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Zhao T, Liu D, Liu Y, Deng J, Yang H. Comparisons of procyanidins with different low polymerization degrees on prevention of lipid metabolism in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Food Res Int 2024; 188:114508. [PMID: 38823847 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Procyanidins, which are oligomerized flavan-3-ols with a polyphenolic structure, are bioactive substances that exhibit various biological effects. However, the relationship between the degree of polymerization (DP) of procyanidins and their bioactivities remains largely unknown. In this study, the preventive effects of procyanidins with different DP (EC, PB2 and PC1) on glucose improvement and liver lipid deposition were investigated using a high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetes mouse model. The results demonstrated that all the procyanidins with different DP effectively reduced fasting blood glucose and glucose/insulin tolerance, decreased the lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol content) in serum and liver tissue as well as the liver oil red staining, indicating the improvement of glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity and hepatic lipid deposition in diabetic mice. Furthermore, the procyanidins down-regulated expression of glucose regulated 78-kDa protein (GRP78) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), indicating a regulation role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The inhibition of ER stress by tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) treatment abolished the effects of procyanidins with different DP in PA-induced HepG2 cells, confirming that procyanidins alleviate liver hyperlipidemia through the modulation of ER stress. Molecular docking results showed that EC and PB2 could better bind GRP78 and CHOP. Collectively, our study reveals that the structure of procyanidins, particularly DP, is not directly correlated with the improvement of blood glucose and lipid deposition, while highlighting the important role of ER stress in the bioactivities of procyanidins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yichen Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianjun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haixia Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Mi W, Hu Z, Zhao S, Wang W, Lian W, Lu P, Shi T. Purple sweet potato anthocyanins normalize the blood glucose concentration and restore the gut microbiota in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31784. [PMID: 38845993 PMCID: PMC11153189 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated the effects of purple sweet potato anthocyanins (PSPA) in a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mouse model. Methods Sixty-five male mice were randomly divided into one control group and four experimental groups, which were fed with a high-fat diet and intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce T2DM. The model mice were treated with 0 (M), 227.5 (LP), 455 (MP), or 910 (HP) mg/kg PSPA for ten days. ELISA, 16S rRNA sequencing, and hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to assess blood biochemical parameters, gut microbial composition, and liver tissue structure, respectively. Results The FBG concentration was significantly decreased in the LP (6.32 ± 1.05 mmol/L), MP (6.32 ± 1.05 mmol/L), and HP (5.65 ± 0.83 mmol/L) groups; the glycosylated hemoglobin levels were significantly decreased in the HP group (14.43 ± 7.12 pg/mL) compared with that in the M group (8.08 ± 1.04 mmol/L; 27.20 ± 7.72 pg/mL; P < 0.05). The PSPA treated groups also increased blood glutathione levels compared with M. PSPA significantly affected gut microbial diversity. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio decreased by 38.9 %, 49.2 %, and 15.9 % in the LP, MP, and HP groups compared with that in the M group (0.62). The PSPAs treated groups showed an increased relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae_Clostridium, Butyricimonas, and Akkermansia and decreased abundance of nine bacterial genera, including Staphylococcus. Conclusion PSPA reduced blood glucose levels, increased serum antioxidant enzymes, and optimized the diversity and structure of the gut microbiota in mice with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shuying Zhao
- School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Wu Lian
- School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Peng Lu
- School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Tala Shi
- School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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Shoji T, Masumoto S, Miura T. Mechanism of procyanidins for health functionality by improving the intestinal environment. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:345-351. [PMID: 38059864 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Procyanidins are one of the polyphenols consisting of multiple flavan-3-ols (eg epicatechin). They have a complex chemical structure, with the degree of polymerization and linked position of flavan-3-ols varying among various foods, such as apples and chocolate. Physiological functional studies of procyanidins have investigated their mechanisms in cells and animals based on their antioxidant effects. Recently, the intestinal environment, including the intestinal microflora, has played an important role in the energy metabolism and health status of the host. Regulation of the intestinal environment by dietary polyphenols is becoming a new concept in health functions, and we have begun to investigate the mechanism of apple procyanidins, focusing on the gut microbiota and metabolites in our functional research. In this minireview, we will discuss the effects of procyanidin ingestion on the gut microbiota and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Shoji
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Saeko Masumoto
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, 1, Kanayagawa, Fukushima-shi, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tomisato Miura
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1, Hon-cho, Hirosaki-shi, Aomori, Japan
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Rutkowska M, Olszewska MA. Anti-Diabetic Potential of Polyphenol-Rich Fruits from the Maleae Tribe-A Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Animal and Human Trials. Nutrients 2023; 15:3756. [PMID: 37686786 PMCID: PMC10489674 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Maleae tribe consists of over one thousand species, including many well-known polyphenol-containing fruit crops with wide-ranging biological properties, e.g., apples (Malus), chokeberries (Aronia), pears (Pyrus), quinces (Cydonia, Chaenomeles), saskatoon (Amelanchier), loquats (Eriobotrya), medlars (Mespilus), rowans (Sorbus), and hawthorns (Crataegus). Considering the current interest in the concept of functional foods and the still-insufficient methods of diabetes management, the anti-diabetic potential of fruits has been studied intensively, including those of the Maleae tribe. This paper is the first comprehensive overview of this selected topic, covering articles published from 2000 to 2023 (131 articles in total). The first part of this review focuses on the potential mechanisms of action of fruits investigated so far (46 species), including their effects on tissue-specific glucose transport and the expression or activity of proteins in the insulin signalling pathway. The second part covers the phytocompounds responsible for particular fruits' activity-primarily polyphenols (e.g., flavonols, dihydrochalcones, proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, phenolic acids), but also polysaccharides, triterpenes, and their additive and synergistic effects. In summary, fruits from the Maleae tribe seem promising as functional foods and anti-diabetic agents; however, their prospects for more expansive pro-health application require further research, especially more profound in vivo trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rutkowska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego St., 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
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Golovinskaia O, Wang CK. The hypoglycemic potential of phenolics from functional foods and their mechanisms. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Huang J, Huang N, Mao Q, Shi J, Qiu Y. Natural bioactive compounds in Alzheimer's disease: From the perspective of type 3 diabetes mellitus. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1130253. [PMID: 37009462 PMCID: PMC10062602 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1130253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a close relationship between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and diabetes mellitus (DM), and the link between the two is often referred to as type 3 diabetes mellitus (T3DM). Many natural bioactive compounds have shown the potential to treat AD and diabetes. We mainly review the polyphenols represented by resveratrol (RES) and proanthocyanidins (PCs) and alkaloids represented by berberine (BBR) and Dendrobium nobile Lindl. alkaloids (DNLA) from the perspective of T3DM to review the neuroprotective effects and molecular mechanisms of natural compounds in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Lab of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Nanqu Huang
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Qianhua Mao
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Lab of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jingshan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Lab of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Jingshan Shi
| | - Yu Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Qiu
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Liu M, Huang B, Wang L, Lu Q, Liu R. Peanut skin procyanidins ameliorate insulin resistance via modulation of gut microbiota and gut barrier in type 2 diabetic mice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:5935-5947. [PMID: 35442513 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peanut skin procyanidins (PSP) have been shown to possess antidiabetic activities. However, the mechanism remains poorly understood due to its low bioavailability. This study aims to investigate the preventive effect of PSP on type 2 diabetes (T2D) in mice through regulating gut microbiota and gut barrier in mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2D. During the 30 consecutive days of the study, T2D mice were administered PSP intragastrically at 75, 150 and 300 mg kg-1 body weight d-1 . RESULTS PSP treatment obviously alleviated glucolipid metabolism disorders, decreased the levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin (IL)-6 and myeloperoxidase(MPO), and increased that of IL-10. PSP treatment enhanced the abundance of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Alloprevotella, Akkermansia and Faecalibaculum, and reduced that of Muribaculaceae. Some of these were associated with the production of short-chain fatty acids and anti-inflammatory effect, suggesting their important roles in T2D mice. More importantly, PSP improved the gut barrier integrality by restoring gut morphology and enhancing tight junction protein expression including ZO1, claudin1 and occludin in colon. Subsequently, PSP ameliorated insulin resistance by decreasing the LPS/Toll-like receptor 4/c-Jun N-terminal kinase inflammatory response, and enhancing insulin receptor substrate 1/ phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B insulin signaling pathways in the liver. CONCLUSION Peanut skin procyanidins may alleviate the symptoms of T2D by mitigating inflammatory response, modulating gut microbiota and improving intestinal integrity. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Engineering Research Center of Bee Products on Quality and Safety Control, Wuhan, China
| | - Bijun Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Engineering Research Center of Bee Products on Quality and Safety Control, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Engineering Research Center of Bee Products on Quality and Safety Control, Wuhan, China
| | - Qun Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Engineering Research Center of Bee Products on Quality and Safety Control, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Engineering Research Center of Bee Products on Quality and Safety Control, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
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8
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Wang M, Mao H, Chen J, Qi L, Wang J. Ameliorative effect of bayberry leaves proanthocyanidins on high sugar diet induced Drosophila melanogaster. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1008580. [PMID: 36188544 PMCID: PMC9521571 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1008580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bayberry leaves proanthocyanidins (BLPs) were distributed in natural plant food, considered to have the potential for metabolic syndrome. In this study, we raised Drosophila melanogaster on high sugar diet (HSD) from the egg stage to induce hyperglycemia, and the ameliorative effect of BLPs was assessed based on this model. Phenotypical, biochemical, and molecular analyses related to diabetes mellitus pathogenesis were measured. Flies exposed to BLPs were found to suppress the HSD-induced high glucose and high triglycerides levels. Moreover, BLPs showed an inhibitory effect on carbohydrate digestive enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) activity and mRNA expression, exhibiting the potential for carbohydrate digestion retardation. Transcriptional levels of key genes associated with glycolipid metabolism were further evaluated, including dilp, InR, and downstream dAKT-dFOXO-PEPCK, together with E78, SREBP, FAS, and LSD genes, were all downregulated after BLPs-exposure, suggesting the ameliorative effect of BLPs on dysbiosis associated with the insulin signaling pathway. This study provided a new functional compound, which is beneficial to further antidiabetic therapy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Wang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo, China
| | - Haiguang Mao
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianchu Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lili Qi
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Lili Qi, ; Jinbo Wang,
| | - Jinbo Wang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Lili Qi, ; Jinbo Wang,
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Zeng Z, Zhou Y, Xu Y, Wang S, Wang B, Zeng Z, Wang Q, Ye X, Jin L, Yue M, Tang L, Zou P, Zhao P, Li W. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC06 alleviates the obesity of ob/ob mice and improves their intestinal microbiota and bile acid metabolism. Food Funct 2022; 13:5381-5395. [PMID: 35470823 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03170h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dietary interventions with probiotics have been widely reported to be effective in regulating obesity, and the intestinal microbiota is considered to be an important environmental factor. However, few reports focus on the interactions of microbiota-metabolites-phenotypic variables in ob/ob mice, and they have not been characterized in great detail. In this study, we investigated the effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC06 on obesity, the intestinal microbiota and the bile acid metabolism of ob/ob mice using biochemical testing, histochemical staining, high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, LC-MS/MS analysis and qRT-PCR. The results showed that SC06 ameliorated the fat mass percentage, hepatic steatosis and liver lipid metabolism disorders and reshaped the gut microbiota and metabolites in male ob/ob mice, specifically deceasing f_S24-7, p_TM7, s_Alistipes massiliensis, f_Rikenellaceae, f_Prevotellaceae, f_Lactobacillaceae, g_Alistipes, g_Flexispira, g_Lactobacillus, g_Odoribacter, g_AF12 and g_Prevotella and increasing f_Bacteroidaceae, g_Bacteroides and f_Desulfovibrionaceae. Meanwhile, SC06 treatment groups had lower ibuprofen and higher glycodeoxycholic acid and 7-dehydrocholesterol. Correlation analysis further clarified the relationships between compositional changes in the microbiota and alterations in the metabolites and phenotypes of ob/ob mice. Moreover, SC06 downregulated bile acid synthesis, export and re-absorption in the liver and increased ileum re-absorption into the blood in ob/ob mice, which may be mediated by the FXR-SHP/FGF15 signaling pathway. These results suggest that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC06 can ameliorate obesity in male ob/ob mice by reshaping the intestinal microbial composition, changing metabolites and regulating bile acid metabolism via the FXR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Yuanhao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Yibin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Song Wang
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Baikui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Zihan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Xiaolin Ye
- University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lu Jin
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Cardiology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Min Yue
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Li Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Peng Zou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Pengwei Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Cardiology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Weifen Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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Oyenihi AB, Belay ZA, Mditshwa A, Caleb OJ. "An apple a day keeps the doctor away": The potentials of apple bioactive constituents for chronic disease prevention. J Food Sci 2022; 87:2291-2309. [PMID: 35502671 PMCID: PMC9321083 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Apples are rich sources of selected micronutrients (e.g., iron, zinc, vitamins C and E) and polyphenols (e.g., procyanidins, phloridzin, 5′‐caffeoylquinic acid) that can help in mitigating micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs) and chronic diseases. This review provides an up‐to‐date overview of the significant bioactive compounds in apples together with their reported pharmacological actions against chronic diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. For consumers to fully gain these health benefits, it is important to ensure an all‐year‐round supply of highly nutritious and good‐quality apples. Therefore, after harvest, the physicochemical and nutritional quality attributes of apples are maintained by applying various postharvest treatments and hurdle techniques. The impact of these postharvest practices on the safety of apples during storage is also highlighted. This review emphasizes that advancements in postharvest management strategies that extend the storage life of apples should be optimized to better preserve the bioactive components crucial to daily dietary needs and this can help improve the overall health of consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji B Oyenihi
- Functional Foods Research Unit, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Zinash A Belay
- Agri-Food Systems & Omics Laboratory, Post-Harvest and Agro-Processing Technologies (PHATs), Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Asanda Mditshwa
- School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal (PMB-Campus), Scottsville, South Africa
| | - Oluwafemi J Caleb
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.,SARChI Postharvest Technology Laboratory, African Institute for Postharvest Technology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
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11
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Shahwan M, Alhumaydhi F, Ashraf GM, Hasan PMZ, Shamsi A. Role of polyphenols in combating Type 2 Diabetes and insulin resistance. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 206:567-579. [PMID: 35247420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Compromised carbohydrate metabolism leading to hyperglycemia is the primary metabolic disorder of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Reformed digestion and altered absorption of carbohydrates, exhaustion of glycogen stock, enhanced gluconeogenesis and overproduced hepatic glucose, dysfunction of β-cell, resistance to insulin in peripheral tissue, and impaired insulin signaling pathways are essential reasons for hyperglycemia. Although oral anti-diabetic drugs like α-glucosidase inhibitors, sulfonylureas and insulin therapies are commonly used to manage Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and hyperglycemia, natural compounds in diet also play a significant role in combating the effect of diabetes. Due to their vast bioavailability and anti-hyperglycemic effect with least or no side effects, polyphenolic compounds have gained wide popularity. Polyphenols such as flavonoids and tannins play a significant role in carbohydrate metabolism by inhibiting key enzymes responsible for the digestion of carbohydrates to glucose like α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Several polyphenols such as resveratrol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and quercetin enhanced glucose uptake in the muscle and adipocytes by translocating GLUT4 to plasma membrane mainly by the activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. This review provides an insight into the protective role of polyphenols in T2D, highlighting the aspects of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyad Shahwan
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fahad Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prince M Z Hasan
- Centre of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, United Arab Emirates; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
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12
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Han X, Zhao W, Zhou Q, Chen H, Yuan J, Zhang XF, Zhang Z. Procyanidins from Hawthorn ( Crataegus Pinnatifida) Alleviates Lipid Metabolism Disorder via Inhibiting Insulin Resistance and Oxidative Stress, Normalizing Gut Microbiota Structure and Intestinal Barrier, Further Suppressing Hepatic Inflammation and Lipid Accumulation. Food Funct 2022; 13:7901-7917. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00836j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, lipid metabolism disorder (LMD) has been regarded as a risky factor leading to multiple diseases and affecting human health. Procyanidins have been reported to be the potential therapy for...
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13
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Dirir AM, Daou M, Yousef AF, Yousef LF. A review of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from plants as potential candidates for the treatment of type-2 diabetes. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2022; 21:1049-1079. [PMID: 34421444 PMCID: PMC8364835 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-021-09773-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial global health disorder that is rising at an alarming rate. Cardiovascular diseases, kidney damage and neuropathy are the main cause of high mortality rates among individuals with diabetes. One effective therapeutic approach for controlling hyperglycemia associated with type-2 diabetes is to target alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase, enzymes that catalyzes starch hydrolysis in the intestine. At present, approved inhibitors for these enzymes are restricted to acarbose, miglitol and voglibose. Although these inhibitors retard glucose absorption, undesirable gastrointestinal side effects impede their application. Therefore, research efforts continue to seek novel inhibitors with improved efficacy and minimal side effects. Natural products of plant origin have been a valuable source of therapeutic agents with lesser toxicity and side effects. The anti-diabetic potential through alpha-glucosidase inhibition of plant-derived molecules are summarized in this review. Eight molecules (Taxumariene F, Akebonoic acid, Morusin, Rhaponticin, Procyanidin A2, Alaternin, Mulberrofuran K and Psoralidin) were selected as promising drug candidates and their pharmacokinetic properties and toxicity were discussed where available. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11101-021-09773-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina M. Dirir
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Marianne Daou
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ahmed F. Yousef
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Center for Membranes and Advances Water Technology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Lina F. Yousef
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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Monfoulet LE, Ruskovska T, Ajdžanović V, Havlik J, Vauzour D, Bayram B, Krga I, Corral-Jara KF, Kistanova E, Abadjieva D, Massaro M, Scoditti E, Deligiannidou E, Kontogiorgis C, Arola-Arnal A, van Schothorst EM, Morand C, Milenkovic D. Molecular Determinants of the Cardiometabolic Improvements of Dietary Flavanols Identified by an Integrative Analysis of Nutrigenomic Data from a Systematic Review of Animal Studies. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100227. [PMID: 34048642 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Flavanols are important polyphenols of the human diet with extensive demonstrations of their beneficial effects on cardiometabolic health. They contribute to preserve health acting on a large range of cellular processes. The underlying mechanisms of action of flavanols are not fully understood but involve a nutrigenomic regulation. METHODS AND RESULTS To further capture how the intake of dietary flavanols results in the modulation of gene expression, nutrigenomics data in response to dietary flavanols obtained from animal models of cardiometabolic diseases have been collected and submitted to a bioinformatics analysis. This systematic analysis shows that dietary flavanols modulate a large range of genes mainly involved in endocrine function, fatty acid metabolism, and inflammation. Several regulators of the gene expression have been predicted and include transcription factors, miRNAs and epigenetic factors. CONCLUSION This review highlights the complex and multilevel action of dietary flavanols contributing to their strong potential to preserve cardiometabolic health. The identification of the potential molecular mediators and of the flavanol metabolites driving the nutrigenomic response in the target organs is still a pending question which the answer will contribute to optimize the beneficial health effects of dietary bioactives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatjana Ruskovska
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, Stip, North Macedonia
| | - Vladimir Ajdžanović
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković,", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd., Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jaroslav Havlik
- Department of Food Science, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - David Vauzour
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Banu Bayram
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Irena Krga
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, France.,Centre of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Elena Kistanova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Desislava Abadjieva
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Marika Massaro
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology, Lecce, Italy
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology, Lecce, Italy
| | - Eirini Deligiannidou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece
| | - Christos Kontogiorgis
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece
| | - Anna Arola-Arnal
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | | | - Christine Morand
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, France
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, France.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, USA
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15
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Yang S, Zhang Y, Li W, You B, Yu J, Huang X, Yang R. Gut Microbiota Composition Affects Procyanidin A2-Attenuated Atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- Mice by Modulating the Bioavailability of Its Microbial Metabolites. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6989-6999. [PMID: 34142543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Procyanidin A2 (PCA2) has been shown to improve lipid metabolism. However, it remains to know whether it can play a role in preventing atherosclerosis (AS) through gut microbiota. This study examined the effect of PCA2 on high fat diet (HFD)-induced AS in ApoE-/- mice with an intact and antibiotic-depleted microbiota. PCA2 administration for 12 weeks attenuated HFD-induced AS in ApoE-/- mice, evidenced by obviously alleviating the histological abnormalities of the aorta, lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation, which were accompanied by downregulating the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and upregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1. Moreover, PCA2 treatment reshaped the gut microbiota imbalance caused by HFD, especially reducing the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and increasing the abundance of Verrucomicrobia. However, antibiotic intervention almost offset the alleviation of AS by PCA2 and prevented the biotransformation of PCA2 by gut microbiota, thus resulting in a 2327.21-6.27-fold decrease in its microbial metabolites of plasma. There was a marked correlation among the microbiota composition, the bioavailability of PCA2-derived microbial metabolites, and AS indicators. The findings indicate that the gut microbiota robustly influences the bioavailability of microbial metabolites that may partially drive the AS resilience property of PCA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wu Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Bangyan You
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiawen Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoxia Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ruili Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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16
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Rodríguez-Daza MC, Pulido-Mateos EC, Lupien-Meilleur J, Guyonnet D, Desjardins Y, Roy D. Polyphenol-Mediated Gut Microbiota Modulation: Toward Prebiotics and Further. Front Nutr 2021; 8:689456. [PMID: 34268328 PMCID: PMC8276758 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.689456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome of gut microbes encodes a collection of enzymes whose metabolic functions contribute to the bioavailability and bioactivity of unabsorbed (poly)phenols. Datasets from high throughput sequencing, metabolome measurements, and other omics have expanded the understanding of the different modes of actions by which (poly)phenols modulate the microbiome conferring health benefits to the host. Progress have been made to identify direct prebiotic effects of (poly)phenols; albeit up to date, these compounds are not recognized as prebiotics sensu stricto. Interestingly, certain probiotics strains have an enzymatic repertoire, such as tannase, α-L-rhamnosidase, and phenolic acid reductase, involved in the transformation of different (poly)phenols into bioactive phenolic metabolites. In vivo studies have demonstrated that these (poly)phenol-transforming bacteria thrive when provided with phenolic substrates. However, other taxonomically distinct gut symbionts of which a phenolic-metabolizing activity has not been demonstrated are still significantly promoted by (poly)phenols. This is the case of Akkermansia muciniphila, a so-called antiobesity bacterium, which responds positively to (poly)phenols and may be partially responsible for the health benefits formerly attributed to these molecules. We surmise that (poly)phenols broad antimicrobial action free ecological niches occupied by competing bacteria, thereby allowing the bloom of beneficial gut bacteria. This review explores the capacity of (poly)phenols to promote beneficial gut bacteria through their direct and collaborative bacterial utilization and their inhibitory action on potential pathogenic species. We propose the term duplibiotic, to describe an unabsorbed substrate modulating the gut microbiota by both antimicrobial and prebiotic modes of action. (Poly)phenol duplibiotic effect could participate in blunting metabolic disturbance and gut dysbiosis, positioning these compounds as dietary strategies with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carolina Rodríguez-Daza
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Elena C Pulido-Mateos
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Joseph Lupien-Meilleur
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Guyonnet
- Diana Nova, Symrise Nutrition, Clichy-la-Garenne, France
| | - Yves Desjardins
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Roy
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
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17
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Therapeutic Potential of Polyphenols in the Management of Diabetic Neuropathy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9940169. [PMID: 34093722 PMCID: PMC8137294 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9940169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a common and serious diabetes-associated complication that primarily takes place because of neuronal dysfunction in patients with diabetes. Use of current therapeutic agents in DN treatment is quite challenging because of their severe adverse effects. Therefore, there is an increased need of identifying new safe and effective therapeutic agents. DN complications are associated with poor glycemic control and metabolic imbalances, primarily oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation. Various mediators and signaling pathways such as glutamate pathway, activation of channels, trophic factors, inflammation, OS, advanced glycation end products, and polyol pathway have a significant contribution to the progression and pathogenesis of DN. It has been indicated that polyphenols have the potential to affect DN pathogenesis and could be used as potential alternative therapy. Several polyphenols including kolaviron, resveratrol, naringenin, quercetin, kaempferol, and curcumin have been administered in patients with DN. Furthermore, chlorogenic acid can provide protection against glutamate neurotoxicity via its hydrolysate, caffeoyl acid group, and caffeic acid through regulating the entry of calcium into neurons. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate treatment can protect motor neurons by regulating the glutamate level. It has been demonstrated that these polyphenols can be promising in combating DN-associated damaging pathways. In this article, we have summarized DN-associated metabolic pathways and clinical manifestations. Finally, we have also focused on the roles of polyphenols in the treatment of DN.
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18
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Mohammed MA, Attia HN, El-Gengaihi SE, Maklad YA, Ahmed KA, Kachlicki P. Comprehensive metabolomic, lipidomic and pathological profiles of baobab (Adansonia digitata) fruit pulp extracts in diabetic rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 201:114139. [PMID: 34000580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Baobab fruit pulp Adansonia digitata (AD) has received attention due to its numerous nutritional and medicinal values. In the current study, tentative identification was performed due to limited information available on its phytochemical composition. Phytochemicals from AD fruit pulp were obtained using successive organic solvent fractionation. The LC-MSMS analysis led to identification of 91 metabolites from methanol, butanol and ethyl acetate extracts. Moreover, 20 compounds were identified in the petroleum ether extract based on high resolution ion masses. In vitro antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of selected extracts were investigated using enzyme activity and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, respectively. Biological screening of the antidiabetic effects of target extracts was performed against streptozotocin-induced diabetes in experimental animals, following daily oral treatment for 3 successive weeks. Serum glucose, insulin, adiponectin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), lipid peroxide, cholesterol and HDL levels were measured. Finally, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations of pancreas were carried out. Results revealed that animal groups treated daily with butanol (BuOH) and petroleum ether extracts of AD (oil) exhibited a significant improvement in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism as well as antioxidant effect. Both extracts revealed superior effects with respect to the total (TT) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extracts. Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings supported these results, showing marked protection of the pancreas. Thus, baobab oil and butanolic extract of the fruit pulp protected animals against STZ-induced diabetic changes, in addition to attenuation of lipid peroxidation, hypercholesterolemia and oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A Mohammed
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, Pharmaceutical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Hanan Naeim Attia
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department (Pharmacology Group), Pharmaceutical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Souad E El-Gengaihi
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, Pharmaceutical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yousreya A Maklad
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department (Pharmacology Group), Pharmaceutical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Piotr Kachlicki
- Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences (Metabolomics Group), Poznan, Poland
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19
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Feng S, Yi J, Li X, Wu X, Zhao Y, Ma Y, Bi J. Systematic Review of Phenolic Compounds in Apple Fruits: Compositions, Distribution, Absorption, Metabolism, and Processing Stability. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:7-27. [PMID: 33397106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As the most widely consumed fruit in the world, apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruits provide a high level of phenolics and have many beneficial effects on human health. The composition and content of phenolic compounds in natural apples differs according to the tissue types and cultivar varieties. The bioavailability of apple-derived phenolics, depending on the absorption and metabolism of phenolics during digestion, is the key determinant of their positive biological effects. Meanwhile, various processing technologies affect the composition and content of phenolic compounds in apple products, further affecting the bioavailability of apple phenolics. This review summarizes current understanding on the compositions, distribution, absorption, and metabolism of phenolic compounds in apple and their stability when subjected to common technologies during processing. We intend to provide an updated overview on apple phenolics and also suggest some perspectives for future research of apple phenolics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Feng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianyong Yi
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinye Wu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Youchuan Ma
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinfeng Bi
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
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20
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Sun M, Zhu T, Tong J, Caidan R, Wang K, Kai G, Zhang W, Ru L, Pengcuo J, Tong L. Screening active components from Rubus amabilis for pancreatic β-cells protection. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:674-685. [PMID: 32659127 PMCID: PMC7470145 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1787467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Rubus species (Rosaceae) have been used in folk medicine to treat diabetes due to their hypoglycaemic activity. OBJECTIVE To screen the active components that act as hypoglycaemic agents in Rubus amabilis Focke and the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aqueous stem extract of R. amabilis was incubated with MIN6 β-cells, PBS was used as the blank control. Then the cells were washed, cell membrane-bound components were dissociated and identified by UPLC/MS. Total procyanidins (PCs) in R. amabilis was enriched and the cytotoxicity and anti-proliferation on β-cell were evaluated by MTT assay. PCs at 25, 50, and 75 μg/mL was applied for 24 h to determine its effects on palmitate (PA)-induced apoptosis and GSIS. Western blotting was employed to detect the protein expression of PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signalling. The antioxidant indices were also measured. RESULTS β-Cell membrane-bound components were identified as three procyanidin B dimers and a C trimer. PCs showed no significant cytotoxicity up to a concentrations of 100 μg/mL. PCs treatment reversed the elevated apoptosis rate and impaired GSIS induced by PA. PCs markedly decreased the intracellular ROS and MDA production and increased the SOD activity. Moreover, PCs promoted the phosphorylation of Akt and FoxO1, and regulated Pdx-1 and Bax expression in MIN6 cells. Discussion and conclusion: The active components that act as hypoglycaemic agents in R. amabilis are procyanidins, which protected MIN6 cells against PA-induced apoptosis by activating PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signalling. These results indicate that β-cell extraction, combined with UPLC/MS, is a valid method for screening antidiabetic components from herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Material Medica, School of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Zhu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Material Medica, School of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Jinzhi Tong
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Material Medica, School of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Rezeng Caidan
- College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, P. R. China
| | - Kaijin Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Material Medica, School of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Guiqing Kai
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Material Medica, School of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Wenna Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Material Medica, School of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Lei Ru
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Material Medica, School of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Jiumei Pengcuo
- Qinghai Jiumei Tibetan Medicine Co., Ltd., Xining, P. R. China
| | - Li Tong
- Traditional Chinese and Tibetan Medicine Research Centre, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, P. R. China
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21
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Co-ingested vinegar-soaked or preloaded dried apple mitigated acute postprandial glycemia of rice meal in healthy subjects under equicarbohydrate conditions. Nutr Res 2020; 83:108-118. [PMID: 33075621 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated 2 possible approaches to dietary control of acute postprandial responses to a rice-based meal under equicarbohydrate conditions: (1) a dried apple (DA) preload and (2) co-ingestion of vinegar-soaked DA. We hypothesized that both approaches would counteract hyperglycemia with no negative effect on satiety, possibly explained by an inhibitory effect on digestive enzyme activity and/or the effect of the sugar component of the DA. Fifteen healthy female subjects consumed (1) rice, (2) co-ingestion of DA and rice (DA + R), (3) DA preload and rice (PDA + R), (4) rice with sugar solution (same sugar profile as in DA) preloaded (PSS + R), or (5) co-ingestion of rice with vinegar-soaked DA (VDA + R) in a randomized crossover trial. Acute postprandial glycemic response tests and subjective satiety tests were conducted for each test meal. Compared with rice reference, the PA + R and PSS + R achieved 31.4% and 36.3% reduction of the incremental area under the curve0-120, 24.3% and 27.0% decreases in the average glucose peak, along with 21.6% and 27.0% decreases in glycemic excursion in 240 minutes, whereas the VDA + R resulted 42.4%, 27.0%, and 29.7% reductions in the incremental area under the curve0-120, peak, and glycemic excursion, respectively. The DA-containing meals had no effect or a favorable effect on satiety. The in vitro assay found larger resistant starch and smaller rapid digestible starch fractions in DA + R and VDA + R meals compared to those of the rice reference (P < .001). The result of this study supported the research hypothesis, and the DA-containing meals could be considered as a potential dietary approach for glycemic management.
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22
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Sun C, Liu Y, Zhan L, Rayat GR, Xiao J, Jiang H, Li X, Chen K. Anti-diabetic effects of natural antioxidants from fruits. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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23
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Xiong R, Wang XL, Wu JM, Tang Y, Qiu WQ, Shen X, Teng JF, Pan R, Zhao Y, Yu L, Liu J, Chen HX, Qin DL, Yu CL, Wu AG. Polyphenols isolated from lychee seed inhibit Alzheimer's disease-associated Tau through improving insulin resistance via the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 251:112548. [PMID: 31917277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lychee seed, the seed of Litchi chinensis Sonn. is one of the commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). It possesses many pharmacological effects such as blood glucose and lipid-lowering effects, liver protection, and antioxidation. Our preliminary studies have proven that an active fraction derived from lychee seed (LSF) can significantly decrease the blood glucose level, inhibit amyloid-β (Aβ) fibril formation and Tau hyperphosphorylation, and improve the cognitive function and behavior of Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to identify the main active components in LSF that can inhibit the hyperphosphorylation of Tau through improving insulin resistance (IR) in dexamethasone (DXM)-induced HepG2 and HT22 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The isolation was guided by the bioactivity evaluation of the improvement effect of IR in HepG2 and HT22 cells. The mRNA and protein expressions of IRS-1, PI3K, Akt, GSK-3β, and Tau were measured by RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence methods, respectively. RESULTS After extraction, isolation, and elucidation using chromatography and spectrum technologies, three polyphenols including catechin, procyanidin A1 and procyanidin A2 were identified from fractions 3, 5, and 9 derived from LSF. These polyphenols inhibit hyperphosphorylated Tau via the up-regulation of IRS-1/PI3K/Akt and down-regulation of GSK-3β. Molecular docking result further demonstrate that these polyphenols exhibit good binding property with insulin receptor. CONCLUSIONS catechin, procyanidin A1, and procyanidin A2 are the main components in LSF that inhibit Tau hyperphosphorylation through improving IR via the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway. Therefore, the findings in the current study provide novel insight into the anti-AD mechanism of the components in LSF derived from lychee seed, which is valuable for the further development of a novel drug or nutrient supplement for the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xiong
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Bioactivity Screening in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Druggability Evalution, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiu-Ling Wang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Bioactivity Screening in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Druggability Evalution, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Department of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jian-Ming Wu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Bioactivity Screening in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Druggability Evalution, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Research, The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yong Tang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Bioactivity Screening in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Druggability Evalution, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Wen-Qiao Qiu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Bioactivity Screening in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Druggability Evalution, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xin Shen
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Bioactivity Screening in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Druggability Evalution, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Department of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jin-Feng Teng
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Bioactivity Screening in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Druggability Evalution, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Rong Pan
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Bioactivity Screening in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Druggability Evalution, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Department of Human Anatomy, School of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ya Zhao
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Bioactivity Screening in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Druggability Evalution, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lu Yu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Bioactivity Screening in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Druggability Evalution, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jian Liu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Bioactivity Screening in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Druggability Evalution, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hai-Xia Chen
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Bioactivity Screening in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Druggability Evalution, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Da-Lian Qin
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Bioactivity Screening in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Druggability Evalution, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Research, The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Chong-Lin Yu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - An-Guo Wu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Bioactivity Screening in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Druggability Evalution, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Research, The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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24
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Sun C, Zhao C, Guven EC, Paoli P, Simal‐Gandara J, Ramkumar KM, Wang S, Buleu F, Pah A, Turi V, Damian G, Dragan S, Tomas M, Khan W, Wang M, Delmas D, Portillo MP, Dar P, Chen L, Xiao J. Dietary polyphenols as antidiabetic agents: Advances and opportunities. FOOD FRONTIERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chongde Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Food Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macau China
| | - Esra Capanoglu Guven
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering İstanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Paolo Paoli
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental, and Clinical Sciences University of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Jesus Simal‐Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science Faculty of Food Science and Technology University of Vigo ‐ Ourense Campus Ourense Spain
| | - Kunka Mohanram Ramkumar
- Life Science Division SRM Research Institute SRM University Kattankulathur India
- Department of Biotechnology School of Bio‐engineering SRM University Kattankulathur India
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macau China
| | - Florina Buleu
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research & Department of Cardiology University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes Timisoara Romania
| | - Ana Pah
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research & Department of Cardiology University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes Timisoara Romania
| | - Vladiana Turi
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research & Department of Cardiology University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes Timisoara Romania
| | - Georgiana Damian
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research & Department of Cardiology University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes Timisoara Romania
| | - Simona Dragan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research & Department of Cardiology University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes Timisoara Romania
| | - Merve Tomas
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Food Engineering Department Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Washim Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research School of Pharmacy The University of Mississippi, University Mississippi
| | - Mingfu Wang
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong
| | - Dominique Delmas
- INSERM U866 Research Center Université de Bourgogne Franche‐Comté Dijon France
- INSERM Research Center U1231 – Cancer and Adaptive Immune Response Team Bioactive Molecules and Health Research Group Dijon France
- Centre Anticancéreux Georges François Leclerc Center Dijon France
| | - Maria Puy Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group Department of Nutrition and Food Science Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute University of País Vasco (UPV/EHU) Vitoria‐Gasteiz Spain
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII) Vitoria‐Gasteiz Spain
| | - Parsa Dar
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macau China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Food Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macau China
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25
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Rodríguez-Daza MC, Daoust L, Boutkrabt L, Pilon G, Varin T, Dudonné S, Levy É, Marette A, Roy D, Desjardins Y. Wild blueberry proanthocyanidins shape distinct gut microbiota profile and influence glucose homeostasis and intestinal phenotypes in high-fat high-sucrose fed mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2217. [PMID: 32041991 PMCID: PMC7010699 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58863-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Blueberries are a rich source of polyphenols, widely studied for the prevention or attenuation of metabolic diseases. However, the health contribution and mechanisms of action of polyphenols depend on their type and structure. Here, we evaluated the effects of a wild blueberry polyphenolic extract (WBE) (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton) on cardiometabolic parameters, gut microbiota composition and gut epithelium histology of high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS) diet-induced obese mice and determined which constitutive polyphenolic fractions (BPF) was responsible for the observed effects. To do so, the whole extract was separated in three fractions, F1) Anthocyanins and phenolic acids, F2) oligomeric proanthocyanidins (PACs), phenolic acids and flavonols (PACs degree of polymerization DP < 4), and F3) PACs polymers (PACs DP > 4) and supplied at their respective concentration in the whole extract. After 8 weeks, WBE reduced OGTT AUC by 18.3% compared to the HFHS treated rodents and the F3 fraction contributed the most to this effect. The anthocyanin rich F1 fraction did not reproduce this response. WBE and the BPF restored the colonic mucus layer. Particularly, the polymeric PACs-rich F3 fraction increased the mucin-secreting goblet cells number. WBE caused a significant 2-fold higher proportion of Adlercreutzia equolifaciens whereas oligomeric PACs-rich F2 fraction increased by 2.5-fold the proportion of Akkermansia muciniphila. This study reveals the key role of WBE PACs in modulating the gut microbiota and restoring colonic epithelial mucus layer, providing a suitable ecological niche for mucosa-associated symbiotic bacteria, which may be crucial in triggering health effects of blueberry polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Carolina Rodríguez-Daza
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,Food Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Laurence Daoust
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,Food Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Lemia Boutkrabt
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Geneviève Pilon
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Thibault Varin
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Dudonné
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Émile Levy
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Roy
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,Food Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Desjardins
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada. .,Food Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.
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26
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Ajebli M, Eddouks M. The Promising Role of Plant Tannins as Bioactive Antidiabetic Agents. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:4852-4884. [PMID: 29874989 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180605124256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant tannins are polyphenolic substances with various molecular weights and a variable complexity. Due to the beneficial effects for controlling chronic disorders particularly diabetes mellitus, this class of secondary metabolites has gained more interest in the recent years. OBJECTIVE We aimed through this review to collect, analyze and discuss all available information related to the antidiabetic effect of isolated tannins (including both condensed and hydrolysable varieties) and tannin-rich plants as well as the possible mechanisms of action involved in this antidiabetic activity. METHODS AND RESULTS Our bibliographic research was conducted to gather more than 41 medicinal plants containing tannins and 19 isolated tannins and tannin-rich crud extracts which were revealed to possess glucose lowering effect according to pharmacological studies. CONCLUSION Hence, according to findings of the present review, tannins could be useful for prevention and management of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications and these natural products could be promising compounds for the discovery of new hypoglycemic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ajebli
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, BP 509, Boutalamine, Errachidia, 52000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Eddouks
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, BP 509, Boutalamine, Errachidia, 52000, Morocco
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27
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Straub LG, Efthymiou V, Grandl G, Balaz M, Challa TD, Truscello L, Horvath C, Moser C, Rachamin Y, Arnold M, Sun W, Modica S, Wolfrum C. Antioxidants protect against diabetes by improving glucose homeostasis in mouse models of inducible insulin resistance and obesity. Diabetologia 2019; 62:2094-2105. [PMID: 31309261 PMCID: PMC6805816 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4937-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS In the context of diabetes, the health benefit of antioxidant treatment has been widely debated. In this study, we investigated the effect of antioxidant treatment during the development of insulin resistance and hyperphagia in obesity and partial lipodystrophy. METHODS We studied the role of antioxidants in the regulation of insulin resistance using the tamoxifen-inducible fat-specific insulin receptor knockout (iFIRKO) mouse model, which allowed us to analyse the antioxidant's effect in a time-resolved manner. In addition, leptin-deficient ob/ob mice were used as a hyperphagic, chronically obese and diabetic mouse model to validate the beneficial effect of antioxidants on metabolism. RESULTS Acute induction of insulin receptor knockout in adipocytes changed the substrate preference to fat before induction of a diabetic phenotype including hyperinsulinaemia and hyperglycaemia. In healthy chow-fed animals as well as in morbidly obese mice, this diabetic phase could be reversed within a few weeks. Furthermore, after the induction of insulin receptor knockout in mature adipocytes, iFIRKO mice were protected from subsequent obesity development through high-fat diet feeding. By genetic tracing we show that the persistent fat mass loss in mice after insulin receptor knockout in adipocytes is not caused by the depletion of adipocytes. Treatment of iFIRKO mice with antioxidants postponed and reduced hyperglycaemia by increasing insulin sensitivity. In ob/ob mice, antioxidants rescued both hyperglycaemia and hyperphagia. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We conclude that fat mass reduction through insulin resistance in adipocytes is not reversible. Furthermore, it seems unlikely that adipocytes undergo apoptosis during the process of extreme lipolysis, as a consequence of insulin resistance. Antioxidants have a beneficial health effect not only during the acute phase of diabetes development, but also in a temporary fashion once chronic obesity and diabetes have been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon G Straub
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, CH-8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Vissarion Efthymiou
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, CH-8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Gerald Grandl
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, CH-8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Miroslav Balaz
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, CH-8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Tenagne Delessa Challa
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, CH-8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Luca Truscello
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, CH-8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Carla Horvath
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, CH-8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Moser
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, CH-8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Yael Rachamin
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, CH-8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Myrtha Arnold
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, CH-8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Wenfei Sun
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, CH-8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Salvatore Modica
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, CH-8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, CH-8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
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28
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A Review of the Science of Colorful, Plant-Based Food and Practical Strategies for "Eating the Rainbow". J Nutr Metab 2019; 2019:2125070. [PMID: 33414957 PMCID: PMC7770496 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2125070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, thousands of published studies have amassed supporting recommendations to consume fruits and vegetables for physiological and psychological health. Newer research has emerged to suggest that these plant-based foods contain a plethora of not only vitamins and minerals, but perhaps, most importantly, phytonutrients. These phytonutrients have known pleiotropic effects on cellular structure and function, ultimately resulting in the modulation of protein kinases and subsequent epigenetic modification in a manner that leads to improved outcomes. Even though eating fruits and vegetables is a well-known feature of a healthy dietary pattern, population intakes continue to be below federal recommendations. To encourage consumers to include fruits and vegetables into their diet, an “eat by color” approach is proposed in this review. Although each individual food may have numerous effects based on its constituents, the goal of this simplified approach was to identify general patterns of benefits based on the preponderance of scientific data and known mechanisms of food-based constituents. It is suggested that such a consumer-oriented categorization of these plant-based foods may lead to greater recognition of their importance in the daily diet throughout the lifespan. Other adjunctive strategies to heighten awareness of fruits and vegetables are discussed.
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29
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Wang W, Pan Y, Wang L, Zhou H, Song G, Wang Y, Liu J, Li A. Optimal Dietary Ferulic Acid for Suppressing the Obesity-Related Disorders in Leptin-Deficient Obese C57BL/6J -ob/ob Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4250-4258. [PMID: 30907082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ferulic acid (FA) is a major polyphenolic compound and has been shown to improve the glucose and lipid homeostasis in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Here, we found the optimal level of dietary FA to ameliorate obesity and obesity-correlated disorders, and identified the responses of gut microbiota to dietary FA in genetic leptin-deficient obese ( ob/ob) mice. The ob/ob mice exhibited persistent higher body weights, feed efficiency, white adipose tissue weights, and hepatic lipid accumulation, compared to those of the wild-type mice. However, 0.5% dietary FA suppressed these symptoms in ob/ob mice. The diversity of gut microbiota and the total abundance of obesity- and anti-obesity-related genera were not influenced after FA intervention in ob/ob mice. These data suggest that sufficient intake of FA (0.5%) could be useful for treating obesity or obesity-related diseases, and this weight-control effect is possibly not correlated with the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Academy of State Administration of Grain , Beijing , P.R. China 100037
| | - Yiou Pan
- Academy of State Administration of Grain , Beijing , P.R. China 100037
- Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang , P.R. China 471023
| | - Li Wang
- Academy of State Administration of Grain , Beijing , P.R. China 100037
| | - Hang Zhou
- Academy of State Administration of Grain , Beijing , P.R. China 100037
| | - Ge Song
- Academy of State Administration of Grain , Beijing , P.R. China 100037
| | - Yongwei Wang
- Academy of State Administration of Grain , Beijing , P.R. China 100037
| | - Jianxue Liu
- Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang , P.R. China 471023
| | - Aike Li
- Academy of State Administration of Grain , Beijing , P.R. China 100037
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30
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Zheng F, Han M, He Y, Zhang Y, Liu S, Yue H, Wen L. Biotransformation of anthocyanins from Vitis amurensis Rupr of “Beibinghong” extract by human intestinal microbiota. Xenobiotica 2019; 49:1025-1032. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1532132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Mingxin Han
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yang He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Shuying Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Yue
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Liankui Wen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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31
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Soleti R, Hilairet G, Mallegol P, Dourguia C, Frifra M, Guillou MC, Gacel A, Guyot S, Pignon P, Basset L, Cadot Y, Renou JP, Orsel M, Andriantsitohaina R. Screening of ordinary commercial varieties of apple fruits under different storage conditions for their potential vascular and metabolic protective properties. Food Funct 2018; 9:5855-5867. [PMID: 30358797 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00967h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies reported that apple consumption is associated with a decrease of cardiovascular and metabolic dysfunction, probably due to the polyphenols and fibers present in this fruit. The storage conditions and genetic origin of apples have been reported to influence their content and, as a consequence, their pharmacological properties. The present study evaluated the influence of varieties and storage conditions of traditional and highly appreciated apples including Gala, Golden Delicious, Granny Smith and Pink Lady varieties after harvest and storage under classic cold conditions, under a controlled atmosphere, or under extreme ultra-low oxygen conditions. Thus, a multi-parametric screening on cell models associated with vascular and metabolic dysfunctions - such as endothelial and smooth muscle cells, hepatocytes, adipocytes and macrophages - in relation to the apple polyphenol content has been developed. This strategy demonstrated that, overall, peeled apple samples exhibited a vascular tropism and acted mainly on proliferation and oxidative stress in endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Apple extracts appeared to be less effective on adipocytes and macrophages, but they exhibited antioxidant properties in hepatocytes. Among the varieties, Gala and Golden Delicious were the most efficient against the processes involved in the development of atherosclerosis. Concerning storage conditions, most of the apple varieties were more efficient under harvest conditions, while they could not be discriminated under all other cold conditions and the concentration used, except for the Gala samples. Interestingly, pharmacological properties were associated with the polyphenol profiles of freeze dried apple flesh powder. The present report revealed the potential use of some apple extracts as effective food supplements or nutraceuticals for the prevention and/or management of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Soleti
- INSERM UMR1063, Stress oxydant et pathologies métaboliques, Faculté de Santé, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France.
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32
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Guo J, Han X, Zhan J, You Y, Huang W. Vanillin Alleviates High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Improves the Gut Microbiota Composition. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2733. [PMID: 30483238 PMCID: PMC6243071 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vanillin, a simple phenolic compound, exists marginally in some plants and can be produced by microbes. This study uses high-fat-diet (HFD) induced obese mice to study the effect of vanillin on obesity and obtain positive results. First, both body and adipose tissue weight are reduced. Second, the blood properties signaling certain disorders such as ALT, LDH, glucose, cholesterol, LDL-C, TG and HDL-C are ameliorated and both insulin sensitivity, and glucose tolerance are improved. Third, vanillin reduced elevated levels of inflammatory factors including LPS, IL-6, and TNF-α in plasma and liver tissue resulting from obesity. Finally, the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) is enhanced. Additionally, study results demonstrate that vanillin significantly alleviates obesity-related gut microbiota (GM) disorders including the decrease of alpha- and beta-diversity. Furthermore, vanillin reduces the abundance of Firmicutes phylum, increases the richness of Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobiota phyla, and inhibits the expansion of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-producing bacteria Bilophila genus and the H2S-producing bacteria Desulfovibrio genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jielong Guo
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Han
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jicheng Zhan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yilin You
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Huang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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33
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Sansone K, Kern M, Hong MY, Liu C, Hooshmand S. Acute Effects of Dried Apple Consumption on Metabolic and Cognitive Responses in Healthy Individuals. J Med Food 2018; 21:1158-1164. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kara Sansone
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Science, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Mark Kern
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Science, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Mee Young Hong
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Science, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Changqi Liu
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Science, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Shirin Hooshmand
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Science, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
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Modulatory Effect of Polyphenolic Compounds from the Mangrove Tree Rhizophora mangle L. on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Insulin Resistance in High-Fat Diet Obese Mice. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092114. [PMID: 30135414 PMCID: PMC6225131 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
No scientific report proves the action of the phytochemicals from the mangrove tree Rhizophora mangle in the treatment of diabetes. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effects of the acetonic extract of R. mangle barks (AERM) on type 2 diabetes. The main chemical constituents of the extract were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and flow injection analysis electrospray-iontrap mass spectrometry (FIA-ESI-IT-MS/MS). High-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice were used as model of type 2 diabetes associated with obesity. After 4 weeks of AERM 5 or 50 mg/kg/day orally, glucose homeostasis was evaluated by insulin tolerance test (kiTT). Hepatic steatosis, triglycerides and gene expression were also evaluated. AERM consists of catechin, quercetin and chlorogenic acids derivatives. These metabolites have nutritional importance, obese mice treated with AERM (50 mg/kg) presented improvements in insulin resistance resulting in hepatic steatosis reductions associated with a strong inhibition of hepatic mRNA levels of CD36. The beneficial effects of AERM in an obesity model could be associated with its inhibitory α-amylase activity detected in vitro. Rhizophora mangle partially reverses insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis associated with obesity, supporting previous claims in traditional knowledge.
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Do flavanols-rich natural products relieve obesity-related insulin resistance? Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 112:157-167. [PMID: 29288757 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence support that insulin resistance may occur as a severe problem due to chronic energetic overfeeding and subsequent obesity. When an abundance of glucose and saturated fat enter the cell, impaired blood flow, hypoxia, inflammation and macrophage infiltration in obese adipose tissue may induce oxidative stress and insulin resistance. Excessive circulating saturated fatty acids ectopically accumulate in insulin-sensitive tissues and impair insulin action. In this context, excessive hepatic lipid accumulation may play a central, pathogenic role in insulin resistance. It is thought that dietary polyphenols may ameliorate obesity-related insulin resistance by attenuating inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. The most often occurring natural polyphenolic compounds are flavonoids. In this review, the possible mechanistic effect of flavonoid-rich natural products on insulin resistance-related metabolic pathways is discussed. Polyphenol intake can prevent high-fat-diet-induced insulin resistance via cell surface G protein-coupled estrogen receptors by upregulating the expression of related genes, and their pathways, which are responsible for the insulin sensitivity.
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Shoji T, Yamada M, Miura T, Nagashima K, Ogura K, Inagaki N, Maeda-Yamamoto M. Chronic administration of apple polyphenols ameliorates hyperglycaemia in high-normal and borderline subjects: A randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2017; 129:43-51. [PMID: 28505543 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We previously reported that apple polyphenols (AP) and their major active components, procyanidins, had beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis and diabetes in diabetic ob/ob mice. The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of chronic AP administration on glucose tolerance in high-normal and borderline human subjects. METHODS Subjects (n=65) with a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level of 100-125mg/dL determined during a recent health check-up were randomised to receive tablets containing AP (600mg/day) or placebo tablets for 12weeks in a double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The primary outcome was insulin resistance, assessed using a 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). RESULTS The 12-week chronic administration of AP significantly reduced the increase in glucose at 30-min post-75g OGTT (OGTT30-min glucose) value, compared to the placebo regimen. Furthermore, in a subgroup of the high-normal (FPG value, 100-109mg/dL; 2-h post-75g OGTT glucose (OGTT2-h glucose) value, <140mg/dL) and borderline (FPG value, 110-125mg/dL; OGTT2-h glucose value, <140mg/dL and FPG value, <126mg/dL; OGTT2-h glucose value, 140-199mg/dL) subjects, OGTT30-min glucose value in the AP group (164.0±7.4mg/dL) was significantly lower than that of the placebo group (194.7±10.4mg/dL, p<0.05). No significant changes in the other lipid parameters and cytokine levels were observed. CONCLUSIONS Chronic AP administration significantly improved impaired glucose tolerance in high-normal and borderline subjects. Larger and/or longer-term scale human studies are required to confirm the potential glucose homeostasis of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Shoji
- Institute of Fruit Tree & Tea Science NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhiro Yamada
- Kakegawa City Office, Healthcare Section, Kakegawa, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomisato Miura
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nagashima
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kasane Ogura
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mari Maeda-Yamamoto
- National Food Research Institute, The National Agriculture & Food Research, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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