1
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Ramya PR, Halder S, Nagamani K, Singh Chouhan R, Gandhi S. Disposable graphene-oxide screen-printed electrode integrated with portable device for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 158:108722. [PMID: 38697015 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) diagnosis is the need of the hour, as cases are persistently increasing, and new variants are constantly emerging. The ever-changing nature of the virus leading to multiple variants, has brought an imminent need for early, accurate and rapid detection methods. Herein, we have reported the design and fabrication of Screen-Printed Electrodes (SPEs) with graphene oxide (GO) as working electrode and modified with specific antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain (RBD). Flexibility of design, and portable nature has made SPEs the superior choice for electrochemical analysis. The developed immunosensor can detect RBD as low as 0.83 fM with long-term storage capacity. The fabricated SPEs immunosensor was tested using a miniaturized portable device and potentiostat on 100 patient nasopharyngeal samples and corroborated with RT-PCR data, displayed 94 % sensitivity. Additionally, the in-house developed polyclonal antibodies detected RBD antigen of the mutated Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 successfully. We have not observed any cross-reactivity/binding of the fabricated immunosensor with MERS (cross-reactive antigen) and Influenza A H1N1 (antigen sharing common symptoms). Hence, the developed SPEs sensor may be applied for bedside point-of-care diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 using miniaturized portable device, in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Ramya
- DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India; DBT-Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Sayanti Halder
- DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India
| | - K Nagamani
- Department of Microbiology, Gandhi Medical College, Gandhi Hospital, Hyderabad 500025, Telangana, India
| | - Raghuraj Singh Chouhan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sonu Gandhi
- DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India; DBT-Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India.
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2
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Piranej S, Zhang L, Bazrafshan A, Marin M, Melikian GB, Salaita K. Rolosense: Mechanical Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Using a DNA-Based Motor. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:1332-1347. [PMID: 39071064 PMCID: PMC11273449 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.4c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Assays that detect viral infections play a significant role in limiting the spread of diseases such as SARS-CoV-2. Here, we present Rolosense, a virus sensing platform that leverages the motion of 5 μm DNA-based motors on RNA fuel chips to transduce the presence of viruses. Motors and chips are modified with aptamers, which are designed for multivalent binding to viral targets and lead to stalling of motion. Therefore, the motors perform a "mechanical test" of the viral target and stall in the presence of whole virions, which represents a unique mechanism of transduction distinct from conventional assays. Rolosense can detect SARS-CoV-2 spiked in artificial saliva and exhaled breath condensate with a sensitivity of 103 copies/mL and discriminates among other respiratory viruses. The assay is modular and amenable to multiplexing, as demonstrated by our one-pot detection of influenza A and SARS-CoV-2. As a proof of concept, we show that readout can be achieved using a smartphone camera with a microscopic attachment in as little as 15 min without amplification reactions. Taken together, these results show that mechanical detection using Rolosense can be broadly applied to any viral target and has the potential to enable rapid, low-cost point-of-care screening of circulating viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Piranej
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Luona Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Alisina Bazrafshan
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Mariana Marin
- Department
of Pediatrics, Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Children’s
Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Gregory B. Melikian
- Department
of Pediatrics, Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Children’s
Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Khalid Salaita
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Wallace
H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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3
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Liu G, Wang J, Wang J, Cui X, Wang K, Chen M, Yang Z, Gao A, Shen Y, Zhang Q, Gao G, Cui D. Deep-learning assisted zwitterionic magnetic immunochromatographic assays for multiplex diagnosis of biomarkers. Talanta 2024; 273:125868. [PMID: 38458085 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-based immunochromatographic tests (ICTs) display long-term stability and an enhanced capability for multiplex biomarker detection, surpassing conventional gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and fluorescence-based ICTs. In this study, we innovatively developed zwitterionic silica-coated MNPs (MNP@Si-Zwit/COOH) with outstanding antifouling capabilities and effectively utilised them for the simultaneous identification of the nucleocapsid protein (N protein) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza A/B. The carboxyl-functionalised MNPs with 10% zwitterionic ligands (MNP@Si-Zwit 10/COOH) exhibited a wide linear dynamic detection range and the most pronounced signal-to-noise ratio when used as probes in the ICT. The relative limit of detection (LOD) values were achieved in 12 min by using a magnetic assay reader (MAR), with values of 0.0062 ng/mL for SARS-CoV-2 and 0.0051 and 0.0147 ng/mL, respectively, for the N protein of influenza A and influenza B. By integrating computer vision and deep learning to enhance the image processing of immunoassay results for multiplex detection, a classification accuracy in the range of 0.9672-0.9936 was achieved for evaluating the three proteins at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1, and 10 ng/mL. The proposed MNP-based ICT for the multiplex diagnosis of biomarkers holds substantial promise for applications in both medical institutions and self-administered diagnostic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Liu
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Junhao Wang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Jiulin Wang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Xinyuan Cui
- Radiology Department of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Kan Wang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Mingrui Chen
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Ziyang Yang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Ang Gao
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Yulan Shen
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, PR China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Guo Gao
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai, 200241, PR China; Henan Medical School, Henan University, Henan, 475004, PR China.
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4
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Bahamondes Lorca VA, Ávalos-Ovando O, Sikeler C, Ijäs H, Santiago EY, Skelton E, Wang Y, Yang R, Cimatu KLA, Baturina O, Wang Z, Liu J, Slocik JM, Wu S, Ma D, Pastukhov A, Kabashin AV, Kordesch ME, Govorov AO. Lateral Flow Assay Biotesting by Utilizing Plasmonic Nanoparticles Made of Inexpensive Metals─Replacing Colloidal Gold. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:6069-6077. [PMID: 38739779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) can be conjugated with diverse biomolecules and employed in biosensing to detect target analytes in biological samples. This proven concept was primarily used during the COVID-19 pandemic with gold-NP-based lateral flow assays (LFAs). Considering the gold price and its worldwide depletion, here we show that novel plasmonic NPs based on inexpensive metals, titanium nitride (TiN) and copper covered with a gold shell (Cu@Au), perform comparable to or even better than gold nanoparticles. After conjugation, these novel nanoparticles provided high figures of merit for LFA testing, such as high signals and specificity and robust naked-eye signal recognition. Since the main cost of Au NPs in commercial testing kits is the colloidal synthesis, our development with the Cu@Au and the laser-ablation-fabricated TiN NPs is exciting, offering potentially inexpensive plasmonic nanomaterials for various bioapplications. Moreover, our machine learning study showed that biodetection with TiN is more accurate than that with Au.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica A Bahamondes Lorca
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Oscar Ávalos-Ovando
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
- Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Christoph Sikeler
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig Maximilians University, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Heini Ijäs
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig Maximilians University, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Yazmin Santiago
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
- Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Eli Skelton
- Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Yong Wang
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Varennes, Québec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Ruiqi Yang
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Varennes, Québec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Katherine Leslee Asetre Cimatu
- Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Olga Baturina
- Chemistry Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Zhewei Wang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Jundong Liu
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Joseph M Slocik
- Soft Matter Materials Branch, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
| | - Shiyong Wu
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Dongling Ma
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Varennes, Québec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Andrei Pastukhov
- Laboratory LP3, Campus de Luminy, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Andrei V Kabashin
- Laboratory LP3, Campus de Luminy, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Martin E Kordesch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
- Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Alexander O Govorov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
- Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
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5
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Xiao Y, Dong H, Wu C, Zhang K, Jiang X, Chen J, Wang H, Xu S, Zhang F, Gu L. Nanobody in a Double "Y"-Shaped Assembly: A Promising Candidate for Lateral Flow Immunoassays. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7130-7137. [PMID: 38679866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Derived from camelid heavy-chain antibodies, nanobodies (Nbs) are the smallest natural antibodies and are an ideal tool in biological studies because of their simple structure, high yield, and low cost. Nbs possess significant potential for developing highly specific and user-friendly diagnostic assays. Despite offering considerable advantages in detection applications, knowledge is limited regarding the exclusive use of Nbs in lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) detection. Herein, we present a novel double "Y" architecture, achieved by using the SpyTag/SpyCatcher and Im7/CL7 systems. The double "Y" assemblies exhibited a significantly higher affinity for their epitopes, as particularly evident in the reduced dissociation rate. An LFIA employing double "Y" assemblies was effectively used to detect the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 N protein, with a detection limit of at least 500 pg/mL. This study helps broaden the array of tools available for the development of Nb-based diagnostic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Hongjie Dong
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 11 Taibaizhong Road, Jining 272033, P. R. China
| | - Cancan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Kundi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Junyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Sujuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Fengyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Lichuan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
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6
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Çam Derin D, Gültekin E, Gündüz E, Otlu B. Comparison of Six Aptamer-Aptamer Pairs on Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 by Lateral Flow Assay. J AOAC Int 2024; 107:464-470. [PMID: 38218729 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 is a threat to humanity. Both the spike (S) protein and its receptor binding domain (sRBD) are extensively used for rapid detection. Although real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) is mostly used method for the molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2, rapid assays for antigenic detection are always needed. Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are the most commonly used tests for this purpose, and aptamers having stability and long shelf life are used as capture reagents. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop the LFAs based on the aptamer pairs for the antigenic detection of SARS-CoV-2 with the naked eye. METHOD Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were used as labels, and six sandwich models by three different aptamers were prepared using 4 μM and 8 μM probes and two kinds of membranes for developing the LFAs. RESULTS The 8 μM probe concentration and M2 membrane showed the best recognition of both the synthetic sRBD and SARS-CoV-2 coming from the naso/oropharingeal swabs by designed LFAs as 100% sensitivity and 93.3% specificity compared to the antibody-detecting LFAs. CONCLUSIONS Our developed strip assays based on aptamer pairs recognized the target directly in 5-6 min with the naked eye. It was also concluded that aptamer pairs, membrane types, assay buffers, and probe concentrations have a significant role in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 by LFAs. HIGHLIGHTS The detection of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples was demonstrated with the best aptamer pairs, sensitively and selectively among the designed six aptamer pairs for LFAs. Developed LFAs can be an alternative method to the conventional antibody-based LFAs for SARS-CoV-2 detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Çam Derin
- Inonu University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
| | - Enes Gültekin
- Inonu University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
| | - Elif Gündüz
- Inonu University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
| | - Barış Otlu
- Inonu University, Department of Medical Microbiology, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
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7
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Liu X, Li J, Wang K, Li X, Wang S, Guo G, Zheng Q, Zhang M, Zeng J. Near-infrared responsive gold nanorods for highly sensitive colorimetric and photothermal lateral flow immuno-detection of SARS-CoV-2. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:2597-2605. [PMID: 38618693 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00347k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The highly infectious characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), highlight the necessity of sensitive and rapid nucleocapsid (N) protein-based antigen testing for early triage and epidemic management. In this study, a colorimetric and photothermal dual-mode lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) platform for the rapid and sensitive detection of the SARS-CoV-2 N protein was developed based on gold nanorods (GNRs), which possessed tunable local surface plasma resonance (LSPR) absorption peaks from UV-visible to near-infrared (NIR). The LSPR peak was adjusted to match the NIR emission laser 808 nm by controlling the length-to-diameter ratio, which could maximize the photothermal conversion efficiency and achieve photothermal detection signal amplification. Qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 N protein was achieved by observing the strip color, and the limit of detection was 2 ng mL-1, while that for photothermal detection was 0.096 ng mL-1. Artificial saliva samples spiked with the N protein were analyzed with the recoveries ranging from 84.38% to 107.72%. The intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 6.76% and 10.39%, respectively. We further evaluated the reliability of this platform by detecting 40 clinical samples collected from nasal swabs, and the results matched well with that of nucleic acid detection (87.5%). This method shows great promise in early disease diagnosis and screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China.
| | - Jingwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China.
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China.
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China.
| | - Shenming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China.
| | - Gengchen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China.
| | - Qiaowen Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Environment, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China.
| | - Maosheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environment, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China.
| | - Jingbin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China.
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8
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Zhou X, Wu H, Chen X, Li W, Zhang J, Wang M, Zhang J, Wang S, Liu Y. Glucose-metabolism-triggered colorimetric sensor array for point-of-care differentiation and antibiotic susceptibility testing of bacteria. Food Chem 2024; 438:137983. [PMID: 37989025 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Simple and sensitive discrimination of multiple bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) are significant for food safety, clinical diagnosis and treatment. Herein, based on different metabolic ability of bacteria on glucose, we presented a colorimetric sensor array for point-of-care testing (POCT) of multiple bacteria with methyl red (MER), bromothymol blue (BTB) and bromocresol green (BCG) as probes. Different bacteria resulted in different color changes of three probes, which was converted to RGB (Red (R)/Green (G)/Blue (B)) signals by the color recognizer APP loaded on smartphone. The sensor array performed differentiation of eleven species of bacteria, achieving the quantitative analysis of individual bacteria in tap water and differentiation of bacterial mixtures. Interestingly, the sensor array can be used for AST and evaluating minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics to bacteria. The research provided meaningful guidance for distinguishing multiple bacteria and evaluating MIC, presenting great potential in practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Haotian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Xiying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Weiran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Yaqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
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9
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Li J, Zhang P, Xu Q, Nie Y, Shao S, Wang Z, Jiang Y. Preparation of dyed polymer microspheres by a physical-chemical dual-binding method and their application in lateral flow immunoassay. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:2033-2043. [PMID: 38497428 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay02279j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) has shown great competitiveness in point-of-care testing due to its flexibility and simplicity. Dyed polymer microspheres are one of the most widely used marker particles for signal presentation as they are very convenient for visual interpretation, which is one of the most attractive features of LFIA. The color intensity, as the most critical factor, is directly related to the visual effect. In this work, a physical-chemical dual-binding strategy was proposed for the preparation of functionalized dyed microspheres. Bifunctional seed microspheres were synthesized by introducing 4-vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC) into the soap-free emulsion polymerization process, and the effective immobilization of dyes inside and on the surface of the polymer microspheres was achieved by covalent bonding and swelling methods. The microspheres were characterized by SEM, FT-IR spectroscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy. The results showed that the microspheres containing VBC were spherical with an average particle size of 300 nm. When the microspheres were prepared by adding 10 wt% VBC relative to the total monomer, the immobilization amount of 1-[[4-[(dimethylphenyl)azo]dimethyl phenyl]azo]-2-naphthol (Red-27) was increased to 180 mg g-1, which was 1.8 times that of the microspheres without VBC. The resulting nanomaterials were successfully used to establish a lateral flow immunoassay for the detection of COVID-19 virus N protein. The linear response concentration range was 2.64-87.84 COI, and the detection limit was 14.95 COI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatong Li
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, China.
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Getein Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, PR China
| | - Qianrui Xu
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, China.
| | - Yingrui Nie
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, China.
| | - Shimin Shao
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, China.
| | - Zhifei Wang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, China.
| | - Yong Jiang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, China.
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10
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Han J, Lv Q, Su D, Chen L, Zhu S, Liu Q, Jiang Y, Li X, Jiang Y, Wang Z. Polymer Microspheres Copolymerized with Deep Red Fluorescent Molecules as a Label for Lateral Flow Immunochromatography. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:6971-6979. [PMID: 38517386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c04033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The development of fluorescently labeled microspheres is a critical aspect of advancing the technology of lateral flow immunochromatography (LFIA) for biological detection. Nevertheless, potential interference posed by the background fluorescence originating from the nitrocellulose (NC) membrane would significantly impact the sensitivity and accuracy of microsphere-based detection in LFIA. In this work, an attempt was made to extend the π-conjugated system and asymmetric structure of rhodamine fluorophore, resulting in the synthesis of dye molecules (RB2) incorporating double bonds, which can reach an absolute photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 30.01% in EtOH. Subsequently, carboxyl group functionalized fluorescent microspheres were prepared in a two-step copolymerization via soap-free emulsion polymerization. The obtained microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, DLS, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and fluorescence spectrophotometry. The results showed that RB2 was successfully copolymerized into the microspheres, and the resulting microspheres had good dispersion and stability with high red fluorescence intensity (λabs ∼ 610 nm, λem ∼ 660 nm). Utilizing these microspheres, the resulting lateral flow immunoassay was successfully found to detect SARS-CoV-2 N protein with a detection limit of 2.5 pg/mL and the linear concentration spanning from 2.5 pg/mL to 10 ng/mL. The results confirm the effectiveness of the synthetic fluorescent microspheres as the label for LFIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Qingyu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Daoxiang Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Lucheng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Shihong Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yongqiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Shandong Institute of Medical Device and Pharmaceutical Packaging Inspection, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Zhifei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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11
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Kaewarsa P, Schenkel MS, Rahn KL, Laiwattanapaisal W, Henry CS. Improving design features and air bubble manipulation techniques for a single-step sandwich electrochemical ELISA incorporating commercial electrodes into capillary-flow driven immunoassay devices. Analyst 2024; 149:2034-2044. [PMID: 38407468 PMCID: PMC10962017 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01704d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Integrating electrochemistry into capillary-flow driven immunoassay devices provides unique opportunities for quantitative point-of-care testing. Although custom electrodes can be inexpensive and are tunable, they require skilled fabrication. Here, we report the incorporation of a commercial electrode into a capillary-flow driven immunoassay (iceCaDI) device for a single end-user step sandwich electrochemical enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The iceCaDI device is a pump-free portable microfluidic device with an integrated commercial screen-printed electrode and flow driven by capillary action. The iceCaDI device is composed of alternating polyester transparency film and double-sided adhesive film layers that are patterned with a laser cutter. This platform was designed to address known limitations of laminated device fabrication methods and operation. First, we developed a foldable laminated device fabrication using hinges for easy assembly and precise alignment. Second, reagent dispersing was achieved by incorporating a 1 mm wide arrow-shaped notch in the middle of the channel that trapped an air bubble and formed a baffle that facilitated reagent spreading to cover the detection area. Third, small vent holes were added to the top layer of the channels to prevent air bubbles from blocking flow. Finally, we fabricated a CRP immunosensor with a detection range of 0.625 to 10.0 μg mL-1 as a proof-of-concept to demonstrate an automatically driven sandwich electrochemical ELISA using the iceCaDI device. Three concentrations of CRP were successfully measured under flow conditions within 8 min. Our proposed device is a promising approach and a step forward in the development of point-of-care (POC) devices for techniques that traditionally require multiple user steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuritat Kaewarsa
- Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Melissa S Schenkel
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State, University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80526, USA
| | - Kira L Rahn
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State, University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80526, USA
| | - Wanida Laiwattanapaisal
- Biosensors and Bioanalytical Technology for Cell and Innovative Testing Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State, University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80526, USA
- Materials and Metallurgy Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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12
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Raju C, Elpa DP, Urban PL. Automation and Computerization of (Bio)sensing Systems. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1033-1048. [PMID: 38363106 PMCID: PMC10964247 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Sensing systems necessitate automation to reduce human effort, increase reproducibility, and enable remote sensing. In this perspective, we highlight different types of sensing systems with elements of automation, which are based on flow injection and sequential injection analysis, microfluidics, robotics, and other prototypes addressing specific real-world problems. Finally, we discuss the role of computer technology in sensing systems. Automated flow injection and sequential injection techniques offer precise and efficient sample handling and dependable outcomes. They enable continuous analysis of numerous samples, boosting throughput, and saving time and resources. They enhance safety by minimizing contact with hazardous chemicals. Microfluidic systems are enhanced by automation to enable precise control of parameters and increase of analysis speed. Robotic sampling and sample preparation platforms excel in precise execution of intricate, repetitive tasks such as sample handling, dilution, and transfer. These platforms enhance efficiency by multitasking, use minimal sample volumes, and they seamlessly integrate with analytical instruments. Other sensor prototypes utilize mechanical devices and computer technology to address real-world issues, offering efficient, accurate, and economical real-time solutions for analyte identification and quantification in remote areas. Computer technology is crucial in modern sensing systems, enabling data acquisition, signal processing, real-time analysis, and data storage. Machine learning and artificial intelligence enhance predictions from the sensor data, supporting the Internet of Things with efficient data management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamarthi
Maheswar Raju
- Department of Chemistry, National
Tsing Hua University 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Decibel P. Elpa
- Department of Chemistry, National
Tsing Hua University 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Pawel L. Urban
- Department of Chemistry, National
Tsing Hua University 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
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13
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Lu P, Zhan C, Huang C, Miao L, Chen R, Zhao Y, Xianyu Y, Chen X, Chen Y. A Wash-Free Spheres-on-Sphere Strategy for On-Site and Multiplexed Biosensing. ACS NANO 2024; 18:8270-8282. [PMID: 38451231 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory infections and food contaminants pose severe challenges to global health and the economy. A rapid on-site platform for the simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens is crucial for accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and a reduced healthcare burden. Herein, we present a spheres-on-sphere (SOS) platform for multiplexed detection using a portable Coulter counter, which employs millimeter- and micron-sized spheres coupled with antibodies as multitarget probes. The assay allows for quantitative detection of multiple analytes within 20 min by simple mixing, enabling on-site detection. The platform shows high accuracy in identifying three respiratory viruses (SARS-CoV-2, influenza A virus, and parainfluenza virus) from throat swab samples, with LOD of 50.7, 32.4, and 49.1 pg/mL. It also demonstrates excellent performance in quantifying three mycotoxins (aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol, and ochratoxin A) from food samples. The SOS platform offers a rapid on-site approach with high sensitivity and specificity for applications in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Chen Zhan
- College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Chenxi Huang
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Lin Miao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Rui Chen
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yunlei Xianyu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
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14
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Bahamondes Lorca VA, Ávalos-Ovando O, Sikeler C, Ijäs H, Santiago EY, Skelton E, Wang Y, Yang R, Cimatu KLA, Baturina O, Wang Z, Liu J, Slocik JM, Wu S, Ma D, Pastukhov AI, Kabashin AV, Kordesch ME, Govorov AO. Lateral Flow Assays Biotesting by Utilizing Plasmonic Nanoparticles Made of Inexpensive Metals - Replacing Colloidal Gold. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.08.574723. [PMID: 38260353 PMCID: PMC10802436 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.08.574723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) can be conjugated with diverse biomolecules and employed in biosensing to detect target analytes in biological samples. This proven concept was primarily used during the COVID-19 pandemic with gold NPs-based lateral flow assays (LFAs). Considering the gold price and its worldwide depletion, here we show that novel plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) based on inexpensive metals, titanium nitride (TiN) and copper covered with a gold shell (Cu@Au), perform comparable or even better than gold nanoparticles. After conjugation, these novel nanoparticles provided high figures of merit for LFA testing, such as high signals and specificity and robust naked-eye signal recognition. To the best of our knowledge, our study represents the 1st application of laser-ablation-fabricated nanoparticles (TiN) in the LFA and dot-blot biotesting. Since the main cost of the Au NPs in commercial testing kits is in the colloidal synthesis, our development with TiN is very exciting, offering potentially very inexpensive plasmonic nanomaterials for various bio-testing applications. Moreover, our machine learning study showed that the bio-detection with TiN is more accurate than that with Au.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica A. Bahamondes Lorca
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
- Departamento de Tecnología médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar Ávalos-Ovando
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
- Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Christoph Sikeler
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig Maximilians University, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Heini Ijäs
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig Maximilians University, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Yazmin Santiago
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
- Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Eli Skelton
- Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Yong Wang
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique,Varennes, Québec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Ruiqi Yang
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique,Varennes, Québec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Katherine Leslee A. Cimatu
- Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Olga Baturina
- Chemistry Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC 20375, United States
| | - Zhewei Wang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Jundong Liu
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Joseph M. Slocik
- Soft Matter Materials Branch, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
| | - Shiyong Wu
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Dongling Ma
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique,Varennes, Québec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Andrei I. Pastukhov
- Laboratory LP3, Campus de Luminy, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Andrei V. Kabashin
- Laboratory LP3, Campus de Luminy, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Martin E. Kordesch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
- Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Alexander O. Govorov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
- Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
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15
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Link JS, O'Donnell-Sloan J, Curdts S, Geiss BJ, Dandy DS, Henry CS. Multiplexed Capillary-Flow Driven Immunoassay for Respiratory Illnesses. Anal Chem 2024; 96:4111-4119. [PMID: 38417100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Multiplexed analysis in medical diagnostics is widely accepted as a more thorough and complete method compared to single-analyte detection. While analytical methods like polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) exist for multiplexed detection of biomarkers, they remain time-consuming and expensive. Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are an attractive option for point-of-care testing, and examples of multiplexed LFAs exist. However, these devices are limited by spatial resolution of test lines, large sample volume requirements, cross-reactivity, and poor sensitivity. Recent work has developed capillary-flow microfluidic ELISA platforms as a more sensitive alternative to LFAs; however, multiplexed detection on these types of devices has yet to be demonstrated. In the aftermath of the initial SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the need for rapid, sensitive point-of-care devices has become ever clearer. Moving forward, devices that can distinguish between diseases with similar presenting symptoms would be the ideal home diagnostic. Here, the first example of a multiplexed capillary-flow immunoassay device for the simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers is reported. From a single sample addition step, the reagents and washing steps required for two simultaneous ELISAs are delivered to spatially separated test strips. Visual results can be obtained in <15 min, and images captured with a smartphone can be analyzed for quantitative data. This device was used to distinguish between and quantify H1N1 hemagglutinin (HA) and SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N-protein). Using this device, analytical detection limits of 840 and 133 pg/mL were obtained for hemagglutinin and nucleocapsid protein, respectively. The presence of one target in the device did not increase the signal on the other test line, indicating no cross-reactivity between the assays. Additionally, simultaneous detection of both N-protein and HA was performed as well as simultaneous detection of N-protein and human C-reactive protein (CRP). Elevated levels of CRP in a patient infected with SARS-CoV-2 have been shown to correlate with more severe outcomes and a greater risk of death as well. To further expand on the simultaneous detection of two biomarkers, CRP and N-protein were detected simultaneously, and the presence of SARS-CoV-2 N-protein did not interfere with the detection of CRP when both targets were present in the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S Link
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - John O'Donnell-Sloan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1019, United States
| | - Sierra Curdts
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Brian J Geiss
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - David S Dandy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1019, United States
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1019, United States
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- Metalluragy and Materials Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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16
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Ganesh PS, Elugoke SE, Lee SH, Kim SY, Ebenso EE. Smart and emerging point of care electrochemical sensors based on nanomaterials for SARS-CoV-2 virus detection: Towards designing a future rapid diagnostic tool. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141269. [PMID: 38307334 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
In the recent years, researchers from all over the world have become interested in the fabrication of advanced and innovative electrochemical and/or biosensors for respiratory virus detection with the use of nanotechnology. These fabricated sensors demonstrated a number of benefits, including precision, affordability, accessibility, and miniaturization which makes them a promising test method for point-of-care (PoC) screening for SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. In order to comprehend the principles of electrochemical sensing and the role of various types of sensing interfaces, we comprehensively explored the underlying principles of electroanalytical methods and terminologies related to it in this review. In addition, it is addressed how to fabricate electrochemical sensing devices incorporating nanomaterials as graphene, metal/metal oxides, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), MXenes, quantum dots, and polymers. We took an effort to carefully compile current developments, advantages, drawbacks, possible solutions in nanomaterials based electrochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattan Siddappa Ganesh
- Interaction Laboratory, Advanced Technology Research Center, Future Convergence Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 330-708, Republic of Korea.
| | - Saheed Eluwale Elugoke
- Centre for Material Science, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa; Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa
| | - Seok-Han Lee
- Interaction Laboratory, Advanced Technology Research Center, Future Convergence Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 330-708, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Youn Kim
- Interaction Laboratory, Advanced Technology Research Center, Future Convergence Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 330-708, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eno E Ebenso
- Centre for Material Science, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa; Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa.
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17
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El-Daly MM. Advances and Challenges in SARS-CoV-2 Detection: A Review of Molecular and Serological Technologies. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:519. [PMID: 38472991 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14050519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The urgent need for accurate COVID-19 diagnostics has led to the development of various SARS-CoV-2 detection technologies. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) remains a reliable viral gene detection technique, while other molecular methods, including nucleic acid amplification techniques (NAATs) and isothermal amplification techniques, provide diverse and effective approaches. Serological assays, detecting antibodies in response to viral infection, are crucial for disease surveillance. Saliva-based immunoassays show promise for surveillance purposes. The efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection varies, with IgM indicating recent exposure and IgG offering prolonged detectability. Various rapid tests, including lateral-flow immunoassays, present opportunities for quick diagnosis, but their clinical significance requires validation through further studies. Challenges include variations in specificity and sensitivity among testing platforms and evolving assay sensitivities over time. SARS-CoV-2 antigens, particularly the N and S proteins, play a crucial role in diagnostic methods. Innovative approaches, such as nanozyme-based assays and specific nucleotide aptamers, offer enhanced sensitivity and flexibility. In conclusion, ongoing advancements in SARS-CoV-2 detection methods contribute to the global effort in combating the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M El-Daly
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Umrao S, Zheng M, Jin X, Yao S, Wang X. Net-Shaped DNA Nanostructure-Based Lateral Flow Assays for Rapid and Sensitive SARS-CoV-2 Detection. Anal Chem 2024; 96:3291-3299. [PMID: 38306661 PMCID: PMC10922791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Lateral flow assay (LFA)-based rapid antigen tests are experiencing extensive global uptake as an expeditious and highly effective modality for the screening of viral infections during the COVID-19 pandemic. While these devices have played a significant role in alleviating the burden on the public healthcare system, their specificity and sensitivity fall short compared with molecular tests. In this study, we endeavor to address both limitations through the utilization of DNA nanotechnology in LFA format, wherein we substitute the target-specific antibody with designer DNA nanostructure-based molecular probes for recognizing the SARS-CoV-2 virus via multivalent, pattern-matching interactions. We meticulously designed a Net-shaped DNA nanostructure and strategically arranged trimeric clusters of aptamers that specifically recognize the spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2. This approach has proven instrumental in bolstering virus-binding affinity on the LFAs. Our findings indicate high LFA sensitivity, enabling the detection of viral loads ranging from 103 to 108 viral copies/mL. This notable sensitivity is maintained across various SARS-CoV-2 viral strains, obviating the need for intricate sample preparation protocols. The significance of this heightened sensitivity lies in the crucial role played by the designer DNA nanostructure, which facilitates the detection of extremely low levels of viral loads. This not only enhances the overall reliability of self-testing but also reduces the likelihood of false-negative results, especially in cases of low viral load within patient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Umrao
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory (HMNTL), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology (IGB), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Mengxi Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology (IGB), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Xiaohe Jin
- Atom Bioworks Inc., Cary, North Carolina 27513, United States
| | - Sherwood Yao
- Atom Bioworks Inc., Cary, North Carolina 27513, United States
| | - Xing Wang
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory (HMNTL), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology (IGB), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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19
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Gao S, Niu L, Zhou R, Wang C, Zheng X, Zhang D, Huang X, Guo Z, Zou X. Significance of the antibody orientation for the lateral flow immunoassays: A mini-review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128621. [PMID: 38070797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) are well-established and broadly commercialized tools in the field of point-of-care testing due to their simplicity, rapidity, cost-effectiveness, and low requirements for users and equipment. However, the insensitivity and the possibility of producing inaccurate results associated with conventional LFIAs have impeded their wide-ranging implementation, especially for monitoring ultra-trace level of analytes. Moreover, the heterogeneous distribution of amino acids on the surface of antibody (Ab) results in a lack of precise control over their orientation, which ultimately leads to unsatisfactory detection performance. To address those concerns, herein we provide an overview of the emerging efforts to prepare well-established LFIAs from the perspective of orientation manipulation of immobilized Abs on the nanoprobes or membranes. The preparation of excellent nanoprobes with Abs being oriented immobilized, consisting of the nanoprobe types, Ab types, and their conjugation chemistries, are reviewed. Followed by the introduction of efforts highlight the importance of directionally immobilized Ab on the membrane. The effects of Ab orientation on the analytical performance of LFIA platforms in terms of sensitivity, specificity, rapidity, reliability, cost-effectiveness, and stability are also summarized. Finally, the future development and challenges of Ab-oriented immobilization-assisted LFIAs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Lidan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Condiment Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing 401121, China
| | - Ruiyun Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xueyun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Biological Engineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xianliang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Condiment Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing 401121, China
| | - Zhiming Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing (Jiangsu University), Jiangsu Education Department, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Xiaobo Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Food Intelligent Detection & Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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20
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de Araujo WR, Lukas H, Torres MDT, Gao W, de la Fuente-Nunez C. Low-Cost Biosensor Technologies for Rapid Detection of COVID-19 and Future Pandemics. ACS NANO 2024; 18:1757-1777. [PMID: 38189684 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Many systems have been designed for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, which is the virus that causes COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 is readily transmitted, resulting in the rapid spread of disease in human populations. Frequent testing at the point of care (POC) is a key aspect for controlling outbreaks caused by SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging pathogens, as the early identification of infected individuals can then be followed by appropriate measures of isolation or treatment, maximizing the chances of recovery and preventing infectious spread. Diagnostic tools used for high-frequency testing should be inexpensive, provide a rapid diagnostic response without sophisticated equipment, and be amenable to manufacturing on a large scale. The application of these devices should enable large-scale data collection, help control viral transmission, and prevent disease propagation. Here we review functional nanomaterial-based optical and electrochemical biosensors for accessible POC testing for COVID-19. These biosensors incorporate nanomaterials coupled with paper-based analytical devices and other inexpensive substrates, traditional lateral flow technology (antigen and antibody immunoassays), and innovative biosensing methods. We critically discuss the advantages and disadvantages of nanobiosensor-based approaches compared to widely used technologies such as PCR, ELISA, and LAMP. Moreover, we delineate the main technological, (bio)chemical, translational, and regulatory challenges associated with developing functional and reliable biosensors, which have prevented their translation into the clinic. Finally, we highlight how nanobiosensors, given their unique advantages over existing diagnostic tests, may help in future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Reis de Araujo
- Portable Chemical Sensors Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Heather Lukas
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Marcelo D T Torres
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Wei Gao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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21
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Biswas SK, Bairagi A, Nag S, Bandopadhyay A, Banerjee I, Mondal A, Chakraborty S. Nucleic acid based point-of-care diagnostic technology for infectious disease detection using machine learning empowered smartphone-interfaced quantitative colorimetry. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127137. [PMID: 37776929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
We report a nucleic acid-based point of care testing technology for infectious disease detection at resource limited settings by integrating a low-cost portable device with machine learning-empowered quantitative colorimetric analytics that can be interfaced via a smartphone application. We substantiate our proposition by demonstrating the efficacy of this technology in detecting COVID-19 infection from human swab samples, using the RT-LAMP protocol. Comparison with gold standard results from real-time PCR evidences high sensitivity and specificity, ensuring simplicity, portability, and user-friendliness of the technology at the same time. Colorimetric analytics of the reaction output without necessitating the opening of the reaction microchambers enables execution of the complete test workflow without any laboratory control that may otherwise be required stringently for safeguarding against carryover contamination. Seamless sample-to-answer workflow and machine learning-based readout further assures minimal human intervention for the test readout, thus eliminating inevitable inaccuracies stemming from erroneous execution of the test as well as subjectivity in interpreting the outcome. Our results further indicate the possibilities of upgrading the technology to predict the pathogenic load on the infected patients akin to the cyclic threshold value of the real-time PCR, when calibrated with reference to a wide range of 'training' data for the machine learner, thereby putting forward the same as viable alternative to the resource-intensive PCR tests that cannot be made readily accessible at underserved community settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujay K Biswas
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Ankan Bairagi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Sudip Nag
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Aditya Bandopadhyay
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Indranath Banerjee
- B.C. Roy Technology Hospital, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Arindam Mondal
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
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22
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Huang L, Wang G, Wu Y, Wang Z, Ding Y, Liang H, Hua X. Development of competitive and noncompetitive lateral flow immunoassays for pendimethalin using synthetic peptides. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 191:68. [PMID: 38159155 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06151-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Peptidomimetic and anti-immunocomplex peptides can be easily isolated from phage display libraries, and can be used as alternatives to chemical competing haptens to improve the sensitivity of small molecule immunoassay. In this work, 16 peptidomimetics and 7 anti-immunocomplex peptides of pendimethalin (PND) were obtained from cyclic 7-, 8-, 9-, and 10-residue peptide phage libraries. Peptidomimetic EJ-2 (CMFTGTDFPC) with the highest sensitivity in competitive phage enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunocomplex peptide EF-30 (CNPGWPPIPC) with the highest sensitivity in noncompetitive phage ELISA were selected to prepare phage-free peptides with GGGSSK-biotin at the C-terminus. Competitive and noncompetitive lateral flow immunoassays (CLFIA and NLFIA) were developed by using the phage-free peptides. After optimization, the CLFIA and NLFIA showed visual limit of detections (vLODs) of 5 ng/mL and 2.5 ng/mL, respectively, which were improved two- and fourfold compared with a LFIA based on chemical hapten. The NLFIA showed better sensitivity than CLFIA in the detection of spiked samples, and can meet the detection requirements for agro-products regulated by EU and China. The detection results of CLFIA and NLFIA for blind samples were consistent with that of ultra performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianrun Huang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guixiu Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yanling Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhijia Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuan Ding
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hongwu Liang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Xiude Hua
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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23
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Ding H, Zhang W, Wang SA, Li C, Li W, Liu J, Yu F, Tao Y, Cheng S, Xie H, Chen Y. A semi-quantitative upconversion nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic assay for SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1289682. [PMID: 38149276 PMCID: PMC10750388 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1289682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The unprecedented public health and economic impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been met with an equally unprecedented scientific response. Sensitive point-of-care methods to detect SARS-CoV-2 antigens in clinical specimens are urgently required for the rapid screening of individuals with viral infection. Here, we developed an upconversion nanoparticle-based lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (UCNP-LFIA) for the high-sensitivity detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein. A pair of rabbit SARS-CoV-2 N-specific monoclonal antibodies was conjugated to UCNPs, and the prepared UCNPs were then deposited into the LFIA test strips for detecting and capturing the N protein. Under the test conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) of UCNP-LFIA for the N protein was 3.59 pg/mL, with a linear range of 0.01-100 ng/mL. Compared with that of the current colloidal gold-based LFIA strips, the LOD of the UCNP-LFIA-based method was increased by 100-fold. The antigen recovery rate of the developed method in the simulated pharyngeal swab samples ranged from 91.1 to 117.3%. Furthermore, compared with the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, the developed UCNP-LFIA method showed a sensitivity of 94.73% for 19 patients with COVID-19. Thus, the newly established platform could serve as a promising and convenient fluorescent immunological sensing approach for the efficient screening and diagnosis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanying Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu-an Wang
- Department of Clinic Nutrition, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanting Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Polariton Life Technologies Ltd., Soochow, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Yu
- Polariton Life Technologies Ltd., Soochow, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanru Tao
- Polariton Life Technologies Ltd., Soochow, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siyun Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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24
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Lee S, Bi L, Chen H, Lin D, Mei R, Wu Y, Chen L, Joo SW, Choo J. Recent advances in point-of-care testing of COVID-19. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:8500-8530. [PMID: 37999922 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00709j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Advances in microfluidic device miniaturization and system integration contribute to the development of portable, handheld, and smartphone-compatible devices. These advancements in diagnostics have the potential to revolutionize the approach to detect and respond to future pandemics. Accordingly, herein, recent advances in point-of-care testing (POCT) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using various microdevices, including lateral flow assay strips, vertical flow assay strips, microfluidic channels, and paper-based microfluidic devices, are reviewed. However, visual determination of the diagnostic results using only microdevices leads to many false-negative results due to the limited detection sensitivities of these devices. Several POCT systems comprising microdevices integrated with portable optical readers have been developed to address this issue. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, effective POCT strategies for COVID-19 based on optical detection methods have been established. They can be categorized into fluorescence, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, and wearable sensing. We introduced next-generation pandemic sensing methods incorporating artificial intelligence that can be used to meet global health needs in the future. Additionally, we have discussed appropriate responses of various testing devices to emerging infectious diseases and prospective preventive measures for the post-pandemic era. We believe that this review will be helpful for preparing for future infectious disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
| | - Liyan Bi
- School of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Dong Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Bianzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Rongchao Mei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yixuan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai 264003, China
- School of Pharmacy, Bianzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Sang-Woo Joo
- Department of Information Communication, Materials, and Chemistry Convergence Technology, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, South Korea
| | - Jaebum Choo
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
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25
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Gupta R, Gupta P, Wang S, Melnykov A, Jiang Q, Seth A, Wang Z, Morrissey JJ, George I, Gandra S, Sinha P, Storch GA, Parikh BA, Genin GM, Singamaneni S. Ultrasensitive lateral-flow assays via plasmonically active antibody-conjugated fluorescent nanoparticles. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:1556-1570. [PMID: 36732621 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-01001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Lateral-flow assays (LFAs) are rapid and inexpensive, yet they are nearly 1,000-fold less sensitive than laboratory-based tests. Here we show that plasmonically active antibody-conjugated fluorescent gold nanorods can make conventional LFAs ultrasensitive. With sample-to-answer times within 20 min, plasmonically enhanced LFAs read out via a standard benchtop fluorescence scanner attained about 30-fold improvements in dynamic range and in detection limits over 4-h-long gold-standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and achieved 95% clinical sensitivity and 100% specificity for antibodies in plasma and for antigens in nasopharyngeal swabs from individuals with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Comparable improvements in the assay's performance can also be achieved via an inexpensive portable scanner, as we show for the detection of interleukin-6 in human serum samples and of the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal samples. Plasmonically enhanced LFAs outperform standard laboratory tests in sensitivity, speed, dynamic range, ease of use and cost, and may provide advantages in point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Prashant Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sean Wang
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Anushree Seth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zheyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeremiah J Morrissey
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ige George
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sumanth Gandra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pratik Sinha
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gregory A Storch
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bijal A Parikh
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Guy M Genin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering MechanoBiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Srikanth Singamaneni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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26
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Renzi E, Piper A, Nastri F, Merkoçi A, Lombardi A. An Artificial Miniaturized Peroxidase for Signal Amplification in Lateral Flow Immunoassays. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207949. [PMID: 36942720 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Signal amplification strategies are widely used for improving the sensitivity of lateral flow immunoassays (LFiAs). Herein, the artificial miniaturized peroxidase Fe(III)-MimochromeVI*a (FeMC6*a), immobilized on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), is used as a strategy to obtain catalytic signal amplification in sandwich immunoassays on lateral flow strips. The assay scheme uses AuNPs decorated with the mini-peroxidase FeMC6*a and anti-human-IgG as a detection antibody (dAb), for the detection of human-IgG, as a model analyte. Recognition of the analyte by the capture and detection antibodies is first evidenced by the appearance of a red color in the test line (TL), due to the accumulation of AuNPs. Subsequent addition of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) induces an increase of the test line color, due to the TMB being converted into an insoluble colored product, catalyzed by FeMC6*a. This work shows that FeMC6*a acts as an efficient catalyst in paper, increasing the sensitivity of an LFiA up to four times with respect to a conventional LFiA. Furthermore, FeMC6*a achieves lower limits of detection that are found in control experiments where it is replaced with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), its natural counterpart. This study represents a significant proof-of-concept for the development of more sensitive LFiAs, for different analytes, based on properly designed artificial metalloenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Renzi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 21, Napoli, 80126, Italy
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Institut Català de Nanociència I Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Andrew Piper
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Institut Català de Nanociència I Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Flavia Nastri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 21, Napoli, 80126, Italy
| | - Arben Merkoçi
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Institut Català de Nanociència I Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 21, Napoli, 80126, Italy
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27
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Li X, Yu D, Li H, Sun R, Zhang Z, Zhao T, Guo G, Zeng J, Wen CY. High-density Au nanoshells assembled onto Fe 3O 4 nanoclusters for integrated enrichment and photothermal/colorimetric dual-mode detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 241:115688. [PMID: 37714062 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Traditional lateral flow immunoassays (LFIA) suffer from insufficient sensitivity, difficulty for quantitation, and susceptibility to complex substrates, limiting their practical application. Herein, we developed a polyethylenimine (PEI)-mediated approach for assembling high-density Au nanoshells onto Fe3O4 nanoclusters (MagAushell) as LFIA labels for integrated enrichment and photothermal/colorimetric dual-mode detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N protein). PEI layer served not only as "binders" to Fe3O4 nanoclusters and Au nanoshells, but also "barriers" to ambient environment. Thus, MagAushell not only combined magnetic and photothermal properties, but also showed good stability. With MagAushell, N protein was first separated and enriched from complex samples, and then loaded to the strip for detection. By observation of the color stripes, qualitative detection was performed with naked eye, and by measuring the temperature change under laser irradiation, quantification was attained free of sophisticated instruments. The introduction of Fe3O4 nanoclusters facilitated target purification and enrichment before LFIA, which greatly improved the anti-interference ability and increased the detection sensitivity by 2 orders compared with those without enrichment. Moreover, the high loading density of Au nanoshells on one Fe3O4 nanocluster enhanced the photothermal signal of the nanoprobe significantly, which could further increase the detection sensitivity. The photothermal detection limit reached 43.64 pg/mL which was 1000 times lower than colloidal gold strips. Moreover, this method was successfully applied to real samples, showing great application potential in practice. We envision that this LFIA could serve not only for SARS-CoV-2 detection but also as a general test platform for other biotargets in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China
| | - Dong Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China
| | - Huiwen Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China
| | - Ruichang Sun
- Huangdao Customs of the People's Republic of China, 266580, PR China
| | - Zhuoran Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China
| | - Gengchen Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China
| | - Jingbin Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China.
| | - Cong-Ying Wen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China.
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28
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Lee J, Lee T, Lee HN, Kim H, Kang YK, Ryu S, Chung HJ. Simple and Multiplexed Detection of Nucleic Acid Targets Based on Fluorescent Ring Patterns and Deep Learning Analysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:54335-54345. [PMID: 37970793 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Simple diagnostic tests for nucleic acid targets can provide great advantages for applications such as rapid pathogen detection. Here, we developed a membrane assay for multiplexed detection of nucleic acid targets based on the visualization of two-dimensional fluorescent ring patterns. A droplet of the assay solution is applied to a cellulose nitrate membrane, and upon radial chromatographic flow and evaporation of the solvent, fluorescent patterns appear under UV irradiation. The target nucleic acid is isothermally amplified and is immediately hybridized with fluorescent oligonucleotide probes in a one-pot reaction. We established the fluorescent ring assay integrated with isothermal amplification (iFluor-RFA = isothermal fluorescent ring-based radial flow assay), and feasibility was tested using nucleic acid targets of the receptor binding domain (RBD) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) genes of SARS-CoV-2. We demonstrate that the iFluor-RFA method is capable of specific and sensitive detection in the subpicomole range, as well as multiplexed detection even in complex solutions. Furthermore, we applied deep learning analysis of the fluorescence images, showing that patterns could be classified as positive or negative and that quantitative amounts of the target could be predicted. The current technique, which is a membrane pattern-based nucleic acid assay combined with deep learning analysis, provides a novel approach in diagnostic platform development that can be versatilely applied for the rapid detection of infectious pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Taegu Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Neul Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoungsoo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Kyung Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwa Ryu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Lee S, Yoo YK, Han SI, Lee D, Cho SY, Park C, Lee D, Yoon DS, Lee JH. Advancing diagnostic efficacy using a computer vision-assisted lateral flow assay for influenza and SARS-CoV-2 detection. Analyst 2023; 148:6001-6010. [PMID: 37882491 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01189e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Lateral flow assays (LFAs) have emerged as indispensable tools for point-of-care testing during the pandemic era. However, the interpretation of results through unassisted visual inspection by untrained individuals poses inherent limitations. In our study, we propose a novel approach that combines computer vision (CV) and lightweight machine learning (ML) to overcome these limitations and significantly enhance the performance of LFAs. By incorporating CV-assisted analysis into the LFA assay, we achieved a remarkable three-fold improvement in analytical sensitivity for detecting Influenza A and for SARS-CoV-2 detection. The obtained R2 values reached approximately 0.95, respectively, demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach. Moreover, the integration of CV techniques with LFAs resulted in a substantial amplification of the colorimetric signal specifically for COVID-19 positive patient samples. Our proposed approach, which incorporates a simple machine learning algorithm, provides substantial enhancements in assay sensitivity, improving diagnostic efficacy and accessibility of point-of-care testing without requiring significant additional resources. Moreover, the simplicity of the machine learning algorithm enables its standalone use on a mobile phone, further enhancing its practicality for point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmin Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Kyoung Yoo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Catholic Kwandong University, 24, Beomil-ro 579 beon-gil, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do 25601, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Il Han
- CALTH Inc., Changeop-ro 54, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13449, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Lee
- CALTH Inc., Changeop-ro 54, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13449, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Yeon Cho
- Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulmin Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongtak Lee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dae Sung Yoon
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
- Astrion Inc., Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea.
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Brannetti S, Gentile S, Chamorro-Garcia A, Barbero L, Del Grosso E, Ricci F. Decorated DNA-Based Scaffolds as Lateral Flow Biosensors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313243. [PMID: 37804080 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Here we develop Lateral Flow Assays (LFAs) that employ as functional elements DNA-based structures decorated with reporter tags and recognition elements. We have rationally re-engineered tile-based DNA tubular structures that can act as scaffolds and can be decorated with recognition elements of different nature (i.e. antigens, aptamers or proteins) and with orthogonal fluorescent dyes. As a proof-of-principle we have developed sandwich and competitive multiplex lateral flow platforms for the detection of several targets, ranging from small molecules (digoxigenin, Dig and dinitrophenol, DNP), to antibodies (Anti-Dig, Anti-DNP and Anti-MUC1/EGFR bispecific antibodies) and proteins (thrombin). Coupling the advantages of functional DNA-based scaffolds together with the simplicity of LFAs, our approach offers the opportunity to detect a wide range of targets with nanomolar sensitivity and high specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Brannetti
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Gentile
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Alejandro Chamorro-Garcia
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Barbero
- RBM-Merck an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Via Ribes 1, 10010, Turin, Italy
| | - Erica Del Grosso
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Ricci
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
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31
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Nie W, Zhang R, Hu C, Jin T, Wei X, Cui H. A self-enhanced electrochemiluminescence array chip for portable label-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein with smartphone. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 240:115662. [PMID: 37669588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection plays a key role in the rapid diagnosis of COVID-19. However, current clinically used immunoassays are often limited by assay throughput, sensitivity, accuracy, and field operating conditions. To address these challenges, we constructed a self-enhanced electrochemiluminescence (ECL) array chip (SE2AC) for highly sensitive and label-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N protein) with a facile and portable assay setup. Firstly, the self-enhanced ECL nanomaterials with inherent film-forming properties were synthesized by co-doping Ru(bpy)32+ and polyethyleneimine (PEI) in silica nanoparticles (Ru/PEI@SiO2). Secondly, a resistance-induced potential difference-based single-electrode electrochemical system (SEES) was adapted to serve as the electrode array to facilitate one-step assembly without the need for chip alignment. Thirdly, the chip electrode array was functionalized with the synthesized self-enhanced ECL emitters and captured antibodies. In addition, a portable detection box equipped with a smartphone was 3D-printed to serve as the chip holder and "dark room" for imaging acquisition. The SE2AC performance was validated with N protein with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.47 pg/mL in the range of 1-10,000 pg/mL. Furthermore, the chip successfully detected the viral antigen residue as low as 1.92 pg/mL from diluted rehabilitation patients' serum samples. This is the first study reporting label-free detection of SARS-Cov-2 N protein based on a self-enhanced ECL immunosensor, which provides a novel facile method for highly sensitive diagnosis of COVID-19 with high throughput, portability, and low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Nie
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Ruoxian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Chao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Laboratory of Structural Immunology, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, PR China
| | - Xi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China.
| | - Hua Cui
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China.
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Singh A, Hassen WM, St-Onge R, Dubowski JJ. Galvanic Displacement Reaction Enabled Specific and Sensitive Detection of Bacteria with a Digital Photocorrosion GaAs/AlGaAs Biosensor. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:21768-21776. [PMID: 37969924 PMCID: PMC10641864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c05200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The conjugation of ionic gold with bacterial antibodies makes it possible to induce a specific interaction between targeted bacteria and the surface of a GaAs/AlGaAs biochip. The process of immobilization is based on a galvanic displacement reaction (GDR) involving electron transfer between GaAs and Au3+ ions that leads to the formation of a Au-Ga alloy anchoring bacteria to the biochip surface. The GDR-based immobilization of Escherichia coli on biochips comprising a stack of GaAs/AlGaAs nanolayers (dGaAs = 12 nm, dAlGaAs = 10 nm) was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy-based infrared experiments. We report the successful application of this approach for highly sensitive detection of E. coli with a digital photocorrosion (DIP) biosensor. The photoluminescence (PL) monitored DIP of GaAs/AlGaAs nanolayers results in the formation of a PL intensity maximum whose temporal appearance depends on the electric charge transfer between bacteria and the biochip. The formation of a robust bacteria-biochip interface achieved with the GDR process allowed us to observe the role of bacteria on the temporal position of a PL intensity maximum related to the etching of two pairs of GaAs/AlGaAs nanolayers extending up to 24 nm below the biochip surface. We demonstrate the attractive detection of E. coli at 250 CFU/mL, and we discuss the potential of this approach for designing a family of biosensors addressing the quasi-continuous monitoring of a water environment for the presence of pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanpreet Singh
- Laboratory for Quantum Semiconductors
and Photon-Based BioNanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Institute for
Technological Innovation (3IT), CNRS IRL-3463, Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Université
de Sherbrooke, 3000 boul. de l’Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 0A5, Canada
| | - Walid M. Hassen
- Laboratory for Quantum Semiconductors
and Photon-Based BioNanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Institute for
Technological Innovation (3IT), CNRS IRL-3463, Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Université
de Sherbrooke, 3000 boul. de l’Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 0A5, Canada
| | - René St-Onge
- Laboratory for Quantum Semiconductors
and Photon-Based BioNanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Institute for
Technological Innovation (3IT), CNRS IRL-3463, Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Université
de Sherbrooke, 3000 boul. de l’Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 0A5, Canada
| | - Jan J. Dubowski
- Laboratory for Quantum Semiconductors
and Photon-Based BioNanotechnology, Interdisciplinary Institute for
Technological Innovation (3IT), CNRS IRL-3463, Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Université
de Sherbrooke, 3000 boul. de l’Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 0A5, Canada
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Kim L, Jo S, Kim GJ, Kim KH, Seo SE, Ryu E, Shin CJ, Kim YK, Choi JW, Kwon OS. Recombinant protein embedded liposome on gold nanoparticle based on LSPR method to detect Corona virus. NANO CONVERGENCE 2023; 10:51. [PMID: 37902883 PMCID: PMC10615991 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-023-00399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Antibody sensor to detect viruses has been widely used but has problems such as the difficulty of right direction control of the receptor site on solid substrate, and long time and high cost for design and production of antibodies to new emerging viruses. The virus detection sensor with a recombinant protein embedded liposome (R/Li) was newly developed to solve the above problems, in which R/Li was assembled on AuNPs (Au@R/Li) to increase the sensitivity using localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) method. Recombinant angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) was used as host receptors of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, and the direction of enzyme active site for virus attachment could be controlled by the integration with liposome. The recombinant protein embedded liposomes were assembled on AuNPs, and LSPR method was used for detection. With the sensor platform S1 protein of both viruses was detected with detection limit of 10 pg/ml and SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples was detected with 10 ~ 35 Ct values. In the selectivity test, MERS-CoV did not show a signal due to no binding with Au@R/Li. The proposed sensor platform can be used as promising detection method with high sensitivity and selectivity for the early and simple diagnosis of new emerging viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Kim
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjae Jo
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Ji Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Kim
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Eun Seo
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsu Ryu
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Jae Shin
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Kyung Kim
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Choi
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea.
| | - Oh Seok Kwon
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Nano Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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34
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Yari P, Liang S, Chugh VK, Rezaei B, Mostufa S, Krishna VD, Saha R, Cheeran MCJ, Wang JP, Gómez-Pastora J, Wu K. Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 and Future Epidemics. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15419-15449. [PMID: 37826859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Parsa Yari
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Vinit Kumar Chugh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Bahareh Rezaei
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Shahriar Mostufa
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Venkatramana Divana Krishna
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Renata Saha
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Maxim C-J Cheeran
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jenifer Gómez-Pastora
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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Hallerbach K, Khederlou K, Wentland L, Senten L, Brentano S, Keefe B, Fu E. Protein-Based Anchoring Methods for Nucleic Acid Detection in Lateral Flow Format Assays. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1936. [PMID: 37893373 PMCID: PMC10608873 DOI: 10.3390/mi14101936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The use of lateral flow assays to detect nucleic acid targets has many applications including point-of-care diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food safety. A sandwich format, similar to that in protein immunoassays, is often used to capture the target nucleic acid sequence with an immobilized complementary strand anchored to a substrate, and then to visualize this event using a complementary label nucleic acid bound to a nanoparticle label. A critical component of high-sensitivity nucleic acid detection is to utilize high-density capture surfaces for the effective capture of target nucleic acid. Multiple methods have been reported, including the use of streptavidin-based protein anchors that can be adsorbed to the lateral flow substrate and that can utilize the high-affinity streptavidin-biotin linkage to bind biotinylated nucleic acid capture sequences for subsequent target nucleic acid binding. However, these protein anchors have not been systematically characterized for use in the context of nucleic acid detection. In this work, we characterize several protein-based anchors on nitrocellulose for (i) capturing the robustness of the attachment of the protein anchor, (ii) capturing nucleic acid density, and (iii) targeting nucleic acid capture. Further, we demonstrate the signal gains in target nucleic acid hybridization made by increasing the density of capture nucleic acid on a nitrocellulose substrate using multiple applications of protein loading onto nitrocellulose. Finally, we use our high-density capture surfaces to demonstrate high-sensitivity nucleic acid detection in a lateral flow assay (in the context of a SARS-CoV-2 sequence), achieving a LOD of approximately 0.2 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Hallerbach
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Khadijeh Khederlou
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Lael Wentland
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Lana Senten
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | | | | | - Elain Fu
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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36
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Sena-Torralba A, Banguera-Ordoñez YD, Mira-Pascual L, Maquieira Á, Morais S. Exploring the potential of paper-based electrokinetic phenomena in PoC biosensing. Trends Biotechnol 2023; 41:1299-1313. [PMID: 37150668 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In order to decentralize health care, the development of point-of-care (PoC) assays has gained significant attention in recent decades. The lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) has emerged as a promising bioanalytical method due to its low cost and single-step detection process. However, its limited sensitivity and inability to detect disease biomarkers at clinically relevant levels have hindered its application for early diagnosis. This review explores the potential of merging different electrokinetic phenomena into paper-based assays to enhance their analytical performance, offering a versatile and affordable approach for PoC testing. The review exposes the challenges faced in integrating electrokinetic phenomena with paper-based biosensing and concludes by discussing the issues that need to be improved to maximize the potential of this technology for early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amadeo Sena-Torralba
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Yulieth D Banguera-Ordoñez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laia Mira-Pascual
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángel Maquieira
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergi Morais
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
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Derin DÇ, Gültekin E, Taşkın Iİ, Otlu B, Öktem HA. Designing of rapid assay for the detection of RdRp/Orf1ab specific to SARS-CoV-2. J Virol Methods 2023; 320:114774. [PMID: 37460042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is still threat and mostly used detection method is real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) for the open reading frame (Orf1ab), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), nucleocapsid (N) and envelope (E) genes of virus. However, rRT-PCR may have false negative rate for the nucleic acid detection. Since the RdRp/Orf1ab has high sensitivity for the molecular detection, two sandwich models, Model 1A-Model 1B, based on hybridization on lateral flow assay (LFA) were designed here and applied with the synthetic and clinical samples of RdRp/Orf1ab. In this purpose colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were used as label. Membranes having different flow rate, three oligonucleotide probe concentrations and running buffers were used. Although synthetic target sequence was recognized by all the LFAs, PCR products obtained from either the synthetic plasmid DNA or oro/nasopharyngeal swabs were detected by Model 1 A using W12 membrane. Designed strip assays detected the RdRp/Orf1ab of the clinical samples as 100% sensitivity and specifity. It means that they might be used for the detection of virus and can be modified for the recognition of mutant genes of virus. These findings also demonstrated the importance of membranes, sandwich models, probe concentrations and sample contents for developing LFAs for viral detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Çam Derin
- Inonu University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 44280 Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Enes Gültekin
- Inonu University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
| | - Irmak İçen Taşkın
- Inonu University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
| | - Barış Otlu
- Inonu University, Department of Medical Microbiology, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Avni Öktem
- Middle East Technical University, Department of Biological Sciences, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; Nanobiz Technology Inc., Gallium Block No: 27/218, METU Technopolis, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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38
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Nishimura K, Kitazawa H, Kawahata T, Yuhara K, Masuya T, Kuroita T, Waki K, Koike S, Isobe M, Kurosawa N. The development of a highly sensitive and quantitative SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen test applying newly developed monoclonal antibodies to an automated chemiluminescent flow-through membrane immunoassay device. BMC Immunol 2023; 24:34. [PMID: 37752417 PMCID: PMC10523765 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-023-00567-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid and accurate diagnosis of individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection is an effective way to prevent and control the spread of COVID-19. Although the detection of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA by RT-qPCR is the gold standard for COVID-19 testing, the use of antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) is emerging as a complementary surveillance tool as Omicron case numbers skyrocket worldwide. However, the results from Ag-RDTs are less accurate in individuals with low viral loads. RESULTS To develop a highly sensitive and accurate Ag-RDT, 90 monoclonal antibodies were raised from guinea pigs immunized with SARS CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (CoV-2-NP). By applying a capture antibody recognizing the structural epitope of the N-terminal domain of CoV-2-NP and a detection antibody recognizing the C-terminal tail of CoV-2-NP to an automated chemiluminescence flow-through membrane immunoassay device, we developed a novel Ag-RDT, CoV-2-POCube. The CoV-2-POCube exclusively recognizes CoV-2-NP variants but not the nucleocapsid proteins of other human coronaviruses. The CoV-2-POCube achieved a limit of detection sensitivity of 0.20 ~ 0.66 pg/mL of CoV-2-NPs, demonstrating more than 100 times greater sensitivity than commercially available SARS-CoV-2 Ag-RDTs. CONCLUSIONS CoV-2-POCube has high analytical sensitivity and can detect SARS-CoV-2 variants in 15 min without observing the high-dose hook effect, thus meeting the need for early SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis with lower viral load. CoV-2-POCube is a promising alternative to currently available diagnostic devices for faster clinical decision making in individuals with suspected COVID-19 in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Nishimura
- Bio-Science & Medical Research Unit, Corporate Research Center, TOYOBO CO., LTD., 2-1-1 Katata, Otsu-Shi, Shiga, 520-0243, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kitazawa
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, TOYOBO CO., LTD., 10-24, Toyo-Cho, Tsuruga-Shi, Fukui, 914-8550, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawahata
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, TOYOBO CO., LTD., 10-24, Toyo-Cho, Tsuruga-Shi, Fukui, 914-8550, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yuhara
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, TOYOBO CO., LTD., 10-24, Toyo-Cho, Tsuruga-Shi, Fukui, 914-8550, Japan
| | - Takahiro Masuya
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, TOYOBO CO., LTD., 10-24, Toyo-Cho, Tsuruga-Shi, Fukui, 914-8550, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kuroita
- Biotechnology Operating Department, TOYOBO CO., LTD., 1-13-1 Umeda, Kita-Ku, Osaka, 530-0001, Japan
| | - Kentarou Waki
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Education, University of Toyama, Toyama-Shi, Gofuku, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Seiichi Koike
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama-Shi, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Masaharu Isobe
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama-Shi, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kurosawa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama-Shi, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan.
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Dey MK, Iftesum M, Devireddy R, Gartia MR. New technologies and reagents in lateral flow assay (LFA) designs for enhancing accuracy and sensitivity. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:4351-4376. [PMID: 37615701 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00844d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are a popular method for quick and affordable diagnostic testing because they are easy to use, portable, and user-friendly. However, LFA design has always faced challenges regarding sensitivity, accuracy, and complexity of the operation. By integrating new technologies and reagents, the sensitivity and accuracy of LFAs can be improved while minimizing the complexity and potential for false positives. Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), photoacoustic techniques, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and the integration of smartphones and thermal readers can improve LFA accuracy and sensitivity. To ensure reliable and accurate results, careful assay design and validation, appropriate controls, and optimization of assay conditions are necessary. Continued innovation in LFA technology is crucial to improving the reliability and accuracy of rapid diagnostic testing and expanding its applications to various areas, such as food testing, water quality monitoring, and environmental testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Kumar Dey
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Maria Iftesum
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Ram Devireddy
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Manas Ranjan Gartia
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Aloraij Y, Suaifan GARY, Shibl A, Al-Kattan K, Zourob MM. Development of Rapid Aptamer-Based Screening Assay for the Detection of Covid-19 Variants. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:32877-32883. [PMID: 37720766 PMCID: PMC10500687 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of a colorimetric severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detection assay with the WHO published ASSURED criteria is reported, in which the biosensor should have the following characteristics of (i) being affordable for low-income communities, (ii) sensitive, (iii) specific, (iv) user-friendly to be used by non-skilled personnel, (v) rapid and robust, (vi) equipment-free, and (vii) delivered to the end-users as a simple and easy to use point-of-care tool. Early viral infection detection prevents virus spread and controls the epidemic. We herein report the development of a colorimetric assay in which SARS-COV-2 variants can be detected by colorimetric observation of color on the sensing cotton swab surface. Using the developed biosensor assay, it is possible to discriminate between the various SARS-CoV-2 variants with a LOD of 100 ng/mL within 4 min including sample preconcentration and incubation step. The results illustrated the development of a SARS-CoV-2 colorimetric biosensor that can be mass produced, with low-reagent cost, and can be read-out visually in the field by nonskilled personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumna
M. Aloraij
- Department
of Chemistry, Alfaisal University, Al Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, AlTakhassusi
Rd, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadeer A. R. Y. Suaifan
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Atef Shibl
- College
of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Al Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Al
Takhassusi Rd, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Al-Kattan
- College
of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Al Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Al
Takhassusi Rd, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Zourob
- Department
of Chemistry, Alfaisal University, Al Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, AlTakhassusi
Rd, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
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Hamd-Ghadareh S, Salimi A, Vaziry A. Ultrasensitive Ratiometric Fluorescence Bioassay for Accurate Detection of Covid-19-Specific Nucleocapsid Protein in Clinical Serum Samples Using Modified Cleavable Mesoporous SiO 2 Satellite-Enriched Carbon Dots. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5279-5292. [PMID: 37606622 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Due to the presence of various autofluorescent compounds in biological samples like serum and the photobleaching of organic fluorophores, fluorescence sensing has limited practical applicability. This study describes the development of an improved ratiometric fluorescence assay to determine the nucleocapsid protein (N protein), one of the most conserved biomarkers of Covid-19 in spiked and serum samples using highly stable buffer-based near IR-dual emission carbon dots (CDs) encapsulated into the cavities of cleavable silica nanocapsule (SNCs) nanocomposite. The cavities of cleavable silica nanocapsules (SNCs) and the formed core-shell CDs@ SNCs were used as a superior reservoir of fluorescent markers produced by cohydrolyzing tetraethyl orthosilicate and diiminosilane linker, which held hundreds of CDs in silica shell frameworks. The SiO2 nanocomposite was modified with an N protein antibody that specifically paired to the receptor binding region of the Cov-19 spike protein subunit. CDs were taken out of SNCs by NaBH4 reduction, and the released CDs exhibited dual emission at 475 and 675 nm when excited at 400 nm. Ratiometric detection is completed over a binding-induced, concentration-dependent immuno-affinity of the N protein that drives the fluorescence quenching phenomenon between the CDs as fluorophore and the AuNPs as quencher. As the N protein concentration increased, the intensity of the red emission (675 nm) dropped, whereas the intensity of the green emission (475 nm) already remained constant, which is due to sandwich immunoassays of CDs around AuNPs. Using the exceptional fluorescent characteristics of CDs and the high selectivity of nanocomposite functionalized with N-protein antibody, the developed assay efficiently eliminates the autofluorescence background interference of serum samples. The fluorescence ratio (I475/I675) provides a limit of detection of 2 pg mL-1 over a linear range of 0.01 to 5 ng mL-1 and exhibits an amplified sensitivity of 54 times compared to conventional immunoassay using CDs as fluorescent labels. With one-step signal amplification and requiring small sample quantities (only 20 μL), this sensing platform can be effectively used for the accurate detection of N protein, and no cross-reactivity is detected in the presence of different interfering agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdollah Salimi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kurdistan, 66177-15175, Sanandaj-Iran
- Research Center for Nanotechnology, University of Kurdistan, 66177-15175 Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Asaad Vaziry
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, 66177-15175 Sanandaj, Iran
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Lee K, Choi MJ, Cho MH, Choi DO, Bhoo SH. Antibody production and characterization of the nucleoprotein of sever fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) for effective diagnosis of SFTSV. Virol J 2023; 20:206. [PMID: 37679757 PMCID: PMC10486111 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an infectious disease caused by the Dabie bandavirus, [or SFTS virus (SFTSV)] that has become increasingly widespread since it was first reported in 2009. The SFTSV comprises three essential single-stranded RNA gene segments, with the S segment encoding the nucleocapsid (N) protein. Since the N protein is the most abundant and stable viral protein, it is a useful diagnostic marker of infection. Various SFTSV N-protein-based detection methods have been developed. However, given the limited research on antibodies of an SFTSV N-protein, here we report the characterization of the antibodies against SFTSV N protein especially their mapping results which is essential for more efficient and optimized detection of SFTSV. METHODS To generate SFTSV-N-protein-specific monoclonal antibodies, recombinant full-length SFTSV N protein was expressed in E. coli, and the purified N protein was immunized to mice. The binding epitope positions of the antibodies generated were identified through binding-domain mapping. An antibody pair test using a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) was performed to identify effective diagnostic combinations of paired antibodies. RESULTS Nine monoclonal antibodies specific for the SFTSV N protein were generated. Antibodies #3(B4E2) and #5(B4D9) were specific for sequential epitopes, while the remainder were specific for conformational epitopes. Antibody #4(C2G1) showed the highest affinity for the SFTSV N protein. The binding domain mapping results indicated the binding regions of the antibodies were divided into three groups. The antibody pair test demonstrated that #3(B4E2)/#4(C2G1) and #4(C2G1)/#5(B4D9) were effective antibody pairs for SFTSV diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Effective virus detection requires at least two strong antibodies recognizing separate epitope binding sites of the virus antigen. Here, we generated SFTSV-N-protein-specific monoclonal antibodies and subsequently performed epitope mapping and an antibody pair test to enhance the diagnostic efficiency and accuracy of SFTSV. Confirmation of epitope mappings and their combination immune response to the N protein provide valuable information for effective detection of SFTSV as well as can respond actively to detect a variant SFTSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungha Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Min Ji Choi
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Man-Ho Cho
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Dong Ok Choi
- Bore Da Biotech, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13209, Korea
| | - Seong-Hee Bhoo
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea.
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Ijadi Bajestani M, Ahmadzadeh H. Modified polysulfone membrane facilitates rapid separation of plasma from whole blood for an effective anti-SARS-CoV-2-IgM diagnosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13712. [PMID: 37608047 PMCID: PMC10444766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40871-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
During the outbreak of coronavirus, RT-PCR was the premier gold standard method for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) diagnosis. However, the sophisticated procedure of RT-PCR persuades researchers to develop sustainable point-of-need immunoassay methods for tracing unwitting carriers of SARSCoV-2. Herein, by fabricating a modified polysulfone (MPSF) membrane, we developed an integrated radial flow immunoassay (IRFIA) platform as a point-of-care system, capable of multiplying the immunoassays at a short run time. The target molecule is the SARSCoV-2 IgM in separated plasma. Although the lateral flow immunoassay kits for the rapid identification of Covid-19 have already been commercially developed but, the proposed method is superior to the conventional lateral flow immunoassay. In the newly designed membrane system, we have combined the five membranes of prevalent lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) strips in one polymeric membrane. The MPSF membrane is capable of separating plasma from whole blood sample, which will reduce the interference of red colour of hemoglobin with generated signal and enhance the immunoassay precision. The efficiency of plasma separation, reached the mean value of 97.34 v/v% in 5 s. Furthermore, the gel electrophoresis results of the separated plasma contrasted with centrifuged plasma sample, demonstrated more efficient separation by the membrane. Using the MPSF membrane, signal generation time reduced from about 20 min in conventional rapid test strip for Covid-19 to about 7 min in IRFIA platform. The sensitivity and specificity of the membrane platform were determined to be 89% and 90%, respectively and a Kappa coefficient of 0.79 showed reliable agreement between the RT-PCR and the membrane system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ijadi Bajestani
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 9177948974, Iran
| | - Hossein Ahmadzadeh
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 9177948974, Iran.
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Wang S, Qu F, Zhang R, Jin T, Zheng T, Shu J, Cui H. Emission Onset Time-Adjustable Chemiluminescent Gold Nanoparticles with Ultrastrong Emission for Smartphone-Based Immunoassay of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antigen. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12497-12504. [PMID: 37560897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, our group reported a chemical timer approach to manipulate the onset time of chemiluminescence (CL) emission. However, it is still in the proof-of-concept stage, and its analytical applications have not been explored yet. Nanomaterials have merits of good catalytic effect, large specific surface area, good biocompatibility, and ease of self-assembly, which are ideal for constructing analytical-interfaces for bioassays. Herein, an emission onset time-adjustable chemiluminescent L012-Au/Mn2+ was synthesized for the first time by modifying Mn2+ on the surface of L012-protected gold nanoparticle. By using H2O2 and NaHCO3 as coreactants, L012-Au/Mn2+ could not only generate an ultrastrong and long-time CL emission but also its CL emission onset time could be adjusted by the addition of thiourea, which could effectively eliminate interference from the addition of coreactants, shorten the exposure time, reduce the detection background, and finally achieve high sensitivity CL imaging analysis. On this basis, a label-free CL immunoassay was constructed with a smartphone-based imaging system for high-throughput and sensitive determination of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 nucleocapsid (N) protein. The CL image of the immunoassay with different concentrations of N proteins was captured in one photograph 100 s after the injection of H2O2 with a short exposure time of 0.5 s. The immunoassay showed good linearity over the concentration range of 1 pg/mL to 10 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.13 pg/mL, which was much lower than the reported CCD imaging detection method. In addition, it showed good selectivity and stability and was successfully applied in serum samples from healthy individuals and COVID-19 rehabilitation patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Fajin Qu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ruoxian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Laboratory of Structural Immunology, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P. R. China
| | - Tianhua Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jiangnan Shu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hua Cui
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Liang Y, Xiao M, Xie J, Li J, Zhang Y, Liu H, Zhang Y, He J, Zhang G, Wei N, Peng LM, Ke Y, Zhang ZY. Amplification-Free Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Down to Single Virus Level by Portable Carbon Nanotube Biosensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2208198. [PMID: 37046180 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202208198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The rapid and sensitive detection of trace-level viruses in a simple and reliable way is of great importance for epidemic prevention and control. Here, a multi-functionalized floating gate carbon nanotube field effect transistor (FG-CNT FET) based biosensor is reported for the single virus level detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus antigen and RNA rapidly with a portable sensing platform. The aptamers functionalized sensors can detect SARS-CoV-2 antigens from unprocessed nasopharyngeal swab samples within 1 min. Meanwhile, enhanced by a multi-probe strategy, the FG-CNT FET-based biosensor can detect the long chain RNA directly without amplification down to single virus level within 1 min. The device, constructed with packaged sensor chips and a portable sensing terminal, can distinguish 10 COVID-19 patients from 10 healthy individuals in clinical tests both by the RNAs and antigens by a combination detection strategy with an combined overall percent agreement (OPA) close to 100%. The results provide a general and simple method to enhance the sensitivity of FET-based biochemical sensors for the detection of nucleic acid molecules and demonstrate that the CNT FG FET biosensor is a versatile and reliable integrated platform for ultrasensitive multibiomarker detection without amplification and has great potential for point-of-care (POC) clinical tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Liang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Mengmeng Xiao
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Hunan, 411105, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jiahao Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Hunan, 411105, China
| | - Jianping He
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Hunan, 411105, China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Nan Wei
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lian-Mao Peng
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Hunan, 411105, China
| | - Yuehua Ke
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Hunan, 411105, China
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Ma P, Liu J, Pang S, Zhou W, Yu H, Wang M, Dong T, Wang Y, Wang Q, Liu A. Biopanning of specific peptide for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based antigen assay. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1264:341300. [PMID: 37230729 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread worldwide which triggered serious public health issues. The search for rapid and accurate diagnosis, effective prevention, and treatment is urgent. The nucleocapsid protein (NP) of SARS-CoV-2 is one of the main structural proteins expressed and most abundant in the virus, and is considered a diagnostic marker for the accurate and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2. Herein, we report the screening of specific peptides from the pIII phage library that bind to SARS-CoV-2 NP. The phage monoclone expressing cyclic peptide N1 (peptide sequence, ACGTKPTKFC, with C&C bridged by disulfide bonding) specifically recognizes SARS-CoV-2 NP. Molecular docking studies reveal that the identified peptide is bound to the "pocket" region on the SARS-CoV-2 NP N-terminal domain mainly by forming a hydrogen bonding network and through hydrophobic interaction. Peptide N1 with the C-terminal linker was synthesized as the capture probe for SARS-CoV-2 NP in ELISA. The peptide-based ELISA was capable of assaying SARS-CoV-2 NP at concentrations as low as 61 pg/mL (∼1.2 pM). Furthermore, the as-proposed method could detect the SARS-CoV-2 virus at limits as low as 50 TCID50 (median tissue culture infective dose)/mL. This study demonstrates that selected peptides are powerful biomolecular tools for SARS-CoV-2 detection, providing a new and inexpensive method of rapidly screening infections as well as rapidly diagnosing coronavirus disease 2019 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxin Ma
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Rd, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Junchong Liu
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Rd, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Shuang Pang
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Rd, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Haipeng Yu
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Rd, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Mingyang Wang
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Rd, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Tao Dong
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Rd, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Rd, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qiqin Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Aihua Liu
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Rd, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Tang YN, Jiang D, Wang X, Liu Y, Wei D. Recent progress on rapid diagnosis of COVID-19 by point-of-care testing platforms. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023:108688. [PMID: 37362324 PMCID: PMC10266891 DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 has drawn great attention around the world. SARS-CoV-2 is a highly infectious virus with occult transmission by many mutations and a long incubation period. In particular, the emergence of asymptomatic infections has made the epidemic even more severe. Therefore, early diagnosis and timely management of suspected cases are essential measures to control the spread of the virus. Developing simple, portable, and accurate diagnostic techniques for SARS-CoV-2 is the key to epidemic prevention. The advantages of point-of-care testing technology make it play an increasingly important role in viral detection and screening. This review summarizes the point-of-care testing platforms developed by nucleic acid detection, immunological detection, and nanomaterial-based biosensors detection. Furthermore, this paper provides a prospect for designing future highly accurate, cheap, and convenient SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dingding Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Institute of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dacheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Tao S, Zhao X, Bao D, Liu X, Zhang W, Zhao L, Tang Y, Wu H, Ye H, Yang Y, Deng D. SARS-Cov-2 Spike-S1 Antigen Test Strip with High Sensitivity Endowed by High-Affinity Antibodies and Brightly Fluorescent QDs/Silica Nanospheres. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:27612-27623. [PMID: 37265327 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The extensive research into developing novel strategies for detecting respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigens in clinical specimens, especially the sensitive point-of-care testing method, is still urgently needed to reach rapid screening of viral infections. Herein, a new lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) platform was reported for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike-S1 protein antigens, in which four sensitive and specific SARS-CoV-2 mouse monoclonal antibodies (MmAbs) were tailored by using quantum dot (QD)-loaded dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles modified further for achieving the -COOH group surface coating (named Q/S-COOH nanospheres). Importantly, compact QD adsorption was achieved in mesoporous channels of silica nanoparticles on account of highly accessible central-radial pores and electrostatic interactions, leading to significant signal amplification. As such, a limit of detection for SARS-CoV-2 spike-S1 testing was found to be 0.03 ng/mL, which is lower compared with those of AuNPs-LFIA (traditional colloidal gold nanoparticles, Au NPs) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. These results show that optimizing the affinity of antibody and the intensity of fluorescent nanospheres simultaneously is of great significance to improve the sensitivity of LFIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Tao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- China Regional Research Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Dongping Bao
- China Regional Research Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Xuecheng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Liying Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yujiao Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hongbin Wu
- Jiangsu Huatai Vaccine Engineering Technology Research Co., Ltd., Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Huayue Ye
- Jiangsu Huatai Vaccine Engineering Technology Research Co., Ltd., Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Yili Yang
- China Regional Research Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Dawei Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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Dong T, Wang M, Liu J, Ma P, Pang S, Liu W, Liu A. Diagnostics and analysis of SARS-CoV-2: current status, recent advances, challenges and perspectives. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6149-6206. [PMID: 37325147 PMCID: PMC10266450 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06665c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The disastrous spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has induced severe public healthcare issues and weakened the global economy significantly. Although SARS-CoV-2 infection is not as fatal as the initial outbreak, many infected victims suffer from long COVID. Therefore, rapid and large-scale testing is critical in managing patients and alleviating its transmission. Herein, we review the recent advances in techniques to detect SARS-CoV-2. The sensing principles are detailed together with their application domains and analytical performances. In addition, the advantages and limits of each method are discussed and analyzed. Besides molecular diagnostics and antigen and antibody tests, we also review neutralizing antibodies and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Further, the characteristics of the mutational locations in the different variants with epidemiological features are summarized. Finally, the challenges and possible strategies are prospected to develop new assays to meet different diagnostic needs. Thus, this comprehensive and systematic review of SARS-CoV-2 detection technologies may provide insightful guidance and direction for developing tools for the diagnosis and analysis of SARS-CoV-2 to support public healthcare and effective long-term pandemic management and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dong
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 China
- School of Pharmacy, Medical College, Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Mingyang Wang
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Junchong Liu
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Pengxin Ma
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Shuang Pang
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Wanjian Liu
- Qingdao Hightop Biotech Co., Ltd 369 Hedong Road, Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone Qingdao 266112 China
| | - Aihua Liu
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 China
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Vafabakhsh M, Dadmehr M, Kazemi Noureini S, Es'haghi Z, Malekkiani M, Hosseini M. Paper-based colorimetric detection of COVID-19 using aptasenor based on biomimetic peroxidase like activity of ChF/ZnO/CNT nano-hybrid. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 301:122980. [PMID: 37295377 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) as the infectious disease caused the pandemic disease around the world through infection by SARS-CoV-2 virus. The common diagnosis approach is Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) which is time consuming and labor intensive. In the present study a novel colorimetric aptasensor was developed based on intrinsic catalytic activity of chitosan film embedded with ZnO/CNT (ChF/ZnO/CNT) on 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate. The main nanocomposite platform was constructed and functionalized with specific COVID-19 aptamer. The construction subjected with TMB substrate and H2O2 in the presence of different concentration of COVID-19 virus. Separation of aptamer after binding with virus particles declined the nanozyme activity. Upon addition of virus concentration, the peroxidase like activity of developed platform and colorimetric signals of oxidized TMB decreased gradually. Under optimal conditions the nanozyme could detect the virus in the linear range of 1-500 pg mL and LOD of 0.05 pg mL. Also, a paper-based platform was used for set up the strategy on applicable device. The paper-based strategy showed a linear range between 50 and 500 pg mL with LOD of 8 pg mL. The applied paper based colorimetric strategy showed reliable results for sensitive and selective detection of COVID-19 virus with the cost-effective approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Vafabakhsh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hakim Sabzevari University, Iran
| | - Mehdi Dadmehr
- Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Zarrin Es'haghi
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Morteza Hosseini
- Nanobiosenors Lab, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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