1
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Nahain AA, Li J, Modhiran N, Watterson D, Li JP, Ignjatovic V, Monagle P, Tsanaktsidis J, Vamvounis G, Ferro V. Antiviral Activities of Heparan Sulfate Mimetic RAFT Polymers Against Mosquito-borne Viruses. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:2862-2871. [PMID: 38699864 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne viruses are a major worldwide health problem associated with high morbidity and mortality rates and significant impacts on national healthcare budgets. The development of antiviral drugs for both the treatment and prophylaxis of these diseases is thus of considerable importance. To address the need for therapeutics with antiviral activity, a library of heparan sulfate mimetic polymers was screened against dengue virus (DENV), Yellow fever virus (YFV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and Ross River virus (RRV). The polymers were prepared by RAFT polymerization of various acidic monomers with a target MW of 20 kDa (average Mn ∼ 27 kDa by GPC). Among the polymers, poly(SS), a homopolymer of sodium styrenesulfonate, was identified as a broad spectrum antiviral with activity against all the tested viruses and particularly potent inhibition of YFV (IC50 = 310 pM). Our results further uncovered that poly(SS) exhibited a robust inhibition of ZIKV infection in both mosquito and human cell lines, which points out the potential functions of poly(SS) in preventing mosquito-borne viruses associated diseases by blocking viral transmission in their mosquito vectors and mitigating viral infection in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Nahain
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jinlin Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, The Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jin-Ping Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, The Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vera Ignjatovic
- Haematology Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Paul Monagle
- Haematology Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - John Tsanaktsidis
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - George Vamvounis
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Vito Ferro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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2
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Chaudhuri D, Majumder S, Giri K. Repurposing of drugs targeting heparan sulphate binding site of dengue virus envelope protein: an in silico competitive binding study. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10834-8. [PMID: 38570391 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10834-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Dengue virus, an arbovirus, leads to millions of infections every year ultimately leading to a high rate of mortality. Highly effective and specific therapeutic option is not available till date to combat viral infection. One of the first stages in the virus lifecycle encompasses the viral entry into the host cell which is mediated by the interaction between heparan sulphate and the Dengue virus envelope protein in turn leading to the interaction between the envelope protein receptor binding domain and host cell receptors. The heparan sulphate binding site on the envelope protein was established using literature survey and the result validated using ColDock simulations. We have performed virtual screening against the heparan sulphate binding site using DrugBank database and short-listed probable inhibitors based on binding energy calculation following Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations in this study. Two compounds (PubChem IDS 448062 and 656615) were selected for further analyses on which RAMD simulations were performed to quantitate the binding stability of both the molecules in the protein binding pocket which ultimately led to the selection of ZK-806450 molecule as the final selected compound. Competitive binding MD simulation against dengue virus envelope protein was performed for this molecule and heparan sulphate in order to ascertain the efficiency of binding of this molecule to the dengue virus envelope protein in the presence of its natural ligand molecule and found that this molecule has a higher affinity for the dengue virus envelope protein GAG binding site than heparan sulphate. This study may help in the use of this inhibitor molecule to combat dengue virus infection in foreseeable future and open a new avenue for drug repurposing methodology using competitive binding MD simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwaipayan Chaudhuri
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Satyabrata Majumder
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Kalyan Giri
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India.
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3
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Zhang Q, Pavlinov I, Ye Y, Zheng W. Therapeutic development targeting host heparan sulfate proteoglycan in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1364657. [PMID: 38618194 PMCID: PMC11014733 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1364657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The global pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to an urgent need for effective therapeutic options. SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic that has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The virus is known to enter host cells by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, and emerging evidence suggests that heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) play a crucial role in facilitating this process. HSPGs are abundant cell surface proteoglycan present in many tissues, including the lung, and have been shown to interact directly with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of the role of HSPGs in SARS-CoV-2 infection and the potential of developing new therapies targeting HSPGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Therapeutic Development Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ivan Pavlinov
- Therapeutic Development Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yihong Ye
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Wei Zheng
- Therapeutic Development Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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4
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Song T, Cooper L, Galván Achi J, Wang X, Dwivedy A, Rong L, Wang X. Polyvalent Nanobody Structure Designed for Boosting SARS-CoV-2 Inhibition. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5894-5900. [PMID: 38408177 PMCID: PMC10965196 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Coronavirus transmission and mutations have brought intensive challenges on pandemic control and disease treatment. Developing robust and versatile antiviral drugs for viral neutralization is highly desired. Here, we created a new polyvalent nanobody (Nb) structure that shows the effective inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Our polyvalent Nb structure, called "PNS", is achieved by first conjugating single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and the receptor-binding domain (RBD)-targeting Nb with retained binding ability to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and then coalescing the ssDNA-Nb conjugates around a gold nanoparticle (AuNP) via DNA hybridization with a desired Nb density that offers spatial pattern-matching with that of the Nb binding sites on the trimeric spike. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assays show that the PNS binds the SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike proteins with a ∼1000-fold improvement in affinity than that of monomeric Nbs. Furthermore, our viral entry inhibition assays using the PNS against SARS-CoV-2 WA/2020 and two recent variants of interest (BQ1.1 and XBB) show an over 400-fold enhancement in viral inhibition compared to free Nbs. Our PNS strategy built on a new DNA-protein conjugation chemistry provides a facile approach to developing robust virus inhibitors by using a corresponding virus-targeting Nb with a desired Nb density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjie Song
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Laura Cooper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Jazmin Galván Achi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Abhisek Dwivedy
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Lijun Rong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Xing Wang
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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5
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Merchán A, Ramírez-López P, Martínez C, Suárez JR, Perona A, Hernáiz MJ. Exploring Rigid and Flexible Scaffolds to Develop Potent Glucuronic Acid Glycodendrimers for Dengue Virus Inhibition. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:34-42. [PMID: 37964742 PMCID: PMC10797590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Multivalent glycodendrimers are valuable tools for studying carbohydrate-protein interactions, and their scaffolds represent important components to increase specificity and affinity. Previous work by our group described the preparation of a tetravalent glucuronic acid rigid dendron that binds with good affinity to the dengue virus envelope protein (KD = 22 μM). Herein, the chemical synthesis and binding analysis of three new sets of rigid, semirigid, and flexible glucuronic acid-based dendrimers bearing different levels of multivalency and their interactions with the dengue virus envelope protein are described. The different oligoalkynyl scaffolds were coupled to glucuronic acid azides by a copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction through optimized synthetic strategies to afford the desired glycodendrimers with good yields. Surface plasmon resonance studies have demonstrated that glycodendrimers 12b and 12c, with flexible scaffolds, give the best binding interactions with the dengue virus envelope protein (12b: KD = 0.487 μM and 12c: KD = 0.624 μM). Their binding constant values were 45 and 35 times higher than the one obtained in previous studies with a rigid tetravalent glucuronic acid dendron (KD = 22 μM), respectively. Molecular modeling studies were carried out in order to understand the difference in behavior observed for 12b and 12c. This work reports an efficient glycodendrimer chemical synthesis process that provides an appropriate scaffold that offers an easy and versatile strategy to find new active compounds against the dengue virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Merchán
- Departamento de Química
en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plz. Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid, C.P. 28040, España
| | - Pedro Ramírez-López
- Departamento de Química
en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plz. Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid, C.P. 28040, España
| | - Carlos Martínez
- Departamento de Química
en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plz. Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid, C.P. 28040, España
| | - José Ramón Suárez
- Departamento de Química
en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plz. Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid, C.P. 28040, España
| | - Almudena Perona
- Departamento de Química
en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plz. Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid, C.P. 28040, España
| | - María J. Hernáiz
- Departamento de Química
en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plz. Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid, C.P. 28040, España
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6
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wang P, Jing T, Hu Y, Chen X. Research Progress on Antiviral Activity of Heparin. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:7-24. [PMID: 36740803 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230203124032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heparin, as a glycosaminoglycan, is known for its anticoagulant and antithrombotic properties for several decades. Heparin is a life-saving drug and is widely used for anticoagulation in medical practice. In recent years, there have been extensive studies that heparin plays an important role in non-anticoagulant diseases, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-angiogenesis, anti-neoplastic, anti-metastatic effects, and so on. Clinical observation and in vitro experiments indicate that heparin displays a potential multitarget effect. In this brief review, we will summarize heparin and its derivative's recently studied progress for the treatment of various viral infections. The aim is to maximize the benefits of drugs through medically targeted development, to meet the unmet clinical needs of serious viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Chinese Materia Medica Pharmacology, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yanqing Zhang
- Shandong VeriSign Test Detection Co., LTD, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Chinese Materia Medica Pharmacology, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Tianyuan Jing
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yanan Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiushan Chen
- Zhenjiang Runjing High Purity Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Aiassa LV, Battaglia G, Rizzello L. The multivalency game ruling the biology of immunity. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:041306. [PMID: 38505426 PMCID: PMC10914136 DOI: 10.1063/5.0166165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages play a crucial role in our immune system, preserving tissue health and defending against harmful pathogens. This article examines the diversity of macrophages influenced by tissue-specific functions and developmental origins, both in normal and disease conditions. Understanding the spectrum of macrophage activation states, especially in pathological situations where they contribute significantly to disease progression, is essential to develop targeted therapies effectively. These states are characterized by unique receptor compositions and phenotypes, but they share commonalities. Traditional drugs that target individual entities are often insufficient. A promising approach involves using multivalent systems adorned with multiple ligands to selectively target specific macrophage populations based on their phenotype. Achieving this requires constructing supramolecular structures, typically at the nanoscale. This review explores the theoretical foundation of engineered multivalent nanosystems, dissecting the key parameters governing specific interactions. The goal is to design targeting systems based on distinct cell phenotypes, providing a pragmatic approach to navigating macrophage heterogeneity's complexities for more effective therapeutic interventions.
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8
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Pagani I, Ottoboni L, Panina-Bordignon P, Martino G, Poli G, Taylor S, Turnbull JE, Yates E, Vicenzi E. Heparin Precursors with Reduced Anticoagulant Properties Retain Antiviral and Protective Effects That Potentiate the Efficacy of Sofosbuvir against Zika Virus Infection in Human Neural Progenitor Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1385. [PMID: 37895856 PMCID: PMC10609960 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy can result in severe birth defects, such as microcephaly, as well as a range of other related health complications. Heparin, a clinical-grade anticoagulant, is shown to protect neural progenitor cells from death following ZIKV infection. Although heparin can be safely used during pregnancy, it retains off-target anticoagulant effects if directly employed against ZIKV infection. In this study, we investigated the effects of chemically modified heparin derivatives with reduced anticoagulant activities. These derivatives were used as experimental probes to explore the structure-activity relationships. Precursor fractions of porcine heparin, obtained during the manufacture of conventional pharmaceutical heparin with decreased anticoagulant activities, were also explored. Interestingly, these modified heparin derivatives and precursor fractions not only prevented cell death but also inhibited the ZIKV replication of infected neural progenitor cells grown as neurospheres. These effects were observed regardless of the specific sulfation position or overall charge. Furthermore, the combination of heparin with Sofosbuvir, an antiviral licensed for the treatment of hepatitis C (HCV) that also belongs to the same Flaviviridae family as ZIKV, showed a synergistic effect. This suggested that a combination therapy approach involving heparin precursors and Sofosbuvir could be a potential strategy for the prevention or treatment of ZIKV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Pagani
- Viral Pathogenesis and Biosafety Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Linda Ottoboni
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Panina-Bordignon
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvito Martino
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Guido Poli
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Human Immuno-Virology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Sarah Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry & Systems Biology, ISMIB, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Jeremy E Turnbull
- Department of Biochemistry & Systems Biology, ISMIB, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffs ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Edwin Yates
- Department of Biochemistry & Systems Biology, ISMIB, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffs ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Elisa Vicenzi
- Viral Pathogenesis and Biosafety Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
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9
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Chauhan N, Xiong Y, Ren S, Dwivedy A, Magazine N, Zhou L, Jin X, Zhang T, Cunningham BT, Yao S, Huang W, Wang X. Net-Shaped DNA Nanostructures Designed for Rapid/Sensitive Detection and Potential Inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20214-20228. [PMID: 35881910 PMCID: PMC9344894 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a net-shaped DNA nanostructure (called "DNA Net" herein) design strategy for selective recognition and high-affinity capture of intact SARS-CoV-2 virions through spatial pattern-matching and multivalent interactions between the aptamers (targeting wild-type spike-RBD) positioned on the DNA Net and the trimeric spike glycoproteins displayed on the viral outer surface. Carrying a designer nanoswitch, the DNA Net-aptamers release fluorescence signals upon virus binding that are easily read with a handheld fluorimeter for a rapid (in 10 min), simple (mix-and-read), sensitive (PCR equivalent), room temperature compatible, and inexpensive (∼$1.26/test) COVID-19 test assay. The DNA Net-aptamers also impede authentic wild-type SARS-CoV-2 infection in cell culture with a near 1 × 103-fold enhancement of the monomeric aptamer. Furthermore, our DNA Net design principle and strategy can be customized to tackle other life-threatening and economically influential viruses like influenza and HIV, whose surfaces carry class-I viral envelope glycoproteins like the SARS-CoV-2 spikes in trimeric forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory (HMNTL), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology (IGB), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yanyu Xiong
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology (IGB), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Shaokang Ren
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory (HMNTL), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Abhisek Dwivedy
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory (HMNTL), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology (IGB), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Nicholas Magazine
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Lifeng Zhou
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory (HMNTL), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology (IGB), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Brian T. Cunningham
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory (HMNTL), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology (IGB), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | - Weishan Huang
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory (HMNTL), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology (IGB), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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10
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Vanderlinden E, Boonen A, Noppen S, Schoofs G, Imbrechts M, Geukens N, Snoeck R, Stevaert A, Naesens L, Andrei G, Schols D. PRO-2000 exhibits SARS-CoV-2 antiviral activity by interfering with spike-heparin binding. Antiviral Res 2023; 217:105700. [PMID: 37562608 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report on the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of PRO-2000, a sulfonated polyanionic compound. In Vero cells infected with the Wuhan, alpha, beta, delta or omicron variant, PRO-2000 displayed EC50 values of 1.1 μM, 2.4 μM, 1.3 μM, 2.1 μM and 0.11 μM, respectively, and an average selectivity index (i.e. ratio of cytotoxic versus antiviral concentration) of 172. Its anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity was confirmed by virus yield assays in Vero cells, Caco2 cells and A549 cells overexpressing ACE2 and TMPRSS2 (A549-AT). Using pseudoviruses bearing the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S), PRO-2000 was shown to block the S-mediated pseudovirus entry in Vero cells and A549-AT cells, with EC50 values of 0.091 μM and 1.6 μM, respectively. This entry process is initiated by interaction of the S glycoprotein with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) studies showed that PRO-2000 binds to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of S with a KD of 1.6 nM. Similar KD values (range: 1.2 nM-2.1 nM) were obtained with the RBDs of the alpha, beta, delta and omicron variants. In an SPR neutralization assay, PRO-2000 had no effect on the interaction between the RBD and ACE2. Instead, PRO-2000 was proven to inhibit binding of the RBD to a heparin-coated sensor chip, yielding an IC50 of 1.1 nM. To conclude, PRO-2000 has the potential to inhibit a broad range of SARS-CoV-2 variants by blocking the heparin-binding site on the S protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Vanderlinden
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Arnaud Boonen
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sam Noppen
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Schoofs
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maya Imbrechts
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center, Herestraat 49 box 820, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nick Geukens
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center, Herestraat 49 box 820, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert Snoeck
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annelies Stevaert
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieve Naesens
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Graciela Andrei
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique Schols
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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11
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Ayusso GM, Lima MLD, da Silva Sanches PR, Santos IA, Martins DOS, da Conceição PJP, Carvalho T, da Costa VG, Bittar C, Merits A, Santos-Filho NA, Cilli EM, Jardim ACG, de Freitas Calmon M, Rahal P. The Dimeric Peptide (KKYRYHLKPF) 2K Shows Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity by Inhibiting Different Steps of Chikungunya and Zika Virus Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051168. [PMID: 37243254 DOI: 10.3390/v15051168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) are important disease-causing agents worldwide. Currently, there are no antiviral drugs or vaccines approved to treat these viruses. However, peptides have shown great potential for new drug development. A recent study described (p-BthTX-I)2K [(KKYRYHLKPF)2K], a peptide derived from the Bothropstoxin-I toxin in the venom of the Bothrops jararacussu snake, showed antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we assessed the activity of this peptide against CHIKV and ZIKV and its antiviral action in the different stages of the viral replication cycle in vitro. We observed that (p-BthTX-I)2K impaired CHIKV infection by interfering with the early steps of the viral replication cycle, reducing CHIKV entry into BHK-21 cells specifically by reducing both the attachment and internalization steps. (p-BthTX-I)2K also inhibited the ZIKV replicative cycle in Vero cells. The peptide protected the cells against ZIKV infection and decreased the levels of the viral RNA and the NS3 protein of this virus at viral post-entry steps. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of the (p-BthTX-I)2K peptide to be a novel broad-spectrum antiviral candidate that targets different steps of the replication cycle of both CHIKV and ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Miranda Ayusso
- Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Letícia Duarte Lima
- Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Igor Andrade Santos
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38408-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniel Oliveira Silva Martins
- Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38408-100, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Tamara Carvalho
- Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Vivaldo Gomes da Costa
- Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Bittar
- Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andres Merits
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Eduardo Maffud Cilli
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara 14800-060, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Gomes Jardim
- Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38408-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Marilia de Freitas Calmon
- Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Rahal
- Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
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12
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Zhou L, Xiong Y, Cooper L, Shepherd S, Song T, Dwivedy A, Rong L, Wang T, Cunningham BT, Wang X. Designer DNA NanoGripper. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.26.538490. [PMID: 37162861 PMCID: PMC10168355 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.26.538490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
DNA has shown great biocompatibility, programmable mechanical properties, and structural addressability at the nanometer scale, making it a versatile material for building high precision nanorobotics for biomedical applications. Herein, we present design principle, synthesis, and characterization of a DNA nanorobotic hand, called the "NanoGripper", that contains a palm and four bendable fingers as inspired by human hands, bird claws, and bacteriophages evolved in nature. Each NanoGripper finger has three phalanges connected by two flexible and rotatable joints that are bendable in response to binding to other entities. Functions of the NanoGripper have been enabled and driven by the interactions between moieties attached to the fingers and their binding partners. We showcase that the NanoGripper can be engineered to interact with and capture various objects with different dimensions, including gold nanoparticles, gold NanoUrchins, and SARS-CoV-2 virions. When carrying multiple DNA aptamer nanoswitches programmed to generate fluorescent signal enhanced on a photonic crystal platform, the NanoGripper functions as a sensitive viral biosensor that detects intact SARS-CoV-2 virions in human saliva with a limit of detection of ~ 100 copies/mL, providing RT-PCR equivalent sensitivity. Additionally, we use confocal microscopy to visualize how the NanoGripper-aptamer complex can effectively block viral entry into the host cells, indicating the viral inhibition. In summary, we report the design, synthesis, and characterization of a complex nanomachine that can be readily tailored for specific applications. The study highlights a path toward novel, feasible, and efficient solutions for the diagnosis and therapy of other diseases such as HIV and influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Zhou
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yanyu Xiong
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Laura Cooper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Skye Shepherd
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Tingjie Song
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Abhisek Dwivedy
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Lijun Rong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Tong Wang
- Advanced Science Research Center at Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Brian T. Cunningham
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Xing Wang
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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13
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Maciej-Hulme ML, Leprince ACN, Lavin A, Guimond SE, Turnbull JE, Pelletier J, Yates EA, Powell AK, Skidmore MA. High sensitivity (zeptomole) detection of BODIPY-labelled heparan sulfate (HS) disaccharides by ion-paired RP-HPLC and LIF detection enables analysis of HS from mosquito midguts. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:1461-1469. [PMID: 36876452 PMCID: PMC10019443 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01803a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The fine structure of heparan sulfate (HS), the glycosaminoglycan polysaccharide component of cell surface and extracellular matrix HS proteoglycans, coordinates the complex cell signalling processes that control homeostasis and drive development in multicellular animals. In addition, HS is involved in the infection of mammals by viruses, bacteria and parasites. The current detection limit for fluorescently labelled HS disaccharides (low femtomole; 10-15 mol), has effectively hampered investigations of HS composition in small, functionally-relevant populations of cells and tissues that may illuminate the structural requirements for infection and other biochemical processes. Here, an ultra-high sensitivity method is described that utilises a combination of reverse-phase HPLC, with tetraoctylammonium bromide (TOAB) as the ion-pairing reagent and laser-induced fluorescence detection of BODIPY-FL-labelled disaccharides. The method provides an unparalleled increase in the sensitivity of detection by ∼six orders of magnitude, enabling detection in the zeptomolar range (∼10-21 moles; <1000 labelled molecules). This facilitates determination of HS disaccharide compositional analysis from minute samples of selected tissues, as demonstrated by analysis of HS isolated from the midguts of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes that was achieved without approaching the limit of detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa L Maciej-Hulme
- Centre for Glycoscience Research and Training, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Anaëlle C N Leprince
- Centre for Glycoscience Research and Training, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
- Université de Rennes 1, Rue du Thabor, 35065 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Andre Lavin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Scott E Guimond
- Centre for Glycoscience Research and Training, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Jeremy E Turnbull
- Centre for Glycoscience Research and Training, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Julien Pelletier
- Centre for Glycoscience Research and Training, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Edwin A Yates
- Centre for Glycoscience Research and Training, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Andrew K Powell
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Mark A Skidmore
- Centre for Glycoscience Research and Training, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
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14
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Singh AK, Anwar M, Pradhan R, Ashar MS, Rai N, Dey S. Surface plasmon resonance based-optical biosensor: Emerging diagnostic tool for early detection of diseases. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023:e202200380. [PMID: 36883612 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of diagnostic tools remains at the center of the health care system. In recent times optical biosensors have been widely applied in the scientific community, especially for monitoring protein-protein or nucleic acid hybridization interactions. Optical biosensors-derived surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology has appeared as a revolutionary technology at the current times. This review focuses on the research work in molecular biomarker evaluation using the technique based on SPR for translational clinical diagnosis. The review has covered both communicable and noncommunicable diseases by using different bio-fluids of the patient's sample for diagnosis of the diseases. An increasing number of SPR approaches have been developed in healthcare research and fundamental biological studies. The utility of SPR in the area of biosensing basically lies in its noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic feature due to its label-free high sensitivity and specificity properties. This makes SPR an invaluable tool with precise application in the recognition of different stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinay Kumar Singh
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Masroor Anwar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rashmita Pradhan
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Suhail Ashar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nitish Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University (MLSU), Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sharmistha Dey
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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15
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Elste J, Chan A, Patil C, Tripathi V, Shadrack DM, Jaishankar D, Hawkey A, Mungerson MS, Shukla D, Tiwari V. Archaic connectivity between the sulfated heparan sulfate and the herpesviruses - An evolutionary potential for cross-species interactions. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:1030-1040. [PMID: 36733705 PMCID: PMC9880898 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The structural diversity of metazoic heparan sulfate (HS) composed of unique sulfated domains is remarkably preserved among various vertebrates and invertebrate species. Interestingly the sulfated moieties of HS have been known as the key determinants generating extraordinary ligand binding sites in the HS chain to regulate multiple biological functions and homeostasis. One such ligand for 3-O sulfation in the HS chain is a glycoprotein D (gD) from an ancient herpesvirus, herpes simplex virus (HSV). This interaction between gD and 3-O sulfated HS leads to virus-cell fusion to promote HSV entry. It is quite astonishing that HSV-1, which infects two-thirds of the world population, is also capable of causing severe diseases in primates and non-primates including primitive zebrafish. Supporting evidence that HSV may cross the species barrier comes from the fact that an enzymatic modification in HS encoded by 3-O sulfotransferase-3 (3-OST-3) from a vertebrate zoonotic species enhances HSV-1 infectivity. The latter phenomenon suggests the possible role of sulfated-HS as an entry receptor during reverse zoonosis, especially during an event when humans encounter domesticated animals in proximity. In this mini-review, we explore the possibility that structural diversity in HS may have played a substantial role in species-specific adaptability for herpesviruses in general including their potential role in promoting cross-species transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Elste
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine and College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Angelica Chan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine and College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Chandrashekhar Patil
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Vinisha Tripathi
- Mountain Vista High School, 10585 Mountain Vista Ridge, Highlands Ranch, CO 80126, USA
| | - Daniel M. Shadrack
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, St John's University of Tanzania, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Dinesh Jaishankar
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Andrew Hawkey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Michelle Swanson Mungerson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine and College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Vaibhav Tiwari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine and College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA,Corresponding author.
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16
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Langouët-Astrié C, Oshima K, McMurtry SA, Yang Y, Kwiecinski JM, LaRivière WB, Kavanaugh JS, Zakharevich I, Hansen KC, Shi D, Zhang F, Boguslawski KM, Perelman SS, Su G, Torres VJ, Liu J, Horswill AR, Schmidt EP. The influenza-injured lung microenvironment promotes MRSA virulence, contributing to severe secondary bacterial pneumonia. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111721. [PMID: 36450248 PMCID: PMC10082619 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza infection is substantially worsened by the onset of secondary pneumonia caused by bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The bidirectional interaction between the influenza-injured lung microenvironment and MRSA is poorly understood. By conditioning MRSA ex vivo in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid collected from mice at various time points of influenza infection, we found that the influenza-injured lung microenvironment dynamically induces MRSA to increase cytotoxin expression while decreasing metabolic pathways. LukAB, a SaeRS two-component system-dependent cytotoxin, is particularly important to the severity of post-influenza MRSA pneumonia. LukAB's activity is likely shaped by the post-influenza lung microenvironment, as LukAB binds to (and is activated by) heparan sulfate (HS) oligosaccharide sequences shed from the epithelial glycocalyx after influenza. Our findings indicate that post-influenza MRSA pneumonia is shaped by bidirectional host-pathogen interactions: host injury triggers changes in bacterial expression of toxins, the activity of which may be shaped by host-derived HS fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaori Oshima
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sarah A McMurtry
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Yimu Yang
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jakub M Kwiecinski
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30387, Poland
| | - Wells B LaRivière
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Kavanaugh
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Igor Zakharevich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Deling Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Kristina M Boguslawski
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sofya S Perelman
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Gouwei Su
- University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Victor J Torres
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alexander R Horswill
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Eric P Schmidt
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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17
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Zoladek J, Burlaud-Gaillard J, Chazal M, Desgraupes S, Jeannin P, Gessain A, Pardigon N, Hubert M, Roingeard P, Jouvenet N, Afonso PV. Human Claudin-Derived Peptides Block the Membrane Fusion Process of Zika Virus and Are Broad Flavivirus Inhibitors. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0298922. [PMID: 36040168 PMCID: PMC9603178 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02989-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that emerged in the Pacific islands in 2007 and spread to the Americas in 2015. The infection remains asymptomatic in most cases but can be associated with severe neurological disorders. Despite massive efforts, no specific drug or vaccine against ZIKV infection is available to date. Claudins are tight-junction proteins that favor the entry of several flaviviruses, including ZIKV. In this study, we identified two peptides derived from the N-terminal sequences of claudin-7 and claudin-1, named CL7.1 and CL1.1, respectively, that inhibited ZIKV infection in a panel of human cell lines. Using cell-to-cell fusion assays, we demonstrated that these peptides blocked the ZIKV E-mediated membrane fusion. A comparison of the antiviral efficacy of CL1.1 and CL7.1 pointed to the importance of the peptide amphipathicity. Electron microscopic analysis revealed that CL1.1 altered the ultrastructure of the viral particles likely by binding the virus lipid envelope. However, amphipathicity could not fully explain the antiviral activity of CL1.1. In silico docking simulations suggested that CL1.1 may also interact with the E protein, near its stem region. Overall, our data suggested that claudin-derived peptides inhibition may be linked to simultaneous interaction with the E protein and the viral lipid envelope. Finally, we found that CL1.1 also blocked infection by yellow fever and Japanese encephalitis viruses but not by HIV-1 or SARS-CoV-2. Our results provide a basis for the future development of therapeutics against a wide range of endemic and emerging flaviviruses. IMPORTANCE Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus transmitted by mosquito bites that have spread to the Pacific Islands and the Americas over the past decade. The infection remains asymptomatic in most cases but can cause severe neurological disorders. ZIKV is a major public health threat in areas of endemicity, and there is currently no specific antiviral drug or vaccine available. We identified two antiviral peptides deriving from the N-terminal sequences of claudin-7 and claudin-1 with the latter being the most effective. These peptides block the envelope-mediated membrane fusion. Our data suggested that the inhibition was likely achieved by simultaneously interacting with the viral lipid envelope and the E protein. The peptides also inhibited other flaviviruses. These results could provide the basis for the development of therapies that might target a wide array of flaviviruses from current epidemics and possibly future emergences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Zoladek
- Unité Épidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Julien Burlaud-Gaillard
- Inserm U1259 MAVIVH, Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
- Plate-Forme IBiSA de Microscopie Electronique, Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Maxime Chazal
- Unité Signalisation Antivirale, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Desgraupes
- Unité Épidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Patricia Jeannin
- Unité Épidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Gessain
- Unité Épidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Pardigon
- Groupe Arbovirus, Unité Environnement et Risques Infectieux, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Hubert
- Unité Virus et Immunité, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Roingeard
- Inserm U1259 MAVIVH, Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
- Plate-Forme IBiSA de Microscopie Electronique, Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Nolwenn Jouvenet
- Unité Signalisation Antivirale, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Philippe V. Afonso
- Unité Épidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
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Heparin Protects Human Neural Progenitor Cells from Zika Virus-Induced Cell Death While Preserving Their Differentiation into Mature Neuroglial Cells. J Virol 2022; 96:e0112222. [PMID: 36121298 PMCID: PMC9555206 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01122-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus member of the Flaviviridae family that causes severe congenital brain anomalies in infected fetuses. The key target cells of ZIKV infection, human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs), are highly permissive to infection that causes the inhibition of cell proliferation and induces cell death. We have previously shown that pharmaceutical-grade heparin inhibits virus-induced cell death with negligible effects on in vitro virus replication in ZIKV-infected hNPCs at the “high” multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1. Here, we show that heparin inhibits formation of ZIKV-induced intracellular vacuoles, a signature of paraptosis, and inhibits necrosis and apoptosis of hNPCs grown as neurospheres (NS). To test whether heparin preserved the differentiation of ZIKV-infected hNPCs into neuroglial cells, hNPCs were infected at the MOI of 0.001. In this experimental condition, heparin inhibited ZIKV replication by ca. 2 log10, mostly interfering with virion attachment, while maintaining its protective effect against ZIKV-induced cytopathicity. Heparin preserved differentiation into neuroglial cells of hNPCs that were obtained from either human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) or by fetal tissue. Quite surprisingly, multiple additions of heparin to hNPCs enabled prolonged virus replication while preventing virus-induced cytopathicity. Collectively, these results highlight the potential neuroprotective effect of heparin that could serve as a lead compound to develop novel agents for preventing the damage of ZIKV infection on the developing brain. IMPORTANCE ZIKV is a neurotropic virus that invades neural progenitor cells (NPCs), causing inhibition of their proliferation and maturation into neurons and glial cells. We have shown previously that heparin, an anticoagulant also used widely during pregnancy, prevents ZIKV-induced cell death with negligible inhibition of virus replication. Here, we demonstrate that heparin also exerts antiviral activity against ZIKV replication using a much lower infectious inoculum. Moreover, heparin interferes with different modalities of virus-induced cell death. Finally, heparin-induced prevention of virus-induced NPC death allows their differentiation into neuroglial cells despite the intracellular accumulation of virions. These results highlight the potential use of heparin, or pharmacological agents derived from it, in pregnant women to prevent the devastating effects of ZIKV infection on the developing brain of their fetuses.
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Gomez SA, Rojas-Valencia N, Gomez S, Lans I, Restrepo A. Initial recognition and attachment of the Zika virus to host cells: A molecular dynamics and quantum interaction approach. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200351. [PMID: 35951472 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The zika virus (ZIKV), transmitted to humans from the bites of Aedes Aegypti and Aedes Albopictus mosquitoes produces Zika fever and neurodegenerative disorders that despite affecting millions of people, most recently in Africa and the Americas, has been declared a neglected tropical disease by the World Health Organization. In this work, atomistic molecular dynamics simulations followed by rigorous analysis of the intermolecular interactions reveal crucial aspects of the initial virus···cell molecular recognition and attachment, events that trigger the infectious cycle. Previous experimental studies have shown that Dermatan Sulphate (DS) and Chondroitin Sulphate A (CSA), two glycosaminoglycans which are actually epimers to each other and that are structural constituents of receptors expressed in cell membranes, are the preferred anchorage sites, with a marked preference for DS. Our calculations rationalize this preference from a molecular perspective as follows: when free of the virus, DS has one sulfate group that does not participate in intramolecular strong hydrogen bonds, thus, it is readily available to interact with the envelope protein of the virus (Zika-E), then, after formation of the complexes, Zika-E···DS exhibits ten strong salt brides connecting the two fragments against only six salt bridges and two hydrogen bonds in Zika-E···CSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago A Gomez
- University of Antioquia: Universidad de Antioquia, Chemistry, COLOMBIA
| | | | - Sara Gomez
- Scuola Normale Superiore Classe di Scienze, Chemistry, COLOMBIA
| | - Isaias Lans
- University of Antioquia: Universidad de Antioquia, Chemistry, COLOMBIA
| | - Albeiro Restrepo
- Universidad de Antioquia, Chemistry, AA 1226, 00000, Medellin, COLOMBIA
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20
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Heparin: An old drug for new clinical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 295:119818. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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21
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Guo D, Yu X, Wang D, Li Z, Zhou Y, Xu G, Yuan B, Qin Y, Chen M. SLC35B2 Acts in a Dual Role in the Host Sulfation Required for EV71 Infection. J Virol 2022; 96:e0204221. [PMID: 35420441 PMCID: PMC9093107 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02042-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important neurotropic enterovirus, enterovirus 71 (EV71) is occasionally associated with severe neurological diseases and high mortality rates in infants and young children. Understanding the interaction between host factors and EV71 will play a vital role in developing antivirals and optimizing vaccines. Here, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen and revealed that scavenger receptor class B member 2 (SCARB2), solute carrier family 35 member B2 (SLC35B2), and beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 3 (B3GAT3) are essential in facilitating EV71 replication. Subsequently, the exploration of molecular mechanisms suggested that the knockout of SLC35B2 or B3GAT3, not SCARB2, led to a remarkable decrease in the binding of EV71 to cells and internalization into cells. Furthermore, we found that the infection efficiency for EV71 was positively correlated with the level of host cell sulfation, not simply with the amount of heparan sulfate, suggesting that an unidentified sulfated protein(s) must contribute to EV71 infection. In support of this idea, we screened possible sulfated proteins among the proteinous receptors for EV71 and confirmed that SCARB2 could uniquely interact with both tyrosyl protein sulfotransferases in humans. We then performed mass spectrometric analysis of SCARB2, identifying five sites with tyrosine sulfation. The function verification test indicated that there were more than five tyrosine-sulfated sites on SCARB2. Finally, we constructed a model for EV71 entry in which both heparan sulfate and SCARB2 are regulated by SLC35B2 and act cooperatively to support viral binding, internalization, and uncoating. Taken together, this is the first time that we performed the pooled CRISPR-Cas9 genetic screening to investigate the interplay of host cells and EV71. Furthermore, we found that a novel host factor, SLC35B2, played a dual role in regulating the overall sulfation comprising heparan sulfate sulfation and protein tyrosine sulfation, which are critical for EV71 entry. IMPORTANCE As the most important nonpolio neurotropic enterovirus lacking specific treatments, EV71 can transmit to the central nervous system, leading to severe and fatal neurological complications in infants and young children. The identification of new factors that facilitate or inhibit EV71 replication is crucial to uncover the mechanisms of viral infection and pathogenesis. To date, only a few host factors involved in EV71 infection have been characterized. Herein, we conducted a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 functional knockout (GeCKO) screen for the first time to study EV71 in HeLa cells. The screening results are presented as a ranked list of candidates, including 518 hits in the positive selection that facilitate EV71 replication and 1,044 hits in the negative selection that may be essential for cell growth and survival or for suppressing EV71 infection. We subsequently concentrated on the top three hits in the positive selection: SCARB2, SLC35B2, and B3GAT3. The knockout of any of these three genes confers strong resistance against EV71 infection. We confirmed that EV71 infection is codependent on two receptors, heparan sulfate and SCARB2. We also identified a host entry factor, SLC35B2, indirectly facilitating EV71 infection through regulation of the host cell sulfation, and determined a novel posttranslational modification, protein tyrosine sulfation existing in SCARB2. This study revealed that EV71 infectivity exhibits a significant positive correlation with the level of cellular sulfation regulated by SLC35B2. Due to the sulfation pathway being required for many distinct viruses, including but not limited to EV71 and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which were tested in this study, SLC35B2 represents a target of broad-spectrum antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinghai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhifei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guodong Xu
- Wuhan Canvest Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bing Yuan
- Wuhan Canvest Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yali Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingzhou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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22
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Ling J, Li J, Khan A, Lundkvist Å, Li JP. Is heparan sulfate a target for inhibition of RNA virus infection? Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C605-C613. [PMID: 35196165 PMCID: PMC8977144 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00028.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a linear polysaccharide attached to a core protein, forming heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) that are ubiquitously expressed on the surface of almost all mammalian cells and the extracellular matrix. HS orchestrates the binding of various signal molecules to their receptors, thus, regulating many biological processes, including homeostasis, metabolism, and various pathological processes. Due to its wide distribution and negatively charged properties, HS is exploited by many viruses as a co-factor to attach to host cells. Therefore, inhibition of the interaction between virus and HS is proposed as a promising approach to mitigate viral infection, including SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we summarize the interaction manners of HS with viruses with focus on significant pathogenic RNA viruses, including alphaviruses, flaviviruses, and coronaviruses. We also provide an overview of the challenges we may face when using HS-mimetics as antivirals for clinical treatment. More studies are needed to provide a further understanding of the interplay between HS and viruses both in vitro and in vivo, which will favor the development of specific antiviral inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Ling
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology & The Biomedical Center; Zoonosis Science Center, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.,Zoonosis Science Center, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jinlin Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology & The Biomedical Center; Zoonosis Science Center, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Asifa Khan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology & The Biomedical Center; Zoonosis Science Center, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åke Lundkvist
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology & The Biomedical Center; Zoonosis Science Center, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.,Zoonosis Science Center, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jin-Ping Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology & The Biomedical Center; Zoonosis Science Center, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.,SciLifeLab Uppsala, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
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23
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Abstract
Arboviruses are medically important arthropod-borne viruses that cause a range of diseases in humans from febrile illness to arthritis, encephalitis and hemorrhagic fever. Given their transmission cycles, these viruses face the challenge of replicating in evolutionarily divergent organisms that can include ticks, flies, mosquitoes, birds, rodents, reptiles and primates. Furthermore, their cell attachment receptor utilization may be affected by the opposing needs for generating high and sustained serum viremia in vertebrates such that virus particles are efficiently collected during a hematophagous arthropod blood meal but they must also bind sufficiently to cellular structures on divergent organisms such that productive infection can be initiated and viremia generated. Sulfated polysaccharides of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) groups, primarily heparan sulfate (HS), have been identified as cell attachment moieties for many arboviruses. Original identification of GAG binding as a phenotype of arboviruses appeared to involve this attribute arising solely as a consequence of adaptation of virus isolates to growth in cell culture. However, more recently, naturally circulating strains of at least one arbovirus, eastern equine encephalitis, have been shown to bind HS efficiently and the GAG binding phenotype continues to be associated with arbovirus infection in published studies. If GAGs are attachment receptors for many naturally circulating arboviruses, this could lead to development of broad-spectrum antiviral therapies through blocking of the virus-GAG interaction. This review summarizes the available data for GAG/HS binding as a phenotype of naturally circulating arbovirus strains emphasizing the importance of avoiding tissue culture amplification and artifactual phenotypes during their isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D H Alcorn
- Center for Vaccine Research, Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - William B Klimstra
- Center for Vaccine Research, Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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24
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Utomo DIS, Pambudi S, Park EY. Humoral immune response induced with dengue virus-like particles serotypes 1 and 4 produced in silkworm. AMB Express 2022; 12:8. [PMID: 35102445 PMCID: PMC8802989 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01353-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is an arboviral disease, which threatens almost half the global population, and has emerged as the most significant of current global public health challenges. In this study, we prepared dengue virus-like particles (DENV-LPs) consisting of Capsid-premembrane-envelope (CprME) and premembrane-envelope (prME) polypeptides from serotype 1 and 4, which were expressed in the silkworms using Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) bacmid. 1CprME, 1prME, 4CprME, and 4prME expressed proteins in hemolymph, and the molecular weight of the purified proteins was 55 kDa, respectively. The purified polypeptides formed spherical Dengue virus-like particles (DENV-LPs) with ~ 30–55 nm in diameter. The immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) images revealed antigens to the surface of a lipid bilayer of DENV-LPs. The heparin-binding assay shows a positive relationship between absorbance and E protein domain III (EDIII) quantity, which is supported by the isothermal titration calorimetry assay. This indicates a moderate binding affinity between heparin and DENV-LP. The high correlation between patient sera and DENV-LP reactivities revealed that these DENV-LPs shared similar epitopes with the natural dengue virus. IgG elicitation studies in mice have demonstrated that DENV-LPs/CPrMEs elicit a stronger immune response than DENV-LP/prMEs, which lends credence to this claim. Dengue virus-like particles for serotype 1 and serotype 4 (DENV-LPs/1 and DENV-LPs/4) were produced in silkworm. Heparin-binding assay by ELISA and ITC showed that DENV-LPs/1 and DENV-LPs/4 contain Envelope Domain III. DENV-LPs/1 and DENV-LPs/4 showed affinity to sera from human dengue patients and immunized mice.
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25
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Botwina P, Obłoza M, Zatorska-Płachta M, Kamiński K, Mizusaki M, Yusa SI, Szczubiałka K, Pyrc K, Nowakowska M. Self-Organized Nanoparticles of Random and Block Copolymers of Sodium 2-(Acrylamido)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate and Sodium 11-(Acrylamido)undecanoate as Safe and Effective Zika Virus Inhibitors. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:309. [PMID: 35214042 PMCID: PMC8876367 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of anionic homopolymers, poly(sodium 2-(acrylamido)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate) (PAMPS) and amphiphilic copolymers of AMPS and sodium 11-(acrylamido)undecanoate (AaU), both block (PAMPS75-b-PAaUn), and random (P(AMPSm-co-AaUn)), were synthesized and their antiviral activity against Zika virus (ZIKV) was evaluated. Interestingly, while the homopolymers showed limited antiviral activity, the copolymers are very efficient antivirals. This observation was explained considering that under the conditions relevant to the biological experiments (pH 7.4 PBS buffer) the macromolecules of these copolymers exist as negatively charged (zeta potential about -25 mV) nanoparticles (4-12 nm) due to their self-organization. They inhibit the ZIKV replication cycle by binding to the cell surface and thereby blocking virus attachment to host cells. Considering good solubility in aqueous media, low toxicity, and high selectivity index (SI) of the PAMPS-b-PAaU copolymers, they can be considered promising agents against ZIKV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Botwina
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Obłoza
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (M.O.); (M.Z.-P.); (K.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Maria Zatorska-Płachta
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (M.O.); (M.Z.-P.); (K.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Kamil Kamiński
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (M.O.); (M.Z.-P.); (K.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Masanobu Mizusaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji 671-2280, Japan; (M.M.); (S.-I.Y.)
| | - Shin-Ichi Yusa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji 671-2280, Japan; (M.M.); (S.-I.Y.)
| | - Krzysztof Szczubiałka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (M.O.); (M.Z.-P.); (K.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Krzysztof Pyrc
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Nowakowska
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (M.O.); (M.Z.-P.); (K.K.); (K.S.)
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26
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Bernardo-Menezes LC, Agrelli A, Oliveira ASLED, Moura RRD, Crovella S, Brandão LAC. An overview of Zika virus genotypes and their infectivity. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2022; 55:e02632022. [PMID: 36197380 PMCID: PMC9536801 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0263-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA arbovirus belonging to the
genus Flavivirus. It was first isolated from a sentinel monkey
in Uganda in 1947. More recently, ZIKV has undergone rapid geographic expansion
and has been responsible for outbreaks in Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands,
and America. In this review, we have highlighted the influence of viral genetic
variants on ZIKV pathogenesis. Two major ZIKV genotypes (African and Asian) have
been identified. The Asian genotype is subdivided into Southwest Asia, Pacific
Island, and American strains, and is responsible for most outbreaks.
Non-synonymous mutations in ZIKV proteins C, prM, E, NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, and
NS4B were found to have a higher prevalence and association with virulent
strains of the Asian genotype. Consequently, the Asian genotype appears to have
acquired higher cellular permissiveness, tissue persistence, and viral tropism
in human neural cells. Therefore, mutations in specific coding regions of the
Asian genotype may enhance ZIKV infectivity. Considering that mutations in the
genomes of emerging viruses may lead to new virulent variants in humans, there
is a potential for the re-emergence of new ZIKV cases in the future.
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Wang S, Xu X, Sun C, Zhang J, He X, Zhang Z, Huang H, Yan J, Jin W, Mao G. Sulphated glucuronomannan tetramer and hexamer from Sargassum thunbergii exhibit anti-human cytomegalovirus activity by blocking viral entry. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 273:118510. [PMID: 34560939 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) remains a major public health burden worldwide. The anti-HCMV activity of glucuronomannan oligosaccharides (Gs) and sulphated glucuronomannan oligosaccharides (SGs) was investigated. Among these Gs and SGs, G4S1 and G6S1 (higher sulphated glucuronomannan tetramer and hexamer) showed satisfactory anti-HCMV activity starting at 50 μg/mL and 10 μg/mL, respectively. The results of the morphology, western blotting, qPCR and TCID50 assay showed that they prevented lytic cytopathic changes, inhibited the expression of IE1/2 and UL44, and reduced the UL123 copy number and virus titre significantly. It was interesting to note that degree of sulphation and polymerization was more important for anti-HCMV activity. Moreover, the anti-HCMV activities of G4S1 and G6S1 were stable when stored at 4 °C, -20 °C, and -80 °C for at least three months and mainly occurred in the early stage of HCMV infection through the negative charge of the sulphate groups and the interaction between SGs and the host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanying Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310030, PR China
| | - Xiaogang Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310030, PR China
| | - Chuan Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310030, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310030, PR China
| | - Xinyue He
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Zhongshan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Hong Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310030, PR China
| | - Jing Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310030, PR China.
| | - Weihua Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
| | - Genxiang Mao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics & Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310030, PR China.
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28
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Bauer S, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ. Implications of Glycosaminoglycans on Viral Zoonotic Diseases. Diseases 2021; 9:85. [PMID: 34842642 PMCID: PMC8628766 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9040085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic diseases are infectious diseases that pass from animals to humans. These include diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites and can be transmitted through close contact or through an intermediate insect vector. Many of the world's most problematic zoonotic diseases are viral diseases originating from animal spillovers. The Spanish influenza pandemic, Ebola outbreaks in Africa, and the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic are thought to have started with humans interacting closely with infected animals. As the human population grows and encroaches on more and more natural habitats, these incidents will only increase in frequency. Because of this trend, new treatments and prevention strategies are being explored. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are complex linear polysaccharides that are ubiquitously present on the surfaces of most human and animal cells. In many infectious diseases, the interactions between GAGs and zoonotic pathogens correspond to the first contact that results in the infection of host cells. In recent years, researchers have made progress in understanding the extraordinary roles of GAGs in the pathogenesis of zoonotic diseases, suggesting potential therapeutic avenues for using GAGs in the treatment of these diseases. This review examines the role of GAGs in the progression, prevention, and treatment of different zoonotic diseases caused by viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bauer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA;
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA;
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA;
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Departments of Biological Science, Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
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29
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Neupane B, Fendereski M, Nazneen F, Guo YL, Bai F. Murine Trophoblast Stem Cells and Their Differentiated Cells Attenuate Zika Virus In Vitro by Reducing Glycosylation of the Viral Envelope Protein. Cells 2021; 10:3085. [PMID: 34831310 PMCID: PMC8619372 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy can cause devastating fetal neuropathological abnormalities, including microcephaly. Most studies of ZIKV infection in pregnancy have focused on post-implantation stage embryos. Currently, we have limited knowledge about how a pre-implantation stage embryo deals with a viral infection. This study investigates ZIKV infection on mouse trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) and their in vitro differentiated TSCs (DTSCs), which resemble the cellular components of the trophectoderm layer of the blastocyst that later develops into the placenta. We demonstrate that TSCs and DTSCs are permissive to ZIKV infection; however, ZIKV propagated in TSCs and DTSCs exhibit substantially lower infectivity, as shown in vitro and in a mouse model compared to ZIKV that was generated in Vero cells or mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). We further show that the low infectivity of ZIKV propagated in TSCs and DTSCs is associated with a reduced level of glycosylation on the viral envelope (E) proteins, which are essential for ZIKV to establish initial attachment by binding to cell surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The decreased level of glycosylation on ZIKV E is, at least, partially due to the low-level expression of a glycosylation-related gene, Hexa, in TSCs and DTSCs. Furthermore, this finding is not limited to ZIKV since similar observations have been made as to the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and West Nile virus (WNV) propagated in TSCs and DTSCs. In conclusion, our results reveal a novel phenomenon suggesting that murine TSCs and their differentiated cells may have adapted a cellular glycosylation system that can limit viral infectivity by altering the glycosylation of viral envelope proteins, therefore serving as a unique, innate anti-viral mechanism in the pre-implantation stage embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fengwei Bai
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA; (B.N.); (M.F.); (F.N.); (Y.-L.G.)
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30
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Zoladek J, Legros V, Jeannin P, Chazal M, Pardigon N, Ceccaldi PE, Gessain A, Jouvenet N, Afonso PV. Zika Virus Requires the Expression of Claudin-7 for Optimal Replication in Human Endothelial Cells. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:746589. [PMID: 34616388 PMCID: PMC8488266 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.746589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has been associated with a series of neurological pathologies. In patients with ZIKV-induced neurological disorders, the virus is detectable in the central nervous system. Thus, ZIKV is capable of neuroinvasion, presumably through infection of the endothelial cells that constitute the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We demonstrate that susceptibility of BBB endothelial cells to ZIKV infection is modulated by the expression of tight-junction protein claudin-7 (CLDN7). Downregulation of CLDN7 reduced viral RNA yield, viral protein production, and release of infectious viral particles in several endothelial cell types, but not in epithelial cells, indicating that CLDN7 implication in viral infection is cell-type specific. The proviral activity of CLDN7 in endothelial cells is ZIKV-specific since related flaviviruses were not affected by CLDN7 downregulation. Together, our data suggest that CLDN7 facilitates ZIKV infection in endothelial cells at a post-internalization stage and prior to RNA production. Our work contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms exploited by ZIKV to efficiently infect and replicate in endothelial cells and thus of its ability to cross the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Zoladek
- Unité Épidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Legros
- Unité Épidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,VetAgro Sup, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Lyon, France
| | - Patricia Jeannin
- Unité Épidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Chazal
- Unité Signalisation Antivirale, Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Pardigon
- Groupe Arbovirus, Unité Environnement et Risques Infectieux, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Ceccaldi
- Unité Épidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Gessain
- Unité Épidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nolwenn Jouvenet
- Unité Signalisation Antivirale, Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Philippe V Afonso
- Unité Épidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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31
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Thakur K, Shlain MA, Marianski M, Braunschweig AB. Regiochemical Effects on the Carbohydrate Binding and Selectivity of Flexible Synthetic Carbohydrate Receptors with Indole and Quinoline Heterocyclic Groups. European J Org Chem 2021; 2021:5262-5274. [PMID: 35694139 PMCID: PMC9186342 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic carbohydrate receptors (SCRs) that bind cell-surface carbohydrates could be used for disease detection, drug-delivery, and therapeutics, or for the site-selective modification of complex carbohydrates but their potential has not been realized because of remaining challenges associated with binding affinity and substrate selectivity. We have reported recently a series of flexible SCRs based upon a biaryl core with four pendant heterocyclic groups that bind glycans selectively through noncovalent interactions. Here we continue to explore the role of heterocycles on substrate selectivity by expanding our library to include a series of indole and quinoline heterocycles that vary in their regiochemistry of attachment to the biaryl core. The binding of these SCRs to a series of biologically-relevant carbohydrates was studied by 1H NMR titrations in CD2Cl2 and density-functional theory calculations. We find SCR030, SCR034 and SCR037 are selective, SCR031, SCR032, and SCR039 are strong binders, and SCR033, SCR035, SCR036, and SCR038 are promiscuous and bind weakly. Computational analysis reveals the importance of C-H⋯π and H-bonding interactions in defining the binding properties of these new receptors. By combining these data with those obtained from our previous studies on this class of flexible SCRs, we develop a series of design rules that account for the binding of all SCRs of this class and anticipate the binding of future, not-yet imagined tetrapodal SCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushabu Thakur
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at The Graduate Center of the City University of New York 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031 (USA)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College 695 Park Ave, New York, NY 10065 (USA)
| | - Milan A Shlain
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at The Graduate Center of the City University of New York 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031 (USA)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College 695 Park Ave, New York, NY 10065 (USA)
| | - Mateusz Marianski
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at The Graduate Center of the City University of New York 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031 (USA)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College 695 Park Ave, New York, NY 10065 (USA)
- The PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5 Ave, New York, NY 10016 (USA)
- The PhD Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5 Ave, New York, NY 10016 (USA)
| | - Adam B Braunschweig
- Nanoscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center at The Graduate Center of the City University of New York 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031 (USA)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College 695 Park Ave, New York, NY 10065 (USA)
- The PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5 Ave, New York, NY 10016 (USA)
- The PhD Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5 Ave, New York, NY 10016 (USA)
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32
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Potential Antiviral Properties of Industrially Important Marine Algal Polysaccharides and Their Significance in Fighting a Future Viral Pandemic. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091817. [PMID: 34578399 PMCID: PMC8473461 DOI: 10.3390/v13091817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the decades, the world has witnessed diverse virus associated pandemics. The significant inhibitory effects of marine sulfated polysaccharides against SARS-CoV-2 shows its therapeutic potential in future biomedical applications and drug development. Algal polysaccharides exhibited significant role in antimicrobial, antitumor, antioxidative, antiviral, anticoagulant, antihepatotoxic and immunomodulating activities. Owing to their health benefits, the sulfated polysaccharides from marine algae are a great deal of interest globally. Algal polysaccharides such as agar, alginate, carrageenans, porphyran, fucoidan, laminaran and ulvans are investigated for their nutraceutical potential at different stages of infection processes, structural diversity, complexity and mechanism of action. In this review, we focus on the recent antiviral studies of the marine algae-based polysaccharides and their potential towards antiviral medicines.
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33
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Hao W, Ma B, Li Z, Wang X, Gao X, Li Y, Qin B, Shang S, Cui S, Tan Z. Binding of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to glycans. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:1205-1214. [PMID: 33495714 PMCID: PMC7816574 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The pandemic of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a high number of deaths in the world. To combat it, it is necessary to develop a better understanding of how the virus infects host cells. Infection normally starts with the attachment of the virus to cell-surface glycans like heparan sulfate (HS) and sialic acid-containing glycolipids/glycoproteins. In this study, we examined and compared the binding of the subunits and spike (S) proteins of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and Middle East respiratory disease (MERS)-CoV to these glycans. Our results revealed that the S proteins and subunits can bind to HS in a sulfation-dependent manner and no binding with sialic acid residues was detected. Overall, this work suggests that HS binding may be a general mechanism for the attachment of these coronaviruses to host cells, and supports the potential importance of HS in infection and in the development of antiviral agents against these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Bo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ziheng Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaopan Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yaohao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder CO 80303, USA
| | - Bo Qin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Shiying Shang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sheng Cui
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhongping Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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34
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Cordero-Rivera CD, De Jesús-González LA, Osuna-Ramos JF, Palacios-Rápalo SN, Farfan-Morales CN, Reyes-Ruiz JM, Del Ángel RM. The importance of viral and cellular factors on flavivirus entry. Curr Opin Virol 2021; 49:164-175. [PMID: 34171540 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The flavivirus are emerging and re-emerging arthropod-borne pathogens responsible for significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. The genus comprises more than 70 viruses, and despite genomic and structural similarities, infections by different flaviviruses result in different clinical presentations. In the absence of a safe and effective vaccine against these infections, the search for new strategies to inhibit viral infection is necessary. The life cycle of arboviruses begins with the entry process composed of multiple steps: attachment, internalization, endosomal escape and capsid uncoating. This mini-review describes factors and mechanisms involved in the viral entry as events required to take over the cellular machinery and host factors and cellular pathways commonly used by flaviviruses as possible approaches for developing broad-spectrum antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Daniel Cordero-Rivera
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Intituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México 07320, Mexico
| | - Luis Adrián De Jesús-González
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Intituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México 07320, Mexico
| | - Juan Fidel Osuna-Ramos
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Intituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México 07320, Mexico
| | - Selvin Noé Palacios-Rápalo
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Intituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México 07320, Mexico
| | - Carlos Noe Farfan-Morales
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Intituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México 07320, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Reyes-Ruiz
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Intituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México 07320, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Del Ángel
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Intituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México 07320, Mexico.
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35
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Varese A, Dantas E, Paletta A, Fitzgerald W, Di Diego García F, Cabrerizo G, Erra Diaz F, Defelipe LA, Pallares H, Dodes Traian M, Gamarnik A, Geffner J, Remes Lenicov F, Margolis L, Ceballos A. Extracellular acidosis enhances Zika virus infection both in human cells and ex-vivo tissue cultures from female reproductive tract. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:1169-1179. [PMID: 34013833 PMCID: PMC8205022 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1932606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes, but unlike other flaviviruses, ZIKV can be sexually transmitted by vaginal intercourse. The healthy vaginal pH ranges from 4.0 to 6.0, reaching values of 6.0-7.0 after semen deposition. Here, we report that low extracellular pH values (range 6.2-6.6) dramatically increase ZIKV infection on cell lines of different origin including some derived from the female genital tract and monocyte-derived macrophages. Furthermore, low pH significantly increased ZIKV infection of human ectocervix and endocervix cultured ex-vivo. Enhancement of infection by low pH was also observed using different ZIKV strains and distinct methods to evaluate viral infection, i.e. plaque assays, RT-PCR, flow cytometry, and fluorescence microscopy. Analysis of the mechanisms involved revealed that the enhancement of ZIKV infection induced by low pH was associated with increased binding of the viral particles to the heparan sulphate expressed on the target cell surface. Acidosis represents a critical but generally overlooked feature of the female genital tract, with major implications for sexual transmission diseases. Our results suggest that low vaginal pH might promote male-to-female transmission of ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Varese
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Dantas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Paletta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - W Fitzgerald
- Section on Intercellular Interaction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - F Di Diego García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Cabrerizo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Erra Diaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L A Defelipe
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H Pallares
- Fundación Instituto Leloir-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Dodes Traian
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Gamarnik
- Fundación Instituto Leloir-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Geffner
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Remes Lenicov
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Margolis
- Section on Intercellular Interaction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A Ceballos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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36
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Hoyos P, Perona A, Juanes O, Rumbero Á, Hernáiz MJ. Synthesis of Glycodendrimers with Antiviral and Antibacterial Activity. Chemistry 2021; 27:7593-7624. [PMID: 33533096 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycodendrimers are an important class of synthetic macromolecules that can be used to mimic many structural and functional features of cell-surface glycoconjugates. Their carbohydrate moieties perform key important functions in bacterial and viral infections, often regulated by carbohydrate-protein interactions. Several studies have shown that the molecular structure, valency and spatial organisation of carbohydrate epitopes in glycoconjugates are key factors in the specificity and avidity of carbohydrate-protein interactions. Choosing the right glycodendrimers almost always helps to interfere with such interactions and blocks bacterial or viral adhesion and entry into host cells as an effective strategy to inhibit bacterial or viral infections. Herein, the state of the art in the design and synthesis of glycodendrimers employed for the development of anti-adhesion therapy against bacterial and viral infections is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Hoyos
- Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Perona
- Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Juanes
- Organic Chemistry Department, Autónoma University of Madrid, Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Rumbero
- Organic Chemistry Department, Autónoma University of Madrid, Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Hernáiz
- Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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37
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Zika Virus Pathogenesis: A Battle for Immune Evasion. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9030294. [PMID: 33810028 PMCID: PMC8005041 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and its associated congenital and other neurological disorders, particularly microcephaly and other fetal developmental abnormalities, constitute a World Health Organization (WHO) Zika Virus Research Agenda within the WHO’s R&D Blueprint for Action to Prevent Epidemics, and continue to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) today. ZIKV pathogenicity is initiated by viral infection and propagation across multiple placental and fetal tissue barriers, and is critically strengthened by subverting host immunity. ZIKV immune evasion involves viral non-structural proteins, genomic and non-coding RNA and microRNA (miRNA) to modulate interferon (IFN) signaling and production, interfering with intracellular signal pathways and autophagy, and promoting cellular environment changes together with secretion of cellular components to escape innate and adaptive immunity and further infect privileged immune organs/tissues such as the placenta and eyes. This review includes a description of recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms underlying ZIKV immune modulation and evasion that strongly condition viral pathogenesis, which would certainly contribute to the development of anti-ZIKV strategies, drugs, and vaccines.
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38
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Baytas SN, Varghese SS, Jin W, Yu Y, He P, Douaisi M, Zhang F, Brodfuehrer P, Xia K, Dordick JS, Linhardt RJ. Preparation of Low Molecular Weight Heparin from a Remodeled Bovine Intestinal Heparin. J Med Chem 2021; 64:2242-2253. [PMID: 33586962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Bovine intestinal heparins are structurally distinct from porcine intestinal heparins and exhibit lower specific anticoagulant activity (units/mg). The reduced content of N-sulfo, 3-O-sulfo glucosamine, the central and critical residue in heparin's antithrombin III binding site, is responsible for bovine intestinal heparin's reduced activity. Previous studies demonstrate that treatment of bovine intestinal heparin with 3-O-sulfotransferase in the presence of 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate afforded remodeled bovine heparin with an enhanced activity reaching the United States Pharmacopeia's requirements. Starting from this remodeled bovine intestinal heparin, we report the preparation of a bovine intestinal low molecular weight heparin having the same structural properties and anti-factor IIa and anti-factor Xa activities of Enoxaparin. Moreover, this bovine intestinal heparin-derived "Enoxaparin" showed comparable platelet factor-4 binding affinity, suggesting that it should exhibit similarly low levels of heparin induced thrombocytopeneia, HIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan N Baytas
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States.,Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, 06330, Turkey
| | - Sony S Varghese
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Weihua Jin
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Yanlei Yu
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States.,Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Peng He
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States.,Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Marc Douaisi
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Paul Brodfuehrer
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Ke Xia
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Jonathan S Dordick
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States.,Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
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39
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Wang W, Shi L, Qin Y, Li F. Research and Application of Chondroitin Sulfate/Dermatan Sulfate-Degrading Enzymes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:560442. [PMID: 33425887 PMCID: PMC7793863 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.560442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) are widely distributed on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix in the form of proteoglycan, where they participate in various biological processes. The diverse functions of CS/DS can be mainly attributed to their high structural variability. However, their structural complexity creates a big challenge for structural and functional studies of CS/DS. CS/DS-degrading enzymes with different specific activities are irreplaceable tools that could be used to solve this problem. Depending on the site of action, CS/DS-degrading enzymes can be classified as glycosidic bond-cleaving enzymes and sulfatases from animals and microorganisms. As discussed in this review, a few of the identified enzymes, particularly those from bacteria, have wildly applied to the basic studies and applications of CS/DS, such as disaccharide composition analysis, the preparation of bioactive oligosaccharides, oligosaccharide sequencing, and potential medical application, but these do not fulfill all of the needs in terms of the structural complexity of CS/DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuang Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liran Shi
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Qin
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fuchuan Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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40
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Song Y, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ. Glycosaminoglycans. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1325:103-116. [PMID: 34495531 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-70115-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are important constituents of human glycome. They are negatively charged unbranched polysaccharides that are usually covalently attached to proteins, forming glycan-protein conjugates, called proteoglycans. Glycosaminoglycans play critical roles in numerous biological processes throughout individual development and are also involved in the pathological processes of various diseases. Based on their remarkable bioactivities and their universal involvement in disease progression, GAGs are applied as therapeutics or are being targeted or used in treating diseases. In this chapter, we introduce the characteristics of the four classes of GAGs that constitute the glycosaminoglycan family. The pathological roles of glycosaminoglycans in major diseases including innate disease, infectious disease, and cancer are discussed. The application of GAGs and their mimetics as therapeutics is introduced, as well as those therapeutic methods developed based on GAGs' role in pathogenesis. In addition, we provide a brief and overall lookback at the history of GAG research and sort out some critical techniques that facilitated GAG and glycomics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefan Song
- National R&D Branch Center for Seaweed Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, PR China. .,Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
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41
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Gasco S, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ. A Review on the Current Knowledge on ZIKV Infection and the Interest of Organoids and Nanotechnology on Development of Effective Therapies against Zika Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010035. [PMID: 33375140 PMCID: PMC7792973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) acquired a special relevance due to the pandemic that occurred in the Americas in 2015, when an important number of fetal microcephaly cases occurred. Since then, numerous studies have tried to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms and the potential therapeutic approaches to combat the virus. Cellular and animal models have proved to be a basic resource for this research, with the more recent addition of organoids as a more realistic and physiological 3D culture for the study of ZIKV. Nanotechnology can also offer a promising therapeutic tool, as the nanoparticles developed by this field can penetrate cells and deliver a wide array of drugs in a very specific and controlled way inside the cells. These two state-of-the-art scientific tools clearly provide a very relevant resource for the study of ZIKV, and will help researchers find an effective treatment or vaccine against the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Gasco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28001 Madrid, Spain;
- Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular (HGUGM), 28001 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28001 Madrid, Spain;
- Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular (HGUGM), 28001 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish HIV-HGM BioBank, 28001 Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28001 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +34-91-462-4684
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42
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Antibody-independent and dependent infection of human myeloid cells with dengue virus is inhibited by carrageenan. Virus Res 2020; 290:198150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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43
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Chikungunya Virus Strains from Each Genetic Clade Bind Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans as Attachment Factors. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01500-20. [PMID: 32999033 PMCID: PMC7925169 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01500-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alphavirus infections are a global health threat, contributing to outbreaks of disease in many parts of the world. Recent epidemics caused by CHIKV, an arthritogenic alphavirus, resulted in more than 8.5 million cases as the virus has spread into new geographic regions, including the Western Hemisphere. CHIKV causes disease in the majority of people infected, leading to severe and debilitating arthritis. Despite the severity of CHIKV disease, there are no licensed therapeutics. Since attachment factors and receptors are determinants of viral tropism and pathogenesis, understanding these virus-host interactions can enhance our knowledge of CHIKV infection. We analyzed over 670 glycans and identified GAGs as the main glycan bound by CHIKV. We defined specific GAG components required for CHIKV binding and assessed strain-specific differences in GAG binding capacity. These studies provide insight about cell surface molecules that CHIKV binds, which could facilitate the development of antiviral therapeutics targeting the CHIKV attachment step. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthritogenic alphavirus that causes debilitating musculoskeletal disease. CHIKV displays broad cell, tissue, and species tropism, which may correlate with the attachment factors and entry receptors used by the virus. Cell surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have been identified as CHIKV attachment factors. However, the specific types of GAGs and potentially other glycans to which CHIKV binds and whether there are strain-specific differences in GAG binding are not fully understood. To identify the types of glycans bound by CHIKV, we conducted glycan microarray analyses and discovered that CHIKV preferentially binds GAGs. Microarray results also indicate that sulfate groups on GAGs are essential for CHIKV binding and that CHIKV binds most strongly to longer GAG chains of heparin and heparan sulfate. To determine whether GAG binding capacity varies among CHIKV strains, a representative strain from each genetic clade was tested. While all strains directly bound to heparin and chondroitin sulfate in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and depended on heparan sulfate for efficient cell binding and infection, we observed some variation by strain. Enzymatic removal of cell surface GAGs and genetic ablation that diminishes GAG expression reduced CHIKV binding and infectivity of all strains. Collectively, these data demonstrate that GAGs are the preferred glycan bound by CHIKV, enhance our understanding of the specific GAG moieties required for CHIKV binding, define strain differences in GAG engagement, and provide further evidence for a critical function of GAGs in CHIKV cell attachment and infection. IMPORTANCE Alphavirus infections are a global health threat, contributing to outbreaks of disease in many parts of the world. Recent epidemics caused by CHIKV, an arthritogenic alphavirus, resulted in more than 8.5 million cases as the virus has spread into new geographic regions, including the Western Hemisphere. CHIKV causes disease in the majority of people infected, leading to severe and debilitating arthritis. Despite the severity of CHIKV disease, there are no licensed therapeutics. Since attachment factors and receptors are determinants of viral tropism and pathogenesis, understanding these virus-host interactions can enhance our knowledge of CHIKV infection. We analyzed over 670 glycans and identified GAGs as the main glycan bound by CHIKV. We defined specific GAG components required for CHIKV binding and assessed strain-specific differences in GAG binding capacity. These studies provide insight about cell surface molecules that CHIKV binds, which could facilitate the development of antiviral therapeutics targeting the CHIKV attachment step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Sharafeldin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Jason J. Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
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45
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Hyatt JG, Prévost S, Devos JM, Mycroft-West CJ, Skidmore MA, Winter A. Molecular Changes in Dengue Envelope Protein Domain III upon Interaction with Glycosaminoglycans. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9110935. [PMID: 33187224 PMCID: PMC7697694 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever is a rapidly emerging vector-borne viral disease with a growing global burden of approximately 390 million new infections per annum. The Dengue virus (DENV) is a flavivirus spread by female mosquitos of the aedes genus, but the mechanism of viral endocytosis is poorly understood at a molecular level, preventing the development of effective transmission blocking vaccines (TBVs). Recently, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have been identified as playing a role during initial viral attachment through interaction with the third domain of the viral envelope protein (EDIII). Here, we report a systematic study investigating the effect of a range of biologically relevant GAGs on the structure and oligomeric state of recombinantly generated EDIII. We provide novel in situ biophysical evidence that heparin and chondroitin sulphate C induce conformational changes in EDIII at the secondary structure level. Furthermore, we report the ability of chondroitin sulphate C to bind EDIII and induce higher-order dynamic molecular changes at the tertiary and quaternary structure levels which are dependent on pH, GAG species, and the GAG sulphation state. Lastly, we conducted ab initio modelling of Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) data to visualise the induced oligomeric state of EDIII caused by interaction with chondroitin sulphate C, which may aid in TBV development.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G. Hyatt
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (J.G.H.); (C.J.M.-W.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Sylvain Prévost
- Large Scale Structures Group, Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France;
| | - Juliette M. Devos
- Life Sciences Group, Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France;
| | - Courtney J. Mycroft-West
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (J.G.H.); (C.J.M.-W.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Mark A. Skidmore
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (J.G.H.); (C.J.M.-W.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Anja Winter
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Huxley Building, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (J.G.H.); (C.J.M.-W.); (M.A.S.)
- Life Sciences Group, Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-01782-7-33117
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46
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Qiao M, Lin L, Xia K, Li J, Zhang X, Linhardt RJ. Recent advances in biotechnology for heparin and heparan sulfate analysis. Talanta 2020; 219:121270. [PMID: 32887160 PMCID: PMC7474733 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a class of linear, sulfated, anionic polysaccharides, called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which present on the mammalian cell surfaces and extracellular matrix. HS GAGs display a wide range of critical biological functions, particularly in cell signaling. HS is composed of repeating units of 1 → 4 glucosidically linked uronic acid and glucosamine residues. Heparin, a pharmacologically important version of HS, having higher sulfation and a higher content of iduronic acid than HS, is a widely used clinical anticoagulant. However, due to their heterogeneity and complex structure, HS and heparin are very challenging to analyze, limiting biological studies and even resulting in safety concerns in their therapeutic application. Therefore, reliable methods of structural analysis of HS and heparin are critically needed. In addition to the structural analysis of heparin, its concentration in blood needs to be closely monitored to avoid complications such as thrombocytopenia or hemorrhage caused by heparin overdose. This review summarizes the progress in biotechnological approaches in the structural characterization of HS and heparin over the past decade and includes the development of the ultrasensitive approaches for detection and measurement in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Qiao
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lei Lin
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ke Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Jun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
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47
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Bravo MF, Lema MA, Marianski M, Braunschweig AB. Flexible Synthetic Carbohydrate Receptors as Inhibitors of Viral Attachment. Biochemistry 2020; 60:999-1018. [PMID: 33094998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-receptor interactions are often involved in the docking of viruses to host cells, and this docking is a necessary step in the virus life cycle that precedes infection and, ultimately, replication. Despite the conserved structures of the glycans involved in docking, they are still considered "undruggable", meaning these glycans are beyond the scope of conventional pharmacological strategies. Recent advances in the development of synthetic carbohydrate receptors (SCRs), small molecules that bind carbohydrates, could bring carbohydrate-receptor interactions within the purview of druggable targets. Here we discuss the role of carbohydrate-receptor interactions in viral infection, the evolution of SCRs, and recent results demonstrating their ability to prevent viral infections in vitro. Common SCR design strategies based on boronic ester formation, metal chelation, and noncovalent interactions are discussed. The benefits of incorporating the idiosyncrasies of natural glycan-binding proteins-including flexibility, cooperativity, and multivalency-into SCR design to achieve nonglucosidic specificity are shown. These studies into SCR design and binding could lead to new strategies for mitigating the grave threat to human health posed by enveloped viruses, which are heavily glycosylated viroids that are the cause of some of the most pressing and untreatable diseases, including HIV, Dengue, Zika, influenza, and SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fernando Bravo
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, New York, New York 10065, United States.,The PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Manuel A Lema
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Mateusz Marianski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, New York, New York 10065, United States.,The PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States.,The PhD Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Adam B Braunschweig
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, New York, New York 10065, United States.,The PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States.,The PhD Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
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48
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Francese R, Civra A, Donalisio M, Volpi N, Capitani F, Sottemano S, Tonetto P, Coscia A, Maiocco G, Moro GE, Bertino E, Lembo D. Anti-Zika virus and anti-Usutu virus activity of human milk and its components. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008713. [PMID: 33027261 PMCID: PMC7571670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The benefits of human milk are mediated by multiple nutritional, trophic, and immunological components, able to promote infant's growth, maturation of its immature gut, and to confer protection against infections. Despite these widely recognized properties, breast-feeding represents an important mother-to-child transmission route of some viral infections. Different studies show that some flaviviruses can occasionally be detected in breast milk, but their transmission to the newborn is still controversial. The aim of this study is to investigate the antiviral activity of human milk (HM) in its different stages of maturation against two emerging flaviviruses, namely Zika virus (ZIKV) and Usutu virus (USUV) and to verify whether HM-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) contribute to the milk protective effect. Colostrum, transitional and mature milk samples were collected from 39 healthy donors. The aqueous fractions were tested in vitro with specific antiviral assays and EVs and GAGs were derived and characterized. HM showed antiviral activity against ZIKV and USUV at all the stages of lactation with no significant differences in the activity of colostrum, transitional or mature milk. Mechanism of action studies demonstrated that colostrum does not inactivate viral particles, but it hampers the binding of both flaviviruses to cells. We also demonstrated that HM-EVs and HM-GAGs contribute, at least in part, to the anti-ZIKV and anti-USUV action of HM. This study discloses the intrinsic antiviral activity of HM against ZIKV and USUV and demonstrates the contribution of two bioactive components in mediating its protective effect. Since the potential infectivity of HM during ZIKV and USUV infection is still unclear, these data support the World Health Organization recommendations about breast-feeding during ZIKV infection and could contribute to producing new guidelines for a possible USUV epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Francese
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Andrea Civra
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Nicola Volpi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Capitani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefano Sottemano
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Tonetto
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Coscia
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Maiocco
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Guido E. Moro
- Italian Association of Human Milk Banks (AIBLUD), Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertino
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - David Lembo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
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49
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Tavassoly O, Safavi F, Tavassoly I. Heparin-binding Peptides as Novel Therapies to Stop SARS-CoV-2 Cellular Entry and Infection. Mol Pharmacol 2020; 98:612-619. [PMID: 32913137 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.120.000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are cell surface receptors that are involved in the cellular uptake of pathologic amyloid proteins and viruses, including the novel coronavirus; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Heparin and heparan sulfate antagonize the binding of these pathogens to HSPGs and stop their cellular internalization, but the anticoagulant effect of these agents has been limiting their use in the treatment of viral infections. Heparin-binding peptides (HBPs) are suitable nonanticoagulant agents that are capable of antagonizing binding of heparin-binding pathogens to HSPGs. Here, we review and discuss the use of HBPs as viral uptake inhibitors and will address their benefits and limitations to treat viral infections. Furthermore, we will discuss a variant of these peptides that is in the clinic and can be considered as a novel therapy in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The need to discover treatment modalities for COVID-19 is a necessity, and therapeutic interventions such as heparin-binding peptides (HBPs), which are used for other cases, can be beneficial based on their mechanisms of actions. In this paper, we have discussed the application of HBPs as viral uptake inhibitors in COVID-19 and explained possible mechanisms of actions and the therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Tavassoly
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (O.T.); Neuroimmunology and Neurovirology Branch, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.S.); and Mount Sinai Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (I.T.)
| | - Farinaz Safavi
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (O.T.); Neuroimmunology and Neurovirology Branch, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.S.); and Mount Sinai Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (I.T.)
| | - Iman Tavassoly
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada (O.T.); Neuroimmunology and Neurovirology Branch, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.S.); and Mount Sinai Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (I.T.)
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50
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Bravo MF, Palanichamy K, Shlain MA, Schiro F, Naeem Y, Marianski M, Braunschweig AB. Synthesis and Binding of Mannose‐Specific Synthetic Carbohydrate Receptors. Chemistry 2020; 26:11782-11795. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Fernando Bravo
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center City University of New York 85 St Nicholas Terrace New York NY 10031 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Hunter College 695 Park Ave New York NY 10065 USA
- The PhD Program in Chemistry The Graduate Center of the, City University of New York 365 5th Ave New York NY 10016 USA
| | - Kalanidhi Palanichamy
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center City University of New York 85 St Nicholas Terrace New York NY 10031 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Hunter College 695 Park Ave New York NY 10065 USA
| | - Milan A. Shlain
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center City University of New York 85 St Nicholas Terrace New York NY 10031 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Hunter College 695 Park Ave New York NY 10065 USA
| | - Frank Schiro
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center City University of New York 85 St Nicholas Terrace New York NY 10031 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Hunter College 695 Park Ave New York NY 10065 USA
| | - Yasir Naeem
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center City University of New York 85 St Nicholas Terrace New York NY 10031 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Hunter College 695 Park Ave New York NY 10065 USA
| | - Mateusz Marianski
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center City University of New York 85 St Nicholas Terrace New York NY 10031 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Hunter College 695 Park Ave New York NY 10065 USA
- The PhD Program in Chemistry The Graduate Center of the, City University of New York 365 5th Ave New York NY 10016 USA
- The PhD Program in Biochemistry The Graduate Center of the, City University of New York 365 5th Ave New York NY 10016 USA
| | - Adam B. Braunschweig
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center City University of New York 85 St Nicholas Terrace New York NY 10031 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Hunter College 695 Park Ave New York NY 10065 USA
- The PhD Program in Chemistry The Graduate Center of the, City University of New York 365 5th Ave New York NY 10016 USA
- The PhD Program in Biochemistry The Graduate Center of the, City University of New York 365 5th Ave New York NY 10016 USA
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