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Blackowicz MJ, Persky VW, Sargis RM, Freels S, Anderson HA, Turyk ME. Polychlorinated biphenyls and incident coronary heart disease-related outcomes in Great Lakes fish consumers. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 255:119071. [PMID: 38751005 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been linked to risk factors for cardiovascular disease such as increased inflammation, accelerated atherosclerosis, diabetes, and sex hormone dysregulation. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence suggesting associations between internal dose of PCBs and cardiovascular outcomes. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to investigate longitudinal associations of PCBs with coronary heart disease (CHD)-related outcomes in a cohort of Great Lakes sport fish consumers. METHODS The Great Lakes Sport Fish Consumer cohort was established in the early 1990's. Eight hundred nineteen participants were followed from 1993 to 2017. Serum PCBs were measured in 1994/1995 (baseline), in 2001, and in 2004, while health history questionnaires were administered in 1996, 2003, 2010, and 2017. Cox models were used to prospectively investigate associations of total PCBs and PCB groupings, based on aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity, with incident self-reported physician diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (MI), and angina pectoris. RESULTS A 2-fold increase in phenobarbital-type PCBs was associated with a 72% increase in likelihood of self-reported incident diagnosis of CHD (HR=1.72, 95% CI: 1.06-2.81; p=0.0294). Similar results were observed for total PCBs (HR=1.68, 95% CI: 1.05-2.69; p=0.0306) and mixed methacholine/phenobarbital type (mixed-type) PCBs (HR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.02-2.52; p=0.0427), but not methacholine-type PCBs. PCBs were not strongly associated with risk of MI or angina. CONCLUSIONS This study presents evidence that exposure to PCBs increases the risk of developing coronary heart disease. Given the large number of risk factors and causal pathways for CHD, future research is required to better understand biological mechanisms of action for PCBs on CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Blackowicz
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1603 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Victoria W Persky
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1603 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Chicago Center for Health and Environment (CACHET), University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Robert M Sargis
- Chicago Center for Health and Environment (CACHET), University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sally Freels
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1603 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Henry A Anderson
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, 610 Walnut St., Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Mary E Turyk
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1603 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Chicago Center for Health and Environment (CACHET), University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Marcus MD, Link MS. Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Arrhythmias. Circulation 2024; 150:488-503. [PMID: 39102482 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.065769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
The pro- and antiarrhythmic effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have been extensively studied in preclinical and human trials. Despite early evidence of an antiarrhythmic role of n-3 PUFA in the prevention of sudden cardiac death and postoperative and persistent atrial fibrillation (AF), subsequent well-designed randomized trials have largely not shown an antiarrhythmic benefit. Two trials that tested moderate and high-dose n-3 PUFA demonstrated a reduction in sudden cardiac death, but these findings have not been widely replicated, and the potential of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to reduce arrhythmic death in combination, or as monotherapy, remains uncertain. The accumulated clinical evidence does not support supplementation of n-3 PUFA for postoperative AF or secondary prevention of AF. Several large, contemporary, randomized controlled trials of high-dose n-3 PUFA for primary or secondary cardiovascular prevention have demonstrated a small, significant, dose-dependent increased risk of incident AF compared with mineral oil or corn oil comparator. These findings were reproduced with both icosapent ethyl monotherapy and a mixed EPA+DHA formulation. The proarrhythmic mechanism of increased AF in contemporary cohorts exposed to high-dose n-3 PUFA is unknown. EPA and DHA and their metabolites have pleiotropic cardiometabolic and pro- and antiarrhythmic effects, including modification of the lipid raft microenvironment; alteration of cell membrane structure and fluidity; modulation of sodium, potassium, and calcium currents; and regulation of gene transcription, cell proliferation, and inflammation. Further characterization of the complex association between EPA, EPA+DHA, and DHA and AF is needed. Which formulations, dose ranges, and patient subgroups are at highest risk, remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason D Marcus
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Mark S Link
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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de Roos B. Fish as friends and food-The significance of Frank Buckland's observations and ideas for current fish consumption patterns. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 105:619-621. [PMID: 38288637 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Baukje de Roos
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Cruz-Cobo C, Bernal-Jiménez MÁ, Calle G, Gheorghe LL, Gutiérrez-Barrios A, Cañadas D, Tur JA, Vázquez-García R, Santi-Cano MJ. Efficacy of a Mobile Health App (eMOTIVA) Regarding Compliance With Cardiac Rehabilitation Guidelines in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2024; 12:e55421. [PMID: 39052330 PMCID: PMC11310647 DOI: 10.2196/55421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac rehabilitation is fundamental among patients recovering from a coronary event, and mHealth technology may constitute a useful tool that provides guidelines based on scientific evidence in an entertaining, attractive, and user-friendly format. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the efficacy of an mHealth intervention involving the eMOTIVA app and that of usual care regarding compliance with cardiac rehabilitation guidelines in terms of lifestyle, cardiovascular risk factors, and satisfaction among patients with acute coronary syndrome. METHODS A randomized controlled clinical trial with a parallel group design was conducted. It included 300 patients (mHealth group, 150; control group, 150) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndrome. Both groups underwent evaluations initially (during hospitalization) and after 3 and 6 months (face-to-face consultations). The eMOTIVA app incorporates a virtual classroom providing audio and video information about a healthy lifestyle, a section for self-recording cardiovascular risk factors, and a section for feedback messages and gamification. The primary outcome variables were (1) adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the frequency of consumption of food; (2) physical activity level, sedentary time, and exercise capacity; (3) smoking cessation and nicotine dependence; (4) level of knowledge about cardiovascular risk factors; and (5) app satisfaction and usability. RESULTS The study analyzed 287 patients (mHealth group, 145; control group, 142). Most participants were male (207/300, 69.0%), and the mean age was 62.53 (SD 8.65) years. Significant improvements were observed in the mHealth group compared with the control group at 6 months in terms of (1) adherence to the Mediterranean diet (mean 11.92, SD 1.70 vs 8.92, SD 2.66 points; P<.001) and frequency of eating foods (red meat [≤1/week]: 141/143, 97.9% vs 96/141, 68.1%; industrial pastries [<2/week]: 129/143, 89.6% vs 80/141, 56.8%; oily fish [≥2/week]: 124/143, 86.1% vs 64/141, 41.4%; vegetables [≥2/day]: 130/143, 90.3% vs 78/141, 55.3%; fruit [≥2/day]: 128/143, 88.9% vs 85/141, 60.2%; all P<.001); (2) physical activity (mean 2112.66, SD 1196.67 vs 1372.60, SD 944.62 metabolic equivalents/week; P<.001) and sedentary time (mean 8.38, SD 1.88 vs 9.59, SD 2.09 hours; P<.001); (3) exercise capacity (distance: mean 473.49, SD 102.28 vs 447.25, SD 93.68 meters; P=.04); and (4) level of knowledge (mean 117.85, SD 3.83 vs 111.00, SD 7.11 points; P<.001). App satisfaction was high (mean 42.53, SD 6.38 points), and its usability was excellent (mean 95.60, SD 4.03 points). CONCLUSIONS With the eMOTIVA app, favorable results were obtained in the intervention group in terms of adherence to the Mediterranean diet, frequency of eating certain foods, physical activity, sedentary time, exercise capacity, knowledge level, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and blood sugar level. Furthermore, participants reported high app satisfaction and rated its usability as excellent. Thus, this innovative tool is very promising. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05247606; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05247606.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Cruz-Cobo
- Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Research Group on Nutrition, Molecular, Pathophysiological and Social Issues, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Bernal-Jiménez
- Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Research Group on Nutrition, Molecular, Pathophysiological and Social Issues, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Germán Calle
- Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Cardiology Clinical Unit, Puerta del Mar Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Livia Luciana Gheorghe
- Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Cardiology Clinical Unit, Puerta del Mar Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gutiérrez-Barrios
- Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Cardiology Clinical Unit, Puerta del Mar Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Dolores Cañadas
- Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Cardiology Clinical Unit, Puerta del Mar Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Josep A Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Rafael Vázquez-García
- Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Cardiology Clinical Unit, Puerta del Mar Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
| | - María José Santi-Cano
- Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Research Group on Nutrition, Molecular, Pathophysiological and Social Issues, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
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Petrauskiene A, Daugelaite S, Salomskiene A, Speckauskiene V. What Lithuanian First-Graders Eat: Results of a 15-Year Semi-Longitudinal, Cross-Sectional Surveillance Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:1970. [PMID: 38931323 PMCID: PMC11206776 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This article presents the dietary habits of Lithuanian first-grade (7-8-year-old) students over a 15-year surveillance period to understand the trends and changes in their nutrition patterns. The presented data were collected from three study rounds of the Lithuanian Growth Surveillance Study conducted between 2008 and 2023, with a total sample of 11,594 first-grade students from all 10 counties of Lithuania. The main findings reveal significant shifts in breakfast consumption, with an increase in daily breakfast intake observed over the surveillance period. Conversely, the consumption of cereal porridge showed a notable decrease, particularly in the frequency of consumption. Positive changes were noted in the consumption of vegetables and fresh fruits, indicating an improvement in dietary quality. Also, a concerning trend of declining consumption of certain nutritious food groups like fish and dairy products is identified, whereas the consumption of sugary beverages is low. These findings underscore the importance of ongoing efforts to promote healthier eating habits among school-age children in Lithuania. Addressing these trends requires a multifaceted approach involving education, policy changes, and community-based interventions to ensure the long-term health and well-being of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ausra Petrauskiene
- Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Silvija Daugelaite
- Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aurelija Salomskiene
- Institute of Biological Systems and Genetic Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Vita Speckauskiene
- Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.P.); (V.S.)
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Xia S, Takakura J, Tsuchiya K, Park C, Heneghan RF, Takahashi K. Unlocking the potential of forage fish to reduce the global burden of disease. BMJ Glob Health 2024; 9:e013511. [PMID: 38594079 PMCID: PMC11146385 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Red meat consumption is associated with an elevated risk of mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In contrast, forage fish, as highly nutritious, environmentally friendly, affordable, and the most abundant fish species in the ocean, are receiving increasing interest from a global food system perspective. However, little research has examined the impact of replacing red meat with forage fish in the global diet on diet-related NCDs. METHODS We based our study on datasets of red meat projections in 2050 for 137 countries and forage fish catches. We replaced the red meat consumption in each country with forage fish (from marine habitats), without exceeding the potential supply of forage fish. We used a comparative risk assessment framework to investigate how such substitutions could reduce the global burden of diet-related NCDs in adults. RESULTS The results of our study show that forage fish may replace only a fraction (approximately 8%) of the world's red meat due to its limited supply, but it may increase global daily per capita fish consumption close to the recommended level. Such a substitution could avoid 0.5-0.75 million deaths and 8-15 million disability-adjusted life years, concentrated in low- and middle-income countries. Forage fish as an alternative to red meat could double (or more) the number of deaths that could be avoided by simply reducing red meat consumption. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis suggests that forage fish is a promising alternative to red meat. Policies targeting the allocation of forage fish to regions where they are needed, such as the Global South, could be more effective in maximising the potential of forage fish to reduce the global burden of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Xia
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jun'ya Takakura
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Chaeyeon Park
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ryan F Heneghan
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
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7
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Willer DF, Newton R, Malcorps W, Kok B, Little D, Lofstedt A, de Roos B, Robinson JPW. Wild fish consumption can balance nutrient retention in farmed fish. NATURE FOOD 2024; 5:221-229. [PMID: 38509235 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-00932-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Wild fish used as aquafeeds could be redirected towards human consumption to support sustainable marine resource use. Here we use mass-balance fish-in/fish-out ratio approaches to assess nutrient retention in salmon farming and identify scenarios that provide more nutrient-rich food to people. Using data on Norway's salmon farms, our study revealed that six of nine dietary nutrients had higher yields in wild fish used for feeds, such as anchovies and mackerel, than in farmed salmon production. Reallocating one-third of food-grade wild feed fish towards direct human consumption would increase seafood production, while also retaining by-products for use as aquafeeds, thus maximizing nutrient utilization of marine resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Willer
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Richard Newton
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Wesley Malcorps
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Bjorn Kok
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - David Little
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | | | - Baukje de Roos
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Mjaatveit M, Oldernes H, Gudbrandsen OA. Effects of diets containing fish oils or fish oil concentrates with high cetoleic acid content on the circulating cholesterol concentration in rodents. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:606-621. [PMID: 37737066 PMCID: PMC10803824 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523002118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolaemia is a major risk factor for CVD. Fish intake is associated with lower risk of CVD, whereas supplementation with n-3 long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) has little effect on the cholesterol concentration. We therefore investigated if cetoleic acid (CA), a long-chain MUFA (LC-MUFA) found especially in pelagic fish species, could lower the circulating total cholesterol (TC) concentration in rodents. A systematic literature search was performed using the databases PubMed, Web of Science and Embase, structured around the population (rodents), intervention (CA-rich fish oils or concentrates), comparator (diets not containing CA) and the primary outcome (circulating TC). Articles were assessed for risk of bias using the SYRCLE's tool. A meta-analysis was conducted in Review Manager v. 5.4.1 (the Cochrane Collaboration) to determine the effectiveness of consuming diets containing CA-rich fish oils or concentrates on the circulating TC concentration. Twelve articles were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, with data from 288 rodents. Consumption of CA-rich fish oils and concentrates resulted in a significantly lower circulating TC concentration relative to comparator groups (mean difference -0·65 mmol/l, 95 % CI (-0·93, -0·37), P < 0·00001), with high statistical heterogeneity (I2 = 87 %). The risk of bias is unclear since few of the entries in the SYRCLE's tool were addressed. To conclude, intake of CA-rich fish oils and concentrates prevents high cholesterol concentration in rodents and should be further investigated as functional dietary ingredients or supplements to reduce the risk for developing CVD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margrete Mjaatveit
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5021, Norway
| | - Helle Oldernes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5021, Norway
| | - Oddrun Anita Gudbrandsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5021, Norway
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Sabbour H, Bhatt DL, Elhenawi Y, Aljaberi A, Bennani L, Fiad T, Hasan K, Hashmani S, Hijazi RA, Khan Z, Shantouf R. A Practical Approach to the Management of Residual Cardiovascular Risk: United Arab Emirates Expert Consensus Panel on the Evidence for Icosapent Ethyl and Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2024:10.1007/s10557-023-07519-z. [PMID: 38363478 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-023-07519-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with hyperlipidemia treated with statins remain at a residual cardiovascular (CV) risk. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids hold the potential to mitigate the residual CV risk in statin-treated patients, with persistently elevated triglyceride (TG) levels. METHOD We reviewed the current evidence on the use of icosapent ethyl (IPE), an omega-3 fatty acid yielding a pure form of eicosapentaenoic acid. RESULTS REDUCE-IT reported a significant 25% reduction in CV events, including the need for coronary revascularization, the risk of fatal/nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina, and CV death in patients on IPE, unseen with other omega-3 fatty acids treatments. IPE was effective in all patients regardless of baseline CV risk enhancers (TG levels, type-2 diabetes status, weight status, prior revascularization, or renal function). Adverse events (atrial fibrillation/flutter) related to IPE have occurred mostly in patients with prior atrial fibrillation. Yet, the net clinical benefit largely exceeded potential risks. The combination with other omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, in particular DHA, eliminated the effect of EPA alone, as reported in the STRENGTH and OMEMI trials. Adding IPE to statin treatment seems to be cost-effective, especially in the context of secondary prevention of CVD, decreasing CV event frequency and subsequently the use of healthcare resources. CONCLUSION Importantly, IPE has been endorsed by 20 international medical societies as a statin add-on treatment in patients with dyslipidemia and high CV risk. Robust medical evidence supports IPE as a pillar in the management of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Sabbour
- Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, RI USA, Mediclinic Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Yaser Elhenawi
- Heart And Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asma Aljaberi
- Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, Tawam Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Layal Bennani
- Medical Affairs, Biologix, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tarek Fiad
- Centre Abu Dhabi, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khwaja Hasan
- Packer Hospital Guthrie, Sayre, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shahrukh Hashmani
- Heart And Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabih A Hijazi
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zafar Khan
- Department of Cardiology, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ronney Shantouf
- Heart And Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Morin-Bernier J, de Toro-Martín J, Barbe V, San-Cristobal R, Lemieux S, Rudkowska I, Couture P, Barbier O, Vohl MC. Revisiting multi-omics-based predictors of the plasma triglyceride response to an omega-3 fatty acid supplementation. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1327863. [PMID: 38414488 PMCID: PMC10897027 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1327863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the present study was to identify the metabolomic signature of responders and non-responders to an omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA) supplementation, and to test the ability of a multi-omics classifier combining genomic, lipidomic, and metabolomic features to discriminate plasma triglyceride (TG) response phenotypes. Methods A total of 208 participants of the Fatty Acid Sensor (FAS). Study took 5 g per day of fish oil, providing 1.9-2.2 g eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 1.1 g docosahexaenoic (DHA) daily over a 6-week period, and were further divided into two subgroups: responders and non-responders, according to the change in plasma TG levels after the supplementation. Changes in plasma levels of 6 short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and 25 bile acids (BA) during the intervention were compared between subgroups using a linear mixed model, and the impact of SCFAs and BAs on the TG response was tested in a mediation analysis. Genotyping was conducted using the Illumina Human Omni-5 Quad BeadChip. Mass spectrometry was used to quantify plasma TG and cholesterol esters levels, as well as plasma SCFA and BA levels. A classifier was developed and tested within the DIABLO framework, which implements a partial least squares-discriminant analysis to multi-omics analysis. Different classifiers were developed by combining data from genomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics. Results Plasma levels of none of the SCFAs or BAs measured before and after the n-3 FA supplementation were significantly different between responders and non-responders. SCFAs but not BAs were marginally relevant in the classification of plasma TG responses. A classifier built by adding plasma SCFAs and lipidomic layers to genomic data was able to even the accuracy of 85% shown by the genomic predictor alone. Conclusion These results inform on the marginal relevance of SCFA and BA plasma levels as surrogate measures of gut microbiome in the assessment of the interindividual variability observed in the plasma TG response to an n-3 FA supplementation. Genomic data still represent the best predictor of plasma TG response, and the inclusion of metabolomic data added little to the ability to discriminate the plasma TG response phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane Morin-Bernier
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS)—Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Juan de Toro-Martín
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS)—Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Valentin Barbe
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS)—Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Rodrigo San-Cristobal
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS)—Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Simone Lemieux
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS)—Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Iwona Rudkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Couture
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS)—Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Barbier
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS)—Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS)—Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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11
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Khaleda L, Begum SK, Apu MAR, Chowdhury RH, Alam MJ, Datta A, Rahman MZ, Hosain N, Al-Forkan M. Arsenic-Induced Cardiovascular Diseases and their Correlation with Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number, Deletion, and Telomere Length in Bangladeshi Population. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:27-40. [PMID: 37971645 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-023-09812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic contamination is a global health concern, primarily through contaminated groundwater and its entry into the food chain. The association between arsenic exposure and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is particularly alarming due to CVDs being the leading cause of death worldwide. Arsenic exposure has also been linked to changes in telomere length, mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn), and deletion, further increasing the risk of CVDs. We aimed to determine whether arsenic exposure alters telomere length and mtDNAcn and deletion in a total of 50 CVD patients who underwent open heart surgery hailed from known arsenic-affected and unaffected areas in Bangladesh. Amount of arsenic was determined from the collected nails and cardiac tissues. Relative telomere length and mtDNAcn and deletion were quantified by qRT-PCR. The patients from arsenic-contaminated areas had higher average arsenic deposits in their fingers and toenails (P < 0.05) and higher cardiac tissue injury scores (P < 0.05). Moreover, approximately 1.5-fold shorter telomere length (P < 0.05, r = - 0.775), 1.2-fold decreased mtDNAcn (P < 0.05, r = - 0.797), and an 81-fold higher amount of mitochondrial DNA deletion (P < 0.05, r = 0.784) were observed in the patients who had higher arsenic deposition in their nails. Higher levels of arsenic exposure were found to be linked to shorter telomere length, decreased mtDNAcn, and increased mitochondrial DNA deletion in the patients from As-affected areas. It can also be anticipated that the correlation of arsenic exposure with telomere length, mtDNAcn, and deletion can be used as biomarkers for early diagnosis of arsenic-induced cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Khaleda
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh.
| | - Syeda Kishuara Begum
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdur Rahman Apu
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh
| | - Rahee Hasan Chowdhury
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jibran Alam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh
| | - Amit Datta
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh
| | - Md Zillur Rahman
- Department of Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nazmul Hosain
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong-4203, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Al-Forkan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh
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12
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Tani S, Atsumi W, Imatake K, Suzuki Y, Yagi T, Takahashi A, Matsumoto N, Okumura Y. Habitual fish consumption and healthy lifestyle behaviours may be associated with higher total serum bilirubin level and anti-inflammatory activity: a cross-sectional study. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1904-1914. [PMID: 37143350 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523001149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Habitual fish consumption and a healthy lifestyle are associated with lower atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) risk. Mildly elevated bilirubin, an end product of Hb metabolism, may be associated with anti-inflammatory effects, suppressing ASCVD risk. No data exist on the relationship between fish consumption, total serum bilirubin (TSB) and inflammation in clinical settings. We conducted a cross-sectional study between April 2019 and March 2020 in a cohort of 8292 participants (average age, 46·7 (sd 12·9) years and 58·9 % men) with no history of ASCVD and TSB concentrations < 2·0 mg/dl. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed Hb concentrations were a solid positive determinant of TSB concentrations (β = 0·302, P< 0·0001). Fish consumption (β = 0·025, P= 0·019) and aerobic exercise (β = 0·021, P= 0·043) were statistically weak but significantly positive determinants of TSB concentrations. Cigarette smoking negatively affected TSB concentrations (β = −0·104, P< 0·0001). Moreover, with increasing fish consumption, the proportion of participants with a habit of cigarette smoking decreased, and that of participants who engaged in aerobic exercises increased (P< 0·0001 for both). Furthermore, as TSB concentrations increased, the leukocyte counts and C-reactive protein concentrations decreased (P< 0·0001 for both). In conclusion, despite the lesser relevance given to TSB concentrations than Hb concentrations, higher fish consumption and healthier lifestyle behaviours related to fish consumption habits may be additively or synergistically associated with higher TSB concentrations and anti-inflammatory activity, leading to attenuated ASCVD risk. Further investigations are needed to clarify the causal relationships between these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigemasa Tani
- Department of Health Planning Center, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicines, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Atsumi
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicines, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Imatake
- Department of Health Planning Center, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Suzuki
- Department of Health Planning Center, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicines, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Yagi
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicines, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Takahashi
- Department of Health Planning Center, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Matsumoto
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicines, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Okumura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicines, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Tan K, Huang L, Tan K, Lim L, Peng Y, Cheong KL. Effects of culinary treatments on the lipid nutritional quality of fish and shellfish. Food Chem X 2023; 19:100856. [PMID: 37780264 PMCID: PMC10534239 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Seafood, especially fish and shellfish, is a healthy food that reduces the risk of CHD. In many regions, seafood is consumed cooked to eliminate potentially pathogenic microorganisms. Although there have been many reports of culinary preparations causing changes in the fatty acid profile of fish and shellfish, this information has not been well organized, and most of it is not associated to CHD. Therefore, this study was conducted to study the effect of culinary treatments of seafood on lipid nutritional quality in relation to promotion/prevention of CHD. In this study, fatty acid profiles of fish and shellfish prepared with different culinary preparations were obtained from published literature. Lipid nutritional quality indices related to promoting/preventing CHD were calculated and analyzed to reveal the effects of culinary treatment on the lipid nutritional quality of fish and shellfish in promoting/preventing of CHD. The information in this article is very useful and can fill the knowledge gap of the effects of culinary preparation on the lipid nutritional quality of fish and shellfish. Such information is very useful for guiding consumers to choose better ways to cook fish and shellfish to reduce the risk of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsoon Tan
- College of Marine Science, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Centre, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Leiheng Huang
- College of Marine Science, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Centre, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Kianann Tan
- College of Marine Science, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Centre, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Leongseng Lim
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Ya Peng
- College of Marine Science, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Centre, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Kit-Leong Cheong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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14
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de Roos B. Integrated aquaculture-agriculture production supports food and nutrition security in Bangladesh. NATURE FOOD 2023; 4:833-834. [PMID: 37696965 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00845-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baukje de Roos
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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15
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Tani S, Atsumi W, Yagi T, Imatake K, Suzuki Y, Takahashi A, Monden M, Matsumoto N, Okumura Y. Higher frequency of fish intake and healthy lifestyle behaviors may be associated with a lower platelet count in Japan: Implication for the anti-atherosclerotic effect of fish intake. Prev Med 2023; 175:107682. [PMID: 37625651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Habitual fish intake and healthier lifestyles are associated with a lower risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Higher platelet counts (PLCs) are reportedly associated with higher ASCVD events. We aimed to investigate the association between fish intake and lifestyle with PLCs. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study in a cohort of 9329 participants (average age: 46.9 ± 12.9 years; 58.9% men) with no history of ASCVD registered at the Health Planning Center of Nihon University Hospital in 2019. RESULTS The average fish intake frequency was 2.15 ± 1.28 days/week. As fish intake frequency increased (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days), PLC decreased significantly (p < 0.0001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that higher fish intake frequency tended to be a determinant of lower PLC. Aerobic exercise habits and sleep duration were independent negative determinants of PLC. Cigarette smoking habits were a positive independent determinant of PLC. Furthermore, with increasing fish intake frequency, the proportion of participants with habitual aerobic exercise, non-smoking habits, and longer sleep duration increased (p < 0.0001 for all). Higher n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA), calculated based on data from the Japanese National Health and Nutrition Survey, intake was associated with a lower PLC. CONCLUSION Higher fish intake and healthier lifestyle behaviors may be comprehensively associated with lower PLCs. The intake of N-3 PUFA with anti-inflammatory effects, rich in fish, may also be related to the lower PLC. This association may explain the preventive effects of fish intake on ASCVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigemasa Tani
- Department of Health Planning Center, Nihon University Hospital, 1-6 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8309, Japan; Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, 1-6 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8309, Japan; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicines, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, 173-8610 Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Wataru Atsumi
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, 1-6 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8309, Japan; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicines, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, 173-8610 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Yagi
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, 1-6 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8309, Japan; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicines, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, 173-8610 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Imatake
- Department of Health Planning Center, Nihon University Hospital, 1-6 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8309, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Suzuki
- Department of Health Planning Center, Nihon University Hospital, 1-6 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8309, Japan; Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, 1-6 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8309, Japan; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicines, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, 173-8610 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Takahashi
- Department of Health Planning Center, Nihon University Hospital, 1-6 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8309, Japan
| | - Masaki Monden
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, 1-6 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8309, Japan; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicines, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, 173-8610 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Matsumoto
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, 1-6 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8309, Japan; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicines, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, 173-8610 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Okumura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicines, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, 173-8610 Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Chiusolo S, Bork CS, Gentile F, Lundbye-Christensen S, Harris WS, Schmidt EB, De Caterina R. Adipose tissue n-3/n-6 fatty acids ratios versus n-3 fatty acids fractions as predictors of myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 2023; 262:38-48. [PMID: 37086938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2023.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been inversely related with risk of myocardial infarction (MI). Whether ratios of n-3 to n-6 PUFAs, reflecting both dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs and competing n-6 PUFAs, are better predictors of future MI than n-3 PUFA fractions is unclear. We aimed at investigating whether such ratios in adipose tissue better predict MI than n-3 PUFA fractions. METHODS Subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were obtained in a random sample (n=3,500) of the Diet, Cancer and Health cohort (n=57,053). Adipose tissue content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), arachidonic acid (AA) and linoleic acid (LA) was determined using gas chromatography. Fractions of selected n-3 PUFAs and n-3/n-6 PUFA ratios were correlated to the 15-year occurrence of MI in a case-cohort design. RESULTS A total of 2,406 participants experienced an MI during follow-up. Adipose tissue total marine n-3 PUFAs, EPA+DHA, EPA, EPA/AA, DHA/AA and (EPA+DPA+DHA)/AA were all inversely associated with risk of incident MI. Evaluating the predictive power (Harrel's C-index) of the selected metrics, fractions of marine n-3 PUFAs and ratios of EPA/AA, DHA/AA, (EPA+DHA)/AA and (EPA+DPA+DHA)/AA all refined risk prediction over age and sex alone. At multivariable analyses, however, the above ratios were the only metrics providing additional risk prediction. Differences in ratios were related to differences in food intake. CONCLUSIONS Both adipose tissue n-3 PUFAs fractions and ratios of n-3 PUFAs/AA were associated with a lower occurrence of MI, but ratios provided superior risk prediction. Dietary strategies affecting n-3/n-6 PUFA ratios should be further investigated for prediction of MI with dietary interventions at the population level and in intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Chiusolo
- Cardiology Division, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Gentile
- Cardiology Division, Pisa University Hospital and University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Søren Lundbye-Christensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Unit of Clinical Biostatistics, Aalborg University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine-Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - William S Harris
- Fatty Acid Research Institute and the Department of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, U.S.A
| | - Erik Berg Schmidt
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- Cardiology Division, Pisa University Hospital and University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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17
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Fish intake and risk of cardiovascular events: an analysis of the VITAL cohort. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:400-404. [PMID: 36482183 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01244-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary habits with fish consumption have been associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease, based on heterogenous observational studies. Current recommendations suggest eating at least 1-2 fish servings per week for CV prevention. METHODS We conducted a retrospective evaluation of a cohort study that enrolled a large primary prevention population to determine the potential benefit of fish intake ≥1.5 serving per week, through a multivariate Cox regression model. The outcomes of interest included all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, MACE (composite endpoint of myocardial infarction, stroke, and death from cardiovascular causes), expanded MACE (MACE plus coronary revascularization), total myocardial infarction (MI), total coronary heart disease (CHD) and total stoke. The estimates were reported using hazard ratio (HR) with 99% confidence intervals (99% CI). RESULTS A total of 25,435 patients were evaluated (11,921 individuals ≥1.5 fish servings/week; 13,514 < 1.5 fish servings per week). Intake ≥1.5 servings/week was not independently associated with CV outcomes reduction, such as CV mortality, MI risk MACE, expanded MACE outcomes, CHD or stroke (HR 0.78, 99% CI 0.57-1.07). CONCLUSION Fish intake ≥1.5 servings/week was not associated with CV outcomes improvement in this analysis, but potential benefit cannot be ruled out.
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18
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Grieve E, Mamun AA, de Roos B, Barman BK, Ara G, Roos N, Pounds A, Sneddon AA, Murray F, Ahmed T, Little DC. Adolescent girls in aquaculture ecozones at risk of nutrient deficiency in Bangladesh development and validation of an integrated metric. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:405. [PMID: 36855076 PMCID: PMC9972605 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15175-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study developed and validated an integrated metric that enhances understanding of linkages between agro-ecological and socio-economic factors that are important for explaining nutritional wellbeing in relation to fish consumption; especially among adolescent girls who are at risk of nutritional deficiency in Bangladesh. Currently, there is no metric that takes account of environmental, cultural and economic contexts when considering fish consumption and dietary health from a policy perspective. METHODS The study was designed as a bi-seasonal survey, repeated in the same population of adolescent girls recruited during the dry and wet seasons. Sampling was stratified by five settings (four aqua-agroecological zones and one processing plant community), with 60 girls recruited in each. Associations between candidate predictors (salinity, diet diversity, religion, socio-economic status and women's autonomy score) and dependent variables representing nutritional outcomes (anthropometry, omega-3 index and micronutrient levels) were explored in multivariable regressions. The fitted model with its predictors was validated, and a risk score derived from responses to a few short questions on religion, salinity zone, female autonomy, diet diversity and tilapia consumption. RESULTS The omega-3 index showed the clearest distinction between seasons, by salinity and religion. Higher female autonomy, religion (being Hindu rather than Muslim), geographical location (living in a high or mid-saline area), and a higher dietary diversity were the strongest predictors of whole blood omega-3 index. The c-index for the prognostic model was 0.83 and 0.76 in the wet and dry season respectively, indicating good predictive accuracy. There appeared to be a clear trend in risk scores differentiating between those 'chronically at risk' and those 'never at risk'. CONCLUSIONS Observational data on different aquaculture-ecozones defined by salinity enabled us to establish linkages between seasonal fish intake, religion, diet diversity, female autonomy and nutritional wellbeing. The purpose of the metric is to reveal these specific linkages in practice. This tool should improve targeting of timely, preventative and cost-effective nutritional interventions to adolescent girls most at-risk from low omega-3 levels in communities where seafood is produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Grieve
- 1 Lilybank Gardens, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8RZ, UK.
| | - Abdullah-Al Mamun
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, University Road, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Baukje de Roos
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Road W, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Benoy K Barman
- WorldFish, Bangladesh and South Asia, House 355/A Rd 114, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Gulshan Ara
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, GPO Box 128, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Nanna Roos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 51, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexandra Pounds
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Alan A Sneddon
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Road W, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Francis Murray
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, GPO Box 128, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - David C Little
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
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Assessing the Highest Level of Evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials in Omega-3 Research. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15041001. [PMID: 36839358 PMCID: PMC9959429 DOI: 10.3390/nu15041001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the years, there has been heightened interest in the health benefits of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in reducing chronic diseases such as, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, type 2 diabetes, and acute macular degeneration (AMD). Due to inconsistent findings in the evidence, a review to critically examine the plethora of evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in n-3 PUFA research was undertaken. The aim of this review is to study the highest level of evidence and to identify gaps in n-3 PUFA research. RCTs were originally designed for pharmaceutical research and later adopted for nutrition and food-related research. RCTs with active diseases assume that n-3 PUFA will have "drug" like effects, and this high expectation may have led to the inconsistent evidence in the literature. The inconsistency in the literature may be related to varying doses of n-3 PUFA, sources of n-3 PUFA (food vs. supplement; plant vs. marine), type of n-3 PUFA (mixture vs. purified), trial duration, population characteristics, sample size, and genetic variation. For future research, there is a need to distinguish between primary and secondary prevention, and to focus RCTs on primary prevention of chronic diseases by n-3 PUFA which is lacking in the literature.
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Smith MR, Mueller ND, Springmann M, Sulser TB, Garibaldi LA, Gerber J, Wiebe K, Myers SS. Pollinator Deficits, Food Consumption, and Consequences for Human Health: A Modeling Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:127003. [PMID: 36515549 PMCID: PMC9749483 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal pollination supports agricultural production for many healthy foods, such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes, that provide key nutrients and protect against noncommunicable disease. Today, most crops receive suboptimal pollination because of limited abundance and diversity of pollinating insects. Animal pollinators are currently suffering owing to a host of direct and indirect anthropogenic pressures: land-use change, intensive farming techniques, harmful pesticides, nutritional stress, and climate change, among others. OBJECTIVES We aimed to model the impacts on current global human health from insufficient pollination via diet. METHODS We used a climate zonation approach to estimate current yield gaps for animal-pollinated foods and estimated the proportion of the gap attributable to insufficient pollinators based on existing research. We then simulated closing the "pollinator yield gaps" by eliminating the portion of total yield gaps attributable to insufficient pollination. Next, we used an agriculture-economic model to estimate the impacts of closing the pollinator yield gap on food production, interregional trade, and consumption. Finally, we used a comparative risk assessment to estimate the related changes in dietary risks and mortality by country and globally. In addition, we estimated the lost economic value of crop production for three diverse case-study countries: Honduras, Nepal, and Nigeria. RESULTS Globally, we calculated that 3%-5% of fruit, vegetable, and nut production is lost due to inadequate pollination, leading to an estimated 427,000 (95% uncertainty interval: 86,000, 691,000) excess deaths annually from lost healthy food consumption and associated diseases. Modeled impacts were unevenly distributed: Lost food production was concentrated in lower-income countries, whereas impacts on food consumption and mortality attributable to insufficient pollination were greater in middle- and high-income countries with higher rates of noncommunicable disease. Furthermore, in our three case-study countries, we calculated the economic value of crop production to be 12%-31% lower than if pollinators were abundant (due to crop production losses of 3%-19%), mainly due to lost fruit and vegetable production. DISCUSSION According to our analysis, insufficient populations of pollinators were responsible for large present-day burdens of disease through lost healthy food consumption. In addition, we calculated that low-income countries lost significant income and crop yields from pollinator deficits. These results underscore the urgent need to promote pollinator-friendly practices for both human health and agricultural livelihoods. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10947.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Smith
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nathaniel D. Mueller
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Marco Springmann
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Environmental Change Institute and Oxford Martin Programme on the Future of Food, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Timothy B. Sulser
- Environment and Production Technology Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Lucas A. Garibaldi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Miter 630, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural. Mitre 630, CP 8400, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - James Gerber
- Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Keith Wiebe
- Environment and Production Technology Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Samuel S. Myers
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard University Center for the Environment, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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21
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Effects of diets containing proteins from fish muscles or fish by-products on the circulating cholesterol concentration in rodents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Nutr 2022:1-22. [PMID: 36268726 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452200349x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A high circulating cholesterol concentration is considered an important risk factor for the development of CVD. Since lean fish intake and fish protein supplementation have been associated with lower cholesterol concentration in some but not all clinical studies, the main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of diets containing proteins from fish muscles and fish by-products on the serum/plasma total cholesterol (TC) concentration in rodents. A systematic literature search was performed using the databases PubMed, Web of Science and Embase, structured around the population (rodents), intervention (type of fish and fraction, protein dose and duration), comparator (casein) and the primary outcome (circulating TC). Articles were assessed for risk of bias using the SYRCLE's tool. A meta-analysis was conducted in Review Manager v. 5·4·1 (the Cochrane Collaboration) to determine the effectiveness of proteins from fish on the circulating TC concentration. Thirty-nine articles were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, with data from 935 rodents. The risk of bias is unclear since few of the entries in the SYRCLE's tool were addressed. Consumption of proteins from fish resulted in a significantly lower circulating TC concentration when compared with control groups (mean difference -0·24 mmol/l, 95 % CI - 0·34, -0·15, P < 0·00001), with high statistical heterogeneity (I2 = 71 %). To conclude, proteins from fish muscles and by-products show promise as a functional dietary ingredient or supplement by preventing high cholesterol concentration in rodents, thus reducing one of the most important risk factors for developing CVD.
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22
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Wu B, Qu Y, Lu Y, Ji S, Ding L, Li Z, Zhang M, Gu H, Sun Q, Ying B, Zhao F, Zheng X, Qiu Y, Zhang Z, Zhu Y, Cao Z, Lv Y, Shi X. Mercury may reduce the protective effect of sea fish consumption on serum triglycerides levels in Chinese adults: Evidence from China National Human Biomonitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:119904. [PMID: 35961572 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sea fish contain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs) which have been found to reduce triglyceride (TG) levels. However, sea fish may contain pollutants such as mercury which cause oxidative stress and increase TG levels. Therefore, the relationship between sea fish and TG remains unclear. We aimed to explore whether blood mercury (BHg) can affect the effect of sea fish consumption frequency on TG level among Chinese adults. A total of 10,780 participants were included in this study. BHg levels were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The associations of sea fish consumption frequency with BHg and TG levels as well as the association of BHg with TG levels were evaluated using multiple linear regression. Causal mediation analysis was used to evaluate the mediation effect of BHg levels on the association of sea fish consumption frequency with TG levels. The frequency of sea fish consumption showed a negative association with TG level. Compared with the participants who never ate sea fish, the TG level decreased by 0.193 mmol/L in those who ate sea fish once a week or more [β (95%CI): -0.193 (-0.370, -0.015)]. Significant positive associations were observed of BHg with TG levels. With one unit increase of log2-transformed BHg, the change of TG level was 0.030 mmol/L [0.030 (0.009, 0.051)]. The association between sea fish consumption and TG was mediated by log2-transformed BHg [total effect = -0.037 (-0.074, -0.001); indirect effect = 0.009 (0.004, 0.015)], and the proportion mediated by log2-transformed BHg was 24.25%. BHg may reduce the beneficial effect of sea fish consumption frequency on TG levels among Chinese adults. Overall, sea fish consumption has more benefits than harms to TG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingli Qu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yifu Lu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Saisai Ji
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Ding
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Gu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Sun
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Ying
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xulin Zheng
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yidan Qiu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaojin Cao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuebin Lv
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Shi
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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23
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Spahr A, Divnic‐Resnik T. Impact of health and lifestyle food supplements on periodontal tissues and health. Periodontol 2000 2022; 90:146-175. [PMID: 35916868 PMCID: PMC9804634 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
According to the new classification, periodontitis is defined as a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease associated with dysbiotic biofilms and characterized by progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting apparatus. This definition, based on the current scientific evidence, clearly indicates and emphasizes, beside the microbial component dental biofilm, the importance of the inflammatory reaction in the progressive destruction of periodontal tissues. The idea to modulate this inflammatory reaction in order to decrease or even cease the progressive destruction was, therefore, a logical consequence. Attempts to achieve this goal involve various kinds of anti-inflammatory drugs or medications. However, there is also an increasing effort in using food supplements or so-called natural food ingredients to modulate patients' immune responses and maybe even improve the healing of periodontal tissues. The aim of this chapter of Periodontology 2000 is to review the evidence of various food supplements and ingredients regarding their possible effects on periodontal inflammation and wound healing. This review may help researchers and clinicians to evaluate the current evidence and to stimulate further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Spahr
- Discipline of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Tihana Divnic‐Resnik
- Discipline of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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24
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Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins, Remnants, and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-022-00702-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Chen C, Chaudhary A, Mathys A. Dietary Change and Global Sustainable Development Goals. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.771041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Food production for human consumption is a leading cause of environmental damage in the world and yet over two billion people suffer from malnutrition. Several studies have presented evidence that changes in dietary patterns across the world can lead to win-win outcomes for environmental and social sustainability and can complement ongoing technological and policy efforts to improve the efficiency of agricultural production. However, the existing evidence have been compiled in “silos” by a large range of researchers across several disciplines using different indicators. The aim of this quantitative review is to bring together the existing knowledge on heterogeneity of current dietary patterns across the world and how a transition toward healthy diets in different countries can aid in progress toward multiple global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We first summarize the nutritional quality, economic cost, and environmental footprint of current diets of over 150 countries using multiple indicators. Next, we review which shifts in dietary patterns across different world regions can help toward achievement of SDG2 (Zero hunger), SDG3 (Good health and wellbeing), SDG 6 (Clean water and sanitation), SDG13 (Climate action), SDG14 (Life below water), and SDG15 (Life on land). Finally, we briefly discuss how to enable the shift toward sustainable dietary patterns and identify the research and data gaps that need to be filled through future efforts. Our analysis reveals that dietary change is necessary in all countries as each one has unique priorities and action items. For regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, increased intake of nutrient dense foods is needed to address deficiency of essential nutrients like folate, potassium, and vitamin A. For North America and Europe, shifting toward more plant-based diets would be healthier and simultaneously reduce the per capita environmental footprints. The results can be useful for policymakers in designing country-specific strategies for adoption of sustainable dietary behaviors and for food industry to ensure the supply of sustainable food items customized with regions' need.
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26
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Tani S, Atsumi W, Imatake K, Suzuki Y, Yagi T, Takahashi A, Matsumoto N, Okumura Y. Associations of higher fish consumption and lifestyle with lower monocyte/HDL-C ratio in a Japanese population: Implication for the anti-atherosclerotic effect of fish consumption. J Cardiol 2022; 80:402-409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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27
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Jurek J, Owczarek M, Godos J, La Vignera S, Condorelli RA, Marventano S, Tieri M, Ghelfi F, Titta L, Lafranconi A, Gambera A, Alonzo E, Sciacca S, Buscemi S, Ray S, Del Rio D, Galvano F, Grosso G. Fish and human health: an umbrella review of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2022; 73:851-860. [PMID: 35758202 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2022.2090520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Fish represents one of the most important dietary sources of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are known to be associated with various health benefits. This study aimed to systematically review existing meta-analyses of observational studies exploring the association between fish intake and various health outcomes. A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted to retrieve a total of 63 studies. Evidence was deemed as possible for the association between higher fish intake and decreased risk of the acute coronary syndrome, liver cancer, and depression, and limited for other outcomes (including age-related macular degeneration, Alzheimer's disease, heart failure, all-cause and coronary heart disease mortality, total and ischaemic stroke) due to heterogeneity between results and potential otherwise inexplicable confounding factors. In conclusion, results from epidemiological studies support the mechanistic effects associated with omega-3 fatty acids from high fish consumption, but evidence needs to be further corroborated with more reliable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jurek
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Justyna Godos
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosita A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Marventano
- Rimini Women's Health, Childhood and Adolescent Department, AUSL Romagna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Maria Tieri
- SmartFood Program, Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ghelfi
- Fondazione De Marchi-Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lucilla Titta
- SmartFood Program, Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lafranconi
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Angelo Gambera
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Elena Alonzo
- Food and Nutrition Security and Public Health Service, ASP Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Silvio Buscemi
- Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sumantra Ray
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Ulster, UK.,School of the Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK.,Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,School of Advanced Studies on Food and Nutrition, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK
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28
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Turck D, Bohn T, Castenmiller J, de Henauw S, Hirsch-Ernst KI, Knutsen HK, Maciuk A, Mangelsdorf I, McArdle HJ, Naska A, Peláez C, Pentieva K, Thies F, Tsabouri S, Vinceti M, Bresson JL, Siani A. Scientific advice related to nutrient profiling for the development of harmonised mandatory front-of-pack nutrition labelling and the setting of nutrient profiles for restricting nutrition and health claims on foods. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07259. [PMID: 35464873 PMCID: PMC9016720 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver scientific advice related to nutrient profiling for the development of harmonised mandatory front‐of‐pack nutrition labelling and the setting of nutrient profiles for restricting nutrition and health claims on foods. This Opinion is based on systematic reviews and meta‐analyses of human studies on nutritionally adequate diets, data from the Global Burden of Disease framework, clinical practice guidelines, previous EFSA opinions and the priorities set by EU Member States in the context of their Food‐Based Dietary Guidelines and associated nutrient/food intake recommendations. Relevant publications were retrieved through comprehensive searches in PubMed. The nutrients included in the assessment are those likely to be consumed in excess or in inadequate amounts in a majority of European countries. Food groups with important roles in European diets have been considered. The Panel concludes that dietary intakes of saturated fatty acids (SFA), sodium and added/free sugars are above, and intakes of dietary fibre and potassium below, current dietary recommendations in a majority of European populations. As excess intakes of SFAs, sodium and added/free sugars and inadequate intakes of dietary fibre and potassium are associated with adverse health effects, they could be included in nutrient profiling models. Energy could be included because a reduction in energy intake is of public health importance for European populations. In food group/category‐based nutrient profiling models, total fat could replace energy in most food groups owing to its high‐energy density, while the energy density of food groups with low or no fat content may be well accounted for by the inclusion of (added/free) sugars. Some nutrients may be included in nutrient profiling models for reasons other than their public health importance, e.g. as a proxy for other nutrients of public health importance, or to allow for a better discrimination of foods within the same food category.
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29
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30
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Khalid W, Arshad MS, Aslam N, Majid Noor M, Siddeeg A, Abdul Rahim M, Zubair Khalid M, Ali A, Maqbool Z. Meat myofibril: Chemical composition, sources and its potential for cardiac layers and strong skeleton muscle. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2044847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Khalid
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Noman Aslam
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Majid Noor
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Azhari Siddeeg
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan
| | | | | | - Anwar Ali
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, HN, China
| | - Zahra Maqbool
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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31
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Giosuè A, Calabrese I, Lupoli R, Riccardi G, Vaccaro O, Vitale M. Relations between the Consumption of Fatty or Lean Fish and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1554-1565. [PMID: 35108375 PMCID: PMC9526843 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish consumption is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) partly ascribed to the high content of long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFAs; however, not all fish types are equally rich in these components. To date, it is not clear whether the beneficial effects of fish consumption are shared by fatty and lean fish. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to synthesize knowledge regarding the relation between the intake of fatty fish or lean fish and the risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase until May 2021 for full text with a prospective design involving humans providing data for the highest compared with the lowest fish consumption categories. Summary risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using a random-effects model. Out of 1902 articles retrieved from the literature search, 19 reports met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Altogether, studies on fatty fish comprised 1,320,596 person-years of follow-up, 20,531 incident coronary heart disease (CHD) cases, 9256 incident CVD cases, and 104,763 total deaths. Studies on lean fish comprised 937,362 person-years of follow-up, 21,636 incident CHD cases, 7315 incident CVD cases, and 16,831 total deaths. An inverse association was present for fatty fish with CHD incidence (RR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.86, 0.97), CHD mortality (RR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.98), and total mortality (RR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.94, 0.99). This was not the case for lean fish. The summary estimates for CVD incidence and mortality did not show significant association with both fatty fish and lean fish consumption. The study findings are innovative in highlighting that the health benefits so far linked to fish consumption are, in fact, driven by fatty fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Giosuè
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Calabrese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Lupoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Marilena Vitale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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32
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Yin M, Chen M, Yanagisawa T, Matsuoka R, Zhang L, Qiu W, Tao N, Xi Y, Wang X. A comparative study on the nutritional evaluation of the head, meat, roe, and viscera of rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax). J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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33
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Options for reforming agricultural subsidies from health, climate, and economic perspectives. Nat Commun 2022; 13:82. [PMID: 35013212 PMCID: PMC8748512 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27645-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural subsidies are an important factor for influencing food production and therefore part of a food system that is seen as neither healthy nor sustainable. Here we analyse options for reforming agricultural subsidies in line with health and climate-change objectives on one side, and economic objectives on the other. Using an integrated modelling framework including economic, environmental, and health assessments, we find that on a global scale several reform options could lead to reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and improvements in population health without reductions in economic welfare. Those include a repurposing of up to half of agricultural subsidies to support the production of foods with beneficial health and environmental characteristics, including fruits, vegetables, and other horticultural products, and combining such repurposing with a more equal distribution of subsidy payments globally. The findings suggest that reforming agricultural subsidy schemes based on health and climate-change objectives can be economically feasible and contribute to transitions towards healthy and sustainable food systems.
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34
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Tani S, Imatake K, Suzuki Y, Yagi T, Takahashi A, Matsumoto N, Okumura Y. The Frequency and Amount of Fish Intake Are Correlated with the White Blood Cell Count and Aerobic Exercise Habit: A Cross-sectional Study. Intern Med 2022; 61:1633-1643. [PMID: 35650113 PMCID: PMC9259305 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.8136-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We investigated the relationship between the amount and frequency of fish intake, and the white blood cell (WBC) count and aerobic exercise habits. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study between April 2019 and March 2020 at the Health Planning Center of Nihon University Hospital on a cohort of 8,981 male subjects. Results The average amount and frequency of fish intake were 134±85 g/week and 2.14±1.28 days/week, respectively. The WBC count decreased significantly as the amount of fish intake increased (p<0.0001). According to a multivariate regression analysis, a high fish intake amount (β=-0.082, p<0.0001) and regular aerobic exercise (β=-0.083, p<0.0001) were independent determinants of a low WBC count. The proportion of subjects engaged in regular aerobic exercise increased with an increase in the amount of fish intake (p<0.0001). Furthermore, the amount and frequency of fish intake significantly correlated with the amount of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake determined using the Japan's National Nutrition Survey results (both r=0.962 and 0.958). Therefore, the amount of fish intake could be substituted by the average number of days of fish intake per week. Conclusion A high fish intake was an independent determinant of a low WBC count and engagement in regular aerobic exercise, regardless of whether the fish intake was defined by the amount or frequency of fish intake. However, since fish intake frequency can be measured more easily, this may be used to measure the fish intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigemasa Tani
- Department of Health Planning Center, Nihon University Hospital, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Imatake
- Department of Health Planning Center, Nihon University Hospital, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Suzuki
- Department of Health Planning Center, Nihon University Hospital, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Yagi
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | - Naoya Matsumoto
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yasuo Okumura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
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35
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Tani S, Imatake K, Suzuki Y, Yagi T, Takahashi A, Matsumoto N, Okumura Y. Combined higher frequency fish consumption and healthy lifestyle may lower the triglyceride/HDL-C ratio in middle-aged Japanese males: Anti-atherosclerotic effect of fish consumption. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2021; 78:166-176. [PMID: 34915471 DOI: 10.1159/000521446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish consumption may be associated with a low risk of coronary artery disease. We aimed to investigate whether higher fish consumption results in improved lifestyle behaviors and thus lower triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio--a predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). METHODS AND RESULTS This cross-sectional study included 2947 middle-aged Japanese males with no history of ASCVD or lipid-modifying therapy, who presented at the Health Planning Center of Nihon university hospital between April 2018 and March 2019. We performed an analysis of variance using fish consumption as a categorical variable (0-2 days, 3-4 days, or 5-7 days per week). The serum TG/HDL-C ratio in the 5-7 days fish consumption group was significantly lower than those in the 0-2- and 3-4-days fish consumption groups (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.01, respectively). Multiple regression stepwise analysis revealed that weekly fish consumption negatively and independently determined the TG/HDL-C ratio (β = -0.061, p = 0.001). As fish consumption increased, the proportion of subjects with smoking habits decreased (p = 0.014), those engaging in aerobic exercises and aggressive daily physical activity increased (p < 0.0001 for both), and those with alcohol habit increased (p < 0.0001). In addition, we developed the risk stratification for ASCVD by combining the serum HDL-C level and the serum TG/HDL-C ratio with fish intake. CONCLUSION Increased frequency of fish consumption and improved lifestyle behaviors due to daily fish intake may work additively to lower the serum TG/HDL-C ratio. These associations may explain why high fish consumption is associated with a lower risk of ASCVD. Our findings may help physicians and nutritionists in treating patients with heart diseases and metabolic conditions by recommending a high fish diet in middle-aged Japanese males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigemasa Tani
- Department of Health Planning Center, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicines, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Imatake
- Department of Health Planning Center, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Suzuki
- Department of Health Planning Center, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicines, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Yagi
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicines, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Takahashi
- Department of Health Planning Center, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Matsumoto
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicines, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Okumura
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicines, Tokyo, Japan
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Lofstedt A, de Roos B, Fernandes PG. Less than half of the European dietary recommendations for fish consumption are satisfied by national seafood supplies. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:4219-4228. [PMID: 33999272 PMCID: PMC8572203 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02580-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To review the seafood dietary recommendations of European countries and compare them to national seafood supplies. METHODS Current seafood dietary recommendations were collated from national health authorities across Europe. Food balance sheets were downloaded from the FAO, and appropriate conversion factors were applied to each seafood commodity. Average net per capita seafood supplies from 2007 to 2017 were derived from data on imports and production for food from both capture fisheries and aquaculture, accounting for exports. RESULTS Both national dietary recommendations and seafood supplies varied considerably throughout Europe. At a national level, on a per capita basis, only 13 out of the 31 of European dietary recommendations for fish consumption were satisfied by national seafood supplies. Most of the countries with coastal access, as well as those with traditional fish-eating cultures, such as France and countries in Northern Europe, had adequate seafood supplies to meet their recommendations. The landlocked countries of Central and Eastern Europe did not have enough seafood supplies to satisfy their recommendations. CONCLUSIONS Our findings emphasise the need to not only consider consumer health outcomes when developing and advocating dietary recommendations, but also the sustainability of food production systems. As many foods are not necessarily locally sourced but traded as part of global production and distribution systems, it is important to consider greater consistency between national dietary recommendations to facilitate more sustainable marine food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneli Lofstedt
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Baukje de Roos
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - Paul G Fernandes
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK
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Chen Z, Qian F, Liu G, Li M, Voortman T, Tobias DK, Ley SH, Bhupathiraju SN, Li LJ, Chavarro JE, Sun Q, Hu FB, Zhang C. Prepregnancy plant-based diets and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study of 14,926 women. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:1997-2005. [PMID: 34510175 PMCID: PMC8634573 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests beneficial impacts of plant-based diets on glucose metabolism among generally healthy individuals. Whether adherence to these diets is related to risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is unknown. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine associations between plant-based diets and GDM in a large prospective study. METHODS We included 14,926 women from the Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2001), who reported ≥1 singleton pregnancy and without previous GDM before the index pregnancy. Prepregnancy adherence to plant-based diets was measured by an overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), and unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI) as assessed by FFQs every 4 y. Incident first-time GDM was ascertained from a self-reported physician diagnosis, which was previously validated by review of medical records. We used log-binomial models with generalized estimating equations to calculate RRs and 95% CIs for associations of PDIs with GDM. RESULTS We documented 846 incident GDM cases over the 10-y follow-up among 20,707 pregnancies. Greater adherence to the PDI and hPDI was associated with lower GDM risk. For the PDI, the multivariable-adjusted RR (95% CI) comparing the highest and lowest quintiles (Q5 compared with Q1) was 0.70 (0.56, 0.87) (Ptrend = 0.0004), and for each 10-point increment was 0.80 (0.71, 0.90). For the hPDI, the RR (95% CI) of Q5 compared with Q1 was 0.75 (0.59, 0.94) (Ptrend = 0.009) and for each 10-point increment was 0.86 (0.77, 0.95). After further adjustment for prepregnancy BMI, the associations were attenuated but remained significant: for the PDI, the RR (95% CI) for each 10-point increment was 0.89 (0.79, 1.00) and the corresponding RR (95% CI) was 0.89 (0.80, 0.99) for the hPDI. The uPDI was not associated with GDM. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that greater prepregnancy adherence to a healthful plant-based diet was associated with lower risk of GDM, whereas an unhealthful plant-based diet was not related to GDM risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangling Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Qian
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengying Li
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Deirdre K Tobias
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sylvia H Ley
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shilpa N Bhupathiraju
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ling-Jun Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Springmann M, Clark MA, Rayner M, Scarborough P, Webb P. The global and regional costs of healthy and sustainable dietary patterns: a modelling study. Lancet Planet Health 2021; 5:e797-e807. [PMID: 34715058 PMCID: PMC8581186 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(21)00251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adoption of healthy and sustainable diets could be essential for safe-guarding the Earth's natural resources and reducing diet-related mortality, but their adoption could be hampered if such diets proved to be more expensive and unaffordable for some populations. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the costs of healthy and sustainable diets around the world. METHODS In this modelling study, we used regionally comparable food prices from the International Comparison Program for 150 countries. We paired those prices with estimates of food demand for different dietary patterns that, in modelling studies, have been associated with reductions in premature mortality and environmental resource demand, including nutritionally balanced flexitarian, pescatarian, vegetarian, and vegan diets. We used estimates of food waste and projections of food demand and prices to specify food system and socioeconomic change scenarios up to 2050. In the full cost accounting, we estimated diet-related health-care costs by pairing a comparative risk assessment of dietary risks with cost-of-illness estimates, and we estimated climate change costs by pairing the diet scenarios with greenhouse gas emission footprints and estimates of the social cost of carbon. FINDINGS Compared with the cost of current diets, the healthy and sustainable dietary patterns were, depending on the pattern, up to 22-34% lower in cost in upper-middle-income to high-income countries on average (when considering statistical means), but at least 18-29% more expensive in lower-middle-income to low-income countries. Reductions in food waste, a favourable socioeconomic development scenario, and a fuller cost accounting that included the diet-related costs of climate change and health care in the cost of diets increased the affordability of the dietary patterns in our future projections. When these measures were combined, the healthy and sustainable dietary patterns were up to 25-29% lower in cost in low-income to lower-middle-income countries, and up to 37% lower in cost on average, for the year 2050. Variants of vegetarian and vegan dietary patterns were generally most affordable, and pescatarian diets were least affordable. INTERPRETATION In high-income and upper-middle-income countries, dietary change interventions that incentivise adoption of healthy and sustainable diets can help consumers in those countries reduce costs while, at the same time, contribute to fulfilling national climate change commitments and reduce public health spending. In low-income and lower-middle-income countries, healthy and sustainable diets are substantially less costly than western diets and can also be cost-competitive in the medium-to-long term, subject to beneficial socioeconomic development and reductions in food waste. A fuller accounting of the costs of diets would make healthy and sustainable diets the least costly option in most countries in the future. FUNDING Global Panel on Agriculture and Food Systems for Nutrition and Wellcome Trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Springmann
- Oxford Martin Programme on the Future of Food and WHO Collaborating Centre on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Michael A Clark
- Oxford Martin Programme on the Future of Food and WHO Collaborating Centre on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mike Rayner
- Oxford Martin Programme on the Future of Food and WHO Collaborating Centre on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Scarborough
- Oxford Martin Programme on the Future of Food and WHO Collaborating Centre on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Patrick Webb
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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Visseren FLJ, Mach F, Smulders YM, Carballo D, Koskinas KC, Bäck M, Benetos A, Biffi A, Boavida JM, Capodanno D, Cosyns B, Crawford C, Davos CH, Desormais I, Di Angelantonio E, Franco OH, Halvorsen S, Hobbs FDR, Hollander M, Jankowska EA, Michal M, Sacco S, Sattar N, Tokgozoglu L, Tonstad S, Tsioufis KP, van Dis I, van Gelder IC, Wanner C, Williams B. 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2021; 29:5-115. [PMID: 34558602 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwab154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alessandro Biffi
- European Federation of Sports Medicine Association (EFSMA).,International Federation of Sport Medicine (FIMS)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - F D Richard Hobbs
- World Organization of National Colleges, Academies and Academic Associations of General Practitioners/Family Physicians (WONCA) - Europe
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Christoph Wanner
- European Renal Association - European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA)
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40
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Visseren FLJ, Mach F, Smulders YM, Carballo D, Koskinas KC, Bäck M, Benetos A, Biffi A, Boavida JM, Capodanno D, Cosyns B, Crawford C, Davos CH, Desormais I, Di Angelantonio E, Franco OH, Halvorsen S, Hobbs FDR, Hollander M, Jankowska EA, Michal M, Sacco S, Sattar N, Tokgozoglu L, Tonstad S, Tsioufis KP, van Dis I, van Gelder IC, Wanner C, Williams B. 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:3227-3337. [PMID: 34458905 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2310] [Impact Index Per Article: 770.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alessandro Biffi
- European Federation of Sports Medicine Association (EFSMA)
- International Federation of Sport Medicine (FIMS)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - F D Richard Hobbs
- World Organization of National Colleges, Academies and Academic Associations of General Practitioners/Family Physicians (WONCA) - Europe
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Christoph Wanner
- European Renal Association - European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA)
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Vikøren LA, Drotningsvik A, Midttun Ø, McCann A, Bergseth MT, Austgulen MH, Mellgren G, Ueland PM, Gudbrandsen OA. Baked cod consumption delayed the development of kidney and liver dysfunction and affected plasma amino acid concentrations, but did not affect blood pressure, blood glucose or liver triacylglycerol concentrations in obese fa/fa Zucker rats. Nutr Res 2021; 92:72-83. [PMID: 34274556 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with changes in amino acid metabolism, and studies show that ingestion of fish proteins influence amino acid composition in plasma and urine, in addition to affecting risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Since the majority of fish proteins consumed by humans are as fish fillet, it is of interest to investigate if cod fillet intake affects amino acid composition and metabolic disorders. We hypothesized that a modified AIN-93G diet containing cod fillet would affect amino acid compositions in plasma and urine in obese rats, and also affect risk factors for metabolic syndrome when compared to rats fed a regular AIN-93G diet with casein as the protein source. Obese Zucker fa/fa rats, a rat model of metabolic syndrome, received diets containing 25% protein from lyophilized baked cod fillet and 75% protein from casein (Baked cod diet), or a Control diet with casein for four weeks. The Baked cod diet affected the amino acid composition in plasma, with e.g., lower glycine, histidine, homoarginine, homocysteine, methionine, proline and tyrosine concentrations, but did not affect amino acid concentrations in urine. The concentrations of markers for kidney and liver dysfunction were lower in the Baked cod group, however blood pressure development, fasting and postprandial glucose, and hepatic triacylglycerol concentrations were similar to the Control group. To conclude, substituting 25% of dietary protein with baked cod fillet affected concentrations of some amino acids in plasma and delayed development of kidney and liver dysfunction, but did not affect blood pressure, glucose concentration or fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn A Vikøren
- Dietary Protein Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Aslaug Drotningsvik
- Dietary Protein Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Marthe T Bergseth
- Dietary Protein Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Maren H Austgulen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, 5020 Bergen, Norway; Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Oddrun A Gudbrandsen
- Dietary Protein Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
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Freund F, Springmann M. Policy analysis indicates health-sensitive trade and subsidy reforms are needed in the UK to avoid adverse dietary health impacts post-Brexit. NATURE FOOD 2021; 2:502-508. [PMID: 37117670 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-021-00306-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The United Kingdom's food system will be greatly impacted by Brexit-related trade deals and policy developments-with implications for dietary risk factors and public health. Here we use an integrated economic-health modelling framework to analyse the impacts of different policy approaches to Brexit. A 'soft Brexit' that is in line with the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement increases diet-related mortality in the United Kingdom as costs for health-promoting and import-dependent foods increase and their consumption decreases. Negotiating free-trade agreements with the United States and Commonwealth countries as part of a 'global Britain' approach could triple the negative health impacts of Brexit as greater availability of energy-dense foods increases weight-related risks without meaningfully reducing dietary risks. Eliminating import tariffs on health-sensitive horticultural products could mitigate the negative health impacts of Brexit, and reforming agricultural subsidies to incentivize greater domestic horticultural production could lead to net health gains. Combining these health-sensitive approaches to trade policy and subsidy reform doubled the health gains, offering a promising approach for mitigating the detrimental impacts Brexit could have on dietary health in the United Kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Freund
- Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute-Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Institute of Market Analysis, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - M Springmann
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Oxford Martin Programme on the Future of Food, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Ryu B, Shin KH, Kim SK. Muscle Protein Hydrolysates and Amino Acid Composition in Fish. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19070377. [PMID: 34210079 PMCID: PMC8304736 DOI: 10.3390/md19070377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish muscle, which accounts for 15%-25% of the total protein in fish, is a desirable protein source. Their hydrolysate is in high demand nutritionally as a functional food and thus has high potential added value. The hydrolysate contains physiologically active amino acids and various essential nutrients, the contents of which depend on the source of protein, protease, hydrolysis method, hydrolysis conditions, and degree of hydrolysis. Therefore, it can be utilized for various industrial applications including use in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals to help improve the health of humans. This review discusses muscle protein hydrolysates generated from the muscles of various fish species, as well as their amino acid composition, and highlights their functional properties and bioactivity. In addition, the role of the amino acid profile in regulating the biological and physiological activities, nutrition, and bitter taste of hydrolysates is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bomi Ryu
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Correspondence: (B.R.); (S.-K.K.); Tel.: +82-64-754-3475 (B.R. & S.-K.K.)
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Erica, 55 Hanyangdae-ro, Ansan-si 11558, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Se-Kwon Kim
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Erica, 55 Hanyangdae-ro, Ansan-si 11558, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
- Correspondence: (B.R.); (S.-K.K.); Tel.: +82-64-754-3475 (B.R. & S.-K.K.)
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Anti-Atherogenic Effect of 10% Supplementation of Anchovy ( Engraulis encrasicolus) Waste Protein Hydrolysates in ApoE-Deficient Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072137. [PMID: 34206655 PMCID: PMC8308468 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish protein consumption exerts beneficial metabolic effects on human health, also correlating with a decreased risk for cardiovascular disease. Fish waste contains high amount of proteins and utilization may offer the opportunity for generating compounds advantageous for human health. Especially, fish waste protein hydrolysates beneficially influence pathways involved in body composition, exerting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, making their potential supplementation in human disorders of increased interest. This study assessed the effect of a 10% (w/w) anchovy waste protein hydrolysate (APH) diet for 12 weeks in reducing atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice, through histological and immunohistochemical methods. In addition, monitoring of plaque development was performed, using high-frequency ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. Overall, the APH diet attenuated atherosclerotic plaque development, producing a regression of arterial lesions over time (p < 0.05). Twelve weeks on an APH diet had an anti-obesity effect, improving lipid metabolism and reducing hepatic enzyme activity. A significant reduction in plaque size and lipid content was observed in the aortic sinus of APH-fed mice, compared to the control (p < 0.001), whereas no differences in the extracellular matrix and macrophage recruitment were observed. Supplementation of APH significantly attenuates atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice, exerting a lipid-lowering activity. The opportunity to use fish waste protein hydrolysates as a nutraceutical in atherosclerosis is worthy of future investigations, representing a low cost, sustainable, and nutritional strategy with minimal environmental impact.
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Garay RP. Investigational drugs and nutrients for human longevity. Recent clinical trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov and clinicaltrialsregister.eu. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:749-758. [PMID: 34081543 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1939306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:Several pharmacological drugs have shown proof of concept for longevity in animal models. I aimed to identify and review those longevity drug candidates that are undergoing clinical trials.Areas covered:Recent (post-2017) longevity clinical trials were found in US and EU clinical trial registries. Longevity drug candidates are the antidiabetic drugs metformin and acarbose, and the immunosuppressant rapamycin. These medicinal drugs are tested on biochemical and clinical markers of aging. In addition, vitamin D supplementation is being investigated in two mega-trials (sample size> 5000) for its efficacy in reducing all-cause mortality.Expert opinion:Anti-aging effects of longevity drug candidates suggest, but do not demonstrate that they prolong life. The two megatrials with vitamin D supplementation make it possible to detect differences in life expectancy between vitamin D and placebo. Therefore, a protocol similar to that for vitamin D could be used to demonstrate pro-longevity effects of metformin, acarbose, and rapamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo P Garay
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Craven, Villemoisson-sur-Orge, France.,CNRS, National Centre of Scientific Research, Paris, France
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46
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Tani S, Matsuo R, Atsumi W, Kawauchi K, Ashida T, Yagi T, Imatake K, Suzuki Y, Takahashi A, Matsumoto N, Okumura Y. Higher Frequency of Fish Intake May Be Associated with a Lower Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio: Anti-Atherosclerotic Effects of Fish Consumption. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2021; 77:146-153. [PMID: 34038899 DOI: 10.1159/000515915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher fish consumption has been reported to be associated with a lower incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD). An elevated neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a marker of systemic inflammation, is reportedly associated with the development of adverse CAD events. We hypothesized that a higher fish intake was associated with a lower NLR. METHODS AND RESULTS This cross-sectional study was conducted in a cohort of 8,237 Japanese subjects who had no history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease registered at the Health Planning Center of Nihon University Hospital between April 2018 and March 2019. The average weekly frequency of fish intake was 2.32 ± 1.31 days. The NLR decreased significantly as the weekly frequency of fish intake (0 day, 1-2 days, 3-4 days, or 5-7 days) increased (p = 0.001). A multiple stepwise regression analysis identified the weekly frequency of fish intake (β = -0.045, p < 0.0001) and habitual alcohol intake (β = -0.051, p < 0.0001) as significant but weak, negative, and independent determinants of the NLR. Conversely, the presence of metabolic syndrome (β = 0.046, p < 0.0001), the presence of treatment for diabetes mellitus (β = 0.054, p < 0.0001), and the presence of treatment for hypertension (β = 0.043, p < 0.0001) were significant positive and independent determinants of the NLR. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that a higher frequency of fish intake appears to be associated with a lower NLR, suggesting an anti-systemic inflammation effect. This association may partially explain the preventive effects of a higher fish intake on CAD events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigemasa Tani
- Department of Health Planning Center, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicines, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rei Matsuo
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicines, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Atsumi
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicines, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawauchi
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicines, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ashida
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicines, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Yagi
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicines, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Imatake
- Department of Health Planning Center, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Suzuki
- Department of Health Planning Center, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicines, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Takahashi
- Department of Health Planning Center, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Matsumoto
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicines, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Okumura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicines, Tokyo, Japan
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Tani S, Matsuo R, Imatake K, Suzuki Y, Yagi T, Takahashi A, Matsumoto N, Okumura Y. Gender differences in the associations among fish intake, lifestyle, and non-HDL-C level in Japanese subjects over the age of 50 years: Anti-atherosclerotic effect of fish consumption. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:1434-1444. [PMID: 33744037 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Higher fish consumption may lead to the suppression of atherogenesis. The present study was aimed at investigating the gender differences in association with the frequency of fish intake, lifestyle behaviors and serum non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels. METHODS AND RESULTS This cross-sectional study was conducted in a cohort of 4320 (2479 males, 1570 females) healthy Japanese subjects over 50 years of age registered at the Health Planning Center of Nihon University Hospital between April 2018 and March 2019. The average weekly frequency of fish intake was 2.58 ± 1.39 days in males and 2.42 ± 1.36 days in females. In males, the serum non-HDL-C level decreased significantly as the weekly frequency of fish intake (0-1 days, 2-3 days, 4-5 days, or 6-7 days) increased (p < 0.0001). Multiple stepwise regression analysis identified the weekly frequency of fish intake (β = -0.056, p = 0.004) and habitual aerobic exercise (β = -0.063, p = 0.001) as independent determinants of the serum non-HDL-C level. On the other hand, no such associations were observed in females. However, the proportion of subjects engaging in habitual aerobic exercise increased as the frequency of fish intake increased even among females. CONCLUSIONS A higher frequency of fish intake may be associated with healthier lifestyle behaviors and lower non-HDL-C levels in males, but not in females. There appear to be gender differences in the relationships between the intake of fish and lifestyle behaviors on lipid metabolism. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION umin (http://www.umin.ac.jp/) Study ID: UMIN000035899.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigemasa Tani
- Department of Health Planning Center, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo Japan; Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo Japan; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicines, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Rei Matsuo
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo Japan; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicines, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Imatake
- Department of Health Planning Center, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Suzuki
- Department of Health Planning Center, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo Japan; Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo Japan; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicines, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Yagi
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo Japan; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicines, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Takahashi
- Department of Health Planning Center, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo Japan
| | - Naoya Matsumoto
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo Japan; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicines, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Okumura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Nihon University School of Medicines, Tokyo, Japan
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Inverse Association of Poultry, Fish, and Plant Protein Consumption with the Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease. Cardiol Rev 2021; 30:247-252. [PMID: 33883452 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a major cause of death and disability worldwide and food intake plays an important role in its onset or prevention. It is also well known that consumption of red meat (processed and unprocessed) is associated with an increased incidence of CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), and premature death. However, little is known about the association of consumption of poultry, fish, and plant protein with the incidence of CVD, CHD, and mortality. Several recent studies, reviews and meta-analyses have shown an inverse association of consumption of these foods with the incidence of CVD, CHD, and death. In order to get a better perspective about the current consumption of these foods, a focused Medline search of the English language literature was conducted between 2010 and 2020 using the terms poultry, fish, plant protein consumption, cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, mortality; 28 papers with pertinent information were retrieved. The analysis of data from these papers suggest an inverse relationship between the consumption of these foods and the incidence of de novo CVD or worsening of preexisting CVD. They also demonstrate that the consumption of these foods is still low and that great effort should be made to inform the public about the benefits of switching from red meat to an increased consumption of poultry, fish, and plant protein. All the data from the retrieved papers regarding the consumption of these foods, together with collateral literature, will be discussed in this review.
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Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction in Mild-Moderate Hypertriglyceridemia: Integrating Prescription of Omega-3 with Standard Treatment. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2021; 23:27. [PMID: 33788024 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-021-00919-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This reviews aims to evaluate the role of omega-3 for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction in mild-moderate hypertriglyceridemia. RECENT FINDINGS Epidemiological and Mendelian randomization studies have demonstrated that hypertriglyceridemia is strongly correlated to CVD. Even in patients with optimal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, triglycerides remain an important predictor to lower residual cardiovascular risk. In addition to screening, lifestyle intervention, and LDL-C lowering with statins for hypercholesterolemia (and other agents if needed), additional pharmacological therapies may be indicated to lower residual CVD risk in patients with persistent elevated triglyceride levels. Low-dose combinations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid have failed to reduce CVD in primary prevention. A recent trial evaluating high-dose purified EPA (icosapent ethyl) in mild-moderate hypertriglyceridemic statin-treated patients with or at high-risk atherosclerotic CVD demonstrated a clear benefit on cardiovascular outcomes. The recent REDUCE-IT trial shed light on omega-3 therapy. High-dose icosapent ethyl, a highly purified ethyl ester of EPA, reduced the risk of CVD events in statin-treated hypertriglyceridemic patients at elevated cardiovascular risk. Therefore, omega-3 therapy using high-dose icosapent ethyl should be recommended in statin-treated high-risk patients at high residual CVD risk and mild to moderate elevation of triglycerides. While icosapent ethyl demonstrated a benefit in these patients, drug class effect cannot be assumed and further investigations are warranted to examine the effects of other omega-3 agents at high doses.
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Omega-3 fatty acids ameliorate vascular inflammation: A rationale for their atheroprotective effects. Atherosclerosis 2021; 324:27-37. [PMID: 33812168 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Clinical trials have demonstrated reductions in major adverse cardiovascular events with purified high-dose eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), independent of effects on lipids. We aimed to investigate whether omega-3 fatty acids reduce vascular inflammation, a critical mediator of atherosclerosis, and hypothesised that EPA is superior to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). METHODS In a double-blind randomised controlled trial and cell-culture study, 40 healthy volunteers were supplemented with 4 g daily of either EPA, DHA, fish oil (2:1 EPA:DHA), or placebo for 30 days. Serum was incubated with TNF-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and markers of acute vascular inflammation (AVI) were measured. The effects of EPA, DHA (600 mg/kg/day), olive oil, or no treatment were also measured in preclinical models of [1] AVI using a periarterial collar (C57Bl/6J; n = 40 mice) and [2] atherosclerosis where ApoE-/- mice (n = 40) were fed a 16-week atherogenic diet. RESULTS EPA supplementation reduced expression of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) by 25% compared to placebo (p = 0.03). In the AVI model, EPA reduced vascular expression of VCAM1 by 43% (p = 0.02) and CCL2 by 41% (p = 0.03). Significant inverse correlations were observed between EPA levels and vascular expression of VCAM1 (r = -0.56, p = 0.001) and CCL2 (r = -0.56, p = 0.001). In ApoE-/- mice, EPA reduced aortic expression of Il1b by 44% (p = 0.04) and Tnf by 49% (p = 0.04), with similar inverse correlations between EPA levels and both Il1b (r = -0.63, p = 0.009) and Tnf (r = -0.50, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with EPA, more so than DHA, ameliorates acute and chronic vascular inflammation, providing a rationale for the cardiovascular benefit observed with high dose omega-3 fatty acid administration.
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