1
|
Song J, Mavraganis I, Shen W, Yang H, Zou J. Applying a non-GMO breeding approach with an identified natural variation to reduce food allergen Len c3 in Lens culinaris seeds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1355902. [PMID: 38742216 PMCID: PMC11090098 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1355902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Lentils (Lens culinaris) are produced in diverse agroecological regions and are consumed as one of the most important food legumes worldwide. Lentils possess a nutritional profile from a human health perspective that is not only nutrient dense but also offers a better balance between protein and carbohydrates. However, lentil causes food allergy, which has been a significant concern due to increased consumption in parts of the world. Len c3, a non-specific lipid transfer protein (LTP), was identified as one of the allergens in lentil seeds. In this study, we identified an LTP gene Lcu.2RBY.4g013600 that encodes the lentil allergen Len c3. We then focused on gene screening from a collection of natural accessions to search for natural mutations of the Len c3 allergen-encoding gene. A natural lentil line M11 was identified with mutations at LcLTP3b and low accumulation of vicilin through genomic-assisted approaches. Furthermore, we generated a pool of lentil germplasms with LcLTP3b mutation background through crossing the identified lentil plant M11 with two lentil cultivars, CDC Redmoon and CDC Gold. These generated lentil hybrids can be used as a breeding resource targeting at reducing allergen risk in lentil consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jitao Zou
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alexander R, Khaja A, Debiec N, Fazioli A, Torrance M, Razzaque MS. Health-promoting benefits of lentils: Anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial effects. Curr Res Physiol 2024; 7:100124. [PMID: 38501131 PMCID: PMC10945126 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2024.100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper describes how lentils (Lens culinaris species) can positively affect health by reducing inflammation, providing antioxidants, and displaying antimicrobial properties. Lentils are rich in proteins, essential amino acids, minerals, and fibers, making them a valuable source of nutrition, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Lentils have many health benefits, including positive effects on diabetes management, support for cardiovascular health, and antioxidative properties. The antioxidative properties of lentils, attributed to their phenolic content, and their ability to inhibit inflammation-related enzymes are also discussed. We discuss the potential of lentils as a dietary tool in promoting immunity, reducing disease burdens, and preventing nutritional deficiencies. Overall, lentils are a highly nutritious food with various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. The fiber and protein content in lentils make them beneficial for weight management, blood sugar regulation, and supporting overall gut health. Furthermore, the slow rate at which lentils affect blood sugar levels, due to their low glycemic index, can be advantageous for individuals with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Alexander
- Department of Pathology, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA, 16509, USA
| | - Abdullah Khaja
- Department of Pathology, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA, 16509, USA
| | - Nicholas Debiec
- Department of Pathology, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA, 16509, USA
| | - Alex Fazioli
- Department of Pathology, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA, 16509, USA
| | - Mary Torrance
- Department of Pathology, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA, 16509, USA
| | - Mohammed S. Razzaque
- Department of Pathology, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA, 16509, USA
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (UTRGV), 1204 W Schunior Street, Edinburg, TX 78541, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Marshall J, Vargas A, Bett K. B vitamin quantification in lentil seed tissues using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2024; 430:136922. [PMID: 37517945 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Lentils are a nutritious food in the human diet. High in protein and with low glycemic index, lentils are also a source of folate and other B vitamins. Understanding variability in B vitamin contents among lentils will allow breeders to select for increased levels. We analyzed 34 cultivated and three wild genotypes for vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, and B9 in the cotyledons and seed coats. Variation for all B vitamins was observed across the genotypes. Cotyledons had higher concentrations of B1 and B3, while seed coats had higher concentrations of B2, B5, B6, and B9. Wild accessions had the highest concentrations of vitamin B9 and were among the highest for B2. Differential distribution of B vitamins across seed tissues and lentil genotypes has implications for consumption and for breeding. There is useful genetic variability which could be used to increase B vitamin levels in future lentil varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Marshall
- Dept. of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada.
| | - Ana Vargas
- Dept. of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada.
| | - Kirstin Bett
- Dept. of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou B, Cao H, Wu Q, Mao K, Yang X, Su J, Zhang H. Agronomic and Genetic Strategies to Enhance Selenium Accumulation in Crops and Their Influence on Quality. Foods 2023; 12:4442. [PMID: 38137246 PMCID: PMC10742783 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element that plays a crucial role in maintaining the health of humans, animals, and certain plants. It is extensively present throughout the Earth's crust and is absorbed by crops in the form of selenates and selenite, eventually entering the food chain. Se biofortification is an agricultural process that employs agronomic and genetic strategies. Its goal is to enhance the mechanisms of crop uptake and the accumulation of exogenous Se, resulting in the production of crops enriched with Se. This process ultimately contributes to promoting human health. Agronomic strategies in Se biofortification aim to enhance the availability of exogenous Se in crops. Concurrently, genetic strategies focus on improving a crop's capacity to uptake, transport, and accumulate Se. Early research primarily concentrated on optimizing Se biofortification methods, improving Se fertilizer efficiency, and enhancing Se content in crops. In recent years, there has been a growing realization that Se can effectively enhance crop growth and increase crop yield, thereby contributing to alleviating food shortages. Additionally, Se has been found to promote the accumulation of macro-nutrients, antioxidants, and beneficial mineral elements in crops. The supplementation of Se biofortified foods is gradually emerging as an effective approach for promoting human dietary health and alleviating hidden hunger. Therefore, in this paper, we provide a comprehensive summary of the Se biofortification conducted over the past decade, mainly focusing on Se accumulation in crops and its impact on crop quality. We discuss various Se biofortification strategies, with an emphasis on the impact of Se fertilizer strategies on crop Se accumulation and their underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, we highlight Se's role in enhancing crop quality and offer perspective on Se biofortification in crop improvement, guiding future mechanistic explorations and applications of Se biofortification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; (B.Z.); (H.C.); (Q.W.); (K.M.); (X.Y.); (J.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haorui Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; (B.Z.); (H.C.); (Q.W.); (K.M.); (X.Y.); (J.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; (B.Z.); (H.C.); (Q.W.); (K.M.); (X.Y.); (J.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; (B.Z.); (H.C.); (Q.W.); (K.M.); (X.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Xuefeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; (B.Z.); (H.C.); (Q.W.); (K.M.); (X.Y.); (J.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junxia Su
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; (B.Z.); (H.C.); (Q.W.); (K.M.); (X.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; (B.Z.); (H.C.); (Q.W.); (K.M.); (X.Y.); (J.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kumar S, DePauw RM, Kumar S, Kumar J, Kumar S, Pandey MP. Breeding and adoption of biofortified crops and their nutritional impact on human health. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1520:5-19. [PMID: 36479674 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Micronutrient malnutrition has affected over two billion people worldwide and continues to be a health risk. A growing human population, poverty, and the prevalence of low dietary diversity are jointly responsible for malnutrition, particularly in developing nations. Inadequate bioavailability of key micronutrients, such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and vitamin A, can be improved through agronomic and/or genetic interventions. The Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research prioritizes developing biofortified food crops that are rich in minerals and vitamins through the HarvestPlus initiative on biofortification. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of biofortified food crops along with evidence supporting their acceptability and adoption. Between 2004 and 2019, 242 biofortified varieties belonging to 11 major crops were released in 30 countries across Asia, Africa, and Latin America. These conventionally bred biofortified crops include Fe-enriched beans, pearl millet, and cowpea; Zn-enriched rice, wheat, and maize; both Fe- and Zn-enriched lentil and sorghum; and varieties with improved vitamin A in orange-fleshed sweet potato, maize, cassava, and banana/plantain. In addition to ongoing efforts, breeding innovations, such as speed breeding and CRISPR-based gene editing technologies, will be necessary for the next decade to reach two billion people with biofortified crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
| | - Ron M DePauw
- Advancing Wheat Technologies, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur, India
| | - Sourabh Kumar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
| | - Madhav P Pandey
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Nepal
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Siwale J, Labuschagne M, Gerrano AS, Paterne A, Mbuma NW. Variation in protein content, starch components, selected minerals and their bioavailability in bambara groundnut accessions. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
7
|
Sen Gupta D, Dutta A, Sharanagat VS, Kumar J, Kumar A, Kumar V, Souframanien J, Singh U, Biradar R, Singh A, Sewak S. Effect of growing environments on the minerals and proximate composition of urdbeans (Vigna mungo L. Hepper). J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
8
|
Jha R, Yadav HK, Raiya R, Singh RK, Jha UC, Sathee L, Singh P, Thudi M, Singh A, Chaturvedi SK, Tripathi S. Integrated breeding approaches to enhance the nutritional quality of food legumes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:984700. [PMID: 36161025 PMCID: PMC9490089 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.984700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Global food security, both in terms of quantity and quality remains as a challenge with the increasing population. In parallel, micronutrient deficiency in the human diet leads to malnutrition and several health-related problems collectively known as "hidden hunger" more prominent in developing countries around the globe. Biofortification is a potential tool to fortify grain legumes with micronutrients to mitigate the food and nutritional security of the ever-increasing population. Anti-nutritional factors like phytates, raffinose (RFO's), oxalates, tannin, etc. have adverse effects on human health upon consumption. Reduction of the anti-nutritional factors or preventing their accumulation offers opportunity for enhancing the intake of legumes in diet besides increasing the bioavailability of micronutrients. Integrated breeding methods are routinely being used to exploit the available genetic variability for micronutrients through modern "omic" technologies such as genomics, transcriptomics, ionomics, and metabolomics for developing biofortified grain legumes. Molecular mechanism of Fe/Zn uptake, phytate, and raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) biosynthesis pathways have been elucidated. Transgenic, microRNAs and genome editing tools hold great promise for designing nutrient-dense and anti-nutrient-free grain legumes. In this review, we present the recent efforts toward manipulation of genes/QTLs regulating biofortification and Anti-nutrient accumulation in legumes using genetics-, genomics-, microRNA-, and genome editing-based approaches. We also discuss the success stories in legumes enrichment and recent advances in development of low Anti-nutrient lines. We hope that these emerging tools and techniques will expedite the efforts to develop micronutrient dense legume crop varieties devoid of Anti-nutritional factors that will serve to address the challenges like malnutrition and hidden hunger.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rintu Jha
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hemant Kumar Yadav
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Raiya
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Uday Chand Jha
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Lekshmy Sathee
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Prashant Singh
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mahendar Thudi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Samastipur, India
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Center for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowmba, QLD, Australia
| | - Anshuman Singh
- College of Agriculture, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Chaturvedi
- College of Agriculture, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shailesh Tripathi
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dutta S, Pal S, Panwar P, Sharma RK, Bhutia PL. Biopolymeric Nanocarriers for Nutrient Delivery and Crop Biofortification. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:25909-25920. [PMID: 35936412 PMCID: PMC9352165 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Driven by the possibility of precise transformational change in nutrient-enrichment technology to meet global food demand, advanced nutrient delivery strategies have emerged to pave the path toward success for nutrient enrichment in edible parts of crops through bioderived nanocarriers with increased productivity. Slow and controlled release of nutrient carrier materials influences the nutrient delivery rate in soil and in the edible parts of crops with a sluggish nutrient delivery to enhance their availability in roots by minimizing nutrient loss. With a limited understanding of the nutrient delivery mechanism in soil and the edible parts of crops, it is envisaged to introduce nutrient-enrichment technology for nutrient delivery that minimizes environmental impact due to its biodegradable nature. This article attempts to analyze the possible role of the cellulose matrix for nutrient release and the role of cellulose nanocomposites and nanofibers. We have proposed a few cellulose derived biofortificant materials as nutrient carriers, such as (1) nanofibers, (2) polymer-nanocellulose-clay composites, (3) silk-fibroin derived nanocarriers, and (4) carboxymethyl cellulose. An effort is undertaken to describe the research need by linking a biopolymer derived nanocarrier for crop growth regulation and experimental nitrogen release analysis. We have finally provided a perspective on cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) for microcage based nutrient loading ability. This article aims to explain why biopolymer derived nutrient carriers are the alternative candidate for alleviating nutrient deficiency challenges which are involved in focusing the nutrient delivery profile of biopolymers and promising biofortification of crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Dutta
- Electrochemical
Energy & Sensor Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Click
Chemistry Research & Studies, Amity
University, Noida 201303, India
| | - Sharmistha Pal
- Research
Center, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil &
Water Conservation, Sector 27 A Madhya Marg, Chandigarh 160019, India
| | - Pankaj Panwar
- Research
Center, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil &
Water Conservation, Sector 27 A Madhya Marg, Chandigarh 160019, India
| | - Rakesh K. Sharma
- Sustainable
Materials and Catalysis Research Laboratory (SMCRL), Department of
Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342037, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pempa Lamu Bhutia
- Division
of Agroforestry, Indian Council of Agriculture
Research (ICAR), Research Complex for NEH Region, Nagaland Centre, Umiam, Nagaland 797106, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Song J, Mavraganis I, Shen W, Yang H, Cram D, Xiang D, Patterson N, Zou J. Transcriptome dissection of candidate genes associated with lentil seed quality traits. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:815-826. [PMID: 35395134 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lentils provide a rich plant-based protein source and staple food in many parts of the world. Despite numerous nutritional benefits, lentil seeds also possess undesirable elements, such as anti-nutritional factors. Understanding the genetic networks of seed metabolism is of great importance for improving the seed nutritional profile. We applied RNA sequencing analysis to survey the transcriptome of developing lentil seeds and compared this with that of the pod shells and leaves. In total, we identified 2622 genes differentially expressed among the tissues examined. Genes preferentially expressed in seeds were enriched in the Gene Ontology (GO) terms associated with development, nitrogen and carbon (N/C) metabolism and lipid synthesis. We further categorized seed preferentially expressed genes based on their involvement in storage protein production, starch accumulation, lipid and suberin metabolism, phytate, saponin and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The availability of transcript profile datasets on lentil seed metabolism and a roadmap of candidate genes presented here will be of great value for breeding strategies towards further improvement of lentil seed quality traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Song
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - I Mavraganis
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - W Shen
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - H Yang
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - D Cram
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - D Xiang
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - N Patterson
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - J Zou
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Thavarajah D, Lawrence TJ, Powers SE, Kay J, Thavarajah P, Shipe E, McGee R, Kumar S, Boyles R. Organic dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) biofortification for better human health. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261109. [PMID: 35025919 PMCID: PMC8757916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A primary criticism of organic agriculture is its lower yield and nutritional quality compared to conventional systems. Nutritionally, dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a rich source of low digestible carbohydrates, protein, and micronutrients. This study aimed to evaluate dry pea cultivars and advanced breeding lines using on-farm field selections to inform the development of biofortified organic cultivars with increased yield and nutritional quality. A total of 44 dry pea entries were grown in two USDA-certified organic on-farm locations in South Carolina (SC), United States of America (USA) for two years. Seed yield and protein for dry pea ranged from 61 to 3833 kg ha-1 and 12.6 to 34.2 g/100 g, respectively, with low heritability estimates. Total prebiotic carbohydrate concentration ranged from 14.7 to 26.6 g/100 g. A 100-g serving of organic dry pea provides 73.5 to 133% of the recommended daily allowance (%RDA) of prebiotic carbohydrates. Heritability estimates for individual prebiotic carbohydrates ranged from 0.27 to 0.82. Organic dry peas are rich in minerals [iron (Fe): 1.9-26.2 mg/100 g; zinc (Zn): 1.1-7.5 mg/100 g] and have low to moderate concentrations of phytic acid (PA:18.8-516 mg/100 g). The significant cultivar, location, and year effects were evident for grain yield, thousand seed weight (1000-seed weight), and protein, but results for other nutritional traits varied with genotype, environment, and interactions. "AAC Carver," "Jetset," and "Mystique" were the best-adapted cultivars with high yield, and "CDC Striker," "Fiddle," and "Hampton" had the highest protein concentration. These cultivars are the best performing cultivars that should be incorporated into organic dry pea breeding programs to develop cultivars suitable for organic production. In conclusion, organic dry pea has potential as a winter cash crop in southern climates. Still, it will require selecting diverse genetic material and location sourcing to develop improved cultivars with a higher yield, disease resistance, and nutritional quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dil Thavarajah
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, Pulse Quality and Nutritional Breeding, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Tristan J. Lawrence
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, Pulse Quality and Nutritional Breeding, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sarah E. Powers
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, Pulse Quality and Nutritional Breeding, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joshua Kay
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, Pulse Quality and Nutritional Breeding, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Pushparajah Thavarajah
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, Pulse Quality and Nutritional Breeding, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Emerson Shipe
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, Pulse Quality and Nutritional Breeding, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Rebecca McGee
- USDA Agriculture Research Service, Grain Legume Genetics and Physiology Research Unit, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Shiv Kumar
- Biodiversity and Crop Improvement Program, International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Rick Boyles
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, PeeDee Research and Education Center, Florence, South Carolina, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Salaria S, Boatwright JL, Thavarajah P, Kumar S, Thavarajah D. Protein Biofortification in Lentils ( Lens culinaris Medik.) Toward Human Health. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:869713. [PMID: 35449893 PMCID: PMC9016278 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.869713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is a nutritionally dense crop with significant quantities of protein, low-digestible carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins. The amino acid composition of lentil protein can impact human health by maintaining amino acid balance for physiological functions and preventing protein-energy malnutrition and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Thus, enhancing lentil protein quality through genetic biofortification, i.e., conventional plant breeding and molecular technologies, is vital for the nutritional improvement of lentil crops across the globe. This review highlights variation in protein concentration and quality across Lens species, genetic mechanisms controlling amino acid synthesis in plants, functions of amino acids, and the effect of antinutrients on the absorption of amino acids into the human body. Successful breeding strategies in lentils and other pulses are reviewed to demonstrate robust breeding approaches for protein biofortification. Future lentil breeding approaches will include rapid germplasm selection, phenotypic evaluation, genome-wide association studies, genetic engineering, and genome editing to select sequences that improve protein concentration and quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Salaria
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Jon Lucas Boatwright
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | | | - Shiv Kumar
- Biodiversity and Crop Improvement Program, International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat-Institute, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Dil Thavarajah
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
- *Correspondence: Dil Thavarajah,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li X, Sun J, Li W, Gong Z, Jia C, Li P. Effect of foliar application of the selenium-rich nutrient solution on the selenium accumulation in grains of Foxtail millet (Zhangzagu 10). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:5569-5576. [PMID: 34424470 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The foliar application of selenium (Se) is an effective method for biofortification of Se in crop grains in order to provide sufficient Se for human health. As a staple food in China, the foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.), which had been Se biofortification, would be helpful to overcome Se deficiency in the diet. The Se fertilizer and its application technology are vital for reducing environmental risk while enriching selenium. Hence, the Se-rich nutrient solution developed by ourselves was used, and the effect of its amount and growth stage applied on the accumulation of Se in grains of foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) was studied in the present study. The results were as follows: (1) the Se concentration in grains increased with the Se application rate increasing, and the highest Se concentration in grains was 1.83 mg kg-1 at the sprayed concentration of 61.5 gSe hm-2; (2) the accumulation of Se sprayed in the grain-filling stage was 1.3-1.6 times higher than that in the joint stage; and (3) the organ damage could be found under low Se/S ratio, which happened in the rice leaves when the Se rate was higher than 76.875 gSe m-2 with the low sulfate application compared with the formulation. This Se-rich nutrient solution could be used to produce the Se-rich millet grains and foliar application in the reproductive stage to produce qualified Se-rich millet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Li
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Shenyang, 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenshuan Li
- Department of Agriculture, Hetao College, Bayannur, 015000, China
- Academician and Expert Workstation for Key Techniques of Functional Agriculture in the Farming-Pastoral Zone, Dorina Selenium Science Biotechniques Company Limited, Ordos, 017000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zongqiang Gong
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Chunyun Jia
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Peijun Li
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering, Shenyang, 110016, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
El Haddad N, Choukri H, Ghanem ME, Smouni A, Mentag R, Rajendran K, Hejjaoui K, Maalouf F, Kumar S. High-Temperature and Drought Stress Effects on Growth, Yield and Nutritional Quality with Transpiration Response to Vapor Pressure Deficit in Lentil. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:95. [PMID: 35009098 PMCID: PMC8747359 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High temperature and water deficit are among the major limitations reducing lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) yield in many growing regions. In addition, increasing atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) due to global warming causes a severe challenge by influencing the water balance of the plants, thus also affecting growth and yield. In the present study, we evaluated 20 lentil genotypes under field conditions and controlled environments with the following objectives: (i) to investigate the impact of temperature stress and combined temperature-drought stress on traits related to phenology, grain yield, nutritional quality, and canopy temperature under field conditions, and (ii) to examine the genotypic variability for limited transpiration (TRlim) trait in response to increased VPD under controlled conditions. The field experiment results revealed that high-temperature stress significantly affected all parameters compared to normal conditions. The protein content ranged from 23.4 to 31.9%, while the range of grain zinc and iron content varied from 33.1 to 64.4 and 62.3 to 99.3 mg kg-1, respectively, under normal conditions. The grain protein content, zinc and iron decreased significantly by 15, 14 and 15% under high-temperature stress, respectively. However, the impact was more severe under combined temperature-drought stress with a reduction of 53% in protein content, 18% in zinc and 20% in iron. Grain yield declined significantly by 43% in temperature stress and by 49% in the combined temperature-drought stress. The results from the controlled conditions showed a wide variation in TR among studied lentil genotypes. Nine genotypes displayed TRlim at 2.76 to 3.51 kPa, with the genotypes ILL 7833 and ILL 7835 exhibiting the lowest breakpoint. Genotypes with low breakpoints had the ability to conserve water, allowing it to be used at later stages for increased yield. Our results identified promising genotypes including ILL 7835, ILL 7814 and ILL 4605 (Bakria) that could be of great interest in breeding for high yields, protein and micronutrient contents under high-temperature and drought stress. In addition, it was found that the TRlim trait has the potential to select for increased lentil yields under field water-deficit environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noureddine El Haddad
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat 10112, Morocco; (H.C.); (K.H.)
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et de Physiologie Végétales, Centre de Recherche BioBio, Faculté des Sciences, Mohammed V University Rabat, Rabat 10112, Morocco;
| | - Hasnae Choukri
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat 10112, Morocco; (H.C.); (K.H.)
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et de Physiologie Végétales, Centre de Recherche BioBio, Faculté des Sciences, Mohammed V University Rabat, Rabat 10112, Morocco;
| | - Michel Edmond Ghanem
- AgroBioSciences (AgBS) Research Division, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660 Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco;
| | - Abdelaziz Smouni
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et de Physiologie Végétales, Centre de Recherche BioBio, Faculté des Sciences, Mohammed V University Rabat, Rabat 10112, Morocco;
| | - Rachid Mentag
- Biotechnology Research Unit, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Rabat, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Rabat 10090, Morocco;
| | - Karthika Rajendran
- Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), VIT School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning (VAIAL), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Kamal Hejjaoui
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat 10112, Morocco; (H.C.); (K.H.)
| | - Fouad Maalouf
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Beirut 1108 2010, Lebanon;
| | - Shiv Kumar
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat 10112, Morocco; (H.C.); (K.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kumar J, Gupta DS, Kesari R, Verma R, Murugesan S, Basu PS, Soren KR, Gupta S, Singh NP. Comprehensive RNAseq analysis for identification of genes expressed under heat stress in lentil. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1785-1807. [PMID: 33829491 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lentils are highly sensitive to abrupt increases in temperature during the mid to late reproductive stages, leading to severe biomass and seed yield reduction. Therefore, we carried out an RNAseq analysis between IG4258 (heat tolerant) and IG3973 (heat sensitive) lentil genotypes at the reproductive stage under both normal and heat stress conditions in the field. It resulted in 209,549 assembled transcripts and among these 161,809 transcripts had coding regions, of which 94,437 transcripts were annotated. The differential gene expression analysis showed upregulation of 678 transcripts and downregulation of 680 transcripts between the tolerant and sensitive genotypes at the early reproductive stage. While 76 transcripts were upregulated and 47 transcripts were downregulated at the late reproductive stage under heat stress conditions. The validation of 12 up-or downregulated transcripts through RT-PCR corresponded well with the expression analysis data of RNAseq, with a correlation of R2 = 0.89. Among these transcripts, the DN364_c1_g1_i9 and DN2218_c0_g1_i5 transcripts encoded enzymes involved in the tryptophan pathway, indicating that tryptophan biosynthesis plays a role under heat stress in lentil. Moreover, KEGG pathways enrichment analysis identified transcripts associated with genes encoding proteins/regulating factors related to different metabolic pathways including signal transduction, fatty acid biosynthesis, rRNA processing, ribosome biogenesis, gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis, and riboflavin biosynthesis. This analysis also identified 6852 genic-SSRs leading to the development of 4968 SSR primers that are potential genomic resources for molecular mapping of heat-tolerant genes in lentil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
| | - Debjyoti Sen Gupta
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
| | - Ravi Kesari
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bhola Paswan Shastri Agricultural College, Purnea, India
| | - Renu Verma
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
| | | | - Partha Sarathi Basu
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
| | - Khela Ram Soren
- Division of Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- All India Co-ordinated Research Project on MULLaRP, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Selenium: An Element of Life Essential for Thyroid Function. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237084. [PMID: 34885664 PMCID: PMC8658851 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se), a microelement essential for life, is critical for homeostasis of several critical functions, such as those related to immune-endocrine function and signaling transduction pathways. In particular, Se is critical for the function of the thyroid, and it is particularly abundant in this gland. Unfortunately, Se deficiency is a very common condition worldwide. Supplementation is possible, but as Se has a narrow safety level, toxic levels are close to those normally required for a correct need. Thus, whether the obtaining of optimal selenium concentration is desirable, the risk of dangerous concentrations must be equally excluded. This review addressed the contribution by environment and food intake on Se circulating levels (e.g., geographical factors, such as soil concentration and climate, and different quantities in food, such as nuts, cereals, eggs, meat and fish) and effects related to its deficiency or excess, together with the role of selenium and selenoproteins in the thyroid pathophysiology (e.g., Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease).
Collapse
|
17
|
Shahzad R, Jamil S, Ahmad S, Nisar A, Khan S, Amina Z, Kanwal S, Aslam HMU, Gill RA, Zhou W. Biofortification of Cereals and Pulses Using New Breeding Techniques: Current and Future Perspectives. Front Nutr 2021; 8:721728. [PMID: 34692743 PMCID: PMC8528959 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.721728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereals and pulses are consumed as a staple food in low-income countries for the fulfillment of daily dietary requirements and as a source of micronutrients. However, they are failing to offer balanced nutrition due to deficiencies of some essential compounds, macronutrients, and micronutrients, i.e., cereals are deficient in iron, zinc, some essential amino acids, and quality proteins. Meanwhile, the pulses are rich in anti-nutrient compounds that restrict the bioavailability of micronutrients. As a result, the population is suffering from malnutrition and resultantly different diseases, i.e., anemia, beriberi, pellagra, night blindness, rickets, and scurvy are common in the society. These facts highlight the need for the biofortification of cereals and pulses for the provision of balanced diets to masses and reduction of malnutrition. Biofortification of crops may be achieved through conventional approaches or new breeding techniques (NBTs). Conventional approaches for biofortification cover mineral fertilization through foliar or soil application, microbe-mediated enhanced uptake of nutrients, and conventional crossing of plants to obtain the desired combination of genes for balanced nutrient uptake and bioavailability. Whereas, NBTs rely on gene silencing, gene editing, overexpression, and gene transfer from other species for the acquisition of balanced nutritional profiles in mutant plants. Thus, we have highlighted the significance of conventional and NBTs for the biofortification of cereals and pulses. Current and future perspectives and opportunities are also discussed. Further, the regulatory aspects of newly developed biofortified transgenic and/or non-transgenic crop varieties via NBTs are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahil Shahzad
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shakra Jamil
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Maize Research Station, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Amina Nisar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sipper Khan
- Tropics and Subtropics Group, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Zarmaha Amina
- Tropics and Subtropics Group, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Shamsa Kanwal
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Rafaqat Ali Gill
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hu W, Zhao C, Hu H, Yin S. Food Sources of Selenium and Its Relationship with Chronic Diseases. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051739. [PMID: 34065478 PMCID: PMC8160805 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for mammals, and its deficiency seriously threatens human health. A series of biofortification strategies have been developed to produce Se-enriched foods for combating Se deficiency. Although there have been some inconsistent results, extensive evidence has suggested that Se supplementation is beneficial for preventing and treating several chronic diseases. Understanding the association between Se and chronic diseases is essential for guiding clinical practice, developing effective public health policies, and ultimately counteracting health issues associated with Se deficiency. The current review will discuss the food sources of Se, biofortification strategies, metabolism and biological activities, clinical disorders and dietary reference intakes, as well as the relationship between Se and health outcomes, especially cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic inflammation, cancer, and fertility. Additionally, some concepts were proposed, there is a non-linear U-shaped dose-responsive relationship between Se status and health effects: subjects with a low baseline Se status can benefit from Se supplementation, while Se supplementation in populations with an adequate or high status may potentially increase the risk of some diseases. In addition, at supra-nutritional levels, methylated Se compounds exerted more promising cancer chemo-preventive efficacy in preclinical trials.
Collapse
|
19
|
Gaikwad KB, Rani S, Kumar M, Gupta V, Babu PH, Bainsla NK, Yadav R. Enhancing the Nutritional Quality of Major Food Crops Through Conventional and Genomics-Assisted Breeding. Front Nutr 2020; 7:533453. [PMID: 33324668 PMCID: PMC7725794 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.533453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional stress is making over two billion world population malnourished. Either our commercially cultivated varieties of cereals, pulses, and oilseed crops are deficient in essential nutrients or the soils in which these crops grow are becoming devoid of minerals. Unfortunately, our major food crops are poor sources of micronutrients required for normal human growth. To overcome the problem of nutritional deficiency, greater emphasis should be laid on the identification of genes/quantitative trait loci (QTLs) pertaining to essential nutrients and their successful deployment in elite breeding lines through marker-assisted breeding. The manuscript deals with information on identified QTLs for protein content, vitamins, macronutrients, micro-nutrients, minerals, oil content, and essential amino acids in major food crops. These QTLs can be utilized in the development of nutrient-rich crop varieties. Genome editing technologies that can rapidly modify genomes in a precise way and will directly enrich the nutritional status of elite varieties could hold a bright future to address the challenge of malnutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran B. Gaikwad
- Division of Genetics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sushma Rani
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Manjeet Kumar
- Division of Genetics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikas Gupta
- Division of Genetics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
| | - Prashanth H. Babu
- Division of Genetics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Bainsla
- Division of Genetics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajbir Yadav
- Division of Genetics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dai Z, Imtiaz M, Rizwan M, Yuan Y, Huang H, Tu S. Dynamics of Selenium uptake, speciation, and antioxidant response in rice at different panicle initiation stages. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 691:827-834. [PMID: 31326806 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential element in animals and humans, and its deficiency may cause conditions such as cardiac disease. The production of Se-enriched rice is one of the most important ways to supply Se in the human body, and thus, understanding of the mechanisms of Se-enriched rice is of great significance. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of Se addition on the growth, antioxidation, Se uptake and distribution, and Se speciation in three different stages of panicle initiation stage (i.e., pistil and stamen formation stage, pollen mother cell formation stage, pollen mother cell meiosis stage) and the maturity stage. The results showed that soil Se application significantly increased Se uptake in rice. Low rates of Se (<5 mg kg-1) application enhanced the plant growth and rice yield. Se speciation assays showed that SeCys and SeMet were the two main forms found in rice, of which SeMet accounted for 65.5%-100% in the ears and leaves, while SeCys accounted for 61.4%-75.6% in brown rice. SeMet was also the main Se-species found in different subcellular parts at the panicle initiation stage. However, inorganic Se was present in brown rice, mainly as Se(VI), when the soil Se addition exceeded 5 mg kg-1. Lower rates of Se (<5 mg kg-1) promoted the antioxidant capacity, while high levels of Se (≥5 mg kg-1) reduced the antioxidant capacity of rice. The results indicate that Se effects are dose dependent, and the suitable amount of soil Se application for Se-enriched rice production would be <5 mg kg-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Dai
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Muhammad Imtiaz
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yuan Yuan
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Hengliang Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Shuxin Tu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang H, Zhao Z, Zhang X, Zhang W, Huang L, Zhang Z, Yuan L, Liu X. Effects of foliar application of selenate and selenite at different growth stages on Selenium accumulation and speciation in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Food Chem 2019; 286:550-556. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
22
|
Rehman HM, Cooper JW, Lam HM, Yang SH. Legume biofortification is an underexploited strategy for combatting hidden hunger. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:52-70. [PMID: 29920691 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Legumes are the world's primary source of dietary protein and are particularly important for those in developing economies. However, the biofortification potential of legumes remains underexploited. Legumes offer a diversity of micronutrients and amino acids, exceeding or complementing the profiles of cereals. As such, the enhancement of legume nutritional composition presents an appealing target for addressing the "hidden hunger" of global micronutrient malnutrition. Affecting ~2 billion people, micronutrient malnutrition causes severe health effects ranging from stunted growth to reduced lifespan. An increased availability of micronutrient-enriched legumes, particularly to those in socio-economically deprived areas, would serve the dual functions of ameliorating hidden hunger and increasing the positive health effects associated with legumes. Here, we give an updated overview of breeding approaches for the nutritional improvement of legumes, and crucially, we highlight the importance of considering nutritional improvement in a wider ecological context. Specifically, we review the potential of the legume microbiome for agronomic trait improvement and highlight the need for increased genetic, biochemical, and environmental data resources. Finally, we state that such resources should be complemented by an international and multidisciplinary initiative that will drive crop improvement and, most importantly, ensure that research outcomes benefit those who need them most.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Mamoon Rehman
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam, Korea
- Center for Soybean Research of the Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - James William Cooper
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- Center for Soybean Research of the Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Seung Hwan Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Žitná M, Juríková T, Hegedűsová A, Golian M, Mlček J, Ryant P. The Effect of Selenium Application on Plant Health Indicators of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Varieties. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201866020399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
24
|
Khazaei H, Podder R, Caron CT, Kundu SS, Diapari M, Vandenberg A, Bett KE. Marker-Trait Association Analysis of Iron and Zinc Concentration in Lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.) Seeds. THE PLANT GENOME 2017; 10. [PMID: 28724070 DOI: 10.3835/plantgenome2017.02.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Lentil ( Medik.) seeds are relatively rich in iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), making lentil a potential crop to aid in the global battle against human micronutrient deficiency. Understanding the genetic basis for uptake of seed Fe and Zn is required to increase sustainable concentrations of these minerals in seeds. The objectives of this study were to characterize genetic variation in seed Fe and Zn concentration and to identify molecular markers associated with these traits across diverse lentil accessions. A set of 138 cultivated lentil accessions from 34 countries were evaluated in four environments (2 sites × 2 yr) in Saskatchewan, Canada. The collection was genotyped using 1150 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers that are distributed across the lentil genome. The germplasm tested exhibited a wide range of variation for seed Fe and Zn concentration. The marker-trait association analysis detected two SNP markers tightly linked to seed Fe and one linked to seed Zn concentration (-log10 ≥ 4.36). Additional markers were detected at -log10 ≥ 3.06. A number of putative candidate genes underlying detected loci encode Fe- and Zn-related functions. This study provides insight into the genetics of seed Fe and Zn concentration of lentil and opportunities for marker-assisted selection to improve micronutrient concentration as part of micronutrient biofortification programs.
Collapse
|
25
|
Arzani A, Ashraf M. Cultivated Ancient Wheats (Triticumspp.): A Potential Source of Health-Beneficial Food Products. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2017; 16:477-488. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Arzani
- Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture; Isfahan Univ. of Technology; Isfahan 84156-83111 Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|