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Zhang Y, Meng J, Su G, Li Q, Sun B, Gu Y, Shi B. Recognition of screening out hierarchical toxic contaminants tuned by quantified pseudo-components from complex engineering co-combustion. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135029. [PMID: 38959830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Co-combustion of industrial and municipal solid wastes has emerged as the most promising disposal technology, yet its effect on unknown contaminants generation remains rarely revealed due to waste complexity. Hence, six batches of large-scale engineering experiments were designed in an incinerator of 650 t/d, which overcame the inauthenticity and deviation of laboratory tests. 953-1772 non-targeted compounds were screened in fly ash. Targeting the impact of co-combustion, a pseudo-component matrix model was innovatively integrated to quantitatively extract nine components from complex wastes grouped into biomass and plastic. Thus, the influence was evaluated across eight dimensions, covering molecular characteristics and toxicity. The effect of co-combustion with biomass pseudo-components was insignificant. However, co-combustion with high ratios of plastic pseudo-components induced higher potential risks, significantly promoting the formation of unsaturated hydrocarbons, highly unsaturated compounds (DBE≥15), and cyclic compounds by 19 %- 49 %, 17 %- 31 %, and 7 %- 27 %, respectively. Especially, blending with high ratios of PET plastic pseudo-components produced more species of contaminants. Unique 2 Level I toxicants, bromomethyl benzene and benzofuran-2-carbaldehyde, as well as 4 Level II toxicants, were locked, receiving no concern in previous combustion. The results highlighted risks during high proportion plastics co-combustion, which can help pollution reduction by tuning source wastes to enable healthy co-combustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Meng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Guijin Su
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Qianqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bohua Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yangyang Gu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Li X, Li T, Jeyakumar P, Li J, Bao Y, Jin X, Zhang J, Guo C, Jiang X, Lu G, Dang Z, Wang H. Effect of biochar-derived DOM on contrasting redistribution of chromate during Schwertmannite dissolution and recrystallization. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:134988. [PMID: 38908178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Biochar-derived dissolved organic matter (BDOM), is extensively involved in the recrystallization of minerals and the speciation alteration of associated toxic metals. This study investigates how BDOM extracted from tobacco petiole (TP) or tobacco stalk (TS) biochar influences the speciation repartitioning of Cr(VI) in environments impacted by acid mine drainage (AMD), focusing on interactions with secondary minerals during Schwertmannite (Sch) dissolution and recrystallization. TP-BDOM, rich in lignin-like substances, slowed down the Cr-Sch dissolution and Cr release under acidic conditions compared to TS-BDOM. TP-BDOM's higher O/C component exerts a delayed impact on Cr-Sch stability and Cr(VI) reduction. In-situ ATR-FTIR and 2D-COS analysis showed that carboxylic and aromatic N-OH groups in BDOM could interact with Cr-Sch surfaces, affecting sulfate and Cr(VI) release. It was also observed that slight recrystallization occurred from Cr-Sch to goethite, along with increased Cr incorporation into secondary minerals within TS-BDOM. This enhances our understanding of BDOM's role in Cr(VI) speciation changes in AMD-contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, PR China
| | - Tianfu Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, PR China
| | - Paramsothy Jeyakumar
- Environmental Sciences Group, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Jiayi Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, PR China; Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China
| | - Yanping Bao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, PR China
| | - Xiaohu Jin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, PR China; Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China
| | - Chuling Guo
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xueding Jiang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, PR China
| | - Guining Lu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China.
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3
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DiDonato N, Rivas-Ubach A, Kew W, Sokol NW, Clendinen CS, Kyle JE, Martínez CE, Foley MM, Tolić N, Pett-Ridge J, Paša-Tolić L. Improved Characterization of Soil Organic Matter by Integrating FT-ICR MS, Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry, and Molecular Networking: A Case Study of Root Litter Decay under Drought Conditions. Anal Chem 2024; 96:11699-11706. [PMID: 38991201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Understanding of how soil organic matter (SOM) chemistry is altered in a changing climate has advanced considerably; however, most SOM components remain unidentified, impeding the ability to characterize a major fraction of organic matter and predict what types of molecules, and from which sources, will persist in soil. We present a novel approach to better characterize SOM extracts by integrating information from three types of analyses, and we deploy this method to characterize decaying root-detritus soil microcosms subjected to either drought or normal conditions. To observe broad differences in composition, we employed direct infusion Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (DI-FT-ICR MS). We complemented this with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify components by library matching. Since libraries contain only a small fraction of SOM components, we also used fragment spectral cosine similarity scores to relate unknowns and library matches through molecular networks. This integrated approach allowed us to corroborate DI-FT-ICR MS molecular formulas using library matches, which included fungal metabolites and related polyphenolic compounds. We also inferred structures of unknowns from molecular networks and improved LC-MS/MS annotation rates from ∼5 to 35% by considering DI-FT-ICR MS molecular formula assignments. Under drought conditions, we found greater relative amounts of lignin-like vs condensed aromatic polyphenol formulas and lower average nominal oxidation state of carbon, suggesting reduced decomposition of SOM and/or microbes under stress. Our integrated approach provides a framework for enhanced annotation of SOM components that is more comprehensive than performing individual data analyses in parallel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole DiDonato
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Albert Rivas-Ubach
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - William Kew
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Noah W Sokol
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Chaevien S Clendinen
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jennifer E Kyle
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | | | - Megan M Foley
- Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, United States
| | - Nikola Tolić
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jennifer Pett-Ridge
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Ljiljana Paša-Tolić
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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4
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Patrone J, Vila-Costa M, Dachs J, Papazian S, Gago-Ferrero P, Gil-Solsona R. Enhancing Molecular Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter by Integrative Direct Infusion and Liquid Chromatography Nontargeted Workflows. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:12454-12466. [PMID: 38958378 PMCID: PMC11256763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in aquatic systems is a highly heterogeneous mixture of water-soluble organic compounds, acting as a major carbon reservoir driving biogeochemical cycles. Understanding DOM molecular composition is thus of vital interest for the health assessment of aquatic ecosystems, yet its characterization poses challenges due to its complex and dynamic chemical profile. Here, we performed a comprehensive chemical analysis of DOM from highly urbanized river and seawater sources and compared it to drinking water. Extensive analyses by nontargeted direct infusion (DI) and liquid chromatography (LC) high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) through Orbitrap were integrated with novel computational workflows to allow molecular- and structural-level characterization of DOM. Across all water samples, over 7000 molecular formulas were calculated using both methods (∼4200 in DI and ∼3600 in LC). While the DI approach was limited to molecular formula calculation, the downstream data processing of MS2 spectral information combining library matching and in silico predictions enabled a comprehensive structural-level characterization of 16% of the molecular space detected by LC-HRMS across all water samples. Both analytical methods proved complementary, covering a broad chemical space that includes more highly polar compounds with DI and more less polar ones with LC. The innovative integration of diverse analytical techniques and computational workflow introduces a robust and largely available framework in the field, providing a widely applicable approach that significantly contributes to understanding the complex molecular composition of DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Patrone
- Department
of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of
Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council
of Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Maria Vila-Costa
- Department
of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of
Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council
of Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Jordi Dachs
- Department
of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of
Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council
of Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Stefano Papazian
- Department
of Environmental Science (ACES, Exposure & Effects), Science for
Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
- National
Facility for Exposomics, Metabolomics Platform, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Solna 171 65, Sweden
| | - Pablo Gago-Ferrero
- Department
of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of
Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council
of Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Rubén Gil-Solsona
- Department
of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of
Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council
of Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
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5
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Qiu J, Lü F, Li X, Zhang H, Xu B, He PJ. Regular Tetrahedron Model for the Assessment of High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Data of Four-Way Fractionated Dissolved Organic Matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:11685-11694. [PMID: 38905014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c01936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
A regular tetrahedron model was established to pierce the fractionation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) among quaternary components by using high-resolution mass spectrometry. The model can stereoscopically visualize molecular formulas of DOM to show the preference to each component according to the position in a regular tetrahedron. A classification method was subsequently developed to divide molecular formulas into 15 categories related to fractionation ratios, the relative change of which was demonstrated to be convergent with the uncertainty of mass peak area. The practicality of the regular tetrahedron model was verified by seven kinds of sludge from waste leachate treatment and sewage wastewater treatment plants by using stratification of extracellular polymeric substances coupled with Orbitrap MS as an example, presenting the DOM chemodiversity in stratified sludge flocs. Sensitivity analysis proved that classification results were relatively stable with the perturbation of four model parameters. Multinomial logistic regression analysis could further help identify the effect of molecular properties on the fractionation of DOM based on the classification results of the regular tetrahedron model. This model offers a methodology for the assessment of specificity of sequential extraction on DOM from solid or semisolid components and simplifies the complex mathematical expression of fractionation coefficients for quaternary components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Qiu
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Fan Lü
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xiao Li
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Bin Xu
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Pin-Jing He
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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6
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Wang J, Chai Z, Su H, Du E, Guan X, Guo H. Unraveling the Role of Humic Acid in the Oxidation of Phenolic Contaminants by Soluble Manganese Oxo-Anions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:8576-8586. [PMID: 38696240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Humic acid (HA) is ubiquitous in natural aquatic environments and effectively accelerates decontamination by permanganate (Mn(VII)). However, the detailed mechanism remains uncertain. Herein, the intrinsic mechanisms of HA's impact on phenolics oxidation by Mn(VII) and its intermediate manganese oxo-anions were systematically studied. Results suggested that HA facilitated the transfer of a single electron from Mn(VII), resulting in the sequential formation of Mn(VI) and Mn(V). The formed Mn(V) was further reduced to Mn(III) through a double electron transfer process by HA. Mn(III) was responsible for the HA-boosted oxidation as the active species attacking pollutants, while Mn(VI) and Mn(V) tended to act as intermediate species due to their own instability. In addition, HA could serve as a stabilizer to form a complex with produced Mn(III) and retard the disproportionation of Mn(III). Notably, manganese oxo-anions did not mineralize HA but essentially changed its composition. According to the results of Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and the second derivative analysis of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, we found that manganese oxo-anions triggered the decomposition of C-H bonds on HA and subsequently produced oxygen-containing functional groups (i.e., C-O). This study might shed new light on the HA/manganese oxo-anion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingquan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhizhuo Chai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Haizheng Su
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Erdeng Du
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Xiaohong Guan
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hongguang Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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7
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Craig A, Moodie LWK, Hawkes JA. Preparation of Simple Bicyclic Carboxylate-Rich Alicyclic Molecules for the Investigation of Dissolved Organic Matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:7078-7086. [PMID: 38608252 PMCID: PMC11044592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a vast and complex chemical mixture that plays a key role in the mediation of the global carbon cycle. Fundamental understanding of the source and fate of oceanic organic matter is obscured due to poor definition of the key molecular contributors to DOM, which limits accurate sample analysis and prediction of the Earth's carbon cycle. Previous work has attempted to define the components of the DOM through a variety of chromatographic and spectral techniques. However, modern preparative and analytical methods have not isolated or unambiguously identified molecules from DOM. Therefore, previously proposed structures are based solely on the mixture's aggregate properties and do not accurately describe any true individual molecular component. In addition to this, there is a lack of appropriate analogues of the individual chemical classes within DOM, limiting the scope of experiments that probe the physical, chemical, and biological contributions from each class. To address these problems, we synthesized a series of analogues of carboxylate-rich alicyclic molecules (CRAM), a molecular class hypothesized to exist as a major contributor to DOM. Key analytical features of the synthetic CRAMs were consistent with marine DOM, supporting their suitability as chemical substitutes for CRAM. This new approach provides access to a molecular toolkit that will enable previously inaccessible experiments to test many unproven hypotheses surrounding the ever-enigmatic DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander
J. Craig
- Analytical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden
- Drug
Design and Discovery, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden
| | - Lindon W. K. Moodie
- Drug
Design and Discovery, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey A. Hawkes
- Analytical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden
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8
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Zhang L, Huang R, Ma Z, Li S, Ding J, Huang W, Liu C, Sui Y, Zhou J, Zhang J, Liang Y. Warming Leads to Changes in Soil Organic Carbon Molecules Due to Decreased Mineral Protection. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:7765-7773. [PMID: 38556742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Climate change affects the content and composition of soil organic carbon (SOC). However, warming-induced changes in the SOC compounds remain unknown. Using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, molecular mixing models, and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, we analyzed the variations and relationships in molecular compounds in Mollisol with 10-56 g C kg-1 soil-1 by translocating soils under six climate regimes. We found that increased temperature and precipitation were negatively correlated with carbohydrate versus lipid and lignin versus protein. The former was consistent across soils with varying SOC contents, but the latter decreased as the SOC content increased. The carbohydrate-lipid correlations were related to dithionite-citrate-extractable Fe, while the lignin-protein correlations were linked to changes in moisture and pyrophosphate-extractable Fe/Al. Our findings indicate that the reduction in the mineral protection of SOC is associated with molecular alterations in SOC under warming conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruilin Huang
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Sen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jixian Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Weigen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yueyu Sui
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73069, United States
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yuting Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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9
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Zhao R, Zhao W, Dai Y, Zhou J, Xu X, Wang F, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Zhang W. Photochemical evolution of the molecular composition of dissolved organic carbon and dissolved brown carbon from wood smoldering. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 186:108629. [PMID: 38582060 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Recently, extreme wildfires occur frequently around the world and emit substantial brown carbon (BrC) into the atmosphere, whereas the molecular compositions and photochemical evolution of BrC remain poorly understood. In this work, primary smoke aerosols were generated from wood smoldering, and secondary smoke aerosols were formed by the OH radical photooxidation in an oxidation flow reactor, where both primary and secondary smoke samples were collected on filters. After solvent extraction of filter samples, the molecular composition of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was determined by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS). The molecular composition of dissolved BrC was obtained based on the constraints of DOC formulae. The proportion of dissolved BrC fractions accounted for approximately 1/3-1/2 molecular formulae of DOC. The molecular characteristics of dissolved BrC showed higher levels of carbon oxidation state, double bond equivalents, and modified aromaticity index than those of DOC, indicating that dissolved BrC fractions were a class of organic structures with relatively higher oxidation state, unsaturated and aromatic degree in DOC fractions. The comparative analysis suggested that aliphatic and olefinic structures dominated DOC fractions (contributing to 70.1%-76.9%), while olefinic, aromatic, and condensed aromatic structures dominated dissolved BrC fractions (contributing to 97.5%-99.9%). It is worth noting that dissolved BrC fractions only contained carboxylic-rich alicyclic molecules (CRAMs)-like structures, unsaturated hydrocarbons, aromatic structures, and highly oxygenated compounds. CRAMs-like structures were the most abundant species in both DOC and dissolved BrC fractions. Nevertheless, the specific molecular characteristics for DOC and dissolved BrC fractions varied with subgroups after aging. The results highlight the similarities and differences in the molecular compositions and characteristics of DOC and dissolved BrC fractions with aging. This work will provide insights into understanding the molecular composition of DOC and dissolved BrC in smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, Jiangsu, China; School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China.
| | - Weixiong Zhao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China; School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Yong Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, Jiangsu, China; School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiacheng Zhou
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Xuezhe Xu
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Feng Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qixing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China.
| | - Yongming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China; School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
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10
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Lechtenfeld OJ, Kaesler J, Jennings EK, Koch BP. Direct Analysis of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter Using LC-FT-ICR MS. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:4637-4647. [PMID: 38427796 PMCID: PMC10938638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an important component of the global carbon cycle, yet its intricate composition and the sea salt matrix pose major challenges for chemical analysis. We introduce a direct injection, reversed-phase liquid chromatography ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry approach to analyze marine DOM without the need for solid-phase extraction. Effective separation of salt and DOM is achieved with a large chromatographic column and an extended isocratic aqueous step. Postcolumn dilution of the sample flow with buffer-free solvents and implementing a counter gradient reduced salt buildup in the ion source and resulted in excellent repeatability. With this method, over 5,500 unique molecular formulas were detected from just 5.5 nmol carbon in 100 μL of filtered Arctic Ocean seawater. We observed a highly linear detector response for variable sample carbon concentrations and a high robustness against the salt matrix. Compared to solid-phase extracted DOM, our direct injection method demonstrated superior sensitivity for heteroatom-containing DOM. The direct analysis of seawater offers fast and simple sample preparation and avoids fractionation introduced by extraction. The method facilitates studies in environments, where only minimal sample volume is available e.g. in marine sediment pore water, ice cores, or permafrost soil solution. The small volume requirement also supports higher spatial (e.g., in soils) or temporal sample resolution (e.g., in culture experiments). Chromatographic separation adds further chemical information to molecular formulas, enhancing our understanding of marine biogeochemistry, chemodiversity, and ecological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J. Lechtenfeld
- Department
of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Research Group BioGeoOmics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research −
UFZ, Permoserstraße
15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- ProVIS−Centre
for Chemical Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre
for Environmental Research − UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Kaesler
- Department
of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Research Group BioGeoOmics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research −
UFZ, Permoserstraße
15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elaine K. Jennings
- Department
of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Research Group BioGeoOmics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research −
UFZ, Permoserstraße
15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Boris P. Koch
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut
Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
- University
of Applied Sciences, An der Karlstadt 8, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany
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11
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Aguilar-Alarcón P, Gonzalez SV, Mikkelsen Ø, Asimakopoulos AG. Molecular formula assignment of dissolved organic matter by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry using two non-targeted data processing approaches: A case study from recirculating aquaculture systems. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1288:342128. [PMID: 38220272 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accumulation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) poses an issue in the management of the water quality from recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), but its characterization is often not detailed enough to understand the DOM transformations in RAS. In this study, we investigated the application of two distinct non-targeted data processing approaches using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS) and two software with different algorithmic designs: PetroOrg and Progenesis QI to accurately characterize the molecular composition of DOM in RAS by UPLC-QTOF-MS. RESULTS The UPLC-QTOF-MS resolution in combination with PetroOrg and Progenesis QI software successfully assigned 912 and 106 unique elemental compositions, respectively, including compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO) and nitrogen-containing CHO compounds (CHON), in the DOM samples from RAS. The results of these two distinct data processing approaches were consistent with the list of DOM formulas from RAS identified by higher resolution mass spectrometry techniques confirming their reliability. PetroOrg approach revealed only compositional information in the DOM samples from RAS, while Progenesis QI in addition to identifying new elemental compositions, increased their chemical space by giving information about their polarity and their possible key structures. DOM samples from RAS were found to be rich in unsaturated CHO compounds, with tentatively key structures of terpenoids with medium polarity indicating natural origins in their composition. The analysis also revealed probable structures of sucrose fatty acid esters and polyethylene glycol, indicating anthropogenic sources. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY The combination of these two non-targeted data processing approaches significantly improves the characterization of the complex mixture of DOM from RAS by UPLC-QTOF-MS reporting for the first time accurate DOM results in terms of its composition, while proposing its key structures. The presented methods can also be used to analyze different DOM samples with other HRMS techniques and software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Aguilar-Alarcón
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 1, 7491, Trondheim, Norway; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, H2O Building, C/Emili Grahit, 101, E17003, Girona, Spain; University of Girona, 17071, Girona, Spain.
| | - Susana V Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 1, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Øyvind Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 1, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Alexandros G Asimakopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 1, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
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12
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Jiang H, Zhang Y, Cui R, Ren L, Zhang M, Wang Y. Effects of Two Different Proportions of Microbial Formulations on Microbial Communities in Kitchen Waste Composting. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2605. [PMID: 37894263 PMCID: PMC10609192 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of bulking agents on the maturity and gaseous emissions of composting kitchen waste. The composing experiments were carried out by selected core bacterial agents and universal bacterial agents for 20 days. The results demonstrated that the addition of core microbial agents effectively controlled the emission of typical odor-producing compounds. The addition of core and universal bacterial agents drastically reduced NH3 emissions by 94% and 74%, and decreased H2S emissions by 78% and 27%. The application of core microbial agents during composting elevated the peak temperature to 65 °C and in terms of efficient temperature evolution (>55 °C for 8 consecutive days). The organic matter degradation decreased by 65% from the initial values for core microbial agents were added, while for the other treatments the reduction was slight. Adding core microbial agents to kitchen waste produced mature compost with a higher germination index (GI) 112%, while other treatments did not fully mature and had a GI of <70%. Microbial analysis demonstrated that the core microbial agents in composting increased the relative abundances of Weissella, Ignatzschineria, and Bacteroides. Network and redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that the core microbial agents enhanced the relationship between bacteria and the eight indicators (p < 0.01), thereby improving the bio transformation of compounds during composting. Overall, these results suggest that the careful selection of appropriate inoculation microorganisms is crucial for improved biological transformation and nutrient content composting efficacy of kitchen waste.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Minglu Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (H.J.); (Y.Z.); (R.C.); (L.R.)
| | - Yongjing Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (H.J.); (Y.Z.); (R.C.); (L.R.)
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13
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Felgate SL, Craig AJ, Moodie LWK, Hawkes J. Characterization of a Newly Available Coastal Marine Dissolved Organic Matter Reference Material (TRM-0522). Anal Chem 2023; 95:6559-6567. [PMID: 37052954 PMCID: PMC10134136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent methodological advances have greatly increased our ability to characterize aquatic dissolved organic matter (DOM) using high-resolution instrumentation, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (HRMS). Reliable DOM reference materials are required for further method development and data set alignment but do not currently exist for the marine environment. This presents a major limitation for marine biogeochemistry and related fields, including natural product discovery. To fill this resource gap, we have prepared a coastal marine DOM reference material (TRM-0522) from 45 m deep seawater obtained ∼1 km offshore of Sweden's west coast. Over 3000 molecular formulas were assigned by direct infusion HRMS, confirming sample diversity, and the distribution of formulas in van Krevelen space was typical for a marine sample, with the majority of formulas in the region H/C 1-1.5 and O/C 0.3-0.7. The extracted DOM pool was more nitrogen (N)- and sulfur (S)-rich than a typical terrestrial reference material (SRFA). MZmine3 processing of ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-HRMS/MS data revealed 494 resolvable features (233 in negative mode; 261 in positive mode) over a wide range of retention times and masses. NMR data indicated low contributions from aromatic protons and, generally speaking, low lignin, humic, and fulvic substances associated with terrestrial samples. Instead, carboxylic-rich aliphatic molecules were the most abundant components, followed by carbohydrates and aliphatic functionalities. This is consistent with a very low specific UV absorbance SUVA254 value of 1.52 L mg C-1 m-1. When combined with comparisons with existing terrestrial reference materials (Suwannee River fulvic acid and Pony Lake fulvic acid), these results suggest that TRM-0522 is a useful and otherwise unavailable reference material for use in marine DOM biogeochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L Felgate
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden
| | - Alexander J Craig
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden
- Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden
| | - Lindon W K Moodie
- Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey Hawkes
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden
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14
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Qiu J, Li T, Lü F, Huang Y, Li C, Zhang H, Shao L, He P. Molecular behavior and interactions with microbes during anaerobic degradation of bio-derived DOM in waste leachate. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 126:174-183. [PMID: 36503747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
It is the key to control bio-derived dissolved organic matters (DOM) in order to reduce the effluent concentration of wastewater treatment, especially for waste leachate with high organic contaminants. In the present study, the anaerobic degradation of aerobically stabilized DOM was investigated with DOM substrate isolated through electrodialysis. The degradation of bio-derived DOM was confirmed by reduction of 15% of total organic carbon in 100 days. We characterized the molecular behavior of bio-derived DOM by coupling molecular and biological information analysis. Venn based Sankey diagram of mass features showed the transformation of bio-derived DOM mass features. Occurrence frequency analysis divided mass features into six categories so as to distinguish the fates of intermediate metabolites and persistent compounds. Reactivity continuum model and machine learning technologies realized the semi-quantitative determination on the kinetics of DOM mass features in the form of pseudo-first order, and confirmed the reduction of inert mass features. Furthermore, network analysis statistically establish relationship between DOM mass features and microbes to identify the active microbes that are able to utilize bio-derived DOM. This work confirmed the biological technology is still effective in controlling recalcitrant bio-derived DOM during wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Qiu
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tianqi Li
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fan Lü
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Multi-source Solid Wastes Co-Processing and Energy Utilization, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yulong Huang
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chao Li
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Liming Shao
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Multi-source Solid Wastes Co-Processing and Energy Utilization, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Pinjing He
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Multi-source Solid Wastes Co-Processing and Energy Utilization, Shanghai 200092, China.
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15
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Zhu X, Wang K, Liu Z, Wang J, Wu E, Yu W, Zhu X, Chu C, Chen B. Probing Molecular-Level Dynamic Interactions of Dissolved Organic Matter with Iron Oxyhydroxide via a Coupled Microfluidic Reactor and an Online High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry System. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:2981-2991. [PMID: 36749182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between dissolved organic matter (DOM) and iron (Fe) oxyhydroxide are crucial in regulating the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients and elements, including the preservation of carbon in soils. The mechanisms of DOM molecular assembly on mineral surfaces have been extensively studied at the mesoscale with equilibrium experiments, yet the molecular-level evolution of the DOM-mineral interface under dynamic interaction conditions is not fully understood. Here, we designed a microfluidic reactor coupled with an online solid phase extraction (SPE)-LC-QTOF MS system to continually monitor the changes in DOM composition during flowing contact with Fe oxyhydroxide at circumneutral pH, which simulates soil minerals interacting with constant DOM input. Time-series UV-visible absorption spectra and mass spectrometry data showed that after aromatic DOM moieties were first preferentially sequestered by the pristine Fe oxyhydroxide surface, the adsorption of nonaromatic DOM molecules with greater hydrophobicity, lower acidity, and lower molecular weights (<400) from new DOM solutions was favored. This is accompanied by a transition from mineral surface chemistry-dominated adsorption to organic-organic interaction-dominated adsorption. These findings provide direct molecular-level evidence to the zonal model of DOM assembly on mineral surfaces by taking the dynamics of interfacial interactions into consideration. This study also shows that coupled microfluidics and online high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) system is a promising experimental platform for probing microscale environmental carbon dynamics by integrating in situ reactions, sample pretreatment, and automatic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zhengzheng Liu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Ecological and Environmental Monitoring, Forewarning and Quality Control, Zhejiang Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Ecological and Environmental Monitoring, Forewarning and Quality Control, Zhejiang Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China
| | - Enhui Wu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Wentao Yu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Chiheng Chu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Baoliang Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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16
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Fu QL, Fujii M, Ma R. Development of a Gaussian-Based Alignment Algorithm for the Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectra of Dissolved Organic Matter. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2796-2803. [PMID: 36688615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The alignment of ultrahigh-resolution mass spectra (UHR-MS) is critical to inspect the presence of unique and common peaks across multiple UHR-MS spectra. However, few attempts have been conducted to develop an automated alignment method. In this study, a novel automated alignment algorithm, namely, FTMSCombine, that follows a Gaussian distribution of mass errors was developed and then integrated with existing FTMSCalibrate and TRFu algorithms to establish an open-source analysis platform, namely, FTMSAnalysis, for the UHR-MS analysis of the dissolved organic matter. The developed FTMSCombine was capable of automatically aligning peaks across different UHR-MS spectra by averaging the m/z values of each peak cluster, although the alignment should be restricted to Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) spectra collected by instruments under similar conditions. The FTMSCombine exhibited an insignificant difference in the reproducibility of chemical formulae but significantly higher mass accuracy than the ICBM-OCEAN. In addition to improving the overall mass accuracy of the whole UHR-MS dataset, the FTMSCombine could effectively exclude scatters or noise peaks using an optional rule that restricts peaks (continuously) detected in at least a certain number of spectra in the UHR-MS spectra dataset. The successfully established FTMSAnalysis (freely available in the Supporting Information of this study) is of great potential in automatically analyzing UHR-MS spectra for dissolved organic matter (DOM) and will largely facilitate the elucidation of DOM chemodivesity by UHR-MS techniques including FTICR-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Long Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan430078, China.,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan430078, China
| | - Manabu Fujii
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo152-8550, Japan
| | - Rui Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan430078, China.,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan430078, China
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17
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Li Z, Chi J, Shao B, Wu Z, He W, Liu Y, Sun P, Lin H, Wang X, Zhao Y, Chen L, Tong Y. Inhibition of methylmercury uptake by freshwater phytoplankton in presence of algae-derived organic matter. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 313:120111. [PMID: 36075338 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As the first step of methylmercury (MeHg) entry into the aquatic food webs, MeHg uptake by phytoplankton is crucial in determining the final human MeHg exposure risks. MeHg availability to plankton is regulated by dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the water, while the extent of the impacts can vary largely based on the sources of DOM. Here, we investigated impacts of DOM sources on MeHg bioconcentration by three freshwater phytoplankton species (i.e. S. quadricauda, Chlorella sp., Microcystis elabens) in the laboratory system. We found that algae-derived DOM would prohibited the cellular MeHg bioconcentration by a percent up to 77-93%, while the soil-derived DOM didn't show similar inhibition effects. DOM characterization by the excitation‒emission matrices, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, ultra‒high performance liquid chromatography‒tandem quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry shown that the molecular size of S-containing compound, rather than thiol concentration, has played a crucial role in regulating the MeHg uptake by phytoplankton. Climate change and increasing nutrient loadings from human activities may affect plankton growth in the freshwater, ultimately changing the DOM compositions. Impacts of these changes on cellular MeHg uptakes by phytoplankton should be emphasized when exploring the aquatic Hg cycling and evaluating their risks to human beings and wild life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhike Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jie Chi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Bo Shao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhengyu Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wei He
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Peizhe Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Huiming Lin
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Long Chen
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yindong Tong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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18
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Gu H, Dong Y, Zhu S, Huang X, Sun Y, Chen Q. Development of a sensor-based fluorescent method for quality evaluation of used frying oils. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Duncan KD, Hawkes JA, Berg M, Clarijs B, Gill CG, Bergquist J, Lanekoff I, Krogh ET. Membrane Sampling Separates Naphthenic Acids from Biogenic Dissolved Organic Matter for Direct Analysis by Mass Spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:3096-3105. [PMID: 35175743 PMCID: PMC8892831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Oil sands process waters can release toxic naphthenic acids (NAs) into aquatic environments. Analytical techniques for NAs are challenged by sample complexity and interference from naturally occurring dissolved organic matter (DOM). Herein, we report the use of a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) polymer membrane for the on-line separation of NAs from DOM and use direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to yield meaningful qualitative and quantitative information with minimal sample cleanup. We compare the composition of membrane-permeable species from natural waters fortified with a commercial NA mixture to those derived from weak anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SPE) using high-resolution mass spectrometry. The results show that SPE retains a wide range of carboxylic acids, including biogenic DOM, while permeation through PDMS was selective for petrogenic classically defined NAs (CnH2n+zO2). A series of model compounds (log Kow ∼1-7) were used to characterize the perm-selectivity and reveal the separation is based on hydrophobicity. This convenient sample cleanup method is selective for the O2 class of NAs and can be used prior to conventional analysis or as an on-line analytical strategy when coupled directly to mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D. Duncan
- Analytical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry − BMC, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department
of Chemistry, Vancouver Island University, 900 Fifth Street, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada V9R 5S5
| | - Jeffrey A. Hawkes
- Analytical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry − BMC, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mykelti Berg
- Applied
Environmental Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Vancouver Island University, 900 Fifth Street, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada V9R 5S5
| | - Bas Clarijs
- Analytical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry − BMC, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chris G. Gill
- Applied
Environmental Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Vancouver Island University, 900 Fifth Street, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada V9R 5S5
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, Stn CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 2Y2
- Department
of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Analytical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry − BMC, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ingela Lanekoff
- Analytical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry − BMC, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik T. Krogh
- Applied
Environmental Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Vancouver Island University, 900 Fifth Street, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada V9R 5S5
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, Stn CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 2Y2
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20
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Li L, Li Y, Fang Z, He C. Study on molecular structure characteristics of natural dissolved organic nitrogen by use of negative and positive ion mode electrospray ionization Orbitrap mass spectrometry and collision-induced dissociation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 810:152116. [PMID: 34871689 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in aquatic systems is an important component of the global nitrogen cycle. However, the molecular structural information of DON in natural water is still unknown. In this study, the molecular structural characteristics of DON molecules in three natural waters were studied by using negative and positive ion mode electrospray ionization (ESI) Orbitrap mass spectrometry and collision-induced dissociation (CID). The DON compounds in these natural water samples could be selectively ionized by a positive ESI source with formic acid as the ionization promoter. A fraction of DON may exist as amphoteric substance. Then, possible chemical structures were assigned for some of these DON molecules by CID. Possible O-containing functional groups could be assigned as carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl and methoxyl in negative/positive ESI tandem mass spectra, and neutral loss of NH3 corresponding to amino groups was observed for the first time in a positive ESI CID MSMS analysis, which demonstrated that a fraction of DON in natural water may exist as amino acid-like compounds. The results demonstrate that the positive/negative ESI CID Orbitrap MSMS method could provide valuable molecular structure information on DON in natural water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China; Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Yunyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
| | - Zhi Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China.
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Jennings E, Kremser A, Han L, Reemtsma T, Lechtenfeld OJ. Discovery of Polar Ozonation Byproducts via Direct Injection of Effluent Organic Matter with Online LC-FT-ICR-MS. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:1894-1904. [PMID: 35007417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Effluent organic matter (EfOM), a major ozone consumer during wastewater ozonation, is a complex mixture of natural and anthropogenic organic molecules. Ozonation of EfOM adds to molecular complexity by introducing polar and potentially mobile ozonation byproducts (OBPs). Currently, nontargeted direct infusion (DI) ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry (e.g. FT-ICR-MS) is used to study OBPs but requires sample extraction, limiting the accessible polarity range of OBPs. To better understand the impact of ozonation on EfOM and the formation of polar OBPs, nonextracted effluent was analyzed by direct injection onto a reversed-phase liquid chromatography system (RP-LC) online hyphenated with an FT-ICR-MS. Over four times more OBPs were detected in nonextracted EfOM compared to effluent extracted with solid phase extraction and measured with DI-FT-ICR-MS (13817 vs 3075). Over 1500 highly oxygenated OBPs were detected exclusively in early eluting fractions of nonextracted EfOM, indicating polar OBPs. Oxygenation of these newly discovered OBPs is higher than previously found, with an average molecular DBE-O value of -3.3 and O/C ratio of 0.84 in the earliest eluting OBP fractions. These polar OBPs are consistently lost during extraction but may play an important role in understanding the environmental impact of ozonated EfOM. Moreover, 316 molecular formulas classified as nonreactive to ozone in DI-FT-ICR-MS can be identified with LC-FT-ICR-MS as isomers with varying degrees of reactivity, providing for the first time experimental evidence of differential reactivity of complex organic matter isomers with ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Jennings
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arina Kremser
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Limei Han
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oliver J Lechtenfeld
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- ProVIS-Centre for Chemical Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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22
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Fan C, Chen J, Li H, Quan K, Qiu H. Preparation and evaluation of two silica-based hydrophilic-hydrophobic and acid-base balanced stationary phases via in-situ surface polymerization. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1667:462912. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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23
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Vione D, Minero C, Carena L. Fluorophores in surface freshwaters: importance, likely structures, and possible impacts of climate change. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2021; 23:1429-1442. [PMID: 34490433 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00273b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence spectroscopy is one of the most useful techniques currently available for the characterisation of organic matter in natural water samples, because it combines easy availability of instrumentation, high sensitivity and limited requirements for sample treatment. The main fluorophores that can be found in natural waters are usually proteins (and/or free amino acids) and humic substances (humic and fulvic acids). The identification of these fluorescent compounds in water samples helps to obtain information about, among others, biological activity in the water body, possible transport of organic matter from soil, and the phenomenon of photobleaching that decreases both the absorbance and (usually) the fluorescence of natural organic matter. Interestingly, all these phenomena can be affected by climate change, which could alter to different extents the ratio between aquagenic and pedogenic fluorophores. Several events induced by warming in natural waters (and especially lake water) could enhance algal growth, thereby also enhancing the production of aquagenic organic matter. Intense precipitation events could increase the export of pedogenic material to surface waters, while photobleaching would be enhanced in the epilimnion of lakes when summer stratification becomes longer and more stable because of higher temperatures. Interestingly, photobleaching affects humic substances to a higher extent compared to protein-like material, thus protein fluorescence signals could be more preserved in stratified waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Vione
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Claudio Minero
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Luca Carena
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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24
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Wei M, Zhang R, Zhou M, Yuan Z, Yuan H, Zhu N. Treatment of fresh leachate by microaeration pretreatment combined with IC-AO 2 process: Performance and mechanistic insight. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 789:147939. [PMID: 34058591 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fresh leachate is commonly featured with high concentrations of degradable organic matters, which can impede the performance of traditional biological treatment, especially the anaerobic reactor. Aiming at improving the biological treatment process of fresh leachate, this study creatively proposed a microaerobic-IC-AO2 (MAICAO2) process and compared it with traditional biological process, then optimized the operating conditions. Meanwhile, this work investigated the transformation rules and molecular compositions of dissolved organic matters (DOM) during MAICAO2 process, particularly the hazardous DOM (antibiotics). The innovative MAICAO2 process can effectively remove 99% chemical oxygen demand (COD), 91% total nitrogen (TN) and 91% ammonia (NH4+-N) during the operation time, and the removal efficiencies of COD, TN and NH4+-N in MAICAO2 process increased approximately 2%, 14% and 13% compared to ICAOAO process. Electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR MS) confirmed that microaeration could ensure over 53% small molecular organic acids degrade before the subsequent anaerobic reaction so the system could resist the high concentration organic matters stress and improve the denitrification efficiency. Further analysis showed that different categories of antibiotics (including 6 sulfonamides, 4 tetracyclines, 2 macrolides, 4 quinolones and 2 chloramphenicols) could be effectively removed by MAICAO2 process with the total removal efficiency of 50%. This work proposed a new scenario for fresh leachate treatment by proposing the importance of the microaeration pretreatment during the biological treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Wei
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ruina Zhang
- Shanghai Institute for Design & Research on Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200040, China; Shanghai Environmental Sanitation Engineering Design Institute Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Mingjian Zhou
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yuan
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haiping Yuan
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Nanwen Zhu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Shanghai 200240, China.
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25
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Marine dissolved organic matter: a vast and unexplored molecular space. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:7225-7239. [PMID: 34536106 PMCID: PMC8494709 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) comprises a vast and unexplored molecular space. Most of it resided in the oceans for thousands of years. It is among the most diverse molecular mixtures known, consisting of millions of individual compounds. More than 1 Eg of this material exists on the planet. As such, it comprises a formidable source of natural products promising significant potential for new biotechnological purposes. Great emphasis has been placed on understanding the role of DOM in biogeochemical cycles and climate attenuation, its lifespan, interaction with microorganisms, as well as its molecular composition. Yet, probing DOM bioactivities is in its infancy, largely because it is technically challenging due to the chemical complexity of the material. It is of considerable interest to develop technologies capable to better discern DOM bioactivities. Modern screening technologies are opening new avenues allowing accelerated identification of bioactivities for small molecules from natural products. These methods diminish a priori the need for laborious chemical fractionation. We examine here the application of untargeted metabolomics and multiplexed high-throughput molecular-phenotypic screening techniques that are providing first insights on previously undetectable DOM bioactivities. Key points • Marine DOM is a vast, unexplored biotechnological resource. • Untargeted bioscreening approaches are emerging for natural product screening. • Perspectives for developing bioscreening platforms for marine DOM are discussed.
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26
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Investigation of the molecular structure complexity of dissolved organic matter by UPLC-orbitrap MS/MS. Talanta 2021; 230:122320. [PMID: 33934784 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The complex natural organic matter of the Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) standard was analyzed by online reversed-phase chromatography with Orbitrap MS/MS using collision-induced dissociation (CID). The number of isobars per nominal mass could be reduced to a single dominantly abundant species in a chromatographic run, sharing some ions with signals having the identical molecular formula in adjacent chromatographic segments and later serving as a precursor ion for fragmentation. A very large proportion of the same fragment ions existed in adjacent chromatographic fractions. The difference in the fragment ions in adjacent chromatographic fractions could be attributed to a gradual change in the formula composition of precursor ions in a chromatographic run. It could be concluded that dissolved organic matter (DOM) molecules with the same elemental composition in different chromatographic fractions may have very similar molecular structures. In addition, we propose a possible DOM model that might greatly deepen our understanding of the behavior of DOM in aquatic matrices.
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Bahureksa W, Tfaily MM, Boiteau RM, Young RB, Logan MN, McKenna AM, Borch T. Soil Organic Matter Characterization by Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FTICR MS): A Critical Review of Sample Preparation, Analysis, and Data Interpretation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:9637-9656. [PMID: 34232025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The biogeochemical cycling of soil organic matter (SOM) plays a central role in regulating soil health, water quality, carbon storage, and greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, many studies have been conducted to reveal how anthropogenic and climate variables affect carbon sequestration and nutrient cycling. Among the analytical techniques used to better understand the speciation and transformation of SOM, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS) is the only technique that has sufficient mass resolving power to separate and accurately assign elemental compositions to individual SOM molecules. The global increase in the application of FTICR MS to address SOM complexity has highlighted the many challenges and opportunities associated with SOM sample preparation, FTICR MS analysis, and mass spectral interpretation. Here, we provide a critical review of recent strategies for SOM characterization by FTICR MS with emphasis on SOM sample collection, preparation, analysis, and data interpretation. Data processing and visualization methods are presented with suggested workflows that detail the considerations needed for the application of molecular information derived from FTICR MS. Finally, we highlight current research gaps, biases, and future directions needed to improve our understanding of organic matter chemistry and cycling within terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Bahureksa
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Malak M Tfaily
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Rene M Boiteau
- College of Earth, Ocean, Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Robert B Young
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1170, United States
| | - Merritt N Logan
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Amy M McKenna
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, Florida 32310-4005, United States
| | - Thomas Borch
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1170, United States
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28
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Shao L, Deng Y, Qiu J, Zhang H, Liu W, Bazienė K, Lü F, He P. DOM chemodiversity pierced performance of each tandem unit along a full-scale "MBR+NF" process for mature landfill leachate treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 195:117000. [PMID: 33721679 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mature landfill leachate contains a substantial fraction of recalcitrant dissolved organic matters (DOM) that is a challenging for conventional wastewater treatment that is typically focused on the removal of biodegradable organic matter. "Biological treatment + membrane treatment" has been widely employed to treat complex leachate. However, the performance of each unit based on both conventional bulk indicators and molecular information has not been well understood. Therefore, the fate of DOM chemodiversity along the full-scale treatment process across ten sampling points over three different seasons were analyzed to determine the efficiency of every unit process with the assistance of ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Results showed that the process performance, visualized through the molecular signals, were relatively stable in the temporal dimension. The process removed 83.2%-92.2% of DOM molecules in terms of richness, where lignin/carboxyl-rich alicyclic compounds (CRAM)-likes with relatively high saturation was preferentially removed, while newly generated bio-derived N-containing compounds (N/Cwa 0.15-0.17) became resistant. The relationship between conventional bulk physicochemical indicators and molecular indexes suggested that soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were contributed by the refractory DOM with high weighted average double bond equivalents (DBEwa), which was distributed in the region of O/C 0.2-0.5 and H/C 1.2-1.8. This refractory DOM required ultrafiltration and nanofiltration for removal. DOM molecules were positively correlated with five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and revealed that approximately 96.9%-98.4% of the DOM could be removed or transformed in the primary anoxic zone. In addition, the bio-derived aliphatic/proteins, lipids and lignin/CRAM-likes (O/C > 0.2) with condensed aromatization were the sources of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and still remained in the final effluent. The present study suggests that the design and operation of the combination process with biological and membrane treatment could be specifically optimized based on the DOM molecular characteristics of the wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Shao
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Yingtao Deng
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Junjie Qiu
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Wanying Liu
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Kristina Bazienė
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Department of Mechanics and Materials Engineering, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Fan Lü
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Pinjing He
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
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Pang Y, Wang K, Sun Y, Zhou Y, Yang S, Li Y, He C, Shi Q, He D. Linking the unique molecular complexity of dissolved organic matter to flood period in the Yangtze River mainstream. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 764:142803. [PMID: 33757246 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Large rivers transport a significant amount of terrestrially derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) to coastal oceans, consisting of a critical component of the global biogeochemical cycle. Although high flow events usually introduce more terrestrial DOM than baseflow, the underlying molecular complexity and lability of DOM during high discharge are not well constrained, especially in large river ecosystems. By combining ultraviolet and fluorescent spectroscopy, and ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry, we found that stronger terrestrial DOM signal was detected during high discharge than normal discharge in the Yangtze River mainstream. The averaged DOC concentration was higher during high discharge than normal discharge. Optical properties confirmed higher aromaticity and relatively higher humic-like fluorescent components in DOM during high discharge. The molecular composition showed significantly higher molecular complexity, averaged molecular weight, aromaticity, relative abundances of polyphenols and highly unsaturated compounds of DOM during high discharge than normal discharge. A large set of unique molecular formulae (up to 4927) was only detected during high discharge. These unique molecular formulae were mostly lignin degradation products, likely due to more intensive soil leaching during high discharge. By comparing with incubation experiments and the Yangtze River mouth and East China Sea DOM molecular composition, some of these unique molecular formulae during high discharge are resistant to both bio- and photo-degradation, and persist during their transport to the East China Sea. Therefore, we suggest that high discharge will additionally introduce a relatively recalcitrant pool of DOM into the Yangtze River mainstream and persist during its journey to the ocean. Considering the projected increase of flood frequency, this study provides a preliminary foundation for further studies to better assess the underlying mechanisms how hydrology affect the biogeochemical cycling of DOM in large rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pang
- Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongge Sun
- Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shouye Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Changping District, Beijing, China
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Changping District, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Changping District, Beijing, China
| | - Ding He
- Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China.
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30
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Sanchís J, Gernjak W, Munné A, Catalán N, Petrovic M, Farré MJ. Fate of N-nitrosodimethylamine and its precursors during a wastewater reuse trial in the Llobregat River (Spain). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 407:124346. [PMID: 33160783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In summer 2019, a full-scale trial was carried out to investigate the effects in drinking water quality when tertiary treated wastewater was discharged into the Llobregat River upstream of the intake of one of the major drinking water treatment plants of Barcelona and its metropolitan area. Two scenarios were investigated, i.e. discharging the reclaimed water with and without chemical disinfection with chlorine. This study investigates the concentration of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) as the specific disinfection conditions employed in this trial may favor its formation. To this aim, both NDMA and NDMA formation potential, were measured. The river contained NDMA at very low concentrations, but the concentration of NDMA precursors was already high. The NDMA concentration was reduced from discharge to the river to drinking water intake probably due to a combined effect of dilution and photolysis. The formation potential was also reduced probably due to dilution and biodegradation. The concentration of NDMA in the drinking water was always low (<7.3 ng/L), although the formation potential was above 10 ng/L in one sample. Dissolved organic matter characterization by high resolution mass spectrometry revealed differences between the nature of the organic matter in the river before and after reclaimed water discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Sanchís
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/ Emili Grahit, 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Gernjak
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/ Emili Grahit, 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Munné
- Catalan Water Agency, C/ Provença 204-208, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Catalán
- United States Geological Survey, Boulder, CO, USA; Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, 91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mira Petrovic
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/ Emili Grahit, 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria José Farré
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/ Emili Grahit, 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain.
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31
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Han L, Kaesler J, Peng C, Reemtsma T, Lechtenfeld OJ. Online Counter Gradient LC-FT-ICR-MS Enables Detection of Highly Polar Natural Organic Matter Fractions. Anal Chem 2021; 93:1740-1748. [PMID: 33370097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural organic matter (NOM) is a highly complex mixture of natural organic molecules. The recent developments in NOM molecular characterization methods have shown that ESI-FT-ICR hyphenated with liquid chromatography (LC) is a promising approach to also obtain chemical information (such as polarity and molecular size) about NOM molecules. However, due to changing solvent composition during gradient elution in LC-FT-ICR-MS, ionization conditions also change throughout the chromatographic separation process. In this study, we applied a post-LC column counter gradient (CG) to ensure stable solvent conditions for transient ESI-MS signals. Suwanee River Fulvic Acid (SRFA) standard and a peat pore water were used as representative dissolved NOM samples for method development and validation. Our results show that in polar NOM fractions (which elute with <50% methanol) the TIC intensity and number of assigned molecular formulas were increased by 48% and 20%, as compared to the standard gradient (SG) method. Further application of a Q-isolation and selective ion accumulation for low abundance fractions revealed over 3 times more molecular formulas (especially for CHNO, CHOS, CHNOS formula classes) than in full scan mode. The number of detected highly polar NOM compounds (with elemental ratios H/C < 1, O/C > 0.6) were more than 20 times larger for CG-LC mode as compared to direct infusion (DI) (5715 vs 266 MF). We conclude that the application of a postcolumn counter gradient in LC-FT-ICR-MS analyses of NOM offers novel insight into the most polar fractions of NOM which are inaccessible in conventional DI measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Han
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Kaesler
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Chang Peng
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), 04318 Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oliver J Lechtenfeld
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), 04318 Leipzig, Germany.,ProVIS-Centre for Chemical Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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32
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Aguilar-Alarcón P, Gonzalez SV, Simonsen MA, Borrero-Santiago AR, Sanchís J, Meriac A, Kolarevic J, Asimakopoulos AG, Mikkelsen Ø. Characterizing changes of dissolved organic matter composition with the use of distinct feeds in recirculating aquaculture systems via high-resolution mass spectrometry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 749:142326. [PMID: 33370913 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are a new alternative to traditional aquaculture approaches, allowing full control over the fish production conditions, while reducing the water demand. The reduction of water exchange leads to an accumulation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) that can have potential effects on water quality, fish welfare and system performance. Despite the growing awareness of DOM in aquaculture, scarce scientific information exists for understanding the composition and transformation of DOM in RAS. In this study, a non-targeted approach using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a hybrid quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometer (UPLC-QTOF-MS) was used to characterize compositional changes of low molecular weight (LMW) DOM in RAS, when operated under two different feed types. A total of 1823 chemicals were identified and the majority of those contained a CHON chemical group in their structure. Changes in the composition of LMW-DOM in RAS waters were observed when the standard feed was switched to RAS feed. The DOM with the use of standard feed, consisted mainly of lignin/CRAM-like, CHO and CHOS chemical groups, while the DOM that used RAS feed, was mainly composed by unsaturated hydrocarbon, CHNO and CHNOS chemical groups. The Bray-Curtis dissimilarity cluster demonstrated differences in the composition of DOM from RAS and was associated to the type of feed used. When the RAS feed was used, the Kendrick mass defect plots of -CH2- homologous units in the pump-sump (after the water treatment) showed a high removal capacity for CHNO, CHNOS and halogenated chemicals with high Kendrick mass defect, KMD > 0.7. To our knowledge, this is the first report of LMW-DOM characterization of RAS by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Aguilar-Alarcón
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 1, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Susana V Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 1, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mads A Simonsen
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 1, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ana R Borrero-Santiago
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 1, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Josep Sanchís
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, H(2)O Building, C/Emili Grahit, 101, E17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | | | | | - Alexandros G Asimakopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 1, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Øyvind Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 1, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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33
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Spectral and mass spectrometric characteristics of different molecular weight fractions of dissolved organic matter. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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34
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Patriarca C, Balderrama A, Može M, Sjöberg PJR, Bergquist J, Tranvik LJ, Hawkes JA. Investigating the Ionization of Dissolved Organic Matter by Electrospray. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14210-14218. [PMID: 32940031 PMCID: PMC7584329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
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Electrospray
ionization (ESI) operating in the negative mode coupled
to high-resolution mass spectrometry is the most popular technique
for the characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM). The vast
molecular heterogeneity and the functional group diversity of this
complex mixture prevents the efficient ionization of the organic material
by a single ionization source, so the presence of uncharacterized
material is unavoidable. The extent of this poorly ionizable pool
of carbon is unknown, is presumably variable between samples, and
can only be assessed by the combination of analysis with a uniform
detection method. Charged aerosol detection (CAD), whose response
is proportional to the amount of nonvolatile material and is independent
from the physicochemical properties of the analytes, is a suitable
candidate. In this study, a fulvic acid mixture was fractionated and
analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
in order to investigate the polarity and size distributions of highly
and poorly ionizable material in the sample. Additionally, DOM samples
of terrestrial and marine origins were analyzed to evaluate the variability
of these pools across the land–sea aquatic continuum. The relative
response factor values indicated that highly ionizable components
of aquatic DOM mixtures are more hydrophilic and have lower molecular
weight than poorly ionizable components. Additionally, a discrepancy
between the samples of terrestrial and marine origins was found, indicating
that marine samples are better represented by ESI than terrestrial
samples, which have an abundant portion of hydrophobic poorly ionizable
material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Patriarca
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrea Balderrama
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden.,Limnology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martina Može
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per J R Sjöberg
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars J Tranvik
- Limnology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey A Hawkes
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden
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35
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Leyva D, Jaffe R, Fernandez-Lima F. Structural Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter at the Chemical Formula Level Using TIMS-FT-ICR MS/MS. Anal Chem 2020; 92:11960-11966. [PMID: 32786462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
TIMS-FT-ICR MS is an important alternative to study the isomeric diversity and elemental composition of complex mixtures. While the chemical structure of many compounds in the dissolved organic matter (DOM) remains largely unknown, the high structural diversity has been described at the molecular level using chemical formulas. In this study, we further push the boundaries of TIMS-FT-ICR MS by performing chemical formula-based ion mobility and tandem MS analysis for the structural characterization of DOM. The workflow described is capable to mobility select (R ∼ 100) and isolate molecular ion signals (Δm/z = 0.036) in the ICR cell, using single-shot ejections after broadband ejections and MS/MS based on sustained off-resonance irradiation collision-induced dissociation (SORI-CID). The workflow results are compared to alternative TIMS-q-FT-ICR MS/MS experiments with quadrupole isolation at nominal mass (∼1 Da). The technology is demonstrated with isomeric and isobaric mixtures (e.g., 4-methoxy-1-naphthoic acid, 2-methoxy-1-naphthoic acid, decanedioic acid) and applied to the characterization of DOM. The application of this new methodology to the analysis of a DOM is illustrated by the isolation of the molecular ion [C18H18O10-H]- in the presence of other isobars at nominal mass 393. Five IMS bands were assigned to the heterogeneous ion mobility profile of [C18H18O10-H]-, and candidate structures from the PubChem database were screened based on their ion mobility and the MS/MS matching score. This approach overcomes traditional challenges associated with the similarity of fragmentation patterns of DOM samples (e.g., common neutral losses of H2O, CO2, and CH2-H2O) by narrowing down the isomeric candidate structures using the mobility domain.
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36
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Lohse M, Blaser SRGA, Vetterlein D, Schlüter S, Oburger E, Reemtsma T, Lechtenfeld OJ. Online Nano Solid Phase Extraction Fourier-Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry Workflow to Analyze Small Scale Gradients of Soil Solution Organic Matter in the Rhizosphere. Anal Chem 2020; 92:10442-10449. [PMID: 32628457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A new method combining online nano solid phase extraction coupled with Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) was developed to extract and analyze organic matter (OM) from microliter volumes of salt containing soil solution samples. This approach allows the reproducible analysis of only minute amounts of organic carbon (down to 10 ng C) without the need of further sample preparation. The new method was applied to unravel developing small-scale patterns of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soil solutions of a soil column experiment in which Zea mays plants were grown for 3 weeks. Soil solution was sampled by micro suction cups from the undisturbed soil-root system once a week. Growth of the root system and, hence, position of individual roots relative to the suction cups was followed by X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT). Our method makes it possible to resolve the chemical complexity of soil solution OM (up to 4300 molecular formulas from 2.5 μL sample). This allows to observe chemical gradients in the rhizosphere on a molecular level over time. The increasing influence of roots on soil solution OM is visible from higher molecular masses, an increasing degree of oxygenation and a higher fraction of formulas containing heteroatoms. The online nano solid phase extraction-FT-ICR-MS method provides novel insight into the processes affecting DOM in the rhizosphere, such as root exudation, microbial processes, and soil organic matter stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lohse
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S R G A Blaser
- Department of Soil System Science, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - D Vetterlein
- Department of Soil System Science, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, 06120, Halle, Germany.,Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - S Schlüter
- Department of Soil System Science, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - E Oburger
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna - BOKU, 3430 Tulln an der Donau Austria
| | - T Reemtsma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - O J Lechtenfeld
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.,ProVIS - Centre for Chemical Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
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37
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Sanchís J, Jaén-Gil A, Gago-Ferrero P, Munthali E, Farré MJ. Characterization of organic matter by HRMS in surface waters: Effects of chlorination on molecular fingerprints and correlation with DBP formation potential. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 176:115743. [PMID: 32272321 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In order to understand and minimize the formation of halogenated disinfection by-products (DBPs), it is important to investigate how dissolved organic matter (DOM) contributes to their generation. In the present study, we analysed the DOM profile of water samples from the Barcelona catchment area by high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and we studied the changes after chlorination. Chlorination produced significant changes in the DOM, decreased the average m/z and Kendrick mass defect (KMD) of their spectra and decreased the number and abundance of lignin-like features. The Van Krevelen (VK) fingerprint exhibited several noticeable changes, including the appearance of highly oxidized peaks in the tannin-like region (average O/C, 0.78 ± 0.08), the appearance of features with low H/C and the disappearance of more than half of the lipids-like features. Up to 657 halogenated peaks were generated during sample chlorination, most of which in the condensed hydrocarbons-like and the lignin-like region of the VK diagram. Around 200 features were found to be strongly correlated (ρ ≥ 0.795) to the formation potential of trihalomethanes (THMs) and 5 were correlated with the formation potential of haloacetonitrile (HANs). They all were plotted in the lignin fraction of the VK diagram, but both groups of features exhibited different nitrogen content: those features related to HANs FP had at least one nitrogen atoms in their structures, whilst those related to THMs did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Sanchís
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, H2O Building, C/Emili Grahit, 101, E17003, Girona, Spain; University of Girona, 17071, Girona, Spain.
| | - Adrián Jaén-Gil
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, H2O Building, C/Emili Grahit, 101, E17003, Girona, Spain; University of Girona, 17071, Girona, Spain
| | - Pablo Gago-Ferrero
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, H2O Building, C/Emili Grahit, 101, E17003, Girona, Spain; University of Girona, 17071, Girona, Spain
| | - Elias Munthali
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, H2O Building, C/Emili Grahit, 101, E17003, Girona, Spain; University of Girona, 17071, Girona, Spain
| | - Maria José Farré
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, H2O Building, C/Emili Grahit, 101, E17003, Girona, Spain; University of Girona, 17071, Girona, Spain.
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38
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Qiu J, Lü F, Zhang H, Huang Y, Shao L, He P. Persistence of native and bio-derived molecules of dissolved organic matters during simultaneous denitrification and methanogenesis for fresh waste leachate. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 175:115705. [PMID: 32200334 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biological treatment of wastewater always leaves plenty of refractory dissolved organic matters (DOM) in effluents, specifically for fresh waste leachate. Aiming at comprehending the production and removal of these compounds, this study investigated DOM transformation in a simultaneous denitrification and methanogenesis with activated sludge (SDM-AS) system with NO3-/NO2- backflow for raw fresh leachate. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) was reduced to 854 ± 120 mg/L from 63000 ± 470 mg/L, and total nitrogen (TN) decreased from 2500 ± 647 mg/L to 404 ± 75 mg/L, during an operation of 440 days. The SDM reactor was fed at organic loading rate of 6.70 kgCOD/(m3·d) to generate 2.52 L CH4/(L·d). Molecular information of leachate DOM was acquired by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Orbitrap mass spectrometry. A DOM classification based on Venn diagram was proposed to divide leachate DOM into seven categories. It revealed that 76-84% of final effluent DOM stemmed from biological derivation. Posteriori non-target screening showed anthropogenic micropollutants, e.g. phosphate flame retardants and industrial agents, probably contributed to the remnant native inert DOM in the effluent at the levels of 5-200 μg/L. DOM Classification also showed a portion of bio-derived DOM can be completely removed by SDM-AS processes, while the rest bio-derived DOM can be partially removed depending on DOM nature and the recirculation ratio. The removal and production rate of a specific bio-derived molecule in respective SDM and AS units theoretically satisfied a hyperbolical and dual relationship in terms of mass balance. The persistence of each DOM category was sorted. These results showed anaerobic degradation could be a promising approach to reduce aerobic bio-derived DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Fan Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Yulong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Liming Shao
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Pinjing He
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
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39
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Pan Q, Zhuo X, He C, Zhang Y, Shi Q. Validation and Evaluation of High-Resolution Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry on Molecular Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:5372-5379. [PMID: 32201827 PMCID: PMC7081437 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a hot topic in subjects such as environmental science and geochemistry. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) has been applied to molecular composition characterization of DOM successfully. However, high instrument and maintenance costs have constrained its wider application. A high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometer (Orbitrap MS) can provide approximately 500,000 resolving power (at m/z 200), which is potentially capable of characterizing the molecular composition of DOM. In this paper, the application of high-resolution Orbitrap MS was evaluated by comparing with FT-ICR MS in the aspect of resolution, mass distribution, detection dynamic range, and isotopic peak intensity ratio. The impact of instrument parameters of Orbitrap MS was further investigated, which includes ionization, ion transfer, and mass detection. The result shows that the high-resolution Orbitrap MS is capable or even preferable for molecular characterization of DOM. However, the peak intensity distributions are dependent on the instrument parameters, which could affect the environmental impact assessment caused by the sample itself. The result indicates that development of a universal and comparable method is of great demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing,
Petroleum Molecular Engineering Center (PMEC), China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Xiaocun Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing,
Petroleum Molecular Engineering Center (PMEC), China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing,
Petroleum Molecular Engineering Center (PMEC), China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yahe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing,
Petroleum Molecular Engineering Center (PMEC), China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing,
Petroleum Molecular Engineering Center (PMEC), China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
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40
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Hawkes JA, Sjöberg PJR, Bergquist J, Tranvik LJ. Complexity of dissolved organic matter in the molecular size dimension: insights from coupled size exclusion chromatography electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. Faraday Discuss 2020; 218:52-71. [PMID: 31120465 DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00222c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigates the relationship between apparent size distribution and molecular complexity of dissolved organic matter from the natural environment. We used a high pressure size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) method coupled to UV-Vis diode array detection (UV-DAD) and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) in order to compare the apparent size of natural organic matter, determined by HPSEC-UV and the molecular mass determined online by ESI-MS. We found that there was a clear discrepancy between the two methods, and found evidence for an important pool of organic matter that has a strong UV absorbance and no ESI-MS signal. Contrary to some previous research, we found no evidence that apparently high molecular weight organic matter is constituted by aggregates of low molecular weight (<1000 Da) material. Furthermore, our results suggest that the majority of apparent size variability within the ESI ionisable pool of organic matter is due to secondary interaction and exclusion effects on the HPSEC column, and not true differences in hydrodynamic size or intermolecular aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hawkes
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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41
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Liu S, He Z, Tang Z, Liu L, Hou J, Li T, Zhang Y, Shi Q, Giesy JP, Wu F. Linking the molecular composition of autochthonous dissolved organic matter to source identification for freshwater lake ecosystems by combination of optical spectroscopy and FT-ICR-MS analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 703:134764. [PMID: 31726300 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Autochthonous dissolved organic matter (DOM) is increasingly released in lakes due to eutrophication, and thus affects the composition and environmental behaviors of DOM in eutrophic lakes. However, there are only limited studies on the molecular characteristics of autochthonous DOM and its influencing mechanisms. Herein, end-member DOM samples of macrophytes, algae, sediments and freshwater DOM samples in eutrophic lakes (Ch:Taihu and Dianchi) were collected and characterized by optical spectroscopy and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). The results revealed the chemical structures of autochthonous DOM were more aliphatic and less oxidized, which was marked by increases in lipid compounds and decreases in the lignin components as compared to the allochthonous DOM-dominated freshwaters. More specially, algae-derived DOM contains more lipid compounds, while macrophyte-derived DOM was dominated by lignin and tannin compounds according to Van Krevelen plots. Sediment-derived DOM contained more N-containing compounds. The traditional optical indices indicated the relative aromaticity covaried with polyphenolic and polycyclic aromatics, whereas those reflecting autochthonous DOM covaried with more aliphatic compounds. Multivariate analysis of FT-ICR-MS data of end-members and freshwaters revealed the predominant terrestrial input to Lake Taihu and greater contribution of algae released DOM to Dianchi. This study provides critical information about the characteristics of autochthonous DOM at a molecular level and confirmed autochthonous DOM was compositionally distinct from allochthonous DOM. Overall autochthonous DOM should be gained more attention in the eutrophic lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zhongqi He
- USDA-ARS Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA
| | - Zhi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Leizhen Liu
- Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Junwen Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yahe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, 18 Fuxue Road, Changping, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, 18 Fuxue Road, Changping, Beijing 102249, China
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Biomedical and Veterinary Biosciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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42
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Qiu J, Lü F, Zhang H, Liu W, Chen J, Deng Y, Shao L, He P. UPLC Orbitrap MS/MS-based fingerprints of dissolved organic matter in waste leachate driven by waste age. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 383:121205. [PMID: 31627183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Waste leachate is a pool of complicated metabolites from waste treatment and disposal as a global environmental problem. The recognition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in leachate is crucial to improve leachate treatment efficiency and comprehend waste stabilization process. The present study acquired the molecular information for DOM in 22 waste leachate samples using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC Orbitrap MS/MS) based on two dimensions of retention time and mass-to-charge ratio. Unique mass peaks occupied more than 20% of the detected mass peaks in each leachate, implying that the molecular information for DOM could be the fingerprint of waste landfills and storage pits. Waste age and composition predominately accounted for this unique DOM. The double-bond equivalent increased and the H/C decreased with waste age. We further found that 57 precursor ion peaks and artificial matter (confirmed as N-butylbenzenesulfonamide) were significantly correlated with waste age by multiple test and non-target screening. These molecular characteristics of raw leachate were first determined to compensate for the evolution of leachate with waste age. The fingerprints of waste leachate can be further applied in environmental monitoring scenarios, e.g., tracing landfill leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Fan Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Wanying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Junlan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Yingtao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Liming Shao
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Pinjing He
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
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43
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Shi Y, Hu H, Ren H. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) removal from biotreated coking wastewater by chitosan-modified biochar: Adsorption fractions and mechanisms. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 297:122281. [PMID: 31812599 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To effectively remove dissolved organic matter (DOM) from actual biotreated coking wastewater (BTCW), a reusable and low-cost chitosan-biochar (CB) was prepared. From the results, CB (52%) exhibited superior removal efficiency compared to that of biochar (12%) and a faster adsorption rate. Analysis of the DOM fractions, molecular weight distribution, fluorescent components, and molecular compositions indicated that chitosan modification made more kinds of DOM components (e.g., hydrophilic substances) have an affinity with biochar. The material characterization and removal characteristics jointly proved that the adsorption efficiency was promoted by the change in pore size distribution and increase in functional groups that provide bonding sites for DOM via hydrogen bonding, acid-base reactions, and electrostatic interactions. Moreover, compared to traditional adsorbent activated carbon, CB exhibited superior removal efficiency and cost-effectiveness. These results demonstrated that CB is a potential alternative adsorbent for advanced DOM treatment of BTCW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanji Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Haidong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
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44
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Gavard R, Jones HE, Palacio Lozano DC, Thomas MJ, Rossell D, Spencer SEF, Barrow MP. KairosMS: A New Solution for the Processing of Hyphenated Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry Data. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3775-3786. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Remy Gavard
- MAS CDT, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh E. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mary J. Thomas
- MAS CDT, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - David Rossell
- Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Department of Economics & Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08005, Spain
| | - Simon E. F. Spencer
- Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Mark P. Barrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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45
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Wünsch UJ, Hawkes JA. Mathematical chromatography deciphers the molecular fingerprints of dissolved organic matter. Analyst 2020; 145:1789-1800. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an02176k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Mathematical chromatography offers information reduction and feature extraction in complex liquid chromatography—mass spectrometry datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urban J. Wünsch
- Chalmers University of Technology
- Architecture and Civil Engineering
- Water Environment Technology
- 41296 Gothenburg
- Sweden
| | - Jeffrey A. Hawkes
- Analytical Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry – BMC
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala
- Sweden
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46
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Spranger T, Pinxteren DV, Reemtsma T, Lechtenfeld OJ, Herrmann H. 2D Liquid Chromatographic Fractionation with Ultra-high Resolution MS Analysis Resolves a Vast Molecular Diversity of Tropospheric Particle Organics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:11353-11363. [PMID: 31478645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A 2D-liquid chromatographic fractionation method was combined with direct infusion electrospray ionization Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to better resolve the high complexity of the organic material in atmospheric particles. The number of assigned molecular formulas increased by a factor of 2.3 for the fractionated sample (18 144) compared to a bulk sample analysis without fractionation (7819), while simultaneously allowing the identification of 71 240 isomeric compounds. Accounting for these isomers has an impact on the means and distributions of different descriptive sample parameters. More than 15 000 compounds were exclusively identified in the fractionated sample providing insights regarding the formation of organosulfates, reduced N-containing compounds, and polyaromatic compounds. Further, a new method for assigning organonitrates and poly-organonitrates based on Kendrick mass defect analysis is presented. The current study implicates that analytical separation leads to much more detailed insights into particle organics composition, while more commonly applied direct infusion MS studies can strongly underestimate composition complexity and lead to biased assignments of bulk organic properties. Overall, the particle organics composition is far more complex than previously shown, while separation through better chromatographic techniques helps to understand formation processes of atmospheric particle constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Spranger
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD) , Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS) , Leipzig 04318 , Germany
| | - Dominik van Pinxteren
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD) , Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS) , Leipzig 04318 , Germany
| | | | | | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD) , Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS) , Leipzig 04318 , Germany
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47
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Solihat NN, Yustiawati, Kim S, Kim S. Elucidating molecular level impact of peat fire on soil organic matter by laser desorption ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:7303-7313. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02108-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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48
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Farré MJ, Jaén-Gil A, Hawkes J, Petrovic M, Catalán N. Orbitrap molecular fingerprint of dissolved organic matter in natural waters and its relationship with NDMA formation potential. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 670:1019-1027. [PMID: 31018417 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a disinfection byproduct that has been classified as probable human carcinogen by the US Environmental Protection Agency. According to the published literature, natural dissolved organic matter (DOM) can be a source of NDMA precursors in drinking water. New advances in chemical characterization of DOM with high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) are allowing researchers to understand these ultra-complex mixtures. The objective of this study is to investigate analytical methodologies based on HRMS to explore NDMA formation from natural waters. To this aim, different waters from drinking water reservoirs in Spain containing NDMA precursors (quantified by means of NDMA formation potential) in concentrations between 17 and 60 ng/L have been studied. The workflow includes DOM solid-phase extraction and Orbitrap analysis with and without chromatographic separation. Here, we show that the molecular composition of DOM across the studied drinking water reservoirs is correlated with the NDMA formation potential. In particular, we found that NDMA formation potential is associated with compounds with high hydrogen saturation (H/C ≥ 1.5), corresponding also to reservoirs with higher background nutrient concentrations and wastewater indicators. Further chromatographic fractionation did not allow better definition of these possible precursors as they were present in different fractions of the chromatogram, suggesting that they were isomerically complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria José Farré
- ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, H(2)O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Adrián Jaén-Gil
- ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, H(2)O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Jeffrey Hawkes
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mira Petrovic
- ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, H(2)O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; ICREA, Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Catalán
- ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, H(2)O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
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49
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Kim D, Kim S, Son S, Jung MJ, Kim S. Application of Online Liquid Chromatography 7 T FT-ICR Mass Spectrometer Equipped with Quadrupolar Detection for Analysis of Natural Organic Matter. Anal Chem 2019; 91:7690-7697. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Donghwi Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Analytical Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjune Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwoo Son
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Maeng-Joon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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50
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Li L, Fang Z, He C, Shi Q. Separation and characterization of marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) by combination of Fe(OH) 3 co-precipitation and solid phase extraction followed by ESI FT-ICR MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:2201-2208. [PMID: 30796484 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01663-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) constitutes a major carbon pool in the global carbon cycle. Characterization of its chemical composition will improve our understanding of its role in global biogeochemical cycles. Currently, solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) analysis has become a powerful approach to characterize the molecular composition of DOM. However, some components in marine DOM, such as highly oxygenated tannin-like molecules, were lost during the SPE process. In this study, a sequential combination of co-precipitation and SPE procedure was proposed to improve the yield of marine DOM extraction. Ferric hydroxide was used as the co-precipitation agent to separate marine DOM, and SPE was carried out for the extraction of DOM from dissolved and precipitate fractions. The total yield in total organic carbon (TOC) and the number of assigned molecules of SPE-DOM increased by 25% and 51%, respectively, compared with those by direct SPE process. The combined process has good selectivity on tannin-like compounds. The result is instructive for the understanding of DOM molecular composition and potential for a routine method for DOM extraction from environmental water samples, especially for marine DOM containing a small amount of tannin-like compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), 18 Fuxue Road, Changping, Beijing, 102249, China.
| | - Zhi Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), 18 Fuxue Road, Changping, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), 18 Fuxue Road, Changping, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), 18 Fuxue Road, Changping, Beijing, 102249, China
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