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Yang K, Zhang Y, Peng J, Xu H, Liu X, Liu H, Li N, Guo L, Li W. Molecular weight-dependent differences in spectral properties and metal-binding behaviors of dissolved organic matter from different lakes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174245. [PMID: 38925395 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays an important role in governing metal speciation and migration in aquatic systems. In this study, various DOM samples were collected from Lakes Erhai, Kokonor, and Chaka, and size-fractionated into high molecular weight (HMW, 1 kDa-0.7 μm) and low molecular weight (LMW, <1 kDa) fractions for measurements of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), spectral properties, and metal binding behaviors. Our results demonstrated that samples from Lake Chaka exhibited the highest DOC concentration and fluorescence indices but the lowest percentage of carbohydrates. Regardless of sampling locations, the HMW-DOM fractions contained higher abundances of aromatic DOM, carbohydrates and protein-like substances, but lower abundance of fulvic acid-like substances compared to those in the LMW fractions. Metal titration experiments coupled with the excitation-emission matrix (EEM)-parallel factor (PARAFAC) modeling revealed that the quenching of the PARAFAC-derived fluorescent components was more pronounced in the presence of Cu(II) compared to Pb(II). Humic-like components emerged as a superior model, exhibiting higher binding affinities for Cu(II) than protein-like substances, while the opposite trend was observed for Pb(II). In samples obtained from Lakes Erhai and Kokonor, the condition stability constants (Log KM) for the binding of both Cu(II) and Pb(II) with the HMW-DOM fraction were higher than those with the LMW-DOM fraction. Conversely, a contrasting trend was observed for Lake Chaka. This study highlighted the heterogeneity in spectral properties and metal-binding behaviors of natural DOMs, contributing to an improved understanding of the molecular interactions between DOM components and metal ions and their environmental fate in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green and High-end Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China; Qinghai Engineering and Technology Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Xining, China.
| | - Yaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green and High-end Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Salt Lakes, Xining, China
| | - Jiaoyu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Green and High-end Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China; Qinghai Engineering and Technology Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Xining, China
| | - Huacheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green and High-end Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China; Qinghai Engineering and Technology Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Xining, China
| | - Haining Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green and High-end Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Salt Lakes, Xining, China
| | - Ning Li
- Qinghai Vocational Technical University, Xining, China
| | - Laodong Guo
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Wu Li
- Key Laboratory of Green and High-end Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Salt Lakes, Xining, China
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2
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Huang F, Graham NJD, Su Z, Xu L, Yu W. Capabilities of Microbial Consortia from Disparate Environment Matrices in the Decomposition of Nature Organic Matter by Biofiltration. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 262:122047. [PMID: 39003956 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a pivotal role in drinking water treatment, influencing the performance of unit processes and final water quality (e.g. disinfection byproduct risk). Biofiltration is an effective method of reducing DOM, but currently lacks a comprehensive appreciation of the association between microbial profiles and biofiltration performance. In this study, bench-scale biofiltration units inoculated with microbial consortia from river and soil matrices were operated successively for comparing their efficacy in terms of DOM removal. The results showed that biofiltration units receiving soil microbes were significantly superior (p < 0.05) to those receiving river inoculated microbes in terms of decomposing DOM recalcitrant fractions and reducing DBP formation potential, resulting in DOC and DBP precursor removals of up to 58.4 % and 87.9 %, respectively. Characterization of the taxonomic composition revealed that differences in the microbial assembly of the two biofilter groups were subject to deterministic rather than stochastic factors. Furthermore, more complicated interspecific relationships and niche structures in soil inoculated biofilters were deciphered by co-occurrence network, providing a plausible profile on a taxonomic division of labor in DOM stepwise degradation. Accordingly, the contribution of microbial compositions was found to be of greater importance than the GAC mass and biomass attached to the media. Thus, this study has advanced the understanding of microbial-mediated DOM decomposition in biofiltration, and also provided a promising strategy for enhancing the process for water use via developing appropriate engineered consortia of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - Nigel J D Graham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Zhaoyang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - Wenzheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China.
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3
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Freeman D, Nelson RK, Pate K, Reddy CM, Ward CP. Forecasting Photo-Dissolution for Future Oil Spills at Sea: Effects of Oil Properties and Composition. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58. [PMID: 39137011 PMCID: PMC11361275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c05169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Photo-dissolution, the photochemical production of water-soluble species from oil, can transfer oil-derived dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from floating surface slicks to the underlying seawater. Photo-dissolution was likely a quantitatively relevant fate process for the Macondo crude oil spilled during the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill, but the importance of photo-dissolution for other oils is poorly constrained. This study evaluated the photo-dissolution reactivities (apparent quantum yields) and modeled rates for oils with diverse physical properties and chemical compositions, including an ultra low sulfur fuel oil (ULSFO). Photo-dissolution from UV (310 nm) light was strongly positively correlated with the fraction of small, gas-oil range compounds (
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle
Haas Freeman
- MIT-WHOI
Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science & Engineering, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
- Department
of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods
Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
| | - Robert K. Nelson
- Department
of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods
Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
| | - Kali Pate
- Department
of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods
Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
| | - Christopher M. Reddy
- Department
of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods
Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
| | - Collin P. Ward
- Department
of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods
Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
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4
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Benz PP, Zito P, Osborn E, Goranov AI, Hatcher PG, Seivert MD, Jeffrey WH. Effects of burning and photochemical degradation of Macondo surrogate oil on its composition and toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2024; 26:1205-1215. [PMID: 38842096 DOI: 10.1039/d4em00023d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Petroleum products in the environment can produce significant toxicity through photochemically driven processes. Burning surface oil and photochemical degradation were two mechanisms for oil removal after the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. After burning, residual oil remains in the environment and may undergo further weathering, a poorly understood fate. Although photochemistry was a major degradation pathway of the DWH oil, its effect on burned oil residue in the environment is under studied. Here, we ignited Macondo surrogate crude oil and allowed it to burn to exhaustion. Water-accommodated fractions (WAFs) of the burn residue were created in full sunlight to determine the effects of photochemical weathering on the burned oil residue. Our findings show that increased dissolved organic carbon concentrations (DOC) for the light unburned and light burned after sunlight exposure positively correlated to decreased microbial growth and production inhibition (i.e. more toxic) when compared to the dark controls. Optical and molecular analytical techniques were used to identify the classes of compounds contributing to the toxicity in the dark and light burned and dark and light unburned WAFs. After light exposure, the optical composition between the light unburned and light burned differed significantly (p < 0.05), revealing key fluorescence signatures commonly identified as crude oil degradation products. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) analysis showed more condensed aromatic, reduced oxygenated compounds present in the light burned than in the light unburned. FT-ICR MS also showed an increase in the percent relative abundance of carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules (CRAM) like compounds in the light burned compared to light unburned. The increase in CRAM suggests that the composition of the light burned is more photorefractory, i.e., reduced, explaining the residual toxicity observed in microbial activity. Overall, these data indicate burning removes some but not all toxic compounds, leaving behind compounds which retain considerable toxicity. This study shows that burn oil residues are photolabile breaking down further into complex reduced compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela P Benz
- Department of Chemistry, University of West Florida, 11000 University Parkway, Pensacola, FL 32514, USA.
| | - Phoebe Zito
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Analysis & Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| | - Ed Osborn
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Analysis & Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| | - Aleksandar I Goranov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Patrick G Hatcher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Matthew D Seivert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Wade H Jeffrey
- Center for Environmental Diagnostics and Bioremediation, University of West Florida, 11000 University Parkway, Pensacola, FL 32514, USA
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5
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Redman ZC, Robine S, Burkhead J, Tomco PL. Non-target analysis of crude oil photooxidation products at high latitudes and their biological effects. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 356:141794. [PMID: 38579945 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
With new oil and gas lease sales in high-latitude regions, there exists a need to better understand the chemical fate of spilled oil and its effects on biological life. To address this need, laboratory simulations of crude oil spills under sub-Arctic conditions were conducted using artificial seawater and exposure to solar irradiation to create Hydrocarbon Oxidation Products (HOPs). HOPs characterization and their biological effects were assessed using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) with high resolution mass Orbitrap spectrometry and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) chemically activated luciferase gene expression (CALUX) assay. Non-target UHPLC-Orbitrap mass spectrometry analysis identified 251 HOPs that were in greater abundance in light-exposed samples than dark controls. Oxidized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were also detected, including phenanthrene quinone, anthraquinone, hydroxyanthraquinone, and 9-fluoreneone. The composition of HOPs were consistent with photo-products of alkylated two to four ring PAHs, primarily compounds between 1 and 3 aromatic rings and 1-3 oxygens. The HOP mixture formed during photochemical weathering of Cook Inlet crude oil induced greater AhR activity than parent petroleum products solubilized in dark controls, indicating that HOPs, as a complex mixture, may contribute to petroleum toxicity more than the parent petroleum compounds. These non-targeted approaches provide the most comprehensive analysis of hydrocarbon oxidation products to date, highlighting the diversity of the complex mixture resulting from the photooxidation of crude oil and the limitations of targeted analyses for adequately monitoring HOPs in the environment. Taken together, these data identify a critical "blind spot" in environmental monitoring and spill clean-up strategies as there is a diverse pool of HOPs that may negatively impact human and ecosystem health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary C Redman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA.
| | - Sage Robine
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Jason Burkhead
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Patrick L Tomco
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
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6
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Jin Z, Zhang W, Wang X, Liu A, Li Z, Bai Y, Wu F. Leaching behaviors of dissolved organic matter from face masks revealed by fluorescence EEM combined with FRI and PARAFAC. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 254:121399. [PMID: 38447375 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Despite numerous studies investigating the occurrence and fate of microplastics, no effort has been devoted toward exploring the characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) leached from face masks mainly made of plastics and additives used in large quantities during the COVID-19 pandemic. By using FTIR, UV-vis, fluorescence EEM coupling with FRI and PARAFAC, and kinetic models of leaching experiments, we explored the leaching behaviors of face mask-derived DOM (FM-DOM) from commonly used face masks including N95, KN95, medical surgical masks, etc. The concentration of FM-DOM increased quickly at early 0-48 h and reached equilibrium at about 48 h measured in terms of dissolved organic carbon and fluorescence intensity. The protein-like materials ranged from 80.32 % to 89.40 % of percentage fluorescence response (Pi,n) were dominant in four types of FM-DOM analyzed by fluorescence EEM-FRI during the leaching experiments from 1 to 360 h. Four fluorescent components were identified, which included tryptophan-like components, tyrosine-like components, microbial protein-like components, and fulvic-like components with fluorescence EEM-PARAFAC models. The multi-order kinetic model (Radj2 0.975-0.999) fitted better than the zero-order and first-order kinetic model (Radj2 0.936-0.982) for all PARAFAC components of FM-DOM based on equations derived by pseudo kinetic models. The leaching rate constants (kn) ranged from 0.058 to 30.938 and the half-life times (T1/2) ranged from 2.73 to 24.87 h for four FM-DOM samples, following the solubility order of fulvic-like components (C4) > microbial protein-like components (C3) > tryptophan-like components (C1) > tyrosine-like components (C2) for FM-DOM from four types of face masks during the leaching experiment from 0 to 360 h. These novel findings will contribute to the understanding of the underappreciated environment impact of face masks in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Weibo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xihuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Ang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yingchen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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7
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Zito P, Sihota N, Mohler RE, Podgorski DC. The formation, reactivity, and fate of oxygen-containing organic compounds in petroleum-contaminated groundwaters: A state of the science review and future research directions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170619. [PMID: 38311075 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Hydrocarbon (HC) contamination in groundwater (GW) is a widespread environmental issue. Dissolved hydrocarbons in water are commonly utilized as an energy source by natural microbial communities, which can produce water soluble intermediate metabolite compounds, herein referred to as oxygen containing organic compounds (OCOCs), before achieving complete mineralization. This review aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the literature focused on the state of the science for OCOCs detected and measured in GW samples collected from petroleum contaminated aquifers. In this review, we discuss and evaluate two hypotheses investigating OCOC formation, which are major points of contention in the freshwater oil spill community that need to be addressed. We reviewed over 150 articles compiling studies investigating OCOC formation and persistence to uncover knowledge gaps in the literature and studies that recommend quantitative and qualitative measurements of OCOCs in petroleum-contaminated aquifers. This review is essential because no consensus exists regarding specific compounds and related concerns. We highlight the knowledge gaps to progressing the discussion of hydrocarbon conversion products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Zito
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Analysis & Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA.
| | - Natasha Sihota
- Chevron Technical Center, 6001 Bollinger Canyon Road, San Ramon, CA 94583, USA
| | - Rachel E Mohler
- Chevron Technical Center, 100 Chevron Way, Richmond, CA 94801, USA
| | - David C Podgorski
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Analysis & Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; Pontchartrain Institute of Environmental Science, Shea Penland Coastal Education and Research Facility, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
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8
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Podgorski DC, Walley J, Shields MP, Hebert D, Harsha ML, Spencer RGM, Tarr MA, Zito P. Dispersant-enhanced photodissolution of macondo crude oil: A molecular perspective. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132558. [PMID: 37729707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Previous laboratory studies developed a conceptual model based on elevated non-volatile dissolved organic carbon (NVDOC) concentrations after photodegradation and subsequent dissolution of Macondo oil following the Deepwater Horizon blowout. However, those experiments did not account for the effects of ∼1 million gallons of dispersant applied to the surface oil. Here, laboratory results show photodissolution in the presence of dispersant results in > 2x increase in NVDOC concentrations after extensive photoprocessing relative to oil without dispersant. This result corresponds with an apparent increase in the percentage of surface oil photodissolution from approximately 4% in the absence of dispersant to 7% in the presence of dispersant. The oil and dissolved products were analyzed by excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy and ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry. The compounds that persisted in the oil phase are relatively aromatic without dispersant, while those in the presence of dispersant are highly aliphatic, paraffinic, wax-like compounds. The composition of the dissolved compounds produced from both treatment types are nearly identical after 240 h of exposure to simulated sunlight. The NVDOC and chemical composition information indicate that the photodissolution of MC252 oil in the presence of dispersant is enhanced and accelerated, suggesting that the effects of dispersants should be included in mass transfer calculations from the oil to the aqueous phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Podgorski
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive New Orleans, LA 70148, United States; Chemical Analysis & Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive New Orleans, LA 70148, United States; Pontchartrain Institute for Environmental Sciences, Shea Penland Coastal Education and Research Facility, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive New Orleans, LA 70148, United States.
| | - Jacob Walley
- Department of Natural Sciences, Gardner-Webb University, Boiling Springs, NC 28017, United States
| | - Matthew P Shields
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive New Orleans, LA 70148, United States
| | - Deja Hebert
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive New Orleans, LA 70148, United States
| | - Maxwell L Harsha
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive New Orleans, LA 70148, United States
| | - Robert G M Spencer
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Geochemistry Group, Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32310, United States
| | - Matthew A Tarr
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive New Orleans, LA 70148, United States
| | - Phoebe Zito
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive New Orleans, LA 70148, United States; Chemical Analysis & Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive New Orleans, LA 70148, United States
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9
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Elsheref M, Messina L, Tarr MA. Photochemistry of oil in marine systems: developments since the Deepwater Horizon spill. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:1878-1908. [PMID: 37881013 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00248a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Oil spills represent a major source of negative environmental impacts in marine systems. Despite many decades of research on oil spill behavior, photochemistry was neglected as a major factor in the fate of oil spilled in marine systems. Subsequent to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, numerous studies using varied approaches have demonstrated the importance of photochemistry, including short-term impacts (hours to days) that were previously unrecognized. These studies have demonstrated the importance of photochemistry in the overall oil transformation after a spill and more specifically the impacts on emulsification, oxygenation, and microbial interactions. In addition to new perspectives, advances in analytical approaches have allowed an improved understanding of oil photochemistry after maritime spill. Although the literature on the Deepwater Horizon spill is extensive, this review focuses only on studies relevant to the advances in oil photochemistry understanding since the Deepwater Horizon spill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elsheref
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA.
| | - Lena Messina
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA.
| | - Matthew A Tarr
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA.
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10
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Stubbins A, Zhu L, Zhao S, Spencer RGM, Podgorski DC. Molecular Signatures of Dissolved Organic Matter Generated from the Photodissolution of Microplastics in Sunlit Seawater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:20097-20106. [PMID: 37955971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Plastics are accumulating on Earth, including at sea. The photodegradation of microplastics floating in seawater produces dissolved organic matter (DOM), indicating that sunlight can photodissolve microplastics at the sea surface. To characterize the chemistry of DOM produced as microplastics photodissolve, three microplastics that occur in surface waters, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and expanded polystyrene (EPS), were incubated floating on seawater in both the light and the dark. We present the molecular signatures of the DOM produced during these incubations, as determined via ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry. Zero to 12 products were identified in the dark, whereas 319-705 photoproducts were identified in the light. Photoproduced DOM included oxygen atoms, indicating that soluble, oxygen-containing organics were formed as plastics photodegrade. PP and PE plastics have hydrogen-to-carbon (H/C) ratios of 2 and generated DOM with average H/C values of 1.7 ± 0.1 to 1.8 ± 0.1, whereas EPS, which has an H/C of 1, generated DOM with an average H/C of 0.9 ± 0.2, indicating the stoichiometry of photoproduced DOM was related to the stoichiometry of the photodegrading polymer. The photodissolution of plastics produced hundreds of photoproducts with varying elemental stoichiometries, indicating that a single abiotic process (photochemistry) can generate hundreds of different chemicals from stoichiometrically monotonous polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron Stubbins
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University, Hurtig 102, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Hurtig 102, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Lixin Zhu
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University, Hurtig 102, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Shiye Zhao
- Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - Robert G M Spencer
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - David C Podgorski
- Pontchartrain Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Analysis & Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148, United States
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11
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Counihan KL, McKenna AM, Hebert D, Tomco P, Zito P. Photo-Enhanced Oil Toxicity to Alcid Immune Function. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:2701-2711. [PMID: 37671848 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Oil spills are devastating to seabirds, causing high levels of mortality and toxic physiological effects, especially to immune function. Sunlight exposure can further enhance the toxicity of oil to marine species by generating photodegradation products. Photo-enhanced oil toxicity to marine birds has not been studied. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to investigate the toxicity and photo-enhanced toxicity of oil to lymphocyte proliferation, macrophage phagocytosis, and reactive oxygen species production in three alcid species, common murres (Uria aalge), tufted puffins (Fratercula cirrhata), and horned puffins (Fratercula corniculata). Intrinsic factors (species, age, and sex) had a more significant effect on lymphocyte proliferation than exposure to oil or photoactivated oil. Macrophage phagocytosis was significantly reduced in oil and photoactivated oil treatments, whereas hydrogen peroxide production was significantly increased. Interestingly, nonphotoactivated oil stimulated significantly more hydrogen peroxide than photoactivated oil. The results suggest that alcid immune function could be variably influenced during an oil spill depending on the species, sex, and age of the bird as well as the season and level of sunlight exposure. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2701-2711. © 2023 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy M McKenna
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Ion Cyclotron Resonance Facility, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Deja Hebert
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Analysis & Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Patrick Tomco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Phoebe Zito
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Analysis & Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
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12
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Kou Y, Yang B, Jiang J, Sun H, Zhang R, Li Z, Wang Q, Shi Q, Chen C. Characteristics of dissolved organic matter in point-source wastewaters at a petrochemical plant: Molecular constituents and contributions to the influent of wastewater treatment plant. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117157. [PMID: 37726030 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in point-source petrochemical wastewaters (PCWs) from different operating units is closely linked to the efficiency of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). However, systematic studies on DOM characters of point-source PCWs and their influences on WWTP influents were seldom conducted. In this study, DOM in three low-salinity point-source PCWs and four high-salinity point-source PCWs at a typical petrochemical plant were comprehensively characterized at a molecular level. Orbitrap mass spectrometry results indicated that point-source PCWs had diverse DOM constituents tightly related to the corresponding petrochemical processes. Phenols in oily wastewaters (OW), phenols and N-containing compounds in coal partial oxidation wastewater (POXW), and naphthenic acids (NAs) and aromatic acids in crude oil electric desalting unit wastewater (EDW) were characteristic DOM constituents for low-salinity point-source PCWs. While S-containing compounds (mercaptans, thiophenes) and NAs in spent caustic liquors (SCL), alcohols and esters in butanol-octanol plant wastewater (BOW), high molecular weight aromatic ketones in phenol-acetone plant wastewater (PAW), and oxygenated NAs as well as short chain N-containing compounds in concentrate from reverse osmosis unit (ROC) were characteristic DOM constituents for high-salinity point-source PCWs. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that though with relative low pollutant contents (OW) and discharge volume (EDW), N/O/S-containing compounds of OW and EDW greatly contributed to the polar DOM constituents of low-salinity influent in WWTP (R > 0.5, P < 0.001). While N-containing compounds of ROC mainly contributed to the polar DOM of high-salinity influent (R > 0.5, P < 0.001). Though N-/S-containing species in PAW had low contents, they also posed obvious impacts on DOM constituents of high-salinity influent. Interestingly, some O-/S-containing species were newly formed during the confluent process of high-salinity point-source PCWs. The results strengthened the combined contributions of pollutants contents, discharge emission and DOM constituents of point-source PCWs to the water matrix of WWTP influents, which would provide reference for the management of PCW streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China.
| | - Baiyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Juntao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - He Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China.
| | - Qinghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Chunmao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
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13
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Du P, Chen G, Zhang P, Yang B, Wang J. Photo-transformation of wastewater effluent organic matter reduces the formation potential and toxicity of chlorinated disinfection byproducts. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 265:115515. [PMID: 37774544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Sunlight exposure can degrade and transform discharged wastewater effluent organic matter (EfOM) in aquatic systems, potentially enhancing the feasibility of reusing wastewater for drinking purposes. However, there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the sunlight-induced changes in the molecular-level composition, characteristics, and chlorine reactivity of EfOM. Herein, we investigated the impact of sunlight on the optical properties, chemical composition, and formation of disinfection byproducts of EfOM using multiple spectroscopic analyses, high-resolution mass spectrometry, chlorination experiments, and in vitro bioassays. Upon natural sunlight exposure, we observed significant decreases in ultraviolet-visible absorbance and fluorescence intensity of EfOM, indicating the destruction of chromophores and fluorophores. Photolysis generally yields products with lower molecular weight and aromaticity, and with higher saturation and oxidation levels. Moreover, a shift within the EfOM from condensed aromatic-like compounds to tannin-like components was observed. Furthermore, sunlight exposure reduced the reactivity of EfOM toward the formation of trihalomethanes and haloacetonitriles during chlorination, while there was a slight increase in the specific formation potential of haloketones. Importantly, the disinfection byproducts resulting from chlorination of the irradiated EfOM exhibited reduced microtoxicity. Overall, this study provides new insights into alterations in EfOM under sunlight exposure and aids in predicting the health risks of effluent discharge in water environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Du
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Guoping Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Biwei Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Junjian Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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14
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Zito P, Bekins BA, Martinović-Weigelt D, Harsha ML, Humpal KE, Trost J, Cozzarelli I, Mazzoleni LR, Schum SK, Podgorski DC. Photochemical mobilization of dissolved hydrocarbon oxidation products from petroleum contaminated soil into a shallow aquifer activate human nuclear receptors. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132312. [PMID: 37604033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Elevated non-volatile dissolved organic carbon (NVDOC) concentrations in groundwater (GW) monitoring wells under oil-contaminated hydrophobic soils originating from a pipeline rupture at the National Crude Oil Spill & Natural Attenuation Research Site near Bemidji, MN are documented. We hypothesized the elevated NVDOC is comprised of water-soluble photooxidation products transported from the surface to the aquifer. We use field and laboratory samples in combination with complementary analytical methods to test this hypothesis and determine the biological response to these products. Observations from optical spectroscopy and ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry reveal a significant correlation between the chemical composition of NVDOC leached from photochemically weathered soils and GW monitoring wells with high NVDOC concentrations measured in the aquifer beneath the contaminated soil. Conversely, the chemical composition from the uncontaminated soil photoleachate matches the NVDOC observed in the uncontaminated wells. Contaminated GW and photodissolution leachates from contaminated soil activated biological targets indicative of xenobiotic metabolism and exhibited potential for adverse effects. Newly formed hydrocarbon oxidation products (HOPs) from fresh oil could be distinguished from those downgradient. This study illustrates another pathway for dissolved HOPs to infiltrate GW and potentially affect human health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Zito
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Analysis Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA.
| | | | | | - Maxwell L Harsha
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Analysis Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| | - Katherine E Humpal
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Analysis Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| | - Jared Trost
- US Geological Survey, Mounds View, MN 55112, USA
| | - Isabelle Cozzarelli
- US Geological Survey, Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center, Reston, VA 20191, USA
| | - Lynn R Mazzoleni
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Advanced Resolution Methods Laboratory, Michigan Technological University, 1400, Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Simeon K Schum
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Advanced Resolution Methods Laboratory, Michigan Technological University, 1400, Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - David C Podgorski
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Analysis Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; Pontchartrain Institute for Environmental Sciences, Shea Penland Coastal Education Research Facility, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA
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15
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Zito P, Podgorski DC, Tarr MA. Emerging Chemical Methods for Petroleum and Petroleum-Derived Dissolved Organic Matter Following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2023; 16:429-450. [PMID: 37314877 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091522-110825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that oil chemistry and oils spills have been studied for many years, there are still emerging techniques and unknown processes to be explored. The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico resulted in a revival of oil spill research across a wide range of fields. These studies provided many new insights, but unanswered questions remain. Over 1,000 journal articles related to the Deepwater Horizon spill are indexed by the Chemical Abstract Service. Numerous ecological, human health, and organismal studies were published. Analytical tools applied to the spill include mass spectrometry, chromatography, and optical spectroscopy. Owing to the large scale of studies, this review focuses on three emerging areas that have been explored but remain underutilized in oil spill characterization: excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy, black carbon analysis, and trace metal analysis using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Zito
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA;
- Chemical Analysis and Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - David C Podgorski
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA;
- Chemical Analysis and Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Pontchartrain Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Matthew A Tarr
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA;
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16
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Jin X, Chen X, Gao L, Chen X, Ge J, Wei F, Lu H, Wu Y, Cui J, Yuan M. A self-organizing map approach to the analysis of lake DOM fluorescence for differentiation of organic matter sources. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27860-y. [PMID: 37231130 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27860-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The sources and properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in two lakes with different non-point source inputs were investigated by combining conventional three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy methods with a self-organizing map (SOM). To assess the DOM humification level, the representative neurons 1, 11, 25, and 36 were assessed. The SOM model showed that the DOM humification level of the Gaotang Lake (GT) which has a mainly agricultural non-point source input was significantly higher than that of the Yaogao Reservoir (YG) which has a mainly terrestrial source input (P < 0.01). The GT DOM mainly came from factors such as agricultural-related farm compost and decaying plants, while the YG DOM originated from human activities around the lake. The source characteristics of the YG DOM are obvious, with a high level of biological activity. Five representative areas in the fluorescence regional integral (FRI) were compared. The comparison showed that during the flat water period, the GT water column showed more terrestrial characteristics, even though the humus-like fractions in the DOM of both lakes were derived from microbial decomposition. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the agricultural lake water DOM (GT) was dominated by humus components, while the urban lake water DOM (YG) was dominated by authigenic sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xincheng Jin
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China.
| | - Liangmin Gao
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Xudong Chen
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Juan Ge
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Feiyan Wei
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Hansong Lu
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Yufan Wu
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Jiahui Cui
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Menghang Yuan
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
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17
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Alloy MM, Finch BE, Ward CP, Redman AD, Bejarano AC, Barron MG. Recommendations for advancing test protocols examining the photo-induced toxicity of petroleum and polycyclic aromatic compounds. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 256:106390. [PMID: 36709615 PMCID: PMC10519366 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Photo-induced toxicity of petroleum products and polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) is the enhanced toxicity caused by their interaction with ultraviolet radiation and occurs by two distinct mechanisms: photosensitization and photomodification. Laboratory approaches for designing, conducting, and reporting of photo-induced toxicity studies are reviewed and recommended to enhance the original Chemical Response to Oil Spills: Ecological Research Forum (CROSERF) protocols which did not address photo-induced toxicity. Guidance is provided on conducting photo-induced toxicity tests, including test species, endpoints, experimental design and dosing, light sources, irradiance measurement, chemical characterization, and data reporting. Because of distinct mechanisms, aspects of photosensitization (change in compound energy state) and photomodification (change in compound structure) are addressed separately, and practical applications in laboratory and field studies and advances in predictive modeling are discussed. One goal for developing standardized testing protocols is to support lab-to-field extrapolations, which in the case of petroleum substances often requires a modeling framework to account for differential physicochemical properties of the constituents. Recommendations are provided to promote greater standardization of laboratory studies on photo-induced toxicity, thus facilitating comparisons across studies and generating data needed to improve models used in oil spill science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Alloy
- Office of Research and Development, US EPA, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Bryson E Finch
- Department of Ecology, State of Washington, Lacey, WA, USA
| | - Collin P Ward
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Mace G Barron
- Office of Research & Development, US EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL, USA
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18
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Chen W, Yu Z, Yang X, Wang T, Li Z, Wen X, He Y, Zhang C. Unveiling the Role of Dissolved Organic Matter on the Hg Phytoavailability in Biochar-Amended Soils. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3761. [PMID: 36834455 PMCID: PMC9963283 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochar can effectively reduce the phytoavailability of mercury (Hg) in soil, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, the dynamic changes in Hg content adsorbed by the biochar (BC-Hg), Hg phytoavailability in the soil (P-Hg), and soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) characteristics were determined over a 60-day treatment period. Biochar obtained at 300 °C, 500 °C and 700 °C reduced the P-Hg concentration assessed by MgCl2 extraction by 9.4%, 23.5% and 32.7%, respectively. However, biochar showed a very limited adsorption on Hg, with the maximum BC-Hg content only accounting for 1.1% of the total amount. High-resolution scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) results showed that the proportion of Hg atoms in biochar after 60 d was barely detectable. Biochar treatment can shift soil DOM toward higher aromatic content and molecular weight. Additionally, the addition of high-temperature biochar increased more humus-like components, but low-temperature biochar increased more protein-like components. Correlation analysis and partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) showed that biochar promoted humus-like fractions formation to reduce the Hg phytoavailability. This research has deepened the understanding of the mechanisms by which biochar stabilizes Hg in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zhigang Yu
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (Formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Tantan Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zihao Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xin Wen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yubo He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Chang Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
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19
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Roman-Hubers AT, Aeppli C, Dodds JN, Baker ES, McFarlin KM, Letinski DJ, Zhao L, Mitchell DA, Parkerton TF, Prince RC, Nedwed T, Rusyn I. Temporal chemical composition changes in water below a crude oil slick irradiated with natural sunlight. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 185:114360. [PMID: 36413931 PMCID: PMC9741762 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Photooxidation can alter the environmental fate and effects of spilled oil. To better understand this process, oil slicks were generated on seawater mesocosms and exposed to sunlight for 8 days. The molecular composition of seawater under irradiated and non-irradiated oil slicks was characterized using ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry and polyaromatic hydrocarbons analyses. Biomimetic extraction was performed to quantify neutral and ionized constituents. Results show that seawater underneath irradiated oil showed significantly higher amounts of hydrocarbons with oxygen- and sulfur-containing by-products peaking by day 4-6; however, concentrations of dissolved organic carbon were similar. Biomimetic extraction indicated toxic units in irradiated mesocosms increased, mainly due to ionized components, but remained <1, suggesting limited potential for ecotoxicity. Because the experimental design mimicked important aspects of natural conditions (freshly collected seawater, natural sunlight, and relevant oil thickness and concentrations), this study improves our understanding of the effects of photooxidation during a marine oil spill.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christoph Aeppli
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME, United States of America
| | - James N Dodds
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Erin S Baker
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Kelly M McFarlin
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Clinton, NJ, United States of America
| | - Daniel J Letinski
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Clinton, NJ, United States of America
| | - Lin Zhao
- ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company, Spring, TX, United States of America
| | | | | | - Roger C Prince
- Stonybrook Apiary, Pittstown, NJ, United States of America
| | - Tim Nedwed
- ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company, Spring, TX, United States of America
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America.
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20
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Glattke TJ, Chacón-Patiño ML, Hoque SS, Ennis TE, Greason S, Marshall AG, Rodgers RP. Complex Mixture Analysis of Emerging Contaminants Generated from Coal Tar- and Petroleum-Derived Pavement Sealants: Molecular Compositions and Correlations with Toxicity Revealed by Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:12988-12998. [PMID: 36041117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pavement sealants are of environmental concern because of their complex petroleum-based chemistry and potential toxicity. Specifically, coal tar-derived sealants contain high concentrations of toxic/carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that, when weathered, can be transferred into the surrounding environment. Previous studies have demonstrated the effects of coal tar sealants on PAH concentration in nearby waterways and their harmful effects in aquatic ecosystems. Here, we investigate and compare the molecular composition of two different pavement sealants, petroleum asphalt- and coal tar-derived, and their photoproducts, by positive-ion (+) atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) and negative-ion (-) electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled with ultrahigh-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to address species (high-boiling and/or high oxygen content) that lie outside the analytical window of other techniques due to ultra-high molecular complexity. In addition, we evaluate the toxicity of the water-soluble photoproducts by use of Microtox bioassay. The results demonstrate that the coal tar sealant contains higher amounts of PAHs and produces abundant water-soluble compounds, relative to unweathered materials, with a high abundance of PAH-like molecules of high toxicity. By comparison, the asphalt sealant produces fewer toxic water-soluble species, with molecular compositions that are consistent with natural dissolved organic matter. These results capture the mass, chemical diversity, toxicity, and source/photoproduct relationship of these compositionally complex emerging contaminants from the built environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J Glattke
- Ion Cyclotron Resonance Program, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32308, United States
| | - Martha L Chacón-Patiño
- Ion Cyclotron Resonance Program, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Sarajeen Saima Hoque
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Thomas E Ennis
- Watershed Protection Department, City of Austin, Austin Texas 78767, United States
| | - Steve Greason
- Sitelab Corporation, West Newbury, Massachusetts 01985, United States
| | - Alan G Marshall
- Ion Cyclotron Resonance Program, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32308, United States
| | - Ryan P Rodgers
- Ion Cyclotron Resonance Program, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32308, United States
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21
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Philibert M, Luo S, Moussanas L, Yuan Q, Filloux E, Zraick F, Murphy KR. Drinking water aromaticity and treatability is predicted by dissolved organic matter fluorescence. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 220:118592. [PMID: 35613481 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Samples from fifty-five surface water resources and twenty-five drinking water treatment plants in Europe, Africa, Asia, and USA were used to analyse the fluorescence composition of global surface waters and predict aromaticity and treatability from fluorescence excitation emission matrices. Nine underlying fluorescence components were identified in the dataset using parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and differences in aromaticity and treatability could be predicted from ratios between components Hii (λex/λem= 395/521), Hiii (λex/λem= 330/404), Pi, (λex/λem=290/365) and Pii (λex/λem= 275/302). Component Hii tracked humic acids of primarily plant origin, Hiii tracked weathered/oxidised humics and the "building block" fraction measured by LC-OCD, while Pi and Pii tracked amino acids in the "low molecular weight neutrals" LC-OCD fraction. Ratios between PARAFAC components predicted DOC removal at lab scale for French rivers in standardized tests involving coagulation, powdered activated carbon (PAC), chlorination, ion exchange (IEX), and ozonation, alone and in combination. The ratio Hii/Hiii, for convenience named "PARIX" standing for "PARAFAC index", predicted SUVA according to a simple relationship: SUVA = 4.0 x PARIX (RMSEp=0.55) Lmg-1m-1. These results expand the utility of fluorescence spectroscopy in water treatment applications, by demonstrating the existence of previously unknown relationships between fluorescence composition, aromaticity and treatability that appear to hold across diverse surface waters at various stages of drinking water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Philibert
- SUEZ - CIRSEE, 38, rue du Président-Wilson, 78230, Le Pecq, France
| | - Simin Luo
- SUEZ - CIRSEE, 38, rue du Président-Wilson, 78230, Le Pecq, France
| | - Lavel Moussanas
- SUEZ - CIRSEE, 38, rue du Président-Wilson, 78230, Le Pecq, France
| | - Qingqing Yuan
- SUEZ - CIRSEE, 38, rue du Président-Wilson, 78230, Le Pecq, France
| | | | - Flavia Zraick
- SUEZ - CIRSEE, 38, rue du Président-Wilson, 78230, Le Pecq, France
| | - Kathleen R Murphy
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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22
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Brünjes J, Seidel M, Dittmar T, Niggemann J, Schubotz F. Natural Asphalt Seeps Are Potential Sources for Recalcitrant Oceanic Dissolved Organic Sulfur and Dissolved Black Carbon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:9092-9102. [PMID: 35584055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Natural oil seepages contribute about one-half of the annual petroleum input to marine systems. Yet, environmental implications and the persistence of water-soluble hydrocarbons from these seeps are vastly unknown. We investigated the release of oil-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) from natural deep sea asphalt seeps using laboratory incubation experiments. Fresh asphalt samples collected at the Chapopote asphalt volcano in the Southern Gulf of Mexico were incubated aerobically in artificial seawater over 4 weeks. The compositional changes in the water-soluble fraction of asphalt-derived DOM were determined with ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry (Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, FT-ICR-MS) and by excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy to characterize fluorescent DOM (FDOM) applying parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis. Highly reduced aliphatic asphalt-derived DOM was readily biodegraded, while aromatic and sulfur-enriched DOM appeared to be less bioavailable and accumulated in the aqueous phase. A quantitative molecular tracer approach revealed the abundance of highly condensed aromatic molecules of thermogenic origin. Our results indicate that natural asphalt and potentially other petroleum seepages can be sources of recalcitrant dissolved organic sulfur and dissolved black carbon to the ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Brünjes
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany
| | - Michael Seidel
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Thorsten Dittmar
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Jutta Niggemann
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Florence Schubotz
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany
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23
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Aeppli C. Recent advance in understanding photooxidation of hydrocarbons after oil spills. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2021.100763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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24
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Remolina MCR, Li Z, Peleato NM. Application of machine learning methods for rapid fluorescence-based detection of naphthenic acids and phenol in natural surface waters. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 430:128491. [PMID: 35739672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 1.4 billion m3 of fluid tailings produced from oil sands mining operations are currently being held in Alberta, Canada and pose a significant risk to the environment if not properly treated and managed. The ability to quantify levels of toxic compounds, such as naphthenic acids (NAs) and phenol, accurately and rapidly in the produced oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) is required to ensure the protection of the surrounding aquatic environment. In this paper, fluorescence techniques are investigated to rapidly quantify NAs and phenol concentrations in natural surface waters. Machine learning approaches were applied to identify relevant spectral features to improve detection accuracy in the presence of background interference from organic matter in natural waters. NAs were relatively easy to detect by all methods, however deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) resulted in optimized performance for phenol with mean absolute errors of 1.78 - 1.81 mg/L and 4.68-5.41 µg/L, respectively. Visualization of spectral areas of importance revealed that deep CNNs utilized logical areas of the fluorescence spectra associated with NAs and phenol signals. Results suggest machine learning approaches to interpreting fluorescence data can accurately predict individual toxic components of OSPW in natural waters at environmentally relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Claudia Rincón Remolina
- School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, 1137 Alumni Ave., Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | - Ziyu Li
- School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, 1137 Alumni Ave., Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Nicolás M Peleato
- School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, 1137 Alumni Ave., Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
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25
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Katz SD, Chen H, Fields DM, Beirne EC, Keyes P, Drozd GT, Aeppli C. Changes in Chemical Composition and Copepod Toxicity during Petroleum Photo-oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:5552-5562. [PMID: 35435676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photoproducts can be formed rapidly in the initial phase of a marine oil spill. However, their toxicity is not well understood. In this study, oil was irradiated, chemically characterized, and tested for toxicity in three copepod species (Acartia tonsa, Temora longicornis, and Calanus finmarchicus). Irradiation led to a depletion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and n-alkanes in oil residues, along with an enrichment in aromatic and aliphatic oil photoproducts. Target lipid model-based calculations of PAH toxicity units predicted that PAH toxicities were lower in water-accommodated fractions (WAFs) of irradiated oil residues ("irradiated WAFs") than in WAFs of dark-control samples ("dark WAFs"). In contrast, biomimetic extraction (BE) measurements showed increased bioaccumulation potential of dissolved constituents of irradiated WAFs compared to dark WAFs, mainly driven by photoproducts present in irradiated oil. In line with the BE results, copepod mortality increased in irradiated WAFs compared to dark WAFs. However, low copepod toxicities were observed for WAFs produced with photo-oxidized oil slicks collected during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The results of this study suggest that while oil photoproducts have the potential to be a significant source of copepod toxicity, dilution and dispersion of these higher solubility products appear to help mitigate their toxicity at sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D Katz
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, Maine 04544, United States
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, United States
| | - Haining Chen
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, Maine 04544, United States
| | - David M Fields
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, Maine 04544, United States
- Colby College, Waterville, Maine 04901, United States
| | - Erin C Beirne
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, Maine 04544, United States
| | - Phoebe Keyes
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, Maine 04544, United States
| | - Greg T Drozd
- Colby College, Waterville, Maine 04901, United States
| | - Christoph Aeppli
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, Maine 04544, United States
- Colby College, Waterville, Maine 04901, United States
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26
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Cristina RC, Rebeca MF, Marola SY, Xosé Antón ÁS. Leaching and bioavailability of dissolved organic matter from petrol-based and biodegradable plastics. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 176:105607. [PMID: 35398694 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Petrol-based plastic debris reaching the ocean releases dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and it can also leach fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM). DOC is available to microbial uptake but the FDOM bioavailability has been scarcely studied. Although the most common plastic found in the ocean is petrol-based, the use of biodegradable plastic has increased substantially over the last years. Here we analysed the DOC and FDOM released by three petrol-based (LDPE, PS and EPS) and one biodegradable plastic (PLA) in seawater and examined their bioavailability. We found that the three petro-based plastics released FDOM in the protein-like region while the biodegradable PLA did not. FDOM released by EPS was available to microbial uptake while in the LDPE and PS treatments an increase of FDOM was observed, likely because the FDOM production by bacteria was higher than the consumption in those treatments. Biodegradable PLA leached similar amounts of DOC with comparable microbial bioavailability than petrol-based plastics indicating that, in seawater, it was not degraded faster than petro-based plastics. Especial care should be taken with biodegradable plastic since not all the types degrade in the ocean.
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27
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Chen H, McKenna AM, Niles SF, Frye JW, Glattke TJ, Rodgers RP. Time-dependent molecular progression and acute toxicity of oil-soluble, interfacially-active, and water-soluble species reveals their rapid formation in the photodegradation of Macondo Well Oil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 813:151884. [PMID: 34838916 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photodegradation is a significant weathering process that transforms spilled oil, yet, the fate, degradation rate, and molecular transformations that occur through photoinduced pathways remain relatively unknown. The molecular complexity combined with the increased polarity of photoproducts challenges conventional analytical techniques. Here, we catalogue the molecular progression of photochemical transformation products of Macondo Well Oil by negative-ion electrospray ionization (ESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). We track the molecular compositions of oil-soluble, interfacially-active, and water-soluble oil species formed at varying time intervals in photomicrocosm experiments. Short photoirradiation periods (<24 h), not previously reported, are included to reveal rapid photooxidation of native oil components. Surface oil films exposed to solar irradiation were shown to increasingly contribute to the dissolved organic carbon pool as a function of increased irradiation time. FT-ICR MS analysis of acidic species of each fraction identifies tens of thousands of oil-soluble, interfacially-active, and water-soluble phototransformation products, including Ox, NOx, and SOx species. Oil-soluble species incorporate oxygen as a function of irradiation periods. After 96 h of irradiation, ~14 wt% of the photooxidized oil film was interfacially active and contained phototransformed species with up to 12 oxygen atoms per molecule. Water-soluble species correspond to highly oxygenated compounds. Importantly, photochemical oxidation is shown to occur within the first hour. Beyond 24 h, photoproducts remain compositionally similar, highlighting the rapid effect of photodegradation to transform oil species into water-soluble compounds. Molecular fingerprints provided by FT-ICR MS highlight the oxygen dependence on oil/water solubility. Microtox® analysis indicates that the toxicity of water-soluble photoproducts rapidly increases at early irradiation time points (first 24 h) compared to the dark control and reaches a maximum at 6 h of irradiation. Results highlight the temporal, molecular progression of photoproducts as they partition from oil-soluble to oil-soluble interfacially-active, and finally to water-soluble species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA.
| | - Amy M McKenna
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA; Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, 1170 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Sydney F Niles
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 95 Chieftan Way, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Joseph W Frye
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 95 Chieftan Way, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Taylor J Glattke
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 95 Chieftan Way, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Ryan P Rodgers
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 95 Chieftan Way, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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28
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Wise SA, Rodgers RP, Reddy CM, Nelson RK, Kujawinski EB, Wade TL, Campiglia AD, Liu Z. Advances in Chemical Analysis of Oil Spills Since the Deepwater Horizon Disaster. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 53:1638-1697. [PMID: 35254870 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2039093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Analytical techniques for chemical analysis of oil, oil photochemical and biological transformation products, and dispersants and their biodegradation products benefited significantly from research following the 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) disaster. Crude oil and weathered-oil matrix reference materials were developed based on the Macondo well oil and characterized for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, hopanes, and steranes for use to assure and improve the quality of analytical measurements in oil spill research. Advanced gas chromatography (GC) techniques such as comprehensive two-dimensional GC (GC × GC), pyrolysis GC with mass spectrometry (MS), and GC with tandem MS (GC-MS/MS) provide a greater understanding at the molecular level of composition and complexity of oil and weathering changes. The capabilities of high-resolution MS (HRMS) were utilized to extend the analytical characterization window beyond conventional GC-based methods to include polar and high molecular mass components (>400 Da) and to provide new opportunities for discovery, characterization, and investigation of photooxidation and biotransformation products. Novel separation approaches to reduce the complexity of the oil and weathered oil prior to high-resolution MS and advanced fluorescence spectrometry have increased the information available on spilled oil and transformation products. HRMS methods were developed to achieve the required precision and sensitivity for detection of dispersants and to provide molecular-level characterization of the complex surfactants. Overall, research funding following the DWH oil spill significantly advanced and expanded the use of analytical techniques for chemical analysis to support petroleum and dispersant characterization and investigations of fate and effects of not only the DWH oil spill but future spills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Wise
- Scientist Emeritus, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Ryan P Rodgers
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Christopher M Reddy
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Robert K Nelson
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Kujawinski
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Terry L Wade
- Geochemical and Environmental Research Group, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Andres D Campiglia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Zhanfei Liu
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX, USA
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29
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Li LP, Liu YH, Ren D, Wang JJ. Characteristics and chlorine reactivity of biochar-derived dissolved organic matter: Effects of feedstock type and pyrolysis temperature. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 211:118044. [PMID: 35033743 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increasing biochar application worldwide may release more biochar-derived dissolved organic matter (BDOM) to the source water for drinking water supply. However, it is unclear how feedstock types and pyrolysis temperatures for biochar production would affect the characteristics and chlorine reactivity of BDOM. Here, we studied the spectroscopic characteristics of BDOM pyrolyzed from pine needle, wheat straw, walnut shells, alfalfa, pig manure, and sludge derived biochars at 300, 500, and 700 °C, as well as the formation potential of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and their bulk toxicity after BDOM chlorination. The N/C ratio of biochar was higher for N-rich than C-rich feedstocks. Optical analyses indicated that BDOM aromaticity was highest at 700 °C, while the impact of pyrolysis temperature on the molecular weight of BDOM varied greatly among feedstocks. Increasing pyrolysis temperature caused consistently decreased BDOM reactivity toward haloketone formation but did not show consistent impacts on the other DBPs. Among feedstocks, the N-rich sludge showed the highest specific haloacetonitrile formation potential of BDOM at any given pyrolysis temperature. The DBP formation potential from biochar was consistently highest at 300 °C and was higher for N-rich than C-rich feedstocks. The microtoxicity of DBP mixture was highest for the BDOM derived from sludge produced at 300 °C. This study highlights the high variations in characteristics and chlorination reactivity of BDOM with varying feedstocks and pyrolysis temperatures, which implies that more attention should be paid to the environmental impacts of the intensive application of low-temperature biochar from N-rich feedstock such as sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Li
- Research and Development Center for Watershed Environmental Eco-Engineering, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519087, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Yu-Hui Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Dong Ren
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637009, China; Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637009, China
| | - Jun-Jian Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
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30
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Freeman DH, Ward CP. Sunlight-driven dissolution is a major fate of oil at sea. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl7605. [PMID: 35171676 PMCID: PMC8849300 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl7605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenation reactions initiated by sunlight can transform insoluble components of crude oil at sea into water-soluble products, a process called photo-dissolution. First reported a half century ago, photo-dissolution has never been included in spill models because key parameters required for rate modeling were unknown, including the wavelength and photon dose dependence. Here, we experimentally quantified photo-dissolution as a function of wavelength and photon dose, making possible a sensitivity analysis of environmental variables in hypothetical spill scenarios and a mass balance assessment for the 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DwH) spill. The sensitivity analysis revealed that rates were most sensitive to oil slick thickness, season/latitude, and wavelength and less sensitive to photon dose. We estimate that 3 to 17% (best estimate 8%) of DwH surface oil was subject to photo-dissolution, comparable in magnitude to other widely recognized fate processes. Our findings invite a critical reevaluation of surface oil budgets for both DwH and future spills at sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Haas Freeman
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Collin P. Ward
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
- Corresponding author.
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31
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Tomco PL, Duddleston KN, Driskill A, Hatton JJ, Grond K, Wrenn T, Tarr MA, Podgorski DC, Zito P. Dissolved organic matter production from herder application and in-situ burning of crude oil at high latitudes: Bioavailable molecular composition patterns and microbial community diversity effects. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127598. [PMID: 34798546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemical herders and in-situ burning (ISB) are designed to mitigate the effects that oil spills may have on the high latitude marine environment. Little information exists on the water solubilization of petroleum residues stemming from chemically herded ISB and whether these bioavailable compounds have measurable impacts on marine biota. In this experiment, we investigated the effects of Siltech OP40 and crude oil ISB on a) petroleum-derived dissolved organic matter (DOMHC) composition and b) seawater microbial community diversity over 28 days at 4 °C in aquarium-scale mesocosms. Ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry and fluorescence spectroscopy revealed increases in aromaticity over time, with ISB and ISB+OP40 samples having higher % aromatic classes in the initial incubation periods. ISB+OP40 contained a nearly 12-fold increase in the number of DOMHC formulae relative to those before ISB. 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified differences in microbial alpha diversity between seawater, ISB, OP40, and ISB+OP40. Microbial betadiversity shifts were observed that correlated strongly with aromatic/condensed relative abundance and incubation time. Proteobacteria, specifically from the genera Marinomonas and Perlucidibaca experienced -22 and +24 log2-fold changes in ISB+OP40 vs. seawater, respectively. These findings provide an important opportunity to advance our understanding of chemical herders and ISB in the high latitude marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L Tomco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA.
| | - Khrystyne N Duddleston
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Adrienne Driskill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Jasmine J Hatton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Kirsten Grond
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Toshia Wrenn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Matthew A Tarr
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| | - David C Podgorski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; Chemical Analysis & Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; Pontchartrain Institute for Environmental Sciences, Shea Penland Coastal Education and Research Facility, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| | - Phoebe Zito
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; Chemical Analysis & Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
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32
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Huang X, Yan C, Nie M, Chen J, Ding M. Effect of colloidal fluorescence properties on the complexation of chloramphenicol and carbamazepine to the natural aquatic colloids. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131604. [PMID: 34303905 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The complexation mechanism between pharmaceuticals and natural colloids is still uncertain due to the complexity, heterogeneity, and polydispersity of colloids. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of fluorescence properties on the complexation of chloramphenicol (CAP) and carbamazepine (CBZ) to the colloids from Poyang Lake Basin based on the multiple spectroscopic techniques and methods. Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy-parallel factor analysis results illustrated that two humic-like components and two protein-like components of colloids from the rivers and lakes were identified, with the much higher fluorescence intensity of the protein-like substance observed in lake samples. The protein-like substance decreased dramatically with the addition of CAP and CBZ, suggesting its higher binding capacity towards these drugs, especially for CBZ. In addition, the fluorescence quenching titration was proceeded to explore the binding mechanism between the colloids and the pharmaceuticals. Results of synchronous fluorescence spectra and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy demonstrated that the fluorescence quenching effect occurred preferentially between the protein-like substances and the pharmaceuticals, with the stronger complexation for CBZ. Ryan-Weber model fitting results showed that the stability constant ranged from 4.02 to 5.04 with the higher binding capacity observed for the tryptophan-like substance. Combined, the fluorescence components in aquatic colloids could be significantly impacted the complexation of the pharmaceuticals. This study provides deep insights into the fate and pollution protection of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Huang
- School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Caixia Yan
- School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang, 330022, China.
| | - Minghua Nie
- School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang, 330022, China.
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Mingjun Ding
- School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang, 330022, China
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Su Y, Liu C, Du J, Jiang X, Wei W, Tong X. Monitoring of the yogurt fermentation process based on a rapid bio-luminescent chiral pattern recognition of amino acids. Analyst 2022; 147:4570-4577. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an01011a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A luminescent bacterial sensor array was established for the discrimination of multiple chiral amino acids and the monitoring of the yogurt fermentation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 55, Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Chunlan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 55, Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Jiayin Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 55, Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 55, Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Weili Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 55, Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Tong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 55, Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
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Jiang H, Li J, Sun R, Tian C, Tang J, Jiang B, Liao Y, Chen CE, Zhang G. Molecular Dynamics and Light Absorption Properties of Atmospheric Dissolved Organic Matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:10268-10279. [PMID: 34286571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The light-absorbing organic aerosol referred to as brown carbon (BrC) affects the global radiative balance. The linkages between its molecular composition and light absorption properties and how environmental factors influence BrC composition are not well understood. In this study, atmospheric dissolved organic matter (ADOM) in 55 aerosol samples from Guangzhou was characterized using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and light absorption measurements. The abundant components in ADOM were aliphatics and peptide-likes (in structure), or nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds (in elemental composition). The light absorption properties of ADOM were positively correlated with the levels of unsaturated and aromatic structures. Particularly, 17 nitrogen-containing species, which are identified by a random forest, characterized the variation of BrC absorption well. Aggregated boosted tree model and nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis show that the BrC composition was largely driven by meteorological conditions and anthropogenic activities, among which biomass burning (BB) and OH radical were the two important factors. BrC compounds often accumulate with elevated BB emissions and related secondary processes, whereas the photolysis/photooxidation of BrC usually occurs under high solar radiance/•OH concentration. This study first illuminated how environmental factors influence BrC at the molecular level and provided clues for the molecular-level research of BrC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Rong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chongguo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuhong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chang-Er Chen
- Environmental Research Institute/School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Zhang B, Wang X, Fang Z, Wang S, Shan C, Wei S, Pan B. Unravelling molecular transformation of dissolved effluent organic matter in UV/H 2O 2, UV/persulfate, and UV/chlorine processes based on FT-ICR-MS analysis. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 199:117158. [PMID: 33975087 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-based advanced oxidation processes (UV-AOPs) are very promising in advanced treatment of municipal secondary effluents. However, the transformation of dissolved effluent organic matter (dEfOM) in advanced treatment of real wastewater, particularly at molecular level, remains unclear. In this study, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) coupled with multiple statistical analysis were performed to better understand the transformation of dEfOM in UV/H2O2, UV/persulfate (UV/PS), and UV/chlorine treatments. An obvious increase in oxygen content of dEfOM was observed after every UV-AOPs treatment, and the detailed oxygenation processes were further uncovered by mass difference analysis based on 24 types of typical reactions. Generally, UV/H2O2 process was subjected to the most oxygenation reactions with the typical tri-hydroxylation one (+3O), whereas di-hydroxylation reaction (+H2O2) was dominant in UV/PS and UV/chlorine processes. Additionally, the three UV-AOPs shared the majority of precursors, and more proportions of unique products were identified for each process. The precursors with lower H/C and higher aromaticity were readily degraded by UV/chlorine over UV/H2O2 and UV/PS, with the products featuring lower molecular weight. Moreover, dEfOM of high aromaticity tended to produce chlorinated byproducts through addition reactions in chlorination and UV/chlorine processes. Among these UV-AOPs, the highest reduction of both acute toxicity and specific UV absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254) was observed for UV/chlorine, implying the potential for UV/chlorine process in advanced treatment of wastewater. In addition, acute toxicity was highly correlated with SUVA254 and CHOS compounds. This study is believed to help better understand the different fates of dEfOM in real wastewater during UV-AOPs treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuening Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhuoyao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chao Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Si Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bingcai Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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McKenna AM, Chen H, Weisbrod CR, Blakney GT. Molecular Comparison of Solid-Phase Extraction and Liquid/Liquid Extraction of Water-Soluble Petroleum Compounds Produced through Photodegradation and Biodegradation by FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:4611-4618. [PMID: 33660499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We apply two widely used extraction techniques, liquid/liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction with styrene-divinylbenzene polymer with a proprietary nonpolar surface priority pollutant (PPL) to water-soluble compounds generated through photodegradation and biodegradation of petroleum. We compare the molecular composition of bio- and photodegraded water-soluble organic (WSO) acids by 21 T negative-ion electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). We highlight the compositional differences between the two extraction techniques for abiotic and biotic degradation processes and identify known toxic species (naphthenic acids) produced through hydrocarbon biodegradation identified by liquid/liquid extraction (LLE) that are not detected with solid-phase extraction (SPE) of the same sample. Photodegraded WSO compounds extracted by SPE-PPL correspond to species with higher O/C ratio and carbon number compared to LLE extracted compounds. Naphthenic acids, a recalcitrant class of nonaromatic carboxylic acids and known acute toxicants formed through biodegradation of oil, are detected in LLE extracts (up to C30 and double-bond equivalents, DBE < 3) but are not detected in SPE-PPL extracts. This suggests that LLE and SPE-PPL retain different water-soluble oil species based on the dominant type of oil weathering process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M McKenna
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University,1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-4005, United States
| | - Huan Chen
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University,1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-4005, United States
| | - Chad R Weisbrod
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University,1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-4005, United States
| | - Gregory T Blakney
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University,1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-4005, United States
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Podgorski DC, Zito P, Kellerman AM, Bekins BA, Cozzarelli IM, Smith DF, Cao X, Schmidt-Rohr K, Wagner S, Stubbins A, Spencer RGM. Hydrocarbons to carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules: A continuum model to describe biodegradation of petroleum-derived dissolved organic matter in contaminated groundwater plumes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123998. [PMID: 33254831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Relationships between dissolved organic matter (DOM) reactivity and chemical composition in a groundwater plume containing petroleum-derived DOM (DOMHC) were examined by quantitative and qualitative measurements to determine the source and chemical composition of the compounds that persist downgradient. Samples were collected from a transect down the core of the plume in the direction of groundwater flow. An exponential decrease in dissolved organic carbon concentration resulting from biodegradation along the transect correlated with a continuous shift in fluorescent DOMHC from shorter to longer wavelengths. Moreover, ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry showed a shift from low molecular weight (MW) aliphatic, reduced compounds to high MW, unsaturated (alicyclic/aromatic), high oxygen compounds that are consistent with carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules. The degree of condensed aromaticity increased downgradient, indicating that compounds with larger, conjugated aromatic core structures were less susceptible to biodegradation. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed a decrease in alkyl (particularly methyl) and an increase in aromatic/olefinic structural motifs. Collectively, data obtained from the combination of these complementary analytical techniques indicated that changes in the DOMHC composition of a groundwater plume are gradual, as relatively low molecular weight (MW), reduced, aliphatic compounds from the oil source were selectively degraded and high MW, alicyclic/aromatic, oxidized compounds persisted.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Podgorski
- Pontchartrain Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Analysis & Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA.
| | - Phoebe Zito
- Pontchartrain Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Analysis & Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| | - Anne M Kellerman
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | | | | | - Donald F Smith
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | | | - Sasha Wagner
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aron Stubbins
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert G M Spencer
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
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38
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Zhang B, Shan C, Wang S, Fang Z, Pan B. Unveiling the transformation of dissolved organic matter during ozonation of municipal secondary effluent based on FT-ICR-MS and spectral analysis. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 188:116484. [PMID: 33045637 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ozonation is a well-recognized process in advanced treatment of municipal secondary effluent for water reclamation. However, the transformation of dissolved effluent organic matter (dEfOM) during ozonation of real effluents, particularly at molecular level, has been scarcely reported. In this study, we performed ozonation treatments on real secondary effluents from two municipal wastewater treatment plants, and used Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) and various spectroscopic techniques to probe the transformation of dEfOM at four ozone dosage levels (0.28, 0.61, 0.89, and 1.21 mg O3/mg DOC). Most of the precursors were unsaturated and reduced compounds (positive double bond equivalent minus oxygen per carbon ((DBE-O)/C) and negative nominal oxidation state of carbon (NOSC)), whereas the products were mainly the saturated and oxidized ones (negative (DBE-O)/C and positive NOSC). As the ozone dosage increased, the relative abundance of O8-19 species gradually increased in the ozonated samples, whereas an opposite trend was observed for O5-7S1 species. Further, we employed 18 types of reactions to represent the ozonation process, and found that the oxygenation reaction (+3O) possessed the largest number of possible precursor-product pairs, and CHON compounds possessed the highest reactivity. Besides the dominant oxygenation reactions, decyclopropyl (-C3H4) was relatively common reaction for CHON compounds, while it was oxidative desulfonation (-SH2) for CHOS ones. In addition, the transformation of precursors to products accompanied with the drop of (DBE-O)/C, and the increase of NOSC and the O/C ratio. The precursors with aromaticity and fluorescence were mainly correlated with the compounds featuring higher (DBE-O)/C and lower NOSC values. This study is believed to help better understand and improve the application of ozonation process in advanced treatment of real wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chao Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhuoyao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bingcai Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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39
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Zito P, Smith DF, Cao X, Ghannam R, Tarr MA. Barium ion adduct mass spectrometry to identify carboxylic acid photoproducts from crude oil-water systems under solar irradiation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:2313-2321. [PMID: 33150906 DOI: 10.1039/d0em00390e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum derived dissolved organic matter (DOMHC) samples were successfully cationized with barium, revealing many [M-H + Ba]+ peaks in both dark and simulated sunlight treatments. The DOMHC samples generated after light exposure exhibited a greater number of [M-H + Ba]+ peaks compared to the dark control. Multiple [M-H + Ba]+ peaks were investigated in the irradiated DOMHC using low resolution MS/MS in order to confirm the presence of diagnostic fragment ions, m/z 139, 155 and 196 in each treatment. Due to the high complexity of the bariated DOMHC mixture, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS/MS) was employed to obtain molecular level information for both irradiated and dark treatments. The irradiated DOMHC treatments had more bariated oxygenated species over a wide range of H/C and O/C when compared to the dark controls. Doubly bariated species were also observed in DOMHC, which provides evidence that photochemistry transforms DOMHC to even more complex mixtures with multiple oxygenations per molecule. This study provides evidence that barium adduct mass spectrometry can be successfully applied to DOMHC screening for the presence of COOHs, both in dark samples and solar irradiated samples. Furthermore, direct evidence and molecular composition of aqueous phase crude oil photoproducts is provided by this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Zito
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148, USA. and Pontchartrain Institute for Environmental Sciences, Chemical Analysis & Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148, USA
| | - Donald F Smith
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Xian Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148, USA.
| | - Rana Ghannam
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148, USA. and Pontchartrain Institute for Environmental Sciences, Chemical Analysis & Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148, USA
| | - Matthew A Tarr
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148, USA.
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Cai W, Du ZL, Zhang AP, He C, Shi Q, Tian LQ, Zhang P, Li LP, Wang JJ. Long-term biochar addition alters the characteristics but not the chlorine reactivity of soil-derived dissolved organic matter. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 185:116260. [PMID: 32763527 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is widely and increasingly applied to farmlands. However, it remains unclear how long-term biochar addition alters the characteristics and chlorine reactivity of soil-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM), an important terrestrial disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursor in watersheds. Here, we analyzed the spectroscopic and molecular-level characteristics of soil-derived DOM and the formation and toxicity of DBP mixtures from DOM chlorination for two long-term (5 and 11 years) biochar addition experimental farmlands. As indicated by spectroscopic indices and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry analyses, 11 years of biochar addition could increase the humic-like and aromatic and condensed aromatic DOM and decrease the microbial-derived DOM, while 5 years of biochar addition at the other site did not. The response of condensed aromatic dissolved black carbon did not increase with increasing cumulative biochar dose but appeared to be affected by biochar aging time. Despite the possible increase in aromatic DOM, biochar addition neither increased the reactivity of DOM in forming trihalomethanes, haloacetonitriles, chloral hydrates, or haloketones nor significantly increased the microtoxicity or genotoxicity of the DBP mixture. This study indicates that biochar addition in watersheds may not deteriorate the drinking water quality via the export of terrestrial DBP precursors like wildfire events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Cai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhang-Liu Du
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ai-Ping Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Li-Qiao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Li-Ping Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jun-Jian Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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41
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Su Y, Liu C, Jiang X, Wei W. Different bacterial host-based lux reporter array for fast identification and toxicity indication of multiple metal ions. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:8127-8134. [PMID: 32918558 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02943-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although luminescent bacteria-based bioluminescence inhibition assay has been widely used in the toxicity assessment of environmental pollutants, the response of a luminescent bacterium usually lacks specificity to a target analyte. Recently, some specific analyte inductive promoters were fused to the lux genes for the purpose of selective bioluminescent sensing, and suits of specific promoters were fused to lux genes to compose a bioluminescent array sensor for simultaneous identification of multiple analytes. However, specific promoter-based methods still suffer from drawbacks including limited selectivity, slow responding time, expensive to construct different promoters involved plasmids, and laborious to find new promoters. Herein, we proposed a novel strategy to construct a lux reporter array sensor by directly transforming the natural lux genes in different bacterial hosts without the involvement of any specific promoters. Due to the distinct pathways of signal production, the responding time of the current different bacterial host (DBH)-based lux reporter array has nearly an order of magnitude faster than with specific promoter-based methods. The DBH-based lux reporter array was successfully used for simultaneous identification, quantification, and toxicity/bioactivity assessment of multiple metal ions. Obviously, all the chemical synthetic material-based metal ion sensing methods cannot simultaneously achieve analysis and toxicity evaluation. This approach possessed additional advantages of facile construction, easy operation, high selectivity, fast response, and strong adaptability to other analytes. A different bacterial host-based lux reporter array was established for simultaneous analysis and toxicity assessment of multiple metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Chunlan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Weili Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
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42
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Progress in Operational Modeling in Support of Oil Spill Response. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse8090668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Following the 2010 Deepwater Horizon accident of a massive blow-out in the Gulf of Mexico, scientists from government, industry, and academia collaborated to advance oil spill modeling and share best practices in model algorithms, parameterizations, and application protocols. This synergy was greatly enhanced by research funded under the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI), a 10-year enterprise that allowed unprecedented collection of observations and data products, novel experiments, and international collaborations that focused on the Gulf of Mexico, but resulted in the generation of scientific findings and tools of broader value. Operational oil spill modeling greatly benefited from research during the GoMRI decade. This paper provides a comprehensive synthesis of the related scientific advances, remaining challenges, and future outlook. Two main modeling components are discussed: Ocean circulation and oil spill models, to provide details on all attributes that contribute to the success and limitations of the integrated oil spill forecasts. These forecasts are discussed in tandem with uncertainty factors and methods to mitigate them. The paper focuses on operational aspects of oil spill modeling and forecasting, including examples of international operational center practices, observational needs, communication protocols, and promising new methodologies.
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Palacio Lozano DC, Thomas MJ, Jones HE, Barrow MP. Petroleomics: Tools, Challenges, and Developments. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2020; 13:405-430. [PMID: 32197051 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091619-091824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The detailed molecular characterization of petroleum-related samples by mass spectrometry, often referred to as petroleomics, continues to present significant analytical challenges. As a result, petroleomics continues to be a driving force for the development of new ultrahigh resolution instrumentation, experimental methods, and data analysis procedures. Recent advances in ionization, resolving power, mass accuracy, and the use of separation methods, have allowed for record levels of compositional detail to be obtained for petroleum-related samples. To address the growing size and complexity of the data generated, vital software tools for data processing, analysis, and visualization continue to be developed. The insights gained impact upon the fields of energy and environmental science and the petrochemical industry, among others. In addition to advancing the understanding of one of nature's most complex mixtures, advances in petroleomics methodologies are being adapted for the study of other sample types, resulting in direct benefits to other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary J Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom;
- Molecular Analytical Sciences Centre for Doctoral Training, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh E Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom;
- Molecular Analytical Sciences Centre for Doctoral Training, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Mark P Barrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom;
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