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Maccarana M, Li B, Li H, Fang J, Yu M, Li JP. Inhibitors of dermatan sulfate epimerase 1 decreased accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in mucopolysaccharidosis type I fibroblasts. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae025. [PMID: 38760939 PMCID: PMC11101759 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic deficiency of alpha-L-iduronidase causes mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS-I) disease, due to accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) and heparan sulfate (HS) in cells. Currently, patients are treated by infusion of recombinant iduronidase or by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. An alternative approach is to reduce the L-iduronidase substrate, through limiting the biosynthesis of iduronic acid. Our earlier study demonstrated that ebselen attenuated GAGs accumulation in MPS-I cells, through inhibiting iduronic acid producing enzymes. However, ebselen has multiple pharmacological effects, which prevents its application for MPS-I. Thus, we continued the study by looking for novel inhibitors of dermatan sulfate epimerase 1 (DS-epi1), the main responsible enzyme for production of iduronic acid in CS/DS chains. Based on virtual screening of chemicals towards chondroitinase AC, we constructed a library with 1,064 compounds that were tested for DS-epi1 inhibition. Seventeen compounds were identified to be able to inhibit 27%-86% of DS-epi1 activity at 10 μM. Two compounds were selected for further investigation based on the structure properties. The results show that both inhibitors had a comparable level in inhibition of DS-epi1while they had negligible effect on HS epimerase. The two inhibitors were able to reduce iduronic acid biosynthesis in CS/DS and GAG accumulation in WT and MPS-I fibroblasts. Docking of the inhibitors into DS-epi1 structure shows high affinity binding of both compounds to the active site. The collected data indicate that these hit compounds may be further elaborated to a potential lead drug used for attenuation of GAGs accumulation in MPS-I patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Maccarana
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Uppsala, Husargatan 3, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Binjie Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, No. 15 North Third Ring Road East, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Honglian Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Uppsala, Husargatan 3, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jianping Fang
- GlycoNovo Technologies Co. Ltd., Room 202, Building 83-84, 887 Zuchongzhi Road, Pilot Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingjia Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No 8 and 9 Yards, Liangxiang East Road, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jin-ping Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Uppsala, Husargatan 3, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
- SciLifeLab, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
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Mandolfo O, Liao A, Singh E, O'leary C, Holley RJ, Bigger BW. Establishment of the Effectiveness of Early Versus Late Stem Cell Gene Therapy in Mucopolysaccharidosis II for Treating Central Versus Peripheral Disease. Hum Gene Ther 2024; 35:243-255. [PMID: 37427450 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2023.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPSII) is a rare pediatric X-linked lysosomal storage disease, caused by heterogeneous mutations in the iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS) gene, which result in accumulation of heparan sulfate (HS) and dermatan sulfate within cells. This leads to severe skeletal abnormalities, hepatosplenomegaly, and cognitive deterioration. The progressive nature of the disease is a huge obstacle to achieve full neurological correction. Although current therapies can only treat somatic symptoms, a lentivirus-based hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy (HSCGT) approach has recently achieved improved central nervous system (CNS) neuropathology in the MPSII mouse model following transplant at 2 months of age. In this study, we evaluate neuropathology progression in 2-, 4- and 9-month-old MPSII mice, and using the same HSCGT strategy, we investigated somatic and neurological disease attenuation following treatment at 4 months of age. Our results showed gradual accumulation of HS between 2 and 4 months of age, but full manifestation of microgliosis/astrogliosis as early as 2 months. Late HSCGT fully reversed the somatic symptoms, thus achieving the same degree of peripheral correction as early therapy. However, late treatment resulted in slightly decreased efficacy in the CNS, with poorer brain enzymatic activity, together with reduced normalization of HS oversulfation. Overall, our findings confirm significant lysosomal burden and neuropathology in 2-month-old MPSII mice. Peripheral disease is readily reversible by LV.IDS-HSCGT regardless of age of transplant, suggesting a viable treatment for somatic disease. However, in the brain, higher IDS enzyme levels are achievable with early HSCGT treatment, and later transplant seems to be less effective, supporting the view that the earlier patients are diagnosed and treated, the better the therapy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Mandolfo
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Aiyin Liao
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Esha Singh
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Claire O'leary
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca J Holley
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Brian W Bigger
- Stem Cell and Neurotherapies, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Mathis D, Prost J, Maeder G, Arackal L, Zhang H, Kurth S, Freiburghaus K, Nuoffer J. Specific GAG ratios in the diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidoses. JIMD Rep 2024; 65:116-123. [PMID: 38444580 PMCID: PMC10910216 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) screening is tedious and still performed by analysis of total glycosaminoglycans (GAG) using 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue (DMB) photometric assay, although false positive and negative tests have been reported. Analysis of differentiated GAGs have been pursued classically by gel electrophoresis or more recently by quantitative LC-MS assays. Secondary elevations of GAGs have been reported in urinary tract infections (UTI). In this manuscript, we describe the diagnostic accuracy of urinary GAG measurements by LC-MS for MPS typing in 68 untreated MPS and mucolipidosis (ML) patients, 183 controls and 153 UTI samples. We report age-dependent reference values and cut-offs for chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS), heparan sulfate (HS) and keratan sulfate (KS) and specific GAG ratios. The use of HS/DS ratio in combination to GAG concentrations normalized to creatinine improves the diagnostic accuracy in MPS type I, II, VI and VII. In total 15 samples classified to the wrong MPS type could be correctly assigned using HS/DS ratio. Increased KS/HS ratio in addition to increased KS improves discrimination of MPS type IV by excluding false positives. Some samples of UTI patients showed elevation of specific GAGs, mainly CS, KS and KS/HS ratio and could be misclassified as MPS type IV. Finally, DMB photometric assay performed in MPS and ML samples reveal four false negative tests (sensitivity of 94%). In conclusion, specific GAG ratios in complement to quantitative GAG values obtained by LC-MS enhance discrimination of MPS types. Exclusion of patients with UTI improve diagnostic accuracy in MPS IV but not in other types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Déborah Mathis
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Jean‐Christophe Prost
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Gabriela Maeder
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Liya Arackal
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Haoyue Zhang
- Biochemical Genetics LaboratoryDuke University Health SystemDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Sandra Kurth
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Katrin Freiburghaus
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Jean‐Marc Nuoffer
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inborn Errors of MetabolismUniversity Children's Hospital BernBernSwitzerland
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Alsheim E, Thet NT, Laabei M, Jenkins ATA. Development and early testing of a simple, low cost, fast sensor for maternal and neonatal group B Streptococcus. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 247:115923. [PMID: 38118304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae, (Group B Streptococcus (GBS)), is a common colonizer of the female vagina. In women giving birth it can be transmitted to the baby and cause serious illness and even death to the child. We have developed a biosensor comprising of phospholipids and fatty acids vesicles encapsulating high concentration, self-quenched carboxyfluorescein, which is released by the lysis of the vesicle by virulence factors expressed by GBS, becoming diluted and fluorescent. The microbial specificity of the sensor was tested against a number of GBS strains and other microbes including Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus epidermidis and a statistically significant response to GBS measured over these other microbes. To test the invivo efficacy of the biosensor, a pilot study using donated lower vaginal swabs from non-pregnant women was conducted, where 58 female adults were recruited. Participants donated two swabs, one which was used for the vesicle test and one for the 'gold standard', enriched culture media (ECM) test. An overall GBS carriage rate of 17.2% was measured using the ECM test. The vesicle biosensor test took 45 min to obtain a result, and showed a sensitivity of 83.3%, specificity of 85.7% and accuracy of 85.3%. The test accuracy is in line with current novel GBS identification tests, with the advantage of being rapid, easy to use, low-cost and able to be conducted by bedside during start of labour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelie Alsheim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, BATH, UK
| | - Naing Tun Thet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, BATH, UK
| | - Maisem Laabei
- Department of Life Science, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, BATH, UK; School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, Bristol, UK.
| | - A Toby A Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, BATH, UK.
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Veraldi N, Quadri ID, van de Looij Y, Modernell LM, Sinquin C, Zykwinska A, Tournier BB, Dalonneau F, Li H, Li JP, Millet P, Vives R, Colliec-Jouault S, de Agostini A, Sanches EF, Sizonenko SV. Low-molecular weight sulfated marine polysaccharides: Promising molecules to prevent neurodegeneration in mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA? Carbohydr Polym 2023; 320:121214. [PMID: 37659814 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA is a hereditary disease caused by mutations in the sulfamidase enzyme that participates in catabolism of heparan sulfate (HS), leading to HS fragment accumulation and multisystemic failure. No cure exists and death occurs around the second decade of life. Two low molecular weight highly sulfated compounds derived from marine diabolican and infernan exopolysaccharides (A5_3 and A5_4, respectively) with heparanase inhibiting properties were tested in a MPSIIIA cell line model, resulting in limited degradation of intracellular HS. Next, we observed the effects of intraperitoneal injections of the diabolican derivative A5_3 from 4 to 12 weeks of age on MPSIIIA mice. Brain metabolism and microstructure, levels of proteins and genes involved in MPSIIIA brain pathophysiology were also investigated. 1H-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) indicated deficits in energetic metabolism, tissue integrity and neurotransmission at both 4 and 12 weeks in MPSIIIA mice, with partial protective effects of A5_3. Ex-vivo Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) showed white matter microstructural damage in MPSIIIA, with noticeable protective effects of A5_3. Protein and gene expression assessments displayed both pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic profiles in MPSIIIA mice, with benefits of A5_3 counteracting neuroinflammation. Overall, derivative A5_3 was well tolerated and was shown to be efficient in preventing brain metabolism failure and inflammation, resulting in preserved brain microstructure in the context of MPSIIIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Veraldi
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Isabelle Dentand Quadri
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Yohan van de Looij
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Animal Imaging Technology section, Federal Polytechnic School of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Division of Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics & Gynecology & Obstetrics, Children's Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Laura Malaguti Modernell
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics & Gynecology & Obstetrics, Children's Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Benjamin B Tournier
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | | | - Honglian Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Sweden.
| | - Jin-Ping Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Sweden.
| | - Philippe Millet
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Romain Vives
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, Grenoble, France.
| | | | - Ariane de Agostini
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Eduardo Farias Sanches
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics & Gynecology & Obstetrics, Children's Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Stéphane V Sizonenko
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics & Gynecology & Obstetrics, Children's Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Nezamuldeen L, Jafri MS. Protein-Protein Interaction Network Extraction Using Text Mining Methods Adds Insight into Autism Spectrum Disorder. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1344. [PMID: 37887054 PMCID: PMC10604135 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Text mining methods are being developed to assimilate the volume of biomedical textual materials that are continually expanding. Understanding protein-protein interaction (PPI) deficits would assist in explaining the genesis of diseases. In this study, we designed an automated system to extract PPIs from the biomedical literature that uses a deep learning sentence classification model, a pretrained word embedding, and a BiLSTM recurrent neural network with additional layers, a conditional random field (CRF) named entity recognition (NER) model, and shortest-dependency path (SDP) model using the SpaCy library in Python. The automated system ensures that it targets sentences that contain PPIs and not just these proteins mentioned in the framework of disease discovery or other context. Our first model achieved 13% greater precision on the Aimed/BioInfr benchmark corpus than the previous state-of-the-art BiLSTM neural network models. The NER model presented in this study achieved 98% precision on the Aimed/BioInfr corpus over previous models. In order to facilitate the production of an accurate representation of the PPI network, the processes were developed to systematically map the protein interactions in the texts. Overall, evaluating our system through the use of 6027 abstracts pertaining to seven proteins associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder completed the manually curated PPI network for these proteins. When it comes to complicated diseases, these networks would assist in understanding how PPI deficits contribute to disease development while also emphasizing the influence of interactions on protein function and biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Nezamuldeen
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
- King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohsin Saleet Jafri
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Penon-Portmann M, Blair DR, Harmatz P. Current and new therapies for mucopolysaccharidoses. Pediatr Neonatol 2023; 64 Suppl 1:S10-S17. [PMID: 36464587 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are a subset of lysosomal storage diseases caused by deficiencies in the enzymes required to metabolize glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), a group of extracellular heteropolysaccharides that play diverse roles in human physiology. As a result, GAGs accumulate in multiple tissues, and affected patients typically develop progressive, multi-systemic symptoms in early childhood. Over the last 30 years, the treatments available for the MPSs have evolved tremendously. There are now multiple therapies that delay the progression of these debilitating disorders, although their effectiveness varies according to MPS sub-type. In this review, we discuss the basic principle underlying MPS treatment (enzymatic "cross correction"), and we review the three general modalities currently available: hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, enzymatic replacement, and gene therapy. For each treatment type, we discuss its effectiveness across the MPS subtypes, its inherent risks, and future directions. Long term, we suspect that treatment for the MPSs will continue to evolve, and through a combination of early diagnosis and effective management, these patients will continue to live longer lives with improved outcomes for quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Penon-Portmann
- UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - David R Blair
- UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA; Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul Harmatz
- UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA
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Wood SR, Bigger BW. Delivering gene therapy for mucopolysaccharide diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:965089. [PMID: 36172050 PMCID: PMC9511407 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.965089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharide diseases are a group of paediatric inherited lysosomal storage diseases that are caused by enzyme deficiencies, leading to a build-up of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) throughout the body. Patients have severely shortened lifespans with a wide range of symptoms including inflammation, bone and joint, cardiac, respiratory and neurological disease. Current treatment approaches for MPS disorders revolve around two main strategies. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is efficacious in treating somatic symptoms but its effect is limited for neurological functions. Haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) has the potential to cross the BBB through monocyte trafficking, however delivered enzyme doses limit its use almost exclusively to MPSI Hurler. Gene therapy is an emerging therapeutic strategy for the treatment of MPS disease. In this review, we will discuss the various vectors that are being utilised for gene therapy in MPS as well as some of the most recent gene-editing approaches undergoing pre-clinical and clinical development.
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Maccarana M, Tykesson E, Pera EM, Gouignard N, Fang J, Malmström A, Ghiselli G, Li JP. Inhibition of iduronic acid biosynthesis by ebselen reduces glycosaminoglycan accumulation in mucopolysaccharidosis type I fibroblasts. Glycobiology 2021; 31:1319-1329. [PMID: 34192316 PMCID: PMC8600295 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS-I) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficiency of the enzyme alpha-L-iduronidase, which removes iduronic acid in both chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) and heparan sulfate (HS) and thereby contributes to the catabolism of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). To ameliorate this genetic defect, the patients are currently treated by enzyme replacement and bone marrow transplantation, which have a number of drawbacks. This study was designed to develop an alternative treatment by inhibition of iduronic acid formation. By screening the Prestwick drug library, we identified ebselen as a potent inhibitor of enzymes that produce iduronic acid in CS/DS and HS. Ebselen efficiently inhibited iduronic acid formation during CS/DS synthesis in cultured fibroblasts. Treatment of MPS-I fibroblasts with ebselen not only reduced accumulation of CS/DS but also promoted GAG degradation. In early Xenopus embryos, this drug phenocopied the effect of downregulation of DS-epimerase 1, the main enzyme responsible for iduronic production in CS/DS, suggesting that ebselen inhibits iduronic acid production in vivo. However, ebselen failed to ameliorate the CS/DS and GAG burden in MPS-I mice. Nevertheless, the results propose a potential of iduronic acid substrate reduction therapy for MPS-I patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Maccarana
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, BMC B11, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 Box 582 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC C12, Lund University, BMC H11, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Emil Tykesson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC C12, Lund University, BMC H11, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Edgar M Pera
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC H11, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Nadège Gouignard
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC H11, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jianping Fang
- GlycoNovo Technologies Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Anders Malmström
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC C12, Lund University, BMC H11, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Giancarlo Ghiselli
- Glyconova Srl, Parco Scientifico Silvano Fumero, Bioindustry Park Silvano Fumero S.p.A Via Ribes, 5 - 10010 - Colleretto Giacosa (TO), Italy
| | - Jin-ping Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, BMC B11, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 Box 582 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Giostri GS, Souza CDA, Nagai AK, Santos MLSF, Sampaio JSP, de Masi Nassif FDJ. Functional results after carpal tunnel release in mucopolysaccharidosis. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:382. [PMID: 34503540 PMCID: PMC8427841 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01982-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucopolysaccharidosis consists of a group of diseases caused by the deficiency of lysosomal enzymes, which may lead to the compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel due to the accumulation of glycosaminoglycan, resulting in the hand disability. The study purpose is to present functional results of carpal tunnel release in mucopolysaccharidosis patients. Patients were selected from an enzyme replacement group in the Department of Pediatric Neurology. The legal guardians of the patients were informed about the likely functional change of the hands induced by compression of the median nerve. Clinical evaluation was performed in those patients who received their legal guardians' consent to participate and was included inspection, assessment of functional level, wrinkle test and the digital pinch function to manipulate small and large objects. Ultrasound and electromyography were performed to confirm the clinical median nerve compression. Bilateral extended opening technique was performed to access the carpal tunnel and analyze the anatomic findings of the median nerve and the flexed tendons of the fingers. After the surgical release of the carpal tunnel, the clinical evaluation was repeated. Subjective observations of the legal guardians were also considered. RESULTS Seven patients underwent bilateral surgical opening of the carpal tunnel; six boys, mean age of 9.5 (5 to 13), five of them presenting Type II mucopolysaccharidosis, 1 Type I and 1 Type VI. The average follow-up was 12 months (10-13 months). The functional results observed included the improvement in the handling of small and large objects in all children who underwent decompression of the median nerve. The comparison between the pre-operative and post-operative functional levels revealed that 2 patients evolved from Level II to IV, 3 from Level III to IV, 1 from Level IV to V and 1 patient remained in Level III. Tenosynovitis around the flexor tendons and severe compression of the median nerve in the fourteen carpal tunnels were observed during the surgical procedure. In 6 wrists, partial tenosynovitis was performed. CONCLUSIONS Despite the improvement in the overall function of the children' hands, we cannot conclude that only surgery was responsible for the benefit. Better designed studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camila Deneka Arantes Souza
- Serviço de Cirurgia da Mão do Hospital Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. .,Ambulatório Ortopedia Pediátrica, Rua Desembargador Motta, 1070 - Água Verde,, Curitiba, PR, 80250-060, Brazil.
| | - Alencar Kenji Nagai
- Serviço de Cirurgia da Mão do Hospital Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Diagnostic imaging in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis: important imaging patterns. КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ПРАКТИКА 2021. [DOI: 10.17816/clinpract71338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The need for systematization, generalization and analysis of structural changes in various organs and systems that occur in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS). MPS is a rare disease, therefore, there is a lack of structured information in Russian publications in the field of radiology. Aims: The purpose of the study is to summarize our own experience, identifying the incidence of changes in various organs and describing the most significant changes and their causes. Identification of more informative and safe diagnostic methods of various organs, taking into account the specificity of changes in MPS. Methods: Retrospectively, 303 children with MPS of different types were examined (the sample included 70 cases verified by the laboratory studies and molecular genetics), the revision of tomograms and radiographs was carried out for the studies from 2015 to 2021. All the patients underwent MRI of the brain and cervical spine, X-ray of the skeletal bones. Results: The analysis of the obtained images revealed the most common changes, such as dysostosis (in 100%; 70 patients), stenosis of the spinal canal at the craniovertebral level (73%; 51 patients), atrophy (47%; 33 patients) and focal lesions of the brain substance (67%; 47 patients), hydrocephalus (28%; 20 patients), expansion of the perivascular spaces (70%; 58 patients). The pathophysiological mechanisms of the occurrence of structural changes have been analyzed and described. Conclusions: The assessment and comparison of various diagnostic methods for different organs and systems has demonstrated that MRI is the most informative imaging method for the assessment of the craniovertebral junction. Given the lower radiation exposure compared to computed tomography, it is preferable to use digital radiography for examining the bones of the extremities.
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Reichert R, Pérez JA, Dalla‐Corte A, Pinto e Vairo F, de Souza CFM, Giugliani R, Isolan GR, Stefani MA. Magnetic resonance imaging findings of the posterior fossa in 47 patients with mucopolysaccharidoses: A cross-sectional analysis. JIMD Rep 2021; 60:32-41. [PMID: 34258139 PMCID: PMC8260483 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) is a group of hereditary multisystemic lysosomal disorders. Most neuroimaging studies in MPS have focused on the supratentorial compartment and craniocervical junction abnormalities, and data regarding posterior fossa findings are scarce in the literature. Thus, our purpose is to describe posterior fossa findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of MPS patients. METHODS We reviewed routine MRI scans of MPS patients being followed up at our institution (types I, II, III, IV, and VI), focusing on posterior fossa structures. RESULTS Forty-seven MPS patients were included. MRI-visible perivascular spaces were commonly found in the midbrain and adjacent to the dentate nuclei (85% and 55% of patients, respectively). White-matter lesion was not identified in most cases. Its most frequent localizations were in the pons and cerebellum (34% and 30% of patients, respectively). Enlargement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces in the posterior fossa was present in 55% of individuals and was more frequent in neuronopathic patients (73% vs 40%; P = .02). Cerebellar volume was classified as normal, apparent macrocerebellum, atrophic, and hypoplastic in 38%, 38%, 21%, and 3% of patients, respectively. A depression of the posterior fossa floor in the midline sagittal plane was found in 22 patients (47%), which was statistical significantly associated with enlargement of CSF spaces (P = .02) and with apparent macrocerebellum (P = .03). CONCLUSION The present study compiled the main posterior fossa findings in MPS patients. Classically described in the supratentorial compartment, MRI-visible perivascular spaces, white matter lesions, and enlarged perivascular spaces were also found in the posterior fossa. However, atrophy, which commonly affects cerebral hemispheres, was not the most frequent cerebellar morphology found in our study. Moreover, potential findings for future research were described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Reichert
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Surgical SciencesUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)Porto AlegreBrazil
| | | | | | - Filippo Pinto e Vairo
- Center for Individualized Medicine and Department of Clinical GenomicsMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | | | | | - Gustavo R. Isolan
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Surgical SciencesUFRGSPorto AlegreBrazil
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Hurdles in treating Hurler disease: potential routes to achieve a "real" cure. Blood Adv 2021; 4:2837-2849. [PMID: 32574368 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are multiorgan devastating diseases for which hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and, to a lesser extent, enzyme replacement therapy have substantially altered the course of the disease. Furthermore, they have resulted in increased overall survival, especially for Hurler disease (MPS-1). However, despite the identification of clinical predictors and harmonized transplantation protocols, disease progression still poses a significant burden to patients, although at a slower pace. To design better therapies, we need to understand why and where current therapies fail. In this review, we discuss important aspects of the underlying disease and the disease progression. We note that the majority of progressive symptoms that occur in "hard-to-treat" tissues are actually tissues that are difficult to reach, such as avascular connective tissue or tissues isolated from the circulation by a specific barrier (eg, blood-brain barrier, blood-retina barrier). Although easily reached tissues are effectively cured by HCT, disease progression is observed in these "hard-to-reach" tissues. We used these insights to critically appraise ongoing experimental endeavors with regard to their potential to overcome the encountered hurdles and improve long-term clinical outcomes in MPS patients treated with HCT.
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Carubbi F, Barbato A, Burlina AB, Francini F, Mignani R, Pegoraro E, Landini L, De Danieli G, Bruni S, Strazzullo P. Nutrition in adult patients with selected lysosomal storage diseases. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:733-744. [PMID: 33589321 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a group of clinically heterogeneous disorders affecting the function of lysosomes and are characterized by an accumulation of undigested substrates within several cell types. In recent years there have been substantial advances in supportive care and drug treatment for some LSDs, leading to improved patient survival, as seen in Gaucher, Pompe and Fabry disease and some Mucopolysaccharidoses; however, many symptoms still persist. Thus it is now even more important to improve patients' quality of life and reduce symptoms and comorbidities. One potential way of achieving this goal is through adjunct nutritional therapy, which is challenging as patients may be overweight with associated consequences, or malnourished, or underweight. Furthermore, drugs used to treat LSDs can modify the metabolic status and needs of patients. There are currently not enough data to make specific dietary recommendations for individual LSDs; however, suggestions can be made for managing clinical manifestations of the diseases, as well as treatment-associated adverse events. The metabolic and nutritional status of adult patients must be regularly assessed and individualized dietary plans may be created to cater to a patient's specific needs. Damage to the autophagic process is a common feature in LSDs that is potentially sensitive to dietary manipulation and needs to be assessed in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Carubbi
- U.O.C. Medicina metabolica AOU Modena, Metabolic Medicine Unit, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy.
| | - Antonio Barbato
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto B Burlina
- U.O.C. Malattie Metaboliche Ereditarie, Major Operational Unit of Hereditary Metabolic Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Francini
- U.O. Nutrizione Clinica, Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Renzo Mignani
- U.O. di Nefrologia e Dialisi dell'Ospedale Infermi di Rimini, Nephrology Operational Unit of the Infermi Hospital in Rimini, Rimini, Italy
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Linda Landini
- S.S.D. Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition ASL 4 Chiavarese Liguria - Sestri Levante Hospital, Italy
| | | | | | - Pasquale Strazzullo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University Hospital, Naples, Italy
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15
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Ferreira NY, do Nascimento CC, Pereira VG, de Oliveira F, Medalha CC, da Silva VC, D'Almeida V. Biomechanical and histological characterization of MPS I mice femurs. Acta Histochem 2021; 123:151678. [PMID: 33434858 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by alpha-L-iduronidase (IDUA) deficiency, an enzyme responsible for glycosaminoglycan degradation. Musculoskeletal impairment is an important component of the morbidity related to the disease, as it has a major impact on patients' quality of life. To understand how this disease affects bone structure, morphological, biomechanical and histological analyses of femurs from 3- and 6-month-old wild type (Idua +/+) and MPS I knockout mice (Idua -/-) were performed. Femurs from 3-month-old Idua -/- mice were found to be smaller and less resistant to fracture when compared to their age matched controls. In addition, at this age, the femurs presented important alterations in articular cartilage, trabecular bone architecture, and deposition of type I and III collagen. At 6 months of age, femurs from Idua -/- mice were more resistant to fracture than those from Idua +/+. Our results suggest that the abnormalities observed in bone matrix and articular cartilage in 3-month-old Idua -/- animals caused bone tissue to be less flexible and more likely to fracture, whereas in 6-month-old Idua -/- group the ability to withstand more load before fracturing than wild type animals is possibly due to changes in the bone matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Yolanda Ferreira
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Castro do Nascimento
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Flávia de Oliveira
- Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vânia D'Almeida
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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do Nascimento CC, Aguiar O, Viana GM, D Almeida V. Evidence that glycosaminoglycan storage and collagen deposition in the cauda epididymidis does not impair sperm viability in the Mucopolysaccharidosis type I mouse model. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 32:304-312. [PMID: 31679559 DOI: 10.1071/rd19144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal hydrolase, α-L-iduronidase (IDUA). IDUA degrades heparan and dermatan sulfates, two types of glycosaminoglycan (GAG), important signalling and structural molecules of the extracellular matrix. Because many cell types store GAGs, MPS I has been investigated in human and animal models. Enzyme replacement therapy is available for MPS I patients and has improved their life expectancy, allowing them to achieve reproductive age. The aim of this study was to evaluate epididymal and sperm morphology and function in a murine model of MPS I. We used C57BL Idua+/+ and Idua-/- adult male mice (6 months old) to investigate epididymal morphology, sperm ultrastructure, GAG characterisation and mating competence. Epithelial GAG storage, especially in the cauda epididymidis, was seen in Idua-/- mice. Regardless of the morphologic change and GAG storage found in the cauda epididymis, sperm morphology and motility were normal, similar to wild types. In the interstitium, vacuolated cells were found in addition to deposits of GAGs. Mating was not impaired in Idua-/- males and litter sizes were similar between groups. At the time point of the disease evaluated, the deficiency in IDUA affected the morphology of the epididymis in male Idua-/- mice, whereas sperm appearance and motility and the male's capacity to mate and impregnate females were preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Odair Aguiar
- Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 11015-020, Brazil
| | | | - Vânia D Almeida
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04024-002, Brazil; and Corresponding author.
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do Nascimento CC, Aguiar O, Viana GM, D'Almeida V. Morphological damage in Sertoli, myoid and interstitial cells in a mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I). Mol Biol Rep 2020; 48:363-370. [PMID: 33319323 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06055-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by a mutation in the IDUA gene, which codes α-L-iduronidase (IDUA), a lysosomal hydrolase that degrades two glycosaminoglycans (GAGs): heparan sulfate (HS) and dermatan sulfate (DS). GAGs are macromolecules found mainly in the extracellular matrix and have important signaling and structural roles which are essential to the maintenance of cell and tissue physiology. Nondegraded GAGs accumulate in various cell types, which characterizes MPS I as a multisystemic progressive disease. Many tissues and vital organs have been described in MPS I models, but there is a lack of studies focused on their effects on the reproductive tract. Our previous studies indicated lower sperm production and morphological damage in the epididymis and accessory glands in male MPS I mice, despite their ability to copulate and to impregnate females. Our aim was to improve the testicular characterization of the MPS I model, with a specific focus on ultrastructural observation of the different cell types that compose the seminiferous tubules and interstitium. We investigated the testicular morphology of 6-month-old male C57BL/6 wild-type (Idua+/+) and MPS I (Idua-/-) mice. We found vacuolated cells widely present in the interstitium and important signs of damage in myoid, Sertoli and Leydig cells. In the cytoplasmic region of Sertoli cells, we found an increased number of vesicles with substrates under digestion and a decreased number of electron-dense vesicles similar to lysosomes, suggesting an impaired flux of substrate degradation. Conclusions: Idua exerts an important role in the morphological maintenance of the seminiferous tubules and the testicular interstitium, which may influence the quality of spermatogenesis, having a greater effect with the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Odair Aguiar
- Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Vânia D'Almeida
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Understand Mucopolysaccharidosis. I: Demonstration of a Migration Defect in Neural Precursors. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122593. [PMID: 33287330 PMCID: PMC7761689 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Mucopolysaccharidosis type I-Hurler (MPS1-H) is a severe genetic lysosomal storage disorder due to loss-of-function mutations in the IDUA gene. The subsequent complete deficiency of alpha l-iduronidase enzyme is directly responsible of a progressive accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in lysosomes which affects the functions of many tissues. Consequently, MPS1 is characterized by systemic symptoms (multiorgan dysfunction) including respiratory and cardiac dysfunctions, skeletal abnormalities and early fatal neurodegeneration. Methods: To understand mechanisms underlying MPS1 neuropathology, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from a MPS1-H patient with loss-of-function mutations in both IDUA alleles. To avoid variability due to different genetic background of iPSC, we established an isogenic control iPSC line by rescuing IDUA expression by a lentivectoral approach. Results: Marked differences between MPS1-H and IDUA-corrected isogenic controls were observed upon neural differentiation. A scratch assay revealed a strong migration defect of MPS1-H cells. Also, there was a massive impact of IDUA deficiency on gene expression (340 genes with an FDR <0.05). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate a hitherto unknown connection between lysosomal degradation, gene expression and neural motility, which might account at least in part for the phenotype of MPS1-H patients.
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19
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Puri S, Coulson-Thomas YM, Gesteira TF, Coulson-Thomas VJ. Distribution and Function of Glycosaminoglycans and Proteoglycans in the Development, Homeostasis and Pathology of the Ocular Surface. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:731. [PMID: 32903857 PMCID: PMC7438910 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ocular surface, which forms the interface between the eye and the external environment, includes the cornea, corneoscleral limbus, the conjunctiva and the accessory glands that produce the tear film. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycans (PGs) have been shown to play important roles in the development, hemostasis and pathology of the ocular surface. Herein we review the current literature related to the distribution and function of GAGs and PGs within the ocular surface, with focus on the cornea. The unique organization of ECM components within the cornea is essential for the maintenance of corneal transparency and function. Many studies have described the importance of GAGs within the epithelial and stromal compartment, while very few studies have analyzed the ECM of the endothelial layer. Importantly, GAGs have been shown to be essential for maintaining corneal homeostasis, epithelial cell differentiation and wound healing, and, more recently, a role has been suggested for the ECM in regulating limbal stem cells, corneal innervation, corneal inflammation, corneal angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Reports have also associated genetic defects of the ECM to corneal pathologies. Thus, we also highlight the role of different GAGs and PGs in ocular surface homeostasis, as well as in pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudan Puri
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yvette M Coulson-Thomas
- Molecular Biology Section, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tarsis F Gesteira
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Optimvia, LLC, Batavia, OH, United States
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20
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Hampe CS, Eisengart JB, Lund TC, Orchard PJ, Swietlicka M, Wesley J, McIvor RS. Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I: A Review of the Natural History and Molecular Pathology. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081838. [PMID: 32764324 PMCID: PMC7463646 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disease, caused by deficiency of the enzyme α-L-iduronidase, resulting in accumulation of the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) dermatan and heparan sulfate in organs and tissues. If untreated, patients with the severe phenotype die within the first decade of life. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent the development of fatal disease manifestations, prominently cardiac and respiratory disease, as well as cognitive impairment. However, the initial symptoms are nonspecific and impede early diagnosis. This review discusses common phenotypic manifestations in the order in which they develop. Similarities and differences in the three animal models for MPS I are highlighted. Earliest symptoms, which present during the first 6 months of life, include hernias, coarse facial features, recurrent rhinitis and/or upper airway obstructions in the absence of infection, and thoracolumbar kyphosis. During the next 6 months, loss of hearing, corneal clouding, and further musculoskeletal dysplasias develop. Finally, late manifestations including lower airway obstructions and cognitive decline emerge. Cardiac symptoms are common in MPS I and can develop in infancy. The underlying pathogenesis is in the intra- and extracellular accumulation of partially degraded GAGs and infiltration of cells with enlarged lysosomes causing tissue expansion and bone deformities. These interfere with the proper arrangement of collagen fibrils, disrupt nerve fibers, and cause devastating secondary pathophysiological cascades including inflammation, oxidative stress, and other disruptions to intracellular and extracellular homeostasis. A greater understanding of the natural history of MPS I will allow early diagnosis and timely management of the disease facilitating better treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane S. Hampe
- Immusoft Corp, Seattle, WA 98103, USA; (M.S.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-206-554-9181
| | - Julie B. Eisengart
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (J.B.E.); (T.C.L.); (P.J.O.)
| | - Troy C. Lund
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (J.B.E.); (T.C.L.); (P.J.O.)
| | - Paul J. Orchard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (J.B.E.); (T.C.L.); (P.J.O.)
| | | | - Jacob Wesley
- Immusoft Corp, Seattle, WA 98103, USA; (M.S.); (J.W.)
| | - R. Scott McIvor
- Immusoft Corp, Minneapolis, MN 55413, USA; or
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55413, USA
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21
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Yamada S, Mizumoto S. Congenital Disorders Caused by Defects in Catabolism of Glycosaminoglycans. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2020. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1968.1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Yamada
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University
| | - Shuji Mizumoto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University
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22
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Yamada S, Mizumoto S. Congenital Disorders Caused by Defects in Catabolism of Glycosaminoglycans. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2020. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1968.1j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Yamada
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University
| | - Shuji Mizumoto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University
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Kubaski F, de Oliveira Poswar F, Michelin-Tirelli K, Burin MG, Rojas-Málaga D, Brusius-Facchin AC, Leistner-Segal S, Giugliani R. Diagnosis of Mucopolysaccharidoses. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E172. [PMID: 32235807 PMCID: PMC7151013 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10030172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) include 11 different conditions caused by specific enzyme deficiencies in the degradation pathway of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Although most MPS types present increased levels of GAGs in tissues, including blood and urine, diagnosis is challenging as specific enzyme assays are needed for the correct diagnosis. Enzyme assays are usually performed in blood, with some samples (as leukocytes) providing a final diagnosis, while others (such as dried blood spots) still being considered as screening methods. The identification of variants in the specific genes that encode each MPS-related enzyme is helpful for diagnosis confirmation (when needed), carrier detection, genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis (preferably in combination with enzyme assays) and phenotype prediction. Although the usual diagnostic flow in high-risk patients starts with the measurement of urinary GAGs, it continues with specific enzyme assays and is completed with mutation identification; there is a growing trend to have genotype-based investigations performed at the beginning of the investigation. In such cases, confirmation of pathogenicity of the variants identified should be confirmed by measurement of enzyme activity and/or identification and/or quantification of GAG species. As there is a growing number of countries performing newborn screening for MPS diseases, the investigation of a low enzyme activity by the measurement of GAG species concentration and identification of gene mutations in the same DBS sample is recommended before the suspicion of MPS is taken to the family. With specific therapies already available for most MPS patients, and with clinical trials in progress for many conditions, the specific diagnosis of MPS as early as possible is becoming increasingly necessary. In this review, we describe traditional and the most up to date diagnostic methods for mucopolysaccharidoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francyne Kubaski
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil; (F.K.); (F.d.O.P.); (D.R.-M.)
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil; (K.M.-T.); (M.G.B.); (A.C.B.-F.); (S.L.-S.)
- INAGEMP, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil
- Biodiscovery Research Group, Experimental Research Center, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Fabiano de Oliveira Poswar
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil; (F.K.); (F.d.O.P.); (D.R.-M.)
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil; (K.M.-T.); (M.G.B.); (A.C.B.-F.); (S.L.-S.)
| | - Kristiane Michelin-Tirelli
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil; (K.M.-T.); (M.G.B.); (A.C.B.-F.); (S.L.-S.)
- Biodiscovery Research Group, Experimental Research Center, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Maira Graeff Burin
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil; (K.M.-T.); (M.G.B.); (A.C.B.-F.); (S.L.-S.)
- Biodiscovery Research Group, Experimental Research Center, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Diana Rojas-Málaga
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil; (F.K.); (F.d.O.P.); (D.R.-M.)
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil; (K.M.-T.); (M.G.B.); (A.C.B.-F.); (S.L.-S.)
| | - Ana Carolina Brusius-Facchin
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil; (K.M.-T.); (M.G.B.); (A.C.B.-F.); (S.L.-S.)
- INAGEMP, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil
- Biodiscovery Research Group, Experimental Research Center, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Clinical Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Sandra Leistner-Segal
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil; (K.M.-T.); (M.G.B.); (A.C.B.-F.); (S.L.-S.)
- INAGEMP, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil
- Biodiscovery Research Group, Experimental Research Center, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Clinical Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil; (F.K.); (F.d.O.P.); (D.R.-M.)
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil; (K.M.-T.); (M.G.B.); (A.C.B.-F.); (S.L.-S.)
- INAGEMP, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil
- Biodiscovery Research Group, Experimental Research Center, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Clinical Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
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Monaco A, Fraldi A. Protein Aggregation and Dysfunction of Autophagy-Lysosomal Pathway: A Vicious Cycle in Lysosomal Storage Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:37. [PMID: 32218723 PMCID: PMC7079699 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative conditions are characterized by the deposition of protein aggregates (mainly amyloid-like) in the central nervous system (CNS). In post-mitotic CNS cells protein aggregation causes cytotoxicity by interfering with various cellular functions. Mutations in different genes may directly cause protein aggregation. However, genetic factors together with aging may contribute to the onset of protein aggregation also by affecting cellular degradative functions, in particular the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP). Increasing body of evidence show that ALP dysfunction and protein aggregation are functionally interconnected and induce each other during neurodegenerative processes. We will summarize the findings supporting these concepts by focusing on lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), a class of metabolic inherited conditions characterized by global lysosomal dysfunction and often associated to a severe neurodegenerative course. We propose a model by which the inherited lysosomal defects initiate aggregate-prone protein deposition, which, in turns, worsen ALP degradation function, thus generating a vicious cycle, which boost neurodegenerative cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Monaco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fraldi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
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do Nascimento CC, Junior OA, D'Almeida V. Morphologic description of male reproductive accessory glands in a mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I). J Mol Histol 2020; 51:137-145. [PMID: 32162173 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09864-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a genetic disease caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal hydrolase α-L-iduronidase (IDUA). IDUA degrades two types of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs): heparan and dermatan sulfates, important components of extracellular matrix, with signaling and structural functions. The accumulation of GAGs results in progressive physiological impairments in a variety of tissues, making MPS I a complex and multisystemic disease. Due the advent of therapeutic strategies which have increased patients' life expectancy, our group have been investigating the effect of IDUA deficiency on the reproductive system. In the present study, we aimed to characterize some of the accessory glands of the male reproductive tract in an MPS I mouse model. We used 6-month-old Idua+/+ and Idua-/- male mice to evaluate the histology of the seminal vesicles and prostate. Interstitial deposits of GAGs and collagen fibers were also observed. Seminal vesicles were smaller in the Idua-/- group, regardless of the normal staining pattern of the epithelial cells, marked with antiandrogen receptor. The prostate of Idua-/- mice presented necrotic acini and increased deposition of collagen fibers in the interstitium. All glands presented evident deposits of GAGs in the extracellular matrix, especially inside vacuolated interstitial cells. We concluded that, at this stage of the disease, the prostate is the most damaged accessory gland and may therefore, be the first to manifest functional impairments during disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia Castro do Nascimento
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 925, Napoleão de Barros St, 3rd Floor, São Paulo, SP, 04024-002, Brazil
- Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Odair Aguiar Junior
- Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Vânia D'Almeida
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 925, Napoleão de Barros St, 3rd Floor, São Paulo, SP, 04024-002, Brazil.
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Barbosa Mendes A, do Nascimento CC, D’Almeida V. Sexual behaviour in a murine model of mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220429. [PMID: 31834922 PMCID: PMC6910675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I (MPS I) is a rare genetic lysosomal storage disease caused by a mutation of IDUA gene. IDUA codes for α-L-iduronidase (IDUA), a lysosomal hydrolase that degrades glycosaminoglycans (GAGs): heparan sulphate and dermatan sulphate. GAGs are structural and signalling molecules that have a crucial role in controlling a variety of cell functions and their interaction with the extracellular matrix. Because of GAG's widespread action in cellular metabolism, MPS I is a progressive and disabling multisystemic disorder. Nowadays, the therapies available allowed patients to reach the adult life and the consequences of the disease in their reproductive system are mostly unknown. We aimed to investigate whether IDUA disruption influences sexual behaviour and sexual steroid production in male and female MPS I mice. We used 3 and 6-month-old male and 3-month-old female Idua+/_ and Idua-/- mice to evaluate typical rodent copulatory behaviours. In males we observed the frequency and latency of mounts, intromissions and ejaculations. In females, we evaluated the lordosis quotient. We also analysed the locomotor capacity of mice in the open field test, since mobility is essential for copulatory behaviour. We also quantified steroidal hormonal levels in plasmatic samples. We detected an increase in the latencies of intromissions in Idua-/- males when compared to Idua+/_. However, the number of intromissions was not statistically different between groups. No parameter of female sexual behaviour was statistically different between control and knockout females. In both sexes, we detected diminished mobility in Idua-/- mice. Plasma hormone levels did not differ between Idua+/_ and Idua-/- mice, both in males and females. Although the motor disability predicted to MPS I animals, we concluded that in the considered time point of MPS I progression studied, mice are able to perform sexual behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Barbosa Mendes
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Vânia D’Almeida
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Mohamed S, He QQ, Singh AA, Ferro V. Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter syndrome): Clinical and biochemical aspects of the disease and approaches to its diagnosis and treatment. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2019; 77:71-117. [PMID: 33004112 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II, Hunter syndrome) is a rare X-linked lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations of the gene encoding the lysosomal enzyme iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS), the role of which is to hydrolytically remove O-linked sulfates from the two glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) heparan sulfate (HS) and dermatan sulfate (DS). HS and DS are linear, heterogeneous polysaccharides composed of repeating disaccharide subunits of l-iduronic acid (IdoA) or d-glucuronic acid, (1→4)-linked to d-glucosamine (for HS), or (1→3)-linked to 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-galactose (N-acetyl-d-galactosamine) (for DS). In healthy cells, IDS cleaves the sulfo group found at the C-2 position of terminal non-reducing end IdoA residues in HS and DS. The loss of IDS enzyme activity leads to progressive lysosomal storage of HS and DS in tissues and organs such as the brain, liver, spleen, heart, bone, joints and airways. Consequently, this leads to the phenotypic features characteristic of the disease. This review provides an overview of the disease profile and clinical manifestation, with a particular focus on the biochemical basis of the disease and chemical approaches to the development of new diagnostics, as well as discussing current treatment options and emerging new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifaza Mohamed
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Qi Qi He
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Arti A Singh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Vito Ferro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Assadeck H, Toudou Daouda M, Bako H, Hassane Djibo F. Hurler-Scheie syndrome in Niger: a case series. J Med Case Rep 2019; 13:102. [PMID: 31018863 PMCID: PMC6482501 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-019-2047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hurler–Scheie syndrome is an intermediate form of mucopolysaccharidosis type I which is a rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by the deficiency or complete absence of enzyme alpha-L-iduronidase activity. We report the first documented cases of Hurler–Scheie syndrome observed in Niger in a Touareg family. Case presentation We studied the case of two 12-year-old twin Touareg boys and their 10-year-old Touareg sister whose parents are first-degree cousins, and there was no history of similar cases in their previous generations. The diagnosis of Hurler–Scheie syndrome was considered in these patients on the basis of clinical and radiological arguments, with the highlighting of a deficiency of enzyme alpha-L-iduronidase in serum and leukocytes. The twins had presented the first symptoms at the age of 24 months and the diagnosis of Hurler–Scheie syndrome was made at the age of 12 years. In their younger sister, the first symptoms were observed at the age of 3 years and the diagnosis was made at the age of 10 years. The three probands were born after a normal full-term pregnancy and a spontaneous vaginal delivery according to their parents. Their birth weight, height, and head circumference were within normal limits according to their parents. The three probands were brought in for consultation for stunted growth, joint stiffness with gait disorders, deformities of the thoracolumbar spine, recurrent otitis media, decreased hearing, increased abdominal volume, snoring during sleep, and facial dysmorphism. Conclusions Even in countries with limited access to diagnostic means, a good knowledge of the clinical manifestations of the disease can help to guide the diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis type I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Assadeck
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital of Niamey, PO Box 238, Niamey, Niger.,Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Abdou Moumouni University, Niamey, Niger
| | - Moussa Toudou Daouda
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital of Niamey, PO Box 238, Niamey, Niger.
| | - Harouna Bako
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Abdou Moumouni University, Niamey, Niger.,Department of Cardiology, National Hospital of Niamey, Niamey, Niger
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Thomas R, Kermode AR. Enzyme enhancement therapeutics for lysosomal storage diseases: Current status and perspective. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 126:83-97. [PMID: 30528228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule- enzyme enhancement therapeutics (EETs) have emerged as attractive agents for the treatment of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), a broad group of genetic diseases caused by mutations in genes encoding lysosomal enzymes, or proteins required for lysosomal function. The underlying enzyme deficiencies characterizing LSDs cause a block in the stepwise degradation of complex macromolecules (e.g. glycosaminoglycans, glycolipids and others), such that undegraded or partially degraded substrates progressively accumulate in lysosomal and non-lysosomal compartments, a process leading to multisystem pathology via primary and secondary mechanisms. Missense mutations underlie many of the LSDs; the resultant mutant variant enzyme hydrolase is often impaired in its folding and maturation making it subject to rapid disposal by endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD). Enzyme deficiency in the lysosome is the result, even though the mutant enzyme may retain significant catalytic functioning. Small molecule modulators - pharmacological chaperones (PCs), or proteostasis regulators (PRs) are being identified through library screens and computational tools, as they may offer a less costly approach than enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for LSDs, and potentially treat neuronal forms of the diseases. PCs, capable of directly stabilizing the mutant protein, and PRs, which act on other cellular elements to enhance protein maturation, both allow a proportion of the synthesized variant protein to reach the lysosome and function. Proof-of-principle for PCs and PRs as therapeutic agents has been demonstrated for several LSDs, yet definitive data of their efficacy in disease models and/or in downstream clinical studies in many cases has yet to be achieved. Basic research to understand the cellular consequences of protein misfolding such as perturbed organellar crosstalk, redox status, and calcium balance is needed. Likewise, an elucidation of the early in cellulo pathogenic events underlying LSDs is vital and may lead to the discovery of new small molecule modulators and/or to other therapeutic approaches for driving proteostasis toward protein rescue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Thomas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby B.C. V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Allison R Kermode
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby B.C. V5A 1S6, Canada.
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Parker H, Bigger BW. The role of innate immunity in mucopolysaccharide diseases. J Neurochem 2018; 148:639-651. [PMID: 30451296 PMCID: PMC6590380 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses are lysosomal storage disorders characterised by accumulation of abnormal pathological glycosaminoglycans, cellular dysfunction and widespread inflammation, resulting in progressive cognitive and motor decline. Lysosomes are important mediators of immune cell function, and therefore accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and other abnormal substrates could affect immune function and directly impact on disease pathogenesis. This review summarises current knowledge with regard to inflammation in mucopolysaccharidosis, with an emphasis on the brain and outlines a potential role for GAGs in induction of inflammation. We propose a model by which the accumulation of GAGs and other factors may impact on innate immune signalling with particular focus on the Toll‐like receptor 4 pathway. Innate immunity appears to have a dominating role in mucopolysaccharidosis; however, furthering understanding of innate immune signalling would have significant impact on highlighting novel anti‐inflammatory therapeutics for use in mucopolysaccharide diseases. ![]()
This article is part of the Special Issue “Lysosomal Storage Disorders”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Parker
- Stem Cell and NeurotherapiesDivision of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative MedicineFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Brian W. Bigger
- Stem Cell and NeurotherapiesDivision of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative MedicineFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
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Artola M, Kuo CL, McMahon SA, Oehler V, Hansen T, van der Lienden M, He X, van den Elst H, Florea BI, Kermode AR, van der Marel GA, Gloster TM, Codée JDC, Overkleeft HS, Aerts JMFG. New Irreversible α-l-Iduronidase Inhibitors and Activity-Based Probes. Chemistry 2018; 24:19081-19088. [PMID: 30307091 PMCID: PMC6343074 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophellitol aziridines are potent irreversible inhibitors of retaining glycosidases and versatile intermediates in the synthesis of activity‐based glycosidase probes (ABPs). Direct 3‐amino‐2‐(trifluoromethyl)quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one‐mediated aziridination of l‐ido‐configured cyclohexene has enabled the synthesis of new covalent inhibitors and ABPs of α‐l‐iduronidase, deficiency of which underlies the lysosomal storage disorder mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I). The iduronidase ABPs react covalently and irreversibly in an activity‐based manner with human recombinant α‐l‐iduronidase (rIDUA, Aldurazyme®). The structures of IDUA when complexed with the inhibitors in a non‐covalent transition state mimicking form and a covalent enzyme‐bound form provide insights into its conformational itinerary. Inhibitors 1–3 adopt a half‐chair conformation in solution (4H3 and 3H4), as predicted by DFT calculations, which is different from the conformation of the Michaelis complex observed by crystallographic studies. Consequently, 1–3 may need to overcome an energy barrier in order to switch from the 4H3 conformation to the transition state (2, 5B) binding conformation before reacting and adopting a covalent 5S1 conformation. rIDUA can be labeled with fluorescent Cy5 ABP 2, which allows monitoring of the delivery of therapeutic recombinant enzyme to lysosomes, as is intended in enzyme replacement therapy for the treatment of MPS I patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Artola
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Chi-Lin Kuo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen A McMahon
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Verena Oehler
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Thomas Hansen
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn van der Lienden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Xu He
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Hans van den Elst
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bogdan I Florea
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Allison R Kermode
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Gijsbert A van der Marel
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tracey M Gloster
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Jeroen D C Codée
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Herman S Overkleeft
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes M F G Aerts
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Fraldi A, Serafini M, Sorrentino NC, Gentner B, Aiuti A, Bernardo ME. Gene therapy for mucopolysaccharidoses: in vivo and ex vivo approaches. Ital J Pediatr 2018; 44:130. [PMID: 30442177 PMCID: PMC6238250 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-018-0565-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of lysosomal storage disorders caused by a deficiency in lysosomal enzymes catalyzing the stepwise degradation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The current therapeutic strategies of enzyme replacement therapy and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation have been reported to reduce patient morbidity and to improve their quality of life, but they are associated with persistence of residual disease burden, in particular at the neurocognitive and musculoskeletal levels. This indicates the need for more efficacious treatments capable of effective and rapid enzyme delivery to the affected organs, especially the brain and the skeleton. Gene therapy (GT) strategies aimed at correcting the genetic defect in patient cells could represent a significant improvement for the treatment of MPS when compared with conventional approaches. While in-vivo GT strategies foresee the administration of viral vector particles directly to patients with the aim of providing normal complementary DNA to the affected cells, ex-vivo GT approaches are based on the ex-vivo transduction of patient cells that are subsequently infused back. This review provides insights into the state-of-art accomplishments made with in vivo and ex vivo GT-based approaches in MPS and provide a vision for the future in the medical community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Fraldi
- Telethon Institute of Genetic and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, Pozzuoli, Naples Italy
- Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, Naples, 80131 Italy
| | - Marta Serafini
- Department of Pediatrics, Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Bernhard Gentner
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Aiuti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20123 Milan, Italy
- Unit of Pediatric Immunohematology and Stem Cell Program, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20123 Milan, Italy
- Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Ester Bernardo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20123 Milan, Italy
- Unit of Pediatric Immunohematology and Stem Cell Program, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20123 Milan, Italy
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Brusius-Facchin AC, Rojas Malaga D, Leistner-Segal S, Giugliani R. Recent advances in molecular testing to improve early diagnosis in children with mucopolysaccharidoses. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2018; 18:855-866. [DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2018.1523722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Rojas Malaga
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program of Genetics and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sandra Leistner-Segal
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Science, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program of Genetics and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Science, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Substrate accumulation and extracellular matrix remodelling promote persistent upper airway disease in mucopolysaccharidosis patients on enzyme replacement therapy. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203216. [PMID: 30226843 PMCID: PMC6143186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mucopolysaccharide diseases are a group of lysosomal storage disorders caused by deficiencies of hydrolase enzymes, leading to pathological glycosaminoglycan accumulation. A number of mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) types are characterised by severe airway disease, the aetiology of which is poorly understood. There is ongoing evidence of significant clinical disease in the long-term despite disease modifying therapeutic strategies, including enzyme-replacement therapy (ERT). To provide a better understanding of this aspect of disease, we have characterised extracellular matrix (ECM) and inflammatory alterations in adenotonsillar tissue samples from 8 MPS patients. Methods Adenotonsillar samples from MPS I, IVA and VI ERT treated patients and from a single enzyme naïve MPS IIIA individual were compared to non-affected control samples using quantitative immunohistochemistry, qPCR and biochemical analysis. Results Significantly increased lysosomal compartment size and total sulphated glycosaminoglycan (p = 0.0007, 0.02) were identified in patient samples despite ERT. Heparan sulphate glycosaminoglycan was significantly elevated in MPS I and IIIA (p = 0.002), confirming incomplete reversal of disease. Collagen IV and laminin α-5 (p = 0.002, 0.0004) staining demonstrated increased ECM deposition within the reticular and capillary network of MPS samples. No significant change in the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α, IL-6 or TNF-α was seen compared to control. Conclusion This study suggests a role for ECM remodelling contributing to the obstructive phenotype of airway disease in MPS. Current therapeutic strategies with ERT fail to normalise these pathological alterations within adenotonsillar samples. Our findings lend novel insight into the pathological cascade of events, with primarily structural rather than inflammatory changes contributing to the continuing phenotype seen in patients despite current therapeutic regimes.
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De Pasquale V, Sarogni P, Pistorio V, Cerulo G, Paladino S, Pavone LM. Targeting Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Mucopolysaccharidoses. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2018; 10:8-16. [PMID: 29942826 PMCID: PMC6011039 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are inherited metabolic diseases caused by the deficiency of lysosomal enzymes needed to catabolize glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Four therapeutic options are currently considered: enzyme replacement therapy, substrate reduction therapy, gene therapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, while some of them exhibit limited clinical efficacy and require high costs, others are still in development. Therefore, alternative treatments for MPSs need to be explored. Here we describe an innovative therapeutic approach based on the use of a recombinant protein that is able to bind the excess of extracellular accumulated heparan sulfate (HS). We demonstrate that this protein is able to reduce lysosomal defects in primary fibroblasts from MPS I and MPS IIIB patients. We also show that, by masking the excess of extracellular accumulated HS in MPS fibroblasts, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signal transduction can be positively modulated. We, therefore, suggest the use of a competitive binding molecule for HS in MPSs as an alternative strategy to prevent the detrimental extracellular substrate storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria De Pasquale
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Sarogni
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Pistorio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana Cerulo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Paladino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Michele Pavone
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Monteiro VCL, Araújo de Oliveira Silva J, Oliveira RB, Frangipani BJ, Dearo PR, Previdelli ÁN, Martins AM, de Cássia Aquino R, D’Almeida V. Evaluation of food intake in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s41110-018-0066-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
Inborn errors of metabolism encompass a wide spectrum of disorders, frequently affecting bone. The most important metabolic disorders that primarily influence calcium or phosphate balance, resulting in skeletal pathology, are hypophosphatemic rickets and hypophosphatasia. Conditions involving bone marrow or affecting skeletal growth and development are mainly the lysosomal storage disorders, in particular the mucopolysaccharidoses. In these disorders skeletal abnormalities are often the presenting symptom and early recognition and intervention improves outcome in many of these diseases. Many disorders of intermediary metabolism may impact bone health as well, resulting in higher frequencies of osteopenia and osteoporosis. In these conditions factors contributing to the reduced bone mineralization can be the disorder itself, the strict dietary treatment, reduced physical activity or sunlight exposure and/or early ovarian failure. Awareness of these primary or secondary bone problems amongst physicians treating patients with inborn errors of metabolism is of importance for optimization bone health and recognition of skeletal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Langeveld
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - C E M Hollak
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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38
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Pierce OM, McNair GR, He X, Kajiura H, Fujiyama K, Kermode AR. N-glycan structures and downstream mannose-phosphorylation of plant recombinant human alpha-L-iduronidase: toward development of enzyme replacement therapy for mucopolysaccharidosis I. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 95:593-606. [PMID: 29119347 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0673-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis N-glycan processing mutants provide the basis for tailoring recombinant enzymes for use as replacement therapeutics to treat lysosomal storage diseases, including N-glycan mannose phosphorylation to ensure lysosomal trafficking and efficacy. Functional recombinant human alpha-L-iduronidase (IDUA; EC 3.2.1.76) enzymes were generated in seeds of the Arabidopsis thaliana complex-glycan-deficient (cgl) C5 background, which is deficient in the activity of N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase I, and in seeds of the Arabidopsis gm1 mutant, which lacks Golgi α-mannosidase I (GM1) activity. Both strategies effectively prevented N-glycan maturation and the resultant N-glycan structures on the consensus sites for N-glycosylation of the human enzyme revealed high-mannose N-glycans of predominantly Man5 (cgl-IDUA) or Man6-8 (gm1-IDUA) structures. Both forms of IDUA were equivalent with respect to their kinetic parameters characterized by cleavage of the artificial substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl-iduronide. Because recombinant lysosomal enzymes produced in plants require the addition of mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) in order to be suitable for lysosomal delivery in human cells, we characterized the two IDUA proteins for their amenability to downstream in vitro mannose phosphorylation mediated by a soluble form of the human phosphotransferase (UDP-GlcNAc: lysosomal enzyme N-acetylglucosamine [GlcNAc]-1-phosphotransferase). Gm1-IDUA exhibited a slight advantage over the cgl-IDUA in the in vitro M6P-tagging process, with respect to having a better affinity (i.e. lower K m) for the soluble phosphotransferase. This may be due to the greater number of mannose residues comprising the high-mannose N-glycans of gm1-IDUA. Our elite cgl- line produces IDUA at > 5.7% TSP (total soluble protein); screening of the gm1 lines showed a maximum yield of 1.5% TSP. Overall our findings demonstrate the relative advantages and disadvantages associated with the two platforms to create enzyme replacement therapeutics for lysosomal storage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen M Pierce
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Grant R McNair
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Xu He
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Hiroyuki Kajiura
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Osaka, 565, Japan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-hagashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Fujiyama
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Osaka, 565, Japan
| | - Allison R Kermode
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
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39
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Azario I, Pievani A, Del Priore F, Antolini L, Santi L, Corsi A, Cardinale L, Sawamoto K, Kubaski F, Gentner B, Bernardo ME, Valsecchi MG, Riminucci M, Tomatsu S, Aiuti A, Biondi A, Serafini M. Neonatal umbilical cord blood transplantation halts skeletal disease progression in the murine model of MPS-I. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9473. [PMID: 28842642 PMCID: PMC5573317 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09958-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a promising source of stem cells to use in early haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) approaches for several genetic diseases that can be diagnosed at birth. Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS-I) is a progressive multi-system disorder caused by deficiency of lysosomal enzyme α-L-iduronidase, and patients treated with allogeneic HSCT at the onset have improved outcome, suggesting to administer such therapy as early as possible. Given that the best characterized MPS-I murine model is an immunocompetent mouse, we here developed a transplantation system based on murine UCB. With the final aim of testing the therapeutic efficacy of UCB in MPS-I mice transplanted at birth, we first defined the features of murine UCB cells and demonstrated that they are capable of multi-lineage haematopoietic repopulation of myeloablated adult mice similarly to bone marrow cells. We then assessed the effectiveness of murine UCB cells transplantation in busulfan-conditioned newborn MPS-I mice. Twenty weeks after treatment, iduronidase activity was increased in visceral organs of MPS-I animals, glycosaminoglycans storage was reduced, and skeletal phenotype was ameliorated. This study explores a potential therapy for MPS-I at a very early stage in life and represents a novel model to test UCB-based transplantation approaches for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Azario
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Alice Pievani
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Federica Del Priore
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Laura Antolini
- Centro di Biostatistica per l'epidemiologia clinica, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Ludovica Santi
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corsi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Lucia Cardinale
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Kazuki Sawamoto
- Department of Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Francyne Kubaski
- Department of Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Bernhard Gentner
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Maria Ester Bernardo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Valsecchi
- Centro di Biostatistica per l'epidemiologia clinica, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Mara Riminucci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Shunji Tomatsu
- Department of Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Alessandro Aiuti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy.,Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Marta Serafini
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy.
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40
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Donida B, Jacques CED, Mescka CP, Rodrigues DGB, Marchetti DP, Ribas G, Giugliani R, Vargas CR. Oxidative damage and redox in Lysosomal Storage Disorders: Biochemical markers. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 466:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Viana GM, do Nascimento CC, Paredes-Gamero EJ, D'Almeida V. Altered Cellular Homeostasis in Murine MPS I Fibroblasts: Evidence of Cell-Specific Physiopathology. JIMD Rep 2017; 36:109-116. [PMID: 28220405 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2017_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I), a rare autosomal recessive disease, is caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme alfa-L-iduronidase. Impaired enzyme activity promotes glycosaminoglycans accumulation in several tissues and organs, leading to complex multisystemic complications. Several studies using animal models indicated different intracellular pathways involving MPS I physiopathology; however, the exact mechanisms underlying this syndrome are still not understood. Previous results from our group showed alterations in ionic homeostasis and cell viability of splenocytes and macrophages in Idua-/- mice. In the present study, we found altered intracellular ionic homeostasis in a different cell type (fibroblasts) from the same murine model. Idua-/- fibroblasts from 3-month-old mice presented higher cytoplasmatic and endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ concentration, lower levels of mitochondrial Ca2+ and mitochondrial membrane potential and higher cytoplasmatic pH when compared to Idua+/+ animals. Also, Idua-/- fibroblasts were more resistant to the apoptotic induction with staurosporine, indicating a possible resistance to apoptotic induction in those cells. In addition, despite the intracellular ionic imbalance, no significant alterations were found in apoptosis and autophagy in Idua-/- fibroblasts, which implies that the ionic alterations did not activate those pathways. The investigation of mechanisms underlying the cellular physiopathology of lysosomal diseases is crucial for a better understanding about the progression of these diseases. Since splenocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts have different embryonic origins and distinct structural and functional features, potentially altered signaling pathways found in a cell-specific manner in an alfa-L-iduronidase-deficient environment provide additional understanding of the clinical multisystemic presentation of this disease and provide new basis for improved therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Monteiro Viana
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 325, 3rd floor, São Paulo, 04024-002, Brazil. .,Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Edgar Julian Paredes-Gamero
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
| | - Vânia D'Almeida
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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42
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Fagan N, Alexander A, Irani N, Saade C, Naffaa L. Magnetic resonance imaging findings of central nervous system in lysosomal storage diseases: A pictorial review. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2016; 61:344-352. [PMID: 28019087 DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSD) are a complex group of genetic disorders that are a result of inborn errors of metabolism. These errors result in a variety of metabolic dysfunction and build-up certain molecules within the tissues of the central nervous system (CNS). Although, they have discrete enzymatic deficiencies, symptomology and CNS imaging findings can overlap with each other, which can become challenging to radiologists. The purpose of this paper is to review the most common CNS imaging findings in LSD in order to familiarize the radiologist with their imaging findings and help narrow down the differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Fagan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Aultman Hospital, Canton, Ohio, USA
| | - Alan Alexander
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Aultman Hospital, Canton, Ohio, USA
| | - Neville Irani
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Kansas, Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Charbel Saade
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, American University of Beirut, Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lena Naffaa
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, American University of Beirut, Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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43
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Intravitreal implantation of TPP1-transduced stem cells delays retinal degeneration in canine CLN2 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Exp Eye Res 2016; 152:77-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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44
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Reichert R, Campos LG, Vairo F, de Souza CFM, Pérez JA, Duarte JÁ, Leiria FA, Anés M, Vedolin LM. Neuroimaging Findings in Patients with Mucopolysaccharidosis: What You Really Need to Know. Radiographics 2016; 36:1448-62. [DOI: 10.1148/rg.2016150168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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45
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Silva LECTD, Barros AGCD, Cavalcanti LR, Castro CJD, Tavares RH, Souza RTD. RESULTS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT IN THE CRANIOCERVICAL JUNCTION IN MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS. COLUNA/COLUMNA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s1808-185120161501153519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluate the results after decompression and stabilization of craniocervical junction in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS). Method: Retrospective study of 10 patients with MPS through the analysis of medical records and additional tests. Result: All patients with mid-term and long-term follow-up achieved consolidation of the arthrodesis and 87.5% had neurological improvement of Nurick score. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and intervention in cases of stenosis and/or craniocervical instability of patients with MPS provide patients a good recovery of neurological function, despite the great technical difficulty and risk of complications.
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46
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Salazar DA, Rodríguez-López A, Herreño A, Barbosa H, Herrera J, Ardila A, Barreto GE, González J, Alméciga-Díaz CJ. Systems biology study of mucopolysaccharidosis using a human metabolic reconstruction network. Mol Genet Metab 2016; 117:129-39. [PMID: 26276570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is a group of lysosomal storage diseases (LSD), characterized by the deficiency of a lysosomal enzyme responsible for the degradation of glycosaminoglycans (GAG). This deficiency leads to the lysosomal accumulation of partially degraded GAG. Nevertheless, deficiency of a single lysosomal enzyme has been associated with impairment in other cell mechanism, such as apoptosis and redox balance. Although GAG analysis represents the main biomarker for MPS diagnosis, it has several limitations that can lead to a misdiagnosis, whereby the identification of new biomarkers represents an important issue for MPS. In this study, we used a system biology approach, through the use of a genome-scale human metabolic reconstruction to understand the effect of metabolism alterations in cell homeostasis and to identify potential new biomarkers in MPS. In-silico MPS models were generated by silencing of MPS-related enzymes, and were analyzed through a flux balance and variability analysis. We found that MPS models used approximately 2286 reactions to satisfy the objective function. Impaired reactions were mainly involved in cellular respiration, mitochondrial process, amino acid and lipid metabolism, and ion exchange. Metabolic changes were similar for MPS I and II, and MPS III A to C; while the remaining MPS showed unique metabolic profiles. Eight and thirteen potential high-confidence biomarkers were identified for MPS IVB and VII, respectively, which were associated with the secondary pathologic process of LSD. In vivo evaluation of predicted intermediate confidence biomarkers (β-hexosaminidase and β-glucoronidase) for MPS IVA and VI correlated with the in-silico prediction. These results show the potential of a computational human metabolic reconstruction to understand the molecular mechanisms this group of diseases, which can be used to identify new biomarkers for MPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Salazar
- Grupo Bioquímica Computacional y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Alexander Rodríguez-López
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia; Chemistry Department, School of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Angélica Herreño
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Hector Barbosa
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Juliana Herrera
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Andrea Ardila
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia; Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - George E Barreto
- Grupo Bioquímica Computacional y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Janneth González
- Grupo Bioquímica Computacional y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
| | - Carlos J Alméciga-Díaz
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
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47
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Clarke LA, Hollak CEM. The clinical spectrum and pathophysiology of skeletal complications in lysosomal storage disorders. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 29:219-35. [PMID: 25987175 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders affect multiple organs including the skeleton. Disorders with prominent skeletal symptoms are type 1 and 3 Gaucher disease, the mucopolysaccharidoses, the glycoproteinoses and pycnodysostosis. Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic radiographical evidence of bone pathology to overt bone crises (Gaucher), short stature with typical imaging features known as dysostosis multiplex (MPS), with spine and joint deformities (mucopolysaccharidoses, mucolipidosis), or osteopetrosis with pathological fractures (pynodysostosis). The pathophysiology of skeletal disease is only partially understood and involves direct substrate storage, inflammation and other complex alterations of cartilage and bone metabolism. Current treatments are enzyme replacement therapy, substrate reduction therapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, effects of these interventions on skeletal disease manifestations are less well established and outcomes are highly dependent on disease burden at treatment initiation. It is now clear that adjunctive treatments that target skeletal disease are needed and should be part of future research agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorne A Clarke
- Department of Medical Genetics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Carla E M Hollak
- Department of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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48
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Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Report Long-term follow-up of post hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for Hurler syndrome: clinical, biochemical, and pathological improvements. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2015; 2:65-76. [PMID: 25709894 PMCID: PMC4335359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I; Hurler Syndrome) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of the enzyme α-L-iduronidase which affects multiple organs such as central nervous system (CNS), skeletal system, and physical appearance. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is recommended as a primary therapeutic option at an early stage of MPS I with a severe form to ameliorate CNS involvement; however, no description of pathological improvement in skeletal dysplasia has been investigated to date. We here report a 15-year-old male case with MPS I post-HSCT. This patient received successful HSCT at the age of 2 years and 1 month, followed for over 10 years. His activity of daily living including cognitive performance has been kept normal and the present height and weight are 162 cm and 55 kg. Bone deformity has been still developed, resulting in hemiepiphysiodesis of bilateral medial proximal tibia at 12 years of age and successive arthrodesis of thoraco-lumbar spine at 13 years of age; however, skeletal histopathology from surgical remnants showed substantial improvement in bone lesion with markedly reduced occurrence and cell size of vacuolated cells. After a series of surgical procedures, he became ambulant and independent in daily activity. The levels of GAGs in blood were substantially reduced. In conclusion, this long-term post-HSCT observation should shed light on a new aspect of therapeutic effect associated with skeletal pathology and GAG levels as a biomarker, indicating that HSCT is a primary choice at an early stage for not only CNS but skeletal system in combination of appropriate surgical procedures.
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49
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Leone A, Rigante D, Amato DZ, Casale R, Pedone L, Magarelli N, Colosimo C. Spinal involvement in mucopolysaccharidoses: a review. Childs Nerv Syst 2015; 31:203-12. [PMID: 25358811 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-014-2578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) represent a group of inheritable lysosomal storage diseases caused by mutations in the genes coding for enzymes involved in catabolism of different glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). They are clinically heterogeneous multisystemic diseases, often involving the spine. Bony abnormalities of the spine included in the so-called dysostosis multiplex and GAG deposits in the dura mater and supporting ligaments can result in spinal cord compression, which can lead to compressive myelopathy. Spinal involvement is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in some MPS (e.g., MPS IVA, VI, and I), and early radiological diagnosis is critical in preventing or arresting neurological deterioration and loss of function. DISCUSSION Management of MPS, however, requires a multidisciplinary approach because of the multiorgan nature of the disease. Indeed in order to appreciate the relevance and nuances of each other's specialty, radiologists and clinicians need to have a background of common knowledge, rather than a merely compartmentalized point of view. In the interest of the management of spinal involvement in MPS, this review article aims on one hand to provide radiologists with important clinical knowledge and on the other hand to equip clinicians with relevant radiological semiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Leone
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Catholic University, School of Medicine, Largo A. Gemelli, 1-00168, Rome, Italy,
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50
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Pugliese G, Iacobini C, Pesce CM, Menini S. Galectin-3: an emerging all-out player in metabolic disorders and their complications. Glycobiology 2014; 25:136-50. [PMID: 25303959 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 has been increasingly recognized as an important modulator of several biological functions, by interacting with several molecules inside and outside the cell, and an emerging player in numerous disease conditions. Galectin-3 exerts various and sometimes contrasting effects according to its location, type of injury or site of damage. Strong evidence indicates that galectin-3 participates in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications via its receptor function for advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and advanced lipoxidation end-products (ALEs). AGEs/ALEs are produced to an increased extent in target organs of complications, such as kidney and vessels; here, lack of galectin-3 impairs their removal, leading to accelerated damage. In contrast, in the liver, AGE/ALE tissue content and injury are decreased, because lack of galectin-3 results in reduced uptake and tissue accumulation of these by-products. Some of these effects can be explained by changes in the expression of receptor for AGEs (RAGE), associated with galectin-3 deletion and consequent changes in AGE/ALE tissue levels. Furthermore, galectin-3 might exert AGE/ALE- and RAGE-independent effects, favoring resolution of inflammation and modulating fibrogenesis and ectopic osteogenesis. These effects are mediated by intracellular and extracellular galectin-3, the latter via interaction with N-glycans at the cell surface to form lattice structures. Recently, galectin-3 has been implicated in the development of metabolic disorders because it favors glucose homeostasis and prevents the deleterious activation of adaptive and innate immune response to obesogenic/diabetogenic stimuli. In conclusion, galectin-3 is an emerging all-out player in metabolic disorders and their complications that deserves further investigation as the potential target of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pugliese
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, Rome 00189, Italy
| | - Carla Iacobini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, Rome 00189, Italy
| | - Carlo M Pesce
- DINOGMI, University of Genoa Medical School, Genoa 16132, Italy
| | - Stefano Menini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, Rome 00189, Italy
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