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Melesse A, Steingass H, Holstein J, Titze N, Rodehutscord M. Assessing the combination efficiency of some unconventional feed resources with concentrates and Chloris gayana grass in mitigating ruminal methane production in vitro. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024. [PMID: 38958273 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.14015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
In a preliminary in vitro study, leaves of Acacia nilotica, Prosopis juliflora, Cajanus cajan, Leucaena leucocephala and seed kernel of Mangifera indica were identified as potential candidates in mitigating ruminal methane (CH4) production. The objective of the current study was to investigate the combination efficiency of these unconventional feeds with concentrate mix (CM) or Chloris gayana grass in CH4 reduction. Two feed combinations in different proportions were incubated in vitro with buffered rumen fluid at Hohenheim Gas test. In combination 1, C. gayana and CM were included as basal substrates, while in combination 2, A. nilotica, P. juliflora, C. cajan, L. leucocephala or M. indica seed kernel were included as CH4 reducing supplements at different proportions. The CH4 reducing potentials of feed combinations were presented as the ratio of CH4 to net gas production and expressed as percentage (pCH4). The pCH4 for CM and C. gayana was 16.7% and 16.9%, respectively, while it ranged from 3.18% in A. nilotica to 13.1% in C. cajan. The pCH4 was reduced (p < 0.05) from 14.6% to 9.39% when A. nilotica was combined with CM. In combination of L. leucocephala or C. cajan with CM, the pCH4 (p < 0.05) was reduced from 16.5% and 16.6% with the lowest proportion to 15.1% and 15.2% with the highest inclusion rate respectively. The combination of C. gayana with L. leucocephala or C. cajan reduced (p < 0.05) the pCH4 from 16.3% and 16.4% to 15.1% and 14.9% respectively. The pCH4 was reduced (p < 0.05) from 13.4% to 7.60% when A. nilotica was combined with C. gayana. Estimated digestible organic matter (dOM) and metabolizable energy (ME) increased (p < 0.05) with increasing proportions of M. indica seed kernel with CM or C. gayana. In conclusion, the combination of the basal substrates with unconventional supplements resulted in CH4 reduction without affecting the dOM and ME at lower inclusion rates. Animal-based experiments await to validate in vitro findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aberra Melesse
- School of Animal and Range Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Herbert Steingass
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julia Holstein
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Natascha Titze
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Tatlı Seven P, Yıldırım EN, Seven İ, Kaya CA, İflazoğlu Mutlu S. An evaluation of the effectiveness of sumac and molasses as additives for alfalfa silage: Influence on nutrient composition, in vitro degradability and fermentation quality. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:1096-1106. [PMID: 38563274 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of sumac and molasses on nutrient composition, in vitro degradability and fermentation quality of alfalfa silage. Alfalfa was ensiled in quadruplicate in vacuum jars untreated group (A) or after the following treatments: sumac group at 10% (AS), molasses group at 5% (AM), and sumac (10%) and molasses (5%) group (ASM). Silos (n = 64) were stored for 0, 21, 45 or 60 days. The results showed that dry matter (DM) contents of the AS, AM and ASM groups were statistically higher than the control group (p < 0.001). Only on the 21st day of fermentation the crude ash content of the AS group was found to be significantly higher than the other groups (p < 0.05). In vitro, DM and organic matter degradation values of the AMS group increased significantly (p < 0.001). A significant decrease in alfalfa silage's pH values was determined with sumac and molasses additives (p < 0.001). The ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) values of the control, AS, AM and ASM groups at Day 60 were determined as 9.08%, 7.22%, 7.00% and 6.81% respectively (p < 0.05). The water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) values of all groups on the 60th day were significantly decreased compared to the 0th day (p < 0.001). When the groups were evaluated within themselves, there was a statistically significant difference between the 0th and 60th day lactic acid values. The acetic acid content of the A group on the 60th day was found to be significantly higher than the other groups (p < 0.01). There was a significant decrease in propionic acid levels on Days 21, 45 and 60 compared to Day 0 of fermentation (p < 0.001). The highest butyric acid (BA) level was determined in the A group on the 21st, 45th and 60th days of fermentation (p < 0.05). In conclusion, sumac prevents proteolysis depending on its tannin content. It improves silage fermentation positively thanks to its organic acid content, while the molasses additive is effective in silage fermentation, mainly depending on the WSC level. However, it was determined that neither additive could reduce the silage pH to the appropriate value ranges due to the low doses, and they could not mainly prevent the formation of BA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Tatlı Seven
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Türkiye
| | - Esra Nur Yıldırım
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Türkiye
| | - İsmail Seven
- Department of Plant and Animal Production, Vocational School of Sivrice, Firat University, Elazig, Türkiye
| | - Can Ayhan Kaya
- Department of Livestock and Crop Production, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Türkiye
| | - Seda İflazoğlu Mutlu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Türkiye
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Li Z, Qiu H, Lan X, Wang Z, Shen W, Wan F, Xiao D, He J. Appropriate particle size of rice straw promoted rumen fermentation and regulated bacterial microbiota in a rumen simulation technique system. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1185191. [PMID: 37377951 PMCID: PMC10291129 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1185191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to reveal the effects of different particle sizes of rice straw on the rumen protozoa count, nutrient disappearance rate, rumen fermentation, and microbial community in a rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) system. In this experiment, a single-factor random trial design was adopted. According to the different particle sizes of rice straw, there were three treatments with three replies in each treatment. Three kinds of goat total mixed ration (TMR), with the same nutrients were used to carry out a 10 days in vitro fermentation experiment using the rumen simulation system developed by Hunan Agricultural University, including 6 days the pretrial period and 4 days formal period. This study found that the organic matter disappearance rate, concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (VFAs), acetate, propionate, and iso-butyrate were greatest in the 4 mm group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the alpha diversity, among the three groups (p > 0.05). The relative abundance of Treponema and Ruminococcus of the 2 mm group increased; the relative abundance of Butyrivibrio and Prevotella in samples increased in the 4 mm group. In addition, the results of correlation analysis showed that Prevotella and Ruminococcus was positively correlated with butyrate, ammonia-N, dOM and d ADF (p < 0.05) and negatively correlated with valerate (p < 0.05); Oscillospira was positively correlated with valerate (p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with propionate, butyrate, ammonia-N, dOM and dADF (p < 0.05). The present results imply that compared to the other groups, rice straw particle size of 4 mm may improve the disappearance rate of nutrients and promote the production of volatile fatty acids by regulating ruminal microorganisms.
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Siegert W, Kuenz S, Windisch W, Rodehutscord M. Amino acid digestibility and metabolizable energy of soybean meal of different origins in cecectomized laying hens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102580. [PMID: 36913760 PMCID: PMC10024217 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the variation in amino acid (AA) digestibility and MEn of 18 samples of solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM; 6 European, 7 Brazilian, 2 Argentinian, 2 North American, 1 Indian) in cecectomized laying hens. The experimental diets contained either 300 g/kg of cornstarch or one of the SBM samples. Pelleted diets were fed to 10 hens in two 5 × 10 row-column designs so that 5 replicates were obtained from each diet during 5 periods. A regression approach and the difference method were used to determine AA digestibility and MEn, respectively. The variation in the digestibility of SBM differed among AA with ranges in digestibility of 6 to 12%-units for most AA. Among the first-limiting AA, the digestibility was 87 to 93%, 63 to 86%, 85 to 92%, 79 to 89%, and 84 to 95% for Met, Cys, Lys, Thr, and Val, respectively. The range of MEn for the SBM samples was 7.5 to 10.5 MJ/kg DM. Indicators of SBM quality (including trypsin inhibitor activity, KOH solubility, urease activity, and in vitro N solubility) and analyzed SBM constituents were significantly correlated (P ≤ 0.05) with AA digestibility or MEn only in a few cases. No differences were observed in AA digestibility and MEn between countries of origins, except low digestibility of some AA and MEn for the 2 Argentinian SBM samples. These results suggest that the precision of feed formulation benefits from considering the variations in AA digestibility and MEn. Often used indicators for SBM quality and analyzed constituents were not suitable to explain variations in AA digestibility and MEn, suggesting that AA digestibility and MEn are determined by other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Siegert
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S Kuenz
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - W Windisch
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - M Rodehutscord
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Pena-Bermudez YA, Vincenzi R, Meo-Filho P, Sakamoto LS, Lobo R, Benetel G, Lobo A, Matos C, Benetel V, Lima CG, Berndt A, Cardenas LM, Bueno ICS. Effect of Yerba Mate Extract as Feed Additive on Ruminal Fermentation and Methane Emissions in Beef Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2997. [PMID: 36359122 PMCID: PMC9658154 DOI: 10.3390/ani12212997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The inclusion of plant extracts that contain secondary compounds with the potential to modulate rumen fermentation and improve animal performance has gained attention in recent years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of yerba mate extract (Ilex paraguariensis ST. Hilaire) (YME) on the ruminal parameters. Eight castrated cattle were divided into four groups, a control without YME (0%) and three treatment groups with 0.5, 1 and 2% inclusion of YME in the dry matter. The inclusion of YME did not show differences in ruminal methane emissions (CH4), and total apparent digestibility (p = 0.54). Likewise, YME did not modify ruminal pH, but positively affected NH3-N, which decreased linearly as the extract level in the diet increased (p = 0.01). No short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were influenced by YME, except isovaleric acid (p = 0.01), which showed a lower concentration in the inclusion of 2% YME. Our results show that up to 2% YME does not affect digestibility, ruminal fermentation parameters, or the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the rumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli A. Pena-Bermudez
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Vincenzi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Meo-Filho
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
- Net Zero and Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research–North Wyke. North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, UK
| | | | - Richard Lobo
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 2250 Shealy Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Gabriela Benetel
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Annelise Lobo
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Carol Matos
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei Benetel
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Cesar G. Lima
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Berndt
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Embrapa–Southeast Livestock, São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Laura M. Cardenas
- Net Zero and Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research–North Wyke. North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, UK
| | - Ives C. S. Bueno
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
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Opportunities and limitations of a standardisation of the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) for analyses of ruminal nutrient degradation and fermentation and on microbial community characteristics. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Comparing the Effects of a Pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) Bark Extract with a Quebracho (Schinopsis balansae Engl.) Extract on Methane Production and In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Parameters. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091080. [PMID: 35565507 PMCID: PMC9100322 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) bark extract (PBE) with a quebracho (Schinopsis balansae Engl.) extract (QTE) on methane (CH4) production and in vitro rumen fermentation parameters. A forage diet supplemented with PBE or QTE (0, 2 and 4% dry matter (DM) basis) was incubated for 24 h to determine in vitro DM disappearance (IVDMD), CH4, volatile fatty acids (VFA), and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) production. Differences were analyzed using Tukey’s test, orthogonal contrasts, hierarchical clustering heatmap (HCH), and principal component analysis (PCA). Both extracts (4% DM) decreased butyrate (Bu; p = 0.001), CH4 (p = 0.005), total VFA (p < 0.001), and NH3-N (p = 0.006) production and increased acetate (Ac; p = 0.003) without affecting the partitioning factor (p = 0.095). Propionate (Pr; p = 0.016) was increased, whereas IVDMD (p = 0.041) was decreased with QTE (4% DM). The inclusion of QTE (2% DM) decreased CH4 production (p = 0.005) and the (Ac + Bu)/Pr ratio (p = 0.003), whereas PBE (2% DM) decreased the NH3-N (p = 0.006) and total VFA production (p < 0.001). The HCH and PCA indicate a negative correlation (r = −0.93; p < 0.001) between CH4 production and tannins. In conclusion, PBE shares many of the effects generated by QTE on ruminal fermentation, although the magnitude of these effects depends on concentration. The PBE could be used as an additive in ruminant diets to reduce CH4 and NH3-N production without reducing IVDMD or increasing propionate, but further in vivo studies are required to clarify its effects on animal production.
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Siegert W, Ibrahim A, Link W, Lux G, Schmidtke K, Hartung J, Nautscher N, Rodehutscord M. Amino acid digestibility and metabolisable energy of spring and winter faba beans grown on two sites and effects of dehulling in caecectomised laying hens. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:920-930. [PMID: 34235756 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The variation in amino acid (AA) digestibility and metabolisable energy (MEN ) in four spring and four winter faba bean genotypes differing in vicine/convicine (V/C) concentrations grown on two sites was investigated in caecectomised LSL-Classic laying hens. Effects of dehulling one faba bean genotype were also examined. Diets containing one out of 17 faba bean variants each and a basal diet were fed to ten caecectomised laying hens in a row-column design to achieve five replicates per diet. RESULTS Ranges and levels of digestibility of the hulled variants differed widely among AA with the lowest and highest range determined for Arg (90-93%) and Cys (-12-65%), respectively. MEN ranged between 10.3 and 12.3 MJ kg-1 dry matter. Lower MEN and digestibility of Cys, Glx, Phe, Pro, Tyr, and Val (P < 0.050) was determined for the winter genotypes grown in Nimtitz compared to the other variants. Digestibility of Ser was lower for the spring than for the winter genotypes (P < 0.050). Negative correlations with AA digestibility were determined for phytate, but not for tannin and V/C concentrations (P < 0.050). Negative correlations between tannin fractions and MEN were weak (P = 0.082-0.099). Dehulling increased MEN by 1.8 MJ kg-1 dry matter and raised the digestibility of Pro, His, and Glx (P < 0.050). CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that the digestible AA and MEN supply of laying hens was increased by using low phytate faba beans while breeding for low V/C genotypes did not affect AA digestibility or MEN . Dehulling increased MEN and the digestibility of some AA. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Siegert
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ahmad Ibrahim
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Link
- Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Guido Lux
- Faculty of Environment, Agriculture, Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Knut Schmidtke
- Faculty of Environment, Agriculture, Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Hartung
- Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nadine Nautscher
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Özparpucu M, Sánchez‐Ferrer A, Schuh M, Wilhelm B, Sarkar R, Reif B, Windeisen‐Holzhauser E, Richter K. Acidic wood extractives accelerate the curing process of emulsion polymer isocyanate adhesives. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Merve Özparpucu
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Chair of Wood Science Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Antoni Sánchez‐Ferrer
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Chair of Wood Science Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Mathias Schuh
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Chair of Wood Science Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Bianca Wilhelm
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Chair of Wood Science Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Riddhiman Sarkar
- Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt Helmholtz‐Zentrum München (HMGU) Neuherberg Germany
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Munich, Bayerisches NMR Zentrum (BNMRZ) Garching Germany
| | - Bernd Reif
- Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt Helmholtz‐Zentrum München (HMGU) Neuherberg Germany
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Munich, Bayerisches NMR Zentrum (BNMRZ) Garching Germany
| | | | - Klaus Richter
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Chair of Wood Science Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
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Effects of dietary grapeseed extract on performance, energy and nitrogen balance as well as methane and nitrogen losses of lambs and goat kids. Br J Nutr 2020; 125:26-37. [PMID: 32660689 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520002512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The influence of phenol-rich dietary grapeseed extract on performance, energy and N balance and methane production was determined in sixteen lambs and thirteen goat kids (body weight 20·5 and 19·0 kg, 2 months of age, day 1 of study). Half of the animals received a concentrate containing grapeseed extract, and the others received concentrate without grapeseed extract (total extractable phenols analysed 27 v. 9 g/kg dietary DM; concentrate and hay 1:1). Diets were fed for 7 weeks with 1 week for determining intake, excretion and gaseous exchange in metabolism crates and respiration chambers. Overall, there was an adverse effect of the phenolic diet on apparent N digestibility and body N retention. Faecal N loss as proportion of N intake increased while urinary N loss declined. Relative to N intake, total N excretion was higher and body N retention lower in goat kids than lambs. Diets and animal species had no effect on methane emissions. The saliva of the goat kids had a higher binding capacity for condensed tannins (CT). Goat kids on the phenolic diet had higher CT concentrations in faeces and excreted more CT compared with the lambs (interaction species × diet P < 0·001). The lambs had overall higher (P < 0·001) urinary phenol concentrations than the goat kids (2·19 v. 1·48 g/l). The negative effect on body N retention and lack of effect on methane emissions make the use of the extract in the dosage applied not appealing. Species differences need to be considered in future studies.
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Kapp-Bitter A, Dickhoefer U, Suglo E, Baumgartner L, Kreuzer M, Leiber F. Graded supplementation of chestnut tannins to dairy cows fed protein-rich spring pasture: effects on indicators of protein utilization. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/121053/2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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The Potential Effect of Dietary Tannins on Enteric Methane Emission and Ruminant Production, as an Alternative to Antibiotic Feed Additives – A Review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2020-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Antibiotic growth promoters in livestock nutrition cause microbial resistance which produces threats to human health. Therefore, tannins have been considered as natural alternative antibiotic feed additives which possess various biological properties including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory. Additionally, these plants also have antiparasitic and anti-bloat characteristics which contribute to inhibit the enteric methane emission in order to improve nutrient digestibility, milk and meat quality, fatty acids composition and ruminant production. Antibiotic growth promoters have been practiced in animals feeding to increase feed intake, growth rate, weight gain as well as reduce metabolic disorders and energy losses in the rumen. In 2006, the European Union banned the usage of antibiotic growth promoters in the feeding of livestock. This antibiotic resistance issue has increased demand to explore the natural feed additives that might be useful for animal production system. Consequently, natural forages have been categorized as potential feed additives in animal production since it improves nutritive value, protein digestibility, increase amino acid absorption and growth rate. But, some plant materials are usually rich in tannins known as anti-nutritional factors. Therefore, the application of tannin-rich plants in ruminant nutrition needs great precaution due to its possible injurious effects (dose dependent) on animal health such as metabolic disorders. Hence, there is need to give attention to the usage of tannins in ruminant nutrition as an alternative to antibiotics feed additives to investigate its effects on enteric methane emissions and ruminants production. In addition, safety and risk associated with tannins feeding have also been briefly discussed.
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Vera N, Gutiérrez C, Allende R, Williams P, Fuentealba C, Ávila-Stagno J. Dose–response effect of a pine bark extract on in vitro ruminal ammonia and methane formation kinetics. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2019.1694575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Vera
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - C. Gutiérrez
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - R. Allende
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - P. Williams
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - C. Fuentealba
- Technological Development Unit, Universidad de Concepción, Coronel, Chile
| | - J. Ávila-Stagno
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
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Albores-Moreno S, Alayón-Gamboa JA, Miranda-Romero LA, Alarcón-Zúñiga B, Jiménez-Ferrer G, Ku-Vera JC, Piñeiro-Vázquez AT. Effect of tree foliage supplementation of tropical grass diet on in vitro digestibility and fermentation, microbial biomass synthesis and enteric methane production in ruminants. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:893-904. [PMID: 30554366 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1772-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of tree foliage species supplemented in ruminant diets based on Pennisetum purpureum on the in vitro digestibility and fermentation, microbial biomass synthesis and enteric methane production. Seven experimental diets were evaluated, including a control treatment based on P. purpureum (PT) grass, and six additional treatments supplemented with 30.0% foliage from Neomillspaughia emargiata (NE), Tabernaemontana amygdalifolia (TA), Caesalpinia gaumeri (CG), Piscidia piscipula (PP), Leucaena leucocephala (LL) and Havardia albicans (HA). A randomised complete block design repeated in two periods (block) was used. The highest gas production (P < 0.05) was recorded in treatments TA and PT (237 and 228 mL g-1, respectively). The highest in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDMD) and organic matter (IVOMD) (P < 0.05) was recorded in the control treatment PT (57.9% and 66.1%, respectively). Treatments LL, NE, TA and PP promoted greater microbial biomass synthesis (290, 223, 220 and 213 mg g-1, respectively) (P < 0.05). The proportion of propionic acid also increased in these latter treatments and in treatments CG and HA (P < 0.05). Additionally, treatments LL, PP, NE and TA decreased methane production (25.8, 29.5, 30.6 and 31.8 L kg-1 of digested dry matter, respectively). In conclusion, supplementation with L. leucocephala, P. piscipula, N. emargiata and T. amygdalifolia in ruminant diets based on P. purpureum is one feed alternative that can promote greater efficiency and synthesis of microbial biomass, increase the proportions of propionic and butyric acid and decrease the production of enteric methane by 15.6 to 31.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Albores-Moreno
- Southern Frontier College, Avenida Rancho, Polígono 2-A, Ciudad Industrial, Lerma, 24500, Campeche, Mexico
| | - J A Alayón-Gamboa
- Southern Frontier College, Avenida Rancho, Polígono 2-A, Ciudad Industrial, Lerma, 24500, Campeche, Mexico.
| | - L A Miranda-Romero
- Graduate Department of Animal Production, Autonomous University of Chapingo, Km. 38.5 Carretera Mexico-Texcoco, 56230, Chapingo, Mexico
| | - B Alarcón-Zúñiga
- Graduate Department of Animal Production, Autonomous University of Chapingo, Km. 38.5 Carretera Mexico-Texcoco, 56230, Chapingo, Mexico
| | - G Jiménez-Ferrer
- Southern Frontier College, Avenida Rancho, Polígono 2-A, Ciudad Industrial, Lerma, 24500, Campeche, Mexico
| | - J C Ku-Vera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Autonomous University of Yucatan, 97300, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - A T Piñeiro-Vázquez
- Technological Institute of Conkal, Division of Graduate Studies and Research, Avenida Tecnológico s/n, 97345, Conkal, Yucatan, Mexico
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Manipulation of Rumen Fermentation and Methane Gas Production by Plant Secondary Metabolites (Saponin, Tannin and Essential Oil) – A Review of Ten-Year Studies. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2018-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A wide range of plant secondary metabolites (PSM) have been shown to have the potential to modulate the fermentation process in the rumen. The use of plants and plant extracts as natural feed additives has become an interesting topic not only among nutritionists but also other scientists. Although a large number of phytochemicals (e.g. saponins, tannins and essential oils) have recently been investigated for their methane (CH4) reduction potential, there have not yet been major breakthroughs that could be applied in practice. However, the effectiveness of these PSM depends on the source, type and the level of their presence in plant products. The aim of the present review was to assess ruminal CH4 emission through a comparison of integrating related studies from published papers, which described various levels of different PSM sources being added to ruminant feed. Apart from CH4, other related rumen fermentation parameters were also included in this review.
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Sinz S, Marquardt S, Soliva CR, Braun U, Liesegang A, Kreuzer M. Phenolic plant extracts are additive in their effects against in vitro ruminal methane and ammonia formation. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 32:966-976. [PMID: 30744370 PMCID: PMC6601065 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective The methane mitigating potential of various plant-based polyphenol sources is known, but effects of combinations have rarely been tested. The aim of the present study was to determine whether binary and 3-way combinations of such phenol sources affect ruminal fermentation less, similar or more intensively than separate applications. Methods The extracts used were from Acacia mearnsii bark (acacia), Vitis vinifera (grape) seed, Camellia sinensis leaves (green tea), Uncaria gambir leaves (gambier), Vaccinium macrocarpon berries (cranberry), Fagopyrum esculentum seed (buckwheat), and Ginkgo biloba leaves (ginkgo). All extracts were tested using the Hohenheim gas test. This was done alone at 5% of dry matter (DM). Acacia was also combined with all other single extracts at 5% of DM each, and with two other phenol sources (all possible combinations) at 2.5%+2.5% of DM. Results Methane formation was reduced by 7% to 9% by acacia, grape seed and green tea and, in addition, by most extract combinations with acacia. Grape seed and green tea alone and in combination with acacia also reduced methane proportion of total gas to the same degree. The extracts of buckwheat and gingko were poor in phenols and promoted ruminal fermentation. All treatments except green tea alone lowered ammonia concentration by up to 23%, and the binary combinations were more effective as acacia alone. With three extracts, linear effects were found with total gas and methane formation, while with ammonia and other traits linear effects were rare. Conclusion The study identified methane and ammonia mitigating potential of various phenolic plant extracts and showed a number of additive and some non-linear effects of combinations of extracts. Further studies, especially in live animals, should concentrate on combinations of extracts from grape seed, green tea leaves Land acacia bark and determine the ideal dosages of such combinations for the purpose of methane mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Sinz
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Svenja Marquardt
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Carla R Soliva
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Ueli Braun
- Department of Farm Animals, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Annette Liesegang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kreuzer
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
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Amanzougarene Z, Yuste S, Fondevila M. Addition of several tannin extracts to modulate fermentation of barley meal under intensive ruminant feeding conditions simulated in vitro by incubating at pH 6.0–6.2. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an17741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The potential use of tannin extracts from quebracho (QCT), grape (GCT), chestnut (CHT) and oak (OHT) included at 10, 20 or 30 mg/g to modulate rumen fermentation of concentrates was studied in three 24-h in vitro incubation runs, with barley grain as reference substrate and simulating high concentrate feeding conditions by adjusting pH at 6.2. Incubation pH at 8 and 24 h ranged from 6.14 to 6.18 and from 5.94 to 6.00, respectively. Gas production from barley alone (CTL) was linearly reduced with CHT (P < 0.05 up to 6 h; P < 0.10 from 8 to 18 h), OHT (P < 0.05 up to 12 h; P < 0.10 from 18 h), GCT (P < 0.05 from 2 to 24 h) and QCT (P < 0.10 up to 6 h), but a quadratic trend (P < 0.10) was also detected on GCT. The effect of GCT was highest and that of CHT lowest. Similarly, dry matter disappearance after 24 h showed a linear decrease with all tannin sources (P < 0.05), being lower with GCT than with QCT and CHT (P < 0.05). All tannin sources linearly increased (P < 0.05) molar butyrate proportion from CTL, at the expense of propionate proportion in GCT (P < 0.01) and CHT (P < 0.10). Except for the linear effect of chestnut on barley fermentation, all sources already reached their maximum level of response at their first level of inclusion (10 mg/g), especially with GCT. Qualitatively, tannins did not largely affect pH or other environmental parameters, except for an increase in butyrate proportion.
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Witzig M, Lengowski MB, Zuber KH, Möhring J, Rodehutscord M. Effects of supplementing corn silage with different nitrogen sources on ruminal fermentation and microbial populations in vitro. Anaerobe 2018; 51:99-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Witzig M, Zeder M, Rodehutscord M. Effect of the ionophore monensin and tannin extracts supplemented to grass silage on populations of ruminal cellulolytics and methanogens in vitro. Anaerobe 2018; 50:44-54. [PMID: 29408017 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether the methane-decreasing effect of monensin (∼21%) and different hydrolysable tannins (24%-65%) during in vitro fermentation of grass silage was accompanied by changes in abundances of cellulolytics and methanogens. Samples of liquid (LAM) and solid (SAM) associated microbes were obtained from two rumen simulation technique experiments in which grass silage was either tested in combination with monensin (0, 2 or 4 mg d-1) or with different tannin extracts from chestnut, valonea, sumac and grape seed (0 or 1.5 g d-1). Total prokaryotes were quantified by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindol (DAPI) staining of paraformaldehyde-ethanol-fixed cells and relative abundances of ruminal cellulolytic and methanogenic species were assessed by real time quantitative PCR. Results revealed no change in absolute numbers of prokaryotic cells with monensin treatment, neither in LAM nor in SAM. By contrast, supplementation of chestnut and grape seed tannins decreased total prokaryotic counts compared to control. However, relative abundances of total methanogens did not differ between tannin treatments. Thus, the decreased methane production by 65% and 24% observed for chestnut and grape seed tannins, respectively, may have been caused by a lower total number of methanogens, but methane production seemed to be also dependent on changes in the microbial community composition. While the relative abundance of F. succinogenes decreased with monensin addition, chestnut and valonea tannins inhibited R. albus. Moreover, a decline in relative abundances of Methanobrevibacter sp., especially M. ruminantium, and Methanosphaera stadtmanae was shown with supplementation of monensin or chestnut tannins. Proportions of Methanomicrobium mobile were decreased by monensin in LAM while chestnut and valonea had an increasing effect on this methanogenic species. Our results demonstrate a different impact of monensin and tannins on ruminal cellulolytics and gave indication that methane decrease by monensin and chestnut tannins was associated with decreased abundances of M. ruminantium and M. stadtmanae.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Witzig
- Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Nutztierwissenschaften, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - M Zeder
- Technobiology GmbH, 6033 Buchrain, Switzerland
| | - M Rodehutscord
- Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Nutztierwissenschaften, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
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Aiman-Zakaria A, Yong-Meng G, Ali-Rajion M, Jafari S, Faseleh-Jahromi M, Shokriyazdan P, Ebrahimi M. The influence of plant polyphenols from oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) leaf extract on fermentation characteristics, biohydrogenation of C18 PUFA, and microbial populations in rumen of goats: in vitro study. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2017.1418017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Aiman-Zakaria
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - G. Yong-Meng
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M. Ali-Rajion
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S. Jafari
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Faseleh-Jahromi
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Agriculture Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), East and North-East Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - P. Shokriyazdan
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Agriculture Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), East and North-East Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - M. Ebrahimi
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Plant Sciences & Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Chedea VS, Pelmus RS, Lazar C, Pistol GC, Calin LG, Toma SM, Dragomir C, Taranu I. Effects of a diet containing dried grape pomace on blood metabolites and milk composition of dairy cows. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:2516-2523. [PMID: 27711962 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of a diet containing 15% grape pomace (GP) on the general health status and milk quality of dairy cows was assessed by plasma biochemistry and total polyphenol (TP) content, milk polyphenols, milk composition and milk protein fractions. RESULTS Among the polyphenols measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy in GP, in feed containing GP (GP+) or not containing GP (GP-), gallic acid and epicatechin were present in the highest concentrations (67.58 and 19.23 µg mL-1 , respectively). Higher amounts of TP were also detected in the blood plasma of GP+ cows (114.06 and 83.93 mg GAE L-1 , respectively) but not in their milk (233.17 and 245.75 mg GAE L-1 , respectively). Also a significant increase was found for lactose and β-lactoglobulin, although there was no effect on α-lactalbumin, albumin, secretory components and caseins. CONCLUSION Inclusion of 15% GP in the diets of dairy cows is beneficial for overall normal blood constituent metabolism and helps to maintain cow health. The milk of cows fed with a GP diet preserves the normal levels of fat, protein and caseins, and has increased levels of components that make this milk a versatile ingredient material for the food industry (e.g. model whey powders, stability of lactose-rich powders). © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Sanda Chedea
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Baloteşti (INCDBNA-IBNA), Calea Bucuresti nr. 1, Balotesti, Ilfov, 077015, Romania
| | - Rodica Stefania Pelmus
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Baloteşti (INCDBNA-IBNA), Calea Bucuresti nr. 1, Balotesti, Ilfov, 077015, Romania
| | - Cristina Lazar
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Baloteşti (INCDBNA-IBNA), Calea Bucuresti nr. 1, Balotesti, Ilfov, 077015, Romania
| | - Gina Cecilia Pistol
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Baloteşti (INCDBNA-IBNA), Calea Bucuresti nr. 1, Balotesti, Ilfov, 077015, Romania
| | - Loredana Georgeta Calin
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Baloteşti (INCDBNA-IBNA), Calea Bucuresti nr. 1, Balotesti, Ilfov, 077015, Romania
| | - Smaranda Mariana Toma
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Baloteşti (INCDBNA-IBNA), Calea Bucuresti nr. 1, Balotesti, Ilfov, 077015, Romania
| | - Catalin Dragomir
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Baloteşti (INCDBNA-IBNA), Calea Bucuresti nr. 1, Balotesti, Ilfov, 077015, Romania
| | - Ionelia Taranu
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Baloteşti (INCDBNA-IBNA), Calea Bucuresti nr. 1, Balotesti, Ilfov, 077015, Romania
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22
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Jafari S, Goh YM, Rajion MA, Jahromi MF, Ahmad YH, Ebrahimi M. Papaya (Carica papaya) leaf methanolic extract modulates in vitro rumen methanogenesis and rumen biohydrogenation. Anim Sci J 2016; 88:267-276. [PMID: 27345820 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Papaya leaf methanolic extract (PLE) at concentrations of 0 (CON), 5 (LLE), 10 (MLE) and 15 (HLE) mg/250 mg dry matter (DM) with 30 mL buffered rumen fluid were incubated for 24 h to identify its effect on in vitro ruminal methanogenesis and ruminal biohydrogenation (BH). Total gas production was not affected (P > 0.05) by addition of PLE compared to the CON at 24 h of incubation. Methane (CH4 ) production (mL/250 mg DM) decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of PLE. Acetate to propionate ratio was lower (P <0.05) in MLE (2.02) and HLE (1.93) compared to the CON (2.28). Supplementation of the diet with PLE significantly (P <0.05) decreased the rate of BH of C18:1n-9 (oleic acid; OA), C18:2n-6 (linoleic acid; LA), C18:3n-3 (linolenic acid; LNA) and C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) compared to CON after 24 h incubation, which resulted in higher concentrations of BH intermediates such as C18:1 t11 (vaccenic acid; VA), c9t11 conjugated LA (CLA) (rumenic acid; RA) and t10c12 CLA. Real-time PCR analysis indicated that the total bacteria, total protozoa, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and methanogen population in HLE decreased (P <0.05) compared to CON, but the total bacteria and B. fibrisolvens population were higher (P < 0.05) in CON compared to the PLE treatment groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Jafari
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yong M Goh
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed A Rajion
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad F Jahromi
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yusof H Ahmad
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mahdi Ebrahimi
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Lengowski MB, Zuber KHR, Witzig M, Möhring J, Boguhn J, Rodehutscord M. Changes in Rumen Microbial Community Composition during Adaption to an In Vitro System and the Impact of Different Forages. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150115. [PMID: 26928330 PMCID: PMC4771158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined ruminal microbial community composition alterations during initial adaption to and following incubation in a rumen simulation system (Rusitec) using grass or corn silage as substrates. Samples were collected from fermenter liquids at 0, 2, 4, 12, 24, and 48 h and from feed residues at 0, 24, and 48 h after initiation of incubation (period 1) and on day 13 (period 2). Microbial DNA was extracted and real-time qPCR was used to quantify differences in the abundance of protozoa, methanogens, total bacteria, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus, Ruminobacter amylophilus, Prevotella bryantii, Selenomonas ruminantium, and Clostridium aminophilum. We found that forage source and sampling time significantly influenced the ruminal microbial community. The gene copy numbers of most microbial species (except C. aminophilum) decreased in period 1; however, adaption continued through period 2 for several species. The addition of fresh substrate in period 2 led to increasing copy numbers of all microbial species during the first 2–4 h in the fermenter liquid except protozoa, which showed a postprandial decrease. Corn silage enhanced the growth of R. amylophilus and F. succinogenes, and grass silage enhanced R. albus, P. bryantii, and C. aminophilum. No effect of forage source was detected on total bacteria, protozoa, S. ruminantium, or methanogens or on total gas production, although grass silage enhanced methane production. This study showed that the Rusitec provides a stable system after an adaption phase that should last longer than 48 h, and that the forage source influenced several microbial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie B. Lengowski
- Institut für Nutztierwissenschaften, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Karin H. R. Zuber
- Institut für Nutztierwissenschaften, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Maren Witzig
- Institut für Nutztierwissenschaften, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Jens Möhring
- Institut für Kulturpflanzenwissenschaften, Fachgebiet Biostatistik, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Jeannette Boguhn
- Institut für Nutztierwissenschaften, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Markus Rodehutscord
- Institut für Nutztierwissenschaften, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
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Grasel FDS, Ferrão MF, Wolf CR. Development of methodology for identification the nature of the polyphenolic extracts by FTIR associated with multivariate analysis. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 153:94-101. [PMID: 26296253 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Tannins are polyphenolic compounds of complex structures formed by secondary metabolism in several plants. These polyphenolic compounds have different applications, such as drugs, anti-corrosion agents, flocculants, and tanning agents. This study analyses six different type of polyphenolic extracts by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) combined with multivariate analysis. Through both principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), we observed well-defined separation between condensed (quebracho and black wattle) and hydrolysable (valonea, chestnut, myrobalan, and tara) tannins. For hydrolysable tannins, it was also possible to observe the formation of two different subgroups between samples of chestnut and valonea and between samples of tara and myrobalan. Among all samples analysed, the chestnut and valonea showed the greatest similarity, indicating that these extracts contain equivalent chemical compositions and structure and, therefore, similar properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio dos Santos Grasel
- Departamento de Controle da Qualidade, Tanac S/A, Montenegro, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia e Tecnologia de Materiais, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Marco Flôres Ferrão
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Effects of long-term supplementation of chestnut and valonea extracts on methane release, digestibility and nitrogen excretion in sheep. Animal 2014; 8:938-48. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731114000639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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