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Lohmann R, Vrana B, Muir D, Smedes F, Sobotka J, Zeng EY, Bao LJ, Allan IJ, Astrahan P, Bidleman T, Crowley D, Dykyi E, Estoppey N, Fillmann G, Jantunen L, Kaserzon S, Maruya KA, McHugh B, Newman B, Prats RM, Tsapakis M, Tysklind M, van Drooge BL, Wong CS. AQUA-GAPS/MONET-Derived Concentrations and Trends of PAHs and Polycyclic Musks across Global Waters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39031616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c03099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), released from petrogenic, pyrogenic or diagenetic sources (degradation of wood materials), are of global concern due to their adverse effects, and potential for long-range transport. While dissolved PAHs have been frequently reported in the literature, there has been no consistent approach of sampling across water bodies. Passive samplers from the AQUA/GAPS-MONET initiative were deployed at 46 sites (28 marine and 18 freshwater), and analyzed for 28 PAHs and six polycyclic musks (PCMs) centrally. Freely dissolved PAH concentrations were dominated by phenanthrene (mean concentration 1500 pg L-1; median 530 pg L-1) and other low molecular weight compounds. Greatest concentrations of phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene were typically from the same sites, mostly in Europe and North America. Of the PCMs, only galaxolide (72% of samples) and tonalide (61%) were regularly detected, and were significantly cross-correlated. Benchmarking of PAHs relative to penta- and hexachlorobenzene confirmed that the most remote sites (Arctic, Antarctic, and mountain lakes) displayed below average PAH concentrations. Concentrations of 11 of 28 PAHs, galaxolide and tonalide were positively correlated (P < 0.05) with population density within a radius of 5 km of the sampling site. Characteristic PAH ratios gave conflicting results, likely reflecting multiple PAH sources and postemission changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Lohmann
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, United States
| | - Branislav Vrana
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno 61137, Czech Republic
| | - Derek Muir
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Foppe Smedes
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno 61137, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromir Sobotka
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno 61137, Czech Republic
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Lian-Jun Bao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Ian J Allan
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, Oslo 0579, Norway
| | - Peleg Astrahan
- Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Migdal 3109701, Israel
| | - Terry Bidleman
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 6, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Denis Crowley
- Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Co. Galway H91 R673, Ireland
| | - Evgen Dykyi
- National Antarctic Scientific Center, Taras Shevchenko Boulevard 16, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Nicolas Estoppey
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, Batochime Building, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box. 3930 Ullevål Stadion, Oslo N-0806, Norway
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IO-FURG), Av. Itália s/n Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Liisa Jantunen
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 6248 Eighth Line, Egbert, Ontario L0L1N0, Canada
| | - Sarit Kaserzon
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Keith A Maruya
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, 3535 Harbor Blvd., Suite 110, Costa Mesa, California 92626, United States
| | - Brendan McHugh
- Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Co. Galway H91 R673, Ireland
| | - Brent Newman
- Coastal Systems Research Group, CSIR, P.O. Box 59081, Umbilo, Durban 4075, South Africa
- Nelson Mandela University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
| | - Raimon M Prats
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Manolis Tsapakis
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, PO Box 2214, GR-Heraklion, Crete 71003, Greece
| | - Mats Tysklind
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 6, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Barend L van Drooge
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Charles S Wong
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, 3535 Harbor Blvd., Suite 110, Costa Mesa, California 92626, United States
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2
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Gao X, Zhou Q. Highly sensitive passive sampling of new pollutants in urban reclaimed water using hydrophilic-lipophilic balance sorbent-embedded cellulose acetate membrane. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 257:121681. [PMID: 38692257 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Urban reclaimed water is important water resource in China, while the residual new pollutants in the water largely challenge their safety for further use. China's action program for the management of new pollutants (also known as emerging contaminants) requires effective method for monitoring diverse new pollutants in water. This work proposed a highly sensitive passive sampling method for monitoring diverse new pollutants in urban reclaimed water. Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance sorbent-embedded cellulose acetate membranes (HECAMs) were dynamically deployed in self-developed continuous flow integrative sampling device (CFISD) for sampling four types of new pollutants with wide polarity ranges (1.11 < log Kow < 9.49) in a reclaimed water network for landscape irrigation in Beijing, China. The estimated equilibrium partition ratios of most chemicals between HECAM and water were over 104, which would provide low detection limits. In the 7-d high-efficiency deployment, thirty new pollutants were detected, which indicated incompletely removal of various new pollutants in wastewater treatment process. The dynamical accumulation data were successfully fitted by first-order kinetic model and different contaminants reached different accumulation phases in the HECAMs during 7 d. Acceptable and steady uptake rate constants and sampling rates were obtained with the use of CFISD in field sampling. The estimated time-weighted average concentrations for contaminants had wide concentration range and were from 0.03 ng L-1 (pendimethalin) to 3,394 ng L-1 (dibutyl phthalate) and this may lead to environmental risk for further use the reclaimed water. Dynamical deployment results also provided sensitive information of concentration fluctuations and twelve pollutants showed concentration fluctuations during the sampling period. In summary, HECAM showed high sensitivities and credible performance of monitoring diverse new pollutants in the urban reclaimed water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qingxiang Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China.
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3
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Wu L, Wang R, Yao Y, Tong Y, Li H, Meng XZ, Gong X, Bao LJ, You J, Zeng EY. Occurrence, Spatial Distribution, and Bioaccumulation of Dissolved Synthetic Musks in Freshwaters across China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:7617-7627. [PMID: 38632682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Commercial chemicals, such as synthetic musks, are of global concern, but data on their occurrence and spatial distribution in aquatic environments of large scale are scarce. Two sampling campaigns were conducted in the present study to measure freely dissolved synthetic musks in freshwaters across China using passive samplers, along with biological coexposure at selected sites. Polycyclic musks (PCMs) dominated synthetic musks, with a detection frequency of 95%. Higher concentrations of PCMs were observed in densely populated Mid, East, and South China compared to less populated regions, indicating the significance of anthropogenic activities for synthetic musks in water. The concentration ratios of galaxolide (HHCB)/tonalide (AHTN) were significantly higher in low-latitude areas than in high-latitude areas from June to September, suggesting that solar radiation played an important role in the degradation of HHCB/AHTN. Significant correlations were found between dissolved concentrations of HHCB and AHTN and their lipid-normalized concentrations in coexposed fish and clam. The estimated hazard quotients for HHCB and AHTN in freshwater fish consumed by humans were less than 0.01 at all sampling sites except the Yangtze River Basin. These results help to understand the environmental fate and ecological risks of synthetic musks on a large geographical scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Yao Yao
- The Genetics Laboratory, Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College, Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Yujun Tong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Huizhen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Xiang-Zhou Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiangjun Gong
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lian-Jun Bao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Jing You
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
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4
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Booij K, Crum S, Vrana B, Grabic R, Morin NAO, Parmentier K, Kech C, Krystek P, Noro K, Becker B, Lohmann R, Malleret L, Kaserzon SL, Miège C, Alliot F, Pfeiffer F, Crowley D, Rakowska M, Ocelka T, Kim GB, Röhler L. Ongoing Laboratory Performance Study on Chemical Analysis of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Compounds in Three Aquatic Passive Samplers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:6772-6780. [PMID: 38577774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The quality of chemical analysis is an important aspect of passive sampling-based environmental assessments. The present study reports on a proficiency testing program for the chemical analysis of hydrophobic organic compounds in silicone and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) passive samplers and hydrophilic compounds in polar organic chemical integrative samplers. The median between-laboratory coefficients of variation (CVs) of hydrophobic compound concentrations in the polymer phase were 33% (silicone) and 38% (LDPE), similar to the CVs obtained in four earlier rounds of this program. The median CV over all rounds was 32%. Much higher variabilities were observed for hydrophilic compound concentrations in the sorbent: 50% for the untransformed data and a factor of 1.6 after log transformation. Limiting the data to the best performing laboratories did not result in less variability. Data quality for hydrophilic compounds was only weakly related to the use of structurally identical internal standards and was unrelated to the choice of extraction solvent and extraction time. Standard deviations of the aqueous concentration estimates for hydrophobic compound sampling by the best performing laboratories were 0.21 log units for silicone and 0.27 log units for LDPE (factors of 1.6 to 1.9). The implications are that proficiency testing programs may give more realistic estimates of uncertainties in chemical analysis than within-laboratory quality control programs and that these high uncertainties should be taken into account in environmental assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kees Booij
- PaSOC, Kimswerd 8821 LV, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Crum
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Branislav Vrana
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 61137, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Grabic
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany 38925, Czech Republic
| | - Nicolas A O Morin
- Laboratoire de l'Environnement et de l'Alimentation de la Vendée, La Roche sur Yon 85021, France
| | - Koen Parmentier
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Oostende 8400, Belgium
| | - Cécile Kech
- Scientific Institute of Public Service (ISSeP), Liège 4000, Belgium
| | | | - Kazushi Noro
- University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
- Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture, and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture, Habikino, Osaka 583-0862, Japan
| | - Benjamin Becker
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Koblenz, Rheinland-Pfalz 56068, Germany
| | - Rainer Lohmann
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, United States
| | - Laure Malleret
- Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Aix-en-Provence 13545, France
| | - Sarit L Kaserzon
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | | | - Fabrice Alliot
- METIS, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, PSL University, UMR 7619, Paris 75005, France
| | - Fabienne Pfeiffer
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | | | - Magdalena Rakowska
- Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1023, United States
- Envirostatus LLC., Lubbock, Texas 79415, United States
| | - Tomas Ocelka
- DioxinLab, E&H Services Inc., Dobrá 739 51, Czech Republic
| | - Gi Beum Kim
- Marine Environmental Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Laura Röhler
- NIVA - Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo 0579, Norway
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5
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Xiong J, Li H, Ma X, Tan B, Gong Y, Xie D, Wang L, Yi H, You J. Tracing the attenuation of fipronil and its transformation products from a rice paddy field to receiving rivers using polar organic chemical integrative samplers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166824. [PMID: 37673241 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Irrational use of fipronil for rice pest control often occurred, resulting in high concentrations of fipronil and its transformation products (TPs) (collectively termed fiproles) in aquatic sediment, calling for a better understanding of the migration and transformation of fipronil in surface water as well as efficient methods for source identification. Herein, the fate and transport of fiproles from a paddy field to receiving rivers were assessed in Poyang Lake basin, Jiangxi, China using polar organic chemical integrative samplers with mixed-mode adsorbents (POCIS-MMA). Average concentrations of fiproles in water were 6.16 ± 6.32 ng/L, with median, minimum, and maximum values being 2.99 ± 0.67, 0.40 ± 0.08, and 18.6 ± 3.1 ng/L, respectively. In all samples, over half of fiproles (55.9 %-90.8 %) presented in the form of TPs and fipronil desulfinyl was the dominant TP. Two approaches were applied for source identification, including the change of molar concentration ratios of fipronil to its TPs and the relative attenuation values of fiproles normalized to a reference compound (acetamiprid) that was stable in aquatic environment. While the paddy field upstream was the main source of waterborne fiproles, additional input sources in the downstream region were identified. The present study indicated that the combination of attenuation of molar concentration ratios of micro-pollutants to their respective TPs and relative attenuation values of micro-pollutants' concentrations normalized to a reference compound measured by POCIS is an effective means to study the migration and transformation of micro-pollutants in field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xiong
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Huizhen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Xue Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Baoxiang Tan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Yongting Gong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Danping Xie
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Hao Yi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Jing You
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
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6
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Lohmann R, Vrana B, Muir D, Smedes F, Sobotka J, Zeng EY, Bao LJ, Allan IJ, Astrahan P, Barra RO, Bidleman T, Dykyi E, Estoppey N, Fillmann G, Greenwood N, Helm PA, Jantunen L, Kaserzon S, Macías JV, Maruya KA, Molina F, Newman B, Prats RM, Tsapakis M, Tysklind M, van Drooge BL, Veal CJ, Wong CS. Passive-Sampler-Derived PCB and OCP Concentrations in the Waters of the World─First Results from the AQUA-GAPS/MONET Network. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37294896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are recognized as pollutants of global concern, but so far, information on the trends of legacy POPs in the waters of the world has been missing due to logistical, analytical, and financial reasons. Passive samplers have emerged as an attractive alternative to active water sampling methods as they accumulate POPs, represent time-weighted average concentrations, and can easily be shipped and deployed. As part of the AQUA-GAPS/MONET, passive samplers were deployed at 40 globally distributed sites between 2016 and 2020, for a total of 21 freshwater and 40 marine deployments. Results from silicone passive samplers showed α-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and γ-HCH displaying the greatest concentrations in the northern latitudes/Arctic Ocean, in stark contrast to the more persistent penta (PeCB)- and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), which approached equilibrium across sampling sites. Geospatial patterns of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) aqueous concentrations closely matched original estimates of production and use, implying limited global transport. Positive correlations between log-transformed concentrations of Σ7PCB, ΣDDTs, Σendosulfan, and Σchlordane, but not ΣHCH, and the log of population density (p < 0.05) within 5 and 10 km of the sampling sites also supported limited transport from used sites. These results help to understand the extent of global distribution, and eventually time-trends, of organic pollutants in aquatic systems, such as across freshwaters and oceans. Future deployments will aim to establish time-trends at selected sites while adding to the geographical coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Lohmann
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882-1197, United States
| | - Branislav Vrana
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Derek Muir
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, L7S 1A1 Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Foppe Smedes
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromír Sobotka
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, 511443 Guangzhou, China
| | - Lian-Jun Bao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, 511443 Guangzhou, China
| | - Ian J Allan
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway
| | - Peleg Astrahan
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Kinneret Lake Laboratory, 3109701 Haifa, Israel
| | - Ricardo O Barra
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and EULA Chile Centre, University of Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile
| | - Terry Bidleman
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 6, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Evgen Dykyi
- National Antarctic Scientific Center, Taras Shevchenko Boulevard 16, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nicolas Estoppey
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, Batochime Building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box. 3930, Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IO-FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Naomi Greenwood
- Centre of Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, NR33 0HT Lowestoft, U.K
| | - Paul A Helm
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, M9P 3V6 Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liisa Jantunen
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 6248 Eighth Line, Egbert, Ontario L0L1N0, Canada
| | - Sarit Kaserzon
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - J Vinicio Macías
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Fracc. Playitas, 22860 Ensenada, Mexico
| | - Keith A Maruya
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, 3535 Harbor Blvd., Suite 110, Costa Mesa, California 92626, United States
| | - Francisco Molina
- Environmental School, Faculty of Engineering, University of Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No 52-21, 050010 Medellín, Colombia
| | - Brent Newman
- Coastal Systems Research Group, CSIR, P.O. Box 59081, Umbilo, 4075 Durban, South Africa
- Nelson Mandela University, P.O. Box 77000, 6031 Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Raimon M Prats
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manolis Tsapakis
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, PO Box 2214, GR-71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Mats Tysklind
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 6, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Barend L van Drooge
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cameron J Veal
- Seqwater, 117 Brisbane Road, 4305 Ipswich, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - Charles S Wong
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, 3535 Harbor Blvd., Suite 110, Costa Mesa, California 92626, United States
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7
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Ebinghaus R, Barbaro E, Bengtson Nash S, de Avila C, de Wit CA, Dulio V, Felden J, Franco A, Gandrass J, Grotti M, Herata H, Hughes KA, Jartun M, Joerss H, Kallenborn R, Koschorreck J, Küster A, Lohmann R, Wang Z, MacLeod M, Pugh R, Rauert C, Slobodnik J, Sühring R, Vorkamp K, Xie Z. Berlin statement on legacy and emerging contaminants in polar regions. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 327:138530. [PMID: 37001758 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Polar regions should be given greater consideration with respect to the monitoring, risk assessment, and management of potentially harmful chemicals, consistent with requirements of the precautionary principle. Protecting the vulnerable polar environments requires (i) raising political and public awareness and (ii) restricting and preventing global emissions of harmful chemicals at their sources. The Berlin Statement is the outcome of an international workshop with representatives of the European Commission, the Arctic Council, the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting, the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), environmental specimen banks, and data centers, as well as scientists from various international research institutions. The statement addresses urgent chemical pollution issues in the polar regions and provides recommendations for improving screening, monitoring, risk assessment, research cooperation, and open data sharing to provide environmental policy makers and chemicals management decision-makers with relevant and reliable contaminant data to better protect the polar environments. The consensus reached at the workshop can be summarized in just two words: "Act now!" Specifically, "Act now!" to reduce the presence and impact of anthropogenic chemical pollution in polar regions by. •Establishing participatory co-development frameworks in a permanent multi-disciplinary platform for Arctic-Antarctic collaborations and establishing exchanges between the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP) of the Arctic Council and the Antarctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AnMAP) of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) to increase the visibility and exchange of contaminant data and to support the development of harmonized monitoring programs. •Integrating environmental specimen banking, innovative screening approaches and archiving systems, to provide opportunities for improved assessment of contaminants to protect polar regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Ebinghaus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Germany.
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council, Italy
| | - Susan Bengtson Nash
- Griffith University, Centre of Planetary Health and Food Security, Australia
| | - Cristina de Avila
- European Commission, Safe and Sustainable Chemicals, DG Environment, Belgium
| | - Cynthia A de Wit
- Stockholm University, Department of Environmental Science, Sweden
| | | | - Janine Felden
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, PANGAEA, Germany
| | - Antonio Franco
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Juergen Gandrass
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Germany
| | - Marco Grotti
- University of Genova, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Italy
| | | | | | - Morten Jartun
- NIVA - Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Norway
| | - Hanna Joerss
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Germany
| | - Roland Kallenborn
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences (KBM), Norwegian University of Life Science, Norway (NMBU), Norway; University of the Arctic Oulo, Finland
| | | | | | - Rainer Lohmann
- University of Rhode Island, Graduate School of Oceanography, USA
| | - Zhanyun Wang
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Matthew MacLeod
- Stockholm University, Department of Environmental Science, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Pugh
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA
| | | | | | - Roxana Sühring
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria St, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Katrin Vorkamp
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Germany
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8
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Bengtson Nash S, Bohlin-Nizzetto P, Galban-Malagon C, Corsolini S, Cincinelli A, Lohmann R. Monitoring persistent organic chemicals in Antarctica in support of global chemical policy: a horizon scan of priority actions and challenges. Lancet Planet Health 2023; 7:e435-e440. [PMID: 37164519 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(23)00076-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Global production and emission of chemicals exceeds societal capacities for assessment and monitoring. This situation calls for improved chemical regulatory policy frameworks and increased support for expedited decision making within existing frameworks. The polar regions of the Earth represent unique sentinel areas for the study of global chemical behaviour, and data arising from these areas can strengthen existing policy frameworks. However, chemical pollution research and monitoring in the Antarctic is underdeveloped, with geopolitical complexities and the absence of legal recognition of international chemical policy serving to neutralise progress made in other global regions. This Personal View represents a horizon scan by the action group Input Pathways of Persistent Organic Pollutants to Antarctica, of the Scientific Committee for Antarctic Research. Four priority research and research facilitation gaps are outlined, with recommendations for Antarctica Treaty parties for strategic action against these priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Bengtson Nash
- Centre of Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia.
| | | | - Cristobal Galban-Malagon
- Center of Genomics, Ecology and Environment, Universidad Mayor, Huechuraba, Chile; Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Alessandra Cincinelli
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Rainer Lohmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, USA
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9
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Wang MH, Chen CW, Chen CF, Wang LC, Liu TK, Dong CD. Occurrence and emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water treatment plant sludge in Taiwan. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:1190-1200. [PMID: 34694956 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1998227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations level and distribution of 16 US EPA polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) from the water treatment plant (WTP), sewage treatment plant (STP), and industrial water treatment plant (ITP) sludge in Taiwan were determined and then assessed the sources, and potential toxicity (carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [CPAHs] and toxic BaP equivalent [TEQ]). Results indicated that the total concentrations of PAHs ranged between 58 and 16,436 μg/kg dw. Among the 17 samples, the 2-4 ring of total PAHs were the predominant compound in three kinds of treatment plant (> 60%). Especially, ITP1 owns 95.8% of 2-4 ring of total PAHs and ITP3 owns 54% of five- and six-ring of total PAHs. The molecular indices and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to determine the source contributions, with the results showing that the contributions of combustion/grass, coal or wood combustion and combustion/ liquid (oil) fossil fuel combustion. A PAH toxicity indicated by TEQ was 2.5-506 μg TEQ/g dw. Although, the results indicated that these were not recommended for land applications, but analyses are beneficial to develop effective management strategies for controlling PAH discharge in treatment plants and establishing strategies for its reuse in managing pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Huang Wang
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Feng Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Chi Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Kang Liu
- Institute of Ocean Technology and Marine Affairs, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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10
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Khulu S, Ncube S, Nuapia Y, Madikizela LM, Mavhunga E, Chimuka L. Development and application of a membrane assisted solvent extraction-molecularly imprinted polymer based passive sampler for monitoring of selected pharmaceuticals in surface water. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 225:119145. [PMID: 36179429 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate the development, evaluation and pre-liminary application of a novel passive sampler for monitoring of selected pharmaceuticals in environmental waters. The samplers were calibrated in laboratory-based experiments to obtain sampling rates (Rs) for carbamazepine, methocarbamol, etilefrine, venlafaxine and nevirapine. Passive sampling was based on the diffusion of the target pharmaceuticals from surface water through a membrane bag which housed an ionic liquid as a green receiving solvent and a molecularly imprinted polymer. Effects of biofouling, deployment time and solvent type for the receiver phase were optimized for selective uptake of analytes in surface water. Notably, there was a decrease in the uptake of selected pharmaceuticals and consequently a decrease in their sampling rates in the presence of biofouling. The optimum matrix-matched sampling rates ranged from 0.0007 - 0.0018 L d-1 whilst the method detection and quantification limits ranged from 2.45 - 3.26 ng L-1 and 8.06 - 10.81 ng L-1, respectively. The optimized passive sampler was deployed in a dam situated in the heart of a typical highly populated township in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. Only etilefrine and methocarbamol were detected and quantified at maximum time weighted average concentrations of 12.88 and 72.29 ng L-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinegugu Khulu
- Molecular Sciences Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa; School of Education, University of Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
| | - Somandla Ncube
- Department of Chemistry, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, P.O Box 60, Medunsa, 0204, South Africa
| | - Yannick Nuapia
- Molecular Sciences Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa; Pharmacy Department, School of Health Sciences, University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, Polokwane, 0727, South Africa
| | - Lawrence Mzukisi Madikizela
- Molecular Sciences Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa; Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, 1710, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Mavhunga
- School of Education, University of Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
| | - Luke Chimuka
- Molecular Sciences Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa.
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11
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Alshemmari H. Past, present and future trends of selected pesticidal and industrial POPs in Kuwait. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:3191-3214. [PMID: 34661833 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01113-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Given the background of current global initiatives for controlling persistent organic pollutants (POPs), an overview of the scientific knowledge about the POPs issues in Kuwait is presented in this study. Both acute and chronic exposure to POPs can be associated with a wide range of deleterious health effects, including illness and death. POPs have drawn significant political and scientific interest in their fate and actions, particularly where local releases have resulted in dispersed contamination far from the source regions. These concerns inevitably led to the establishment of the Stockholm Convention (SC) on POPs. In recent years, Kuwait has carried out a wide variety of environmental research, in particular, on the monitoring of POPs in different matrices. The technological development facilitated to achieve the opposite monitoring of pesticidal and industrial POPs. The majority of these POPs are from a point source. Kuwait does not have pesticide manufacturing facilities and has not produced pesticides for POPs in the past. In the agriculture sector, Kuwait primarily imports pesticides for pest and disease control. This review encompasses the historical presence and current status of (pesticidal) organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and (industrial POPs) PCBs and PBDEs in Kuwait based on the export, import, consumption and usage. This research also contrasts pesticide and industrial POP data from various Kuwaiti environmental matrices with data from other parts of Asia, the EU, the USA and Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Alshemmari
- Environmental and Climate Program, Environment & Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box: 24885, Safat, 13109, State of Kuwait.
- Stockholm Convention Regional Center for Capacity-Building and the Transfer of Technology for West Asia (SCRC-Kuwait), Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box: 24885, Safat, 13109, State of Kuwait.
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12
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Gao X, Li J, Xu Y, Zhou Q, Ma M, Wang Z. Passive sampling hydrophilic and hydrophobic bisphenol analogues using hydrophilic-lipophilic balance sorbent-embedded cellulose acetate membrane in surface waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 839:156239. [PMID: 35643131 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol analogues (BPs) are ubiquitous emerging contaminants in water environments and have wide polarity ranges (1.65 < log Kow < 7.2). Integrated passive sampling strategy rarely contains hydrophilic and hydrophobic organics simultaneously, while the method has good application perspective in monitoring organic contaminants. This work evaluated passive sampling performance for fifteen BPs in a newly developed passive sampler, i.e., hydrophilic-lipophilic balance sorbent-embedded cellulose acetate membrane (HECAM). In the dynamic accumulation experiments, both hydrophilic and hydrophobic BPs (including moderately hydrophilic BPs) well followed first-order kinetic uptake in the HECAMs. The estimated uptake rate constants, elimination rate constants, and equilibrium partition coefficients for BPs ranged from 4.4 L g-1 d-1 to 14.7 L g-1 d-1, 0.22 d-1 to 0.72 d-1, and 3.99 to 4.64, respectively. The kinetic parameters for BPs in HECAM show limited correlations to log Kow values, which the rule differs from traditional passive sampler. In the study of elimination kinetics, three deuterium labeled compounds showed incomplete elimination in HECAM and did not follow first-order isotropic exchange kinetics. Dual sorption mechanisms including both adsorption and partition were found for chemicals in HECAM, which the partitioned part could release to water and the adsorbed part could not easily release to water from HECAM. As a result, performance reference compounds (PRCs) calibration may be inapplicable to HLB sorbent-based passive sampler. The field deployment of HECAM in coastal waters of Guangdong, China resulted in the detection of eleven BPs, which indicated that the waters have been polluted by various BPs. Finally, monitoring strategy of simultaneous passive sampling hydrophobic and hydrophilic organic contaminants in surface waters was recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecological Remediation, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Juying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yiping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qingxiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Mei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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13
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Sobotka J, Smedes F, Vrana B. Performance comparison of silicone and low-density polyethylene as passive samplers in a global monitoring network for aquatic organic contaminants. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 302:119050. [PMID: 35218918 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Contamination with hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) such as persistent organic pollutants negatively affects global water quality. Accurate and globally comparable monitoring data are required to understand better the HOCs distribution and environmental fate. We present the first results of a proof-of-concept global monitoring campaign, the Aquatic Global Passive Sampling initiative (AQUA-GAPS), performed between 2016 and 2020, for assessing trends of freely dissolved HOC concentrations in global surface waters. One of the pilot campaign aims was to compare performance characteristics of silicone (SSP) and low-density polyethylene (PE) sheets co-deployed in parallel under identical conditions, i.e. at the same site, using the same deployment design, and for an equal period. Individual exposures lasted between 36 and 400 days, and samples were collected from 22 freshwater and 40 marine locations. The sampler inter-comparability is based on a rationale of common underlying principles, i.e. HOC diffusion through a water boundary layer (WBL) and absorption by the polymer. In the integrative uptake phase, equal surface-specific uptake in both samplers was observed for HOCs with a molecular volume less than 300 Å3. For those HOCs, transport in the WBL controls the uptake as mass transfer in the polymer is over 20-times faster. In such a case, sampled HOC mass can be converted into aqueous concentrations using available models derived for WBL-controlled sampling using performance reference compounds. In contrast, for larger molecules, surface-specific uptake to PE was lower than to SSP. Diffusion in PE is slower than in SSP, and it is likely that for large molecules, diffusion in PE limits the transport from water to the sampler, complicating the interpretation. Although both samplers provided mostly well comparable results, we recommend, based on simpler practical handling, simpler data interpretation, and better availability of reliable polymer-water partition coefficients, silicone-based samplers for future operation in the worldwide monitoring programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaromír Sobotka
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Foppe Smedes
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Branislav Vrana
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic.
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14
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Jonker MTO. Polyethylene-Water and Polydimethylsiloxane-Water Partition Coefficients for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Polychlorinated Biphenyls: Influence of Polymer Source and Proposed Best Available Values. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:1370-1380. [PMID: 35322897 PMCID: PMC9325362 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
For most passive sampling applications, the availability of accurate passive sampler-water partition coefficients (Kp-w ) is of key importance. Unfortunately, a huge variability exists in literature Kp-w values, in particular for hydrophobic chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). This variability is a major source of concern in the passive sampling community, which would benefit from high-quality Kp-w data. Hence, in the present study "best available" PAH and PCB Kp-w values are proposed for the two most often applied passive sampling materials, that is, low-density polyethylene and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), based on (1) a critical assessment of existing literature data, and (2) new Kp-w determinations for polyethylene and PDMS, with both polymers coming in six different versions (suppliers, thicknesses). The experimental results indicated that Kp-w values for PDMS are independent of the source, thus allowing straightforward standardization. In contrast, Kp-w values for polyethylene from different sources differed by up to 30%. Defining best available Kp-w values for this polymer therefore may require standardization of the polymer source. Application of the proposed best available Kp-w values will substantially improve the accuracy of freely dissolved concentration results by users and the potential for comparisons across laboratories. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1370-1380. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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15
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Glanzmann V, Booij K, Reymond N, Weyermann C, Estoppey N. Determining the Mass Transfer Coefficient of the Water Boundary Layer at the Surface of Aquatic Integrative Passive Samplers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:6391-6398. [PMID: 35420785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Passive sampling devices (PSDs) offer key benefits for monitoring chemical water quality, but the uptake process of PSDs for hydrophilic compounds still needs to be better understood. Determining mass transfer coefficients of the water boundary layer (kw) during calibration experiments and in situ monitoring would contribute toward achieving this; it allows for combining calibration data obtained at different temperature and hydrodynamic conditions and facilitate the translation of laboratory-derived calibration data to field exposure. This study compared two kw measurement methods applied to extraction disk housings (Chemcatcher), namely, alabaster dissolution and dissipation of performance reference compounds (PRCs) from silicone. Alabaster- and PRC-based kw were measured at four flow velocities (5-40 cm s-1) and two temperatures (11 and 20 °C) in a channel system. Data were compared using a relationship based on Sherwood, Reynolds, and Schmidt numbers. Good agreement was observed between data obtained at both temperatures, and for the two methods. Data were well explained by a model for mass transfer to a flat plate under laminar flow. It was slightly adapted to provide a semi-empirical model accounting for the effects of housing design on hydrodynamics. The use of PRC-spiked silicone to obtain in situ integrative kw for Chemcatcher-type PSDs is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vick Glanzmann
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, Batochime building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kees Booij
- PaSOC, Greate Pierwei 25, 8821 LV Kimswerd, The Netherlands
| | - Naomi Reymond
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, Batochime building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Céline Weyermann
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, Batochime building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Estoppey
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, Batochime building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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16
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Xie P, Yan Q, Xiong J, Li H, Ma X, You J. Point or non-point source: Toxicity evaluation using m-POCIS and zebrafish embryos in municipal sewage treatment plants and urban waterways. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118307. [PMID: 34626713 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Municipal sewage treatment plants (STPs) have been regarded as an important source of organic contaminants in aquatic environment. To assess the impact of STPs on occurrence and toxicity of STP-associated contaminants in receiving waterways, a novel passive sampler modified from polar organic chemical integrative sampler (m-POCIS) was deployed at the inlet and outlet of a STP and several upstream and downstream sites along a river receiving STP effluent in Guangzhou, China. Eighty-seven contaminants were analyzed in m-POCIS extracts, along with toxicity evaluation using zebrafish embryos. Polycyclic musks were the predominant contaminants in both STP and urban waterways, and antibiotics and current-use pesticides (e.g., neonicotinoids, fiproles) were also ubiquitous. The m-POCIS extracts from downstream sites caused significant deformity in embryos, yet the toxicity could not be explained by the measured contaminants, implying the presence of nontarget stressors. Sewage treatment process substantially reduced embryo deformity, chemical oxygen demand, and contamination levels of some contaminants; however, concentrations of neonicotinoids and fiproles increased after STP treatment, possibly due to the release of chemicals from perturbed sludge. Source identification showed that most of the contaminants found in urban waterways were originated from nonpoint runoff, while cosmetics factories and hospitals were likely point sources for musks and antibiotics, respectively. Although the observed embryo toxicity could not be well explained by target contaminants, the present study showed a promising future of using passive samplers to evaluate chemical occurrence and aquatic toxicity concurrently. Zebrafish embryo toxicity significantly decreased after sewage treatment, but higher toxicity was observed for downstream samples, demonstrating that urban runoff may produce detrimental effects to aquatic life, particularly in rainy season. These results highlight the relevance of monitoring nonpoint source pollution along with boosting municipal sewage treatment infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihong Xie
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Qiankun Yan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Jingjing Xiong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China; South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Huizhen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Xue Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Jing You
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
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17
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Kim M, Hong S, Cha J, Kim Y, Lee CE, An Y, Shin KH. Multimedia distributions and the fate of microcystins from freshwater discharge in the Geum River Estuary, South Korea: Applicability of POCIS for monitoring of microalgal biotoxins. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118222. [PMID: 34571464 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Here, we investigated the characteristics of the environmental multimedia distribution of microcystins (MCs) introduced from freshwater discharge through the estuary dam of the Geum River. In addition, the applicability of a passive sampling device (polar organic chemical integrative sampler, POCIS) for monitoring MCs was evaluated. Surface water, suspended solids (SS), sediments, and oysters were collected from the inner and outer estuary dam. Seven MC variants were analyzed using HPLC-MS/MS. POCIS was deployed at three sites over one week, and MCs were monitored for four weeks from August to September 2019. Before POCIS was deployed in the field, compounds-specific sampling rates of MCs were determined as functions of water temperature (10, 20, and 30 °C), flow rate (0, 0.38, and 0.76 m s-1), and salinity (0, 15, and 30 psu) in the laboratory. The sampling rates of MCs in POCIS increased significantly with increasing water temperature and flow rate, whereas salinity did not significantly affect the sampling rates between freshwater and saltwater. The MCs in the Geum River Estuary mainly existed as particulate forms (mean: 78%), with relatively low proportions of dissolved forms (mean: 22%), indicating that MCs were mainly contained in cyanobacterial cells. There was no significant correlation among the concentrations of MCs in water, SS, sediments, and oysters. Time-weighted average concentrations of MCs from POCIS were not significantly correlated with the concentrations of MCs in water and oysters. The metabolites of MCs, including MC-LR-GSH, MC-LR-Cys, MC-RR-GSH, and MC-RR-Cys, were detected in oysters (no metabolites were detected in POCIS). Overall, POCIS can be useful for monitoring dissolved MCs in the aquatic ecosystem, particularly in calculating time-weighted average concentrations, but it seems to have limitations in evaluating the contamination status of total MCs, mainly in particulate form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mungi Kim
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jihyun Cha
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngnam Kim
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Eon Lee
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonyoung An
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
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18
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Gao X, Lin Y, Li J, Xu Y, Qian Z, Lin W. Accumulation and passive sampling of bisphenol analogues using triolein-embedded cellulose acetate membrane in waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:148985. [PMID: 34329931 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol analogues (BPs) are emerging contaminants that have been widely detected in water environments. The presence of substituted hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups in the molecule may lead to unclear performance in passive sampling. This study tested the accumulation capacity and passive sampling of fifteen BPs in a triolein-embedded cellulose acetate membrane (TECAM) passive sampler. In a dynamic accumulation experiment, twelve hydrophobic BPs accumulated in the TECAM with concentrations ranging from 251 ng g-1 to 6283 ng g-1, and three hydrophilic BPs did not accumulate during the 72 h exposure duration. BPs accumulations were determined by the hydrophilic and hydrophobic substituent groups in molecule structures. The estimated passive sampling parameters showed correlations to both the log Kow values and chemical structures, and compared to other contaminants, such as organophosphorus flame retardants. Environmental factors, including flow rate, temperature, salinity, and pH, that affect the accumulation of BPs in the TECAM were tested, and the flow rate was found to be an important factor affecting the uptake rate. The isotropic exchange kinetics for BPs in the TECAM were verified, and the results indicated that BPs can be calibrated with performance reference compounds (PRCs) in field applications. Finally, a field deployment of TECAM in river waters successfully estimated the time-weighted concentrations of two hydrophobic BPs. To address the inherent weaknesses of TECAM in sampling hydrophilic and moderately hydrophobic BPs, future studies should explore alternative passive samplers, such as hydrophilic-lipophilic balance sorbent-embedded cellulose acetate membranes, to sample BPs in surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Gao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecological Remediation, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Chemistry College, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, China
| | - Yuyang Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecological Remediation, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Juying Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecological Remediation, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Yiping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhengfang Qian
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wenjie Lin
- Chemistry College, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, China
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19
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Sanganyado E, Chingono KE, Gwenzi W, Chaukura N, Liu W. Organic pollutants in deep sea: Occurrence, fate, and ecological implications. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 205:117658. [PMID: 34563929 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The deep sea - an oceanic layer below 200 m depths - has important global biogeochemical and nutrient cycling functions. It also receives organic pollutants from anthropogenic sources, which threatens the ecological function of the deep sea. In this Review, critically examined data on the distribution of organic pollutants in the deep sea to outline the role of biogeochemical and geophysical factors on the global distribution and regional chemodynamics of organic pollutants in the deep sea. We found that the contribution of deep water formation to the influx of perfluorinated compounds reached a maximum, following peak emission, faster in young deep waters (< 10 years) compared to older deep waters (> 100 years). For example, perfluorinated compounds had low concentrations (< 10 pg L-1) and vertical variations in the South Pacific Ocean where the ocean currents are old (< 1000 years). Steep geomorphologies of submarine canyons, ridges, and valleys facilitated the transport of sediments and associated organic pollutants by oceanic currents from the continental shelf to remote deep seas. In addition, we found that, even though an estimated 1.2-4.2 million metric tons of plastic debris enter the ocean through riverine discharge annually, the role of microplastics as vectors of organic pollutants (e.g., plastic monomers, additives, and attached organic pollutants) in the deep sea is often overlooked. Finally, we recommend assessing the biological effects of organic pollutants in deep sea biota, large-scale monitoring of organic pollutants, reconstructing historical emissions using sediment cores, and assessing the impact of deep-sea mining on the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmond Sanganyado
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China.
| | | | - Willis Gwenzi
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, Biosystems and Environmental Engineering Research Group, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Nhamo Chaukura
- Department of Physical and Earth Sciences, Sol Plaatje University, Kimberley, South Africa
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China
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20
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Amato ED, Pfeiffer F, Estoppey N, Subotic D, Herweyers L, Breugelmans T, Weyn M, Du Bois E, Dardenne F, Covaci A, Town RM, Blust R. Field application of a novel active-passive sampling technique for the simultaneous measurement of a wide range of contaminants in water. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 279:130598. [PMID: 33901895 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A first test of the field capabilities of a novel in situ sampling technique combining active and passive sampling (APS) was conducted in the sea. The proof-of-concept device uses a pump to draw water into a diffusion cell where dissolved target substances are accumulated onto sorbents which are selective for different classes of contaminants (i.e., metal cations, polar and non-polar organic compounds), simultaneously. A controlled laminar flow established in the diffusion cell enables measurements of contaminant concentrations that are fully independent from the hydrodynamic conditions in the bulk solution. APS measurements were consistent with those obtained using conventional passive sampling techniques such as organic diffusive gradients in thin films (o-DGT) and silicone rubber (SR) samplers (generally < 40% difference), taking into account the prevailing hydrodynamic conditions. The use of performance reference compounds (PRC) for hydrophobic contaminants provided additional information. Field measurements of metal ions in seawater showed large variability due to issues related to the device configuration. An improved field set-up deployed in supplementary freshwater mesocosm experiments provided metal speciation data that was consistent with passive sampling measurements (DGT), taking into account the hydrodynamic conditions. Overall, the results indicate that the APS technique provides a promising approach for the determination of a wide range of contaminants simultaneously, and independently from the hydrodynamic conditions in the bulk solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvio D Amato
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Fabienne Pfeiffer
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, Batochime, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Estoppey
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, Batochime, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dragan Subotic
- Internet and Data Lab (IDLab), University of Antwerp - Imec, Belgium
| | - Laure Herweyers
- Department of Product Development, Faculty of Design Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Tom Breugelmans
- Research Group Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Maarten Weyn
- Internet and Data Lab (IDLab), University of Antwerp - Imec, Belgium
| | - Els Du Bois
- Department of Product Development, Faculty of Design Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Freddy Dardenne
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Raewyn M Town
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ronny Blust
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
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21
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Jones KC. Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and Related Chemicals in the Global Environment: Some Personal Reflections. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:9400-9412. [PMID: 33615776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and related chemicals are fascinating because of their combination of physical-chemical properties and complex effects. Most are man-made, but some also have natural origins. They are persistent in the environment, but they can be broken down variously by biodegradation, atmospheric reactions, and abiotic transformations. They can exist in the gas or particle phases, or both, in the atmosphere and in the dissolved or particulate phases, or both, in water. These combinations mean that they may undergo long-range transport in the atmosphere or oceans, or they may stay close to sources. Hence, emissions from one country are frequently a source of contamination to another country. They are also usually lipophilic, so-combined with persistence-this means they can accumulate in organisms and biomagnify through food chains. We all have a baseline of POPs residues in our tissues, even the unborn fetus via placental transfer and the newly born baby via mother's milk. POPs in biological systems occur in mixtures, so confirming effects caused by POPs on humans and other top predators is never straightforward. Depending on which papers you read, POPs may be relatively benign, or they could be responsible for key subchronic and chronic effects on reproductive potential, on immune response, as carcinogens, and on a range of behavioral and cognitive end points. They could be a factor behind diseases and conditions which have been increasingly reported and studied in modern societies. In short, they are endlessly fascinating to scientists and a nightmare to regulators and policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Jones
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, U.K
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22
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Xiong J, Tan B, Ma X, Li H, You J. Tracing neonicotinoid insecticides and their transformation products from paddy field to receiving waters using polar organic chemical integrative samplers. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 413:125421. [PMID: 33611040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides are ubiquitous in surface water worldwide, yet the transportation and transformation of these compounds in aquatic environment remain unclear. In the present study, polar organic chemical integrative sampler with mixed-mode adsorbents (POCIS-MMA) was developed for simultaneously tracing environmental fate of seven neonicotinoids and 10 transformation products (TPs) from a paddy field to receiving waters in Poyang Lake basin, Jiangxi, China. All neonicotinoids (5.20 ± 0.75‒866 ± 143 ng/L) and seven TPs (116 ± 4‒334 ± 78 ng/L) were detected, demonstrating widespread occurrence of these insecticides in aquatic environment. Dinotefuran (up to 802 ± 139 ng/L) and its TP, 1-methyl-3- (tetrahydro-3-furylmethyl) guanidium dihydrogen (DN) (103 ± 4‒320 ± 76 ng/L) were the dominant neonicotinoids and TPs with mean concentrations of 200 ± 296 and 208 ± 58 ng/L, respectively. Spatial attenuation of neonicotinoids stretched downstream along the rivers, while TP concentrations firstly increased (D1‒S6) and then kept constant (S7‒S16) from upstream to downstream. Though paddy field was the main source of neonicotinoids, additional input sources downstream were identified by analyzing the composition of neonicotinoids and their TPs. Our study highlighted the applicability of POCIS-MMA passive sampling to investigate the transportation and transformation of neonicotinoids in agricultural waterways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xiong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Baoxiang Tan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Xue Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Huizhen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Jing You
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
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23
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Sobotka J, Lammel G, Slobodník J, Schink A, Prokeš R, Vrana B. Dynamic passive sampling of hydrophobic organic compounds in surface seawater along the South Atlantic Ocean east-to-west transect and across the Black Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 168:112375. [PMID: 33895394 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mapping of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in surface seawater on an east-to-west transect of the South Atlantic Ocean (SAO) and across the Black Sea (BS) in 2016 was performed by a dynamic passive sampling device containing silicone-based passive samplers. In SAO as well as in BS the measurements confirmed freely dissolved concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls, DDT and its metabolites, chlorobenzenes, cyclodiene pesticides, and brominated flame retardants in the range of units to low hundreds of pg per litre. The findings indicate that the spatial distribution of HOCs and emerging pollutants in the SAO and the BS is influenced by riverine inputs, ocean currents and atmospheric deposition from continental plumes. Observed concentration gradients indicate that eastern SAO receives DDT from sources in South Africa, whereas the emissions of endosulfan originate in South America. Elevated HOC concentrations in the northwestern BS are related to their discharge by rivers from the European continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaromír Sobotka
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/3, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gerhard Lammel
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/3, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Anne Schink
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Roman Prokeš
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/3, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Branislav Vrana
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/3, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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24
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Allan IJ, Vrana B, de Weert J, Kringstad A, Ruus A, Christensen G, Terentjev P, Green NW. Passive sampling and benchmarking to rank HOC levels in the aquatic environment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11231. [PMID: 34045522 PMCID: PMC8159932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90457-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification and prioritisation of water bodies presenting elevated levels of anthropogenic chemicals is a key aspect of environmental monitoring programmes. Albeit this is challenging owing to geographical scales, choice of indicator aquatic species used for chemical monitoring, and inherent need for an understanding of contaminant fate and distribution in the environment. Here, we propose an innovative methodology for identifying and ranking water bodies according to their levels of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in water. This is based on a unique passive sampling dataset acquired over a 10-year period with silicone rubber exposures in surface water bodies across Europe. We show with these data that, far from point sources of contamination, levels of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and pentachlorobenzene (PeCB) in water approach equilibrium with atmospheric concentrations near the air/water surface. This results in a relatively constant ratio of their concentrations in the water phase. This, in turn, allows us to (i) identify sites of contamination with either of the two chemicals when the HCB/PeCB ratio deviates from theory and (ii) define benchmark levels of other HOCs in surface water against those of HCB and/or PeCB. For two polychlorinated biphenyls (congener 28 and 52) used as model chemicals, differences in contamination levels between the more contaminated and pristine sites are wider than differences in HCB and PeCB concentrations endorsing the benchmarking procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian John Allan
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Branislav Vrana
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Alfhild Kringstad
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Ruus
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Petr Terentjev
- Institute of North Industrial Ecology Problems (INEP), Kola Science Centre, Russian Academy of Science, Apatity, Murmansk Region, Russia
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25
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Ranjbar Jafarabadi A, Mashjoor S, Riyahi Bakhtiari A, Cappello T. Ecotoxico Linking of Phthalates and Flame-Retardant Combustion Byproducts with Coral Solar Bleaching. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:5970-5983. [PMID: 33886295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Persian Gulf coral reefs are unique biota communities in the global sunbelts in being able to survive in multiple stressful fields during summertime (>36 °C). Despite the high-growth emerging health-hazard microplastic additive type of contaminants, its biological interactions with coral-algal symbiosis and/or its synergistic effects linked to solar-bleaching events remain unknown. This study investigated the bioaccumulation patterns of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) and phthalate ester (PAE) pollutants in six genera of living/bleached corals in Larak Island, Persian Gulf, and their ambient abiotic matrixes. Results showed that the levels of ∑18PBDEs and ∑13PAEs in abiotic matrixes followed the order of SPMs > surface sediments > seawater, and the cnidarian POP-uptake patterns (soft corals > hard corals) were as follows: coral mucus (138.49 ± 59.98 and 71.57 ± 47.39 ng g-1 dw) > zooxanthellae (82.05 ± 28.27 and 20.14 ± 12.65 ng g-1 dw) ≥ coral tissue (66.26 ± 21.42 and 34.97 ± 26.10 ng g-1 dw) > bleached corals (45.19 ± 8.73 and 13.83 ± 7.05 ng g-1 dw) > coral skeleton (35.66 ± 9.58 and 6.47 ± 6.47 ng g-1 dw, respectively). Overall, findings suggest that mucus checking is a key/facile diagnostic approach for fast detection of POP bioaccumulation (PB) in tropical corals. Although studied corals exhibited no consensus concerning hazardous levels of PB (log BSAF < 3.7), our bleaching evidence showed soft corals as the ultimate "summer winners" due to their flexibility/recovering ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ranjbar Jafarabadi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Mashjoor
- Marine Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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26
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Landrigan PJ, Stegeman JJ, Fleming LE, Allemand D, Anderson DM, Backer LC, Brucker-Davis F, Chevalier N, Corra L, Czerucka D, Bottein MYD, Demeneix B, Depledge M, Deheyn DD, Dorman CJ, Fénichel P, Fisher S, Gaill F, Galgani F, Gaze WH, Giuliano L, Grandjean P, Hahn ME, Hamdoun A, Hess P, Judson B, Laborde A, McGlade J, Mu J, Mustapha A, Neira M, Noble RT, Pedrotti ML, Reddy C, Rocklöv J, Scharler UM, Shanmugam H, Taghian G, van de Water JA, Vezzulli L, Weihe P, Zeka A, Raps H, Rampal P. Human Health and Ocean Pollution. Ann Glob Health 2020; 86:151. [PMID: 33354517 PMCID: PMC7731724 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.2831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pollution - unwanted waste released to air, water, and land by human activity - is the largest environmental cause of disease in the world today. It is responsible for an estimated nine million premature deaths per year, enormous economic losses, erosion of human capital, and degradation of ecosystems. Ocean pollution is an important, but insufficiently recognized and inadequately controlled component of global pollution. It poses serious threats to human health and well-being. The nature and magnitude of these impacts are only beginning to be understood. Goals (1) Broadly examine the known and potential impacts of ocean pollution on human health. (2) Inform policy makers, government leaders, international organizations, civil society, and the global public of these threats. (3) Propose priorities for interventions to control and prevent pollution of the seas and safeguard human health. Methods Topic-focused reviews that examine the effects of ocean pollution on human health, identify gaps in knowledge, project future trends, and offer evidence-based guidance for effective intervention. Environmental Findings Pollution of the oceans is widespread, worsening, and in most countries poorly controlled. It is a complex mixture of toxic metals, plastics, manufactured chemicals, petroleum, urban and industrial wastes, pesticides, fertilizers, pharmaceutical chemicals, agricultural runoff, and sewage. More than 80% arises from land-based sources. It reaches the oceans through rivers, runoff, atmospheric deposition and direct discharges. It is often heaviest near the coasts and most highly concentrated along the coasts of low- and middle-income countries. Plastic is a rapidly increasing and highly visible component of ocean pollution, and an estimated 10 million metric tons of plastic waste enter the seas each year. Mercury is the metal pollutant of greatest concern in the oceans; it is released from two main sources - coal combustion and small-scale gold mining. Global spread of industrialized agriculture with increasing use of chemical fertilizer leads to extension of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) to previously unaffected regions. Chemical pollutants are ubiquitous and contaminate seas and marine organisms from the high Arctic to the abyssal depths. Ecosystem Findings Ocean pollution has multiple negative impacts on marine ecosystems, and these impacts are exacerbated by global climate change. Petroleum-based pollutants reduce photosynthesis in marine microorganisms that generate oxygen. Increasing absorption of carbon dioxide into the seas causes ocean acidification, which destroys coral reefs, impairs shellfish development, dissolves calcium-containing microorganisms at the base of the marine food web, and increases the toxicity of some pollutants. Plastic pollution threatens marine mammals, fish, and seabirds and accumulates in large mid-ocean gyres. It breaks down into microplastic and nanoplastic particles containing multiple manufactured chemicals that can enter the tissues of marine organisms, including species consumed by humans. Industrial releases, runoff, and sewage increase frequency and severity of HABs, bacterial pollution, and anti-microbial resistance. Pollution and sea surface warming are triggering poleward migration of dangerous pathogens such as the Vibrio species. Industrial discharges, pharmaceutical wastes, pesticides, and sewage contribute to global declines in fish stocks. Human Health Findings Methylmercury and PCBs are the ocean pollutants whose human health effects are best understood. Exposures of infants in utero to these pollutants through maternal consumption of contaminated seafood can damage developing brains, reduce IQ and increase children's risks for autism, ADHD and learning disorders. Adult exposures to methylmercury increase risks for cardiovascular disease and dementia. Manufactured chemicals - phthalates, bisphenol A, flame retardants, and perfluorinated chemicals, many of them released into the seas from plastic waste - can disrupt endocrine signaling, reduce male fertility, damage the nervous system, and increase risk of cancer. HABs produce potent toxins that accumulate in fish and shellfish. When ingested, these toxins can cause severe neurological impairment and rapid death. HAB toxins can also become airborne and cause respiratory disease. Pathogenic marine bacteria cause gastrointestinal diseases and deep wound infections. With climate change and increasing pollution, risk is high that Vibrio infections, including cholera, will increase in frequency and extend to new areas. All of the health impacts of ocean pollution fall disproportionately on vulnerable populations in the Global South - environmental injustice on a planetary scale. Conclusions Ocean pollution is a global problem. It arises from multiple sources and crosses national boundaries. It is the consequence of reckless, shortsighted, and unsustainable exploitation of the earth's resources. It endangers marine ecosystems. It impedes the production of atmospheric oxygen. Its threats to human health are great and growing, but still incompletely understood. Its economic costs are only beginning to be counted.Ocean pollution can be prevented. Like all forms of pollution, ocean pollution can be controlled by deploying data-driven strategies based on law, policy, technology, and enforcement that target priority pollution sources. Many countries have used these tools to control air and water pollution and are now applying them to ocean pollution. Successes achieved to date demonstrate that broader control is feasible. Heavily polluted harbors have been cleaned, estuaries rejuvenated, and coral reefs restored.Prevention of ocean pollution creates many benefits. It boosts economies, increases tourism, helps restore fisheries, and improves human health and well-being. It advances the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). These benefits will last for centuries. Recommendations World leaders who recognize the gravity of ocean pollution, acknowledge its growing dangers, engage civil society and the global public, and take bold, evidence-based action to stop pollution at source will be critical to preventing ocean pollution and safeguarding human health.Prevention of pollution from land-based sources is key. Eliminating coal combustion and banning all uses of mercury will reduce mercury pollution. Bans on single-use plastic and better management of plastic waste reduce plastic pollution. Bans on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have reduced pollution by PCBs and DDT. Control of industrial discharges, treatment of sewage, and reduced applications of fertilizers have mitigated coastal pollution and are reducing frequency of HABs. National, regional and international marine pollution control programs that are adequately funded and backed by strong enforcement have been shown to be effective. Robust monitoring is essential to track progress.Further interventions that hold great promise include wide-scale transition to renewable fuels; transition to a circular economy that creates little waste and focuses on equity rather than on endless growth; embracing the principles of green chemistry; and building scientific capacity in all countries.Designation of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) will safeguard critical ecosystems, protect vulnerable fish stocks, and enhance human health and well-being. Creation of MPAs is an important manifestation of national and international commitment to protecting the health of the seas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John J. Stegeman
- Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, US
| | - Lora E. Fleming
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, GB
- University of Exeter Medical School, GB
| | | | - Donald M. Anderson
- Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, US
| | | | | | - Nicolas Chevalier
- Université Côte d’Azur, FR
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Inserm, C3M, FR
| | - Lilian Corra
- International Society of Doctors for the Environment (ISDE), CH
- Health and Environment of the Global Alliance on Health and Pollution (GAHP), AR
| | | | - Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein
- Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, FR
- IOC Science and Communication Centre on Harmful Algae, University of Copenhagen, DK
- Ecotoxicologie et développement durable expertise ECODD, Valbonne, FR
| | - Barbara Demeneix
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, FR
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, FR
| | | | - Dimitri D. Deheyn
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, US
| | | | - Patrick Fénichel
- Université Côte d’Azur, FR
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Inserm, C3M, FR
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark E. Hahn
- Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, US
| | | | - Philipp Hess
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation des Mers, FR
| | | | | | - Jacqueline McGlade
- Institute for Global Prosperity, University College London, GB
- Strathmore University Business School, Nairobi, KE
| | | | - Adetoun Mustapha
- Nigerian Institute for Medical Research, Lagos, NG
- Imperial College London, GB
| | | | | | | | - Christopher Reddy
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, US
| | - Joacim Rocklöv
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, SE
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pál Weihe
- University of the Faroe Islands and Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, FO
| | | | - Hervé Raps
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, MC
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Health and Sustainable Development, MC
| | - Patrick Rampal
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, MC
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Health and Sustainable Development, MC
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27
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Godere M, Mondange S, Doumenq P, Gonzalez C, Malleret L. First study of passive sampling to monitor short-chain chlorinated paraffins in water: Comparing capabilities of Chemcatcher® and silicone rubber samplers. Talanta 2020; 224:121920. [PMID: 33379121 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are high-volume chemicals raising concerns because of their classification as priority hazardous substances by the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) and their recent inclusion in the persistent organic pollutants' (POPs) list by the Stockholm convention. As this group cover up to 5000 isomers, their measurement is still challenging. Hence the SCCPs occurrence in the environment is poorly documented in comparison with other POPs, especially in matrices where they are present at ultratrace levels such as waters. In the two-past decades, passive sampling has been increasingly used as it overcomes some major drawbacks associated to the conventional grab sampling. This study constitutes the first work aiming to examine the passive sampling's applicability for the monitoring of such complex analytes' mixtures in waters. Optimization and calibration of two proven passive samplers, namely silicone rubbers and Chemcatcher®, were performed through batch and laboratory pilot experiments. Despite the thousands of molecules present in the SCCPs mixture, the resulting global kinetic uptakes fitted well with the theorical model, for both samplers. Sampling rates of 8.0 L d-1 for silicone rubbers and 0.53 L d-1 for Chemcatcher® were found, and logKsw determined for silicone rubbers equaled 4.24 to 4.95. These values are in complete agreement with published data for other HOCs. A field trial carried out in marine coastal environments provided further evidence to demonstrate the applicability of the passive samplers to measure CPs amounts in water bodies. All these results unveil that passive sampling using silicone rubbers or Chemcatcher® can be a relevant approach to track traces of such complex mixtures in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Godere
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, France
| | - Stella Mondange
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, France; Laboratoire de Génie de L'Environnement Industriel, IMT Mines Alès, 6 Avenue de Clavières, 30319, Alès, France
| | - Pierre Doumenq
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, France
| | - Catherine Gonzalez
- Laboratoire de Génie de L'Environnement Industriel, IMT Mines Alès, 6 Avenue de Clavières, 30319, Alès, France
| | - Laure Malleret
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, France; Laboratoire de Génie de L'Environnement Industriel, IMT Mines Alès, 6 Avenue de Clavières, 30319, Alès, France.
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Oliver M, Adrover M, Frontera A, Ortega-Castro J, Miró M. In-vitro prediction of the membranotropic action of emerging organic contaminants using a liposome-based multidisciplinary approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 738:140096. [PMID: 32806372 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
According to ISO 17402:2008 more knowledge is needed on processes controlling bioavailability of organic species so as to close the still existing gap between chemical measurements and biological effects. The bioavailability concept encompasses the investigation of the degree of penetration of target species across biological membranes. In addition, REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and restriction of Chemicals) guidelines promote the use of in-vitro methods against conventional ecotoxicological tests because of the ethical controversy of in-vivo tests. This work is aimed at filling the gap by proposing a multidisciplinary approach based on high-resolution and low-resolution empirical techniques, and theoretical quantum mechanics for the in-vitro investigation of the bioavailability and membranotropic effects of organic emerging contaminants, including bioaccumulation, via passive diffusion across lipid bilayers. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes are selected as biomembrane surrogates, and contaminant effects are explored by (i) fluorescence anisotropy and generalized polarization assays using membrane fluorescence probes (laurdan and prodan) and UV-Vis spectroscopy, (ii) 1H NMR measurements to ascertain supramolecular interactions with PC and (iii) molecular dynamics simulations. In particular, un-regulated model compounds with distinct physico-chemical properties that are representative of three different classes of emerging contaminants in environmental compartments are chosen for validation of the holistic approach: (i) diclofenac as a model of anti-inflammatory drug; (ii) triclosan as an anti-microbial agent; and (iii) bisphenol A as a plastic-borne compound, and compared with chlorpyrifos as a legacy insecticide. Laurdan anisotropic measurements are in good agreement with 1H NMR data and both approaches pinpoint that triclosan and chlorpyrifos are highly bioaccumulative in membranes. Molecular dynamic studies indicate that the lateral diffusion of the lipid bilayer is much lower with the incorporation of either triclosan or chlorpyrifos into the bilayer. The theoretical simulations also allowed estimating absolute bioavailability data under passive diffusion (<0.1%, 63%, 73% and 89% for diclofenac, bisphenol A, triclosan and chlorpyrifos, respectively) given as the percentage of time that a given species is located in the region of the fatty acyl chains. Our findings indicate that PC-based liposome assays serve as a fast and cost-effective in-vitro approach, notwithstanding its low resolution features, for environmental bioavailability studies of emerging contaminants for which insufficient or inconsistent ecotoxicological data are identified in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Oliver
- FI-TRACE Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miquel Adrover
- REACMOL Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- SUPRAMOL Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Joaquín Ortega-Castro
- REACMOL Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Manuel Miró
- FI-TRACE Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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Xiong J, Li H, Ma X, Tan B, You J. A new configuration of polar organic chemical integrative sampler with nylon membranes to monitor emerging organophosphate ester contaminants in urban surface water. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 202:110891. [PMID: 32593097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate ester contaminants, including organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) and organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are ubiquitous in surface water and pose a significant risk to aquatic organisms, thus it is important to develop effective methods for long-term monitoring of these emerging compounds. Polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) has become a promising monitoring tool for waterborne contaminants, yet recent studies found that the commonly used polyethersulfone (PES) membrane strongly sorbed some moderately hydrophobic compounds, resulting in long lag-phase for chemical accumulation in POCIS. In the present study, 0.45-μm nylon membranes was selected as POCIS diffusion-limiting membrane to design a new POCIS-Nylon configuration for analyzing moderately hydrophobic OPPs and OPFRs in water. The POCIS-Nylon had negligible lag-phase due to low sorption of OPPs and OPFRs to nylon membrane. Meanwhile, linear accumulation time and sensitivity for target contaminants using POCIS-Nylon retained similar to the traditional POCIS. Water velocity and chemical concentration had little impact on sampling rate (Rs), validating that the POCIS-Nylon was suitable for various water conditions. Finally, the occurrence of OPPs and OPFRs in urban waterways of Guangzhou, China was evaluated using the POCIS-Nylon with Rs values that were calibrated in the laboratory. The average concentration of OPPs was 4.97 ± 1.35 ng/L (range: 2.64 ± 1.28-6.54 ± 0.18 ng/L) and the average concentration of OPFRs was 400 ± 88 ng/L (range: 316 ± 24-615 ± 36 ng/L) across nine sampling sites. The present study provides a way to resolve the inherent challenge of accumulating hydrophobic substances by POCIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xiong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Huizhen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Xue Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Baoxiang Tan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Jing You
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
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Li Y, Lohmann R, Zou X, Wang C, Zhang L. Air-water exchange and distribution pattern of organochlorine pesticides in the atmosphere and surface water of the open Pacific ocean. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114956. [PMID: 32806399 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Surface seawater and lower atmosphere gas samples were collected simultaneously between 18°N and 40°S in the open Pacific Ocean in 2006-2007. Samples were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) to assess their distribution patterns, the role of ocean in the long-range transport (LRT), and the air-water exchange directions in the open Pacific Ocean. Such open ocean studies can yield useful information such as establishing temporal and spatial trends and assessing primary vs secondary emissions of legacy OCPs. Target compounds included hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) and its derivatives, and chlordane compounds. Concentrations for α-HCH, γ-HCH, trans-chlordane (TC), and cis-chlordane (CC) were higher in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) than the Southern Hemisphere (SH) in both gaseous and dissolved phases, while the distribution patterns of DDTs and heptachlor exo-epoxide (HEPX) showed a reversed pattern. In the N Pacific, concentrations of α-HCH and γ-HCH in the present work were lower by 63 and 16 times than those observed in 1989-1990. The distribution patterns of DDT suggested there was usage in the SH around 2006. Calculated fugacity ratios suggested that γ-HCH was volatilizing from surface water to the atmosphere, and the air-water exchange fluxes were 0.3-11.1 ng m-2 day-1. This is the first field study that reported the open Pacific Ocean has become the secondary source for γ-HCH and implied that ocean could affect LRT of OCPs by supplying these compounds via air-sea exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sun University, Zhuhai, 519082, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Coastal and Island Development, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, 519080, China; Department of Physical and Environmental Science, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 78412, USA
| | - Rainer Lohmann
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA
| | - Xinqing Zou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Coastal and Island Development, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Coastal and Island Development, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Physical and Environmental Science, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 78412, USA.
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Zhang X, Robson M, Jobst K, Pena-Abaurrea M, Muscalu A, Chaudhuri S, Marvin C, Brindle ID, Reiner EJ, Helm P. Halogenated organic contaminants of concern in urban-influenced waters of Lake Ontario, Canada: Passive sampling with targeted and non-targeted screening. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 264:114733. [PMID: 32417577 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Passive samplers are useful tools for monitoring hydrophobic, persistent, and potentially bioaccumulative contaminants in the environment. In this study, low density polyethylene passive samplers were deployed in urban-influenced and background nearshore freshwaters of northwestern Lake Ontario and analyzed for a broad range of both legacy halogenated organic contaminants (HOCs) and halogenated flame retardants (HFRs). Non-targeted analysis was conducted for screening additional halogenated substances. For most compounds, concentrations were greatest in the industrialized Hamilton Harbour and more generally at sites that have stronger influences of wastewater effluent discharges and stormwater run-off through rivers and creeks. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) remain the dominant class of HOCs in water, with dissolved-phase concentrations ranging from 10 to 4100 pg/L (ΣPCBs), followed by polybrominated diphenylethers (ΣPBDEs; 14-960 pg/L) and the organochlorine pesticides (OCPs; 22-290 pg/L). Several non-PBDE brominated flame retardants (nBFRs) and chlorinated Dechlorane-related compounds were detected, with hexabromocyclododecanes (ΣHBCDD; sum of 3 diastereoisomers) the most abundant (1.0-21 pg/L). Non-targeted screening of samples by high resolution mass spectrometry using Kendrick mass defect plots for data analysis indicated that several other halogenated compounds were present in waters at relatively high abundances compared to the flame retardants, based on semi-quantitative estimates. These included methyl-triclosan, four halogenated anisoles (2,4,6-tribromoanisole, dimethyl-trichloroanisole, pentachloroanisole, and pentachlorothioanisole), and pentachloro-aniline. Dissolved-phase methyl-triclosan was estimated to contribute up to approximately 40% of the summed target HOC concentrations. Polyethylene passive samplers provided an excellent medium for both non-targeted screening of HOCs not currently included in monitoring programs and tracking brominated and chlorinated chemicals slated for reductions in uses and emissions through international (Stockholm Convention) and binational (Great Lakes) agreements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianming Zhang
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservations and Parks, Toronto, Ontario, M9P 3V6, Canada.
| | - Matthew Robson
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservations and Parks, Toronto, Ontario, M9P 3V6, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Karl Jobst
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservations and Parks, Toronto, Ontario, M9P 3V6, Canada
| | - Miren Pena-Abaurrea
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservations and Parks, Toronto, Ontario, M9P 3V6, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Alina Muscalu
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservations and Parks, Toronto, Ontario, M9P 3V6, Canada
| | - Sri Chaudhuri
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservations and Parks, Toronto, Ontario, M9P 3V6, Canada
| | - Chris Marvin
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Ian D Brindle
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Eric J Reiner
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservations and Parks, Toronto, Ontario, M9P 3V6, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Paul Helm
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservations and Parks, Toronto, Ontario, M9P 3V6, Canada; School for the Environment, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E8, Canada
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Gao X, Xu Y, Ma M, Huang Q, Gabrielsen GW, Hallanger I, Rao K, Lu Z, Wang Z. Distribution, sources and transport of organophosphorus flame retardants in the water and sediment of Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, the Arctic. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 264:114792. [PMID: 32434112 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) are contaminants of emerging concern which have been detected globally. However, little information on PFRs in the Arctic freshwater environment is currently available. In this study, both hydrophilic and hydrophobic PFRs in the water and sediment of four areas (town, surroundings, coastal marine water, and glacier melt runoff) near Ny-Ålesund Svalbard were investigated by time-integrated passive sampling (water) and grab sampling (sediment). Seven kinds of PFRs were found in the Arctic waters with individual freely dissolved concentrations from 0.007 ng L-1 to 355 ng L-1, and the concentrations of chlorinated PFRs were 3-4 orders of magnitude higher than those of non-chlorinated PFRs. The distribution of different PFRs in freshwater showed significant spatial differences among the different areas, and the town was found to have most kinds of PFRs and highest PFRs concentrations. The sources and transport of different kinds of PFRs were explored based on a spatial overlay analysis of the contaminant distributions, environmental conditions, and PFR applications. As a result, human settlements, industrial activities, atmospheric deposition, and transportation in Ny-Ålesund were proposed to be related to the pollution of different PFRs at Ny-Ålesund. The PFRs in the inshore marine water were found to be affected by both local ship contamination and ocean current transport. Furthermore, nine PFRs were detected in the sediments of Ny-Ålesund. Accumulation of different PFRs in the Arctic sediment was found to be dominated by their physico-chemical properties (polarity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecological Remediation, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yiping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Mei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Qinghui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | | | | | - Kaifeng Rao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zhibo Lu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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Wu L, Wang R, Huang CL, Wu CC, Wong CS, Bao LJ, Zeng EY. Impact of passive sampler protection apparatus on sediment porewater profiles of hydrophobic organic compounds. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126534. [PMID: 32224359 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Passive sampling techniques have been widely used to determine the dissolved concentration profiles of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in sediment porewater. However, the effects of having a protection for the passive sampler on profiling HOCs concentrations in sediment porewater, especially in deep sediment, have remained unclear. To address this issue, low density polyethylene passive samplers with and without protectors, which consisted of glass fiber filter and porous stainless steel shield, were simultaneously deployed in sediment of the Dongjiang River, South China. The results showed that the protectors retarded the dissipation of performance reference compounds (PRCs) from the sampler by a factor of 2-9. The protectors seemed to exert a negligible effect on the measured concentrations of PAHs, BDE-47, and BDE-99 in surficial sediment porewater (0-14 cm depth) from both samplers. However, the sediment porewater concentration profiles of PAHs and BDE-47 from the sampler with protectors were in agreement with those normalized by dry weight in deep sediment (16-34 cm depth), indicating that a diffusion layer established by the protectors may minimize the probability of local depletion of the target analytes in deep sediment. In addition, the log Koc values of PAHs, BDE-47, and BDE-99 exhibited a slight increasing trend with sediment depth. This finding suggested that in situ passive sampling techniques could be a feasible tool in determining the site-specific log Koc values of HOCs at different sediment depths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Chun-Li Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Chen-Chou Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Charles S Wong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China; Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA
| | - Lian-Jun Bao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
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Bidleman TF, Andersson A, Haglund P, Tysklind M. Will Climate Change Influence Production and Environmental Pathways of Halogenated Natural Products? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:6468-6485. [PMID: 32364720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thousands of halogenated natural products (HNPs) pervade the terrestrial and marine environment. HNPs are generated by biotic and abiotic processes and range in complexity from low molecular mass natural halocarbons (nHCs, mostly halomethanes and haloethanes) to compounds of higher molecular mass which often contain oxygen and/or nitrogen atoms in addition to halogens (hHNPs). nHCs have a key role in regulating tropospheric and stratospheric ozone, while some hHNPs bioaccumulate and have toxic properties similar those of anthropogenic-persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Both chemical classes have common sources: biosynthesis by marine bacteria, phytoplankton, macroalgae, and some invertebrate animals, and both may be similarly impacted by alteration of production and transport pathways in a changing climate. The nHCs scientific community is advanced in investigating sources, atmospheric and oceanic transport, and forecasting climate change impacts through modeling. By contrast, these activities are nascent or nonexistent for hHNPs. The goals of this paper are to (1) review production, sources, distribution, and transport pathways of nHCs and hHNPs through water and air, pointing out areas of commonality, (2) by analogy to nHCs, argue that climate change may alter these factors for hHNPs, and (3) suggest steps to improve linkage between nHCs and hHNPs science to better understand and predict climate change impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry F Bidleman
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University (UmU), SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Agneta Andersson
- Department of Ecology & Environmental Science, UmU, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Marine Sciences Centre, UmU, SE-905 71 Hörnefors, Sweden
| | - Peter Haglund
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University (UmU), SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mats Tysklind
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University (UmU), SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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35
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Lei P, Zhu J, Pan K, Zhang H. Sorption kinetics of parent and substituted PAHs for low-density polyethylene (LDPE): Determining their partition coefficients between LDPE and water (K LDPE) for passive sampling. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 87:349-360. [PMID: 31791508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) has been widely used as a sorbent for passive sampling of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in aquatic environments. However, it has seen only limited application in passive sampling for measurement of freely dissolved concentrations of parent and substituted PAHs (SPAHs), which are known to be toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic. Here, the 16 priority PAHs and some typical PAHs were selected as target compounds and were simultaneously determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Some batch experiments were conducted in the laboratory to explore the adsorption kinetics of the target compounds in LDPE membranes. The results showed that both PAHs and SPAHs could reach equilibrium status within 19-38 days in sorption kinetic experiments. The coefficients of partitioning between LDPE film (50 μm thickness) and water (KLDPE) for the 16 priority PAHs were in good agreement with previously reported values, and the values of KLDPE for the 9 SPAHs are reported in this study for the first time. Significant linear relationships were observed, i.e., log KLDPE = 0.705 × log KOW + 1.534 for PAHs (R2 = 0.8361, p < 0.001) and log KLDPE = 0.458 × log KOW + 3.092 for SPAHs (R2 = 0.5609, p = 0.0077). The selected LDPE film was also proven to meet the condition of "zero sink" for the selected target compounds. These results could provide basic support for the configuration and in situ application of passive samplers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jinjie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ke Pan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Sun H, Yang X, Li X, Jin X. Development of predictive models for silicone rubber-water partition coefficients of hydrophobic organic contaminants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2019; 21:2020-2030. [PMID: 31589229 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00343f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The silicone rubber passive sampling technique is extensively applied to monitor the aqueous freely dissolved concentration of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs). The silicone rubber-water partition coefficient (Ksrw) is an important parameter to accurately measure the concentrations of chemicals using passive sampling devices. In this study, two theoretical linear solvation energy relationship (TLSER) models and a quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) model were developed for predicting the Ksrw of HOCs. The 119 model compounds studied here included 31 personal care products, such as musks, UV-filters, and organophosphate flame retardants, as well as "conventional" pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls. The statistical parameters indicated that the final QSPR model with seven descriptors for all 119 chemicals had a satisfactory goodness-of-fit (Radj2 = 0.898), robustness (QLOO2 = 0.881) and predictive ability (Qext-F1,2,32 = 0.897-0.926). In comparison, the results of one TLSER model with four descriptors for 113 chemicals (Radj2 = 0.826, QLOO2 = 0.790, Qext-F1,2,32 = 0.805-0.837) and another TLSER model with one descriptor for 5 chemicals (Radj2 = 0.747, QLOO2 = 0.647) were also acceptable. The applicability domains of the obtained models covered chemicals containing hydroxyl, imino groups, carbonyl groups, ether bonds, halogen atoms, sulfur atoms, phosphorus atoms, nitro groups, and cyano groups. In addition, the structural features governing the partition behavior of chemicals between silicone rubber and water were explored through interpretation of appropriate mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichao Sun
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China.
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Amato ED, Nguyen DT, Subotic D, Hereijgers J, Breugelmans T, Weyn M, Dardenne F, Bervoets L, Covaci A, Town RM, Blust R. Characterization of the accumulation of metals and organic contaminants on a novel active-passive sampling device under controlled water flow conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 236:124400. [PMID: 31545200 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a new sampling device combining active and passive sampling (APS) was developed for the measurement of time-averaged concentrations of metal species and both polar and non-polar organic contaminants in water. By coupling a diffusion cell (loaded with a set of sorbents selective for different substances) with a small pump and a flow meter, the APS device is able to perform in situ measurements that are independent of the hydrodynamic conditions in the exposure medium. In the present study, the diffusion layer thickness (δ) at the sorbent/solution interface within the diffusion cell was characterised under controlled flow conditions. Laboratory tests indicated that, in the range of flow rates investigated, the average diffusion layer thickness (δ¯) varied from ∼60 to ∼110 μm, depending on the type of substance measured and the position of the sorbent with respect to the flow direction. Due to its ability to maintain an approximately constant δ¯, good to excellent agreement was found between measurements performed with the APS device in non-complexing media and concentrations measured in discrete water samples for all the substances investigated. These results suggest that the APS device could overcome issues affecting the quantitative interpretation of measurements by conventional passive sampling devices and serve as a useful tool for simultaneously monitoring a wide range of contaminants in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvio D Amato
- Systemic, Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Dung T Nguyen
- Systemic, Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dragan Subotic
- Internet and Data Lab (IDLab), University of Antwerp - imec, Belgium
| | - Jonas Hereijgers
- Research Group Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Tom Breugelmans
- Research Group Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Maarten Weyn
- Internet and Data Lab (IDLab), University of Antwerp - imec, Belgium
| | - Freddy Dardenne
- Systemic, Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lieven Bervoets
- Systemic, Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Raewyn M Town
- Systemic, Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ronny Blust
- Systemic, Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
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Taylor AC, Fones GR, Vrana B, Mills GA. Applications for Passive Sampling of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Water—A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 51:20-54. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1675043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam C. Taylor
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Gary R. Fones
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Branislav Vrana
- Faculty of Science, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Graham A. Mills
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
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Gao X, Xu Y, Ma M, Rao K, Wang Z. Simultaneous passive sampling of hydrophilic and hydrophobic emerging organic contaminants in water. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 178:25-32. [PMID: 30986629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Passive sampling techniques have been considered robust tools for monitoring freely dissolved concentrations of contaminants in aquatic systems. However, few passive samplers are currently available for the simultaneous sampling of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic chemicals. In this study, we developed a novel passive sampler (a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance sorbent-embedded cellulose acetate membrane (HECAM)) for estimating the time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic organic contaminants in water. In our laboratorial controlled dynamic experiments, the accumulation results of thirty-seven target chemicals (including organophosphorus flame retardants, phenols, estrogens, organophosphorus pesticides, and triazine herbicides) with a wide polarity range (1.44 < log Kow < 9.49) in the HECAM followed first-order kinetics well, and the passive sampling parameters were estimated successfully. The estimated sampling rates for the target chemicals in the HECAM ranged from 0.14 to 6.90 L d-1 in the laboratory experiment, and the log Ksw (equilibrium partition coefficient between the sampler and water) values ranged from 2.75 to 6.00. The HECAM exhibited high sampling rate for moderately hydrophilic and moderately hydrophobic chemicals. The field validation study in an urban river resulted in the detection of four target chemicals (tris(chloroisopropyl)phosphate, tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl)phosphate, prometryn, and 4-tert-octylphenol) by the HECAM at estimated TWA concentrations of 10.9-179.5 ng L-1, which were in agreement with the measured levels found in traditional grab samples by solid-phase extraction. In summary, both the laboratory tests and field deployment showed practicable results for the HECAM passive sampling, which suggests that it is an efficient approach for simultaneous monitoring of hydrophilic and hydrophobic organic contaminants in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yiping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Mei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Kaifeng Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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Zhao W, Chen H, Wang J, Zhang M, Chen K, Guo Y, Ke H, Huang W, Liu L, Yang S, Cai M. Current Status, Challenges, and Policy Recommendations of China's Marine Monitoring Systems for Coastal Persistent Organic Pollution Based on Experts' Questionnaire Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3083. [PMID: 31450650 PMCID: PMC6747340 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) monitoring and management in typical semi-enclosed bays is a major global environmental issue. This study concentrated on a questionnaire survey and analysis of marine environmental management and monitoring departments at all levels in China, and proposed suggestions on the construction and improvement of POPs monitoring and management system. Results show that POPs are initially involved in China's current marine environmental monitoring system, and the monitoring strength and capability still need to be continuously improved, mainly in the recognition, funding input, relevant standards, monitoring, and evaluation technical regulations of marine environmental POPs monitoring. Therefore, in order to gradually improve the monitoring and management system of China's offshore marine environment POPs, this study suggests starting from four directions: (1) Building POPs monitoring system of a marine ecological environment, and strengthening POPs monitoring in different environmental media; (2) strengthening land-based POPs emission and the related human activities' intensity survey, and establishing a POPs information sharing database; (3) optimizing POPs monitoring technology in the marine environment, and improving POPs supervision and management technical support system; and (4) participating in regional and international marine environment POPs monitoring and evaluation projects, and strengthening the construction of talent teams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlu Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Huorong Chen
- Monitoring Center of Marine Environment and Fisheries Resources of Fujian, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Biological Technology, Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Mingyu Zhang
- College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Coastal and Ocean Management Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yali Guo
- College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Coastal and Ocean Management Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hongwei Ke
- College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wenyi Huang
- College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- East Sea Marine Environmental Investigating and Surveying Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Lihua Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shengyun Yang
- College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Minggang Cai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
- College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
- Coastal and Ocean Management Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Brooks BW, Conkle JL. Commentary: Perspectives on aquaculture, urbanization and water quality. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 217:1-4. [PMID: 30496833 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aquaculture presents essential opportunities to meet global food security needs, but adverse effects of aquaculture practices on ecological integrity and influences of existing waste management infrastructure on product safety must be understood in rapidly expanding urban and peri-urban regions. Concentration of, access to and use of chemical products is increasing in many urban areas faster than interventions are being implemented. Aquaculture farming is employing "non-traditional" (e.g., treated or untreated sewage) waters in some regions, but the spatial extent of these intentional or de facto water reuse practices with associated water quality and food safety systems are poorly understood around the world. Integrative water reuse, aquaculture product safety, ecological and public health research and advanced surveillance systems are needed. Such efforts appear particularly important because noncommunicable diseases are increasing and pollution is now recognized as one of the major global health threats, particularly in lower and middle income countries. Here we provide some modest perspectives and identify several research needs to support more sustainable aquaculture practices while protecting public health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biomedical Studies, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Jeremy L Conkle
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
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Lindo-Atichati D, Montero P, Rodil R, Quintana JB, Miró M. Modeling Dispersal of UV Filters in Estuaries. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:1353-1363. [PMID: 30632364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lagrangian ocean analysis, where virtual parcels of water are tracked through hydrodynamic fields, provides an increasingly popular framework to predict the dispersal of water parcels carrying particles and chemicals. We conduct the first direct test of Lagrangian predictions for emerging contaminants using (1) the latitude, longitude, depth, sampling date, and concentrations of UV filters in raft cultured mussel ( Mytilus galloprovincialis) of the estuary Ria de Arousa, Spain (42.5°N, 8.9°W); (2) a hydrodynamic numerical model at 300 m spatial resolution; and (3) a Lagrangian dispersion scheme to trace polluted water parcels back to pollution sources. The expected dispersal distances (mean ± SD) are 2 ± 1 km and the expected dispersal times (mean ± SD) are 6 ± 2 h. Remarkably, the probability of dispersal of UV filters from potential sources to rafts decreases 5-fold over 5 km. In addition to predicting dispersal pathways and times, this study also provides a framework for quantitative investigations of concentrations of emerging contaminants and source apportionment using turbulent diffusion. In the coastline, the ranges of predicted concentrations of the UV-filters 4-methylbenzylidene-camphor, octocrylene, and benzophenone-4 are 3.2 × 10-4 to 0.023 ng/mL, 2.3 × 10-5 to 0.009 ng/mL, and 5.6 × 10-4 to 0.013 ng/mL, respectively. At the outfalls of urban wastewater treatment plants these respective ranges increase to 8.9 × 10-4 to 0.07 ng/mL, 6.2 × 10-5 to 0.027 ng/mL, and 1.6 × 10-3 to 0.040 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lindo-Atichati
- Department of Engineering and Environmental Science , The City University of New York , Staten Island , New York 10314 , United States
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences , American Museum of Natural History , New York , New York 10024 , United States
- Department of Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering , Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution , Woods Hole , Massachusetts 02543 , United States
| | - Pedro Montero
- INTECMAR , Xunta de Galicia , Vilagarcía de Arousa s/n, 36611 , Spain
| | - Rosario Rodil
- Department of Analytical Chemistry , University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela 15782 , Spain
| | - José Benito Quintana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry , University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela 15782 , Spain
| | - Manuel Miró
- FI-TRACE group, Department of Chemistry , University of the Balearic Islands , Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5 , E-07122 Palma de Mallorca , Spain
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Xiong J, Wang Z, Ma X, Li H, You J. Occurrence and risk of neonicotinoid insecticides in surface water in a rapidly developing region: Application of polar organic chemical integrative samplers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 648:1305-1312. [PMID: 30340276 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Extensive use of neonicotinoid insecticides (NNIs) worldwide calls for further knowledge on their environmental occurrence and risk. The present study highlighted the need for more research on long-term exposure of NNIs in aquatic environment, which is important but remains elusive. Time weighted average concentrations of five commonly used NNIs in urban waterways of Guangzhou, China were measured using newly developed polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS). Acetamiprid (from 18.8 ± 1.9 to 157 ± 31 ng/L; mean ± standard deviation), clothianidin (from 14.8 ± 3.7 to 47.6 ± 10.0 ng/L) and imidacloprid (from 32.9 ± 11.6 to 249 ± 19 ng/L) were detectable in all samples. Thiamethoxam was found at 71.4% of the 21 sampling sites (from not detected to 52.4 ± 9.4 ng/L), while thiacloprid was not detected at any site. Vegetable planting and sewage effluent were the main sources of NNIs in surface water in Guangzhou. Probabilistic environmental exposure distributions were subsequently constructed using the measured concentrations and the exceedances of predicted environmental concentrations of NNI to ecological thresholds were assessed. In Guangzhou, 63.5%, 16.2%, 87.8% and 17.2% of acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, respectively, exceeded an interim chronic threshold of 35 ng/L for NNIs. Further risk assessment and control measures for the use of NNIs are advocated for protecting the integrity of aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xiong
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xue Ma
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Huizhen Li
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jing You
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Wei M, Yang X, Watson P, Yang F, Liu H. A cyclodextrin polymer membrane-based passive sampler for measuring triclocarban, triclosan and methyl triclosan in rivers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 648:109-115. [PMID: 30114582 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, extensive attention has been paid to the passive sampling technology of diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) due to its growing application in the measurement of a widening variety of compounds. Within any DGT device, the binding phase is a key component, and seeking novel binding phases is an issue worth studying. Cyclodextrin polymer, as a green and eco-friendly material, may be a good choice for measuring organic chemicals. In this study, a novel DGT sampler with cyclodextrin polymer membrane (CDPM) as the binding phase was developed for measuring the concentrations of triclosan, triclocarban and methyl triclosan. Firstly, the type and content of cyclodextrin used in CDPM was optimized, and a series of tests showed that CDPM had good hydrophilicity, thermal stability, fast uptake rate and sufficient uptake capacity, thus CDPM was determined to be suitable for use as the binding phase of DGT sampler. Moreover, the sampling rates of this DGT sampler were not influenced by ionic strength and dissolved organic matter, making it feasible for in situ monitoring of compounds in the field. Hence, we deployed the developed DGT sampler in the Qinhuai and Jiuxiang Rivers to measure the concentrations of three compounds. We also collected water samples and processed them with the solid phase extraction (SPE) method. Results indicated that there was no significant difference between the DGT-measured and the SPE-measured concentrations for each compound, which confirmed the reliability of this DGT sampler for monitoring the concentrations of compounds in natural waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengbi Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xianhai Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peter Watson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06268, CT, United States
| | - Feifei Yang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06268, CT, United States
| | - Huihui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Lao W, Maruya KA, Tsukada D. An exponential model based new approach for correcting aqueous concentrations of hydrophobic organic chemicals measured by polyethylene passive samplers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 646:11-18. [PMID: 30041043 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although low density polyethylene (PE) passive samplers show promise for the measurement of aqueous phase hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs), the lack of a practical and unsophisticated approach to account for non-equilibrium exposure conditions has impeded widespread acceptance and thus application in situ. The goal of this study was to develop a streamlined approach based on an exponential model and a convection mass transfer principle for correcting aqueous concentrations for HOCs deduced by PE samplers under non-equilibrium conditions. First, uptake rate constants (k1), elimination rate constants (k2), and seawater-PE equilibrium partition coefficients (KPEWs) were determined in laboratory experiments for a diverse suite of HOCs with logKow range of 3.4-8.3. Linear relationships between log k2 and logKow, and between log KPEW and logKow were established. Second, PE samplers pre-loaded with 13C-labeled performance reference compounds (PRCs) were deployed in the ocean to determine their k2in situ. By applying boundary layer and convection mass transfer theories, ratio (C) of k2 values in field and laboratory exposures was estimated. This C value was demonstrated a constant that was only determined by water velocities and widths of PE strips. A generic equation with C and logKow as parameters was eventually established for extrapolation of non-equilibrium correction factors for the water boundary layer-controlled HOCs. Characterizing the hydrodynamic conditions indicated the sampler configuration and mooring mode should aim at sustaining laminar flow on the PE surface for optimal mass transfer. The PE estimates corrected using this novel approach possessed high accuracy and acceptable precision, and can be suited for a broad spectrum of HOCs. The presented method should facilitate routine utilization of the PE samplers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Lao
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, USA.
| | - Keith A Maruya
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, USA
| | - David Tsukada
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, USA
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46
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Gao X, Huang C, Rao K, Xu Y, Huang Q, Wang F, Ma M, Wang Z. Occurrences, sources, and transport of hydrophobic organic contaminants in the waters of Fildes Peninsula, Antarctica. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 241:950-958. [PMID: 30029329 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As a pristine continent, Antarctica provides a good opportunity to study the spatial transport and temporal accumulation of environmental contaminants and the impacts of anthropogenic activities, both of which have given rise to ongoing public concern. In this research, an approach of coupling aquatic time-integrated passive sampling with chemical analysis and bioassays was used to assess pollution by hydrophobic organic contaminants in Antarctic waters. Passive samplers were deployed in waters of Fildes Peninsula, Antarctica, and their extracts were used for chemical analyses of sixty-six hydrophobic organic contaminants belonging to five groups [organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs), phthalic acid esters (PAEs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)] and in vitro bioassays for endocrine disruption and genotoxicity. In total, twenty pollutants (six PFRs, one PAE, two PAHs, six OCPs, and five PCBs) were quantified, and six PFRs had concentrations that ranged from ND (not detected) to 44.37 ng L-1 in Antarctic waters. The concentrations detected in the waters were generally low and insufficient to have significant in vitro endocrine disruption potential or genotoxicity. The source and transport pathways of PFRs and PAE in Fildes Peninsula were studied, and multiple local sources (wastewater, air traffic, research stations, and animal feces) for different PFRs were proposed. A spatial and temporal analysis showed slight changes in the exposure of OCPs and PCBs in Antarctic waters. Furthermore, a comparison among a variety of Antarctic water sampling cases revealed that passive sampling can be a tool for aquatic time-integrated investigations in polar regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaifeng Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yiping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Qinghui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Mei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Furley TH, Brodeur J, Silva de Assis HC, Carriquiriborde P, Chagas KR, Corrales J, Denadai M, Fuchs J, Mascarenhas R, Miglioranza KSB, Miguez Caramés DM, Navas JM, Nugegoda D, Planes E, Rodriguez‐Jorquera IA, Orozco‐Medina M, Boxall ABA, Rudd MA, Brooks BW. Toward sustainable environmental quality: Identifying priority research questions for Latin America. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2018; 14:344-357. [PMID: 29469193 PMCID: PMC5947661 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The Global Horizon Scanning Project (GHSP) is an innovative initiative that aims to identify important global environmental quality research needs. Here we report 20 key research questions from Latin America (LA). Members of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) LA and other scientists from LA were asked to submit research questions that would represent priority needs to address in the region. One hundred questions were received, then partitioned among categories, examined, and some rearranged during a workshop in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Twenty priority research questions were subsequently identified. These research questions included developing, improving, and harmonizing across LA countries methods for 1) identifying contaminants and degradation products in complex matrices (including biota); 2) advancing prediction of contaminant risks and effects in ecosystems, addressing lab-to-field extrapolation challenges, and understanding complexities of multiple stressors (including chemicals and climate change); and 3) improving management and regulatory tools toward achieving sustainable development. Whereas environmental contaminants frequently identified in these key questions were pesticides, pharmaceuticals, endocrine disruptors or modulators, plastics, and nanomaterials, commonly identified environmental challenges were related to agriculture, urban effluents, solid wastes, pulp and paper mills, and natural extraction activities. Several interesting research topics included assessing and preventing pollution impacts on conservation protected areas, integrating environment and health assessments, and developing strategies for identification, substitution, and design of less hazardous chemicals (e.g., green chemistry). Finally, a recurrent research need included developing an understanding of differential sensitivity of regional species and ecosystems to environmental contaminants and other stressors. Addressing these critical questions will support development of long-term strategic research efforts to advance more sustainable environmental quality and protect public health and the environment in LA. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2018;14:344-357. © 2018 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie Brodeur
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales (CIRN)Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | | | | | | | - Jone Corrales
- Department of Environmental ScienceBaylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
| | - Marina Denadai
- Department of ChemistryFederal University of São CarlosSão CarlosBrazil
| | - Julio Fuchs
- IQUIBICEN‐CONICETUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
| | | | | | - Diana Margarita Miguez Caramés
- Laboratorio Ecotoxicología y Contaminación Ambiental, IIMyC, CONICET‐UNMDPArgentina
- Laboratorio Tecnológico del Uruguay (LATU)MontevideoUruguay
| | | | | | - Estela Planes
- National Institute of Industrial TechnologyChemistry CenterBuenos AiresArgentina
| | | | | | | | - Murray A Rudd
- Department of Environmental SciencesEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental ScienceBaylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
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48
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Brumovský M, Bečanová J, Karásková P, Nizzetto L. Retention performance of three widely used SPE sorbents for the extraction of perfluoroalkyl substances from seawater. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 193:259-269. [PMID: 29145087 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Some per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been detected ubiquitously in the environment. Owing to the polar character conferred by the presence of the carboxylic or sulfonic acid groups and their resistance to degradation, aquatic environments became their major reservoirs, including marine waters. The procedure of PFAS analysis in aqueous matrices consists usually of solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Moreover, passive sampling approach using various SPE sorbents may be applied. This study deals with the assessment of retention characteristics of a selected group of PFASs in marine water on three sorbent media widely used in SPE or passive sampling techniques. The influence of type of sorbent, matrix pH, salinity and eluent on the PFAS recovery from aquatic samples was investigated. The best overall extraction conditions were found to be at pH 8 and 50%/100% matrix seawater content using Oasis® HLB/Strata™-X as SPE sorbents and methanol as eluent. The matrix properties found to be the most appropriate for extraction of investigated PFASs from aqueous samples (i.e., pH and salinity levels) match well the natural properties of marine and brackish waters. Acid-base behavior was found to be the main driver influencing the recovery of PFASs. These research findings can be used to optimize PFAS extraction conditions from aquatic samples and also to develop efficient extraction procedures for multiresidual analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Brumovský
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jitka Bečanová
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Karásková
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Luca Nizzetto
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; NIVA - Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
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49
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Pei Y, Li H, You J. Determining equilibrium partition coefficients between lipid/protein and polydimethylsiloxane for highly hydrophobic organic contaminants using preloaded disks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 598:385-392. [PMID: 28448930 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccumulation of hydrophobic organic contaminants is of great concern and understanding their partitioning to biological phases is crucial for estimating their bioaccumulation potential. The estimation, however, was of large uncertainty for highly hydrophobic organic contaminants (HHOCs) with log KOW>9 due to the challenge of quantifying their water concentrations. In the present study, partition coefficients between polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and storage lipid (KSL,PDMS), membrane lipid (KML,PDMS) and protein (Kpro,PDMS) were measured for 21 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 14 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), dechlorane plus (DP) and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), covering log KOW from 5.07 to 11.6, using a preloaded PDMS depletion method. The values of KSL,PDMS, KML,PDMS and Kpro,PDMS were in the ranges of 5.36-52.5, 0.286-11.8 and 0.067-2.62g/g, respectively, being relatively constant although their KOW values extend more than six orders of magnitude. The relative sorption capacity of the biological phases showed storage lipid was the dominant sorption phase in biota, followed by membrane lipid and protein was the lowest. The KPDMS,pro values of the compounds with log KOW<9 were similar (0.382-14.9g/g) regardless of the thickness of preloaded PDMS disks (58-209μm). For HHOCs, however, KPDMS,pro values dropped when thinner PDMS disks were used, as a result of slow diffusion of HHOCs in PDMS. The KPDMS,pro values of HHOCs measured by 58-μm PDMS disks ranged from 1.78 to 6.85g/g, which was consistent with compounds with log KOW<9. This validated that partition coefficients between PDMS and biological phases were independent of chemical hydrophobicity, showing the advantage of using PDMS-based methods to directly estimate bioaccumulation potential of HHOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huizhen Li
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jing You
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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50
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Schmidt SN, Wang AP, Gidley PT, Wooley AH, Lotufo GR, Burgess RM, Ghosh U, Fernandez LA, Mayer P. Cross Validation of Two Partitioning-Based Sampling Approaches in Mesocosms Containing PCB Contaminated Field Sediment, Biota, and Activated Carbon Amendment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:9996-10004. [PMID: 28766940 PMCID: PMC5705054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The Gold Standard for determining freely dissolved concentrations (Cfree) of hydrophobic organic compounds in sediment interstitial water would be in situ deployment combined with equilibrium sampling, which is generally difficult to achieve. In the present study, ex situ equilibrium sampling with multiple thicknesses of silicone and in situ pre-equilibrium sampling with low density polyethylene (LDPE) loaded with performance reference compounds were applied independently to measure polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in mesocosms with (1) New Bedford Harbor sediment (MA, U.S.A.), (2) sediment and biota, and (3) activated carbon amended sediment and biota. The aim was to cross validate the two different sampling approaches. Around 100 PCB congeners were quantified in the two sampling polymers, and the results confirmed the good precision of both methods and were in overall good agreement with recently published LDPE to silicone partition ratios. Further, the methods yielded Cfree in good agreement for all three experiments. The average ratio between Cfree determined by the two methods was factor 1.4 ± 0.3 (range: 0.6-2.0), and the results thus cross-validated the two sampling approaches. For future investigations, specific aims and requirements in terms of application, data treatment, and data quality requirements should dictate the selection of the most appropriate partitioning-based sampling approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine N. Schmidt
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- CORRESPONDING AUTHORS: Stine N. Schmidt, Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. Phone: (+45) 45251425. and Loretta A. Fernandez, Northeastern University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Boston, MA, USA. Phone: (+1) 617 373 5461.
| | - Alice P. Wang
- Northeastern University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philip T. Gidley
- US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Allyson H. Wooley
- US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Guilherme R. Lotufo
- US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Robert M. Burgess
- US Environmental Protection Agency, NHEERL/Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Upal Ghosh
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Loretta A. Fernandez
- Northeastern University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Boston, MA, USA
- CORRESPONDING AUTHORS: Stine N. Schmidt, Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. Phone: (+45) 45251425. and Loretta A. Fernandez, Northeastern University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Boston, MA, USA. Phone: (+1) 617 373 5461.
| | - Philipp Mayer
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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