1
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Wang T, Tan HS, Wang AJ, Li SS, Feng JJ. Fluorescent metal nanoclusters: From luminescence mechanism to applications in enzyme activity assays. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 257:116323. [PMID: 38669842 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters (MNCs) have outstanding fluorescence property and biocompatibility, which show widespread applications in biological analysis. Particularly, evaluation of enzyme activity with the fluorescent MNCs has been developed rapidly within the past several years. In this review, we first introduced the fluorescent mechanism of mono- and bi-metallic nanoclusters, respectively, whose interesting luminescence properties are mainly resulted from electron transfer between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels. Meanwhile, the charge migration within the structure occurs through ligand-metal charge transfer (LMCT) or ligand-metal-metal charge transfer (LMMCT). On such foundation, diverse enzyme activities were rigorously evaluated, including three transferases and nine hydrolases, in turn harvesting rapid research progresses within past 5 years. Finally, we summarized the design strategies for evaluating enzyme activity with the MNCs, presented the major issues and challenges remained in the relevant research, coupled by showing some improvement measures. This review will attract researchers dedicated to the studies of the MNCs and provide some constructive insights for their further applications in enzyme analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Tan
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ai-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Jiu-Ju Feng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
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2
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Dominique NL, Jensen IM, Kaur G, Kotseos CQ, Boggess WC, Jenkins DM, Camden JP. Giving Gold Wings: Ultrabright and Fragmentation Free Mass Spectrometry Reporters for Barcoding, Bioconjugation Monitoring, and Data Storage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202219182. [PMID: 36853583 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202219182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The widespread application of laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) highlights the need for a bright and multiplexable labeling platform. While ligand-capped Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) have emerged as a promising LDI-MS contrast agent, the predominant thiol ligands suffer from low ion yields and extensive fragmentation. In this work, we develop a N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand platform that enhances AuNP LDI-MS performance. NHC scaffolds are tuned to generate barcoded AuNPs which, when benchmarked against thiol-AuNPs, are bright mass tags and form unfragmented ions in high yield. To illustrate the transformative potential of NHC ligands, the mass tags were employed in three orthogonal applications: monitoring a bioconjugation reaction, performing multiplexed imaging, and storing and reading encoded information. These results demonstrate that NHC-nanoparticle systems are an ideal platform for LDI-MS and greatly broaden the scope of nanoparticle contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel L Dominique
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Isabel M Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Gurkiran Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Chandler Q Kotseos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - William C Boggess
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - David M Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Jon P Camden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
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3
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Itterheimová P, Dosedělová V, Kubáň P. Use of metal nanoparticles for preconcentration and analysis of biological thiols. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:135-157. [PMID: 35892259 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit several unique physicochemical properties, including redox activity, surface plasmon resonance, ability to quench fluorescence, biocompatibility, or a high surface-to-volume ratio. They are being increasingly used in analysis and preconcentration of thiol containing compounds, because they are able to spontaneously form a stable Au/Ag/Cu-S dative bond. They thus find wide application in environmental and particularly in medical science, especially in the analysis of biological thiols, the endogenous compounds that play a significant role in many biological systems. In this review article, we provide an overview of various types of NPs that have been applied in analysis and preconcentration of biological thiols, mainly in human biological fluids. We first discuss shortly the types of NPs and their synthesis, properties, and their ability to interact with thiol compounds. Then we outline the sample preconcentration and analysis methods that were used for this purpose with special emphasis on optical, electrochemical, and separation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Itterheimová
- Department of Bioanalytical Instrumentation, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Dosedělová
- Department of Bioanalytical Instrumentation, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kubáň
- Department of Bioanalytical Instrumentation, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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4
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Qiu Z, Zheng Z, Song Z, Sun Y, Shan Q, Lin Z, Xie Z. Co 3O 4 nanocrystals as matrices for the detection of amino acids, harmful additives and pesticide residues by MALDI-TOF MS. Talanta 2022; 242:123299. [PMID: 35183982 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Research of detection of low molecular weight compounds on human health and biological systems become increasingly important. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), a soft ionization equipment, is a rapid, reliable, high-sensitivity, high-throughput and simple test instrument. However, the application of MALDI-TOF MS in the analysis of small molecules (<500 Da) has become a great challenge because of the interference from the conventional matrices in low mass region when using conventional matrices. In this research, tricobalt tetraoxide (Co3O4) nanocrystals with rich surface hydroxyl groups were synthesized and served as novel matrices for the detection of small molecules by MALDI-TOF MS. In comparison with conventional organic matrices, the use of as-prepared Co3O4 nanocrystal matrices showed little matrix background interference, good reproducibility and high signal intensity in the analyses of amino acids, harmful additives and pesticide residues. For the detection of most amino acids, Co3O4 nanocrystal matrices have good detection performance both in the positive and negative ion modes and have a unique decarboxylation peak in the positive ion mode, which is conducive to the identification of amino acids. In addition, Co3O4 nanocrystals are completely feasible to test triadimefon, pirimicarb and other pesticide residues, as well as additives such as bisphenol A and melamine in the positive ion mode. It is also feasible to detect small molecule compounds in practical samples using Co3O4 nanocrystals as matrices. We believe the work provides an alternative approach for the detection of small molecules and expands the application scope of Co3O4 nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zufeng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhiping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhijia Song
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yunchao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qiheng Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhiwei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Zhaoxiong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China; Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
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Maghari S, Reimhult E, Ghezellou P, Ghassempour A. Modifying superparamagnetic iron oxide and silica nanoparticles surfaces for efficient (MA)LDI-MS analyses of peptides and proteins. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9212. [PMID: 34661948 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Surface functionalization is considered to be the foundation for developing nanomaterial applications in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) analyses. However, the surface properties of nanostructures can influence their interaction with the analyte and consequently the mass data. In the present study, functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) were used for MALDI-MS and laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) experiments in order to evaluate the effect of the surface properties of NPs on tailoring the intensity of mass signals. METHODS Regarding the LDI-MS analyses, the surface of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) was coated with nitrosonium tetrafluoroborate, citric acid, nitrodopamine, and gallic acid. Additionally, the SPIONs were applied as a matrix to analyze three small peptides. In the MALDI-MS analyses, silica NPs were selected as co-matrix and functionalized with cysteine, sulfobetaine, and amine alkoxysilanes. Then, the silica NPs were utilized as additives in the MALDI-MS samples of four proteins in a mass range between ~2000 and 60,000 Da. RESULTS The results of LDI-MS analyses demonstrated more than one order enhancement in the signal intensity of analytes based on the amount of electrostatic interaction and laser energy absorption by the surface ligands. However, those of MALDI-MS experiments indicated a significant signal improvement when achieving the colloidal stability of silica NPs in the matrix solution. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results, the surface properties of NPs affected the (MA)LDI-MS analyses indispensably. Finally, the functionalization of SPIONs represented a new model for the future development of NPs with both affinity and enhanced ionization abilities in mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokoofeh Maghari
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erik Reimhult
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Biologically Inspired Materials, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Parviz Ghezellou
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany
| | - Alireza Ghassempour
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Ding Y, Pei C, Shu W, Wan J. Inorganic Matrices Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Metabolic Analysis in Bio-fluids. Chem Asian J 2021; 17:e202101310. [PMID: 34964274 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic analysis in bio-fluids interprets the end products in the bio-process, emerging as an irreplaceable disease diagnosis and monitoring platform. Laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI MS) based metabolic analysis exhibits great potential for clinical applications in terms of high throughput, rapid signal readout, and minimal sample preparation. There are two essential elements to construct the LDI MS-based metabolic analysis: 1) well-designed nanomaterials as matrices; 2) machine learning algorithms for data analysis. This review highlights the development of various inorganic matrices to comprehend the advantages of LDI MS in metabolite detection and the recent diagnostic applications based on target metabolite detection and untargeted metabolic fingerprints in biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Ding
- East China Normal University, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, CHINA
| | - Congcong Pei
- East China Normal University, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, CHINA
| | - Weikang Shu
- East China Normal University, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, CHINA
| | - Jingjing Wan
- East China Normal University, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, No.500, Dongchuan Road, Minghang District, 200241, Shanghai, CHINA
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7
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Ma W, Li J, Li X, Bai Y, Liu H. Nanostructured Substrates as Matrices for Surface Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry: A Progress Report from Material Research to Biomedical Applications. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100762. [PMID: 34927930 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Within the past two decades, the escalation of research output in nanotechnology fields has boosted the development of novel nanoparticles and nanostructured substrates for use as matrices in surface assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI-MS). The application of nanomaterials as matrices, rather than organic matrices, offers remarkable characteristics that allow the analysis of small molecules with fewer matrix interfering peaks, and share higher detection sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility. The technological advancement of SALDI-MS has in turn, propelled the application of the analytical technique in the field of biomedical analysis. In this review, the properties and fabrication methods of nanostructured substrates in SALDI-MS such as metallic-, carbon-, and silicon-based nanostructures, quantum dots, metal-organic frameworks, and covalent-organic frameworks are described. Additionally, the latest progress (most within 5 years) of biomedical applications in small molecule, large biomolecule, and MS imaging analysis including metabolite profiling, drug monitoring, bacteria identification, disease diagnosis, and therapeutic evaluation are demonstrated. Key parameters that govern nanomaterial's SALDI efficiency in biomolecule analysis are also discussed. Finally, perspectives of the future development are given to provide a better advancement and promote practical application in clinical MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xianjiang Li
- Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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8
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Yang TL, Huang CL, Lee CP. Utilizing AgNPt-SALDI to Classify Edible Oils by Multivariate Statistics of Triacylglycerol Profile. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195880. [PMID: 34641425 PMCID: PMC8510378 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible oils are valuable sources of nutrients, and their classification is necessary to ensure high quality, which is essential to food safety. This study reports the establishment of a rapid and straightforward SALDI-TOF MS platform used to detect triacylglycerol (TAG) in various edible oils. Silver nanoplates (AgNPts) were used to optimize the SALDI samples for high sensitivity and reproducibility of TAG signals. TAG fingerprints were combined with multivariate statistics to identify the critical features of edible oil discrimination. Eleven various edible oils were discriminated using principal component analysis (PCA). The results suggested the creation of a robust platform that can examine food adulteration and food fraud, potentially ensuring high-quality foods and agricultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ling Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan; (T.-L.Y.); (C.-L.H.)
| | - Cheng-Liang Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan; (T.-L.Y.); (C.-L.H.)
| | - Chu-Ping Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Ielo I, Rando G, Giacobello F, Sfameni S, Castellano A, Galletta M, Drommi D, Rosace G, Plutino MR. Synthesis, Chemical-Physical Characterization, and Biomedical Applications of Functional Gold Nanoparticles: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:5823. [PMID: 34641367 PMCID: PMC8510367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Relevant properties of gold nanoparticles, such as stability and biocompatibility, together with their peculiar optical and electronic behavior, make them excellent candidates for medical and biological applications. This review describes the different approaches to the synthesis, surface modification, and characterization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) related to increasing their stability and available features useful for employment as drug delivery systems or in hyperthermia and photothermal therapy. The synthetic methods reported span from the well-known Turkevich synthesis, reduction with NaBH4 with or without citrate, seeding growth, ascorbic acid-based, green synthesis, and Brust-Schiffrin methods. Furthermore, the nanosized functionalization of the AuNP surface brought about the formation of self-assembled monolayers through the employment of polymer coatings as capping agents covalently bonded to the nanoparticles. The most common chemical-physical characterization techniques to determine the size, shape and surface coverage of AuNPs are described underlining the structure-activity correlation in the frame of their applications in the biomedical and biotechnology sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Ielo
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN—CNR, Palermo, c/o Department of ChiBioFarAm, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy; (I.I.); (F.G.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Giulia Rando
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Analytical Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.R.); (M.G.); (D.D.)
| | - Fausta Giacobello
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN—CNR, Palermo, c/o Department of ChiBioFarAm, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy; (I.I.); (F.G.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Silvia Sfameni
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN—CNR, Palermo, c/o Department of ChiBioFarAm, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy; (I.I.); (F.G.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada di Dio, S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Castellano
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN—CNR, Palermo, c/o Department of ChiBioFarAm, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy; (I.I.); (F.G.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Maurilio Galletta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Analytical Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.R.); (M.G.); (D.D.)
| | - Dario Drommi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Analytical Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.R.); (M.G.); (D.D.)
| | - Giuseppe Rosace
- Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Bergamo, Viale Marconi 5, 24044 Dalmine, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Plutino
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN—CNR, Palermo, c/o Department of ChiBioFarAm, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy; (I.I.); (F.G.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
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10
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Wang S, Lin W, Dai J, Chen Y, Chen Y, Chau L. Detection of amphetamine‐type stimulants using sample derivatization and
SALDI‐TOF‐MS. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202100323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo‐Feng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry National Chung Cheng University Chiayi Taiwan ROC
| | - Wen‐Yu Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry National Chung Cheng University Chiayi Taiwan ROC
| | - Jia‐Shan Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry National Chung Cheng University Chiayi Taiwan ROC
| | - Yen‐Ling Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry National Chung Cheng University Chiayi Taiwan ROC
- Center for Nano Bio‐Detection National Chung Cheng University Chiayi Taiwan ROC
| | - Yung‐fou Chen
- Department of Forensic Sciences Central Police University Taoyuan Taiwan ROC
| | - Lai‐Kwan Chau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry National Chung Cheng University Chiayi Taiwan ROC
- Center for Nano Bio‐Detection National Chung Cheng University Chiayi Taiwan ROC
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11
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Murase M, Yamada Y, Goto Y, Mizoshita N. Hybrid Surface Design of Organosilica Films for Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Low Free Energy Surface with Interactive Sites. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:6397-6405. [PMID: 34002607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) assisted by solid substrates is useful for the facile and rapid analysis of low-molecular-weight compounds. The LDI performance of solid substrates depends on not only a surface morphology but also the surface functionalities dominating the surface-analyte interactions. In this study, we propose a hybrid surface design for LDI substrates, realizing both weak surface-analyte interaction and homogeneous distribution of analytes. The hybrid surface consisted of a mixture of fluoroalkylsilane (FAS), SiO2, and TiO2 and was formed on organosilica substrates containing UV-laser-absorbing naphthalimide moieties. To investigate the surface interactions, the hybrid surface as well as conventional hydrophobic surfaces treated with FAS only were prepared on flat organosilica films. Contact angle measurements and surface free energy analysis showed that the hybrid surface exhibited the highest hydrophobicity, while the contribution of the polar and hydrogen bonding terms in the surface free energy was clearly observed. The organosilica film with the hybrid surface demonstrated significant LDI performance for the detection of biorelated compounds (e.g., peptides, phospholipids, and medicines), and a high detection ability was particularly observed for peptides. The substrate surface promoted the desorption/ionization of analytes through a low surface free energy and uniform distribution of the analytes due to the interactive sites. The hybrid surface design was then applied to a nanostructured organosilica substrate consisting of a base film and a nanoparticle layer. The signal intensity of a peptide was further improved approximately 3-fold owing to the increased surface area of the nanostructured substrate, and the limit of detection reached the subfemtomole order. Our hybrid surface design is expected to improve the LDI performance of various nanostructured solid substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Murase
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories, Inc., Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Yuri Yamada
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories, Inc., Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Goto
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories, Inc., Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
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12
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A Label-Free Fluorometric Glutathione Assay Based on a Conformational Switch of G-quadruplex. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092743. [PMID: 34066991 PMCID: PMC8124632 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a label-free fluorescent method for glutathione (GSH) detection based on a thioflavin T/G-quadruplex conformational switch is developed. The sensing assay is fabricated depending on the virtue of mercury ions to form a thymine–thymine mismatch, which collapses the distance between two ssDNA and directs the guanine-rich part to form an intra-strand asymmetric split G-quadruplex. The newly formed G-quadruplex efficiently reacts with thioflavin T and enhances the fluorescent intensity. In the presence of GSH, Hg2+ is absorbed, destroying the G-quadruplex formation with a significant decrease in fluorescence emission. The proposed fluorescent assay exhibits a linear range between 0.03–5 μM of GSH with a detection limit of 9.8 nM. Furthermore, the efficacy of this method is examined using human serum samples to detect GSH. Besides GSH, other amino acids are also investigated in standard samples, which display satisfactory sensitivity and selectivity. Above all, we develop a method with features including potentiality, facility, sensitivity, and selectivity for analyzing GSH for clinical diagnostics.
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13
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Fang F, Liu SJ, Fan XJ, Yang YS, Li Z. A curcumin-analogous fluorescent sensor for cysteine detection with a bilateral-response click-like mechanism. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 245:118879. [PMID: 32920440 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel curcumin-analogous fluorescent sensor, DNP, was developed for cysteine detection with a bilateral-response click-like mechanism. DNP indicated high selectivity and practical sensitivity. It could recognize Cys from other biologically relevant molecules, especially, from GSH and Hcy. The most interesting point was that, with typical azide groups for sensing, DNP indicated a covalent binding procedure with Cys instead of a presupposed simple reduction for reductive sulfide. Moreover, the recognition occurred at both sides of the sensor. DNP could be utilized into the detection of endogenous and exogenous Cys in living cells. Though the specific optical performances of DNP still need optimization, this work supplied novel information for broadening the vision on fluorophores and mechanisms, for the monitoring of Cys and even other sulfur-containing species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sheng-Jin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiang-Jun Fan
- Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Yu-Shun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, No.163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, No.163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
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14
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Shariati S, Khayatian G. The colorimetric and microfluidic paper-based detection of cysteine and homocysteine using 1,5-diphenylcarbazide-capped silver nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2021; 11:3295-3303. [PMID: 35747694 PMCID: PMC9133977 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08615k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have prepared a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) for the determination of cysteine and homocysteine based on 1,5-diphenylcarbazide-capped silver nanoparticles. The μPAD was developed to identify and quantify the levels of cysteine and homocysteine. The proposed μPAD enabled the detection of cysteine and homocysteine using a colorimetric reaction based on modified silver nanoparticles. The color of the modified AgNPs in the test zone immediately changed after the addition of cysteine and homocysteine. Based on this change, the quantification of these two amino acids was achieved using an RGB color model and ImageJ software. Under optimized conditions, the proposed device enabled the determination of cysteine in the 0.20–20.0 μM concentration range with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.16 μM. In addition, the LOD of homocysteine was calculated to be 0.25 μM with a linear range of 0.50–20.0 μM. In this work, we focused on the use of the μPAD for the analysis of a series of human urine samples. A simple and novel portable method for the quantitative measurement of cysteine and homocysteine in human urine samples is presented.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sattar Shariati
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Kurdistan
- Sanandaj
- Iran
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15
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Wang H, Zhao X, Huang Y, Liao J, Liu Y, Pan Y. Rapid quality control of medicine and food dual purpose plant polysaccharides by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Analyst 2020; 145:2168-2175. [PMID: 32104793 DOI: 10.1039/c9an02440a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With their multiple biological activities and health benefit effects, polysaccharides from medicine and food dual purpose plants (MFDPPPs) have been extensively applied in many fields, including in medical treatments, stock farming, and cosmetics. However, to date, quality issues of MFDPPPs and technologies for the analysis of polysaccharides have posed challenges to chemists. Reported herein is a rapid and high-throughput quality control method for analyzing MFDPPPs, based on matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). For the analysis of illegally added and doped substances, ferroferric oxide nanoparticles were employed as the MALDI matrix to avoid small molecule interference. Qualitatively, high sensitivity was obtained for both illegal drugs and glucose. Quantitatively, the best linear response (R2 > 0.99) was attained in the concentration range from 0.005 to 1 mg mL-1 for glucose. For the analysis of polysaccharides, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid/N-methylaniline was employed as the MALDI matrix to increase the detection sensitivity and mass range coverage. Furthermore, the established method was successfully applied to the analysis of supplements from Astragalus polysaccharides and Lentinan real samples, showing its potential in quality control for MFDPPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Jiancong Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Yaqin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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16
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Rui B, Feng Y, Luo L. A novel benzo[a]phenazin-based fluorescence probe for selective detection of cysteine with anti-cancer potency. Talanta 2020; 224:121902. [PMID: 33379107 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Among the physiological and pathological sulfur-containing species, cysteine (Cys) is the most typical one which is an important component of the REDOX system in vivo. Monitoring the level of Cys from other competing species seems quite important in pre-clinical diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation. Herein, we developed a selective fluorescent probe, BPCys, for Cys from the benzo[a]phenazin backbone which had the potential of anti-cancer potency. BPCys suggested advantages including high specificity (40 fold over other species), high sensitivity (detection limit: 18 nM), wide pH adaptability (6.0-11.0) and in particular, the anti-cancer effect. Biological assays and in silico simulation hinted the potency of the detecting product on Topoisomerase I/II. In brief, this study raised a practical strategy for monitoring the Cys level in living cells, especially in cancer models with its anti-cancer potential, thus opened the mind of exploring more specific tool for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Rui
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yangrui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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17
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Zhen D, Shi S, Gao C, Kang Q, Xiao X, Grimes CA, Cai Q. Bi, Fe, and Ti ternary co-doped ZrO 2 nanocomposites as a mass spectrometry matrix for the determination of bisphenol A and tetrabromobisphenol A in tea. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:582. [PMID: 32980997 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04544-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bi, Fe, and Ti ternary co-doped ZrO2 (BFT-ZrO2) nanocomposites have been prepared by a sol-gel process and used as both adsorbent and matrix for the enrichment and determination of small molecules by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS). The BFT-ZrO2 nanocomposites not only can selectively enrich a wide variety of low-mass toxic pollutants but can also be used as an excellent matrix to enhance the laser desorption/ionization efficiency with low background noise and uniform co-crystalline film. Low limits of detection (LODs) (0.1 pg mL-1 for bisphenol A (BPA), 2 pg mL-1 for tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), 0.1 pg mL-1 for alizarin (AZ), 0.001 pg mL-1for bisphenol S (BPS), 0.01 pg mL-1 for indigo blue (ID), 0.01 pg mL-1 for pentachlorophenol (PCP), 100 pg mL-1 for estradiol (E2), 0.001 pg mL-1 for cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), 0.1 pg mL-1 for crystal violet (CV), 1 pg mL-1 for malachite green (MG), 0.01 pg mL-1 for rhodamine B (RhB), and 0.01 pg mL-1 for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) were achieved. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of shot-to-shot are 9.4-24% and of sample-to-sample 5.2-17%. The BFT-ZrO2 matrix was successfully applied to the determination of TBBPA and BPA in tea samples. This method shows a new strategy for determination of toxic compounds in tea. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshuai Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Sisi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Chan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Kang
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xilin Xiao
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Craig A Grimes
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Giannopoulos K, Lechtenfeld OJ, Holbrook TR, Reemtsma T, Wagner S. Exploring the potential of laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry to analyse organic capping agents on inorganic nanoparticle surfaces. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:5261-5271. [PMID: 32542454 PMCID: PMC7387369 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02740-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Analytical techniques are in high demand for the determination of organic capping agents on surfaces of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) such as gold (Au) and silver (Ag). In this study, the potential of laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-ToF-MS) as a technique fit for this purpose is demonstrated. First, a collection of reference spectra of most commonly used organic capping agents, including small molecules and polymers was established. Second, the robustness of the method was tested towards parameters like NP core material and NP size. In a third step, the quantitative capabilities of LDI-ToF-MS were determined. Finally, the potential to detect chemical alterations of the organic capping agent was evaluated. LDI-ToF-MS is able to detect capping agents ranging from small molecules (citric acid, tannic acid, lipoic acid) to large polymers (polyvinylpyrrolidone, branched polyethylenimine and methoxy polyethylene glycol sulfhydryl) on Au and Ag NPs based on characteristic signals for each capping agent. Small molecules showed characteristic fragment ions with low intensities, whereas polymers showed intense signals of the monomeric subunit. The NP concentration range comprises about two orders of magnitude with lowest detection limits of 5 mg/L or a capping agent concentration in the lower nM range. Changes in capping agent composition are detectable at NP concentrations in the g/L range. Thus, LDI-ToF-MS is particularly suitable for characterisation of polymer-capped NPs with high NP concentrations. This may be the case for quality control as part of the material synthesis and testing. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Giannopoulos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oliver J Lechtenfeld
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Timothy R Holbrook
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Wagner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
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19
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Xu J, Kondo JN, Fujino T. MALDI Mass Spectrometry of Small Molecules Using Nanometer-sized Clay. ANAL SCI 2020; 36:177-181. [PMID: 31474660 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19p213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nanometer-sized clay, allophane, was used as the matrix for matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) and applied to the ionization of small molecules. First, the laser desorption ionization mass spectrum of cation-exchanged allophane was measured, and it was found that the cation exchange proceeded smoothly with increasing atomic number of alkali metals in the periodic table. This phenomenon was explained by considering the size of the counter anion on the allophane surface. Then, fructose was measured as the analyte using each alkali-cation-exchanged allophane as the matrix. Contrary to the measurements using allophane itself, the peak intensity of fructose decreased with increasing atomic number of alkali metals in the periodic table. This phenomenon was clarified by considering the stability of alkali cation in the presence of a surface anion, the desorption energy, and the solvation enthalpy of each alkali cation. The applicability of allophane to high molecular weight compounds was also confirmed by measuring cyclodextrin, angiotensin II, and insulin. Finally, a combination of allophane and zeolite was examined by assuming proton relay among allophane, zeolite, and analyte. As a result of proton supply from zeolite to allophane, the peak intensity of the proton sponge (1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene) was enhanced by almost 2.2 times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Toyo University.,Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University
| | - Junko N Kondo
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Tatsuya Fujino
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Toyo University.,Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University
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20
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Self-assembly TiO2 nanosheets as a SALDI-TOF-MS matrix for high-throughput identification of polyfluorinated compounds in water samples. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Zhang CX, Gao YC, Wang C, Yu X, Li HW, Wu Y. Aggregation-induced emission enhancement of adenosine monophosphate-capped bimetallic nanoclusters by aluminum(III) ions, and its application to the fluorometric determination of cysteine. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 187:41. [PMID: 31832775 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3901-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The fluorescence of adenosine monophosphate-capped bimetallic gold and silver nanoclusters (type AuAgNC@AMP) is strongly enhanced and blue shifted in the presence of Al(III). As confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, the AuAgNC nanodots are converted to larger assembled spheres of type AuAgNC-Al(III). The fluorescence enhancement is attributed to aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE). The fluorescence of the AuAgNC-Al(III) assembly (with excitation and emission maxima at 340 and 540 nm) is quenched by cysteine (Cys). The effect was applied to the fluorometric determination of Cys. The assay works in the 1.0 to 16.0 μM Cys concentration range and has a 50 nM limit of detection. The method was successfully applied to analyze Cys-spiked mineral waters and serum. The quenching mechanism is explored in depth. It is attributed to the partial replacement of AMP by Cys at the surface of the AuAgNC and alteration of the assembly structure from large spherical particles to a strip shape. Graphical abstractSchematic representation of the fluorescence enhancement of bimetallic nanoclusters capped with adenosine monophosphate by using Al(III), and its application in selective and sensitive determination of cysteine via ligand replacement and reassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, No. 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yan-Cai Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, No. 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Medicine, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, No. 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Hong-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, No. 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Yuqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, No. 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
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22
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Zhen D, Jiang N, Geng H, Qiao Y, Liu Y, Zhu X, Gao C, Grimes CA, Cai Q. Cobalt-doped nanoporous carbon as SALDI-TOF-MS adsorbent and matrix for quantification of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, Rhodamine B and Malachite Green at sub-ppt levels. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:691. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3816-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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23
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Nanoparticle-based surface assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry: a review. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:682. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3770-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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24
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Zhu M, Wang L, Wu X, Na R, Wang Y, Li QX, Hammock BD. A novel and simple imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin fluorescent probe for the sensitive and selective imaging of cysteine in living cells and zebrafish. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1058:155-165. [PMID: 30851849 PMCID: PMC7198451 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy) and glutathione (GSH) play many crucial physiological roles in organisms. Their abnormal levels can cause and indicate various diseases. In the present study, a small-molecule fluorescent probe 2-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)phenyl acrylate (IPPA) was designed, synthesized and characterized by NMR, FT-IR and HRMS. IPPA can selectively detect Cys over other analytes because of an approximately 76 times enhancement in fluorescence intensity. The limit of detection of IPPA for Cys was 0.33 μM. The pseudo-first-order rate constant of the reaction between IPPA and Cys was approximately 10 times that of the reaction between IPPA and Hcy (KCys 3.18 × 10-3 S-1vs KHcy 4.92 × 10-4 S-1), indicating that Cys can be distinguished from Hcy. In addition, IPPA exhibits strong anti-interference ability, small molecular weight, high efficiency, low toxicity and good cell permeability. It was successfully used in imaging HepG2 cells and zebrafish. The fluorescence response of IPPA for calf serum are powerful proofs for practical application. Therefore, IPPA has high potential for bioassay applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqing Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Wenhua Road No. 95, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Wenhua Road No. 95, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Risong Na
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Wenhua Road No. 95, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Wenhua Road No. 95, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China; Department of Entomology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Bioscience and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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25
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Liu S, Lämmerhofer M. Functionalized gold nanoparticles for sample preparation: A review. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2438-2461. [PMID: 31056767 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sample preparation is a crucial step for the reliable and accurate analysis of both small molecule and biopolymers which often involves processes such as isolation, pre-concentration, removal of interferences (purification), and pre-processing (e.g., enzymatic digestion) of targets from a complex matrix. Gold nanoparticle (GNP)-assisted sample preparation and pre-concentration has been extensively applied in many analytical procedures in recent years due to the favorable and unique properties of GNPs such as size-controlled synthesis, large surface-to-volume ratio, surface inertness, straightforward surface modification, easy separation requiring minimal manipulation of samples. This review article primarily focuses on applications of GNPs in sample preparation, in particular for bioaffinity capture and biocatalysis. In addition, their most common synthesis, surface modification and characterization methods are briefly summarized. Proper surface modification for GNPs designed in accordance to their target application directly influence their functionalities, e.g., extraction efficiencies, and catalytic efficiencies. Characterization of GNPs after synthesis and modification is worthwhile for monitoring and controlling the fabrication process to ensure proper quality and functionality. Parameters such as morphology, colloidal stability, and physical/chemical properties can be assessed by methods such as surface plasmon resonance, dynamic light scattering, ζ-potential determinations, transmission electron microscopy, Taylor dispersion analysis, and resonant mass measurement, among others. The accurate determination of the surface coverage appears to be also mandatory for the quality control of functionality of the nanoparticles. Some promising applications of (functionalized) GNPs for bioanalysis and sample preparation are described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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26
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Fluorescent Method for the Detection of Biothiols Using an Ag⁺-Mediated Conformational Switch. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19040934. [PMID: 30813324 PMCID: PMC6412505 DOI: 10.3390/s19040934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a novel, simple, and time-saving fluorescence approach for the detection of biothiols (glutathione and cysteine) was developed by employing a DNA probe labeled with 2-aminopurine. As an adenine analogue, 2-aminopurine exhibits high fluorescence intensity that can be rapidly quenched in the presence of DNA. In the presence of Ag+, the fluorescence increased significantly, which was a result of the formation of cytosine–Ag+–cytosine base pairs and the release of 2-aminopurine. Upon addition of either glutathione or cysteine, the structure of cytosine–Ag+–cytosine was disrupted, a product of the stronger affinity between biothiols and Ag+. As a result, the 2-aminopurine-labeled DNA probe returned to its former structure, and the fluorescence signal was quenched accordingly. The detection limit for glutathione and cysteine was 3 nM and 5 nM, respectively. Furthermore, the determination of biothiols in human blood serum provided a potential application for the probe as a diagnostic tool in clinical practice.
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27
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“Turn-On” Fluorescent Assay of Biothiols Based on Nitrogen-Rich Polymer Carbon Nanostrips and Its Application in Cell Imaging. J CHEM-NY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/2847961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a sensitive and selective turn-on fluorimetric method has been developed for the determination of biothiols based on blocking Ag+-induced fluorescence quenching of nitrogen-rich polymer carbon nanostrips (NRPCNSs). Ag+ion can induce the fluorescence quenching of NRPCNSs due to the formation of nonfluorescent coordination complexes via robust Ag-N interaction. Once addition of biothiols, such as cysteine (Cys) and glutathione (GSH), Ag+ions prefer to interact with biothiols rather than NRPCNSs, which could be attribute to the formation of Ag-S bond, thus leading to effective fluorescent recovery of NRPCNSs. Under the optimized conditions, excellent linear relationships existed between the recovery degree of the NRPCNSs and the concentrations of Cys and GSH in the range of 0.05 μM to 10 μM and 0.2 μM to 30 μM, respectively. And, the limits of detection (LODs) for Cys and GSH are 16.5 nM and 65.1 nM, respectively. The detection system also shows high selectivity against other non-thiol amino acids. Moreover, the potential in practical applications of this proposed method has been demonstrated by detecting biothiols in human serum and fluorescence imaging of biothiols in living cells.
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Zhang Y, Song Y, Wu J, Li R, Hu D, Lin Z, Cai Z. A magnetic covalent organic framework as an adsorbent and a new matrix for enrichment and rapid determination of PAHs and their derivatives in PM2.5 by surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:3745-3748. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00384c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fe3O4@COFs served as an adsorbent and new matrix for SALDI-TOF-MS analysis of PAHs and their derivatives in PM2.5 with clear background, good reproducibility and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis
- Department of Chemistry
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis
- Department of Chemistry
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- China
| | - Jie Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety
- Department of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
| | - Ruijin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis
- Department of Chemistry
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- China
- Institute of Environmental Science
| | - Di Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis
- Department of Chemistry
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- China
| | - Zian Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety
- Department of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis
- Department of Chemistry
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental catalysis and Pollution Control
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Wu Z, Xu N, Li W, Lin JM. A membrane separation technique for optimizing sample preparation of MALDI-TOF MS detection. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Chen CY, Li HH, Chu HY, Wang CM, Chang CW, Lin LE, Hsu CC, Liao WS. Finely Tunable Surface Wettability by Two-Dimensional Molecular Manipulation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:41814-41823. [PMID: 30412374 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Local molecular environment governs material interface properties, especially the substrate's exposing behavior and overall functionality expression. Although current techniques can provide efficient surface property modification, challenges in molecule spatial distribution and composition controls limited the generation of homogeneous and finely tunable molecular environment. In this study, Au-thiolate rupturing operation in chemical lift-off lithography (CLL) is used to manipulate the substrate interface molecular environment. The creation of randomly distributed artificial self-assembled monolayer defects generates vacancies for substrate property modification through back-insertion of molecules with opposite functionalities. Surface wettability adjustment is utilized as an example, where well-controllable molecule distribution provides finely tunable substrate affinity toward liquids with different physical properties. The distinct property difference between two surface regions assists microdroplet formation when liquids flow through, not only water solution but also low-surface-tension organic liquids. These microdroplet arrays become a template to guide material assembly in its formation process and act as pH-sensitive platforms for high-throughput detection. Furthermore, the tunability of the molecular pattern in this approach helps minimize the coffee-ring effect and the sweet-spot issue in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Two-dimensional molecular manipulation in the CLL operation, therefore, holds the capability toward controlling homogeneous material surface property and toward exhibiting behavior adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-You Chen
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Hua Li
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yuan Chu
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Chang-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Che-Wei Chang
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Li-En Lin
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ssu Liao
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
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Gao C, Zhen D, He N, An Z, Zhou Q, Li C, Grimes CA, Cai Q. Two-dimensional TiO 2 nanoflakes enable rapid SALDI-TOF-MS detection of toxic small molecules (dyes and their metabolites) in complex environments. Talanta 2018; 196:1-8. [PMID: 30683337 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.11.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
High surface area (136 m2 g-1) nanoporous two-dimensional TiO2 nanoflakes are applied as an adsorbent and meanwhile a matrix for toxic small molecule analysis using positive-ion surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SALDI-TOF MS). The TiO2 nanoflakes enable one-step enrichment and analysis, greatly simplifying the analysis technique. Due to the high enrichment efficiency and low background noise, small molecule organic contaminants at ppt or even sub-ppt concentrations such as malachite green (10 pg/mL), leucomalachite green (10 pg/mL), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (0.001 pg/mL), rhodamine B (0.001 pg/mL), and crystal violet (0.1 pg/mL) were detected. In addition, malachite green and its metabolite leucomalachite green at ng/mL concentrations were successfully detected from fish blood and fish extracts, and crystal violet and its homologues at ng/cm2 concentrations were detected from inks on thermal receipt papers obtained from local supermarket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Deshuai Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, Guizhou 558000, China
| | - Ni He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zhengbin An
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Qiulan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Chenyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Craig A Grimes
- Flux Photon Corporation,5950 Shiloh Road East, Alpharetta, GA 30005 United States
| | - Qingyun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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Naito Y, Kotani M, Ohmura T. A novel laser desorption/ionization method using through hole porous alumina membranes. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:1851-1858. [PMID: 30076645 PMCID: PMC6175246 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE A novel matrix-free laser desorption/ionization method based on porous alumina membranes was developed. The porous alumina membranes have a two-dimensional (2D) ordered structure consisting of closely aligned straight through holes of sub-micron in diameter that are amenable to mass production by industrial fabrication processes. METHODS Considering a balance between the ion generating efficiency and the mechanical strength of the membranes, the typical values for the hole diameter, open aperture ratio and membrane thickness were set to 200 nm, 50% and 5 μm, respectively. The membranes were coated with platinum on a single side that was exposed to the laser. Evaluation experiments were conducted on the feasibility of this membrane structure for an ionization method using a single peptide and mixed peptides and polyethylene glycol samples and a commercial matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometer in the positive ion mode. RESULTS Results showed a softness of ionization and no sweet spot nature. The capillary action of the through holes with very high aspect ratio enables several loading protocols including sample impregnation from the surface opposite to the laser exposure side. CONCLUSIONS The feasibility study indicates that the through hole porous alumina membranes have several advantages in terms of usefulness over the conventional surface-assisted laser desorption ionization (SALDI) methods. The proposed novel ionization method is termed Desorption Ionization Using Through Hole Alumina Membrane (DIUTHAME).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhide Naito
- The Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries1955‐1 Kurematsu‐cho, Nishi‐kuHamamatsu431‐1202Japan
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Zhao H, Li Y, Wang J, Cheng M, Zhao Z, Zhang H, Wang C, Wang J, Qiao Y, Wang J. Dual-Ion-Mode MALDI MS Detection of Small Molecules with the O-P,N-Doped Carbon/Graphene Matrix. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:37732-37742. [PMID: 30296378 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b14643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It is challenging to realize a dual-ion mode of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for detecting small molecules. Herein, graphene coated by porous amorphous carbon with P-O surface group and codoped by phosphorus and nitrogen (O-P,N-C/G) was synthesized from an aerogel formed by phytic acid, polyaniline, and electrochemically exfoliated graphene. The carbon material synthesized has the feature of large surface area (583 m2/g), good electrical conductivity, strong UV absorption, heteroatom doping, and surface functional groups suitable for laser- induced desorption/ionization. It was employed as a novel matrix suitable for both positive-ion and negative-ion modes in MALDI-TOF MS for the analysis of various small molecules including amino acids, small peptides, saccharides, drugs, and environmental pollutants, significantly outperforming control materials and a traditional CHCA (α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid) or 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic (DHB) matrix. Remarkably, the detection limit of the anticancer drugs (5-fluorouracil and ellagic acid) reaches 50 pmol. In addition, nice MALDI-TOF MS images can be mapped to detect mixed amino acids corresponding to homogeneous distribution of ion intensity. The monosaccharides and disaccharides can be distinguished by using the new matrix. Last but not least, it can be used to quantitatively detect glucose in human serum and soft drinks (glucose/fructose, 203.1 mM) without adding standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Analytical Instrumentation Center & State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion , Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Taiyuan 030001 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yanqiu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Analytical Instrumentation Center & State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion , Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Taiyuan 030001 , China
| | - Jie Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Analytical Instrumentation Center & State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion , Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Taiyuan 030001 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Miao Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Analytical Instrumentation Center & State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion , Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Taiyuan 030001 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Analytical Instrumentation Center & State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion , Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Taiyuan 030001 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Huinian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Analytical Instrumentation Center & State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion , Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Taiyuan 030001 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Congwei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Analytical Instrumentation Center & State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion , Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Taiyuan 030001 , China
| | - Junying Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Analytical Instrumentation Center & State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion , Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Taiyuan 030001 , China
| | - Yan Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Analytical Instrumentation Center & State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion , Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Taiyuan 030001 , China
| | - Junzhong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Analytical Instrumentation Center & State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion , Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Taiyuan 030001 , China
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Lin Z, Cai Z. Negative ion laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometric analysis of small molecules by using nanostructured substrate as matrices. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:681-696. [PMID: 29509966 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is an excellent analytical technique for rapid and sensitive analysis of macromolecules such as polymers and proteins. However, the main drawback of MALDI-TOF MS is its difficulty to detect small molecules with mass below 700 Da because of the intensive interference from MALDI matrix in the low mass region. In recent years there has been considerable interest in developing matrix-free laser desorption/ionization by using nanostructured substrates to substitute the conventional organic matrices, which is often referred as surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SALDI-TOF MS). Despite these attractive features, most of the current SALDI-TOF MS for the analysis of small molecules employ positive ion mode, which is subjected to produce multiple alkali metal adducts, and thus increases the complexity of the analysis. Different from the complicated adducts produced in positive ion mode, mass spectra obtained in negative ion mode are featured by deprotonated ion peaks without matrix interference, which simplifies the interpretation of mass spectra and detection of unknown. In this review, we critically survey recent advances in nanostructured substrates for negative ion LDI-TOF MS analysis of small molecules in the last 5 years. Special emphasis is placed on the preparation of the nanostructured substrates and the results achieved in negative ion SALDI-MS. In addition, a variety of promising applications including environmental, biological, and clinical analysis are introduced. The ionization mechanism of negative ionization is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zian Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
- Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
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Palermo A, Forsberg EM, Warth B, Aisporna AE, Billings E, Kuang E, Benton HP, Berry D, Siuzdak G. Fluorinated Gold Nanoparticles for Nanostructure Imaging Mass Spectrometry. ACS NANO 2018; 12:6938-6948. [PMID: 29966083 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b02376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructure imaging mass spectrometry (NIMS) with fluorinated gold nanoparticles (f-AuNPs) is a nanoparticle assisted laser desorption/ionization approach that requires low laser energy and has demonstrated high sensitivity. Here we describe NIMS with f-AuNPs for the comprehensive analysis of metabolites in biological tissues. F-AuNPs assist in desorption/ionization by laser-induced release of the fluorocarbon chains with minimal background noise. Since the energy barrier required to release the fluorocarbons from the AuNPs is minimal, the energy of the laser is maintained in the low μJ/pulse range, thus limiting metabolite in-source fragmentation. Electron microscopy analysis of tissue samples after f-AuNP NIMS shows a distinct "raising" of the surface as compared to matrix assisted laser desorption ionization ablation, indicative of a gentle desorption mechanism aiding in the generation of intact molecular ions. Moreover, the use of perfluorohexane to distribute the f-AuNPs on the tissue creates a hydrophobic environment minimizing metabolite solubilization and spatial dislocation. The transfer of the energy from the incident laser to the analytes through the release of the fluorocarbon chains similarly enhances the desorption/ionization of metabolites of different chemical nature, resulting in heterogeneous metabolome coverage. We performed the approach in a comparative study of the colon of mice exposed to three different diets. F-AuNP NIMS allows the direct detection of carbohydrates, lipids, bile acids, sulfur metabolites, amino acids, nucleotide precursors as well as other small molecules of varied biological origins. Ultimately, the diversified molecular coverage obtained provides a broad picture of a tissue's metabolic organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Palermo
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Erica M Forsberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , San Diego State University , 5500 Campanile Drive , San Diego , California 92182 , United States
| | - Benedikt Warth
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry and Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME) , University of Vienna , Währingerstraße 38 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Aries E Aisporna
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Elizabeth Billings
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Ellen Kuang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , San Diego State University , 5500 Campanile Drive , San Diego , California 92182 , United States
| | - H Paul Benton
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - David Berry
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, Research Network Chemistry Meets Microbiology , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Gary Siuzdak
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular and Computational Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
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Packed hybrids of gold nanoparticles and layered double hydroxide nanosheets for microextraction of triazine herbicides from maize. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:336. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-2862-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Huang S, Chen G, Ou R, Qin S, Wang F, Zhu F, Ouyang G. Ultrathin Self-Assembled Diphenylalanine Nanosheets through a Gold-Stabilized Strategy for High-Efficiency Adsorption/Desorption/Ionization. Anal Chem 2018; 90:8607-8615. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siming Huang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education; Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Guosheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ruoheng Ou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Su Qin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Fuxin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Fang Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education; Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Fu CW, Lirio S, Shih YH, Liu WL, Lin CH, Huang HY. The Cooperativity of Fe3
O4
and Metal-Organic Framework as Multifunctional Nanocomposites for Laser Desorption Ionization Process. Chemistry 2018; 24:9598-9605. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Wei Fu
- Department of Chemistry; Chung Yuan Christian University; 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung Li District Taoyuan City 32023 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Stephen Lirio
- Department of Chemistry; Chung Yuan Christian University; 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung Li District Taoyuan City 32023 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Han Shih
- Department of Chemistry; Chung Yuan Christian University; 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung Li District Taoyuan City 32023 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wan-Ling Liu
- Department of Chemistry; Chung Yuan Christian University; 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung Li District Taoyuan City 32023 Taiwan, R.O.C
- College of Science; Chung Yuan Christian University; 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung Li District Taoyuan City 32023 Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Her Lin
- Department of Chemistry; Chung Yuan Christian University; 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung Li District Taoyuan City 32023 Taiwan, R.O.C
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology; Chung Yuan Christian University; 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung-Li District Taoyuan City 320 Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Ya Huang
- Department of Chemistry; Chung Yuan Christian University; 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung Li District Taoyuan City 32023 Taiwan, R.O.C
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Wu Z, Khan M, Mao S, Lin L, Lin JM. Combination of nano-material enrichment and dead-end filtration for uniform and rapid sample preparation in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Talanta 2018; 181:217-223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry of Compounds Containing Carboxyl Groups Using CdTe and CuO Nanoparticles. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8040492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Nanoparticle assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry for small molecule analytes. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:200. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-2687-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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42
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Mohammadi S, Khayatian G. Colorimetric detection of biothiols based on aggregation of chitosan-stabilized silver nanoparticles. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 185:27-34. [PMID: 28531847 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We have described a simple and reliable colorimetric method for the sensing of biothiols such as cysteine, homocysteine, and glutathione in biological samples. The selective binding of chitosan capped silver nanoparticles to biothiols induced aggregation of the chitosan-Ag NPs. But the other amino acids that do not have thiol group cannot aggregate the chitosan-Ag NPs. Aggregation of chitosan-Ag NPs has been confirmed with UV-vis absorption spectra, zeta potential and transmission electron microscopy images. Under optimum conditions, good linear relationships existed between the absorption ratios (at A500/A415) and the concentrations of cysteine, homocysteine, and glutathione in the range of 0.1-10.0μM with detection limits of 15.0, 84.6 and 40.0nM, respectively. This probe was successfully applied to detect these biothiols in biological samples (urine and plasma).
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Mohammadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, 66177-15175 Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Khayatian
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, 66177-15175 Sanandaj, Iran
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Klyba LV, Sanzheeva ER, Shagun LG, Zhilitskaya LV. Investigation of reaction between 2-methylimidazole and 1,3-bis(iodomethyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane by the method NALDI TOF/TOF. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428017080127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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44
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Surface tuning laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (STLDI-MS) for the analysis of small molecules using quantum dots. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:4943-4950. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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45
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Ji W, Zhang M, Wang T, Wang X, Zheng Z, Gong J. Molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction method based on SH-Au modified silica gel for the detection of six Sudan dyes in chili powder samples. Talanta 2017; 165:18-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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46
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Kitaoka C, Asano T, Fujino T. Direct Measurement and Quantification of Drugs and Their Metabolites in Urine by MALDI-MS Using Zeolite. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20160311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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47
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Liu S, Tang L, Wang J, Fu H, Wan X, Li Y. Label-free and sensitive detection of microalgae protein using GNRs-based resonance light scattering system. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27270c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel and label-free gold nanorods (GNRs)-based resonance light scattering system assay has been developed on the basis of that the interactions between microalgae proteins and GNRs could emit strong fluorescence signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Liu
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops
| | - Lei Tang
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Jiangli Wang
- School of Agriculture
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi City
- P. R. China
| | - Hanzhuo Fu
- Ultimate Analysis Laboratory
- Boca Raton
- USA
| | - Xia Wan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops
- Ministry of Agriculture
- P. R. China
| | - Yunbo Li
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
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48
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Yagnik GB, Hansen RL, Korte AR, Reichert MD, Vela J, Lee YJ. Large Scale Nanoparticle Screening for Small Molecule Analysis in Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2016; 88:8926-30. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gargey B. Yagnik
- Department
of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Ames Laboratory-U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Rebecca L. Hansen
- Department
of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Ames Laboratory-U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Andrew R. Korte
- Department
of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Ames Laboratory-U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Malinda D. Reichert
- Department
of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Javier Vela
- Department
of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Ames Laboratory-U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Young Jin Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Ames Laboratory-U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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49
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Martinez V, Henary M. Nile Red and Nile Blue: Applications and Syntheses of Structural Analogues. Chemistry 2016; 22:13764-13782. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Martinez
- Department of Chemistry; Georgia State University; Atlanta GA 30302 USA
| | - Maged Henary
- Department of Chemistry; Georgia State University; Atlanta GA 30302 USA
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50
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Bibi A, Ju H. Quantum dots assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric detection of carbohydrates: qualitative and quantitative analysis. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2016; 51:291-297. [PMID: 27041659 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A quantum dots (QDs) assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric (QDA-LDI-MS) strategy was proposed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of a series of carbohydrates. The adsorption of carbohydrates on the modified surface of different QDs as the matrices depended mainly on the formation of hydrogen bonding, which led to higher MS intensity than those with conventional organic matrix. The effects of QDs concentration and sample preparation method were explored for improving the selective ionization process and the detection sensitivity. The proposed approach offered a new dimension to the application of QDs as matrices for MALDI-MS research of carbohydrates. It could be used for quantitative measurement of glucose concentration in human serum with good performance. The QDs served as a matrix showed the advantages of low background, higher sensitivity, convenient sample preparation and excellent stability under vacuum. The QDs assisted LDI-MS approach has promising application to the analysis of carbohydrates in complex biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Bibi
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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