1
|
van den Boom R, Vergauwen L, Knapen D. Effects of Metabolic Disruption on Lipid Metabolism and Yolk Retention in Zebrafish Embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024; 43:1880-1893. [PMID: 38860666 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
A subgroup of endocrine-disrupting chemicals have the ability to disrupt metabolism. These metabolism-disrupting chemicals (MDCs) can end up in aquatic environments and lead to adverse outcomes in fish. Although molecular and physiological effects of MDCs have been studied in adult fish, few studies have investigated the consequences of metabolic disruption in fish during the earliest life stages. To investigate the processes affected by metabolic disruption, zebrafish embryos were exposed to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist rosiglitazone, the PPARγ antagonist T0070907, and the well-known environmentally relevant MDC bisphenol A. Decreased apolipoprotein Ea transcript levels indicated disrupted lipid transport, which was likely related to the observed dose-dependent increases in yolk size across all compounds. Increased yolk size and decreased swimming activity indicate decreased energy usage, which could lead to adverse outcomes because the availability of energy reserves is essential for embryo survival and growth. Exposure to T0070907 resulted in a darkened yolk. This was likely related to reduced transcript levels of genes involved in lipid transport and fatty acid oxidation, a combination of responses that was specific to exposure to this compound, possibly leading to lipid accumulation and cell death in the yolk. Paraoxonase 1 (Pon1) transcript levels were increased by rosiglitazone and T0070907, but this was not reflected in PON1 enzyme activities. The present study shows how exposure to MDCs can influence biochemical and molecular processes involved in early lipid metabolism and may lead to adverse outcomes in the earliest life stages of fish. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1880-1893. © 2024 The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rik van den Boom
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lucia Vergauwen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Dries Knapen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu R, Novák J, Hilscherová K. In vitro assessment of thyroid peroxidase inhibition by chemical exposure: comparison of cell models and detection methods. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:2631-2645. [PMID: 38796608 PMCID: PMC11272733 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03766-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Disruption of the thyroid hormone (TH) system is connected with diverse adverse health outcomes in wildlife and humans. It is crucial to develop and validate suitable in vitro assays capable of measuring the disruption of the thyroid hormone (TH) system. These assays are also essential to comply with the 3R principles, aiming to replace the ex vivo tests often utilised in the chemical assessment. We compared the two commonly used assays applicable for high throughput screening [Luminol and Amplex UltraRed (AUR)] for the assessment of inhibition of thyroid peroxidase (TPO, a crucial enzyme in TH synthesis) using several cell lines and 21 compounds from different use categories. As the investigated cell lines derived from human and rat thyroid showed low or undetectable TPO expression, we developed a series of novel cell lines overexpressing human TPO protein. The HEK-TPOA7 model was prioritised for further research based on the high and stable TPO gene and protein expression. Notably, the Luminol assay detected significant peroxidase activity and signal inhibition even in Nthy-ori 3-1 and HEK293T cell lines without TPO expression, revealing its lack of specificity. Conversely, the AUR assay was specific to TPO activity. Nevertheless, despite the different specificity, both assays identified similar peroxidation inhibitors. Over half of the tested chemicals with diverse structures and from different use groups caused TPO inhibition, including some widespread environmental contaminants suggesting a potential impact of environmental chemicals on TH synthesis. Furthermore, in silico SeqAPASS analysis confirmed the high similarity of human TPO across mammals and other vertebrate classes, suggesting the applicability of HEK-TPOA7 model findings to other vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runze Liu
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Pavilion A29, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Novák
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Pavilion A29, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Hilscherová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Pavilion A29, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chang J, Huang R, Zhang Z, Pan Y, Ma Z, Wan B, Wang H. A ubiquitous tire rubber additive induced serious eye injury in zebrafish (Danio rerio). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134461. [PMID: 38696959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that tire wear particles (TWPs) leachate exposure induced serious eye injury in fish through inhibiting the thyroid peroxidase (TPO) enzyme activity. However, the main TPO inhibitors in the leachate were still unknown. In this study, we identified 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) as the potential TPO inhibitor in the TWPs leachate through references search, model prediction based on Danish QSAR and ToxCast database, molecular docking, and in vivo assay. We further explored the toxic mechanism of MBT under environmentally relevant concentrations. The decreased eye size of zebrafish larvae was mainly caused by the decreased lens diameter and cell density in the inner nuclear layer (INL) and outer nuclear layer (ONL) of the retina. Transcriptomics analysis demonstrated that the eye phototransduction function was significantly suppressed by inhibiting the photoreceptor cell proliferation process after MBT exposure. The altered opsin gene expression and decreased opsin protein levels were induced by weakening thyroid hormone signaling after MBT treatment. These results were comparable to those obtained from a known TPO inhibitor, methimazole. This study has identified MBT as the primary TPO inhibitor responsible for inducing eye impairment in zebrafish larvae exposed to TWPs leachate. It is crucial for reducing the toxicity of TWPs leachate in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan RD 19 a, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaoguang Zhang
- North China Electric Power University, Beinong RD 2, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yunrui Pan
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan RD 19 a, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zheng Ma
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan RD 19 a, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Wan
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Huili Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fagundes T, Pannetier P, Gölz L, Behnstedt L, Morthorst J, Vergauwen L, Knapen D, Holbech H, Braunbeck T, Baumann L. The generation gap in endocrine disruption: Can the integrated fish endocrine disruptor test (iFEDT) bridge the gap by assessing intergenerational effects of thyroid hormone system disruption? AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 272:106969. [PMID: 38824743 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) act early in ontogenesis, even prior to the differentiation of thyrocytes. Maternal transfer of THs is therefore known to play an essential role in early development. Current OECD test guidelines for the assessment of TH system disruption (THSD) do not address inter- or transgenerational effects. The integrated fish endocrine disruptor test (iFEDT), a test combining parental and developmental exposure of filial fish, may fill this gap. We tested the ability of the iFEDT to detect intergenerational effects in zebrafish (Danio rerio): Parental fish were exposed to propylthiouracil (PTU), an inhibitor of TH synthesis, or not exposed. The offspring was submitted to a crossed experimental design to obtain four exposure scenarios: (1) no exposure at all, (2) parental exposure only, (3) embryonic exposure only, and (4) combined parental and embryonic exposure. Swim bladder inflation, visual motor response (VMR) and gene expression of the progeny were analysed. Parental, but not embryonic PTU exposure reduced the size of the swim bladder of 5 d old embryos, indicating the existence of intergenerational effects. The VMR test produced opposite responses in 4.5 d old embryos exposed to PTU vs. embryos derived from exposed parents. Embryonic exposure, but not parental exposure increased gene expression of thyroperoxidase, the target of PTU, most likely due to a compensatory mechanism. The gene expression of pde-6h (phosphodiesterase) was reduced by embryonic, but not parental exposure, suggesting downregulation of phototransduction pathways. Hence, adverse effects on swim bladder inflation appear more sensitive to parental than embryonic exposure and the iFEDT represents an improvement in the testing strategy for THSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Fagundes
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Eurofins Aquatic Ecotoxicolgy, Eutinger Str. 24, D-75223 Niefern-Öschelbronn, Germany
| | - Pauline Pannetier
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Site de Plouzané, Technopôle Brest Iroise, CS 10070, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Lisa Gölz
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Behnstedt
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jane Morthorst
- University of Southern Denmark, Institute of Biology, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Lucia Vergauwen
- University of Antwerp, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Zebrafishlab, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2160 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Dries Knapen
- University of Antwerp, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Zebrafishlab, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2160 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Henrik Holbech
- University of Southern Denmark, Institute of Biology, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Baumann
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Section Environmental Health & Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gölz L, Pannetier P, Fagundes T, Knörr S, Behnstedt L, Coordes S, Matthiessen P, Morthorst J, Vergauwen L, Knapen D, Holbech H, Braunbeck T, Baumann L. Development of the integrated fish endocrine disruptor test-Part B: Implementation of thyroid-related endpoints. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2024; 20:830-845. [PMID: 37578010 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Given the vital role of thyroid hormones (THs) in vertebrate development, it is essential to identify chemicals that interfere with the TH system. Whereas, among nonmammalian laboratory animals, fish are the most frequently utilized test species in endocrine disruptor research, for example, in guidelines for the detection of effects on the sex hormone system, there is no test guideline (TG) using fish as models for thyroid-related effects; rather, amphibians are used. Therefore, the objective of the present project was to integrate thyroid-related endpoints for fish into a test protocol combining OECD TGs 229 (Fish Short-Term Reproduction Assay) and 234 (Fish Sexual Development Test). The resulting integrated Fish Endocrine Disruption Test (iFEDT) was designed as a comprehensive approach to covering sexual differentiation, early development, and reproduction and to identifying disruption not only of the sexual and/or reproductive system but also the TH system. Two 85-day exposure tests were performed using different well-studied endocrine disruptors: 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2). Whereas the companion Part A of this study presents the findings on effects by PTU and EE2 on endpoints established in existing TGs, the present Part B discusses effects on novel thyroid-related endpoints such as TH levels, thyroid follicle histopathology, and eye development. 6-Propyl-2-thiouracil induced a massive proliferation of thyroid follicles in any life stage, and histopathological changes in the eyes proved to be highly sensitive for TH system disruption especially in younger life stages. For measurement of THs, further methodological development is required. 17-α-Ethinylestradiol demonstrated not only the well-known disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, but also induced effects on thyroid follicles in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to higher EE2 concentrations, suggesting crosstalk between endocrine axes. The novel iFEDT has thus proven capable of simultaneously capturing endocrine disruption of both the steroid and thyroid endocrine systems. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:830-845. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Gölz
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pauline Pannetier
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Site de Plouzané, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail, Plouzané, France
| | - Teresa Fagundes
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Knörr
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Behnstedt
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sara Coordes
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Jane Morthorst
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lucia Vergauwen
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Zebrafishlab, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Dries Knapen
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Zebrafishlab, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Henrik Holbech
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Baumann
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Section Environmental Health & Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wiklund L, Pípal M, Weiss J, Beronius A. Exploring a mechanism-based approach for the identification of endocrine disruptors using Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) and New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) : A perfluorooctane sulfonic acid case study. Toxicology 2024; 504:153794. [PMID: 38580097 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors (EDs) pose a serious threat to human health and the environment and require a comprehensive evaluation to be identified. The identification of EDs require a substantial amount of data, both in vitro and in vivo, due to the current scientific criteria in the EU. At the same time, the EU strives to reduce animal testing due to concerns regarding animal welfare and sensitivity of animal studies to adequately detect adverse effects relevant for human health. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) is a persistent organic pollutant that is suspected to be an ED based on academic research, however it is not identified as such from a regulatory perspective. It has previously been shown that PFOS has the potential to cause neurotoxicity as well as affect the thyroid system, and it is known that specific thyroid hormone levels are critical in the development of the brain during. In this work, the aim was to evaluate a mechanism-based approach to identify ED properties of PFOS based on the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework and using New Approach Methods (NAMs), by comparing this approach to an ED assessment based on the currently available guidance document. An AOP network (AOPN) was generated for the thyroid modality, and AOPs leading to developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) were identified. A literature search and screening process based on the AOPN, and systematic review methodology, was performed, followed by a rigorous Weight-of-Evidence (WoE) assessment. Evidence was mapped back onto the AOPN used for the literature search, to identify possible endocrine Modes-of-Action (MoAs) for PFOS and data gaps in the two assessments. It could be concluded that PFOS fulfils the criteria for ED classification in the standard ED assessment, but not in the mechanism-based assessment. The need for quantitative information, such as quantitative AOPs, for the mechanism-based approach is discussed. The possibility of a directly neurotoxic alternative MoA was also highlighted based on available in vitro data. Opportunities and challenges with implementing AOPs and NAMs into the regulatory assessment of EDs, and assessing hazard in the Next Generation Risk Assessment, is discussed. This case study exploring the mechanism-based approach to ED identification represents an important step toward more accurate and predictive assessment of EDs based on AOPs and NAMs, and to the Next Generation Risk Assessment (NGRA) concept.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linus Wiklund
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Marek Pípal
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jana Weiss
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Beronius
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Volz SN, Poulsen R, Hansen M, Holbech H. Bisphenol A alters retinal morphology, visually guided behavior, and thyroid hormone levels in zebrafish larvae. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 348:140776. [PMID: 38000552 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenols are industrial chemicals that are produced in large quantities and have been detected in all parts of the environment as well as in a multitude of different organisms including humans and fish. Several bisphenols, such as bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol F, have been shown to disrupt endocrine systems thereby affecting development and reproduction. While numerous studies investigated the effect of bisphenols on estrogen signaling, their impact on the thyroid hormone system (THS), which is vital for neurodevelopment including sensory development, has been explored to a lesser extent. The present work selected BPA as a representative for structurally similar bisphenols and assessed its impact on the THS as well as sensory development and function in zebrafish. To this end, zebrafish were exposed to BPA until up to 8 days post fertilization (dpf) and thyroid hormone levels, eye morphology, and sensory-mediated behaviors were analyzed. Zebrafish larvae exposed to BPA showed altered retinal layering, decreased motility across varying light conditions, and a loss of responsiveness to red light. Furthermore, whole-body levels of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and 3,5-diiodothyronine (3,5-T2) were significantly decreased in 5 dpf zebrafish. Taken together, BPA disrupted THS homeostasis and compromised visual development and function, which is pivotal for the survival of fish larvae. This work underlines the necessity for ongoing research on BPA and its numerous substitutes, particularly concerning their effects on the THS and neurodevelopment, to ensure a high level of protection for the environment and human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sina N Volz
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Rikke Poulsen
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Aarhus, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Martin Hansen
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Aarhus, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Holbech
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
von Coburg E, Dunst S. The adverse outcome pathway for breast cancer: a knowledge management framework bridging biomedicine and toxicology. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:223. [PMID: 38051394 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00840-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer worldwide, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases diagnosed every year. Effective measures for cancer prevention and cancer therapy require a detailed understanding of the individual key disease mechanisms involved and their interactions at the molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, and organism level. In that regard, the rapid progress of biomedical and toxicological research in recent years now allows the pursuit of new approaches based on non-animal methods that provide greater mechanistic insight than traditional animal models and therefore facilitate the development of Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) for human diseases. We performed a systematic review of the current state of published knowledge with regard to breast cancer to identify relevant key mechanisms for inclusion into breast cancer AOPs, i.e. decreased cell stiffness and decreased cell adhesion, and to concurrently map non-animal methods addressing these key events. We conclude that the broader sharing of expertise and methods between biomedical research and toxicology enabled by the AOP knowledge management framework can help to coordinate global research efforts and accelerate the transition to advanced non-animal methods, which, when combined into powerful method batteries, closely mimic human physiology and disease states without the need for animal testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena von Coburg
- German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), Department Experimental Toxicology and ZEBET, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dunst
- German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), Department Experimental Toxicology and ZEBET, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Brix KV, Baken S, Poland CA, Blust R, Pope LJ, Tyler CR. Challenges and Recommendations in Assessing Potential Endocrine-Disrupting Properties of Metals in Aquatic Organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:2564-2579. [PMID: 37671843 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
New tools and refined frameworks for identifying and regulating endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are being developed as our scientific understanding of how they work advances. Although focus has largely been on organic chemicals, the potential for metals to act as EDCs in aquatic systems is receiving increasing attention. Metal interactions with the endocrine system are complicated because some metals are essential to physiological systems, including the endocrine system, and nonessential metals can have similar physiochemical attributes that allow substitution into or interference with these systems. Consequently, elevated metal exposure could potentially cause endocrine disruption (ED) but can also cause indirect effects on the endocrine system via multiple pathways or elicit physiologically appropriate compensatory endocrine-mediated responses (endocrine modulation). These latter two effects can be confused with, but are clearly not, ED. In the present study, we provide several case studies that exemplify the challenges encountered in evaluating the endocrine-disrupting (ED) potential of metals, followed by recommendations on how to meet them. Given that metals have multiple modes of action (MOAs), we recommend that assessments use metal-specific adverse outcome pathway networks to ensure that accurate causal links are made between MOAs and effects on the endocrine system. We recommend more focus on establishing molecular initiating events for chronic metal toxicity because these are poorly understood and would reduce uncertainty regarding the potential for metals to be EDCs. Finally, more generalized MOAs such as oxidative stress could be involved in metal interactions with the endocrine system, and we suggest it may be experimentally efficient to evaluate these MOAs when ED is inferred. These experiments, however, must provide explicit linkage to the ED endpoints of interest. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2564-2579. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin V Brix
- EcoTox, Miami, Florida, USA
- Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric & Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Stijn Baken
- International Copper Association, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Craig A Poland
- Regulatory Compliance Limited, Loanhead, United Kingdom
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ronny Blust
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Charles R Tyler
- Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jaka O, Iturria I, Martí C, Hurtado de Mendoza J, Mazón-Moya MJ, Rummel C, Amj W, Muriana A. Screening for chemicals with thyroid hormone-disrupting effects using zebrafish embryo. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 121:108463. [PMID: 37619763 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid disruption is an increasingly recognized issue in the use and development of chemicals and new drugs, especially to help toxicologist to complement the reproductive and developmental toxicology information of chemicals. Still, adequate assessment methods are scarce and often suffer a trade-off between physiological relevance and labor- and cost-intensive assays. Here, we present a tiered approach for a medium-throughput screening of chemicals to identify their thyroid disrupting potential in zebrafish embryos as a New Approach Methodology (NAM). After identifying the maximum tolerated concentrations, we exposed zebrafish larvae to sub-adverse effect levels of the reference compounds benzophenone-2, bisphenol A, phenylthiourea, potassium perchlorate, propylthiouracil, and phloroglucinol to exclude any systemic toxicity. Applying the transgenic zebrafish line that carries a gene for the red fluorescence protein (Tg(tg:mCherry)) under the thyroglobulin promoter, we could identify the thyroid disrupting effects of the chemicals by a time and cost-effective image analysis measuring the fluorescence levels in the thyroid glands. Our observations could be confirmed by altered expression patterns of genes involved in the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. Finally, to anchor the observed thyroid disruption, we determined some changes in the Thyroid hormone levels of triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4) using a newly developed liquid chromatography mass spectrometric (LCMS) method. The presented approach carries the potential to extend the toolbox for legislative authorities and chemical producers for the assessment of thyroid-specific endocrine disruption and to overcome current challenges in the evaluation of endocrine disruptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Jaka
- BBD BioPhenix S.L.U.- Biobide, Paseo Mikeletegui 56, 20009 Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - I Iturria
- BBD BioPhenix S.L.U.- Biobide, Paseo Mikeletegui 56, 20009 Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - C Martí
- BBD BioPhenix S.L.U.- Biobide, Paseo Mikeletegui 56, 20009 Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - M J Mazón-Moya
- BBD BioPhenix S.L.U.- Biobide, Paseo Mikeletegui 56, 20009 Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - C Rummel
- BBD BioPhenix S.L.U.- Biobide, Paseo Mikeletegui 56, 20009 Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Weiner Amj
- BBD BioPhenix S.L.U.- Biobide, Paseo Mikeletegui 56, 20009 Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - A Muriana
- BBD BioPhenix S.L.U.- Biobide, Paseo Mikeletegui 56, 20009 Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Myden A, Stalford SA, Fowkes A, White E, Hirose A, Yamada T. Enhancing developmental and reproductive toxicity knowledge: A new AOP stemming from glutathione depletion. Curr Res Toxicol 2023; 5:100124. [PMID: 37808440 PMCID: PMC10556594 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2023.100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrated approaches to testing and assessments (IATAs) have been proposed as a method to organise new approach methodologies in order to replace traditional animal testing for chemical safety assessments. To capture the mechanistic aspects of toxicity assessments, IATAs can be framed around the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) concept. To utilise AOPs fully in this context, a sufficient number of pathways need to be present to develop fit for purpose IATAs. In silico approaches can support IATA through the provision of predictive models and also through data integration to derive conclusions using a weight-of-evidence approach. To examine the maturity of a developmental and reproductive toxicity (DART) AOP network derived from the literature, an assessment of its coverage was performed against a novel toxicity dataset. A dataset of diverse compounds, with data from studies performed according to OECD test guidelines TG-421 and TG-422, was curated to test the performance of an in silico model based on the AOP network - allowing for the identification of knowledge gaps within the network. One such gap in the knowledge was filled through the development of an AOP stemming from the molecular initiating event 'glutathione reaction with an electrophile' leading to male fertility toxicity. The creation of the AOP provided the mechanistic rationale for the curation of pre-existing structural alerts to relevant key events. Integrating this new knowledge and associated alerts into the DART AOP network will improve its coverage of DART-relevant chemical space. In addition, broadening the coverage of AOPs for a particular regulatory endpoint may facilitate the development of, and confidence in, robust IATAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alun Myden
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds LS11 5PS, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne A. Stalford
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds LS11 5PS, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Fowkes
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds LS11 5PS, United Kingdom
| | - Emma White
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds LS11 5PS, United Kingdom
| | - Akihiko Hirose
- Division of Risk Assessment, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-9501, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamada
- Division of Risk Assessment, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-9501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wilhelmi P, Giri V, Zickgraf FM, Haake V, Henkes S, Driemert P, Michaelis P, Busch W, Scholz S, Flick B, Barenys M, Birk B, Kamp H, Landsiedel R, Funk-Weyer D. A metabolomics approach to reveal the mechanism of developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos exposed to 6-propyl-2-thiouracil. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 382:110565. [PMID: 37236578 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A crucial component of a substance registration and regulation is the evaluation of human prenatal developmental toxicity. Current toxicological tests are based on mammalian models, but these are costly, time consuming and may pose ethical concerns. The zebrafish embryo has evolved as a promising alternative model to study developmental toxicity. However, the implementation of the zebrafish embryotoxicity test is challenged by lacking information on the relevance of observed morphological alterations in fish for human developmental toxicity. Elucidating the mechanism of toxicity could help to overcome this limitation. Through LC-MS/MS and GC-MS metabolomics, we investigated whether changes to the endogenous metabolites can indicate pathways associated with developmental toxicity. To this aim, zebrafish embryos were exposed to different concentrations of 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU), a compound known to induce developmental toxicity. The reproducibility and the concentration-dependence of the metabolome response and its association with morphological alterations were studied. Major morphological findings were reduced eye size, and other craniofacial anomalies; major metabolic changes included increased tyrosine, pipecolic acid and lysophosphatidylcholine levels, decreased methionine levels, and disturbance of the 'Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis' pathway. This pathway, and the changes in tyrosine and pipecolic acid levels could be linked to the mode of action of PTU, i.e., inhibition of thyroid peroxidase (TPO). The other findings suggested neurodevelopmental impairments. This proof-of-concept study demonstrated that metabolite changes in zebrafish embryos are robust and provide mechanistic information associated with the mode of action of PTU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Wilhelmi
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, 67056, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany; University of Barcelona, Research Group in Toxicology-GRET, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Varun Giri
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, 67056, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany.
| | | | - Volker Haake
- BASF Metabolome Solutions, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Paul Michaelis
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wibke Busch
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Scholz
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Burkhard Flick
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, 67056, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Marta Barenys
- University of Barcelona, Research Group in Toxicology-GRET, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Birk
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, 67056, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | | | - Robert Landsiedel
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, 67056, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany; Free University of Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorothee Funk-Weyer
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, 67056, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Haigis AC, Vergauwen L, LaLone CA, Villeneuve DL, O'Brien JM, Knapen D. Cross-species applicability of an adverse outcome pathway network for thyroid hormone system disruption. Toxicol Sci 2023; 195:1-27. [PMID: 37405877 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone system disrupting compounds are considered potential threats for human and environmental health. Multiple adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) for thyroid hormone system disruption (THSD) are being developed in different taxa. Combining these AOPs results in a cross-species AOP network for THSD which may provide an evidence-based foundation for extrapolating THSD data across vertebrate species and bridging the gap between human and environmental health. This review aimed to advance the description of the taxonomic domain of applicability (tDOA) in the network to improve its utility for cross-species extrapolation. We focused on the molecular initiating events (MIEs) and adverse outcomes (AOs) and evaluated both their plausible domain of applicability (taxa they are likely applicable to) and empirical domain of applicability (where evidence for applicability to various taxa exists) in a THSD context. The evaluation showed that all MIEs in the AOP network are applicable to mammals. With some exceptions, there was evidence of structural conservation across vertebrate taxa and especially for fish and amphibians, and to a lesser extent for birds, empirical evidence was found. Current evidence supports the applicability of impaired neurodevelopment, neurosensory development (eg, vision) and reproduction across vertebrate taxa. The results of this tDOA evaluation are summarized in a conceptual AOP network that helps prioritize (parts of) AOPs for a more detailed evaluation. In conclusion, this review advances the tDOA description of an existing THSD AOP network and serves as a catalog summarizing plausible and empirical evidence on which future cross-species AOP development and tDOA assessment could build.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Cathrin Haigis
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lucia Vergauwen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Carlie A LaLone
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, USA
| | - Daniel L Villeneuve
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, USA
| | - Jason M O'Brien
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Dries Knapen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Morshead ML, Jensen KM, Ankley GT, Vliet S, LaLone CA, Aller AV, Watanabe KH, Villeneuve DL. Putative adverse outcome pathway development based on physiological responses of female fathead minnows to model estrogen versus androgen receptor agonists. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 261:106607. [PMID: 37354817 PMCID: PMC10910347 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Several adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) have linked molecular initiating events like aromatase inhibition, androgen receptor (AR) agonism, and estrogen receptor (ER) antagonism to reproductive impairment in adult fish. Estrogen receptor agonists can also cause adverse reproductive effects, however, the early key events (KEs) in an AOP leading to this are mostly unknown. The primary aim of this study was to develop hypotheses regarding the potential mechanisms through which exposure to ER agonists might lead to reproductive impairment in female fish. Mature fathead minnows were exposed to 1 or 10 ng 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2)/L or 10 or 100 µg bisphenol A (BPA)/L for 14 d. The response to EE2 and BPA was contrasted with the effects of 500 ng/L of 17β-trenbolone (TRB), an AR agonist, as well as TRB combined with the low and high concentrations of EE2 or BPA tested individually. Exposure to 10 ng EE2/L, 100 µg BPA/L, TRB, or the various mixtures with TRB caused significant decreases in plasma concentrations of 17β-estradiol. Exposure to TRB alone caused a significant reduction in plasma vitellogenin (VTG), but VTG was unaffected or even increased in females exposed to EE2 or BPA alone or, in most cases, in mixtures with TRB. Over the course of the 14-d exposure, the only treatments that clearly did not affect egg production were 1 ng EE2/L and 10 µg BPA/L. Based on these results and knowledge of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis function, we hypothesize an AOP whereby decreased production of maturation-inducing steroid leading to impaired oocyte maturation and ovulation, possibly due to negative feedback or direct inhibitory effects of membrane ER activation, could be responsible for causing adverse reproductive impacts in female fish exposed to ER agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie L Morshead
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, US EPA, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Kathleen M Jensen
- US EPA, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Gerald T Ankley
- US EPA, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Sara Vliet
- US EPA, Scientific Computing and Data Curation Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Carlie A LaLone
- US EPA, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | | | - Karen H Watanabe
- Arizona State University, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Van Dingenen I, Vergauwen L, Haigis AC, Blackwell BR, Stacy E, Villeneuve DL, Knapen D. Deiodinase inhibition impairs the formation of the three posterior swim bladder tissue layers during early embryonic development in zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 261:106632. [PMID: 37451188 PMCID: PMC10949247 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone system disruption (THSD) negatively affects multiple developmental processes and organs. In fish, inhibition of deiodinases, which are enzymes crucial for (in)activating thyroid hormones (THs), leads to impaired swim bladder inflation. Until now, the underlying mechanism has remained largely unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the process during swim bladder development that is impacted by deiodinase inhibition. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 6 mg/L iopanoic acid (IOP), a model deiodinase inhibitor, during 8 different exposure windows (0-60, 60-120, 24-48, 48-72, 72-96, 96-120, 72-120 and 0-120 h post fertilization (hpf)). Exposure windows were chosen based on the three stages of swim bladder development: budding (24-48 hpf), pre-inflation, i.e., the formation of the swim bladder tissue layers (48-72 hpf), and inflation phase (72-120 hpf). Exposures prior to 72 hpf, during either the budding or pre-inflation phase (or both), impaired swim bladder inflation, while exposure during the inflation phase did not. Based on our results, we hypothesize that DIO inhibition before 72 hpf leads to a local decrease in T3 levels in the developing swim bladder. Gene transcript analysis showed that these TH level alterations disturb both Wnt and hedgehog signaling, known to be essential for swim bladder formation, eventually resulting in impaired development of the swim bladder tissue layers. Improper development of the swim bladder impairs swim bladder inflation, leading to reduced swimming performance. This study demonstrates that deiodinase inhibition impacts processes underlying the formation of the swim bladder and not the inflation process, suggesting that these processes primarily rely on maternal rather than endogenously synthetized THs since TH measurements showed that THs were not endogenously synthetized during the sensitive period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imke Van Dingenen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium
| | - Lucia Vergauwen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium
| | - Ann-Cathrin Haigis
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium
| | - Brett R Blackwell
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN 55804, United States
| | - Emma Stacy
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN 55804, United States
| | - Daniel L Villeneuve
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN 55804, United States
| | - Dries Knapen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chang J, Jiao M, Zhang Z, Liu W, Li W, Xu P, Wan B. Mechanistic insight into the adverse outcome of tire wear and road particle leachate exposure in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108053. [PMID: 37356306 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Tire wear particles (TWP) have become the major microplastic pollution in China. Road runoff containing TWP leachate can decrease the eye size and even induced mortality in the aquatic organisms. However, the toxic mechanism of TWP and road particles (RP) leachate on aquatic organisms is still unclear. In this study, the zebrafish embryos were exposed to TWP or RP leachate for 5 days at both environmental relevant and high concentrations. The adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) were screened from individual to molecular levels. The morphological and behavioral analysis demonstrated that the leachate exposure mainly impaired the eye development of zebrafish larvae and inhibited the larval swim behavior and phototactic response, which are the adverse outcomes. The phototransduction modulated by zebrafish retina was significantly down-regulated through transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis. The eye histopathological analysis showed that the decreased thickness of the retinal outer nuclear layer (ONL) and retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) after leachate exposure were caused by the decreased photoreceptor cells. Moreover, the expression of NR2E3 and TPO genes showed concentration-dependent down-regulation after leachate exposure. The inhibition of photoreceptor cell proliferation was identified as the main reason for photoreceptor cell decrease in zebrafish larval eye. This study, for the first time, uncovered the underlying toxic mechanism of TWP and RP on zebrafish larval eyes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Meng Jiao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan RD 19 a, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaoguang Zhang
- Tongzhou Asphalt Factory, Beijing Municipal Road and Bridge Building Material Group Co. LTD, Beijing 101108, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan RD 19 a, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Bin Wan
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing 100085, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Suciu I, Pamies D, Peruzzo R, Wirtz PH, Smirnova L, Pallocca G, Hauck C, Cronin MTD, Hengstler JG, Brunner T, Hartung T, Amelio I, Leist M. G × E interactions as a basis for toxicological uncertainty. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2035-2049. [PMID: 37258688 PMCID: PMC10256652 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03500-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To transfer toxicological findings from model systems, e.g. animals, to humans, standardized safety factors are applied to account for intra-species and inter-species variabilities. An alternative approach would be to measure and model the actual compound-specific uncertainties. This biological concept assumes that all observed toxicities depend not only on the exposure situation (environment = E), but also on the genetic (G) background of the model (G × E). As a quantitative discipline, toxicology needs to move beyond merely qualitative G × E concepts. Research programs are required that determine the major biological variabilities affecting toxicity and categorize their relative weights and contributions. In a complementary approach, detailed case studies need to explore the role of genetic backgrounds in the adverse effects of defined chemicals. In addition, current understanding of the selection and propagation of adverse outcome pathways (AOP) in different biological environments is very limited. To improve understanding, a particular focus is required on modulatory and counter-regulatory steps. For quantitative approaches to address uncertainties, the concept of "genetic" influence needs a more precise definition. What is usually meant by this term in the context of G × E are the protein functions encoded by the genes. Besides the gene sequence, the regulation of the gene expression and function should also be accounted for. The widened concept of past and present "gene expression" influences is summarized here as Ge. Also, the concept of "environment" needs some re-consideration in situations where exposure timing (Et) is pivotal: prolonged or repeated exposure to the insult (chemical, physical, life style) affects Ge. This implies that it changes the model system. The interaction of Ge with Et might be denoted as Ge × Et. We provide here general explanations and specific examples for this concept and show how it could be applied in the context of New Approach Methodologies (NAM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilinca Suciu
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated By the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - David Pamies
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Peruzzo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Petra H Wirtz
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, 78457, Constance, Germany
- Biological Work and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Lena Smirnova
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | | | - Christof Hauck
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Mark T D Cronin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Thomas Brunner
- Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- CAAT Europe, University of Konstanz, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Division for Systems Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Marcel Leist
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated By the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78457, Constance, Germany.
- CAAT Europe, University of Konstanz, 78457, Constance, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Horie Y. Environmentally relevant concentrations of triclosan induce lethality and disrupt thyroid hormone activity in zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 100:104151. [PMID: 37207895 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan is an antimicrobial agent that has been used in common household products and can be detected in water environment. In this study, therefore, I aimed at clarifying the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of triclosan on the early life stage development in zebrafish. A lethal effect was observed: the lowest effect and the no effect concentrations were 70.6 and 48.4μg/L, respectively. These concentrations are very close to the environmentally detected residual concentrations. In 10.9, 19.8, 48.4, and 70.6μg/L of triclosan, the iodothyronine deiodinase 1 gene expression was found to be significantly increased when compared with that of the control group. These findings indicate that triclosan can potentially disrupt the thyroid hormone activity in zebrafish. The exposure to triclosan (at 149.2μg/L) was also found to inhibit the gene expression of insulin-like growth factor-1. My findings suggest that triclosan can exert a thyroid hormone-disrupting effect on fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Horie
- Research Center for Inland Seas (KURCIS), Kobe University, Fukaeminami-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-0022, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ramhøj L, Axelstad M, Baert Y, Cañas-Portilla AI, Chalmel F, Dahmen L, De La Vieja A, Evrard B, Haigis AC, Hamers T, Heikamp K, Holbech H, Iglesias-Hernandez P, Knapen D, Marchandise L, Morthorst JE, Nikolov NG, Nissen ACVE, Oelgeschlaeger M, Renko K, Rogiers V, Schüürmann G, Stinckens E, Stub MH, Torres-Ruiz M, Van Duursen M, Vanhaecke T, Vergauwen L, Wedebye EB, Svingen T. New approach methods to improve human health risk assessment of thyroid hormone system disruption-a PARC project. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1189303. [PMID: 37265663 PMCID: PMC10229837 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1189303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Current test strategies to identify thyroid hormone (TH) system disruptors are inadequate for conducting robust chemical risk assessment required for regulation. The tests rely heavily on histopathological changes in rodent thyroid glands or measuring changes in systemic TH levels, but they lack specific new approach methodologies (NAMs) that can adequately detect TH-mediated effects. Such alternative test methods are needed to infer a causal relationship between molecular initiating events and adverse outcomes such as perturbed brain development. Although some NAMs that are relevant for TH system disruption are available-and are currently in the process of regulatory validation-there is still a need to develop more extensive alternative test batteries to cover the range of potential key events along the causal pathway between initial chemical disruption and adverse outcomes in humans. This project, funded under the Partnership for the Assessment of Risk from Chemicals (PARC) initiative, aims to facilitate the development of NAMs that are specific for TH system disruption by characterizing in vivo mechanisms of action that can be targeted by in embryo/in vitro/in silico/in chemico testing strategies. We will develop and improve human-relevant in vitro test systems to capture effects on important areas of the TH system. Furthermore, we will elaborate on important species differences in TH system disruption by incorporating non-mammalian vertebrate test species alongside classical laboratory rat species and human-derived in vitro assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Ramhøj
- Research Group for Molecular and Reproductive Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marta Axelstad
- Research Group for Molecular and Reproductive Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yoni Baert
- Department In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Jette, Belgium
| | - Ana I. Cañas-Portilla
- Environmental Toxicology Unit from National Center for Environmental Health (CNSA), Endocrine Tumor Unit from UFIEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Frédéric Chalmel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), Rennes, France
| | - Lars Dahmen
- Department Experimental Toxicology and ZEBET, German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonio De La Vieja
- Environmental Toxicology Unit from National Center for Environmental Health (CNSA), Endocrine Tumor Unit from UFIEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Bertrand Evrard
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), Rennes, France
| | - Ann-Cathrin Haigis
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Timo Hamers
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kim Heikamp
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Centre for Health Protection (GZB), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Henrik Holbech
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Patricia Iglesias-Hernandez
- Environmental Toxicology Unit from National Center for Environmental Health (CNSA), Endocrine Tumor Unit from UFIEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dries Knapen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lorna Marchandise
- Department In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Jette, Belgium
| | - Jane E. Morthorst
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Nikolai Georgiev Nikolov
- Group for Chemical Risk Assessment and GMO, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ana C. V. E. Nissen
- Group for Chemical Risk Assessment and GMO, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michael Oelgeschlaeger
- Department Experimental Toxicology and ZEBET, German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kostja Renko
- Department Experimental Toxicology and ZEBET, German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Vera Rogiers
- Department In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Jette, Belgium
| | - Gerrit Schüürmann
- UFZ Department of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Evelyn Stinckens
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Mette H. Stub
- Research Group for Molecular and Reproductive Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Monica Torres-Ruiz
- Environmental Toxicology Unit from National Center for Environmental Health (CNSA), Endocrine Tumor Unit from UFIEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Majorie Van Duursen
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tamara Vanhaecke
- Department In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Jette, Belgium
| | - Lucia Vergauwen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Eva Bay Wedebye
- Group for Chemical Risk Assessment and GMO, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Terje Svingen
- Research Group for Molecular and Reproductive Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wiklund L, Caccia S, Pípal M, Nymark P, Beronius A. Development of a data-driven approach to Adverse Outcome Pathway network generation: a case study on the EATS-modalities. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1183824. [PMID: 37229356 PMCID: PMC10203404 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1183824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) summarize mechanistic understanding of toxicological effects and have, for example, been highlighted as a promising tool to integrate data from novel in vitro and in silico methods into chemical risk assessments. Networks based on AOPs are considered the functional implementation of AOPs, as they are more representative of complex biology. At the same time, there are currently no harmonized approaches to generate AOP networks (AOPNs). Systematic strategies to identify relevant AOPs, and methods to extract and visualize data from the AOP-Wiki, are needed. The aim of this work was to develop a structured search strategy to identify relevant AOPs in the AOP-Wiki, and an automated data-driven workflow to generate AOPNs. The approach was applied on a case study to generate an AOPN focused on the Estrogen, Androgen, Thyroid, and Steroidogenesis (EATS) modalities. A search strategy was developed a priori with search terms based on effect parameters in the ECHA/EFSA Guidance Document on Identification of Endocrine Disruptors. Furthermore, manual curation of the data was performed by screening the contents of each pathway in the AOP-Wiki, excluding irrelevant AOPs. Data were downloaded from the Wiki, and a computational workflow was utilized to automatically process, filter, and format the data for visualization. This study presents an approach to structured searches of AOPs in the AOP-Wiki coupled to an automated data-driven workflow for generating AOPNs. In addition, the case study presented here provides a map of the contents of the AOP-Wiki related to the EATS-modalities, and a basis for further research, for example, on integrating mechanistic data from novel methods and exploring mechanism-based approaches to identify endocrine disruptors (EDs). The computational approach is freely available as an R-script, and currently allows for the (re)-generation and filtering of new AOP networks based on data from the AOP-Wiki and a list of relevant AOPs used for filtering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linus Wiklund
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Caccia
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Marek Pípal
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Penny Nymark
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Beronius
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jin B, Dunson DB, Rager JE, Reif DM, Engel SM, Herring AH. Bayesian matrix completion for hypothesis testing. J R Stat Soc Ser C Appl Stat 2023; 72:254-270. [PMID: 37197290 PMCID: PMC10184491 DOI: 10.1093/jrsssc/qlac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
We aim to infer bioactivity of each chemical by assay endpoint combination, addressing sparsity of toxicology data. We propose a Bayesian hierarchical framework which borrows information across different chemicals and assay endpoints, facilitates out-of-sample prediction of activity for chemicals not yet assayed, quantifies uncertainty of predicted activity, and adjusts for multiplicity in hypothesis testing. Furthermore, this paper makes a novel attempt in toxicology to simultaneously model heteroscedastic errors and a nonparametric mean function, leading to a broader definition of activity whose need has been suggested by toxicologists. Real application identifies chemicals most likely active for neurodevelopmental disorders and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bora Jin
- Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Julia E Rager
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David M Reif
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mitchell CA, Burden N, Bonnell M, Hecker M, Hutchinson TH, Jagla M, LaLone CA, Lagadic L, Lynn SG, Shore B, Song Y, Vliet SM, Wheeler JR, Embry MR. New Approach Methodologies for the Endocrine Activity Toolbox: Environmental Assessment for Fish and Amphibians. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:757-777. [PMID: 36789969 PMCID: PMC10258674 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multiple in vivo test guidelines focusing on the estrogen, androgen, thyroid, and steroidogenesis pathways have been developed and validated for mammals, amphibians, or fish. However, these tests are resource-intensive and often use a large number of laboratory animals. Developing alternatives for in vivo tests is consistent with the replacement, reduction, and refinement principles for animal welfare considerations, which are supported by increasing mandates to move toward an "animal-free" testing paradigm worldwide. New approach methodologies (NAMs) hold great promise to identify molecular, cellular, and tissue changes that can be used to predict effects reliably and more efficiently at the individual level (and potentially on populations) while reducing the number of animals used in (eco)toxicological testing for endocrine disruption. In a collaborative effort, experts from government, academia, and industry met in 2020 to discuss the current challenges of testing for endocrine activity assessment for fish and amphibians. Continuing this cross-sector initiative, our review focuses on the current state of the science regarding the use of NAMs to identify chemical-induced endocrine effects. The present study highlights the challenges of using NAMs for safety assessment and what work is needed to reduce their uncertainties and increase their acceptance in regulatory processes. We have reviewed the current NAMs available for endocrine activity assessment including in silico, in vitro, and eleutheroembryo models. New approach methodologies can be integrated as part of a weight-of-evidence approach for hazard or risk assessment using the adverse outcome pathway framework. The development and utilization of NAMs not only allows for replacement, reduction, and refinement of animal testing but can also provide robust and fit-for-purpose methods to identify chemicals acting via endocrine mechanisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:757-777. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalie Burden
- National Centre for the 3Rs (NC3Rs), London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Bonnell
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Markus Hecker
- Toxicology Centre and School of the Environment & Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | | | | | - Carlie A. LaLone
- Office of Research and Development, Great Lakes Toxicology & Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Laurent Lagadic
- Research and Development, Crop Science, Environmental Safety, Bayer, Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Scott G. Lynn
- Office of Pesticide Programs, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
| | - Bryon Shore
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - You Song
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sara M. Vliet
- Office of Research and Development, Scientific Computing and Data Curation Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota
| | | | - Michelle R. Embry
- The Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ankley GT, Santana-Rodriguez K, Jensen KM, Miller DH, Villeneuve DL. AOP Report: Adverse Outcome Pathways for Aromatase Inhibition or Androgen Receptor Agonism Leading to Male-Biased Sex Ratio and Population Decline in Fish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:747-756. [PMID: 36848318 PMCID: PMC10772967 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Screening and testing of potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals for ecological effects are examples of risk assessment/regulatory activities that can employ adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) to establish linkages between readily measured alterations in endocrine function and whole organism- and population-level responses. Of particular concern are processes controlled by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal/thyroidal (HPG/T) axes. However, the availability of AOPs suitable to meet this need is currently limited in terms of species and life-stage representation relative to the diversity of endpoints influenced by HPG/T function. In our report we describe two novel AOPs that comprise a simple AOP network focused on the effects of chemicals on sex differentiation during early development in fish. The first AOP (346) documents events starting with inhibition of cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19), resulting in decreased availability of 17β-estradiol during gonad differentiation, which increases the occurrence of testis formation, resulting in a male-biased sex ratio and consequent population-level declines. The second AOP (376) is initiated by activation of the androgen receptor (AR), also during sexual differentiation, again resulting in a male-biased sex ratio and population-level effects. Both AOPs are strongly supported by existing physiological and toxicological evidence, including numerous fish studies with model CYP19 inhibitors and AR agonists. Accordingly, AOPs 346 and 376 provide a basis for more focused screening and testing of chemicals with the potential to affect HPG function in fish during early development. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:747-756. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald T. Ankley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Kelvin Santana-Rodriguez
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Research Participant at U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Jensen
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - David H. Miller
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel L. Villeneuve
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li K, Cui K, Wang Q. Adverse outcome pathway network approach to identify endocrine disruptor-induced reproductive toxicity. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2023.100391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
|
25
|
Hernandez‐Jerez AF, Adriaanse P, Aldrich A, Berny P, Coja T, Duquesne S, Focks A, Millet M, Pelkonen O, Pieper S, Tiktak A, Topping CJ, Widenfalk A, Wilks M, Wolterink G, Angeli K, Recordati C, Van Durseen M, Aiassa E, Lanzoni A, Lostia A, Martino L, Guajardo IPM, Panzarea M, Terron A, Marinovich M. Development of adverse outcome pathways relevant for the identification of substances having endocrine disruption properties Uterine adenocarcinoma as adverse outcome. EFSA J 2023; 21:e07744. [PMID: 36818642 PMCID: PMC9926893 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) for uterine adenocarcinoma can provide a practical tool to implement the EFSA-ECHA Guidance (2018) for the identification of endocrine disruptors in the context of Regulations (EU) No 528/2012 and (EC) No 1107/2009. AOPs can give indications about the strength of the relationship between an adverse outcome (intended as a human health outcome) and chemicals (pesticides but not only) affecting the pathways. In this scientific opinion, the PPR Panel explored the development of AOPs for uterine adenocarcinoma. An evidence-based approach methodology was applied, and literature reviews were produced using a structured framework assuring transparency, objectivity, and comprehensiveness. Several AOPs were developed; these converged to a common critical node, that is increased estradiol availability in the uterus followed by estrogen receptor activation in the endometrium; therefore, a putative AOP network was considered. An uncertainty analysis and a probabilistic quantification of the weight of evidence have been carried out via expert knowledge elicitation for each set of MIEs/KEs/KERs included in individual AOPs. The collected data on the AOP network were evaluated qualitatively, whereas a quantitative uncertainty analysis for weight of the AOP network certainty has not been performed. Recommendations are provided, including exploring further the uncertainties identified in the AOPs and putative AOP network; further methodological developments for quantifying the certainty of the KERs and of the overall AOPs and AOP network; and investigating of NAMs applications in the context of some of the MIEs/KEs currently part of the putative AOP network developed.
Collapse
|
26
|
Horie Y, Ramaswamy BR, Ríos JM, Yap CK, Okamura H. Effects of plasticizer diisobutyl adipate on the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) endocrine system. J Appl Toxicol 2023. [PMID: 36647207 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Plasticizer pollution of the water environment is one of the world's most serious environmental issues. Phthalate plasticizers can disrupt endocrine function in vertebrates. Therefore, this study analyzed thyroid-related, reproduction-related, and estrogen-responsive genes in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) to determine whether non-phthalate diisobutyl adipate (DIBA) plasticizer could affect endocrine hormone activity or not. Developmental toxicity during fish embryogenesis was also evaluated. At a concentration of 11.57 mg/l, embryonic exposure to DIBA increased the mortality rate. Although abnormal development, including body curvature, edema, and lack of swim bladder inflation, was observed at 3.54 and 11.57 mg/l DIBA, growth inhibition and reduced swimming performance were also observed. In addition, DIBA exposure increased the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone beta-subunit (tshβ) and deiodinase 1 (dio1) but decreased the levels of thyroid hormone receptor alpha (trα) and beta (trβ). These results suggest that DIBA has thyroid hormone-disrupting activities in fish. However, kisspeptin (kiss1 and kiss2), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh1), follicle-stimulating hormone beta (fshβ), luteinizing hormone beta (lhβ), choriogenin H (chgH), and vitellogenin (vtg1) expression did not change dose-dependently in response to DIBA exposure, whereas gnrh2 and vtg2 expression was elevated. These results indicate that DIBA has low estrogenic activity and does not disrupt the endocrine reproduction system in fish. Overall, this is the first report indicating that non-phthalate DIBA plasticizer is embryotoxic and disrupt thyroid hormone activity in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Horie
- Research Center for Inland Seas (KURCIS), Kobe University, Fukae Minamimachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-0022, Japan
| | - Babu Rajendran Ramaswamy
- Research Center for Inland Seas (KURCIS), Kobe University, Fukae Minamimachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-0022, Japan.,Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
| | - Juan Manuel Ríos
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU, CCT-CONICET), 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Chee Kong Yap
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hideo Okamura
- Research Center for Inland Seas (KURCIS), Kobe University, Fukae Minamimachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-0022, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bajard L, Adamovsky O, Audouze K, Baken K, Barouki R, Beltman JB, Beronius A, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC, Cano-Sancho G, de Baat ML, Di Tillio F, Fernández MF, FitzGerald RE, Gundacker C, Hernández AF, Hilscherova K, Karakitsios S, Kuchovska E, Long M, Luijten M, Majid S, Marx-Stoelting P, Mustieles V, Negi CK, Sarigiannis D, Scholz S, Sovadinova I, Stierum R, Tanabe S, Tollefsen KE, van den Brand AD, Vogs C, Wielsøe M, Wittwehr C, Blaha L. Application of AOPs to assist regulatory assessment of chemical risks - Case studies, needs and recommendations. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 217:114650. [PMID: 36309218 PMCID: PMC9850416 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
While human regulatory risk assessment (RA) still largely relies on animal studies, new approach methodologies (NAMs) based on in vitro, in silico or non-mammalian alternative models are increasingly used to evaluate chemical hazards. Moreover, human epidemiological studies with biomarkers of effect (BoE) also play an invaluable role in identifying health effects associated with chemical exposures. To move towards the next generation risk assessment (NGRA), it is therefore crucial to establish bridges between NAMs and standard approaches, and to establish processes for increasing mechanistically-based biological plausibility in human studies. The Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework constitutes an important tool to address these needs but, despite a significant increase in knowledge and awareness, the use of AOPs in chemical RA remains limited. The objective of this paper is to address issues related to using AOPs in a regulatory context from various perspectives as it was discussed in a workshop organized within the European Union partnerships HBM4EU and PARC in spring 2022. The paper presents examples where the AOP framework has been proven useful for the human RA process, particularly in hazard prioritization and characterization, in integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA), and in the identification and validation of BoE in epidemiological studies. Nevertheless, several limitations were identified that hinder the optimal usability and acceptance of AOPs by the regulatory community including the lack of quantitative information on response-response relationships and of efficient ways to map chemical data (exposure and toxicity) onto AOPs. The paper summarizes suggestions, ongoing initiatives and third-party tools that may help to overcome these obstacles and thus assure better implementation of AOPs in the NGRA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lola Bajard
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Adamovsky
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karine Audouze
- Université Paris Cité, T3S, Inserm UMR S-1124, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Kirsten Baken
- Unit Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO NV), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Robert Barouki
- Université Paris Cité, T3S, Inserm UMR S-1124, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Joost B Beltman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anna Beronius
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, Solna, Sweden
| | - Eva Cecilie Bonefeld-Jørgensen
- Centre for Arctic Health & Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Greenland Centre for Health Research, University of Greenland, Manutooq 1, 3905 Nuussuaq, Greenland
| | | | - Milo L de Baat
- KWR Water Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Filippo Di Tillio
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mariana F Fernández
- Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM) & School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rex E FitzGerald
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology SCAHT, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 64, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Gundacker
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonio F Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Avda. de la Investigación, 11, 18016, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Klara Hilscherova
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Spyros Karakitsios
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; HERACLES Research Centre on the Exposome and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eliska Kuchovska
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Manhai Long
- Centre for Arctic Health & Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mirjam Luijten
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Health Protection, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Sanah Majid
- KWR Water Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Philip Marx-Stoelting
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Dept. Pesticides Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vicente Mustieles
- Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM) & School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Chander K Negi
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dimosthenis Sarigiannis
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; HERACLES Research Centre on the Exposome and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefan Scholz
- UFZ Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, Dept Bioanalyt Ecotoxicol, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Iva Sovadinova
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rob Stierum
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Risk Analysis for Products in Development, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Shihori Tanabe
- Division of Risk Assessment, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Gaustadalléen, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norway
| | - Annick D van den Brand
- Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Carolina Vogs
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, Solna, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Wielsøe
- Centre for Arctic Health & Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Ludek Blaha
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Steinbach C, Lutz I, Šandová M, Pech M, Šálková E, Bořík A, Valentová O, Kroupová HK. Effects of the synthetic progestin levonorgestrel on some aspects of thyroid physiology in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136860. [PMID: 36244424 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to assess the effects of levonorgestrel (LNG), a synthetic progestin, on early development and the thyroid system of carp using morphological, histological, immunohistochemical, and gene expression analysis. Fish were exposed to LNG at three levels (3, 31, and 310 ng L-1) from eggs to the onset of juvenile stage (47 days). LNG had no significant effect on early development in common carp or on the occurrence of morphological anomalies. No pathological alterations of the thyroid follicles were found. Immunohistochemical examination of the thyroid follicles using antibodies against thyroxin did not show any differences in fish exposed to 310 ng L-1 LNG compared to the controls. mRNA expression of iodothyronine deiodinases (dio1, 2, 3) was differentially affected by LNG treatment during carp development. Most importantly, dio3 was markedly downregulated in fish exposed to all three LNG levels compared to the controls at the conclusion of the experiment (47 days post-fertilization). A decrease in dio1 or dio3 or an increase in dio2 transcription observed at different time points of the study may be a sign of hypothyroidism. mRNA expression of genes npr, esr1, and esr2b in the body and npr and esr2b in the head of fish exposed to 310 ng L-1 LNG was significantly upregulated compared to the solvent control group at the end of the test. Together, these results show that levonorgestrel caused parallel changes in the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid and hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Steinbach
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Ilka Lutz
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Marie Šandová
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Pech
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Šálková
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Bořík
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Valentová
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kocour Kroupová
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Horie Y, Yamagishi T, Yamamoto J, Suzuki M, Onishi Y, Chiba T, Miyagawa S, Lange A, Tyler CR, Okamura H, Iguchi T. Adverse effects of thyroid-hormone-disrupting chemicals 6-propyl-2-thiouracil and tetrabromobisphenol A on Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 263:109502. [PMID: 36368510 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid-hormone-disrupting chemicals are increasingly attracting attention because of their potential harmful effects on animal health, including on fishes. Here, we investigated the effects of exposure to the thyroid-hormone-disrupting chemicals 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) on swim bladder inflation, eye development, growth, swimming performance, and the expression of thyroid-related genes in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). PTU exposure resulted in reductions in eye size, growth, and swim bladder inflation, and these effects led to poorer swimming performance. These phenotypic effects were accompanied by increased expression of the thyroid-stimulating hormone subunit beta (tshβ) paralog tshβ-like, but there were no significant changes in expression for tshβ, deiodinase 1 (dio1), deiodinase 2 (dio2), and thyroid hormone receptor alpha (trα) and beta (trβ). For PTU exposure, we identified the key event (swim bladder inflation reduction) and an adverse outcome (swimming performance reduction). No significant effects from TBBPA exposure were seen on swim bladder inflation, eye development, growth, or swimming performance. However, expression of tshβ-like and tshβ (significantly enhanced) and trα and trβ (significantly reduced) were affected by TBBPA exposure albeit not in dose-dependent manners. There were no effects of TBBPA on the expression of dio1 and dio2. We thus show that the two thyroid-hormone-disrupting chemicals PTU and TBBPA differ in their effect profiles with comparable effects on the studied phenotypes and thyroid-related gene expression to those reported in zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Horie
- Research Center for Inland Seas (KURCIS), Kobe University, Fukaeminami-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-0022, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Yamagishi
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Jun Yamamoto
- Institute of Environmental Ecology, IDEA Consultants, Inc., Shizuoka 421-0212, Japan
| | - Mayumi Suzuki
- Institute of Environmental Ecology, IDEA Consultants, Inc., Shizuoka 421-0212, Japan
| | - Yuta Onishi
- Institute of Environmental Ecology, IDEA Consultants, Inc., Shizuoka 421-0212, Japan
| | - Takashi Chiba
- Department of Environmental and Symbiotic Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Shinichi Miyagawa
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Niijuku 6-3-1, Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Anke Lange
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Hideo Okamura
- Research Center for Inland Seas (KURCIS), Kobe University, Fukaeminami-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-0022, Japan
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wlodkowic D, Jansen M. High-throughput screening paradigms in ecotoxicity testing: Emerging prospects and ongoing challenges. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135929. [PMID: 35944679 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rapidly increasing number of new production chemicals coupled with stringent implementation of global chemical management programs necessities a paradigm shift towards boarder uses of low-cost and high-throughput ecotoxicity testing strategies as well as deeper understanding of cellular and sub-cellular mechanisms of ecotoxicity that can be used in effective risk assessment. The latter will require automated acquisition of biological data, new capabilities for big data analysis as well as computational simulations capable of translating new data into in vivo relevance. However, very few efforts have been so far devoted into the development of automated bioanalytical systems in ecotoxicology. This is in stark contrast to standardized and high-throughput chemical screening and prioritization routines found in modern drug discovery pipelines. As a result, the high-throughput and high-content data acquisition in ecotoxicology is still in its infancy with limited examples focused on cell-free and cell-based assays. In this work we outline recent developments and emerging prospects of high-throughput bioanalytical approaches in ecotoxicology that reach beyond in vitro biotests. We discuss future importance of automated quantitative data acquisition for cell-free, cell-based as well as developments in phytotoxicity and in vivo biotests utilizing small aquatic model organisms. We also discuss recent innovations such as organs-on-a-chip technologies and existing challenges for emerging high-throughput ecotoxicity testing strategies. Lastly, we provide seminal examples of the small number of successful high-throughput implementations that have been employed in prioritization of chemicals and accelerated environmental risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald Wlodkowic
- The Neurotox Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3083, Australia.
| | - Marcus Jansen
- LemnaTec GmbH, Nerscheider Weg 170, 52076, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gölz L, Baumann L, Pannetier P, Braunbeck T, Knapen D, Vergauwen L. AOP Report: Thyroperoxidase Inhibition Leading to Altered Visual Function in Fish Via Altered Retinal Layer Structure. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:2632-2648. [PMID: 35942927 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are involved in the regulation of many important physiological and developmental processes, including vertebrate eye development. Thyroid hormone system-disrupting chemicals (THSDCs) may have severe consequences, because proper functioning of the visual system is a key factor for survival in wildlife. However, the sequence of events leading from TH system disruption (THSD) to altered eye development in fish has not yet been fully described. The development of this adverse outcome pathway (AOP) was based on an intensive literature review of studies that focused on THSD and impacts on eye development, mainly in fish. In total, approximately 120 studies (up to the end of 2021) were used in the development of this AOP linking inhibition of the key enzyme for TH synthesis, thyroperoxidase (TPO), to effects on retinal layer structure and visual function in fish (AOP-Wiki, AOP 363). In a weight-of-evidence evaluation, the confidence levels were overall moderate, with ample studies showing the link between reduced TH levels and altered retinal layer structure. However, some uncertainties about the underlying mechanism(s) remain. Although the current weight-of-evidence evaluation is based on fish, the AOP is plausibly applicable to other vertebrate classes. Through the re-use of several building blocks, this AOP is connected to the AOPs leading from TPO and deiodinase inhibition to impaired swim bladder inflation in fish (AOPs 155-159), together forming an AOP network describing THSD in fish. This AOP network addresses the lack of thyroid-related endpoints in existing fish test guidelines for the evaluation of THSDCs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2632-2648. © 2022 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Gölz
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Research Group, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Baumann
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Research Group, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pauline Pannetier
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Research Group, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Research Group, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dries Knapen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lucia Vergauwen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yan Z, Feng C, Jin X, Wang F, Liu C, Li N, Qiao Y, Bai Y, Wu F, Giesy JP. Organophosphate esters cause thyroid dysfunction via multiple signaling pathways in zebrafish brain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 12:100198. [PMID: 36157343 PMCID: PMC9500371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2022.100198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are widespread in various environmental media, and can disrupt thyroid endocrine signaling pathways. Mechanisms by which OPEs disrupt thyroid hormone (TH) signal transduction are not fully understood. Here, we present in vivo-in vitro-in silico evidence establishing OPEs as environmental THs competitively entering the brain to inhibit growth of zebrafish via multiple signaling pathways. OPEs can bind to transthyretin (TTR) and thyroxine-binding globulin, thereby affecting the transport of TH in the blood, and to the brain by TTR through the blood-brain barrier. When GH3 cells were exposed to OPEs, cell proliferation was significantly inhibited given that OPEs are competitive inhibitors of TH. Cresyl diphenyl phosphate was shown to be an effective antagonist of TH. Chronic exposure to OPEs significantly inhibited the growth of zebrafish by interfering with thyroperoxidase and thyroglobulin to inhibit TH synthesis. Based on comparisons of modulations of gene expression with the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases, signaling pathways related to thyroid endocrine functions, such as receptor-ligand binding and regulation of hormone levels, were identified as being affected by exposure to OPEs. Effects were also associated with the biosynthesis and metabolism of lipids, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms by which OPEs disrupt thyroid pathways in zebrafish.
Collapse
Key Words
- AChE, acetylcholinesterase
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- BCF, bioconcentration factor
- BFR, brominated flame retardant
- CD-FBS, charcoal-dextran-treated fetal bovine serum
- CDP, cresyl diphenyl phosphate
- Competitive inhibition assay
- DEG, differentially expressed gene
- DKA, β-diketone antibiotic
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- EAS, estrogen
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GO, Gene Ontology
- HPLC-MS/MS, high-performance liquid chromatograph interfaced with a mass spectrometer
- HPT, hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid
- HS, horse serum
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- Molecular docking simulation
- NIS, Na+/I− symporter
- OD490, optical density
- OPE, organophosphate ester
- OPFR, organophosphate flame retardant
- Organophosphate ester
- P/S, penicillin–streptomycin
- PBDE, polybrominated diphenyl ether
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- RIC20/50, concentration inhibiting 20%/50%
- T4, thyroxin
- TBG, thyroxine-binding globulin
- TCIPP, tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate
- TDCIPP, tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP)
- TDCIPP-d15, tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate-D15
- TG, thyroglobulin
- TH, thyroid hormone
- THR, thyroid hormone receptor
- TIPP, tris(isopropyl) phosphate
- TPHP, triphenyl phosphate
- TPO, thyroperoxidase
- TRβ, thyroid hormone receptor β
- TTR, transthyretin
- Thyroid endocrine function
- Transcriptome sequencing
- androgen, and steroidogenesis
- cga, glycoprotein hormone
- qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time PCR
- tshβa, thyroid-stimulating hormone beta subunit a
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Chenglian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Xiaowei Jin
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing, 100012, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Fangkun Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yu Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yingchen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - John P. Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Warner RM, Sweeney LM, Hayhurst BA, Mayo ML. Toxicokinetic Modeling of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Concentrations within Developing Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Populations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:13189-13199. [PMID: 36055240 PMCID: PMC9494737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are pervasive environmental contaminants, and their relative stability and high bioaccumulation potential create a challenging risk assessment problem. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) data, in principle, can be synthesized within a quantitative adverse outcome pathway (qAOP) framework to link molecular activity with individual or population level hazards. However, even as qAOP models are still in their infancy, there is a need to link internal dose and toxicity endpoints in a more rigorous way to further not only qAOP models but adverse outcome pathway frameworks in general. We address this problem by suggesting refinements to the current state of toxicokinetic modeling for the early development zebrafish exposed to PFAS up to 120 h post-fertilization. Our approach describes two key physiological transformation phenomena of the developing zebrafish: dynamic volume of an individual and dynamic hatching of a population. We then explore two different modeling strategies to describe the mass transfer, with one strategy relying on classical kinetic rates and the other incorporating mechanisms of membrane transport and adsorption/binding potential. Moving forward, we discuss the challenges of extending this model in both timeframe and chemical class, in conjunction with providing a conceptual framework for its integration with ongoing qAOP modeling efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross M. Warner
- Oak
Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
- Environmental
Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and
Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, United States
| | - Lisa M. Sweeney
- UES,
Inc., assigned to US Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson
Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45432, United
States
| | - Brett A. Hayhurst
- Environmental
Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and
Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, United States
- Department
of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Michael L. Mayo
- Environmental
Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and
Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu D, Hong Y, Feng C, Yan Z, Bai Y, Xu Y. General Challenges and Recommendations for the Water Quality Criteria of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 108:995-1000. [PMID: 35322278 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Water quality criteria (WQC) play an important role in the environmental management of pollutants in different countries or institutions. It has been found that endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can potentially alter functions of the endocrine system and consequently cause adverse effects in aquatic organisms. Therefore, the complicated modes of action and mechanisms of EDCs should be carefully considered in WQC studies. For example, the research regarding the WQC derivation of EDCs should prioritize sensitive aquatic species in consideration of the WQC derivation. Second, the chronic toxicity of EDCs should be of utmost concern. In addition, the appropriate effects and endpoints of EDCs should be carefully selected for the WQC derivation. Moreover, it was pointed out that some new methods should be taken into consideration in the WQC studies of EDCs in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
- College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenfei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tian M, Xia P, Yan L, Gou X, Giesy JP, Dai J, Yu H, Zhang X. Toxicological Mechanism of Individual Susceptibility to Formaldehyde-Induced Respiratory Effects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:6511-6524. [PMID: 35438505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of individual susceptibility to exposure to environmental pollutants has been a challenge in health risk assessment. Here, an integrated approach combining a CRISPR screen in human cells and epidemiological analysis was developed to identify the individual susceptibility to the adverse health effects of air pollutants by taking formaldehyde (FA) and the associated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as a case study. Among the primary hits of CRISPR screening of FA in human A549 cells, HTR4 was the only gene genetically associated with COPD susceptibility in global populations. However, the association between HTR4 and FA-induced respiratory toxicity is unknown in the literature. Adverse outcome pathway (AOP) network analysis of CRISPR screen hits provided a potential mechanistic link between activation of HTR4 (molecular initiating event) and FA-induced lung injury (adverse outcome). Systematic toxicology tests (in vitro and animal experiments) were conducted to reveal the HTR4-involved biological mechanisms underlying the susceptibility to adverse health effects of FA. Functionality and enhanced expression of HTR4 were required for susceptibility to FA-induced lung injury, and FA-induced epigenetic changes could result in enhanced expression of HTR4. Specific epigenetic and genetic characteristics of HTR4 were associated with the progression and prevalence of COPD, respectively, and these genetic risk factors for COPD could be potential biomarkers of individual susceptibility to adverse respiratory effects of FA. These biomarkers could be of great significance for defining subpopulations susceptible to exposure to FA and reducing uncertainty in the next-generation health risk assessment of air pollutants. Our study delineated a novel toxicological pathway mediated by HTR4 in FA-induced lung injury, which could provide a mechanistic understanding of the potential biomarkers of individual susceptibility to adverse respiratory effects of FA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatoon SK S7N 5B3, Canada
- Zoology Department, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, 1129 Farm Lane Road, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Jiayin Dai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pípal M, Wiklund L, Caccia S, Beronius A. Assessment of endocrine disruptive properties of PFOS: EFSA/ECHA guidance case study utilising AOP networks and alternative methods. EFSA J 2022; 20:e200418. [PMID: 35634558 PMCID: PMC9131586 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.e200418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are chemical substances that interfere with the endocrine system, adversely affecting human health and environment. Legislation with aim to eliminate and ban EDs have been introduced in EU, but the identification of EDs remains challenging and crucial step towards regulation and risk management. A guidance for ED assessment has been recently established for pesticides and biocides in the EU, which heavily relies on traditional toxicological testing in vivo. Most notably lacking mechanistic methods for some ED modalities and not covering many other modalities that might be affected by EDs. In this project, we focus on the ED assessment according to the valid legislation and explore the possibility to employ alternative methods to bolster the mechanistic understanding of the ED effects and eventually decrease the need for in vivo testing. We selected a well‐studied industrial chemical perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) to be a model compound in a case study for ED assessment where the EU criteria were applied in the frame of human health risk assessment with focus on thyroid disruption and developmental neurotoxicity. A systematic literature review has been conducted for these effects (Scopus, Pubmed, Embase), and relevant studies were selected by title/abstract screening (RAYYAN) and full‐text examination. Selected studies were assessed for reliability (SciRAP), and all relevant data were extracted into a database and assessed by Weight of Evidence (WoE) approach. The initial analysis showed potential endocrine adverse effects and endocrine activity, meeting the ED criteria. The use of mechanistic and alternative methods enhanced the outcomes of WoE assessment. Also, the study provides a great hands‐on experience with the most up‐to‐date development in the area of risk assessment and EDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Pípal
- Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Sweden
| | - Linus Wiklund
- Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Sweden
| | - Sara Caccia
- Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Sweden
| | - Anna Beronius
- Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Robitaille J, Denslow ND, Escher BI, Kurita-Oyamada HG, Marlatt V, Martyniuk CJ, Navarro-Martín L, Prosser R, Sanderson T, Yargeau V, Langlois VS. Towards regulation of Endocrine Disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in water resources using bioassays - A guide to developing a testing strategy. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112483. [PMID: 34863984 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are found in every environmental medium and are chemically diverse. Their presence in water resources can negatively impact the health of both human and wildlife. Currently, there are no mandatory screening mandates or regulations for EDC levels in complex water samples globally. Bioassays, which allow quantifying in vivo or in vitro biological effects of chemicals are used commonly to assess acute toxicity in water. The existing OECD framework to identify single-compound EDCs offers a set of bioassays that are validated for the Estrogen-, Androgen-, and Thyroid hormones, and for Steroidogenesis pathways (EATS). In this review, we discussed bioassays that could be potentially used to screen EDCs in water resources, including in vivo and in vitro bioassays using invertebrates, fish, amphibians, and/or mammalians species. Strengths and weaknesses of samples preparation for complex water samples are discussed. We also review how to calculate the Effect-Based Trigger values, which could serve as thresholds to determine if a given water sample poses a risk based on existing quality standards. This work aims to assist governments and regulatory agencies in developing a testing strategy towards regulation of EDCs in water resources worldwide. The main recommendations include 1) opting for internationally validated cell reporter in vitro bioassays to reduce animal use & cost; 2) testing for cell viability (a critical parameter) when using in vitro bioassays; and 3) evaluating the recovery of the water sample preparation method selected. This review also highlights future research avenues for the EDC screening revolution (e.g., 3D tissue culture, transgenic animals, OMICs, and Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs)).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Robitaille
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | | | - Beate I Escher
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Vicki Marlatt
- Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Laia Navarro-Martín
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Thomas Sanderson
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, INRS, Laval, QC, Canada
| | | | - Valerie S Langlois
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Quebec City, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Miller DH, Villeneuve DL, Santana-Rodriguez KJ, Ankley GT. A Multidimensional Matrix Model for Predicting the Effects of Male-Biased Sex Ratios on Fish Populations. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:1066-1077. [PMID: 35020961 PMCID: PMC9586198 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory experiments have established that exposure to certain endocrine-active substances prior to and/or during the period of sexual differentiation can lead to skewed sex ratios in fish. However, the potential long-term population impact of biased sex ratio depends on multiple factors including the life history of the species and whether the ratio is male or female-biased. In the present study, we describe a novel multidimensional, density-dependent matrix model that analyzes age class-structure of both males and females over time, allowing for the quantitative evaluation of the effects of biased sex ratio on population status. This approach can be used in conjunction with field monitoring efforts and/or laboratory testing to link effects on sex ratio due to chemical and/or nonchemical stressors to adverse outcomes in whole organisms and populations. For demonstration purposes, we applied the model to evaluate population trajectories for fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) exposed to prochloraz, an aromatase inhibitor, during sexual differentiation. The model also was used to explore the population impact in a more realistic exposure scenario in which both adult and early life stages of fish are exposed concurrently to prochloraz, which, in addition to altering sex ratio during development, can decrease vitellogenin and egg production in adult females. For each exposure scenario, the model was used to analyze total population size, numbers of females and of males, and sex specific recruitment of the F1 generation. The present study illustrates the utility of multidimensional matrix population models for ecological risk assessment in terms of integrating effects across a population of an organism even when chemical effects on individuals are manifested via different pathways depending on life stage. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1066-1077. Published 2022. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David H. Miller
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Daniel L. Villeneuve
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Kelvin J. Santana-Rodriguez
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Participant at the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Gerald T. Ankley
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ramšak Ž, Modic V, Li RA, vom Berg C, Zupanic A. From Causal Networks to Adverse Outcome Pathways: A Developmental Neurotoxicity Case Study. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:815754. [PMID: 35295214 PMCID: PMC8915909 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.815754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decade has seen the adverse outcome pathways (AOP) framework become one of the most powerful tools in chemical risk assessment, but the development of new AOPs remains a slow and manually intensive process. Here, we present a faster approach for AOP generation, based on manually curated causal toxicological networks. As a case study, we took a recently published zebrafish developmental neurotoxicity network, which contains causally connected molecular events leading to neuropathologies, and developed two new adverse outcome pathways: Inhibition of Fyna (Src family tyrosine kinase A) leading to increased mortality via decreased eye size (AOP 399 on AOP-Wiki) and GSK3beta (Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta) inactivation leading to increased mortality via defects in developing inner ear (AOP 410). The approach consists of an automatic separation of the toxicological network into candidate AOPs, filtering the AOPs according to available evidence and length as well as manual development of new AOPs and weight-of-evidence evaluation. The semiautomatic approach described here provides a new opportunity for fast and straightforward AOP development based on large network resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Živa Ramšak
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vid Modic
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Roman A. Li
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Eawag—Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Colette vom Berg
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Eawag—Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Anze Zupanic
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- *Correspondence: Anze Zupanic,
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Martyniuk CJ, Martínez R, Navarro-Martín L, Kamstra JH, Schwendt A, Reynaud S, Chalifour L. Emerging concepts and opportunities for endocrine disruptor screening of the non-EATS modalities. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:111904. [PMID: 34418449 PMCID: PMC8669078 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are ubiquitous in the environment and involve diverse chemical-receptor interactions that can perturb hormone signaling. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development has validated several EDC-receptor bioassays to detect endocrine active chemicals and has established guidelines for regulatory testing of EDCs. Focus on testing over the past decade has been initially directed to EATS modalities (estrogen, androgen, thyroid, and steroidogenesis) and validated tests for chemicals that exert effects through non-EATS modalities are less established. Due to recognition that EDCs are vast in their mechanisms of action, novel bioassays are needed to capture the full scope of activity. Here, we highlight the need for validated assays that detect non-EATS modalities and discuss major international efforts underway to develop such tools for regulatory purposes, focusing on non-EATS modalities of high concern (i.e., retinoic acid, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, and glucocorticoid signaling). Two case studies are presented with strong evidence amongst animals and human studies for non-EATS disruption and associations with wildlife and human disease. This includes metabolic syndrome and insulin signaling (case study 1) and chemicals that impact the cardiovascular system (case study 2). This is relevant as obesity and cardiovascular disease represent two of the most significant health-related crises of our time. Lastly, emerging topics related to EDCs are discussed, including recognition of crosstalk between the EATS and non-EATS axis, complex mixtures containing a variety of EDCs, adverse outcome pathways for chemicals acting through non-EATS mechanisms, and novel models for testing chemicals. Recommendations and considerations for evaluating non-EATS modalities are proposed. Moving forward, improved understanding of the non-EATS modalities will lead to integrated testing strategies that can be used in regulatory bodies to protect environmental, animal, and human health from harmful environmental chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Rubén Martínez
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain
| | - Laia Navarro-Martín
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain
| | - Jorke H Kamstra
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Adam Schwendt
- Division of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, McGill University, 850 Sherbrooke Street, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1A2, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin Cote Ste Catherine, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Stéphane Reynaud
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Lorraine Chalifour
- Division of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, McGill University, 850 Sherbrooke Street, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1A2, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin Cote Ste Catherine, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1E2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Barton-Maclaren TS, Wade M, Basu N, Bayen S, Grundy J, Marlatt V, Moore R, Parent L, Parrott J, Grigorova P, Pinsonnault-Cooper J, Langlois VS. Innovation in regulatory approaches for endocrine disrupting chemicals: The journey to risk assessment modernization in Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112225. [PMID: 34666016 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Globally, regulatory authorities grapple with the challenge of assessing the hazards and risks to human and ecosystem health that may result from exposure to chemicals that disrupt the normal functioning of endocrine systems. Rapidly increasing number of chemicals in commerce, coupled with the reliance on traditional, costly animal experiments for hazard characterization - often with limited sensitivity to many important mechanisms of endocrine disruption -, presents ongoing challenges for chemical regulation. The consequence is a limited number of chemicals for which there is sufficient data to assess if there is endocrine toxicity and hence few chemicals with thorough hazard characterization. To address this challenge, regulatory assessment of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is benefiting from a revolution in toxicology that focuses on New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) to more rapidly identify, prioritize, and assess the potential risks from exposure to chemicals using novel, more efficient, and more mechanistically driven methodologies and tools. Incorporated into Integrated Approaches to Testing and Assessment (IATA) and guided by conceptual frameworks such as Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs), emerging approaches focus initially on molecular interactions between the test chemical and potentially vulnerable biological systems instead of the need for animal toxicity data. These new toxicity testing methods can be complemented with in silico and computational toxicology approaches, including those that predict chemical kinetics. Coupled with exposure data, these will inform risk-based decision-making approaches. Canada is part of a global network collaborating on building confidence in the use of NAMs for regulatory assessment of EDCs. Herein, we review the current approaches to EDC regulation globally (mainly from the perspective of human health), and provide a perspective on how the advances for regulatory testing and assessment can be applied and discuss the promises and challenges faced in adopting these novel approaches to minimize risks due to EDC exposure in Canada, and our world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T S Barton-Maclaren
- Existing Substances Risk Assessment Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Canada.
| | - M Wade
- Environmental Health Centre, Environmental Health, Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - N Basu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - S Bayen
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - J Grundy
- New Substances Assessment and Control Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Canada
| | - V Marlatt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - R Moore
- New Substances Assessment and Control Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Canada
| | - L Parent
- Département Science et Technologie, Université TÉLUQ, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - J Parrott
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - P Grigorova
- Département Science et Technologie, Université TÉLUQ, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - J Pinsonnault-Cooper
- New Substances Assessment and Control Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Canada
| | - V S Langlois
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Horie Y, Nomura M, Okamoto K, Takahashi C, Sato T, Miyagawa S, Okamura H, Iguchi T. Effect of thyroid hormone-disrupting chemicals on swim bladder inflation and thyroid hormone-related gene expression in Japanese medaka and zebrafish. J Appl Toxicol 2022; 42:1385-1395. [PMID: 35172387 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We compared the influence of thyroid hormone-disrupting chemicals (heptafluorobutanoic acid, PFBA and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate, TDCPP), and thyroid hormone (3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine, T3) on swim bladder inflation and thyroid hormone-related gene expression in Japanese medaka and zebrafish. The swim bladder of most larvae had inflated at 4 hours post hatching (hph) in Japanese medaka and at 48 hph in zebrafish in controls. In both fish species, the swim bladder inflation was inhibited in larvae exposed to PFBA (lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) in medaka: 40 mg/L; in zebrafish: 80 mg/L), TDCPP (LOEC in medaka: 1 mg/L; in zebrafish: 0.5 mg/L), and T3 (no inhibition in Japanese medaka; LOEC in zebrafish: 7.5 μg/L). We also examined the influence of PFBA, TDCPP, and T3 on the expression of thyroid stimulating hormone subunit beta (tshβ) or thyroid hormone receptor alpha (trα) and beta (trβ). No changes were observed in the expression of genes after PFBA and TDCPP exposure; however, T3 exposure upregulated trα and trβ expression in both fish species. When the results were compared between Japanese medaka and zebrafish, swim bladder inflation in both species was found to be inhibited by exposure to thyroid hormone-disrupting chemicals. Our results show that inhibition of the swim bladder inflation at 4 hph in Japanese medaka and 48 hph in zebrafish is a potential indicator of thyroid hormone-disturbing activity of chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Horie
- Research Center for Inland Sea (KURCIS), Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Miho Nomura
- Faculty of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Konori Okamoto
- Faculty of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Chiho Takahashi
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Tomomi Sato
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Miyagawa
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Okamura
- Research Center for Inland Sea (KURCIS), Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cui S, Yu Y, Zhan T, Gao Y, Zhang J, Zhang L, Ge Z, Liu W, Zhang C, Zhuang S. Carcinogenic Risk of 2,6-Di- tert-Butylphenol and Its Quinone Metabolite 2,6-DTBQ Through Their Interruption of RARβ: In Vivo, In Vitro, and In Silico Investigations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:480-490. [PMID: 34927421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thousands of contaminants are used worldwide and eventually released into the environment, presenting a challenge of health risk assessment. The identification of key toxic pathways and characterization of interactions with target biomacromolecules are essential for health risk assessments. The adverse outcome pathway (AOP) incorporates toxic mechanisms into health risk assessment by emphasizing the relationship among molecular initiating events (MIEs), key events (KEs), and adverse outcome (AO). Herein, we attempted the use of AOP to decipher the toxic effects of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol (2,6-DTBP) and its para-quinone metabolite 2,6-di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone (2,6-DTBQ) based on integrated transcriptomics, molecular modeling, and cell-based assays. Through transcriptomics and quantitative real-time PCR validation, we identified retinoic acid receptor β (RARβ) as the key target biomacromolecule. The epigenetic analysis and molecular modeling revealed RARβ interference as one MIE, including DNA methylation and conformational changes. In vitro assays extended subsequent KEs, including altered protein expression of p-Erk1/2 and COX-2, and promoted cancer cell H4IIE proliferation and metastasis. These toxic effects altogether led to carcinogenic risk as the AO of 2,6-DTBP and 2,6-DTBQ, in line with chemical carcinogenesis identified from transcriptome profiling. Overall, our simplified AOP network of 2,6-DTBP and 2,6-DTBQ facilitates relevant health risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shixuan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Solid Waste and Chemicals Management Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tingjie Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Women's Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yuchen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiachen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiwei Ge
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chunlong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Houston-Clear Lake, Houston, Texas 77058, United States
| | - Shulin Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Women's Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wang X, Wang L, Li F, Teng Y, Ji C, Wu H. Toxicity pathways of lipid metabolic disorders induced by typical replacement flame retardants via data-driven analysis, in silico and in vitro approaches. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132419. [PMID: 34600017 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals can interfere with hormone action via various pathways, thereby increasing the risk of adverse health outcomes. Organophosphorus ester (OPEs) retardants, a group of new emerging endocrine disruption chemicals, have been referred to as metabolism disruptors and reported to induce chronic health problems. However, the toxicity pathways were mainly focused on nuclear receptor signaling pathways. Significantly, the membrane receptor pathway (such as G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) signaling pathway) had been gradually realized as the important role in respond more effective to lipid metabolism disorder than traditional nuclear receptors, whereas the detailed mechanism was unclear yet. Therefore, this study innovatively integrated the bibliometric analysis, in silico and in vitro approach to develop toxicity pathways for the mechanism interpretation. Bibliometric analysis found that the typical OPEs - triphenyl phosphate was a major concern of lipid metabolism abnormality. Results verified that TPP could damage the structures of cell membranes and exert an agonistic effect of GPER as the molecular initiating event. Then, the activated GPER could trigger the PI3K-Akt/NCOR1 and mTOR/S6K2/PPARα transduction pathways as key event 1 (KE1) and affect the process of lipid metabolism and synthesis (CPT1A, CPT2, SREBF2 and SCD) as KE2. As a result, these alterations led to lipid accumulation as adverse effect at cellular-levels. Furthermore, the potential outcomes (such as immunity damage, weight change and steatohepatitis) at high biological levels were expanded. These findings improved knowledge to deeply understand toxicity pathways of phosphorus flame retardants and then provided a theoretical basis for risk assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Yantai Yuhuangding Hosp, Dept Western Med, Yuhuangdingdong Rd 20, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
| | - Yuefa Teng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Chenglong Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Huifeng Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Dang Z, Arena M, Kienzler A. Fish toxicity testing for identification of thyroid disrupting chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 284:117374. [PMID: 34051580 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Identification of thyroid disrupting chemicals (TDCs), one of the most studied types of endocrine disruptors (EDs), is required according to EU regulations on industrial chemicals, pesticides, and biocides. Following that requirement, the use of fish as a unique non-mammalian model species for identification of EDs may be warranted. This study summarized and evaluated effects of TDCs on fish thyroid sensitive endpoints including thyroid hormones, thyroid related gene expression, immunostaining for thyroid follicles, eye size and pigmentation, swim bladder inflation as well as effects of TDCs on secondary sex characteristics, sex ratio, growth and reproduction. Changes in thyroid sensitive endpoints may reflect the balanced outcome of different processes of the thyroid cascade. Thyroid sensitive endpoints may also be altered by non-thyroid molecular or endocrine pathways as well as non-specific factors such as general toxicity, development, stress, nutrient, and the environmental factors like temperature and pH. Defining chemical specific effects on thyroid sensitive endpoints is important for identification of TDCs. Application of the AOP (adverse outcome pathway) concept could be helpful for defining critical events needed for testing and identification of TDCs in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ZhiChao Dang
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment A. van Leeuwenhoeklaan, 93720, BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Maria Arena
- European Food Safety Authority Via Carlo Magno 1/A, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Aude Kienzler
- European Food Safety Authority Via Carlo Magno 1/A, 43126, Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Reinwald H, König A, Ayobahan SU, Alvincz J, Sipos L, Göckener B, Böhle G, Shomroni O, Hollert H, Salinas G, Schäfers C, Eilebrecht E, Eilebrecht S. Toxicogenomic fin(ger)prints for thyroid disruption AOP refinement and biomarker identification in zebrafish embryos. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 760:143914. [PMID: 33333401 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disruption (ED) can trigger far-reaching effects on environmental populations, justifying a refusal of market approval for chemicals with ED properties. For the hazard assessment of ED effects on the thyroid system, regulatory decisions mostly rely on amphibian studies. Here, we used transcriptomics and proteomics for identifying molecular signatures of interference with thyroid hormone signaling preceding physiological effects in zebrafish embryos. For this, we analyzed the thyroid hormone 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) and the thyroid peroxidase inhibitor 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (6-PTU) as model substances for increased and repressed thyroid hormone signaling in a modified zebrafish embryo toxicity test. We identified consistent gene expression fingerprints for both modes-of-action (MoA) at sublethal test concentrations. T3 and 6-PTU both significantly target the expression of genes involved in muscle contraction and functioning in an opposing fashion, allowing for a mechanistic refinement of key event relationships in thyroid-related adverse outcome pathways in fish. Furthermore, our fingerprints identify biomarker candidates for thyroid disruption hazard screening approaches. Perspectively, our findings will promote the AOP-based development of in vitro assays for thyroidal ED assessment, which in the long term will contribute to a reduction of regulatory animal tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Reinwald
- Fraunhofer Attract Eco'n'OMICs, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany; Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Azora König
- Fraunhofer Attract Eco'n'OMICs, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Steve U Ayobahan
- Fraunhofer Attract Eco'n'OMICs, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Julia Alvincz
- Fraunhofer Attract Eco'n'OMICs, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Levente Sipos
- Fraunhofer Attract Eco'n'OMICs, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Göckener
- Department Environmental and Food Analysis, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Gisela Böhle
- Department Ecotoxicology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Orr Shomroni
- NGS-Services for Integrative Genomics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas
- NGS-Services for Integrative Genomics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Schäfers
- Department Ecotoxicology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Elke Eilebrecht
- Department Ecotoxicology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Eilebrecht
- Fraunhofer Attract Eco'n'OMICs, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ankley GT, Cureton P, Hoke RA, Houde M, Kumar A, Kurias J, Lanno R, McCarthy C, Newsted J, Salice CJ, Sample BE, Sepúlveda MS, Steevens J, Valsecchi S. Assessing the Ecological Risks of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Current State-of-the Science and a Proposed Path Forward. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:564-605. [PMID: 32897586 PMCID: PMC7984443 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) encompass a large, heterogenous group of chemicals of potential concern to human health and the environment. Based on information for a few relatively well-understood PFAS such as perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoate, there is ample basis to suspect that at least a subset can be considered persistent, bioaccumulative, and/or toxic. However, data suitable for determining risks in either prospective or retrospective assessments are lacking for the majority of PFAS. In August 2019, the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry sponsored a workshop that focused on the state-of-the-science supporting risk assessment of PFAS. The present review summarizes discussions concerning the ecotoxicology and ecological risks of PFAS. First, we summarize currently available information relevant to problem formulation/prioritization, exposure, and hazard/effects of PFAS in the context of regulatory and ecological risk assessment activities from around the world. We then describe critical gaps and uncertainties relative to ecological risk assessments for PFAS and propose approaches to address these needs. Recommendations include the development of more comprehensive monitoring programs to support exposure assessment, an emphasis on research to support the formulation of predictive models for bioaccumulation, and the development of in silico, in vitro, and in vivo methods to efficiently assess biological effects for potentially sensitive species/endpoints. Addressing needs associated with assessing the ecological risk of PFAS will require cross-disciplinary approaches that employ both conventional and new methods in an integrated, resource-effective manner. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:564-605. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald T. Ankley
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection AgencyDuluthMinnesotaUSA
| | - Philippa Cureton
- Science and Risk Assessment Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, GatineauQuebecCanada
| | | | - Magali Houde
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, MontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Anupama Kumar
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation UrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Jessy Kurias
- Science and Risk Assessment Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, GatineauQuebecCanada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria S. Sepúlveda
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue UniversityWest LayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Jeffery Steevens
- US Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research CenterColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Sara Valsecchi
- Water Research Institute, National Research CouncilBrugherioMonza and BrianzaItaly
| |
Collapse
|