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Teglas T, Marcos AC, Torices S, Toborek M. Circadian control of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-induced dysregulation of endothelial tight junctions and mitochondrial bioenergetics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 952:175886. [PMID: 39218115 PMCID: PMC11444715 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The study evaluates the impact of environmental toxicants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), on circadian regulations and functions of brain endothelial cells, which form the main structural element of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). PAH are lipophilic and highly toxic environmental pollutants that accumulate in human and animal tissues. Environmental factors related to climate change, such as an increase in frequency and intensity of wildfires or enhanced strength of hurricanes or tropical cyclones, may lead to redistribution of these toxicants and enhanced human exposure. These natural disasters are also associated with disruption of circadian rhythms in affected populations, linking increased exposure to environmental toxicants to alterations of circadian rhythm pathways. Several vital physiological processes are coordinated by circadian rhythms, and disruption of the circadian clock can contribute to the development of several diseases. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is crucial for protecting the brain from blood-borne harmful substances, and its integrity is influenced by circadian rhythms. Exposure of brain endothelial cells to a human and environmentally-relevant PAH mixture resulted in dose-dependent alterations of expression of critical circadian modulators, such as Clock, Bmal1, Cry1/2, and Per1/2. Moreover, silencing of the circadian Clock gene potentiated the impact of PAHs on the expression of the main tight junction genes and proteins (namely, claudin-5, occludin, JAM-2, and ZO-2), as well as mitochondrial bioenergetics. Findings from this study contribute to a better understanding of pathological influence of PAH-induced health effects, especially those related to circadian rhythm disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timea Teglas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Anne Caroline Marcos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Silvia Torices
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Michal Toborek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland.
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2
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Tsiodra I, Grivas G, Bougiatioti A, Tavernaraki K, Parinos C, Paraskevopoulou D, Papoutsidaki K, Tsagkaraki M, Kozonaki FA, Oikonomou K, Nenes A, Mihalopoulos N. Source apportionment of particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs), and their associated long-term health risks in a major European city. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175416. [PMID: 39142411 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Many studies have drawn attention to the associations of oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) with harmful health effects, advocating for their systematic monitoring alongside simple PAHs to better understand the aerosol carcinogenic potential in urban areas. To address this need, this study conducted an extensive PM2.5 sampling campaign in Athens, Greece, at the Thissio Supersite of the National Observatory of Athens, from December 2018 to July 2021, aiming to characterize the levels and variability of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), perform source apportionment, and assess health risk. Cumulative OPAH concentrations (Σ-OPAHs) were in the same range as Σ-PAHs (annual average 4.2 and 5.6 ng m-3, respectively). They exhibited a common seasonal profile with enhanced levels during the heating seasons, primarily attributed to residential wood burning (RWB). The episodic impact of biomass burning was also observed during a peri-urban wildfire event in May 2021, when PAH and OPAH concentrations increased by a factor of three compared to the monthly average. The study period also included the winter 2020-2021 COVID-19 lockdown, during which PAH and OPAH levels decreased by >50 % compared to past winters. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) source apportionment, based on a carbonaceous aerosol speciation dataset, identified PAC sources related to RWB, local traffic (gasoline vehicles) and urban traffic (including diesel emissions), as well as an impact of regional organic aerosol. Despite its seasonal character, RWB accounted for nearly half of Σ-PAH and over two-thirds of Σ-OPAH concentrations. Using the estimated source profiles and contributions, the source-specific carcinogenic potency of the studied PACs was calculated, revealing that almost 50 % was related to RWB. These findings underscore the urgent need to regulate domestic biomass burning at a European level, which can provide concrete benefits for improving urban air quality, towards the new stricter EU standards, and reducing long-term health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irini Tsiodra
- Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Lofos Koufou, P. Penteli, Athens, 15236, Greece; Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Greece; Center for the Study of Air Quality and Climate Change, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Patras, GR-26504, Greece
| | - Georgios Grivas
- Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Lofos Koufou, P. Penteli, Athens, 15236, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Bougiatioti
- Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Lofos Koufou, P. Penteli, Athens, 15236, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Tavernaraki
- Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Lofos Koufou, P. Penteli, Athens, 15236, Greece; Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Greece
| | - Constantine Parinos
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, 190 13 Anavyssos, Attiki, Greece
| | - Despina Paraskevopoulou
- Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Lofos Koufou, P. Penteli, Athens, 15236, Greece; Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Papoutsidaki
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Greece
| | - Maria Tsagkaraki
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Greece
| | - Faidra-Aikaterini Kozonaki
- Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Lofos Koufou, P. Penteli, Athens, 15236, Greece; Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Greece
| | | | - Athanasios Nenes
- Center for the Study of Air Quality and Climate Change, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Patras, GR-26504, Greece; Laboratory of Atmospheric Processes and their Impacts, School of Architecture, Civil & Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland.
| | - Nikolaos Mihalopoulos
- Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Lofos Koufou, P. Penteli, Athens, 15236, Greece; Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Greece.
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3
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Chen W, Cheng Y, Zhang H, Farooq U, Ni J, Chen H, Si Y, Qi Z. Molecular insight into biomass-burning smoke water-soluble organic matter binding with Cd(II): Comprehensive analysis from fluorescence EEM-PARAFAC, FT-ICR-MS and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 479:135754. [PMID: 39243541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
The deposition of biomass-burning smoke water-soluble organic matter (BBS-WSOM) significantly affects the environmental behavior of heavy metals in aqueous environments. However, the interactions between BBS-WSOM and heavy metals at the molecular level remain unknown. This study combined FT-ICR-MS, fluorescence spectrum, FTIR, and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy to anatomize the molecular characteristics of BBS-WSOM binding with Cd(II). The results show that CHO and CHOP compounds were responsible for the fluorescence response of BBS-WSOM at Ex: 225 nm and 275 nm/Em: 325 nm, and abundant proteins or CHON compounds were responsible for the fluorescence response of BBS-WSOM at Ex: 225-250 nm/Em: 350-450 nm and Ex: 300-350 nm/Em: 350-450 nm, which was very different from the fluorescence molecules in natural organic matters. Fluorescence change after Cd(II) addition indicated that CHOP and CHOS compounds enhanced BBS-WSOM binding with Cd(II). Differently, the CHON compounds could weaken the binding of other compounds with Cd(II). Different compounds binding with Cd(II) generally followed the order: CHON/CHOS compounds>CHOP compounds>CHO compounds, and the chemical groups binding with Cd(II) generally followed the prioritization: -COO-> -NH/SO>P = O/P-O>aromatic ring>CO>C-OH of phenol/alcohol>C-O-C. This study provides a profound insight into the interaction between BBS-WSOM and Cd(II) at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Chen
- Institute of Geography, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Yue Cheng
- Institute of Geography, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Huiying Zhang
- Institute of Geography, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Usman Farooq
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jinzhi Ni
- Institute of Geography, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Institute of Geography, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China.
| | - Youtao Si
- Institute of Geography, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Zhichong Qi
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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Rude CI, Wilson LB, La Du J, Lalli PM, Colby SM, Schultz KJ, Smith JN, Waters KM, Tanguay RL. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent toxicity by retene requires metabolic competence. Toxicol Sci 2024; 202:50-68. [PMID: 39107868 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of organic compounds frequently detected in the environment with widely varying toxicities. Many PAHs activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), inducing the expression of a battery of genes, including xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes like cytochrome P450s (CYPs); however, not all PAHs act via this mechanism. We screened several parent and substituted PAHs in in vitro AHR activation assays to classify their unique activity. Retene (1-methyl-7-isopropylphenanthrene) displays Ahr2-dependent teratogenicity in zebrafish, but did not activate human AHR or zebrafish Ahr2, suggesting a retene metabolite activates Ahr2 in zebrafish to induce developmental toxicity. To investigate the role of metabolism in retene toxicity, studies were performed to determine the functional role of cyp1a, cyp1b1, and the microbiome in retene toxicity, identify the zebrafish window of susceptibility, and measure retene uptake, loss, and metabolite formation in vivo. Cyp1a-null fish were generated using CRISPR-Cas9. Cyp1a-null fish showed increased sensitivity to retene toxicity, whereas Cyp1b1-null fish were less susceptible, and microbiome elimination had no significant effect. Zebrafish required exposure to retene between 24 and 48 hours post fertilization (hpf) to exhibit toxicity. After static exposure, retene concentrations in zebrafish embryos increased until 24 hpf, peaked between 24 and 36 hpf, and decreased rapidly thereafter. We detected retene metabolites at 36 and 48 hpf, indicating metabolic onset preceding toxicity. This study highlights the value of combining molecular and systems biology approaches with mechanistic and predictive toxicology to interrogate the role of biotransformation in AHR-dependent toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian I Rude
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333, United States
| | - Lindsay B Wilson
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333, United States
| | - Jane La Du
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333, United States
| | - Priscila M Lalli
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Sean M Colby
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Katherine J Schultz
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Jordan N Smith
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333, United States
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Katrina M Waters
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333, United States
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Robyn L Tanguay
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333, United States
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5
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Teixeira J, Delerue-Matos C, Morais S, Oliveira M. Environmental contamination with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and contribution from biomonitoring studies to the surveillance of global health. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:54339-54362. [PMID: 39207613 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34727-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
This work presents an integrated overview of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons' (PAHs) ubiquity comprising environmental contamination in the air, aquatic ecosystems, and soils; characterizes the contamination in biota; and identifies main biomonitors and human exposure to PAHs and associated health risks. Urban centers and industrial areas present increased concentrations in the air (1344.4-12,300 versus 0.03-0.60 ng/m3 in industrial/urban and rural zones) and soils (0.14-1.77 × 106 versus 2.00-9.04 × 103 versus 1.59-5.87 × 103 ng/g in urban, forest, and rural soils), respectively. Increased concentrations were found in coastal zones and superficial waters as well as in sediments (7.00 × 104-1.00 × 109 ng/g). Benzo(a)pyrene, a carcinogenic PAH, was found in all environmental media. Mosses, lichens, tree leaves, bivalves, cephalopods, terrestrials' snails, and honeybees are good biomonitors of biota contamination. More studies are needed to improve characterization of PAHs' levels, distribution, and bioaccumulation in the environmental media and assess the associated risks for biota and human health. Actions and strategies to mitigate and prevent the bioaccumulation of PAHs in the environment and trophic chains toward the WHO's One-Health Perspective to promote the health of all ecosystems and human life are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Teixeira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnique of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnique of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal
| | - Simone Morais
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnique of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnique of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal.
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6
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Rosser F. Outdoor Air Pollution and Pediatric Respiratory Disease. Clin Chest Med 2024; 45:531-541. [PMID: 39069319 PMCID: PMC11286236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2024.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Outdoor air pollution is ubiquitous, and no safe level of exposure has been identified for the most common air pollutants such as ozone and particle pollution. Children are uniquely more susceptible to the harms of outdoor air pollution, which can cause and exacerbate respiratory disease. Although challenging to identify the effects of outdoor air pollution on individual patients, understanding the basics of outdoor air pollution is essential for pediatric respiratory health care providers. This review covers basic information regarding outdoor air pollution, unique considerations for children, mechanisms for increased susceptibility, and association with incident and exacerbation of respiratory disease in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Rosser
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
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Jaikang C, Konguthaithip G, Amornlertwatana Y, Autsavapromporn N, Rattanachitthawat S, Monum T. Alterations in the Blood Kynurenine Pathway Following Long-Term PM2.5 and PM10 Exposure: A Cross-Sectional Study. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1947. [PMID: 39335463 PMCID: PMC11428296 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12091947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Human exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 has been linked to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases through inflammation activation. The kynurenine pathway is associated with inflammation, and it is necessary to investigate the effects of long-term PM2.5 and PM10 exposure on this pathway. This study aimed to conduct a cross-sectional analysis of long-term PM2.5 and PM10 exposure's impact on the kynurenine pathway using proton NMR spectroscopy (1H-NMR). The participants were divided into a low-PM-exposure group (LG; n = 98), and a high-PM-exposure group (HG; n = 92). The metabolites of tryptophan were determined in blood by 1H-NMR. Serotonin, cinnabarinic acid, xanthurenic acid, 5-hydroxytryptophan, indoleacetic acid, tryptamine, melatonin, L-tryptophan, 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophol, indoxyl, 2-aminobenzoic acid, 5-HTOL, hydroxykynurenine, L-3-hydroxykynurenine, N-formyl kynurenine, 3-hydroxy anthranilic acid, kynurenic acid, and picolinic acid significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the HG group. Conversely, NAD and quinolinic acid significantly decreased in the HG group compared to the LG group. The enzyme activities of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and formamidase significantly decreased, while kynureninase and kynurenine monooxygenase significantly increased. The kynurenine pathway is linked to inflammation and non-communicable diseases. Disruption of the kynurenine pathway from particulate matter might promote diseases. Reducing exposure to the particulate matter is crucial for preventing adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Churdsak Jaikang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Metabolomics Research Group for Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Giatgong Konguthaithip
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Metabolomics Research Group for Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Yutti Amornlertwatana
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Metabolomics Research Group for Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Narongchai Autsavapromporn
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Tawachai Monum
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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8
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Gomez HM, Haw TJ, Ilic D, Robinson P, Donovan C, Croft AJ, Vanka KS, Small E, Carroll OR, Kim RY, Mayall JR, Beyene T, Palanisami T, Ngo DTM, Zosky GR, Holliday EG, Jensen ME, McDonald VM, Murphy VE, Gibson PG, Horvat JC. Landscape fire smoke airway exposure impairs respiratory and cardiac function and worsens experimental asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 154:209-221.e6. [PMID: 38513838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Millions of people are exposed to landscape fire smoke (LFS) globally, and inhalation of LFS particulate matter (PM) is associated with poor respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes. However, how LFS affects respiratory and cardiovascular function is less well understood. OBJECTIVE We aimed to characterize the pathophysiologic effects of representative LFS airway exposure on respiratory and cardiac function and on asthma outcomes. METHODS LFS was generated using a customized combustion chamber. In 8-week-old female BALB/c mice, low (25 μg/m3, 24-hour equivalent) or moderate (100 μg/m3, 24-hour equivalent) concentrations of LFS PM (10 μm and below [PM10]) were administered daily for 3 (short-term) and 14 (long-term) days in the presence and absence of experimental asthma. Lung inflammation, gene expression, structural changes, and lung function were assessed. In 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice, low concentrations of LFS PM10 were administered for 3 days. Cardiac function and gene expression were assessed. RESULTS Short- and long-term LFS PM10 airway exposure increased airway hyperresponsiveness and induced steroid insensitivity in experimental asthma, independent of significant changes in airway inflammation. Long-term LFS PM10 airway exposure also decreased gas diffusion. Short-term LFS PM10 airway exposure decreased cardiac function and expression of gene changes relating to oxidative stress and cardiovascular pathologies. CONCLUSIONS We characterized significant detrimental effects of physiologically relevant concentrations and durations of LFS PM10 airway exposure on lung and heart function. Our study provides a platform for assessment of mechanisms that underpin LFS PM10 airway exposure on respiratory and cardiovascular disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry M Gomez
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle and Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Tatt J Haw
- Heart and Stroke Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, Australia; College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, Centre of Excellence Newcastle Cardio-Oncology Research Group, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Dusan Ilic
- Newcastle Institute for Energy and Resources, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Peter Robinson
- Newcastle Institute for Energy and Resources, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Chantal Donovan
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle and Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia; School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amanda J Croft
- Heart and Stroke Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, Australia; College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, Centre of Excellence Newcastle Cardio-Oncology Research Group, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Kanth S Vanka
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle and Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia; Newcastle Institute for Energy and Resources, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Ellen Small
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle and Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Olivia R Carroll
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle and Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Richard Y Kim
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle and Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia; School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jemma R Mayall
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle and Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Tesfalidet Beyene
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle and Asthma and Breathing Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Thava Palanisami
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Doan T M Ngo
- Heart and Stroke Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, Australia; College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, Centre of Excellence Newcastle Cardio-Oncology Research Group, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Graeme R Zosky
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; College of Health and Medicine, Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G Holliday
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Megan E Jensen
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle and Asthma and Breathing Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Vanessa M McDonald
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle and Asthma and Breathing Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Vanessa E Murphy
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle and Asthma and Breathing Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Peter G Gibson
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle and Asthma and Breathing Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle and Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.
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9
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Winker R, Payton A, Brown E, McDermott E, Freedman JH, Lenhardt C, Eaves LA, Fry RC, Rager JE. Wildfires and climate justice: future wildfire events predicted to disproportionally impact socioeconomically vulnerable communities in North Carolina. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1339700. [PMID: 38741908 PMCID: PMC11089107 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1339700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Wildfire events are becoming increasingly common across many areas of the United States, including North Carolina (NC). Wildfires can cause immediate damage to properties, and wildfire smoke conditions can harm the overall health of exposed communities. It is critical to identify communities at increased risk of wildfire events, particularly in areas with that have sociodemographic disparities and low socioeconomic status (SES) that may exacerbate incurred impacts of wildfire events. This study set out to: (1) characterize the distribution of wildfire risk across NC; (2) implement integrative cluster analyses to identify regions that contain communities with increased vulnerability to the impacts of wildfire events due to sociodemographic characteristics; (3) provide summary-level statistics of populations with highest wildfire risk, highlighting SES and housing cost factors; and (4) disseminate wildfire risk information via our online web application, ENVIROSCAN. Wildfire hazard potential (WHP) indices were organized at the census tract-level, and distributions were analyzed for spatial autocorrelation via global and local Moran's tests. Sociodemographic characteristics were analyzed via k-means analysis to identify clusters with distinct SES patterns to characterize regions of similar sociodemographic/socioeconomic disparities. These SES groupings were overlayed with housing and wildfire risk profiles to establish patterns of risk across NC. Resulting geospatial analyses identified areas largely in Southeastern NC with high risk of wildfires that were significantly correlated with neighboring regions with high WHP, highlighting adjacent regions of high risk for future wildfire events. Cluster-based analysis of SES factors resulted in three groups of regions categorized through distinct SES profiling; two of these clusters (Clusters 2 and 3) contained indicators of high SES vulnerability. Cluster 2 contained a higher percentage of younger (<5 years), non-white, Hispanic and/or Latino residents; while Cluster 3 had the highest mean WHP and was characterized by a higher percentage of non-white residents, poverty, and less than a high school education. Counties of particular SES and WHP-combined vulnerability include those with majority non-white residents, tribal communities, and below poverty level households largely located in Southeastern NC. WHP values per census tract were dispersed to the public via the ENVIROSCAN application, alongside other environmentally-relevant data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Winker
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Alexis Payton
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Eric Brown
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Elena McDermott
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jonathan H. Freedman
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Chris Lenhardt
- Renaissance Computing Institute (RENCI), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lauren A. Eaves
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Rebecca C. Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Julia E. Rager
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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10
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Barkoski J, Van Fleet E, Liu A, Ramsey S, Kwok RK, Miller AK. Data Linkages for Wildfire Exposures and Human Health Studies: A Scoping Review. GEOHEALTH 2024; 8:e2023GH000991. [PMID: 38487553 PMCID: PMC10937504 DOI: 10.1029/2023gh000991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Wildfires are increasing in frequency and intensity, with significant consequences that impact human health. A scoping review was conducted to: (a) understand wildfire-related health effects, (b) identify and describe environmental exposure and health outcome data sources used to research the impacts of wildfire exposures on health, and (c) identify gaps and opportunities to leverage exposure and health data to advance research. A literature search was conducted in PubMed and a sample of 83 articles met inclusion criteria. A majority of studies focused on respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes. Hospital administrative data was the most common health data source, followed by government data sources and health surveys. Wildfire smoke, specifically fine particulate matter (PM2.5), was the most common exposure measure and was predominantly estimated from monitoring networks and satellite data. Health data were not available in real-time, and they lacked spatial and temporal coverage to study health outcomes with longer latency periods. Exposure data were often available in real-time and provided better temporal and spatial coverage but did not capture the complex mixture of hazardous wildfire smoke pollutants nor exposures associated with non-air pathways such as soil, household dust, food, and water. This scoping review of the specific health and exposure data sources used to underpin these studies provides a framework for the research community to understand: (a) the use and value of various environmental and health data sources, and (b) the opportunities for improving data collection, integration, and accessibility to help inform our understanding of wildfires and other environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Barkoski
- Social & Scientific Systems, Inc.a DLH Holdings CompanyDurhamNCUSA
| | - E. Van Fleet
- Social & Scientific Systems, Inc.a DLH Holdings CompanyDurhamNCUSA
| | - A. Liu
- Department of Health and Human ServicesNational Institute of Environmental Health SciencesNational Institutes of HealthDurhamNCUSA
- Kelly Government SolutionsRockvilleMDUSA
| | - S. Ramsey
- Social & Scientific Systems, Inc.a DLH Holdings CompanyDurhamNCUSA
| | - R. K. Kwok
- Department of Health and Human ServicesNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - A. K. Miller
- Department of Health and Human ServicesNational Institute of Environmental Health SciencesNational Institutes of HealthDurhamNCUSA
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11
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Bramer LM, Dixon HM, Rohlman D, Scott RP, Miller RL, Kincl L, Herbstman JB, Waters KM, Anderson KA. PM 2.5 Is Insufficient to Explain Personal PAH Exposure. GEOHEALTH 2024; 8:e2023GH000937. [PMID: 38344245 PMCID: PMC10858395 DOI: 10.1029/2023gh000937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024]
Abstract
To understand how chemical exposure can impact health, researchers need tools that capture the complexities of personal chemical exposure. In practice, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air quality index (AQI) data from outdoor stationary monitors and Hazard Mapping System (HMS) smoke density data from satellites are often used as proxies for personal chemical exposure, but do not capture total chemical exposure. Silicone wristbands can quantify more individualized exposure data than stationary air monitors or smoke satellites. However, it is not understood how these proxy measurements compare to chemical data measured from wristbands. In this study, participants wore daily wristbands, carried a phone that recorded locations, and answered daily questionnaires for a 7-day period in multiple seasons. We gathered publicly available daily PM2.5 AQI data and HMS data. We analyzed wristbands for 94 organic chemicals, including 53 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Wristband chemical detections and concentrations, behavioral variables (e.g., time spent indoors), and environmental conditions (e.g., PM2.5 AQI) significantly differed between seasons. Machine learning models were fit to predict personal chemical exposure using PM2.5 AQI only, HMS only, and a multivariate feature set including PM2.5 AQI, HMS, and other environmental and behavioral information. On average, the multivariate models increased predictive accuracy by approximately 70% compared to either the AQI model or the HMS model for all chemicals modeled. This study provides evidence that PM2.5 AQI data alone or HMS data alone is insufficient to explain personal chemical exposures. Our results identify additional key predictors of personal chemical exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Bramer
- Biological Sciences DivisionPacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWAUSA
| | - Holly M. Dixon
- Department of Environmental and Molecular ToxicologyFood Safety and Environmental Stewardship ProgramOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Diana Rohlman
- College of HealthOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Richard P. Scott
- Department of Environmental and Molecular ToxicologyFood Safety and Environmental Stewardship ProgramOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Rachel L. Miller
- Division of Clinical ImmunologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York CityNYUSA
| | - Laurel Kincl
- College of HealthOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Julie B. Herbstman
- Department of Environmental Health SciencesColumbia Center for Children's Environmental HealthMailman School of Public HealthColumbia UniversityNew York CityNYUSA
| | - Katrina M. Waters
- Biological Sciences DivisionPacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWAUSA
- Department of Environmental and Molecular ToxicologyFood Safety and Environmental Stewardship ProgramOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Kim A. Anderson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular ToxicologyFood Safety and Environmental Stewardship ProgramOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
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12
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Teixeira J, Bessa MJ, Delerue-Matos C, Sarmento B, Santos-Silva A, Rodrigues F, Oliveira M. Firefighters' personal exposure to gaseous PAHs during controlled forest fires: A case study with estimation of respiratory health risks and in vitro toxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168364. [PMID: 37963534 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Firefighters are daily exposed to adverse health-hazardous pollutants. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), well known endocrine disruptors with carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic properties, are among the most relevant pollutants. The characterization of firefighters' occupational exposure to airborne PAHs remains limited; information is scarce for European firefighters. Also, the in vitro assessment of firefighters' respiratory health risks is inexistent. To reply to these scientific gaps, this work characterizes the levels of gaseous PAH in firefighters' personal air during regular working activities at controlled forest fires and at fire stations (control group). Breathable levels were 2.2-26.7 times higher during fire events than in the control group (2.63-32.63 μg/m3versus 1.22 μg/m3, p < 0.001); the available occupational guidelines (100 and 200 μg/m3 defined by the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and the North American Occupational Safety and Health Administration, respectively) were not exceeded. Concentrations of (possible/probable) carcinogenic PAHs were 1.9-15.3 times superior during firefighting (p < 0.001). Increased values of total benzo(a)pyrene equivalents (p = 0.101), dose rates (p < 0.001), and carcinogenic risks (p = 0.063) were estimated in firefighters during controlled fires comparatively with the control group. Firefighters' breathable gaseous phase collected during fire events contributed to induce a significant viability decrease (<70 %; p < 0.05) in A549 and Calu-3 cell lines. The principal component analysis (PCA) allowed the differentiation between firefighters participating in controlled fire events from the control group. PCA analysis demonstrated the potential of PAHs to distinguish different sources of firefighters´ occupational exposure and of combining estimated health risk parameters with in vitro toxicities determined with human-breathable air collected during real-life scenarios. Overall, the participation in controlled fire events contributes to the respiratory health burden of firefighting forces. However, more studies are needed to corroborate these preliminary findings, explore the respiratory toxicological mechanisms, and support the implementation of preventive actions and mitigation strategies to pursue firefighters' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Teixeira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; REQUIMTE/UCIBIO, Unidade de Ciências Biomoleculares Aplicadas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Bessa
- UNIPRO - Unidade de Investigação em Patologia e Reabilitação Oral, Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- UNIPRO - Unidade de Investigação em Patologia e Reabilitação Oral, Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alice Santos-Silva
- REQUIMTE/UCIBIO, Unidade de Ciências Biomoleculares Aplicadas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório Associado i4HB, Instituto para a Saúde e a Bioeconomia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal.
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13
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Laguerre A, Gall ET. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Wildfire Smoke Accumulate on Indoor Materials and Create Postsmoke Event Exposure Pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:639-648. [PMID: 38111142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Wildfire smoke contains PAHs that, after infiltrating indoors, accumulate on indoor materials through particle deposition and partitioning from air. We report the magnitude and persistence of select surface associated PAHs on three common indoor materials: glass, cotton, and mechanical air filter media. Materials were loaded with PAHs through both spiking with standards and exposure to a wildfire smoke proxy. Loaded materials were aged indoors over ∼4 months to determine PAH persistence. For materials spiked with standards, total PAH decay rates were 0.010 ± 0.002, 0.025 ± 0.005, and 0.051 ± 0.009 day-1, for mechanical air filter media, glass, and cotton, respectively. PAH decay on smoke-exposed samples is consistent with that predicated by decay constants from spiked materials. Decay curves of smoke loaded samples show that PAH surface concentrations are elevated above background for ∼40 days after the smoke clears. Cleaning processes efficiently remove PAHs, with reductions of 71% and 62% after cleaning smoke-exposed glass with ethanol and a commercial cleaner, respectively. Laundering smoke-exposed cotton in a washing machine and heated drying removed 48% of PAHs. An exposure assessment indicates that both inhalation and dermal PAH exposure pathways may be relevant following wildfire smoke events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Laguerre
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Elliott T Gall
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
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14
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Moran IL, Tidwell L, Barton M, Kile M, Miller P, Rohlman D, Seguinot-Medina S, Ungwiluk B, Waghiyi V, Anderson K. Diffusive fluxes of persistent organic pollutants between Arctic atmosphere, surface waters and sediments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 892:164566. [PMID: 37270011 PMCID: PMC10330832 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Arctic communities are disproportionately exposed to pollutants from sources including global atmospheric transport and formerly used defense sites (FUDS). The effects of climate change and increasing development in the Arctic have the potential to exacerbate this problem. Yupik People of Sivuqaq, or St Lawrence Island, Alaska are one such community with documented exposures to pollutants from FUDS, and their traditional lipid-rich foods such as blubber and rendered oils of marine mammals. Troutman Lake, adjacent to the Yupik community of Gambell, Alaska, was used as a disposal site during the decommission of the adjacent FUDS, leading to community concern about exposure to military pollution and intrusion from historic local dump sites. In collaboration with a local community group, this study utilized passive sampling devices deployed in Troutman Lake. Air, water and sediment deployed samplers were analyzed for unsubstituted and alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), brominated and organophosphate flame retardants and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). PAH concentrations were low and comparable to other remote/rural locations. PAHs were generally in deposition from the overlying atmosphere into Troutman Lake. Of the flame retardants, brominated diphenyl ether-47 was detected in all surface water samplers while triphenyl phosphate was detected in all environmental compartments. Both were at concentrations equivalent or lower than other remote locations. Of particular interest, we measured higher atmospheric concentrations of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) (0.75-2.8 ng/m3) than previously reported in the literature for remote Arctic sites (<0.017-0.56 ng/m3). TCEP was found to be in deposition to Troutman Lake at magnitudes from 290 to 1300 ng/m2/day. No PCBs were detected in this study. Our findings demonstrate the relevance of both modern and legacy chemicals from local and global sources. These results help us to understand the fate of anthropogenic contaminants in dynamic Arctic systems providing valuable data for communities, policy makers and scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian L Moran
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Lane Tidwell
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Michael Barton
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Molly Kile
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Pamela Miller
- Alaska Community Action on Toxics, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Diana Rohlman
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA; College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | | | | | - Vi Waghiyi
- Alaska Community Action on Toxics, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Kim Anderson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
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15
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Maier MLV, Siddens LK, Pennington JM, Uesugi SL, Labut EM, Vertel EA, Anderson KA, Tidwell LG, Tilton SC, Ognibene TJ, Turteltaub KW, Smith JN, Williams DE. Impact of phenanthrene co-administration on the toxicokinetics of benzo[a]pyrene in humans. UPLC-accelerator mass spectrometry following oral microdosing. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 382:110608. [PMID: 37369263 PMCID: PMC10782561 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Current risk assessments for environmental carcinogens rely on animal studies utilizing doses orders of magnitude higher than actual human exposures. Epidemiological studies of people with high exposures (e.g., occupational) are of value, but rely on uncertain exposure data. In addition, exposures are typically not to a single chemical but to mixtures, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The extremely high sensitivity of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) allows for dosing humans with known carcinogens with de minimus risk. In this study UPLC-AMS was used to assess the toxicokinetics of [14C]-benzo[a]pyrene ([14C]-BaP) when dosed alone or in a binary mixture with phenanthrene (Phe). Plasma was collected for 48 h following a dose of [14C]-BaP (50 ng, 5.4 nCi) or the same dose of [14C]-BaP plus Phe (1250 ng). Following the binary mixture, Cmax of [14C]-BaP significantly decreased (4.4-fold) whereas the volume of distribution (Vd) increased (2-fold). Further, the toxicokinetics of twelve [14C]-BaP metabolites provided evidence of little change in the metabolite profile of [14C]-BaP and the pattern was overall reduction consistent with reduced absorption (decrease in Cmax). Although Phe was shown to be a competitive inhibitor of the major hepatic cytochrome P-450 (CYP) responsible for metabolism of [14C]-BaP, CYP1A2, the high inhibition constant (Ki) and lack of any increase in unmetabolized [14C]-BaP in plasma makes this mechanism unlikely to be responsible. Rather, co-administration of Phe reduces the absorption of [14C]-BaP through a mechanism yet to be determined. This is the first study to provide evidence that, at actual environmental levels of exposure, the toxicokinetics of [14C]-BaP in humans is markedly altered by the presence of a second PAH, Phe, a common component of environmental PAH mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L Vermillion Maier
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Lisbeth K Siddens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Jamie M Pennington
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Sandra L Uesugi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Edwin M Labut
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Emily A Vertel
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Kim A Anderson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; NIEHS Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Lane G Tidwell
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Susan C Tilton
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; NIEHS Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Ted J Ognibene
- Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA.
| | - Kenneth W Turteltaub
- Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA; Biology and Biotechnology Research Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA.
| | - Jordan N Smith
- NIEHS Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Chemical Biology and Exposure Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA.
| | - David E Williams
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; NIEHS Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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16
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Laguerre A, Gall ET. Measurement of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) on Indoor Materials: Method Development. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:20634-20641. [PMID: 37332781 PMCID: PMC10268631 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Wildfire smoke penetrates indoors, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in smoke may accumulate on indoor materials. We developed two approaches for measuring PAHs on common indoor materials: (1) solvent-soaked wiping of solid materials (glass and drywall) and (2) direct extraction of porous/fleecy materials (mechanical air filter media and cotton sheets). Samples are extracted by sonication in dichloromethane and analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Extraction recoveries range from 50-83% for surrogate standards and for PAHs recovered from direct application to isopropanol-soaked wipes, in line with prior studies. We evaluate our methods with a total recovery metric, defined as the sampling and extraction recovery of PAHs from a test material spiked with known PAH mass. Total recovery is higher for "heavy" PAHs (HPAHs, 4 or more aromatic rings) than for "light" PAHs (LPAHs, 2-3 aromatic rings). For glass, the total recovery range is 44-77% for HPAHs and 0-30% for LPAHs. Total recoveries from painted drywall are <20% for all PAHs tested. For filter media and cotton, total recoveries of HPAHs are 37-67 and 19-57%, respectively. These data show acceptable HPAH total recovery on glass, cotton, and filter media; total recovery of LPAHs may be unacceptably low for indoor materials using methods developed here. Our data also indicate that extraction recovery of surrogate standards may overestimate the total recovery of PAHs from glass using solvent wipe sampling. The developed method enables future studies of accumulation of PAHs indoors, including potential longer-term exposure derived from contaminated indoor surfaces.
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17
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Zhai J, Huang F, Yang Y, Liu X, Luan T, Deng J. Development of a Repair Enzyme Fluorescent Probe to Reveal the Intracellular DNA Damage Induced by Benzo[a]pyrene in Living Cells. Anal Chem 2023; 95:7788-7795. [PMID: 37130082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pollutant exposure causes a series of DNA damage in cells, resulting in the initiation and progression of diseases and even cancers. An investigation of the DNA damage induced by pollutants in living cells is significant to evaluate the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of environmental exposure, providing critical insight in the exploration of the etiologies of diseases. In this study, we develop a repair enzyme fluorescent probe to reveal the DNA damage caused by an environmental pollutant in living cells by single-cell fluorescent imaging of the most common base damage repair enzyme named human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1). The repair enzyme fluorescent probe is fabricated by conjugation of an APE1 high affinity DNA substrate on a ZnO2 nanoparticle surface to form a ZnO2@DNA nanoprobe. The ZnO2 nanoparticle serves as both a probe carrier and a cofactor supplier, releasing Zn2+ to activate APE1 generated by pollutant exposure. The AP-site in the DNA substrate of the fluorescent probe is cleaved by the activated APE1, releasing fluorophore and generating fluorescent signals to indicate the position and degree of APE1-related DNA base damage in living cells. Subsequently, the developed ZnO2@DNA fluorescent probe is applied to investigate the APE1-related DNA base damage induced by benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in living human hepatocytes. Significant DNA base damage by BaP exposure is revealed, with a positive correlation of the damage degree with exposure time in 2-24 h and the concentration in 5-150 μM, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that BaP has a significant effect on the AP-site damage, and the degree of DNA base damage is time-dependent and concentration-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiu Zhai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fanglin Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yunyun Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Ambient Mass Spectrometry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), 100 Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Xiaoxin Liu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tiangang Luan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiewei Deng
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Smart Medical Innovation Technology Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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