risk factors already have and are still being gathered. In particular, the concepts of resilience (i.e. coping with brain pathology) and resistance (i.e. avoiding brain pathology) have more recently been discussed as they relate to mechanisms that are associated with the prolongation and/or even stop of the progressive brain aging process. Better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of resilience and resistance may one day, hopefully, support the identification of defeating mechanism against accelerating aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merle C Hoenig
- Research Center Juelich, Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine II, Molecular Organization of the Brain, Juelich, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- Research Center Juelich, Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine II, Molecular Organization of the Brain, Juelich, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn/Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Karpouzian-Rogers T, Makowski-Woidan B, Kuang A, Zhang H, Fought A, Engelmeyer J, Mesulam MM, Weintraub S, Rogalski E. NIH Toolbox ® Episodic Memory Measure Differentiates Older Adults with Exceptional Memory Capacity from those with Average-for-Age Cognition. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2023; 29:230-234. [PMID: 35225214 PMCID: PMC9439674 DOI: 10.1017/s135561772200008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Older adults with exceptional memory function, designated "SuperAgers," include individuals over age 80, with episodic memory at least as good as individuals ages 50s-60s. The Northwestern University SuperAging cohort is defined by performance on an established test of verbal memory. The purpose of this study was to determine if superior verbal memory extends to nonverbal memory in SuperAgers by examining differences in the National Institutes of Health Toolbox® (NIHTB) between older adults with exceptional memory and those with average-for-age cognition. METHOD SuperAgers (n = 46) and cognitively average-for-age older adults (n = 31) completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and the NIHTB Cognition module. Multiple linear regressions were used to examine differences on subtests between groups. RESULTS There was a significant effect of group on the Picture Sequence Memory score, (p = .007), such that SuperAgers had higher scores than cognitively average-for-age older adults. There were no other group effects across other non-episodic memory NIHTB Cognition measures. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study demonstrated stronger performance on the memory measure of the NIHTB in SuperAgers compared to cognitively average-for-age older adults demonstrating superior memory in not only verbal but also nonverbal episodic memory in this group. Additionally, this study adds to the literature validating the NIHTB in older adults, particularly in a novel population of adults over age 80 with exceptional memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Karpouzian-Rogers
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Beth Makowski-Woidan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alan Kuang
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventative Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventative Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Angela Fought
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatic, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado-Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Janessa Engelmeyer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - M.-Marsel Mesulam
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Emily Rogalski
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Longitudinal brain age prediction and cognitive function after stroke. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 122:55-64. [PMID: 36502572 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Advanced age is associated with post-stroke cognitive decline. Machine learning based on brain scans can be used to estimate brain age of patients, and the corresponding difference from chronological age, the brain age gap (BAG), has been investigated in a range of clinical conditions, yet not thoroughly in post-stroke neurocognitive disorder (NCD). We aimed to investigate the association between BAG and post-stroke NCD over time. Lower BAG (younger appearing brain compared to chronological age) was found associated with lower risk of post-stroke NCD up to 36 months after stroke, even among those showing no evidence of impairments 3 months after hospital admission. For patients with no NCD at baseline, survival analysis suggested that higher baseline BAG was associated with higher risk of post-stroke NCD at 18 and 36 months. In conclusion, a younger appearing brain is associated with a lower risk of post-stroke NCD.
Collapse
|
34
|
Carmona KC, Resende EDPF, Guimarães HC, Machado TH, Amaral-Carvalho V, Santos ELD, Barbosa MT, Caramelli P. High performance older adults in a population-based sample with low education: Pietà study. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2023; 81:112-118. [PMID: 36948197 PMCID: PMC10033194 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1759760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthy brain aging can be defined as aging without neurological or psychiatric disorders, sustaining functional independence. In addition to the absence of disease and preserved functionality, there are individuals who stand out for their superior performance to that considered normal for their age in cognitive tests. These individuals are called "high-performance older adults" (HPOA). OBJECTIVES To investigate the presence of HPOA in an oldest-old population with low education, and if present, to investigate associations with sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle variables. METHODS We evaluated 132 cognitively healthy individuals from the Pietà Study, a population-based investigation with 639 participants. We used the delayed recall from the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test to verify the existence of HPOA and to classify participants based on their performance. Sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle variables associated with HPOA were investigated. RESULTS We identified 18 individuals fulfilling HPOA criteria (age: 77.4 ± 2.6 years old; 14 women; education: 4.6 ± 3.4 years). The other participants, 114 total (age: 79.8 ± 4.5 years old; 69 women; education: 3.0 ± 2.7 years) were classified as "standard performance older adults" (SPOA). In multivariate analysis, younger age (odds ratio [OR] = 0.672; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.462-0.979; p = 0.037) and lower scores on the Geriatric Depression Scale (OR = 0.831; 95%CI: 0.688-0.989; p = 0.038) were associated with HPOA. CONCLUSIONS The present study identifies for the first time HPOA with low educational level, thereby reinforcing the existence of biological substrates related to this condition. Furthermore, the data suggest an association between younger age and less depressive symptoms with HPOA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Carvalho Carmona
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurologia Comportamental e Cognitiva, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
| | - Elisa de Paula França Resende
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurologia Comportamental e Cognitiva, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
| | - Henrique Cerqueira Guimarães
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurologia Comportamental e Cognitiva, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
| | - Thais Helena Machado
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurologia Comportamental e Cognitiva, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
| | - Viviane Amaral-Carvalho
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurologia Comportamental e Cognitiva, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
| | - Etelvina Lucas Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurologia Comportamental e Cognitiva, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
| | - Maira Tonidandel Barbosa
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurologia Comportamental e Cognitiva, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
| | - Paulo Caramelli
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurologia Comportamental e Cognitiva, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ersoezlue E, Rauchmann BS, Schneider-Axmann T, Wagner M, Ballarini T, Tato M, Utecht J, Kurz C, Papazov B, Guersel S, Burow L, Koller G, Stöcklein S, Keeser D, Bartels C, Brosseron F, Buerger K, Cetindag AC, Dechent P, Dobisch L, Ewers M, Fliessbach K, Frommann I, Haynes JD, Heneka MT, Janowitz D, Kilimann I, Kleinedam L, Laske C, Maier F, Metzger CD, Munk MH, Peters O, Preis L, Priller J, Ramirez A, Roeske S, Roy N, Scheffler K, Schneider A, Spottke A, Spruth EJ, Teipel S, Wiltfang J, Wolfsgruber S, Yakupov R, Duezel E, Jessen F, Perneczky R. Lifelong experiences as a proxy of cognitive reserve moderate the association between connectivity and cognition in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 122:33-44. [PMID: 36476760 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with alterations in functional connectivity (FC) of the brain. The FC underpinnings of CR, that is, lifelong experiences, are largely unknown. Resting-state FC and structural MRI were performed in 76 CSF amyloid-β (Aβ) negative healthy controls and 152 Aβ positive individuals as an AD spectrum cohort (ADS; 55 with subjective cognitive decline, SCD; 52 with mild cognitive impairment; 45 with AD dementia). Following a region-of-interest (ROI) FC analysis, intrinsic network connectivity within the default-mode network (INC-DMN) and anti-correlation in INC between the DMN and dorsal attention network (DMN:DAN) were obtained as composite scores. CR was estimated by education and Lifetime Experiences Questionnaire (LEQ). The association between INC-DMN and MEM was attenuated by higher LEQ scores in the entire ADS group, particularly in SCD. In ROI analyses, higher LEQ scores were associated with higher FC within the DMN in ADS group. INC-DMN remains relatively intact despite memory decline in individuals with higher lifetime activity estimates, supporting a role for functional networks in maintaining cognitive function in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ersin Ersoezlue
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neurology (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Thomas Schneider-Axmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Tommaso Ballarini
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Maia Tato
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Utecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carolin Kurz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris Papazov
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Selim Guersel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lena Burow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Koller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophia Stöcklein
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Keeser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Arda C Cetindag
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurology and Psychiatry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingo Frommann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - John D Haynes
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Luca Kleinedam
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Coraline D Metzger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sandra Roeske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eike J Spruth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Renat Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Emrah Duezel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Munich, Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neurology (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhou R, Belge T, Wolbers T. Reaching the Goal: Superior Navigators in Late Adulthood Provide a Novel Perspective into Successful Cognitive Aging. Top Cogn Sci 2023; 15:15-45. [PMID: 35582831 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Normal aging is typically associated with declines in navigation and spatial memory abilities. However, increased interindividual variability in performance across various navigation/spatial memory tasks is also evident with advancing age. In this review paper, we shed the spotlight on those older individuals who exhibit exceptional, sometimes even youth-like navigational/spatial memory abilities. Importantly, we (1) showcase observations from existing studies that demonstrate superior navigation/spatial memory performance in late adulthood, (2) explore possible cognitive correlates and neurophysiological mechanisms underlying these preserved spatial abilities, and (3) discuss the potential link between the superior navigators in late adulthood and SuperAgers (older adults with superior episodic memory). In the closing section, given the lack of studies that directly focus on this subpopulation, we highlight several important directions that future studies could look into to better understand the cognitive characteristics of older superior navigators and the factors enabling such successful cognitive aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruojing Zhou
- Aging, Cognition and Technology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases
| | - Tuğçe Belge
- Aging, Cognition and Technology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases
| | - Thomas Wolbers
- Aging, Cognition and Technology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nassif C, Kawles A, Ayala I, Minogue G, Gill NP, Shepard RA, Zouridakis A, Keszycki R, Zhang H, Mao Q, Flanagan ME, Bigio EH, Mesulam MM, Rogalski E, Geula C, Gefen T. Integrity of Neuronal Size in the Entorhinal Cortex Is a Biological Substrate of Exceptional Cognitive Aging. J Neurosci 2022; 42:8587-8594. [PMID: 36180225 PMCID: PMC9665923 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0679-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Average aging is associated with a gradual decline of memory capacity. SuperAgers are humans ≥80 years of age who show exceptional episodic memory at least as good as individuals 20-30 years their junior. This study investigated whether neuronal integrity in the entorhinal cortex (ERC), an area critical for memory and selectively vulnerable to neurofibrillary degeneration, differentiated SuperAgers from cognitively healthy younger individuals, cognitively average peers ("Normal Elderly"), and individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Postmortem sections of the ERC were stained with cresyl violet to visualize neurons and immunostained with mouse monoclonal antibody PHF-1 to visualize neurofibrillary tangles. The cross-sectional area (i.e., size) of layer II and layer III/V ERC neurons were quantified. Two-thirds of total participants were female. Unbiased stereology was used to quantitate tangles in a subgroup of SuperAgers and Normal Elderly. Linear mixed-effect models were used to determine differences across groups. Quantitative measurements found that the soma size of layer II ERC neurons in postmortem brain specimens were significantly larger in SuperAgers compared with all groups (p < 0.05)-including younger individuals 20-30 years their junior (p < 0.005). SuperAgers had significantly fewer stereologically quantified Alzheimer's disease-related neurofibrillary tangles in layer II ERC than Normal Elderly (p < 0.05). This difference in tangle burden in layer II between SuperAgers and Normal Elderly suggests that tangle-bearing neurons may be prone to shrinkage during aging. The finding that SuperAgers show ERC layer II neurons that are substantially larger even compared with individuals 20-30 years younger is remarkable, suggesting that layer II ERC integrity is a biological substrate of exceptional memory in old age.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Average aging is associated with a gradual decline of memory. Previous research shows that an area critical for memory, the entorhinal cortex (ERC), is susceptible to the early formation of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology, even during average (or typical) trajectories of aging. The Northwestern University SuperAging Research Program studies unique individuals known as SuperAgers, individuals ≥80 years old who show exceptional memory that is at least as good as individuals 20-30 years their junior. In this study, we show that SuperAgers harbor larger, healthier neurons in the ERC compared with their cognitively average same-aged peers, those with amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and - remarkably - even compared with individuals 20-30 years younger. We conclude that larger ERC neurons are a biological signature of the SuperAging trajectory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caren Nassif
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Allegra Kawles
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Ivan Ayala
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Grace Minogue
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Nathan P Gill
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Robert A Shepard
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Antonia Zouridakis
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Rachel Keszycki
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Hui Zhang
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Qinwen Mao
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Margaret E Flanagan
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Eileen H Bigio
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - M-Marsel Mesulam
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Emily Rogalski
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Changiz Geula
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Tamar Gefen
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yang Y, Chen Y, Yang C, Chen K, Li X, Zhang Z. Contributions of early-life cognitive reserve and late-life leisure activity to successful and pathological cognitive aging. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:831. [PMID: 36319960 PMCID: PMC9628084 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03530-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of factors that specifically influence pathological and successful cognitive aging is a prerequisite for implementing disease prevention and promoting successful aging. However, multi-domain behavioral factors that characterize the difference between successful and pathological cognitive aging are not clear yet. METHODS A group of community-dwelling older adults (N = 1347, aged 70-88 years) in Beijing was recruited in this cross-sectional study, and a sub-cohort was further divided into successful cognitive aging (SCA, N = 154), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, N = 256), and cognitively normal control (CNC, N = 173) groups. Analyses of variance, regression models with the Shapley value algorithm, and structural equation model (SEM) analyses were conducted to determine specific influencing factors and to evaluate their relative importance and interacting relationships in altering cognitive performance. RESULTS We found that abundant early-life cognitive reserve (ECR, including the level of education and occupational attainment) and reduced late-life leisure activity (LLA, including mental, physical, and social activities) were distinct characteristics of SCA and MCI, respectively. The level of education, age, mental activity, and occupational attainment were the top four important factors that explained 31.6% of cognitive variability. By SEM analyses, we firstly found that LLA partially mediated the relationship between ECR and cognition; and further multi-group SEM analyses showed ECR played a more direct role in the SCA group than in the MCI group: in the SCA group, only the direct effect of ECR on cognition was significant, and in the MCI group, direct effects between ECR, LLA and cognition were all significant. CONCLUSIONS Results of this large-sample community-based study suggest it is important for older adults to have an abundant ECR for SCA, and to keep a high level of LLA to prevent cognitive impairment. This study clarifies the important rankings of behavioral characteristics of cognitive aging, and the relationship that ECR has a long-lasting effect on LLA and finally on cognition, providing efficient guidance for older adults to improve their cognitive function and new evidence to explain the heterogeneity of cognitive aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Yang
- grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 Shandong China ,grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Yaojing Chen
- grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875 China ,grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Caishui Yang
- grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875 China ,grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China ,grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Kewei Chen
- grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China ,grid.418204.b0000 0004 0406 4925Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85006 USA
| | - Xin Li
- grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875 China ,grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Zhanjun Zhang
- grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875 China ,grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bioenergetic and vascular predictors of potential super-ager and cognitive decline trajectories-a UK Biobank Random Forest classification study. GeroScience 2022; 45:491-505. [PMID: 36104610 PMCID: PMC9886787 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00657-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging has often been characterized by progressive cognitive decline in memory and especially executive function. Yet some adults, aged 80 years or older, are "super-agers" that exhibit cognitive performance like younger adults. It is unknown if there are adults in mid-life with similar superior cognitive performance ("positive-aging") versus cognitive decline over time and if there are blood biomarkers that can distinguish between these groups. Among 1303 participants in UK Biobank, latent growth curve models classified participants into different cognitive groups based on longitudinal fluid intelligence (FI) scores over 7-9 years. Random Forest (RF) classification was then used to predict cognitive trajectory types using longitudinal predictors including demographic, vascular, bioenergetic, and immune factors. Feature ranking importance and performance metrics of the model were reported. Despite model complexity, we achieved a precision of 77% when determining who would be in the "positive-aging" group (n = 563) vs. cognitive decline group (n = 380). Among the top fifteen features, an equal number were related to either vascular health or cellular bioenergetics but not demographics like age, sex, or socioeconomic status. Sensitivity analyses showed worse model results when combining a cognitive maintainer group (n = 360) with the positive-aging or cognitive decline group. Our results suggest that optimal cognitive aging may not be related to age per se but biological factors that may be amenable to lifestyle or pharmacological changes.
Collapse
|
40
|
Maxwell SP, Cash MK, Darvesh S. Neuropathology and cholinesterase expression in the brains of octogenarians and older. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 364:110065. [PMID: 35872043 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A subset of octogenarians and older maintain normal cognitive function (CNOO) despite high prevalence and incidence of cognitive decline attributed to neurodegeneration or aging in the population. The rostral prefrontal cortex (rPFC) and hippocampal formation are brain regions integral to cognition, namely attention and memory, facilitated in part by cholinergic innervation. We hypothesized that preserved cholinergic neurotransmission in these regions contributes to intact cognition in the CNOO. To test this, we evaluated the burden of neuropathological and cholinesterase-associated protein aggregates in the rPFC and hippocampal formation. Tissues from age- and sex-matched CNOO and Alzheimer's disease (AD) rPFC and hippocampal formation were stained for β-amyloid (Aβ), tau, α-synuclein, phosphorylated TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (pTDP-43), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). The relative abundance of neuropathological aggregates was semi-quantitatively scored. Deposition of Aβ plaques, tau neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and pTDP-43 inclusions were comparable between CNOO and AD cases. Intraneuronal Aβ and tau-positive thorny astrocytes consistent with aging-related tau astrogliopathy, were also noted in the rPFC. Abundance of BChE-positive plaque pathology was significantly higher in AD than in CNOO cases in most regions of interest, followed closely by abundance of AChE-positive plaque pathology. BChE- and AChE-activities were also associated with varied NFT morphologies. CNOO cases maintained cognition despite a high neuropathological burden in the rPFC and hippocampal formation. BChE-positive and, to a lesser extent, AChE-positive pathologies were significantly lower in most regions in the CNOO compared to AD. This suggests a specificity of cholinesterase-associated neuropathology with AD. We conclude that while CNOO have cholinesterase-associated neuropathology in the rPFC and hippocampal formation, abundance in this population is significantly lower compared to AD which may contribute to their intact cognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selena P Maxwell
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Meghan K Cash
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sultan Darvesh
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Medicine (Neurology & Geriatric Medicine), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Physics, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Katsumi Y, Wong B, Cavallari M, Fong TG, Alsop DC, Andreano JM, Carvalho N, Brickhouse M, Jones R, Libermann TA, Marcantonio ER, Schmitt E, Shafi MM, Pascual-Leone A, Travison T, Barrett LF, Inouye SK, Dickerson BC, Touroutoglou A. Structural integrity of the anterior mid-cingulate cortex contributes to resilience to delirium in SuperAging. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac163. [PMID: 35822100 PMCID: PMC9272062 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Despite its devastating clinical and societal impact, approaches to treat delirium in older adults remain elusive, making it important to identify factors that may confer resilience to this syndrome. Here, we investigated a cohort of 93 cognitively normal older patients undergoing elective surgery recruited as part of the Successful Aging after Elective Surgery study. Each participant was classified either as a SuperAger (n = 19) or typically aging older adult (n = 74) based on neuropsychological criteria, where the former was defined as those older adults whose memory function rivals that of young adults. We compared these subgroups to examine the role of preoperative memory function in the incidence and severity of postoperative delirium. We additionally investigated the association between indices of postoperative delirium symptoms and cortical thickness in functional networks implicated in SuperAging based on structural magnetic resonance imaging data that were collected preoperatively. We found that SuperAging confers the real-world benefit of resilience to delirium, as shown by lower (i.e. zero) incidence of postoperative delirium and decreased severity scores compared with typical older adults. Furthermore, greater baseline cortical thickness of the anterior mid-cingulate cortex—a key node of the brain’s salience network that is also consistently implicated in SuperAging—predicted lower postoperative delirium severity scores in all patients. Taken together, these findings suggest that baseline memory function in older adults may be a useful predictor of postoperative delirium risk and severity and that superior memory function may contribute to resilience to delirium. In particular, the integrity of the anterior mid-cingulate cortex may be a potential biomarker of resilience to delirium, pointing to this region as a potential target for preventive or therapeutic interventions designed to mitigate the risk or consequences of developing this prevalent clinical syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Katsumi
- Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston MA , USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston MA , USA
| | - Bonnie Wong
- Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston MA , USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston MA , USA
| | - Michele Cavallari
- Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA
- Center for Neurologlical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital , Boston MA , USA
| | - Tamara G Fong
- Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA
- Aging Brain Center, Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife , Boston MA , USA
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston MA , USA
| | - David C Alsop
- Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston MA , USA
| | - Joseph M Andreano
- Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston MA , USA
| | - Nicole Carvalho
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston MA , USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston MA , USA
| | - Michael Brickhouse
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston MA , USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston MA , USA
| | - Richard Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior and Neurology, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School , Providence RI , USA
| | - Towia A Libermann
- Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA
- Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston MA , USA
| | - Edward R Marcantonio
- Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston MA , USA
| | - Eva Schmitt
- Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA
- Aging Brain Center, Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife , Boston MA , USA
| | - Mouhsin M Shafi
- Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston MA , USA
- Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston MA , USA
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA
- Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston MA , USA
| | - Thomas Travison
- Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA
- Aging Brain Center, Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife , Boston MA , USA
| | - Lisa Feldman Barrett
- Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston MA , USA
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University , Boston MA , USA
| | - Sharon K Inouye
- Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA
- Aging Brain Center, Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife , Boston MA , USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston MA , USA
| | - Bradford C Dickerson
- Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston MA , USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston MA , USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston MA , USA
- Massachusetts Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston MA , USA
| | - Alexandra Touroutoglou
- Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston MA , USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston MA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Neuropsychological Profiles of Older Adults with Superior versus Average Episodic Memory: The Northwestern "SuperAger" Cohort. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2022; 28:563-573. [PMID: 34433508 PMCID: PMC8881565 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617721000837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE SuperAgers are adults over the age of 80 with superior episodic memory performance and at least average-for-age performance in non-episodic memory domains. This study further characterized the neuropsychological profile of SuperAgers compared to average-for-age episodic memory peers to determine potential cognitive mechanisms contributing to their superior episodic memory performance. METHOD Retrospective analysis of neuropsychological test data from 56 SuperAgers and 23 similar-age peers with average episodic memory was conducted. Independent sample t-tests evaluated between-group differences in neuropsychological scores. Multiple linear regression determined the influence of non-episodic memory function on episodic memory scores across participants. RESULTS As a group, SuperAgers had better scores than their average memory peers on measures of attention, working memory, naming, and speeded set shifting. Scores on tests of processing speed, visuospatial function, verbal fluency, response inhibition, and abstract reasoning did not differ. On an individual level, there was variability among SuperAgers with regard to non-episodic memory performance, with some performing above average-for-age across cognitive domains while others performed in the average-for-age range on non-memory tests. Across all participants, attention and executive function scores explained 20.4% of the variance in episodic memory scores. CONCLUSIONS As a group, SuperAgers outperformed their average memory peers in multiple cognitive domains, however, there was considerable intragroup variability suggesting that SuperAgers' episodic memory strength is not simply related to globally superior cognitive functioning. Attention and executive function performance explained approximately one-fifth of the variance in episodic memory and maybe areas to target with cognitive interventions.
Collapse
|
43
|
Predictors of Successful Memory Aging in Older Mexican Adults. Behav Neurol 2022; 2022:9045290. [PMID: 35795033 PMCID: PMC9252847 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9045290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research suggests a significant association between increasing age and memory impairments. Nevertheless, for some individuals, memory performance stays within or above the normative values of younger subjects. This is known as successful memory aging and is associated with specific neurophysiological features and psychological and lifestyle-related variables. To date, little is known about the association between successful memory aging and intrinsic capacity (IC) defined as “the composite of all the physical and mental (including psychosocial) capacities that an individual can draw on at any point in time” and resilience. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine if longitudinal associations between IC and successful memory aging and resilience exist and to find differences in cognitive performance between Mexican older adults with successful memory aging, older adults with average memory, and older adults with memory impairment. Methods Longitudinal data from 590 individuals from the third wave (2012) and the Mex-Cog subsample (2016) of the Mexican Health and Aging Study was analysed. Subjects were classified into 3 groups: (1) older adults with successful memory aging (SUMA), (2) older adults with average memory (AVMA), and (3) older adults with memory impairment (IMA). Cognitive domains of orientation, language, attention, constructional praxis, and executive function were evaluated. IC and resilience were measured using items from the MHAS battery. Analysis of variance and multinomial logistic regressions were used to find differences in IC and resilience across the memory aging groups. Results ANOVAs showed significant differences across the three cognitive performance groups in all cognitive domains. Multinomial logistic regression analyses revealed that respondents with higher scores in the psychological and cognitive domains of IC at baseline were more likely to have successful memory aging in the subsequent wave of the study. More resilient subjects in 2012 were not more likely to become a SUMA in 2016. However, this could be a result of the way resilience was measured. Conclusion Our main findings suggest that intrinsic capacity could be used as a predictor of successful memory aging specifically in the psychological and the cognitive domains. More longitudinal studies are needed to further examine these associations.
Collapse
|
44
|
Jia SH, Zhou Z, Shao W, Zhou X, Lv S, Hong W, Peng DT. The functional connectivity of basal forebrain is associated with superior memory performance in older adults: a case-control study. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:519. [PMID: 35751017 PMCID: PMC9233365 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03226-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aging is related with memory deterioration. However, some older adults demonstrate superior performance compared to age- and education-matched adults, who are referred to as superagers. To explore the neural mechanisms that mediate their unusually successful memory is important not only for the ameliorate the effects of aging in brain, but also for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease. This case-control study is aimed to investigate the effects of volume and function of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons on the cognition of superagers. Methods The morphometric and resting-state functional MRI analysis, including 34 superagers and 48 typical older adults, were conducted. We compared the basal forebrain gray matter density and related resting-state functional connectivity (FC) in the two groups. To investigate the relationship of FC with cognition, we measure the correlation of significant altered FC and individual cognitive domain. Results No significant differences of gray matter density was observed between superagers and typical older adults. The superagers had stronger cortical FC of Ch1-3 with left putamen and insular cortex. The strength of FC positively correlated with global cognition, memory and executive function. Conclusions These findings demonstrated that the stronger FC of basal forebrain correlated with specific cognitive difference in global cognition and domains of memory and executive function in superagers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hong Jia
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Shao
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Lv
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Hong
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dan-Tao Peng
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Nicholls VI, Wiener JM, Meso AI, Miellet S. The Relative Contribution of Executive Functions and Aging on Attentional Control During Road Crossing. Front Psychol 2022; 13:912446. [PMID: 35645940 PMCID: PMC9133663 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.912446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As we age, many physical, perceptual and cognitive abilities decline, which can critically impact our day-to-day lives. However, the decline of many abilities is concurrent; thus, it is challenging to disentangle the relative contributions of different abilities in the performance deterioration in realistic tasks, such as road crossing, with age. Research into road crossing has shown that aging and a decline in executive functioning (EFs) is associated with altered information sampling and less safe crossing decisions compared to younger adults. However, in these studies declines in age and EFs were confounded. Therefore, it is impossible to disentangle whether age-related declines in EFs impact on visual sampling and road-crossing performance, or whether visual exploration, and road-crossing performance, are impacted by aging independently of a decline in EFs. In this study, we recruited older adults with maintained EFs to isolate the impacts of aging independently of a decline EFs on road crossing abilities. We recorded eye movements of younger adults and older adults while they watched videos of road traffic and were asked to decide when they could cross the road. Overall, our results show that older adults with maintained EFs sample visual information and make similar road crossing decisions to younger adults. Our findings also reveal that both environmental constraints and EF abilities interact with aging to influence how the road-crossing task is performed. Our findings suggest that older pedestrians' safety, and independence in day-to-day life, can be improved through a limitation of scene complexity and a preservation of EF abilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria I Nicholls
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Ageing and Dementia Research Centre, Bournemouth University, Poole, United Kingdom
| | - Jan M Wiener
- Ageing and Dementia Research Centre, Bournemouth University, Poole, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Isaac Meso
- Neuroimaging Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastien Miellet
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Nordin K, Gorbach T, Pedersen R, Panes Lundmark V, Johansson J, Andersson M, McNulty C, Riklund K, Wåhlin A, Papenberg G, Kalpouzos G, Bäckman L, Salami A. DyNAMiC: A prospective longitudinal study of dopamine and brain connectomes: A new window into cognitive aging. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1296-1320. [PMID: 35293013 PMCID: PMC9313590 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Concomitant exploration of structural, functional, and neurochemical brain mechanisms underlying age-related cognitive decline is crucial in promoting healthy aging. Here, we present the DopamiNe, Age, connectoMe, and Cognition (DyNAMiC) project, a multimodal, prospective 5-year longitudinal study spanning the adult human lifespan. DyNAMiC examines age-related changes in the brain's structural and functional connectome in relation to changes in dopamine D1 receptor availability (D1DR), and their associations to cognitive decline. Critically, due to the complete lack of longitudinal D1DR data, the true trajectory of one of the most age-sensitive dopamine systems remains unknown. The first DyNAMiC wave included 180 healthy participants (20-80 years). Brain imaging included magnetic resonance imaging assessing brain structure (white matter, gray matter, iron), perfusion, and function (during rest and task), and positron emission tomography (PET) with the [11 C]SCH23390 radioligand. A subsample (n = 20, >65 years) was additionally scanned with [11 C]raclopride PET measuring D2DR. Age-related variation was evident for multiple modalities, such as D1DR; D2DR, and performance across the domains of episodic memory, working memory, and perceptual speed. Initial analyses demonstrated an inverted u-shaped association between D1DR and resting-state functional connectivity across cortical network nodes, such that regions with intermediate D1DR levels showed the highest levels of nodal strength. Evident within each age group, this is the first observation of such an association across the adult lifespan, suggesting that emergent functional architecture depends on underlying D1DR systems. Taken together, DyNAMiC is the largest D1DR study worldwide, and will enable a comprehensive examination of brain mechanisms underlying age-related cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Nordin
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI)Umeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Department of Integrative Medical BiologyUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular MedicineUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Present address:
Aging Research CenterKarolinska Institutet & Stockholm UniversityStockholm11330Sweden
| | - Tetiana Gorbach
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI)Umeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Department of Integrative Medical BiologyUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular MedicineUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Umeå School of Business, Economics and StatisticsUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Robin Pedersen
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI)Umeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Department of Integrative Medical BiologyUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular MedicineUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Vania Panes Lundmark
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI)Umeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Department of Integrative Medical BiologyUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Jarkko Johansson
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI)Umeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular MedicineUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Department of Radiation SciencesUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Micael Andersson
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI)Umeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Department of Integrative Medical BiologyUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Charlotte McNulty
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI)Umeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Department of Integrative Medical BiologyUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular MedicineUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Katrine Riklund
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI)Umeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Department of Radiation SciencesUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Anders Wåhlin
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI)Umeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Department of Radiation SciencesUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Goran Papenberg
- Aging Research CenterKarolinska Institutet & Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Grégoria Kalpouzos
- Aging Research CenterKarolinska Institutet & Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Lars Bäckman
- Aging Research CenterKarolinska Institutet & Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Alireza Salami
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI)Umeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Department of Integrative Medical BiologyUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular MedicineUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Aging Research CenterKarolinska Institutet & Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chen X, Rundle MM, Kennedy KM, Moore W, Park DC. Functional activation features of memory in successful agers across the adult lifespan. Neuroimage 2022; 257:119276. [PMID: 35523368 PMCID: PMC9364925 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Much neuroimaging research has explored the neural mechanisms underlying successful cognitive aging. Two different patterns of functional activation, maintenance of youth-like activity and compensatory novel recruitment, have been proposed to represent different brain functional features underlying individual differences in cognitive aging. In this study, we investigated the functional features in individuals across the adult lifespan who appeared to resist age-related cognitive decline, in comparison to those with typical age-related declines, over the course of four years. We first implemented latent mixture modeling, a data-driven approach, to classify participants as successful and average agers in middle-aged, young-old, and very old groups, based on their baseline and longitudinal cognitive performance. Then, using fMRI with a subsequent memory paradigm at the follow-up visit, brain activation specifically related to successful encoding (i.e., subsequent memory effect: subsequently remembered with high confidence > subsequently forgotten) was compared between people who established successful cognitive aging versus average aging in the three age groups. Several differences in the subsequent memory effect were revealed. First, across core task-related regions commonly used during successful encoding, successful agers exhibited high subsequent memory effect, at a level comparable to the young control group, until very old age; in contrast, average agers showed reduced subsequent memory effect, compared to successful agers, beginning in young-old age when memory performance also reduced in average agers, compared to successful agers. Second, additional recruitment in prefrontal clusters, distant from the core task-related regions, were identified in the left superior frontal and right orbitofrontal cortices in successful agers of young-old age, possibly reflecting functional compensation in successful aging. In summary, successful agers demonstrate a pattern of youth-like activation spanning from middle age to young-old age, as well as novel frontal recruitment in young-old age. Overall, our study demonstrated evidence of two neural patterns related to successful cognitive aging, offering an integrated view of functional features underlying successful aging, and suggests the importance of studying individuals across the lifespan to understand brain changes occurring in mid and early-late life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 1600 Viceroy Dr., Unit 800, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA.
| | - Melissa M Rundle
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 1600 Viceroy Dr., Unit 800, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Kristen M Kennedy
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 1600 Viceroy Dr., Unit 800, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - William Moore
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Denise C Park
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 1600 Viceroy Dr., Unit 800, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wagner M, Grodstein F. Patterns of lifestyle behaviours from mid- through later-life in relation to exceptional episodic memory performance in older women: the Nurses' Health Study. Age Ageing 2022; 51:afac102. [PMID: 35536880 PMCID: PMC9089826 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES to model and compare patterns from mid- to late-life of body mass index (BMI), alternate Mediterranean diet (A-MeDi) and physical activity, between women with exceptional episodic memory over age 80 and cognitively average controls. Our goal was to examine if lifestyle risk factors in early adulthood may be identified which promote exceptional memory status later in life. METHODS a case-control sample nested within the Nurses' Health Study (initiated in 1976), including 7,557 cognitively healthy participants who survived to age 80 and had a cognitive assessment at 80-87 years. We defined women with exceptional memory (n = 455) as those with a composite score of episodic memory ≥1.5 standard deviation above the mean. Then, we selected 2,275 cognitively average controls with a score within 1 standard deviation of the mean, matched by age and education. Patterns of BMI, A-MeDi and physical activity at 52-62 through age 82 years were estimated between groups using latent process mixed models. RESULTS In midlife, women with exceptional episodic memory had similar BMI (mean difference [MD] = -0.07 kg/m2 [95% confidence intervals {CI}:-0.41; 0.26]) but better adherence to A-MeDi (MD = +0.25 points [0.08; 0.43]) and more physical activity (MD = +3.50 metabolic-equivalent h/week [1.97; 5.09]) than controls. However, with ageing, both groups had similar patterns; both initially gained and later lost weight, had less activity and declining diet quality (all group-by-time interactions P > 0.07). CONCLUSIONS our findings suggest that lifestyle factors differ primarily at earlier ages for those with exceptional versus average episodic memory, thus lifestyle may be most important in earlier life to preserve high levels of memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maude Wagner
- RUSH Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Francine Grodstein
- RUSH Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Richmond LL, Brackins T, Rajaram S. Episodic Memory Performance Modifies the Strength of the Age-Brain Structure Relationship. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074364. [PMID: 35410041 PMCID: PMC8998694 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The bivariate relationships between brain structure, age, and episodic memory performance are well understood. Advancing age and poorer episodic memory performance are each associated with smaller brain volumes and lower cortical thickness measures, respectively. Advancing age is also known to be associated with poorer episodic memory task scores on average. However, the simultaneous interrelationship between all three factors—brain structure, age, and episodic memory—is not as well understood. We tested the hypothesis that the preservation of episodic memory function would modify the typical trajectory of age-related brain volume loss in regions known to support episodic memory function using linear mixed models in a large adult lifespan sample. We found that the model allowing for age and episodic memory scores to interact predicted the hippocampal volume better than simpler models. Furthermore, we found that a model including a fixed effect for age and episodic memory scores (but without the inclusion of the interaction term) predicted the cortical volumes marginally better than a simpler model in the prefrontal regions and significantly better in the posterior parietal regions. Finally, we observed that a model containing only a fixed effect for age (e.g., without the inclusion of memory scores) predicted the cortical thickness estimates and regional volume in a non-memory control region. Together, our findings provide support for the idea that the preservation of memory function in late life can buffer against typical patterns of age-related brain volume loss in regions known to support episodic memory.
Collapse
|
50
|
Kok FK, van Leerdam SL, de Lange ECM. Potential Mechanisms Underlying Resistance to Dementia in Non-Demented Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease Neuropathology. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:51-81. [PMID: 35275527 PMCID: PMC9198800 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and typically characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β plaques and tau tangles. Intriguingly, there also exists a group of elderly which do not develop dementia during their life, despite the AD neuropathology, the so-called non-demented individuals with AD neuropathology (NDAN). In this review, we provide extensive background on AD pathology and normal aging and discuss potential mechanisms that enable these NDAN individuals to remain cognitively intact. Studies presented in this review show that NDAN subjects are generally higher educated and have a larger cognitive reserve. Furthermore, enhanced neural hypertrophy could compensate for hippocampal and cingulate neural atrophy in NDAN individuals. On a cellular level, these individuals show increased levels of neural stem cells and ‘von Economo neurons’. Furthermore, in NDAN brains, binding of Aβ oligomers to synapses is prevented, resulting in decreased glial activation and reduced neuroinflammation. Overall, the evidence stated here strengthens the idea that some individuals are more resistant to AD pathology, or at least show an elongation of the asymptomatic state of the disease compared to others. Insights into the mechanisms underlying this resistance could provide new insight in understanding normal aging and AD itself. Further research should focus on factors and mechanisms that govern the NDAN cognitive resilience in order to find clues on novel biomarkers, targets, and better treatments of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique K Kok
- Predictive Pharmacology, Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne L van Leerdam
- Predictive Pharmacology, Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth C M de Lange
- Predictive Pharmacology, Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|