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Wang K, Ren H, Yuan S, Jiang X, Wang P. Exploring the diversity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) properties and sources in different functional areas of a typical macrophyte - derived lake combined with optical spectroscopy and FT-ICR MS analysis. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 147:462-473. [PMID: 39003062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Lake Baiyangdian is one of China's largest macrophyte - derived lakes, facing severe challenges related to water quality maintenance and eutrophication prevention. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) was a huge carbon pool and its abundance, property, and transformation played important roles in the biogeochemical cycle and energy flow in lake ecosystems. In this study, Lake Baiyangdian was divided into four distinct areas: Unartificial Area (UA), Village Area (VA), Tourism Area (TA), and Breeding Area (BA). We examined the diversity of DOM properties and sources across these functional areas. Our findings reveal that DOM in this lake is predominantly composed of protein - like substances, as determined by excitation - emission matrix and parallel factor analysis (EEM - PARAFAC). Notably, the exogenous tyrosine-like component C1 showed a stronger presence in VA and BA compared to UA and TA. Ultrahigh - resolution mass spectrometry (FT - ICR MS) unveiled a similar DOM molecular composition pattern across different functional areas due to the high relative abundances of lignan compounds, suggesting that macrophytes significantly influence the material structure of DOM. DOM properties exhibited specific associations with water quality indicators in various functional areas, as indicated by the Mantel test. The connections between DOM properties and NO3N and NH3N were more pronounced in VA and BA than in UA and TA. Our results underscore the viability of using DOM as an indicator for more precise and scientific water quality management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Haoyu Ren
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Shengwu Yuan
- National Engineering Laboratory of Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Pengfei Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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2
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Zhang B, Wang Q, Wang C, Wang C, Shi X, Bo Tang. Effects of solid phase extraction conditions on molecular composition of unknown disinfection byproducts in chlorinated municipal wastewater based on FT-ICR-MS analysis. Talanta 2024; 279:126632. [PMID: 39094529 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) have been extensively investigated during the chlorination of water and wastewater. Although over 700 DBPs have been identified, more than 50% of the total organic halogen remains unknown. Solid phase extraction (SPE) has been emerged as a popular pretreatment approach for enrichment and desalting of unknown DBPs prior to the mass spectrometry analysis. However, the effects of SPE conditions on unknown DBPs in real wastewater have not yet been reported. Herein, three factors (acid types, pH values, and sorbent types) influencing the composition of DBPs in chlorinated municipal wastewater were systematically investigated by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and statistical analysis. The results indicated that the number of DBPs in different SPE conditions ranged from 280 to 706, and the majority ones were Br-DBPs and CHOX compounds. Compared with H2SO4, more common DBPs were found when using HCl and HCOOH to adjust the pH values of samples. The unique DBPs extracted at pH 1.0 and 2.0 generally owned higher modified aromaticity index (AImod) value and C number than at pH 3.0. The effect of acid types on the extracted DBPs was pH dependent, and the total number of extracted DBPs increased with the increasing of pH value. In terms of sorbent types, the unique DBPs in C18 sorbent possessed low O/C ratios (O/C < 0.6), whereas the unique ones in HLB sorbent owned high O/C ratios (O/C > 0.6). Compared with C18 and HLB sorbents, the unique DBPs extracted in PPL sorbent were characterized by relatively high AImod and DBE values. Based on mass difference analysis, 1496 precursors-DBPs pairs were identified in all extracted samples, with the highest number of bromine substitution reaction. Overall, the effects of SPE conditions on the composition of unknown DBPs should not be overlooked, and the amount and diversity of DBPs may be underestimated under a single SPE condition. This study provides new methodological references for the accurate identification of unknown DBPs with different characteristics in real wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingliang Zhang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Qiyi Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Cong Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Changmin Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Xifeng Shi
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China.
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China; Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, PR China.
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3
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Fu Y, Xu C, Liu X, Xue Y, Wang L, Li Q, Xia Y, Zhang Z, Chen J, Cao J, Qiu S, Wang Z. Superoxide Photoproduction from Wetland Plant-Derived Dissolved Organic Matter: Implications for Biogeochemical Impacts of Plant Invasion. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:12477-12487. [PMID: 38943037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c04927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Although the impacts of exotic wetland plant invasions on native biodiversity, landscape features, and carbon-nitrogen cycles are well appreciated, biogeochemical consequences posed by ecological competition, such as the heterogeneity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from plant detritus and its impact on the formation of reactive oxygen species, are poorly understood. Thus, this study delves into O2•- photogeneration potential of DOM derived from three different parts (stem, leaf, and panicle) of invasive Spartina alterniflora (SA) and native Phragmites australis (PA). It is found that DOM from the leaves of SA and the panicles of PA has a superior ability to produce O2•-. With more stable aromatic structures and a higher proportion of sulfur-containing organic compounds, SA-derived DOM generally yields more O2•- than that derived from PA. UVA exposure enhances the leaching of diverse DOM molecules from plant detritus. Based on the reported monitoring data and our findings, the invasion of SA is estimated to approximately double the concentration of O2•- in the surrounding water bodies. This study can help to predict the underlying biogeochemical impacts from the perspective of aquatic photochemistry in future scenarios of plant invasion, seawater intrusion, wetland degradation, and elevated solar UV radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chunxiao Xu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yanna Xue
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lingli Wang
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qingchao Li
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuqi Xia
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jialin Chen
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jinhui Cao
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Sifan Qiu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Technology Innovation Center for Land Spatial Eco-restoration in Metropolitan Area, Ministry of Natural Resources, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai 200241, China
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Shanghai 200241, China
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4
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Chen Y, Yuan CJ, Xu BJ, Cao JY, Lee MY, Liu M, Wu Q, Du Y. Suppressing Organic Bromine but Promoting Bromate: Is the Ultraviolet/Ozone Process a Double-Edged Sword for the Toxicity of Wastewater to Mammalian Cells? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:11649-11660. [PMID: 38872439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Brominated byproducts and toxicity generation are critical issues for ozone application to wastewater containing bromide. This study demonstrated that ultraviolet/ozone (UV/O3, 100 mJ/cm2, 1 mg-O3/mg-DOC) reduced the cytotoxicity of wastewater from 14.2 mg of pentol/L produced by ozonation to 4.3 mg of pentol/L (1 mg/L bromide, pH 7.0). The genotoxicity was also reduced from 1.65 to 0.17 μg-4-NQO/L by UV/O3. Compared with that of O3 alone, adsorbable organic bromine was reduced from 25.8 to 5.3 μg/L by UV/O3, but bromate increased from 32.9 to 71.4 μg/L. The UV/O3 process enhanced the removal of pre-existing precursors (highly unsaturated and phenolic compounds and poly aromatic hydrocarbons), while new precursors were generated, yet the combined effect of UV/O3 on precursors did not result in a significant change in toxicity. Instead, UV radiation inhibited HOBr concentration through both rapid O3 decomposition to reduce HOBr production and decomposition of the formed HOBr, thus suppressing the AOBr formation. However, the hydroxyl radical-dominated pathway in UV/O3 led to a significant increase of bromate. Considering both organic bromine and bromate, the UV/O3 process effectively controlled both cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of wastewater to mammalian cells, even though an emphasis should be also placed on managing elevated bromate. Futhermore, other end points are needed to evaluate the toxicity outcomes of the UV/O3 process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Chang-Jie Yuan
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Bao-Jun Xu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jie-Yu Cao
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Min-Yong Lee
- Division of Chemical Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Seogu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Liu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Qianyuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ye Du
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
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5
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Gao S, Jennings EK, Han L, Koch BP, Herzsprung P, Lechtenfeld OJ. Detection and Exclusion of False-Positive Molecular Formula Assignments via Mass Error Distributions in UHR Mass Spectra of Natural Organic Matter. Anal Chem 2024; 96:10210-10218. [PMID: 38869925 PMCID: PMC11209664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry (UHRMS) routinely detects and identifies thousands of mass peaks in complex mixtures, such as natural organic matter (NOM) and petroleum. The assignment of several chemically plausible molecular formulas (MFs) for a single accurate mass still poses a major problem for the reliable interpretation of NOM composition in a biogeochemical context. Applying sensible chemical rules for MF validation is often insufficient to eliminate multiple assignments (MultiAs)─especially for mass peaks with low abundance or if ample heteroatoms or isotopes are included - and requires manual inspection or expert judgment. Here, we present a new approach based on mass error distributions for the identification of true and false assignments among MultiAs. To this end, we used the mass error in millidalton (mDa), which was superior to the commonly used relative mass error in ppm. We developed an automatic workflow to group MultiAs based on their shared formula units and Kendrick mass defect values and to evaluate the mass error distribution. In this way, the number of valid assignments of chlorinated disinfection byproducts was increased by 8-fold as compared to only applying 37Cl/35Cl isotope ratio filters. Likewise, phosphorus-containing MFs can be differentiated against chlorine-containing MFs with high confidence. Further, false assignments of highly aromatic sulfur-containing MFs ("black sulfur") to sodium adducts in negative ionization mode can be excluded by applying our approach. Overall, MFs for mass peaks that are close to the detection limit or where naturally occurring isotopes are rare (e.g., 15N) or absent (e.g., P and F) can now be validated, substantially increasing the reliability of MF assignments and broadening the applicability of UHRMS analysis to even more complex samples and processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Gao
- Department
Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Research Group BioGeoOmics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, Leipzig D-04318, Germany
| | - Elaine K. Jennings
- Department
Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Research Group BioGeoOmics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, Leipzig D-04318, Germany
| | - Limei Han
- Department
Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Research Group BioGeoOmics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, Leipzig D-04318, Germany
| | - Boris P. Koch
- Department
of Biosciences, Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz
Centre for Polar and Marine Research—AWI, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven D-27570, Germany
- University
of Applied Sciences, An der Karlstadt 8, Bremerhaven 27568, Germany
| | - Peter Herzsprung
- Department
Lake Research, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental
Research—UFZ, Brückstr. 3a, Magdeburg D-39114, Germany
| | - Oliver J. Lechtenfeld
- Department
Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Research Group BioGeoOmics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, Leipzig D-04318, Germany
- ProVIS–Centre
for Chemical Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre
for Environmental Research—UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, Leipzig D-04318, Germany
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6
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Xue J, Deng Y, Zhang Y, Du Y, Fu QL, Xu Y, Shi J, Wang Y. Hidden Role of Organic Matter in the Immobilization and Transformation of Iodine on Fe-OM Associations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:9840-9849. [PMID: 38775339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The biogeochemical processes of iodine are typically coupled with organic matter (OM) and the dynamic transformation of iron (Fe) minerals in aquifer systems, which are further regulated by the association of OM with Fe minerals. However, the roles of OM in the mobility of iodine on Fe-OM associations remain poorly understood. Based on batch adsorption experiments and subsequent solid-phase characterization, we delved into the immobilization and transformation of iodate and iodide on Fe-OM associations with different C/Fe ratios under anaerobic conditions. The results indicated that the Fe-OM associations with a higher C/Fe ratio (=1) exhibited greater capacity for immobilizing iodine (∼60-80% for iodate), which was attributed to the higher affinity of iodine to OM and the significantly decreased extent of Fe(II)-catalyzed transformation caused by associated OM. The organic compounds abundant in oxygen with high unsaturation were more preferentially associated with ferrihydrite than those with poor oxygen and low unsaturation; thus, the associated OM was capable of binding with 28.1-45.4% of reactive iodine. At comparable C/Fe ratios, the mobilization of iodine and aromatic organic compounds was more susceptible in the adsorption complexes compared to the coprecipitates. These new findings contribute to a deeper understanding of iodine cycling that is controlled by Fe-OM associations in anaerobic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangkai Xue
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health (China University of Geosciences), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430078, China
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Yamin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health (China University of Geosciences), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430078, China
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health (China University of Geosciences), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Yao Du
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health (China University of Geosciences), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430078, China
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Qing-Long Fu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Yuxiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health (China University of Geosciences), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430078, China
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health (China University of Geosciences), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430078, China
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Yanxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health (China University of Geosciences), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430078, China
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
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7
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Xue J, Deng Y, Pi K, Fu QL, Du Y, Xu Y, Yuan X, Fan R, Xie X, Shi J, Wang Y. Enrichment of Geogenic Organoiodine Compounds in Alluvial-Lacustrine Aquifers: Molecular Constraints by Organic Matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:5932-5941. [PMID: 38502530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Organoiodine compounds (OICs) are the dominant iodine species in groundwater systems. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the geochemical formation of geogenic OICs-contaminated groundwater remain unclear. Based upon multitarget field monitoring in combination with ultrahigh-resolution molecular characterization of organic components for alluvial-lacustrine aquifers, we identified a total of 939 OICs in groundwater under reducing and circumneutral pH conditions. In comparison to those in water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) in sediments, the OICs in dissolved organic matter (DOM) in groundwater typically contain fewer polycyclic aromatics and polyphenol compounds but more highly unsaturated compounds. Consequently, there were two major sources of geogenic OICs in groundwater: the migration of the OICs from aquifer sediments and abiotic reduction of iodate coupled with DOM iodination under reducing conditions. DOM iodination occurs primarily through the incorporation of reactive iodine that is generated by iodate reduction into highly unsaturated compounds, preferably containing hydrophilic functional groups as binding sites. It leads to elevation of the concentration of the OICs up to 183 μg/L in groundwater. This research provides new insights into the constraints of DOM molecular composition on the mobilization and enrichment of OICs in alluvial-lacustrine aquifers and thus improves our understanding of the genesis of geogenic iodine-contaminated groundwater systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangkai Xue
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430078, China
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Yamin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430078, China
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Kunfu Pi
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430078, China
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Qing-Long Fu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Yao Du
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430078, China
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Yuxiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430078, China
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Xiaofang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Ruiyu Fan
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430078, China
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Xianjun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430078, China
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430078, China
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Yanxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430078, China
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
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8
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Lei X, Lei Y, Fu Q, Fu H, Guan J, Yang X. One-electron oxidant-induced transformation of dissolved organic matter: Optical and antioxidation properties and molecules. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 249:121011. [PMID: 38101043 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a major sink of radicals in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and the radical-induced DOM transformation influences the subsequent water treatment processes or receiving waters. In this study, we quantified and compared DOM transformation by tracking the changes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), UVA254, and electron donating capacity (EDC) as functions of four one-electron oxidants (SO4•-, Cl2•-, Br2•-, and CO3•-) exposures as well as the changes of functional groups and molecule distribution. SO4•- had the highest DOC reduction while Cl2•- had the highest EDC reduction, which could be due to their preferential reaction pathways of decarboxylation and converting phenols to quinones, respectively. Br2•- and CO3•- induced less changes in DOC, UVA254, and EDC than SO4•- and Cl2•-. Additionally, DOM enriched with high aromatic contents tended to have higher DOC, UVA254, and EDC reductions. Decreases in hydroxyl and carboxyl groups and increases in carbonyl groups were observed in these four types of radicals treated DOM using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. High resolution mass spectrometry using FTICR-MS showed that one-electron oxidants preferred to attack unsaturated carbon skeletons and transformed into molecules featuring high saturation and low aromaticity. Moreover, SO4•- was inclined to decrease oxidation state of carbon and O/C of DOM due to its strong decarboxylation capacity. This study highlights the distinct DOM transformation by four one-electron oxidants and provides comprehensive insights into the reactions of one-electron oxidants with DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Yu Lei
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Qinglong Fu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, PR China
| | - Hengyi Fu
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jingmeng Guan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
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9
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Zhou L, Wu Y, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Xu H, Jang KS, Dolfing J, Spencer RGM, Jeppesen E. Terrestrial dissolved organic matter inputs drive the temporal dynamics of riverine bacterial ecological networks and assembly processes. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 249:120955. [PMID: 38071902 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Rivers receive, transport, and are reactors of terrestrial dissolved organic matter (DOM) and are highly influenced by changes in hydrological conditions and anthropogenic disturbances, but the effect of DOM composition on the dynamics of the bacterial community in rivers is poorly understood. We conducted a seasonal field sampling campaign at two eutrophic river mouth sites to examine how DOM composition influences the temporal dynamics of bacterial community networks, assembly processes, and DOM-bacteria associations. DOM composition and seasonal factors explained 34.7% of the variation in bacterial community composition, and 14.4% was explained purely by DOM composition where specific UV absorbance (SUVA254) as an indicator of aromaticity was the most important predictor. Significant correlations were observed between SUVA254 and the topological features of subnetworks of interspecies and DOM-bacteria associations, indicating that high DOM aromaticity results in more complex and connected networks of bacteria. The bipartite networks between bacterial taxa and DOM molecular formulae (identified by ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry) further revealed less specialized bacterial processing of DOM molecular formulae under the conditions of high water level and DOM aromaticity in summer than in winter. A shift in community assembly processes from stronger homogeneous selection in summer to higher stochasticity in winter correlated with changes in DOM composition, and more aromatic DOM was associated with greater similarity in bacterial community composition. Our results highlight the importance of DOM aromaticity as a predictor of the temporal dynamics of riverine bacterial community networks and assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Zigui Three Gorges Reservoir Ecosystem, Observation and Research Station of Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China, Yichang 443605, China; College of Nanjing, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China.
| | - Yonghong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Zigui Three Gorges Reservoir Ecosystem, Observation and Research Station of Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China, Yichang 443605, China; College of Nanjing, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China.
| | - Yongqiang Zhou
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Nanjing, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China
| | - Yunlin Zhang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Nanjing, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China
| | - Hai Xu
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Nanjing, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China
| | - Kyoung-Soon Jang
- Bio-Chemical Analysis Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, South Korea
| | - Jan Dolfing
- Faculty of Energy and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8QH, UK
| | - Robert G M Spencer
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Department of Ecoscience and Center for Water Technology (WATEC), Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Allé 3, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing 100190, China; Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and implementation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Mersin 33731, Turkey; Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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10
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Li L, Ai J, He H, Hu A, Su P, Zhou H, Wang D, Zhang W. Molecular-level insights into the transformation and degradation pathways of dissolved organic matter during full-scale swine wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 909:168604. [PMID: 37979879 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of swine farming has resulted in the generation of a large amount of swine wastewater (SW), and dissolved organic matter (DOM) has a crucial role in determining the efficiency and safety of SW treatment. In this study, the transformation and influential mechanisms of DOM on the quality of SW effluent during full-scale SW treatment in actual engineering were systematically investigated using multispectral analysis and the Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) technique. The results showed that S-containing, reduced, saturated, and less aromatic molecules were preferentially removed in the C-AF, while C-S preferentially removed reduced, unsaturated, and aromatic molecules, as well as molecules with large molecular weights. And in the two-stage A/O, the degradation of organic matter and DOM transformation occurred mainly in the A/O-1, with the A/O-2 acting as a supplement to further enhance the humification of DOM. Furthermore, the AOP preferentially removed lignin-like and highly unsaturated compounds, replacing them with a new generation of substances such as proteins and tannins with low aromaticity and unsaturation. More deeply, oxygen addition reactions dominate in both A/O and AOP. Specifically, the most common types of reactions in the A/O were the corresponding potential precursor-product pairs based on methyl to carboxylic acid (-H2 + O2) and alcohol to carboxylic acid (-H2 + O), while tri-hydroxylation (+O3) and di-hydroxylation (+H2O2) reactions were predominant in the AOP. Finally, the study's findings might suggest improving the actual engineering by prioritizing the AOP before the A/O-2 and using the C-S for safeguard treatment of the A/O-2 effluent. It is reliable that this kind of adjustment guarantees safe drainage indications and raises each process unit's efficiency in purifying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfeng Li
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Ai
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Hang He
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Aibin Hu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Peng Su
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085 Beijing, China.
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11
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Dwinandha D, Elsamadony M, Gao R, Fu QL, Liu J, Fujii M. Interpretable Machine Learning and Reactomics Assisted Isotopically Labeled FT-ICR-MS for Exploring the Reactivity and Transformation of Natural Organic Matter during Ultraviolet Photolysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:816-825. [PMID: 38111239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Isotopically labeled FT-ICR-MS combined with multiple post-analyses, including interpretable machine learning (IML) and a paired mass distance (PMD) network, was employed to unravel the reactivity and transformation of natural organic matter (NOM) during ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. FT-ICR-MS analysis was used to assign formulas, which were classified on the basis of their molecular compositions and structural categories. Isotope (deuterium, D) labeling was utilized to unequivocally determine the photochemical products and examine the development of OD radical-mediated NOM transformation. With regard to the reactive molecular formulas, CHOS formulas exhibited the highest reactivity (86.5% of precursors disappeared) followed by CHON (53.4%) and CHO (24.6%) formulas. With regard to structural categories, the degree of reactivity decreased in the following order: tannins > condensed aromatics > lignin/CRAMs. The IML algorithm demonstrated that the crucial features governing the reactivity of formulas were the molecular weight, DBE-O, NOSC, and the presence of heteroatoms (i.e., N and S), suggesting that the large and unsaturated compounds containing S and N are more prone to photodegradation. The reactomics approach using the PMD network further indicated that 11 specific molecular formulas in the CHOS and CHO class served as hubs, implying a higher photoreactivity and participation in a range of transformations. The isotope labeling analyses also found that, among the reactions observed, hydroxylation (i.e., +OD) is dominant for lignin/CRAMs and condensed aromatics, and formulas containing ≤10 D atoms were developed. Overall, this study, by adopting rigorous and interpretable techniques, could provide in-depth insights into the molecular-level dynamics of NOM under UV irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhimas Dwinandha
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Mohamed Elsamadony
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rongjun Gao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Qing-Long Fu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jibao Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Manabu Fujii
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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12
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Fu QL, Chen C, Liu Y, Fujii M, Fu P. FT-ICR MS Spectral Improvement of Dissolved Organic Matter by the Absorption Mode: A Comparison of the Electrospray Ionization in Positive-Ion and Negative-Ion Modes. Anal Chem 2024; 96:522-530. [PMID: 38127714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) in the absorption mode has a superior performance over the conventional magnitude mode. However, this improved performance for the analysis of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in negative-ion and positive-ion modes of electrospray ionization [ESI(-) and ESI(+), respectively] remains unknown. This study systemically compared the improved performance by the absorption mode for DOM FT-ICR MS spectra acquired with the low-field and high-field magnet instruments between two charge modes. The absorption mode enhanced the resolution and signal-to-noise ratio values of DOM peaks with factors of 1.88-1.94 and 1.60-1.72, respectively. The significantly higher improvement of mass resolution for the ESI(+) mode than that for the ESI(-) mode could resolve the extensive occurrence of mass doublets in the ESI(+) mode, yielding some formulas exclusively identified in the ESI(+) mode. The findings of this study have systemically demonstrated the superiority of the absorption mode in improving the spectra quality during the routine FT-ICR MS postdata analysis and highlighted its great potential in characterizing the molecular composition of DOM using the FT-ICR MS technique in both ESI(-) and ESI(+) modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Long Fu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Yang Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Manabu Fujii
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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13
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Cheng X, Dong H, Qiang Z. Formation and transformation of pre-chlorination-formed disinfection byproducts in drinking water treatment process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166241. [PMID: 37591391 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
As pre-chlorination is increasingly adopted in drinking water treatment plant (DWTP), an attractive question emerged: how the disinfection by-products that formed during pre-chlorination (preformed DBPs) would be transformed in the drinking water treatment process? This study investigated the DBP formation kinetics and molecular characteristics in chlorinated source water, DBP transformation and removal in practical DWTP. It was found that the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) followed pseudo first-order kinetic model and the intensified Br- exposure facilitated the transformation of TCM into TBM. As Br- concentration shifted from 0.5 mg L-1 to 2.0 mg L-1, the predicted maximum yield of TBM was doubled to 53.7 μg L-1 with the increase of formation rate constant (k-value) from 0.249 h-1 to 0.336 h-1. Besides known DBPs, the molecular-scale investigation unveiled that the preformed unknown Cl-DBPs were a cluster of unsaturated aromatic DBPs ((DBE-O)/Cwa = 0.16, AImod, wa = 0.36) with high H/C (H/Cwa = 1.25). Pre-ozonation exhibited a preferential removal pattern towards condensed aromatic preformed Cl-DBPs with high H/C (AImod ≥ 0.67, H/C > 1.2 and O/C < 0.3). However, the removal of Cl-DBPs in coagulation-clarification process was limited with 56 more unknown Cl-DBP formulas identified. O3-biological activated carbon process exhibited effective removal of preformed DBPs featured with low MW (carbon number ≤ 13), high unsaturation (DBE ≥ 7), condensed aromaticity (AImod ≥ 0.67), and higher H/C (H/C > 1.6). When the pre-chlorination process is adopted, the removal of preformed DBPs during the conventional treatment process is limited, while advanced treatment process can effectively remove these preformed DBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huiyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhimin Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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14
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Du J, Hu Y, Kim K, Choi W. Freezing-Enhanced Photoreduction of Iodate by Fulvic Acid. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:20272-20281. [PMID: 37943152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Iodate is a stable form of iodine species in the natural environment. This work found that the abiotic photosensitized reduction of iodate by fulvic acid (FA) is highly enhanced in frozen solution compared to that in aqueous solution. The freezing-induced removal of iodate by FA at an initial pH of 3.0 in 24 h was lower than 10% in the dark but enhanced under UV (77.7%) or visible light (31.6%) irradiation. This process was accompanied by the production of iodide, reactive iodine (RI), and organoiodine compounds (OICs). The photoreduction of iodate in ice increased with lowering pH (pH 3-7 range) or increasing FA concentration (1-10 mg/L range). It was also observed that coexisting iodide or chloride ions enhanced the photoreduction of iodate in ice. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometric analysis showed that 129 and 403 species of OICs (mainly highly unsaturated and phenolic compounds) were newly produced in frozen UV/iodate/FA and UV/iodate/FA/Cl- solution, respectively. In the frozen UV/iodate/FA/Cl- solution, approximately 97% of generated organochlorine compounds (98 species) were identified as typical chlorinated disinfection byproducts. These results call for further studies of the fate of iodate, especially in the presence of chloride, which may be overlooked in frozen environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanshan Du
- KENTECH Institute for Environmental & Climate Technology, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), Naju 58330, Korea
| | - Yi Hu
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Kitae Kim
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon 21990, Korea
| | - Wonyong Choi
- KENTECH Institute for Environmental & Climate Technology, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), Naju 58330, Korea
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15
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Tang C, Zheng R, Zhu Y, Liang Y, Liang Y, Liang S, Xu J, Zeng YH, Luo XJ, Lin H, Huang Q, Mai BX. Nontarget Analysis and Comprehensive Characterization of Iodinated Polyfluoroalkyl Acids in Wastewater and River Water by LC-HRMS with Cascade Precursor-Ion Exclusions and Algorithmic Approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:17099-17109. [PMID: 37878998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Poly- and perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are a large family of widespread contaminants of worldwide concern and well-known as "forever chemicals". Direct emission of PFAAs from the fluorochemical industry is a crucial source of PFAA pollutants in the environment. This study implemented nontarget analysis and comprehensive characterization for a category of new PFAA contaminants, i.e., iodinated PFAAs (IPFAAs), in fluorochemical industry wastewater and relevant contaminated river water by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry with a cascade precursor ion exclusion (PIE) strategy and in-house developed data extraction and processing algorithms. A total of 26 IPFAAs (including 2 isomers of an IPFAA) were found and identified with tentative molecular structures. Semiquantification of the IPFAAs was implemented, and the total concentrations of IPFAAs were 0.16-285.52 and 0.15-0.17 μg/L in wastewater and river water, respectively. The high concentrations in association with the predicted ecotoxicities and environmental behaviors demonstrate that these IPFAAs are worthy of more concern and further in-depth research. The cascade PIE strategy along with the data extraction and processing algorithms can be extended to nontarget analysis for other pollutants beyond IPFAAs. The nontarget identification and characterization outcomes provide new understanding on the environmental occurrence and pollution status of IPFAAs from a comprehensive perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiming Tang
- Laboratory of Advanced Analytical Chemistry and Detection Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ruifen Zheng
- Laboratory of Advanced Analytical Chemistry and Detection Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yizhe Zhu
- Laboratory of Advanced Analytical Chemistry and Detection Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yutao Liang
- Laboratory of Advanced Analytical Chemistry and Detection Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yiyang Liang
- Laboratory of Advanced Analytical Chemistry and Detection Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Shangtao Liang
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia 30223, United States
| | - Jiale Xu
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Yan-Hong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Laboratory of Advanced Analytical Chemistry and Detection Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Qingguo Huang
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia 30223, United States
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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16
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Wu S, Fujii M, Yang X, Fu QL. Characterization of halogenated organic compounds by the Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry: A critical review. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 246:120694. [PMID: 37832250 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated organic compounds (HOCs), widely present in various environments, are generally formed by natural processes (e.g., photochemical halogenation) and anthropogenic activities (e.g., water disinfection and anthropogenic discharge of HOCs), posing health and environmental risks. Therefore, in-depth knowledge of the molecular composition, transformation, and fate of HOCs is crucial to regulate and reduce their formation. Because of the extremely complex nature of HOCs and their precursors, the molecular composition of HOCs remains largely unknown. The Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) offers the most powerful resolution and mass accuracy for the simultaneous molecular-level characterization of HOCs and their precursors. However, there is still a paucity of reviews regarding the comprehensive characterization of HOCs by FT-ICR MS. Based on the FT-ICR MS, the formation mechanism, sample pretreatment, and analysis methods were summarized for two typical HOCs classes, namely halogenated disinfection byproducts and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in this review. Moreover, we have highlighted data analysis methods and some typical applications of HOCs using FT-ICR MS and proposed suggestions for current issues. This review will deepen our understanding of the chemical characterization of HOCs and their formation mechanisms and transformation at the molecular level in aquatic systems, facilitating the application of the state-of-the-art FT-ICR MS in environmental and geochemical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixi Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Manabu Fujii
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Qing-Long Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
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17
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Hu A, Zheng Y, Wang Z, Li M, Wang D, Zhang W. Tracking the transformation pathway of dissolved organic matters (DOMs) in biochars under sludge pyrolysis via reactomics and molecular network analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 342:140149. [PMID: 37709065 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
This work examined the transformation pathways of sludge biochar-derived dissolved organic matters (SBC-derived DOMs) under sludge pyrolysis via FT-ICR-MS-based reactomics and molecular network analysis. Lignin/carboxylic-rich alicyclic molecules, proteins/aliphatic, and lipids of SBC-derived DOMs did not contribute equally to the overall pyrolytic reactions. Reactomics suggested that the pyrolysis reactions of SBC-derived DOMs consist of multiple cascade reactions involving the elimination of assemblages of reactive fragments during each pyrolysis reaction region, and the overall pyrolysis process was divided into three stages according to cascade reaction variations. Especially, cascade reactions at 400-500 °C produced potential environmental risk substances of N-containing, carbonyl-containing, and phenolic compounds. Besides, network analysis unraveled the complexity and number of molecular reaction pairs of SBC-derived DOMs decreased with the increase in pyrolytic temperatures. Keystone molecules and pathways results indicated that the pyrolytic temperature of the sludge pyrolysis process should be controlled at temperatures above 500 °C according to the harmful substances generation pattern in reaction products. Overall, the possible transformation pathways of SBC-derived DOMs during sludge pyrolysis treatment were proposed. This study elucidated the underlying mechanisms in generating SBC-derived DOMs and provided theoretical support for process optimization and harmful substances control of sludge pyrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aibin Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Huanggang Normal University, China
| | - Yongliang Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Huanggang Normal University, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Huanggang Normal University, China
| | - Mengqiu Li
- School of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China; National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese, Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
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18
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Ruan T, Li P, Wang H, Li T, Jiang G. Identification and Prioritization of Environmental Organic Pollutants: From an Analytical and Toxicological Perspective. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10584-10640. [PMID: 37531601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental organic pollutants has triggered significant ecological impacts and adverse health outcomes, which have been received substantial and increasing attention. The contribution of unidentified chemical components is considered as the most significant knowledge gap in understanding the combined effects of pollutant mixtures. To address this issue, remarkable analytical breakthroughs have recently been made. In this review, the basic principles on recognition of environmental organic pollutants are overviewed. Complementary analytical methodologies (i.e., quantitative structure-activity relationship prediction, mass spectrometric nontarget screening, and effect-directed analysis) and experimental platforms are briefly described. The stages of technique development and/or essential parts of the analytical workflow for each of the methodologies are then reviewed. Finally, plausible technique paths and applications of the future nontarget screening methods, interdisciplinary techniques for achieving toxicant identification, and burgeoning strategies on risk assessment of chemical cocktails are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haotian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tingyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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19
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Wang Y, Li N, Fu Q, Cheng Z, Song Y, Yan B, Chen G, Hou L, Wang S. Conversion and impact of dissolved organic matters in a heterogeneous catalytic peroxymonosulfate system for pollutant degradation. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 241:120166. [PMID: 37290196 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matters (DOM) are widely present in different water sources, causing significant effects on water treatment processes. Herein, the molecular transformation behavior of DOM during peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation by biochar for organic degradation in a secondary effluent were comprehensively analyzed. Evolution of DOM was identified and inhibition mechanisms to organic degradation were elucidated. DOM underwent oxidative decarbonization (e.g., -C2H2O, -C2H6, -CH2 and -CO2), dehydrogenation (-2H) and dehydration reactions by ·OH and SO4·-. N and S containing compounds witnessed deheteroatomisation (e.g., -NH, -NO2+H, -SO2, -SO3, -SH2), hydration (+H2O) and N/S oxidation reactions. Among DOM, CHO-, CHON-, CHOS-, CHOP- and CHONP-containing molecules showed moderate inhibition while condensed aromatic compounds and aminosugars exhibited strong and moderate inhibition effects on contaminant degradation. The fundamental information could provide references for the rational regulation of ROS composition and DOM conversion process in a PMS system. This in turn offered theoretical guidance to minimize the interference of DOM conversion intermediates on PMS activation and degradation of target pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Qinglong Fu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geoscience, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhanjun Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Yingjin Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Beibei Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Guanyi Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Li'an Hou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; 96911 Unit, Beijing 100011, China.
| | - Shaobin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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20
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Liang L, Chen G, Zhao J, Shao P, Li N, He M, Fu Q, Yan B, Hou LA. Overlooked impacts of natural organic matter conversion in a Fe(II)-induced peroxymonosulfate activation system for river water remediation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162217. [PMID: 36791865 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The peroxymonosulfate (PMS) process may be hindered severely due to natural organic matter (NOM) conversion in the treatment of emerging pollutants from river water, becoming a critical engineering and technical issue. In this study, a Fe(II)-induced river water (RW)/PMS catalytic system was constructed for investigating molecular transformation of NOM and related influence mechanism to sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) analysis indicated that NOM molecules containing no more than one heteroatom in river may be attacked by hydroxyl radicals (OH) and then polymerized, converting into molecules with two or three heteroatoms during PMS oxidation. Based on the correlation analysis, CHONP-NOM, CHOSP-NOM and CHONSP-NOM showed a significant inhibition against SMX degradation, while CHONS-NOM exhibited a moderate inhibitory effect. Besides, more condensed aromatic structures, carbohydrates and tannins were generated via reactive species (OH and sulfate radicals (SO4-)) oxidation, radical addition and polymerization reactions. Notably, condensed aromatic structures, carbohydrates and tannins presented weak, modest and strong inhibition to SMX degradation, respectively. Based on the current results, the inhibition of target pollutants degradation would be mitigated via regulation of NOM molecules in a Fe(II)-induced PMS activation system, providing valuable information to reduce NOM impact. In addition, this study paves the way to achieve efficient removal of emerging pollutants from river water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Guanyi Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Jianhui Zhao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Penghui Shao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Mengting He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qinglong Fu
- School of Environment, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Beibei Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Li-An Hou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; High Tech Inst Beijing, Beijing 100085, China.
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21
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Zhou Y, Chen L, Zhou L, Zhang Y, Peng K, Gong Z, Jang KS, Spencer RGM, Jeppesen E, Brookes JD, Kothawala DN, Wu F. Key factors driving dissolved organic matter composition and bioavailability in lakes situated along the Eastern Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, China. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 233:119782. [PMID: 36842330 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Eastern Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP-ER) is a large scale multi-decade infrastructure project aiming to divert substantial amounts of water (≈45 billion m3 yr-1) to alleviate water shortage in comparatively arid regions of northern China. The project has ramifications for hydrological connectivity and biogeochemical cycling of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in regional lakes affected by the project. We carried out an extensive field sampling campaign along the SNWDP-ER in different hydrological seasons of 2018 and monthly observations in Lake Hongze and Lake Luoma from April 2018 to June 2021. We found the lakes connecting to the SNWDP-ER had higher mean DOC, specific UV absorbance, higher ratio of humic-like to protein-like fluorophores (Humic : Protein), and shallower spectral slope (S275-295) in the wet season compared to the wet-to-dry transition, and dry seasons. The southern lakes and Yangtze River had lower DOC concentration, bioavailable DOC (BDOC), and higher DOM aromaticity compared to the northern two downstream lakes. Ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) revealed higher relative abundance of CHO-containing and aromatic compounds in the Yangtze River and the southern three upstream lakes compared to the northern two lakes. The data from Lake Hongze and Lake Luoma, studied in different hydrological seasons, suggest that water delivery had high consistency in DOM composition and BDOC over the season. We conclude that positioning along the watercourse and seasonally variable hydrological conditions play an important role in influencing the DOM composition and bioavailability of key lakes connecting to the SNWDP-ER. Our results indicated that the water diversion project delivers water with low DOC concentration and higher aromaticity and thus is of higher quality since it has higher DOM removal potential during drinking water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Zhou
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Lili Chen
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yunlin Zhang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kai Peng
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhijun Gong
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kyoung-Soon Jang
- Bio-Chemical Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert G M Spencer
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Department of Ecoscience and Center for Water Technology (WATEC), Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing 100190, China; Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and implementation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Mersin 33731, Turkey
| | - Justin D Brookes
- Water Research Centre, School of Biological Science, The University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Dolly N Kothawala
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75236, Sweden
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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22
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Zhao P, Du Z, Fu Q, Ai J, Hu A, Wang D, Zhang W. Molecular composition and chemodiversity of dissolved organic matter in wastewater sludge via Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry: Effects of extraction methods and electrospray ionization modes. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 232:119687. [PMID: 36758353 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution mass spectrometry was extensively applied in molecular composition and transformation pathways of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in wastewater sludge treatments. Sample pretreatment methods and electrospray ionization (ESI) modes significant affect the accuracy of molecular characterization for DOM. This study investigated the effects of pretreatment methods (styrene divinyl benzene polymer (PPL), octadecyl (C18), and electrodialysis (ED)) on molecular characteristics of DOM in two typical wastewater sludges (waste activated sludge (WAS) and anaerobic digestion sludge (ADS)) analyzed by FT-ICR MS in both positive ESI (ESI (+)) and negative ESI (ESI (-)) modes. The results indicated that ED pretreatment exhibited the highest recovery rate of 70% ‒ 95% for sludge-derived DOM. ED and PPL performed well in recovering the different sludge-derived DOM with a high similarity of molecular characteristics (e.g., lipids, proteins/aliphatic, and lignins/CRAM-like), and the C18 method was ineffective in extracting carbohydrates, unsaturated hydrocarbons, and amino sugars. In addition, compared with single ESI (-) analysis mode, the molecular number identified by ESI (+) analysis mode was increased by 200%, especially, more unsaturated hydrocarbons and N-containing compounds were detected. Except for biogenic DOM, plenty of emerging containments (ECs) in sludge-derived DOM were identified; ESI (-) mode was more effectively in recognizing the alkyl benzene sulfonic acids (e.g., anionic surfactants); and ESI (+) mode was more effectively for plasticizers identification, for example, dioctyl terephthalate and dibutyl phthalate. This study illustrated that ED pretreatment coupled with FT-ICR MS in dual ESI modes could give more insights in complexed molecular information for DOM in wastewater sludge, and provides a theoretical basis for subsequent sludge treatments and disposals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Zhengliang Du
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qinglong Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
| | - Jing Ai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Aibin Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; National Engineering Laboratory of High Concentration Refractory Organic Wastewater Treatment Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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23
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Zhou Z, Fu QL, Fujii M, Waite TD. Complementary Elucidation of the Molecular Characteristics of Groundwater Dissolved Organic Matter Using Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Negative- and Positive-Ion Electrospray Ionization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:4690-4700. [PMID: 36905367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The formula assignment of the Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry coupled with positive-ion electrospray ionization [ESI(+)-FT-ICR MS] is challenging because of the extensive occurrence of adducts. However, there is a paucity of automated formula assignment methods for ESI(+)-FT-ICR MS spectra. The novel automated formula assignment algorithm for ESI(+)-FT-ICR MS spectra developed herein has been applied to elucidate the composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in groundwater during air-induced ferrous [Fe(II)] oxidation. The ESI(+)-FT-ICR MS spectra of groundwater DOM were profoundly impacted by [M + Na]+ adducts and, to a lesser extent, [M + K]+ adducts. Oxygen-poor and N-containing compounds were frequently detected when the FT-ICR MS was operated in the ESI(+) mode, while the components with higher carbon oxidation states were preferentially ionized in the negative-ion electrospray ionization [ESI(-)] mode. Values for the difference between double-bond equivalents and the number of oxygen atoms from -13 to 13 are proposed for the formula assignment of the ESI(+)-FT-ICR MS spectra of aquatic DOM. Furthermore, for the first time, the Fe(II)-mediated formation of highly toxic organic iodine species was reported in groundwater rich in Fe(II), iodide, and DOM. The results of this study not only shed light on the further algorithm development for comprehensive characterization of DOM by ESI(-)-FT-ICR MS and ESI(+)-FT-ICR MS but also highlight the importance of appropriate treatment of specific groundwater prior to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zhou
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Qing-Long Fu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Manabu Fujii
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - T David Waite
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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24
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Fu QL, Fujii M, Ma R. Development of a Gaussian-Based Alignment Algorithm for the Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectra of Dissolved Organic Matter. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2796-2803. [PMID: 36688615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The alignment of ultrahigh-resolution mass spectra (UHR-MS) is critical to inspect the presence of unique and common peaks across multiple UHR-MS spectra. However, few attempts have been conducted to develop an automated alignment method. In this study, a novel automated alignment algorithm, namely, FTMSCombine, that follows a Gaussian distribution of mass errors was developed and then integrated with existing FTMSCalibrate and TRFu algorithms to establish an open-source analysis platform, namely, FTMSAnalysis, for the UHR-MS analysis of the dissolved organic matter. The developed FTMSCombine was capable of automatically aligning peaks across different UHR-MS spectra by averaging the m/z values of each peak cluster, although the alignment should be restricted to Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) spectra collected by instruments under similar conditions. The FTMSCombine exhibited an insignificant difference in the reproducibility of chemical formulae but significantly higher mass accuracy than the ICBM-OCEAN. In addition to improving the overall mass accuracy of the whole UHR-MS dataset, the FTMSCombine could effectively exclude scatters or noise peaks using an optional rule that restricts peaks (continuously) detected in at least a certain number of spectra in the UHR-MS spectra dataset. The successfully established FTMSAnalysis (freely available in the Supporting Information of this study) is of great potential in automatically analyzing UHR-MS spectra for dissolved organic matter (DOM) and will largely facilitate the elucidation of DOM chemodivesity by UHR-MS techniques including FTICR-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Long Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan430078, China.,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan430078, China
| | - Manabu Fujii
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo152-8550, Japan
| | - Rui Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan430078, China.,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan430078, China
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25
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Zhou Y, Yu X, Zhou L, Zhang Y, Xu H, Zhu M, Zhu G, Jang KS, Spencer RGM, Jeppesen E, Brookes JD, Kothawala DN, Wu F. Rainstorms drive export of aromatic and concurrent bio-labile organic matter to a large eutrophic lake and its major tributaries. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 229:119448. [PMID: 36481705 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lakes are hotspots for global carbon cycling, yet few studies have explored how rainstorms alter the flux, composition, and bio-lability of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in inflowing rivers using high-frequency monitoring. We conducted extensive campaigns in the watershed of Lake Taihu and made daily observations for three years in its two largest inflowing tributaries, River Dapu and River Yincun. We found higher DOC, bio-labile DOC (BDOC), and specific UV absorbance (SUVA254) levels in the northwestern inflowing regions compared with the remaining lake regions. DOC and BDOC increased during rainstorms in River Dapu, and DOC declined due to local dilution and BDOC increased during rainstorms in River Yincun. We found that rainstorms resulted in increased DOM absorbance a350, SUVA254, and humification index (HIX) and enhanced percentages of humic-like fluorescent components, %polycyclic condensed aromatic and %polyphenolic compounds as revealed from ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), while spectral slope (S275-295) and the percentages of protein-like C1 and C3 declined during rainstorms compared with other seasons. This can be explained by a combined flushing of catchment soil organic matter and household effluents. The annual inflows of DOC and BDOC to Lake Taihu were 1.15 ± 0.18 × 104 t C yr-1 and 0.23 ± 0.06 × 104 t C yr-1 from River Dapu and 2.92 ± 0.42 × 103 t C yr-1 and 0.53 ± 0.07 × 103 t C yr-1 from River Yincun, respectively, and the fluxes of DOC and BDOC from both rivers increased during rainstorms. We found an elevated frequency of heavy rainfall and rainstorms in the lake watershed during the past six decades. We conclude that an elevated input of terrestrial organic-rich DOM with concurrent high aromaticity and high bio-lability from inflowing rivers is likely to occur in a future wetter climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Zhou
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xiaoqin Yu
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yunlin Zhang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hai Xu
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhu
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangwei Zhu
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kyoung-Soon Jang
- Bio-Chemical Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, South Korea
| | - Robert G M Spencer
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Department of Ecoscience and Center for Water Technology (WATEC), Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing 100190, China; Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and implementation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Mersin 33731, Turkey
| | - Justin D Brookes
- Water Research Centre, School of Biological Science, The University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Dolly N Kothawala
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75236, Sweden
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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26
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Tang C, Zhu Y, Liang Y, Zeng YH, Peng X, Mai BX, Xu J, Huang Q, Lin H. First Discovery of Iodinated Polyfluoroalkyl Acids by Nontarget Mass-Spectrometric Analysis and Iodine-Specific Screening Algorithm. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:1378-1390. [PMID: 36622151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) including polyfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids and polyfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids are a large category of crucial environmental pollutants of global concern. Besides known PFAAs, numerous unknown species may exist in the environment, urgently needing discovery and characterization. This study implemented nontarget analysis for a group of novel PFAA pollutants, viz., iodinated PFAAs (I-PFAAs) in wastewater from a fluorochemical manufacturing park by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry in combination with an iodine-specific data-processing algorithm. The algorithm took into account the diagnostic fragment iodine ion (I-) together with carbon and sulfur isotopologue distributions. In total, 18 I-PFAA formulas involving 21 congeners were identified. Semiquantification was conducted, and the total concentrations of I-PFAAs were 1.9-274.7 μg/L, indicating severe pollution of I-PFAAs in the wastewater. The determined concentrations along with predicted environmental behaviors and toxicities demonstrate that I-PFAAs merit further in-depth investigation. The analytical method including the instrumental analysis and data-processing algorithm can be extended to screening and identification of I-PFAAs in other matrices. Furthermore, the analysis results for the first time provide recognition on the occurrence, distribution features, and pollution status of I-PFAAs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiming Tang
- Laboratory of Advanced Analytical Chemistry and Detection Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan523808, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou510640, China
| | - Yizhe Zhu
- Laboratory of Advanced Analytical Chemistry and Detection Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan523808, China
| | - Yutao Liang
- Laboratory of Advanced Analytical Chemistry and Detection Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan523808, China
| | - Yan-Hong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou510640, China
| | - Xianzhi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou510640, China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou510640, China
| | - Jiale Xu
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota58102, United States
| | - Qingguo Huang
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia30223, United States
| | - Hui Lin
- Laboratory of Advanced Analytical Chemistry and Detection Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan523808, China
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27
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He H, Xu H, Li L, Yang X, Fu Q, Yang X, Zhang W, Wang D. Molecular transformation of dissolved organic matter and the formation of disinfection byproducts in full-scale surface water treatment processes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156547. [PMID: 35688238 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matters (DOM) have important effects on the performance of surface water treatment processes and may convert into disinfection by-products (DBPs) during disinfection. In this work, the transformation of DOM and the chlorinated DBPs (Cl-DBPs) formation in two different full-scale surface water treatment processes (process 1: prechlorination-coagulation-precipitation-filtration; process 2: coagulation-precipitation-post-disinfection-filtration) were comparatively investigated at molecular scale. The results showed that coagulation preferentially removed unsaturated (H/C < 1.0 and DBE > 17) and oxidized (O/C > 0.5) compounds containing more carboxyl groups. Therefore, prechlorination produced more Cl-DBPs with H/C < 1.0 and O/C > 0.5 than post-disinfection. However, the algal in the influent produced many reduced molecules (O/C < 0.5) without prechlorination, and these compounds were more reactive with disinfectants. Sand filtration was ineffective in DOM removal, while microorganisms in the filter produced high molecular weight (MW) substances that were involved in the Cl-DBPs formation, causing the generation of higher MW Cl-DBPs under post-disinfection. Furthermore, the CHO molecules with high O atom number and the CHON molecules containing one N atom were the main Cl-DBPs precursors in both surface water treatment processes. In consideration of the putative Cl-DBPs precursors and their reaction pathways, the precursors with higher unsaturation degree and aromaticity were prone to produce Cl-DBPs through addition reactions, while that with higher saturation degree tended to form Cl-DBPs through substitution reactions. These findings are useful to optimize the treatment processes to ensure the safety of water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Yangtze River Delta Branch, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yiwu 322000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lanfeng Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaofang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Yangtze River Delta Branch, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yiwu 322000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinglong Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoyin Yang
- Yangtze River Delta Branch, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yiwu 322000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China.
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Yangtze River Delta Branch, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yiwu 322000, Zhejiang, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang university, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
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Zheng F, Xu S, Chai W, Liu D, Lu H. Fermentation liquid as a carbon source for wastewater nitrogen removal reduced nitrogenous disinfection byproduct formation potentials of the effluent. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 832:155115. [PMID: 35398432 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sludge alkaline fermentation liquid (SAFL) is an alternative to sodium acetate (NaAc) in enhancing wastewater nitrogen removal. Upon SAFL addition, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) can be externally introduced or biologically synthesized during nitrogen removal, which is an important precursor to toxic nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs). This study aims to evaluate the effects of different carbon source addition on effluent DON concentration, composition, and N-DBP formation potentials. A lab-scale A2O system treating real municipal wastewater was operated with NaAc or SAFL as external carbon sources. DON molecules and potential N-DBP precursors were identified by Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Subsequently, major microorganisms contributing to DON biosynthesis were suggested based on metagenomics. It was found that effluent DON was higher with SAFL as the carbon source than NaAc (1.51 ± 0.24 v.s. 0.56 ± 0.08 mg N/L, p < 0.05). Nevertheless, dichloroacetonitrile and nitrosamine formation potentials (7.14 ± 1.02 and 1.57 ± 0.07 μg/mg DON-N, respectively) of the effluent with SAFL addition were 42.79 ± 2.42% and 54.89 ± 1.70% lower than those of NaAc. Protein- and lignin-like compounds were the most abundant DON molecules in the effluent, where alanine, glycine and tyrosine were important precursors to N-DBPs. Azonexus and Flavobacterium spp. were positively correlated with these precursors, and possessed key genes involved in precursor synthesis. SAFL is a promising carbon source, not only for achieving efficient inorganic nitrogen and DON removals, but also for reducing N-DBP formation potentials of chlorinated effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shaoyi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenbo Chai
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dezhao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Equipment and Informatization in Environment Controlled Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huijie Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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29
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Xu X, Kang J, Shen J, Zhao S, Wang B, Yan P, Fu Q, Chen Z. Formation pathway of disinfection by-products of lignin monomers in raw water during disinfection. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:153706. [PMID: 35143787 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the dissolved organic matter (DOM) profiles of water samples from a water source in northeastern China were analyzed by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and its changes after chlorination were investigated. The results showed that lignin substances accounted for a significant proportion in DOM and chlorinated products and were the main precursors of disinfection by-products (DBPs). During disinfection, macromolecular DOM was transformed into small molecules, and lignin substances have the most obvious and complex changes in reaction. Two lignin monomers 4-propylphenol (4PP) and 4-propylguaiacol (4PG) were used as model compounds to study their reaction kinetics and degradation pathways during disinfection. The degradation of both lignin monomers conformed to pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics, and the reaction rate constant of 4PG was higher than that of 4PP. The effects of chlorine dosage, pH and temperature on the degradation reaction kinetics of two lignin monomers were investigated. The degradation rates of 4PP and 4PG increased with increasing chlorine dosage, pH and temperature. The two monomers showed similar properties in the chlorination degradation process, and generated multiple intermediates, which were mainly transformed into small molecules by chlorine electrophilic substitution and nucleophilic substitution, and further generated DBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jing Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jimin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shengxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Binyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Pengwei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qinglong Fu
- China University of Geosciences, School of Environmental Studies, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhonglin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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30
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High-performance nontarget analysis of halogenated organic compounds in tap water, fly ash, soil and sediment using ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry and scripting approaches based on Cl/Br-specific search algorithms. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1204:339618. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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31
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Zhang B, Fang Z, Wang S, Shi X, Guo B, Gao J, Wang D, Zong W. Effect of bromide on molecular transformation of dissolved effluent organic matter during ozonation, UV/H 2O 2, UV/persulfate, and UV/chlorine treatments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 811:152328. [PMID: 34915012 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ozonation and ultraviolet-based advanced oxidation processes (UV-AOPs) play important roles in advanced treatment of municipal wastewater for water reuse. Bromide is widely present in wastewater at different concentration levels (ranging from μg/L to mg/L). However, the effect of bromide on molecular transformation of dissolved effluent organic matter (dEfOM) in real wastewater during ozonation and UV-AOPs treatments still remains unclear. Herein, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) was utilized to characterize the overall molecular transformation of dEfOM and the formation of unknown halogenated byproducts (X-BPs) in ozonation, UV/H2O2, UV/persulfate (UV/PS), and UV/chlorine (UV/Cl) processes in the presence of additional bromide. Compared with the same oxidation processes without additional bromide, the degree of dEfOM oxygenation had some extent decrement with the effect of bromide. A slightly increment of the number of unknown brominated byproducts (Br-BPs) was observed during ozonation, UV/H2O2, and UV/PS treatments in the presence of additional bromide, and the largest increment of these compounds was found in UV/Cl process. A total of 82 chlorinated byproducts (Cl-BPs) and 183 Br-BPs were detected in all oxidation processes with the effect of bromide, and the number of Br-BPs was significantly higher than that of Cl-BPs. Based on mass difference analysis, 69 pairs of possible precursors/Br-BPs were identified. In addition, the additional bromide did not remarkably increase the concentrations of trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) in ozonation, UV/H2O2, and UV/PS treatments, while the production of THMs and HAAs significantly decreased by 68.06% and 54.55%, respectively, during UV/Cl treatment. The calculated cytotoxicity increased to some extent for each treatment, especially for UV/Cl treatment, and the compound with largest contribution to cytotoxicity was monobromoacetic acid. This study provides new insights into the formation and transformation of X-BPs during advanced treatment of real wastewater with the effect of bromide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingliang Zhang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China; School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Zhuoyao Fang
- School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shu Wang
- School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xifeng Shi
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Bo Guo
- Shandong Institute of Metrology, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Shandong Institute of Metrology, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Analysis and Testing Center, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Wansong Zong
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
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32
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Fu QL, Fujii M, Watanabe A, Kwon E. Formula Assignment Algorithm for Deuterium-Labeled Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectrometry: Implications of the Formation Mechanism of Halogenated Disinfection Byproducts. Anal Chem 2022; 94:1717-1725. [PMID: 35019276 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry (UHR-MS) coupled with isotope labeling has attracted significant attention in elucidating the mechanisms of the transformation of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Herein, we developed a novel formula assignment algorithm based on deuterium (D)-labeled UHR-MS, namely, FTMSDeu, for the first time. This algorithm was employed to determine the precursor molecules of halogenated disinfection byproducts (Xn-DBPs) and to evaluate the relative contribution of electrophilic addition and substitution reactions in Xn-DBP formation according to the H/D exchange of DOM molecules. Further, tandem mass spectrometry with homologous-based network analysis was used to validate the formula assignment accuracy of FTMSDeu in the identification of iodinated disinfection byproducts. Electrophilic substitution accounted for 82-98, 71-89, and 43-45% of the formation for Cl-, Br-, and I-containing Xn-DBPs, respectively, indicating the dominant role of the electrophilic substitution in chlorinated disinfection byproducts with low Br and I concentrations. The absence of putative precursors in some Xn-DBPs also suggests that Xn-DBP formation includes secondary reactions (e.g., oxidation and hydrolysis) in addition to the electrophilic addition and/or substitution of halogens. These findings highlight the significance of isotopically labeled UHR-MS techniques in revealing the transformation of DOM in natural and engineered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Long Fu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Manabu Fujii
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Akari Watanabe
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Eunsang Kwon
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Smith AJR, York R, Uhrín D, Bell NGA. New 19F NMR methodology reveals structures of molecules in complex mixtures of fluorinated compounds. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3766-3774. [PMID: 35432904 PMCID: PMC8966635 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06057k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the number of natural fluorinated compounds is very small, fluorinated pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals are numerous. 19F NMR spectroscopy has a great potential for the structure elucidation of fluorinated organic molecules, starting with their production by chemical or chemoenzymatic reactions, through monitoring their structural integrity, to their biotic and abiotic transformation and ultimate degradation in the environment. Additionally, choosing to incorporate 19F into any organic molecule opens a convenient route to study reaction mechanisms and kinetics. Addressing limitations of the existing 19F NMR techniques, we have developed methodology that uses 19F as a powerful spectroscopic spy to study mixtures of fluorinated molecules. The proposed 19F-centred NMR analysis utilises the substantial resolution and sensitivity of 19F to obtain a large number of NMR parameters, which enable structure determination of fluorinated compounds without the need for their separation or the use of standards. Here we illustrate the 19F-centred structure determination process and demonstrate its power by successfully elucidating the structures of chloramination disinfectant by-products of a single mono-fluorinated phenolic compound, which would have been impossible otherwise. This novel NMR approach for the structure elucidation of molecules in complex mixtures represents a major contribution towards the analysis of chemical and biological processes involving fluorinated compounds. 19F-centred NMR structure determination protocol alleviates the need for compound separation. Disinfection byproducts of chloramination were unraveled by analyzing the reaction pathways of a single fluorinated molecule.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J R Smith
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh David Brewster Rd Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Richard York
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh David Brewster Rd Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Dušan Uhrín
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh David Brewster Rd Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Nicholle G A Bell
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh David Brewster Rd Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
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34
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Zhang B, Wang X, Fang Z, Wang S, Shan C, Wei S, Pan B. Unravelling molecular transformation of dissolved effluent organic matter in UV/H 2O 2, UV/persulfate, and UV/chlorine processes based on FT-ICR-MS analysis. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 199:117158. [PMID: 33975087 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-based advanced oxidation processes (UV-AOPs) are very promising in advanced treatment of municipal secondary effluents. However, the transformation of dissolved effluent organic matter (dEfOM) in advanced treatment of real wastewater, particularly at molecular level, remains unclear. In this study, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) coupled with multiple statistical analysis were performed to better understand the transformation of dEfOM in UV/H2O2, UV/persulfate (UV/PS), and UV/chlorine treatments. An obvious increase in oxygen content of dEfOM was observed after every UV-AOPs treatment, and the detailed oxygenation processes were further uncovered by mass difference analysis based on 24 types of typical reactions. Generally, UV/H2O2 process was subjected to the most oxygenation reactions with the typical tri-hydroxylation one (+3O), whereas di-hydroxylation reaction (+H2O2) was dominant in UV/PS and UV/chlorine processes. Additionally, the three UV-AOPs shared the majority of precursors, and more proportions of unique products were identified for each process. The precursors with lower H/C and higher aromaticity were readily degraded by UV/chlorine over UV/H2O2 and UV/PS, with the products featuring lower molecular weight. Moreover, dEfOM of high aromaticity tended to produce chlorinated byproducts through addition reactions in chlorination and UV/chlorine processes. Among these UV-AOPs, the highest reduction of both acute toxicity and specific UV absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254) was observed for UV/chlorine, implying the potential for UV/chlorine process in advanced treatment of wastewater. In addition, acute toxicity was highly correlated with SUVA254 and CHOS compounds. This study is believed to help better understand the different fates of dEfOM in real wastewater during UV-AOPs treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuening Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhuoyao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chao Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Si Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bingcai Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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35
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Xie L, Zan J, Yang Z, Wu Q, Chen X, Ou X, Lin C, Chen Q, Yang H. A Perovskite-Based Paper Microfluidic Sensor for Haloalkane Assays. Front Chem 2021; 9:682006. [PMID: 33981679 PMCID: PMC8107377 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.682006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of haloalkanes is of great industrial and scientific importance because some haloalkanes are found serious biological and atmospheric issues. The development of a flexible, wearable sensing device for haloalkane assays is highly desired. Here, we develop a paper-based microfluidic sensor to achieve low-cost, high-throughput, and convenient detection of haloalkanes using perovskite nanocrystals as a nanoprobe through anion exchanging. We demonstrate that the CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, or I) nanocrystals are selectively and sensitively in response to haloalkanes (CH2Cl2, CH2Br2), and their concentrations can be determined as a function of photoluminescence spectral shifts of perovskite nanocrystals. In particular, an addition of nucleophilic trialkyl phosphines (TOP) or a UV-photon-induced electron transfer from CsPbX3 nanocrystals is responsible for achieving fast sensing of haloalkanes. We further fabricate a paper-based multichannel microfluidic sensor to implement fast colorimetric assays of CH2Cl2 and CH2Br2. We also demonstrate a direct experimental observation on chemical kinetics of anion exchanging in lead-halide perovskite nanocrystals using a slow solvent diffusion strategy. Our studies may offer an opportunity to develop flexible, wearable microfluidic sensors for haloalkane sensing, and advance the in-depth fundamental understanding of the physical origin of anion-exchanged nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xie
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jie Zan
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Yang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qinxia Wu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiangyu Ou
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Caihou Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiushui Chen
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huanghao Yang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, China
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