1
|
Pang KY, Siau CS, Ho MC, Ooi PB, Tan YK, Woi PJ, Lai SA, Chan CMH. Fear of detachment from mobile phone: nomophobia and suicidality among Malaysian university students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2024; 29:1044-1054. [PMID: 37876137 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2274315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The attachment to mobile devices during the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the possibility of increased nomophobia, which is the intense fear of losing access to one's mobile device. Therefore, this study aimed to determine if nomophobia was independently associated with suicidality before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among university students in Malaysia. This cross-sectional study had two-time points in data collection: one year before and one year into the COVID-19 pandemic. N = 806 university students aged ≥ 18 years completed an online questionnaire comprising the Nomophobia Questionnaire, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised. A multiple logistic regression (controlling for gender, age, and social support) was conducted to determine the association between nomophobia and suicidality before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The prevalence of severe nomophobia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic was 15.7% and 35.6% respectively. The level of nomophobia was significantly higher during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to pre-pandemic. Pre-pandemic, there were no significant associations. During the pandemic, participants with moderate (aOR 3.09, 95% CI [1.14-8.40], p = .027) and severe (aOR 3.57, 95% CI [1.25-10.20], p = .018) nomophobia had higher odds of suicide plan. During the pandemic, moderate and severe nomophobia were independently associated with more than three times higher odds for a lifetime suicide plan. Our study findings carry implications for the well-being of university students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khong Yun Pang
- Department of Psychology, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Ching Sin Siau
- Center for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Meng Chuan Ho
- Department of General Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences and Liberal Arts, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pei Boon Ooi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Yee Kee Tan
- Center for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pui Juan Woi
- Center for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Samantha Arielle Lai
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Liberal Arts, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Caryn Mei Hsien Chan
- Center for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim AW. Psychosocial stress, adult suicidal ideation, and the mediating effect of poor sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa. Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e24038. [PMID: 38174783 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES South Africa instituted one of the world's strictest lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic, which generated heightened conditions of psychosocial stress and posed widespread mental health risks. Despite the elevated burdens of suicidal behaviors and risk of psychiatric disease in the country, few studies have examined the impacts of psychosocial stress from the pandemic on suicidal ideation in South Africa. This study examined the association between psychosocial stress experienced under the COVID-19 pandemic and adult suicidal ideation, as well as degree to which sleep quality and duration mediated this relationship. METHODS An online survey assessed experiences of COVID-19 psychosocial stress, sleep quality and duration, and suicidal ideation in a sample of 189 South African adults during the second and third waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. A causal inference framework for mediation analysis was used to assess the degree to which sleep quality and duration explained the association between COVID-19 psychosocial stress and suicidal ideation. RESULTS Suicidal ideation was reported in 21% of adults. Adults described having moderate sleep quality and an average of 6.9 hours of sleep per night. COVID-19 psychosocial stress significantly predicted adult suicidal ideation in fully adjusted models. Sleep quality, but not sleep duration, significantly mediated the association between COVID-19 psychosocial stress and suicidal ideation, accounting for 25.9% of the total effect. CONCLUSIONS Poor sleep quality may play an important role in exacerbating the alarming stress-induced mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Further research is necessary to understand the underlying sleep dynamics and associated psychological and neurobiological processes that perpetuate adult suicidal ideation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wooyoung Kim
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Poštuvan V, Krohne N, Lavrič M, Gomboc V, De Leo D, Rojs L. A Lonelier World after COVID-19: Longitudinal Population-Based Study of Well-Being, Emotional and Social Loneliness, and Suicidal Behaviour in Slovenia. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:312. [PMID: 38399599 PMCID: PMC10890292 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60020312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) goes beyond the consequences of the infectious disease, especially as the measures taken to prevent the spread of the virus have had a very profound impact on people's social relationships and everyday lives. Several studies have investigated these effects, but there is a lack of longitudinal studies in Central Europe. Objective: The aim of our study was to observe changes in well-being, loneliness, and suicidal behaviour before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic using the same population-based cohort. Materials and Methods: A representative sample of 440 participants completed online questionnaires at four time points: 2019 (wave 0), 2021 (wave 1), 2022 (wave 2), and 2023 (wave 3). Results: The results show significant changes in the levels of well-being and loneliness over these periods. In particular, both social and emotional loneliness increased during the pandemic, while emotional loneliness increased to a greater extent without further decreases. Well-being appeared to increase after pandemic-related restrictions diminished but decreased again one year later. No significant changes concerning suicidal ideation were observed. Conclusions: Our study suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic changed the way in which people perceive their well-being and especially their relationships with others. From the data, we can conclude that people's worldview is now lonelier than before the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vita Poštuvan
- Slovene Centre for Suicide Research, Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (N.K.); (M.L.); (V.G.); (D.D.L.); (L.R.)
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Nina Krohne
- Slovene Centre for Suicide Research, Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (N.K.); (M.L.); (V.G.); (D.D.L.); (L.R.)
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Meta Lavrič
- Slovene Centre for Suicide Research, Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (N.K.); (M.L.); (V.G.); (D.D.L.); (L.R.)
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Vanja Gomboc
- Slovene Centre for Suicide Research, Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (N.K.); (M.L.); (V.G.); (D.D.L.); (L.R.)
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Diego De Leo
- Slovene Centre for Suicide Research, Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (N.K.); (M.L.); (V.G.); (D.D.L.); (L.R.)
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Lucia Rojs
- Slovene Centre for Suicide Research, Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (N.K.); (M.L.); (V.G.); (D.D.L.); (L.R.)
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Blendermann M, Ebalu TI, Obisie-Orlu IC, Fried EI, Hallion LS. A narrative systematic review of changes in mental health symptoms from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychol Med 2024; 54:43-66. [PMID: 37615061 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723002295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic raised concerns regarding population-wide impacts on mental health. Existing work on the psychological impacts of disaster has identified the potential for multiple response trajectories, with resilience as likely as the development of chronic psychopathology. Early reviews of mental health during the pandemic suggested elevated prevalence rates of multiple forms of psychopathology, but were limited by largely cross-sectional approaches. We conducted a systematic review of studies that prospectively assessed pre- to peri-pandemic changes in symptoms of psychopathology to investigate potential mental health changes associated with the onset of the pandemic (PROSPERO #CRD42021255042). A total of 97 studies were included, covering symptom clusters including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), fear, anxiety, depression, and general distress. Changes in psychopathology symptoms varied by symptom dimension and sample characteristics. OCD, anxiety, depression, and general distress symptoms tended to increase from pre- to peri-pandemic. An increase in fear was limited to medically vulnerable participants, and findings for PTSD were mixed. Pre-existing mental health diagnoses unexpectedly were not associated with symptom exacerbation, except in the case of OCD. Young people generally showed the most marked symptom increases, although this pattern was reversed in some samples. Women in middle adulthood in particular demonstrated a considerable increase in anxiety and depression. We conclude that mental health responding during the pandemic varied as a function of both symptom cluster and sample characteristics. Variability in responding should therefore be a key consideration guiding future research and intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Blendermann
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tracie I Ebalu
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Eiko I Fried
- Department of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lauren S Hallion
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
So WWY, Fong TCT, Woo BPY, Yip PSF. Psychosocial and financial well-being mediated the effects of COVID-19 distress on suicidality: a serial mediation model among Hong Kong young adults. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024; 59:165-174. [PMID: 37270725 PMCID: PMC10239540 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02501-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The COVID-19 pandemic has brought significant distress on not only the physical health but also mental health of individuals. The present study investigated the direct and indirect effects from COVID-19 distress to suicidality via psychosocial and financial well-being among young people. METHODS This cross-sectional survey recruited 1472 Hong Kong young people via random sampling in 2021. The respondents completed a phone survey on COVID-19 distress, the four-item Patient Health Questionnaire and items on social well-being, financial well-being, and suicidality. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted to examine the direct and indirect effects of COVID-19 distress on suicidality via psychosocial and financial well-being. RESULTS The direct effect of COVID-19 distress on suicidality was not significant (β = 0.022, 95% CI - 0.097-0.156). The total indirect effect from COVID-19 distress to suicidality was significant and positive (αβγ = 0.150, 95% CI = 0.085-0.245) and accounted for 87% of the total effect (B = 0.172, 95% CI = 0.043-0.341). There were significant specific indirect effects via social well-being and psychological distress, and financial well-being and psychological distress. CONCLUSION The present findings support different pathways from COVID-19 distress to suicidality via functioning in different domains among young people in Hong Kong. Measures are needed to ameliorate the impact on their social and financial well-being to reduce their psychological distress and suicidality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Wing Yan So
- HKJC Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, 2/F, HKJC Building for Interdisciplinary Research, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ted Chun Tat Fong
- Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Bowie Po Yi Woo
- HKJC Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, 2/F, HKJC Building for Interdisciplinary Research, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Paul Siu Fai Yip
- HKJC Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, 2/F, HKJC Building for Interdisciplinary Research, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- Department of Social Work & Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lok V, Sjöqvist H, Sidorchuk A, Flodin P, Osika W, Daly M, Hyland P, Andersen LH, Fallesen P, Cabrera MC, Knudsen AK, Wetherall K, Widnall E, Groarke JM, Armour C, Dalman C, Hollander AC, Niemi M. Changes in anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in the European population: A meta-analysis of changes and associations with restriction policies. Eur Psychiatry 2023; 66:e87. [PMID: 37881862 PMCID: PMC10755582 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early studies of common mental disorders (CMDs) during the COVID-19 pandemic mainly report increases; however, more recent findings have been mixed. Also, studies assessing the effects of restriction measures on CMDs show varied results. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess changes in levels of CMDs from pre-/early to during the pandemic and the effects of restriction policies in the European population. METHODS We searched for studies assessing both pre-pandemic and peri-pandemic self-reported emotional distress and symptoms of depression or anxiety among nationally/regionally representative samples in Europe and collected microdata from those studies. Estimates of corona containment index were related to changes in CMDs using random-effects meta-regression. RESULTS Our search strategy resulted in findings from 15 datasets drawn from 8 European countries being included in the meta-analysis. There was no evidence of change in the prevalence of emotional distress, anxiety, or depression from before to during the pandemic; but from early pandemic periods to later periods, there were significant decreases in emotional distress and anxiety. Increased school restrictions and social distancing were associated with small increases in self-reported emotional distress. CONCLUSIONS Despite initial concerns of increased emotional distress and mental illness due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the results from this meta-analysis indicate that there was a decrease in emotional distress and no change in anxiety or depression in the general population in Europe. Overall, our findings support the importance of strong governance when implementing periodic and robust restriction measures to combat the spread of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veeleah Lok
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hugo Sjöqvist
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Sidorchuk
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Region Stockholm, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pär Flodin
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Walter Osika
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Daly
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland
| | - Philip Hyland
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland
| | | | - Peter Fallesen
- ROCKWOOL Foundation Research Unit, Hedehusene, Denmark
- Swedish Institute for Social Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ann K.S. Knudsen
- Department of Disease Burden, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karen Wetherall
- Suicidal Behaviour Research Laboratory, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Emily Widnall
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jenny M. Groarke
- School of Psychology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- School of Psychology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Cherie Armour
- School of Psychology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Christina Dalman
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Maria Niemi
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Du W, Jia YJ, Hu FH, Ge MW, Cheng YJ, Qu X, Chen HL. Prevalence of suicidal ideation and correlated risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic: A meta-analysis of 113 studies from 31 countries. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 166:147-168. [PMID: 37774666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of suicidal ideation and correlated risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Web of Science (WOS) and PubMed were searched according to a pre-set strategy. A total of 132 studies were identified, 104 of which were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was approximately 14.7% (95%CI: 12.5%, 16.8%, P < 0.01) in the general population, approximately 22.4% (95%CI: 17.1%, 27.8%, P < 0.01)in adolescents, approximately 21.0% (95%CI: 12.8%, 29.2%, P < 0.01) in psychiatric patients, approximately 20.6% (95%CI: 18.7%, 22.5%, P < 0.01)in university students, approximately 18.9% (95%CI: 8.3%, 29.5%, P < 0.01) in younger adults, approximately 10.6% (95%CI: 1.0%, 20.2%, P = 0.031) in COVID-19 patients and approximately 7.4% (95%CI: 4.3%, 10.5%, P < 0.01) in healthcare workers. The prevalence in North America was approximately 16.0% (95%CI: 13.6%-18.4%, P < 0.001), approximately 14.5% in Asia (95%CI: 9.5%-19.4%, P < 0.001), approximately 10.5% in Europe (95%CI: 8.5%-12.4%, P < 0.001), and approximately 20.5% in South America (95%CI: 19.5%-21.5%, P < 0.001). The following were risk factors which might be correlated with suicidal ideation: severe anxiety symptoms, mild to moderate depression, a strong feeling of loneliness/social isolation, poor sleep quality, having COVID-19-related experience, having quarantine or lockdown experience, being female, being single or divorced, having financial problems and having a history of suicidal ideation/attempt. This article reports the prevalence of suicidal ideation and discussing potential risk factors during the pandemic among general population and vulnerable groups. Early detection and follow-up were necessary for the noteworthy population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- Nantong University Medical School, PR China
| | - Yi Jie Jia
- Nantong University Medical School, PR China
| | | | | | | | - Xin Qu
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hong Lin Chen
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Blázquez-Fernández C, Lanza-León P, Cantarero-Prieto D. A systematic review on suicide because of social isolation/and loneliness: does COVID-19 make a difference? J Public Health (Oxf) 2023; 45:680-688. [PMID: 36680431 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a significant cause of death worldwide. Various purposes can explain why people choose to attempt or commit suicide such as mental-health disorders, income-related-factors, quality of life or issues related to social context. This study aims to identify an updated association between 'isolation' and suicides. METHODS In this regard, we had made a systematic review of the most recent papers, published from January 2016 to March 2022, thought the most acknowledged databases. This review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for systematic reviews. To the best of our knowledge, this issue is very important due to the indirect relationship between COVID-19 and suicides. RESULTS Our analysis demonstrates that suicide and -social isolation and loneliness- have a positive and direct relationship although these findings varied slightly by areas. Moreover, most of the attention is focused on the youth during the most recent period and this is a real problem because economies cannot afford losing (young) population. CONCLUSIONS In order to prevent suicides, public policies should prevent suicidal thoughts that it could induce to terminate the lives of individuals in their most productive years and harmful outcomes to their families and friends.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Blázquez-Fernández
- Department of Economics, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
- Research Group of Health Economics and Health Services Management-Research Institute Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Paloma Lanza-León
- Department of Economics, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
- Research Group of Health Economics and Health Services Management-Research Institute Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - David Cantarero-Prieto
- Department of Economics, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
- Research Group of Health Economics and Health Services Management-Research Institute Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Essadek A, Shadili G, Bergami Goulart Barbosa P, Assous A, Widart F, Payan S, Rabeyron T, Corruble E, Falissard B, Gressier F. Precarious Young Adults' Mental Health during the Pandemic: The Major Impact of Food Insecurity Independently of COVID-19 Diagnosis. Nutrients 2023; 15:3260. [PMID: 37513678 PMCID: PMC10384015 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on mental health across populations, especially young and precarious people. Furthermore, COVID-19 diagnosis itself has been associated with psychiatric symptoms. However, only a few studies have assessed the mental health of precarious youth, and examined a possible association with food insecurity, while including COVID-19 diagnosis in their analyses. We aimed to determine the prevalence of poor mental health in precarious youth during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to investigate its possible association with food insecurity, independently of COVID-19 diagnosis. In a cross-sectional study conducted in the context of an employment program for precarious youth (18-25 years) living in Paris, France, 823 individuals were assessed for depression, anxiety, subjective distress and food insecurity during the second lockdown of 2020. A directed acyclic graph (DAG)-based approach was used to identify confounders for inclusion in a multivariate regression model. Of the 823 precarious youth, 45.93% reported significant symptoms of depression, 36.69% anxiety, 39% distress and 25.39% suicidal ideation. In the multivariate analysis based on DAG, food insecurity (less than one meal per day) was associated with depression (OR = 2.30; CI%: 1.19-4.51), anxiety (OR = 2.51; CI%: 1.29-4.88), distress (OR = 2.36; CI%: 1.23-4.57) and suicidal ideation (OR = 4.81; CI%: 2.46-9.44), independently of age, gender, education, COVID-19 contact and COVID-19 diagnosis. This study highlights the importance of food insecurity on mental health among young precarious people during the COVID-19 pandemic. Reducing food insecurity is essential to help reduce psychological distress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Essadek
- INTERPSY Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology, University of Lorraine, 54015 Nancy, France
| | - Gérard Shadili
- PCPP Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, University of Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 75014 Paris, France
| | | | - Adèle Assous
- CRPMS Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology, University of Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Widart
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Ségolène Payan
- Essonne Research and Social Work Institute, IRFASE, 91034 Evry, France
| | - Thomas Rabeyron
- INTERPSY Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology, University of Lorraine, 54015 Nancy, France
| | - Emmanuelle Corruble
- Department of Psychiatry, Bicêtre University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Saclay, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- CESP, INSERM U1018, Moods Team, Faculté de Médecine Paris Saclay, University Paris-Saclay, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Bruno Falissard
- Department of Public Health, School of Medecine, University Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- CESP, INSERM 1018, University Paris-Saclay, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Florence Gressier
- Department of Psychiatry, Bicêtre University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Saclay, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- CESP, INSERM U1018, Moods Team, Faculté de Médecine Paris Saclay, University Paris-Saclay, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ramos-Martín J, Pérez-Berlanga JM, Oliver J, Moreno-Küstner B. Non-lethal suicidal behavior in university students of Spain during COVID-19. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1155171. [PMID: 37533884 PMCID: PMC10390698 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1155171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Suicide is the fourth external cause of death in the world, in persons between the ages of l5 and 29. The objectives of this study were to measure the prevalence of suicidal behavior in university students and analyze the relationship of suicide risk with psychological distress, resilience, and family and social support. Methods An observational and transversal study wherein the students at the University of Malaga (Spain) completed an online questionnaire which included items from different scales, sociodemographic and academic questions, and the subjective impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive analyses and prevalence rates of suicidal behavior were calculated, and bivariate analyses, multiple linear regression, and a mediation and moderation analyses were conducted. Results A total of 2,212 students completed the questionnaire. The prevalence of the last 6 months was 30.4% wishing for death, 14.7% suicidal ideation, 5% self-harm injuries, and 0.5% suicide attempts. Psychological distress, family and social support were linked to the risk of suicide. Lastly, resilience and family support measure and moderate the relation between psychological stress and suicide risk. Conclusion Psychological distress is a risk factor for suicidal behavior, while resilience and family and social support are linked to a lower risk of suicide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ramos-Martín
- Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - José Manuel Pérez-Berlanga
- Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesús Oliver
- Grupo Andaluz de Investigación Psicosocial (GAP) (CTS-945), Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Berta Moreno-Küstner
- Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Grupo Andaluz de Investigación Psicosocial (GAP) (CTS-945), Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ten Have M, Tuithof M, van Dorsselaer S, Schouten F, Luik AI, de Graaf R. Prevalence and trends of common mental disorders from 2007-2009 to 2019-2022: results from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Studies (NEMESIS), including comparison of prevalence rates before vs. during the COVID-19 pandemic. World Psychiatry 2023; 22:275-285. [PMID: 37159351 PMCID: PMC10168151 DOI: 10.1002/wps.21087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Up-to-date information on the prevalence and trends of common mental disorders is relevant to health care policy and planning, owing to the high burden associated with these disorders. In the first wave of the third Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS-3), a nationally representative sample was interviewed face-to-face from November 2019 to March 2022 (6,194 subjects; 1,576 interviewed before and 4,618 during the COVID-19 pandemic; age range: 18-75 years). A slightly modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 was used to assess DSM-IV and DSM-5 diagnoses. Trends in 12-month prevalence rates of DSM-IV mental disorders were examined by comparing these rates between NEMESIS-3 and NEMESIS-2 (6,646 subjects; age range: 18-64 years; interviewed from November 2007 to July 2009). Lifetime DSM-5 prevalence estimates in NEMESIS-3 were 28.6% for anxiety disorders, 27.6% for mood disorders, 16.7% for substance use disorders, and 3.6% for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Over the last 12 months, prevalence rates were 15.2%, 9.8%, 7.1%, and 3.2%, respectively. No differences in 12-month prevalence rates before vs. during the COVID-19 pandemic were found (26.7% pre-pandemic vs. 25.7% during the pandemic), even after controlling for differences in socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents interviewed in these two periods. This was the case for all four disorder categories. From 2007-2009 to 2019-2022, the 12-month prevalence rate of any DSM-IV disorder significantly increased from 17.4% to 26.1%. A stronger increase in prevalence was found for students, younger adults (18-34 years) and city dwellers. These data suggest that the prevalence of mental disorders has increased in the past decade, but this is not explained by the COVID-19 pandemic. The already high mental disorder risk of young adults has particularly further increased in recent years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margreet Ten Have
- Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction (Trimbos Institute), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marlous Tuithof
- Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction (Trimbos Institute), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia van Dorsselaer
- Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction (Trimbos Institute), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frederiek Schouten
- Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction (Trimbos Institute), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie I Luik
- Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction (Trimbos Institute), Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron de Graaf
- Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction (Trimbos Institute), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lopez-Morinigo JD, Blasco-Fontecilla H, Courtet P, Ayuso-Mateos JL. Investigating the relationship between cross-national suicide rates and COVID-19 first and second waves spread across the world: An exploratory study. SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND MENTAL HEALTH 2023; 16:95-101. [PMID: 35251385 PMCID: PMC8883721 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 spreads between people in close contact. Social isolation, which is linked with increased suicide risk, prevents COVID-19 from spreading. Suicide and COVID-19 may therefore represent two antagonistic phenomena. Specifically, we tested whether previous cross-national suicide rates inversely correlate with COVID-19 cases and deaths across countries. MATERIAL AND METHODS We ran unadjusted bivariate correlations between the most updated (2016) cross-national Age-Standardised suicide rates and COVID-19 cumulative cases and deaths (as of: 30/08/2020, 11/10/2020 and 30/05/2021) across countries; and we controlled for WHO Income group, WHO region, suicide data quality, and urbanicity. RESULTS Suicide rates negatively correlated with COVID-19 cumulative cases up to 30/08/2020 (r=-0.14, P=.064) and up to 11/10/2020 at an almost significant level (r=-0.149, P=.050) across 174 countries. As of 11/10/2020 this correlation became significant when controlling for WHO region (r=-0.17, P=.028), data quality (r=-0.181, P=.017) and urbanicity (r=-0.172, P=.039); and as of 30/08/2020 when adjusting for WHO region (r=-0.15, P=.047) and data quality a (r=-0.16, P=.036). No significant correlations between suicide rates and COVID-19 deaths were found. CONCLUSIONS There seems to be an inverse correlation between previous cross-national suicide rates and COVID-19 cumulative cases across countries. Suicide and COVID-19 appear to behave, to some degree, as antagonistic phenomena, which challenges their prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier-David Lopez-Morinigo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Calle Ibiza, 43, 28009, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Avenida de Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Hilario Blasco-Fontecilla
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Avenida de Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Health Research Institute Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Aranda (IDIPHISA), Majadahonda, Calle Joaquín Rodrigo, 1, 28022 Madrid, Spain; ITA Mental Health, Calle del Moscatelar, 1K, 28043 Madrid, Spain
| | - Philippe Courtet
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, CHU Montpellier, 191 Av. du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295 Montpellier, France; PSNREC, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, 191 Av. du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - José-Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Avenida de Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS Princesa), Calle de Diego de León, 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Murphy E, Svob C, Van Dijk M, Gameroff MJ, Skipper J, Abraham E, Yangchen T, Posner J, Shankman SA, Wickramaratne PJ, Weissman MM, Talati A. The effects of the pandemic on mental health in persons with and without a psychiatric history. Psychol Med 2023; 53:2476-2484. [PMID: 34743762 PMCID: PMC8632413 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721004372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective studies are needed to assess the influence of pre-pandemic risk factors on mental health outcomes following the COVID-19 pandemic. From direct interviews prior to (T1), and then in the same individuals after the pandemic onset (T2), we assessed the influence of personal psychiatric history on changes in symptoms and wellbeing. METHODS Two hundred and four (19-69 years/117 female) individuals from a multigenerational family study were followed clinically up to T1. Psychiatric symptom changes (T1-to-T2), their association with lifetime psychiatric history (no, only-past, and recent psychiatric history), and pandemic-specific worries were investigated. RESULTS At T2 relative to T1, participants with recent psychopathology (in the last 2 years) had significantly fewer depressive (mean, M = 41.7 v. 47.6) and traumatic symptoms (M = 6.6 v. 8.1, p < 0.001), while those with no and only-past psychiatric history had decreased wellbeing (M = 22.6 v. 25.0, p < 0.01). Three pandemic-related worry factors were identified: Illness/death, Financial, and Social isolation. Individuals with recent psychiatric history had greater Illness/death and Financial worries than the no/only-past groups, but these worries were unrelated to depression at T2. Among individuals with no/only-past history, Illness/death worries predicted increased T2 depression [B = 0.6(0.3), p < 0.05]. CONCLUSIONS As recent psychiatric history was not associated with increased depression or anxiety during the pandemic, new groups of previously unaffected persons might contribute to the increased pandemic-related depression and anxiety rates reported. These individuals likely represent incident cases that are first detected in primary care and other non-specialty clinical settings. Such settings may be useful for monitoring future illness among newly at-risk individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Connie Svob
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Milenna Van Dijk
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc J. Gameroff
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jamie Skipper
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eyal Abraham
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tenzin Yangchen
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Posner
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stewart A. Shankman
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Priya J. Wickramaratne
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Myrna M. Weissman
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ardesheer Talati
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Guil Sànchez J. [Suicide attempt before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A comparative study from the emergency department]. Semergen 2023; 49:101922. [PMID: 36807986 PMCID: PMC9816082 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2023.101922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the prevalence and characteristics of the patients who consulted in the emergency department for attempted suicide in 2021 and to compare them with those carried out in the pre-Covid period in 2019. METHODS Retrospective cross-sectional study between January 1 and December 31, 2019 and 2021. Demographic, clinical variables (history, psychiatric medication, toxic abuse, mental health follow-up, and previous suicide attempt) and characteristics of the current suicide episode (mechanism, triggering reason, and patient destination) were included. RESULTS They consulted 125 patients in 2019 and 173 in 2021, mean age 38.8±15.2 and 37.9±18.5 years, women 56.8% and 67.6%. They presented: previous suicide attempt, men 20.4% and 19.6%, women 40.8% and 31.6%; substance use disorder, men 51.8% and 46.4%, women 39.4% and 17.1%, due to alcohol, men 78.6% and 88.5%, women 82.1% and 70%. Characteristics of the autolytic episode: pharmacological cause, 68.8% in 2019, 70.5% in 2021, benzodiazepines (81.3% and 70.2%); toxic (30.4% and 16.8%), alcohol (78.9% and 86.2%), medication more associated with alcohol (benzodiazepines, 56.2% and 59.1%); self-harm (11.2% and 8.7%). Destination of the patients: outpatient psychiatric follow-up (84% and 71.7%), hospital admission (8.8% and 11%). CONCLUSIONS There was an increase in consultations of 38.4%, the majority were women, who also presented a higher prevalence of previous suicide attempt; men presented more substance use disorder. The most frequent autolytic mechanism was drugs, especially benzodiazepines. The most used toxicant was alcohol, most of the time associated with benzodiazepines. Upon discharge, most patients were referred to the mental health unit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Guil Sànchez
- Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Universitario de Mollet, Fundació Sanitària de Mollet, Mollet (Barcelona), España.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
de la Torre-Luque A, Pemau A, Perez-Sola V, Ayuso-Mateos JL. Suicide mortality in Spain in 2020: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND MENTAL HEALTH 2023; 16:116-118. [PMID: 35132342 PMCID: PMC8809655 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suicide constitutes a major concern with evident contribution to global mortality worldwide. Evidence on suicide trends is mixed in the COVID-19 pandemic era. Spain may be an at-risk country for increased suicide risk in the time of COVID-19 pandemic due to prolonged restrictions and lockdown, elevated COVID-19 wave recurrence and related mental health impact. This brief report aims to provide some insight into the suicide mortality trends in the first COVID-19 pandemic year in Spain, using national data. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data from the National Death Index were used. Annual mortality rate was calculated at a province level under random-effects models for the 2019 and 2020 years. Poisson timeseries regression was used to study the relationship between monthly suicide mortality and COVID-19 pandemic outbreak and lockdown, and second COVID-19 wave peak covariates. RESULTS 3671 people died by suicide in 2019 in Spain and 3941 people died by suicide in 2020. The random-effects mortality rate in 2019 was 8.3 (CI95=7.6, 9.0) per 100,000 inhabitants, and mortality rate in 2020 was 8.9 (CI95=8.3, 9.6). No significant differences between mortality rates were found (p=.18). The Poisson regression showed a significant relationship between the COVID-19 outbreak and suicide mortality trend, with OR=1.07 (CI95=1.02, 1.12). CONCLUSIONS Although annual mortality rates were not significantly different, an increased suicide risk was found from May, 2020 onwards. Our results claim for action to tackle suicide in the post-pandemic era taking into account the discouraging upcoming scenario.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro de la Torre-Luque
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain.
| | | | - Victor Perez-Sola
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain; Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Parc de Salut Mar, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain; Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Manrique-Millones D, Gómez-Baya D, Wiium N. The Importance of the 5Cs of Positive Youth Development to Depressive Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study with University Students from Peru and Spain. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13030280. [PMID: 36975305 PMCID: PMC10045354 DOI: 10.3390/bs13030280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior research has documented the protective role of the 5Cs of Positive Youth Development (PYD) on adjustment problems, such as depressive symptoms. Nonetheless, more research is needed, especially in non-US contexts. The main objective of the present study was to assess associations between the 5Cs and depressive symptoms in Peru and Spain, considering gender differences across contexts. METHODS Cross-sectional data was collected from undergraduate students from Peru [n = 250] and Spain [n = 1044]. RESULTS The results revealed significant negative associations of Competence, Confidence, Character and Connection with depressive symptoms, while Caring was positively and significantly related to depressive symptoms in both samples. Regarding gender differences, female undergraduates in both samples reported high levels of Caring, while Competence was predominant among males compared to females in both countries. Likewise, higher scores in Competence and Confidence were registered among Peruvian male undergraduates compared to Spanish students, while Caring and Character were more prevalent in Spanish female undergraduates compared to Peruvian students. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm the importance of targeting the 5Cs of PYD alongside the role of gender and country context in intervention programs, put together to address the mental health of students in Peru and Spain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denisse Manrique-Millones
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Psicología, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima 15067, Peru
| | - Diego Gómez-Baya
- Department of Social, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universidad de Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - Nora Wiium
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Castellvi Obiols P, Miranda-Mendizabal A, Recoder S, Calbo Sebastian E, Casajuana-Closas M, Leiva D, Manolov R, Matilla-Santander N, Lloveras-Bernat I, Forero CG. Physical and mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic at first year in a Spanish adult cohort. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4547. [PMID: 36941282 PMCID: PMC10026238 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28336-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and the political and health measures have profoundly affected the health of our populations. However, very few studies have been published assessing its impact using a prospective cohort. The aim of this study is to describe the impact on physical and mental health due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the general population in Spain, and according to COVID-19 clinical status, during the first year of the pandemic. A longitudinal cohort study with two online surveys were performed on a representative sample of the adult Spanish population before (N = 2005, October/November 2019) and during the pandemic (N = 1357, November/December 2020). We assessed disability using the World Health Organisation Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS), major depressive episode (MDE) and suicidal thoughts and behaviours (STB), using an adapted version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0); generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) using the GAD-7 scale; post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms using the PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). For physical health, there was a statistically significant loss of weight (mean/SD) (T0, 73.22/15.56 vs. T1, 71.21/11.94), less use of tobacco (T0, 11.4% vs. T1, 9.0%) and decreased disability (mean/SD) (T0, 21.52/9.22 vs. T1, 19.03/7.32). For mental health, there was a significant increase in MDE (T0, 6.5% vs. T1, 8.8%) and in the prevalence of GAD (T0, 13.7% vs. T1, 17.7%). The prevalence of STB (T0, 15.1% vs. T1, 7.1%) significantly decreased. Individuals who declared they had been diagnosed with COVID-19 (3.6%) showed a worsening in physical health and an increase in mental health problems and PTSD symptoms. Although suicide risk during the first year of the pandemic was significantly less, many suicide risk factors increased: such as the incidence and persistence of MDE and GAD, the presence of PTSD symptoms in those diagnosed with COVID-19, and a worsening in self-assessed health status. We expect an increase in STB in the population in the long-term. Future research should gather information about the long-term impact of the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pere Castellvi Obiols
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, International University of Catalonia (UIC), Campus Sant Cugat, Josep Trueta s/n, 08195, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Andrea Miranda-Mendizabal
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, International University of Catalonia (UIC), Campus Sant Cugat, Josep Trueta s/n, 08195, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Silvia Recoder
- Department of Basic Sciences, International University of Catalonia (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | | | - Marc Casajuana-Closas
- Institut Universitari de Investigació en Atenció Primaria Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Leiva
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rumen Manolov
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Matilla-Santander
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, The Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Isaac Lloveras-Bernat
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, International University of Catalonia (UIC), Campus Sant Cugat, Josep Trueta s/n, 08195, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Carlos G Forero
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, International University of Catalonia (UIC), Campus Sant Cugat, Josep Trueta s/n, 08195, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yan Y, Hou J, Li Q, Yu NX. Suicide before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3346. [PMID: 36834037 PMCID: PMC9960664 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Synthesizing evidence to examine changes in suicide-related outcomes before and during the pandemic can inform suicide management during the COVID-19 crisis. We searched 13 databases as of December 2022 for studies reporting both the pre- and peri-pandemic prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, or rate of death by suicide. A random-effects model was used to pool the ratio of peri- and pre-pandemic prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempt (Prevalence Ratio-PR) and rate of death by suicide (Rate Ratio; RR). We identified 51, 55, and 25 samples for suicidal ideation, attempt, and death by suicide. The prevalence of suicidal ideation increased significantly among non-clinical (PR = 1.142; 95% CI: 1.018-1.282; p = 0.024; k = 28) and clinical (PR = 1.134; 95% CI: 1.048-1.227; p = 0.002; k = 23) samples, and pooled estimates differed by population and study design. Suicide attempts were more prevalent during the pandemic among non-clinical (PR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.053-1.233; p = 0.001; k = 30) and clinical (PR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.17-1.489; p = 0.000; k = 25) participants. The pooled RR for death by suicide was 0.923 (95% CI: 0.84-1.01; p = 0.092; k = 25), indicating a nonsignificant downward trend. An upward trend of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic, despite suicide rate remaining stable. Our findings suggest that timely prevention and intervention programs are highly needed for non-clinical adult population and clinical patients. Monitoring the real-time and long-run suicide risk as the pandemic evolves is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Yan
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianhua Hou
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nancy Xiaonan Yu
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Essadek A, Gressier F, Krebs T, Corruble E, Falissard B, Rabeyron T. Assessment of mental health of university students faced with different lockdowns during the coronavirus pandemic, a repeated cross-sectional study. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2022; 13:2141510. [PMID: 38872601 PMCID: PMC9677981 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2022.2141510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS Successive lockdowns have a significant impact on the mental health of university students.PhD students have experienced the most significant deterioration in their mental health.The rate of suicidal ideation has increased significantly across the university student population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Essadek
- University of Lorraine, INTERPSY EA 4432, Nancy, France
| | - Florence Gressier
- Department of Psychiatry, Bicêtre University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- CESP, INSERM U1018, Moods Team, University Paris-Saclay, Faculté de médecine Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Emmanuelle Corruble
- Department of Psychiatry, Bicêtre University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- CESP, INSERM U1018, Moods Team, University Paris-Saclay, Faculté de médecine Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Bruno Falissard
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Epidemiological and Public Health Research Centre, INSERM 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Thomas Rabeyron
- University of Lorraine, INTERPSY EA 4432, Nancy, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Villanueva-Blasco VJ, Villanueva-Silvestre V, Vázquez-Martínez A, de Vicente LP, Pérez-Gálvez B. Depression, Suicidal Ideation, and Consumption of Psychotropic Drugs During Lockdown by COVID-19 According to Gender and Age. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022:1-17. [PMID: 36465995 PMCID: PMC9684782 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00962-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to analyze the relationship between depression and suicidal ideation and psychotropic drugs use during COVID-19 lockdown in adult population considering gender and age. The method used is a descriptive and non-probabilistic study, with a convenience sampling of 3780 participants (70.1% female), aged 18-64 years (M = 37.8). 18.3% participants presented depression and 5.1% exhibited suicidal ideation. The depression rate for female was double (21.4%) than male and 5 times higher (30.2%) for the youngest participants (18-24 years old) compared to oldest (55-64 years old), being this rate triple in suicidal ideation (9%). Depression correlated positively with tranquilizers and sleeping pills' consumption; and suicidal ideation did so with tranquilizers and sedatives. The rate of tranquilizer users was 8 times higher for severe depression compared to those who did not present depression, 5 times higher for sleeping pills, and 6 times higher for sedatives. The rate of tranquilizer users exhibiting suicidal ideation was more than triple than those who did not present suicidal ideation, between 3 and 4 times higher for sleeping pills, and almost 7 times higher for sedatives. The higher the level of depression and suicidal ideation during lockdown, the greater the consumption of psychotropic drugs. The consumption of psychotropic drugs should be monitored in people with depression and suicidal ideation during periods of crisis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor J. Villanueva-Blasco
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, C/ Pintor Sorolla, 21, 46002 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Andrea Vázquez-Martínez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, C/ Pintor Sorolla, 21, 46002 Valencia, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Llistosella M, Castellvi P, Miranda-Mendizabal A, Recoder S, Calbo E, Casajuana-Closas M, Leiva D, Manolov R, Matilla-Santander N, Forero CG. Low Resilience Was a Risk Factor of Mental Health Problems during the COVID-19 Pandemic but Not in Individuals Exposed to COVID-19: A Cohort Study in Spanish Adult General Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15398. [PMID: 36430116 PMCID: PMC9690878 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim is to analyze whether people with low resilience are at higher risk of mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spanish adults. METHODS a longitudinal cohort study was carried out. Resilience was measured with the CD-RISC. Mental health problems that were assessed included: Major Depressive Episode (MDE), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors (STB), and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms. RESULTS we found statistically significant differences between groups and resilience scores in MDE [F (3; 48.40) = 19.55], GAD [F (3; 19.63) = 6.45] and STB [F (3; 111.74) = 31.94]. Multivariable analyses showed individuals with very low resilience were at a 5-fold risk of Incidence of MDE and a 4-fold risk of STB. Persistent group presented a 21-fold risk of MDE and 54-fold risk of STB. No evidence of higher risk was found for GAD. Individuals with low resilience and exposed to COVID-19 were not at higher risk. Individuals with low resilience were at higher risk of PTSD in general population [β(95% CI) = -3.25 (-3.969 to -2.54)], but not for individuals with COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS in the general population, having low or very low resilience increases the risk of suffering MDE, STB, and PTSD, but not GAD during the COVID-19 pandemic, and not in the population with COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Llistosella
- Primary Health Care, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, 08227 Terrassa, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Universitat International de Catalunya (UIC), 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Pere Castellvi
- School of Medicine, International University of Catalonia (UIC), 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | | | - Silvia Recoder
- Department of Basic Sciences, International University of Catalonia (UIC), 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ester Calbo
- Servei Català de la Salut, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Casajuana-Closas
- Institut Universitari de Investigació en Atenció Primaria Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Leiva
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, University of Barcelona (UB), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rumen Manolov
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, University of Barcelona (UB), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Matilla-Santander
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, The Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carlos G. Forero
- School of Medicine, International University of Catalonia (UIC), 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Suárez Soto E, Pereda N, Guilera G. Suicidal ideation and behaviour in Spanish adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: an exploratory study. ACTAS ESPANOLAS DE PSIQUIATRIA 2022; 50:256-265. [PMID: 36622713 PMCID: PMC10803869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and its related containment measures, mainly physical distancing and isolation, are having detrimental consequences on the mental health of the juvenile infant population worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Suárez Soto
- Research Group on Child and Adolescent Victimisation (GReVIA), University of Barcelona, Spain. International University of Valencia, Spain
- International University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Noemí Pereda
- Research Group on Child and Adolescent Victimisation (GReVIA), University of Barcelona, Spain. International University of Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Georgina Guilera
- Research Group on Child and Adolescent Victimisation (GReVIA), University of Barcelona, Spain. International University of Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Varin M, Liu L, Gabrys R, Gariepy G, MacEachern KH, Weeks M. Increased alcohol use, heavy episodic drinking, and suicide ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE 2022; 114:33-43. [PMID: 36203029 PMCID: PMC9540056 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-022-00689-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol use is a known risk factor for suicidality, yet this relationship has not been explored during the pandemic in Canada. As a growing body of evidence demonstrates the negative impact of COVID-19 on alcohol consumption and associated harms in Canada, there is a need to examine this more closely. METHODS Using the Survey on COVID-19 and Mental Health 2020, we compared the prevalence of suicide ideation among: (1) individuals who reported an increase in alcohol consumption vs those who reported a decrease/no change, and (2) individuals who reported past month heavy episodic drinking vs those who did not. We compared overall unadjusted odds ratios and across a number of sociodemographic and mental health variables. All estimates were weighted to ensure they were nationally representative. RESULTS The prevalence and likelihood of suicide ideation were significantly higher among people who reported increased alcohol consumption during the pandemic (4.9% vs 2.0%; OR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.8, 3.7) and people who reported past month heavy episodic drinking (3.4% vs 2.1%; OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.2, 2.3). Males and middle-aged and older-aged individuals had the highest odds ratios for increased alcohol consumption and past month heavy episodic drinking with suicide ideation. CONCLUSION In the Canadian general population during the COVID-19 pandemic, there were significant associations between suicide ideation and increased alcohol use as well as past month heavy episodic drinking across specific sociodemographic subgroups. Future research could explore these associations while adjusting for social determinants of health such as income security, employment, education, social support, stress, and mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Varin
- Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5H4, Canada.
| | - Li Liu
- Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1S 5H4 Canada
| | - Robert Gabrys
- Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Geneviève Gariepy
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Montreal, QC Canada ,Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Research Centre, Montreal, QC Canada
| | | | - Murray Weeks
- Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1S 5H4 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang X, Liu X, Mi Y, Wang W, Xu H. Resilience and Depressive Symptoms Mediated Pathways from Social Support to Suicidal Ideation Among Undergraduates During the COVID-19 Campus Lockdown in China. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:2291-2301. [PMID: 36039109 PMCID: PMC9419890 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s377158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected people's mental health. The direct and indirect pathways between social support and suicidal ideation in the period are still unclear. This study explores the pathways from social support to suicidal ideation through resilience and depressive symptoms among undergraduates during the COVID-19 campus lockdown. Methods During two weeks of the COVID-19 campus lockdown, a total of 12,945 undergraduates at a university in eastern China completed the questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics, suicidal ideation, social support, resilience, and depressive symptoms. A structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was used to analyze the direct and indirect pathways from social support to suicidal ideation via the mediators of resilience and depressive symptoms. Results Of the 12,917 undergraduates included in this study, 7.4% (n = 955) reported they sometimes had suicidal ideation, 0.8% (n = 109) reported they often had suicidal ideation, 0.9% (n = 122) reported they always had suicidal ideation, and 13.2% (n = 1704) reported they had depressive symptoms. Social support exerted significant direct (β = -0.058), indirect (β = -0.225), and total (β = -0.283) effects on suicidal ideation; 20.5% of the total effect was direct, and 79.5% was indirect. Social support predicted suicidal ideation through resilience (β = -0.038), and depressive symptoms (β = -0.087), explaining 13.4%, and 30.7% of the total effect, respectively. Social support predicted suicidal ideation through the sequential mediation of resilience and depressive symptoms (β = -0.099), explaining 35.0% of the total effect. Conclusion This is the first study to provide the evidence of pathways from social support to suicidal ideation through resilience and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 campus lockdown among undergraduates in China. Both direct and indirect pathways from social support to suicidal ideation were identified as intervention targets to reduce suicidal ideation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Zhang
- School of Management, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Center for Mental Health Education and Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Management, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Center for Mental Health Education and Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Mi
- Center for Mental Health Education and Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Center for Mental Health Education and Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Xu
- School of Management, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Center for Mental Health Education and Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chauvet-Gelinier JC, Roussot A, Vergès B, Petit JM, Jollant F, Quantin C. Hospitalizations for Anorexia Nervosa during the COVID-19 Pandemic in France: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164787. [PMID: 36013026 PMCID: PMC9409983 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a detrimental impact on mental health, including on food-related behaviors. However, little is known about the effect of the pandemic on anorexia nervosa (AN). We sought to assess an association between the COVID-19 pandemic and a potential increase in hospitalizations for AN in France. We compared the number of hospitalizations with a diagnosis of AN during the 21-month period following the onset of the pandemic with the 21-month period before the pandemic using Poisson regression models. We identified a significant increase in hospitalizations for girls aged 10 to 19 years (+45.9%, RR = 1.46[1.43−1.49]; p < 0.0001), and for young women aged 20 to 29 (+7.0%; RR = 1.07[1.04−1.11]; p < 0.0001). Regarding markers of severity, there was an increase in hospitalizations for AN associated with a self-harm diagnosis between the two periods. Multivariate analysis revealed that the risk of being admitted for self-harm with AN increased significantly during the pandemic period among patients aged 20−29 years (aOR = 1.39[1.06−1.81]; p < 0.05 vs. aOR = 1.15[0.87−1.53]; NS), whereas it remained high in patients aged 10 to 19 years (aOR = 2.40[1.89−3.05]; p < 0.0001 vs. aOR = 3.12[2.48−3.98]; p < 0.0001). Furthermore, our results suggest that the pandemic may have had a particular effect on the mental health of young women with AN, with both a sharp increase in hospitalizations and a high risk of self-harming behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Chauvet-Gelinier
- Department of Psychiatry, Dijon University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France
- INSERM, LNC-UMR 1231, University of Burgundy, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Adrien Roussot
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (DIM), Dijon University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Bruno Vergès
- INSERM, LNC-UMR 1231, University of Burgundy, 21078 Dijon, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Dijon University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Michel Petit
- INSERM, LNC-UMR 1231, University of Burgundy, 21078 Dijon, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Dijon University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Fabrice Jollant
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, CMME, 75014 Paris, France
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- Nîmes Academic Hospital (CHU), 30900 Nîmes, France
- Moods Team, INSERM, UMR-1178, CESP, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Catherine Quantin
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (DIM), Dijon University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France
- INSERM, CIC 1432, Clinical Investigation Center, Clinical Epidemiology/Clinical Trials Unit, Dijon University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France
- INSERM, CESP, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 94807 Villejuif, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-38029-3629
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li G, Conti AA, Qiu C, Tang W. Adolescent mobile phone addiction during the COVID-19 pandemic predicts subsequent suicide risk: a two-wave longitudinal study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1537. [PMID: 35962376 PMCID: PMC9372972 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Both the rate of mobile phone addiction and suicidality among adolescents have increased during the pandemic lockdown. However, the relationship between mobile phone addiction and suicide risk and the underlying psychological mechanisms remains unknown. This study examined the associations between mobile phone addiction in adolescents during the first month of lockdown and the suicide risk in the subsequent five months. A two-wave short-term longitudinal web-based survey was conducted on 1609 senior high school students (mean age = 16.53 years, SD = 0.97 years; 63.5% female). At Time 1 (T1), the severity of mobile phone addiction and basic demographic information was collected from Feb 24 to 28, 2020 in Sichuan Province, China (at the pandemic’s peak). Five months later, between July 11 and July 23 (Time 2, T2), mobile phone addiction, daytime sleepiness, depression, and suicidality were measured within the past five months. The regression analysis revealed that mobile phone addiction during quarantine directly predicted suicidality within the next five months, even after controlling for the effect of depression and daytime sleepiness. Meanwhile, mobile phone addiction at T1 also indirectly predicted suicidality at T2, with depression and daytime sleepiness mediating this association. Programs targeting improvement of daytime sleepiness and depressive symptoms may be particularly effective in reducing suicide risk among adolescents with mobile phone addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gangqin Li
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Aldo Alberto Conti
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Changjian Qiu
- Mental Health Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Wanjie Tang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. .,Mental Health Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Huang S, Wang D, Zhao J, Chen H, Ma Z, Pan Y, Liu X, Fan F. Changes in suicidal ideation and related influential factors in college students during the COVID-19 lockdown in China. Psychiatry Res 2022; 314:114653. [PMID: 35671561 PMCID: PMC9404404 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the patterns and predictors of suicidal ideation (SI) trajectories among college students during extended lockdowns in China. A three-wave survey was conducted during the outbreak period, remission period, and prevention period of COVID-19. Distinct patterns of SI trajectories were established by grouping respondents based on temporal changes in SI. Multivariate logistic regressions were performed to examine predictors for delay-occurrence and persistent SI. From a total of 35,516 college students included in the study, rates of SI increased significantly from T1 to T2 (7.3% v. 9.4%) and from T2 to T3 (9.4% v. 12.6%). Five SI trajectories were observed: resilient (80.5% of the sample), recovery (3.6%), relapsing/remitting (4.8%), persistent dysfunction (2.3%) and delayed dysfunction (8.7%). Further, junior-year undergraduates, postgraduates, only-child families, mental health history, confirmed cases in the community of residence, depressive symptoms, and negative coping strategies were significant predictors of distinct SI trajectories, whereas greater social support, more positive coping strategies, and better family functioning were associated with a lower probability of developing delayed or persistent dysfunction during the lockdown period. These findings suggest that continuous preventive and intervening measures for college students during COVID-19 lockdowns are of global importance, particularly among vulnerable groups who experience the most distress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuiqing Huang
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingbo Zhao
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huilin Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, UK
| | - Zijuan Ma
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Pan
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianchen Liu
- Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fang Fan
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mental Health Consequences of COVID-19 Pandemic Period in the European Population: An Institutional Challenge. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159347. [PMID: 35954706 PMCID: PMC9367746 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide spread of SARS-CoV-2 has been responsible for an infectious pandemic, with repercussions on socio-economic aspects and on the physical and mental health of the general population. The present systematic review aimed to evaluate the data belonging to the European framework, analyzing the population by age group. Original articles and reviews on the state of mental health of the general European population have been researched starting from 2021. Initially, a total of 1764 studies were found, among which a total of 75 were selected. Youth were the age group most affected by pandemic consequences on mental health, with emotional and behavioral alterations observed from a third to more than a half of children and adolescents examined. Among both adolescents and adults, the female gender had a higher prevalence of psychopathological symptoms. The main risk factors were poor social support, economic difficulties, and, in particular, unemployment or job changes. Additional individual risk factors were the perception of loneliness, the presence of pre-pandemic mental illness/distress, and some personality traits, such as neuroticism, impulsiveness, and the use of maladaptive coping strategies. Unexpectedly, the elderly maintained good resilience towards change, even if a stress factor was represented by the feeling of loneliness and poor social contact. As regards suicidal behaviors, among adolescents, there was an increase in attempts of 25%, with a greater risk for the female gender. This risk increased also among adults, in association with symptoms of anxiety and depression, and poor socio-environmental conditions. In conclusion, some population groups were found to be at greater risk of psychological burden during pandemic waves, thus representing priority targets for socio-health interventions.
Collapse
|
29
|
Yassin A, Al-Mistarehi AH, Soudah O, Karasneh R, Al-Azzam S, Qarqash AA, Khasawneh AG, Alhayk KA, Al Qawasmeh M, Kofahi RM, Bashayreh SY, El-Salem K. Trends of Prevalence Estimates and Risk Factors of Depressive Symptoms among Healthcare Workers Over one Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2022; 18:e174501792206160. [PMID: 37274865 PMCID: PMC10158079 DOI: 10.2174/17450179-v18-e2206160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Background COVID-19 pandemic has an overwhelming psychologic burden on healthcare workers (HCWs). This study aims to investigate the changes in the prevalence, estimates, severity, and risk factors of depressive symptoms among HCWs within the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods An observational e-survey collected data on HCWs' socio-demographic characteristics, occupational situation, and depressive symptoms as measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The e-survey was distributed one month after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (onset group) and again after one year (one-year group). Results A total of 422 HCWs were included (Mean (SD) age, 35.3 (9.9) years; 71.3% males), with 211 (50%) participants in each group. In the total cohort, the mean PHQ-9 score was 8.5, and 36.7% reported clinically significant levels of depressive symptoms with a PHQ-9 score of ≥10. Compared to the onset group, the one-year group reported a higher risk of major depressive disorder (41.7% vs. 31.8%; OR 1.538; 95%CI 1.032-2.291; p=0.034), a higher mean PHQ-9 score (9.5 (6.8) vs. 7.4 (5.3), p<0.001), and more severe depressive symptoms (p<0.005). Participants who were younger, unmarried, underwent testing for COVID-19, reported lower monthly income, did not receive special COVID-19 education, or had lower satisfaction with institutional preparedness had significantly higher depression scores and symptoms in both onset and one-year groups (p<0.05 for each category). Female gender and direct contact with COVID-19 patients or samples were significant risk factors within the onset group. Occupation as a physician, history of COVID-19 testing or infection, and perception of significant changes in work schedule or intensity were significantly associated with higher depression scores and symptoms among the one-year group. Conclusion This study sheds light on an unspoken but significant rise in prevalence estimates and severity of depressive symptoms among HCWs over a year of the COVID-19 pandemic and shows the vulnerable subgroups for whom a psychological intervention might be warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Yassin
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Abdel-Hameed Al-Mistarehi
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ola Soudah
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Reema Karasneh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sayer Al-Azzam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Aref A. Qarqash
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Aws G. Khasawneh
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Kefah A. Alhayk
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Majdi Al Qawasmeh
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Raid M. Kofahi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Salma Y. Bashayreh
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Khalid El-Salem
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lara E, Miret M, Olaya B, Caballero FF, Morillo D, Moneta MV, Haro JM, Ayuso-Mateos JL. Cohort Profile: The Spanish Longitudinal Study on Ageing and Health (Edad Con Salud). Int J Epidemiol 2022; 51:e189-e199. [PMID: 35712861 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyac118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Lara
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain.,CIBERSAM (CIBER of Mental Health), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Miret
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.,CIBERSAM (CIBER of Mental Health), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Olaya
- CIBERSAM (CIBER of Mental Health), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Félix Caballero
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.,IdiPaz (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz), Madrid, Spain.,CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Morillo
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain.,CIBERSAM (CIBER of Mental Health), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Victoria Moneta
- CIBERSAM (CIBER of Mental Health), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- CIBERSAM (CIBER of Mental Health), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain.,CIBERSAM (CIBER of Mental Health), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Canal-Rivero M, Armesto-Luque L, Rubio-García A, Rodriguez-Menéndez G, Garrido-Torres N, Capitán L, Luque A, Crespo-Facorro B, Ruiz-Veguilla M. Trauma and stressor-related disorders among health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic and the role of the gender: A prospective longitudinal survey. J Affect Disord 2022; 302:110-122. [PMID: 35032507 PMCID: PMC8755453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Health-care Workers (HCW) are facing a critical situation caused by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) which could impact on their mental health status. In addition, HCW women have been identified as a group at high-risk of developing psychological distress, although no previous longitudinal studies have explored this issue in a sample of HCW. AIMS The main aim of the study was to observe the temporal pattern of the stress reactions among HCW as well as to explore its potential predictors of poor outcome. Moreover, we analyzed possible gender differences in stress reaction responses. METHODS One thousand for hundred and thirty-two HCW responded an online survey including sociodemographic, clinical, and psychometric tests in May 2020 while 251 HCW answered in November 2020. Bivariate and multivariate analyses as well as repeated measures analyses were used to achieve the aims of the study. RESULTS The proportion of HCW who fulfilled Acute Stress Disorder criteria did not change over the follow-up period, although we observed a significant improvement in stress reactions responses among HCW. Proximal factors were the most salient predictors of traumatic reactions. Repeated analyses revealed significant gender differences in acute stress reactions. In addition, women showed significantly greater improvement than men in re-experiencing the traumatic event and hyperarousal dimensions. CONCLUSIONS Monitoring of working conditions as well as emotional reactions in HCW facing major disasters should be carried out to prevent the development of peritraumatic stress reactions. In addition, HCW women are characterized by a different pattern of progression in stress responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Canal-Rivero
- Mental Health Unit, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Translational Psychiatry Group, Seville Biomedical Research Institute (IBiS), Seville, Spain; Spanish Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Rubio-García
- Mental Health Unit, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Translational Psychiatry Group, Seville Biomedical Research Institute (IBiS), Seville, Spain
| | | | - Nathalia Garrido-Torres
- Mental Health Unit, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Translational Psychiatry Group, Seville Biomedical Research Institute (IBiS), Seville, Spain; Spanish Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Capitán
- Mental Health Unit, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Asunción Luque
- Mental Health Unit, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Mental Health Unit, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Translational Psychiatry Group, Seville Biomedical Research Institute (IBiS), Seville, Spain; Spanish Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Veguilla
- Mental Health Unit, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Seville, Spain; Translational Psychiatry Group, Seville Biomedical Research Institute (IBiS), Seville, Spain; Spanish Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Crisol-Deza D, Poma-Ramírez D, Pacherres-López A, Noriega-Baella C, Villanueva-Zúñiga L, Salvador-Carrillo J, Huarcaya-Victoria J. Factors associated with suicidal ideation among medical students during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru: A multicenter study. DEATH STUDIES 2022; 47:183-191. [PMID: 35201957 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2022.2042752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to describe the prevalence and factors associated with suicidal ideation in a sample of 1238 medical students from different medical schools in Peru based on question 9 of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Our results revealed that 17.9% of the participants had suicidal ideation. Furthermore, using logistic regression, we found that not practicing any religion, the presence of clinically significant depression, and the presence of clinically significant anxiety were statistically related to the presence of suicidal ideation. Our results indicate that suicidal ideation was highly prevalent in the sample of medical students studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Crisol-Deza
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Perú
- Red de Eficacia Clínica y Sanitaria, REDECS, Lima, Perú
| | - Diana Poma-Ramírez
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista (SOCIEM - UPSJB), Lima, Perú
| | - Andrés Pacherres-López
- Centro de Investigación en Educación Médica, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Perú
| | | | | | - José Salvador-Carrillo
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Filial Chincha, Perú
| | - Jeff Huarcaya-Victoria
- Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Perú
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Servicio de Psiquiatría de Adultos, Unidad de Psiquiatría de Enlace, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Seguro Social de Salud EsSalud, Lima, Perú
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Miranda-Mendizabal A, Recoder S, Sebastian EC, Casajuana Closas M, Leiva Ureña D, Manolov R, Matilla Santander N, Forero CG, Castellví P. Socio-economic and psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic in a Spanish cohort BIOVAL-D-COVID-19 study protocol. GACETA SANITARIA 2022; 36:70-73. [PMID: 34836679 PMCID: PMC8526442 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has a negative psychological impact among general population. Data comparing mental health status before and during the outbreak is needed. The BIOVAL-D-COVID-19 study assess the socio-economic and psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown in a representative sample of non-institutionalized Spanish adult population, and estimate the incidence of mental health disorders, including suicidal behaviours, and possible related factors. METHOD Observational longitudinal study including two online surveys: baseline survey (T0) performed during 2019 and follow-up survey (T1) conducted 12-month later. The latter included nine sections: socio-demographic, health status, mental health, employment conditions and status, material deprivation, use of healthcare services, intimate partner violence and resilience. Four of the nine sections are administered in T0 and T1 assessments. Longitudinal data analyses will estimate adjusted incidence rates of mental health disorders using Poisson regression models. Risk and protective factors will be analysed through multiple logistic regression models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Miranda-Mendizabal
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Recoder
- Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marc Casajuana Closas
- Institut Universitari de Investigació en Atenció Primaria Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Leiva Ureña
- Departament of Psychology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rumen Manolov
- Departament of Psychology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carlos G Forero
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pere Castellví
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Efstathiou V, Stefanou MI, Siafakas N, Makris M, Tsivgoulis G, Zoumpourlis V, Spandidos DA, Smyrnis N, Rizos E. Suicidality and COVID-19: Suicidal ideation, suicidal behaviors and completed suicides amidst the COVID-19 pandemic (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:107. [PMID: 34976149 PMCID: PMC8674972 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.11030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the outbreak of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there has been widespread concern that social isolation, financial stress, depression, limited or variable access to health care services and other pandemic-related stressors may contribute to an increase in suicidal behaviors. In patients who have recovered from COVID-19, an increased risk of developing suicidal behaviors may be noted, while post-COVID syndrome comprises another potential risk factor contributing to increased suicidal behaviors. Despite the initial alarming predictions for an increase in suicide rates due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the majority of published studies to date suggest that experienced difficulties and distress do not inevitably translate into an increased number of suicide-related deaths, at least not in the short-term. Nevertheless, the long-term mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have yet to be unfolded and are likely to remain for a long period of time. Suicide prevention and measures aiming at promoting well-being and mitigating the effects of COVID-19 on mental health, particularly among vulnerable groups, should thus be a priority for healthcare professionals and policymakers amidst the evolving COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Efstathiou
- Second Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Attikon’ University General Hospital, Athens 12462, Greece
| | - Maria-Ioanna Stefanou
- Second Department of Neurology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Attikon’ University General Hospital, Athens 12462, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Siafakas
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Attikon’ University General Hospital, Athens 12462, Greece
| | - Michael Makris
- Allergy Unit, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Attikon’ University General Hospital, Athens 12462, Greece
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Attikon’ University General Hospital, Athens 12462, Greece
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Vassilios Zoumpourlis
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Smyrnis
- Second Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Attikon’ University General Hospital, Athens 12462, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Rizos
- Second Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Attikon’ University General Hospital, Athens 12462, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li L, Zhang Q, Zhu L, Zeng G, Huang H, Zhuge J, Kuang X, Yang S, Yang D, Chen Z, Gan Y, Lu Z, Wu C. Screen time and depression risk: A meta-analysis of cohort studies. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1058572. [PMID: 36620668 PMCID: PMC9815119 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1058572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of screen time on mental health, including depression, has attracted increasing attention from not only children and adolescents but also the elderly. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis of cohort studies to evaluate the association between screen time and depression risk. METHODS The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched for cohort studies up to May 2022, and the reference lists of the included studies were also retrieved. A random-effect model was used to estimate the combined effect size. Heterogeneity was assessed with the I 2 statistic. Potential publication bias was evaluated using a funnel plot and Begg's and Egger's tests. RESULTS The final analysis included 18 cohort studies with a combined total of 241,398 participants. The pooled risk ratio (RR) was 1.10 (95% confidence interval: 1.05-1.14), with significant heterogeneity (I 2 = 82.7%, P < 0.001). The results of subgroup analyses showed that the pooled RRs varied according to geographic locations, gender, age group, screen time in the control group, depression at the baseline, and whether the study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. No obvious evidence of publication bias was found. CONCLUSION This study indicates that screen time is a predictor of depressive symptoms. The effects of screen time on depression risk may vary based on the participant's age, gender, location, and screen time duration. The findings could have important implications for the prevention of depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Li
- Research Center of Health Policy and Innovation, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Research Center of Health Policy and Innovation, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liyong Zhu
- Research Center of Health Policy and Innovation, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guohua Zeng
- School of Economics and Management, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hongwei Huang
- Department of Health Management Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian Zhuge
- Research Center of Health Policy and Innovation, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaorui Kuang
- Research Center of Health Policy and Innovation, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Sule Yang
- Research Center of Health Policy and Innovation, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Di Yang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhensheng Chen
- Research Center of Health Policy and Innovation, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yong Gan
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zuxun Lu
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chunmei Wu
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Santomauro DF, Mantilla Herrera AM, Shadid J, Zheng P, Ashbaugh C, Pigott DM, Abbafati C, Adolph C, Amlag JO, Aravkin AY, Bang-Jensen BL, Bertolacci GJ, Bloom SS, Castellano R, Castro E, Chakrabarti S, Chattopadhyay J, Cogen RM, Collins JK, Dai X, Dangel WJ, Dapper C, Deen A, Erickson M, Ewald SB, Flaxman AD, Frostad JJ, Fullman N, Giles JR, Giref AZ, Guo G, He J, Helak M, Hulland EN, Idrisov B, Lindstrom A, Linebarger E, Lotufo PA, Lozano R, Magistro B, Malta DC, Månsson JC, Marinho F, Mokdad AH, Monasta L, Naik P, Nomura S, O'Halloran JK, Ostroff SM, Pasovic M, Penberthy L, Reiner Jr RC, Reinke G, Ribeiro ALP, Sholokhov A, Sorensen RJD, Varavikova E, Vo AT, Walcott R, Watson S, Wiysonge CS, Zigler B, Hay SI, Vos T, Murray CJL, Whiteford HA, Ferrari AJ. Global prevalence and burden of depressive and anxiety disorders in 204 countries and territories in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet 2021; 398:1700-1712. [PMID: 34634250 PMCID: PMC8500697 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)02143-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1890] [Impact Index Per Article: 630.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Before 2020, mental disorders were leading causes of the global health-related burden, with depressive and anxiety disorders being leading contributors to this burden. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has created an environment where many determinants of poor mental health are exacerbated. The need for up-to-date information on the mental health impacts of COVID-19 in a way that informs health system responses is imperative. In this study, we aimed to quantify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence and burden of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders globally in 2020. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of data reporting the prevalence of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic and published between Jan 1, 2020, and Jan 29, 2021. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, preprint servers, grey literature sources, and consulted experts. Eligible studies reported prevalence of depressive or anxiety disorders that were representative of the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic and had a pre-pandemic baseline. We used the assembled data in a meta-regression to estimate change in the prevalence of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders between pre-pandemic and mid-pandemic (using periods as defined by each study) via COVID-19 impact indicators (human mobility, daily SARS-CoV-2 infection rate, and daily excess mortality rate). We then used this model to estimate the change from pre-pandemic prevalence (estimated using Disease Modelling Meta-Regression version 2.1 [known as DisMod-MR 2.1]) by age, sex, and location. We used final prevalence estimates and disability weights to estimate years lived with disability and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders. FINDINGS We identified 5683 unique data sources, of which 48 met inclusion criteria (46 studies met criteria for major depressive disorder and 27 for anxiety disorders). Two COVID-19 impact indicators, specifically daily SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and reductions in human mobility, were associated with increased prevalence of major depressive disorder (regression coefficient [B] 0·9 [95% uncertainty interval 0·1 to 1·8; p=0·029] for human mobility, 18·1 [7·9 to 28·3; p=0·0005] for daily SARS-CoV-2 infection) and anxiety disorders (0·9 [0·1 to 1·7; p=0·022] and 13·8 [10·7 to 17·0; p<0·0001]. Females were affected more by the pandemic than males (B 0·1 [0·1 to 0·2; p=0·0001] for major depressive disorder, 0·1 [0·1 to 0·2; p=0·0001] for anxiety disorders) and younger age groups were more affected than older age groups (-0·007 [-0·009 to -0·006; p=0·0001] for major depressive disorder, -0·003 [-0·005 to -0·002; p=0·0001] for anxiety disorders). We estimated that the locations hit hardest by the pandemic in 2020, as measured with decreased human mobility and daily SARS-CoV-2 infection rate, had the greatest increases in prevalence of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders. We estimated an additional 53·2 million (44·8 to 62·9) cases of major depressive disorder globally (an increase of 27·6% [25·1 to 30·3]) due to the COVID-19 pandemic, such that the total prevalence was 3152·9 cases (2722·5 to 3654·5) per 100 000 population. We also estimated an additional 76·2 million (64·3 to 90·6) cases of anxiety disorders globally (an increase of 25·6% [23·2 to 28·0]), such that the total prevalence was 4802·4 cases (4108·2 to 5588·6) per 100 000 population. Altogether, major depressive disorder caused 49·4 million (33·6 to 68·7) DALYs and anxiety disorders caused 44·5 million (30·2 to 62·5) DALYs globally in 2020. INTERPRETATION This pandemic has created an increased urgency to strengthen mental health systems in most countries. Mitigation strategies could incorporate ways to promote mental wellbeing and target determinants of poor mental health and interventions to treat those with a mental disorder. Taking no action to address the burden of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders should not be an option. FUNDING Queensland Health, National Health and Medical Research Council, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
Collapse
|
37
|
Min S, Jeong YH, Kim J, Koo JW, Ahn YM. The Aftermath: Post-pandemic Psychiatric Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic, a South Korean Perspective. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:671722. [PMID: 34744808 PMCID: PMC8566744 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.671722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted our everyday life. Along with the fear of getting infected or of having loved ones infected, the lifestyle changes and the socioeconomic consequences of the pandemic have profound impact on mental health of the general population. While numerous studies on immediate psychological responses to COVID-19 are being published, there is a lack of discussion on its possible long-term sequelae. In this study, we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed longitudinal studies that examined mental health of the general population prior to and during the pandemic. Furthermore, we explored the long-term psychiatric implications of the pandemic with data from South Korea. Our analysis showed that the number of suicidal deaths during the pandemic was lower than the previous years in many countries, which is in contrast with the increased depression, anxiety, and psychological distress in the general population in South Korea as well as in other countries. To explain this phenomenon, we propose a possibility of delayed impacts. The post-traumatic stress, long-term consequences of social restrictions, and maladaptive response to the "new normal" are discussed in the paper. COVID-19 being an unprecedented global crisis, more research and international collaboration are needed to understand, to treat, and to prevent its long-term effects on our mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sooyeon Min
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Ha Jeong
- Research Headquarters, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jeongyeon Kim
- Research Headquarters, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ja Wook Koo
- Research Headquarters, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yong Min Ahn
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|