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Galla MS, Kale NB, Kumawat A, Bora D, Shankaraiah N. Rh(III)-catalysed C-H annulation of cis-stilbene acids with 2-diazo-1,3-diketones: facile access to 6,7-dihydrobenzofuran-4(5 H)-one and α-pyrone scaffolds. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3933-3939. [PMID: 38666426 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00151f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
An efficient Rh(III)-catalysed C-H functionalization, tandem annulation of cis-stilbene acids using 2-diazo-1,3-diketones was devised. This protocol solely afforded 6,7-dihydrobenzofuran-4(5H)-ones using alicyclic diazocarbonyls via decarbonylation and α-pyrones with aliphatic diazo compounds. The chameleonic nature of cis-stilbene acid was observed with various diazo compounds by altering the additives. This synthetic method furnished good atom-economy and wide functional group tolerance, and also explained the use of carboxylic acids as a directing group. In addition, a mechanistic investigation of the catalysed reaction using ESI-MS, and the fluorescence properties of α-pyrones were well explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Sravani Galla
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037, India.
| | - Nandini B Kale
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037, India.
| | - Akshay Kumawat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037, India.
| | - Darshana Bora
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037, India.
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037, India.
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Yang X, Xu F, Lu F, He W, Song J, Yan X, Li J, Liu G, Cai S, Li D. Metabolism of Two Mogroside Isomers, Mogroside III and Mogroside IIIE, in Normal and Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme-Induced Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:20735-20750. [PMID: 38100610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Mogrosides III (1) and IIIE (2) are two important bioactive cucurbitane-type triterpenoid triglycosides in the edible fruits of Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle), which are isomers and have only a minor difference in their structures. To clarify the effects of structural difference and drug-metabolizing-enzyme induction on their metabolism in vivo, their metabolites in normal rats and drug-metabolizing-enzyme-induced rats were tentatively identified and semiquantified by using the HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MSn technique. Totally, 76, 78, 96, and 121 metabolites of mogrosides were identified in the NIII (normal rats orally administered with mogroside III), NIIIE (normal rats orally administered with mogroside IIIE), EIII (drug-metabolizing-enzyme-induced rats orally administered with mogroside III), and EIIIE (drug-metabolizing-enzyme-induced rats orally administered with mogroside IIIE) groups, respectively. The metabolite differences among these groups indicated that their minor structural differences are responsible for the significant differences in their metabolites, and the induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes significantly increased the number of their metabolites. These findings would improve our understanding of the in vivo processes of mogrosides III and IIIE as well as their interactions with other food bioactive components or drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerong Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 85, Yanshan Road, Yanshan District, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fenglai Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 85, Yanshan Road, Yanshan District, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Wen He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 85, Yanshan Road, Yanshan District, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Jingru Song
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 85, Yanshan Road, Yanshan District, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Xiaojie Yan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 85, Yanshan Road, Yanshan District, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Jianxing Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 85, Yanshan Road, Yanshan District, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Guangxue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shaoqing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dianpeng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 85, Yanshan Road, Yanshan District, Guilin 541006, China
- Engineering Research Center of Innovative Traditional Chinese, Zhuang and Yao Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 13, Wuhe Road, Nanning 530200, China
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Dai R, Huang J, Cui L, Sun R, Qiu X, Wang Y, Sun Y. Gut microbiota and metabolites in estrus cycle and their changes in a menopausal transition rat model with typical neuroendocrine aging. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1282694. [PMID: 38161977 PMCID: PMC10755682 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1282694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroendocrine alterations in the mid-life hypothalamus coupled with reproductive decline herald the initiation of menopausal transition. The certain feature and contribution of gut microflora and metabolites to neuroendocrine changes in the menopausal transition remain largely unknown. Methods Fecal samples of rats experiencing different reproductive stages were collected and processed for 16S rRNA and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry sequencing. The differences of gut microbiota and metabolites between young and middle-aged rats during proestrus and diestrus were analyzed, and their relationships to neuroendocrine aging were then examined. Results At the genus level, Anaeroyorax, Rikenella, Tyzzerella_3, and Atopostipes were abundant at proestrus, while Romboutsia, Turicibacter, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group, CHKCI002, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010, Staphylococcus, Family_XII_AD3011_group, Ruminococcaceae UCG-011, and Christensenellaceae_R_7_group were enriched in the diestrus of middle-aged rats. DNF00809, Phocea, and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006 were found abundant during proestrus instead, while Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Erysipelatoclostridium, Anaeroplasma, Anaerofustis, Parasutterella, and Enterococcus were enriched at the diestrus of young female individuals. Discriminatory metabolites were identified involving 90 metabolic pathways among the animal sets, which were enriched for steroid hormone biosynthesis, arachidonic metabolism, primary bile acid synthesis, and ovarian steroidogenesis. A total of 21 metabolites lacking in hormone-associated changes in middle-aged female individuals presented positive or negative correlations with the circulating luteinizing hormone, bile acid, fibroblast growth factor 19, and gut hormones. Moreover, close correlations were detected between the intestinal bacteria and their metabolites. Conclusion This study documents specific gut microbial composition changes and concomitant shifting trends of metabolites during menopausal transition, which may initiate the gut-brain dysfunction in neuroendocrine aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Dai
- Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqin Huang
- Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Disease, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyuan Cui
- Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiqi Sun
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xuemin Qiu
- Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Disease, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Javed A, Alam MB, Naznin M, Shafique I, Kim S, Lee SH. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of Sargassum fusiforme and characterisation of bioactive compounds. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2023. [PMID: 37183174 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sargassum fusiforme (Harvey) Setchell, also known as Tot (in Korean) and Hijiki (in Japanese), is widely consumed in Korea, Japan, and China due to its health promoting properties. However, the bioactive component behind the biological activity is still unknown. OBJECTIVES We aimed to optimise the extraction conditions for achieving maximum tyrosinase inhibition activity by using two sophisticated statistical tools, that is, response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN). Moreover, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was used to tentatively identify the components, which are then further studied for molecular docking study using 2Y9X protein. METHODOLOGY RSM central composite design was used to conduct extraction using microwave equipment, which was then compared to ANN. Electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) was used to tentatively identify bioactive components, which were then docked to the 2Y9X protein using AutoDock Vina and MolDock software. RESULTS Maximum tyrosinase inhibition activity of 79.530% was achieved under optimised conditions of time: 3.27 min, temperature: 128.885°C, ethanol concentration: 42.13%, and microwave intensity: 577.84 W. Furthermore, 48 bioactive compounds were tentatively identified in optimised Sargassum fusiforme (OSF) extract, and among them, seven phenolics, five flavonoids, five lignans, six terpenes, and five sulfolipids and phospholipids were putatively reported for the first time in Sargassum fusiforme. Among 48 bioactive components, trifuhalol-A, diphlorethohydroxycarmalol, glycyrrhizin, and arctigenin exhibited higher binding energies for 2Y9X. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings suggest that OSF extract can be used as an effective skin-whitening source on a commercial level and could be used in topical formulations by replacing conventional drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Javed
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Md Badrul Alam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Antiaging Centre, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Marufa Naznin
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Imran Shafique
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Mass Spectroscopy Converging Research Centre, Green Nano Materials Research Centre, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang-Han Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Antiaging Centre, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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The Gut Microbiota Metabolite Urolithin B Prevents Colorectal Carcinogenesis by Remodeling Microbiota and PD-L1/HLA-B. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:6480848. [PMID: 36778211 PMCID: PMC9908333 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6480848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer has risen to the third occurring cancer in the world. Fluorouracil (5-Fu), oxaliplatin, and cisplatin are the most effective chemotherapeutic agents for clinical chemotherapy. Nevertheless, due to chemotherapeutic drug resistance, the survival rate of patients with CRC remains very low. In this study, we used the inflammation-induced or mutation-family-inherited murine CRC models to study the anticancer and immunotherapy effects of urolithin B (UB), the final metabolite of polyphenols in the gastrointestinal tract. The label-free proteomics analysis and the gene ontology (GO) classifications were used to test and analyze the proteins affected by UB. And 16S rDNA sequencing and flow cytometry were utilized to uncover gut microbiome composition and immune defense improved by UB administration. The results indicated that urolithin B prevents colorectal carcinogenesis by remodeling gut microbial and tumor immune microenvironments, such as HLA-B, NK cells, regulatory T cells, and γδ TCR cells, and decreasing the PD-L1. The combination of urolithin B with first-line therapeutic drugs improved the colorectal intestinal hematochezia by shaping gut microbiota, providing a strategy for the treatment of immunotherapy treatment for CRC treatments. UB combined with anti-PD-1 antibody could inhibit the growth of colon cancer. Urolithin B may thus contribute to anticancer treatments and provide a high immune response microenvironment for CRC patients' further immunotherapy.
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Xu X, Liu Z, Yao L. The Synthesis of Urolithins and their Derivatives and the Modes of Antitumor Action. Mini Rev Med Chem 2023; 23:80-87. [PMID: 35578881 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220516125500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Urolithins are microbial metabolites derived from berries and pomegranate fruits, which display anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-aging activities. There are eight natural urolithins (urolithin A-E, M5, M6 and M7), which have been isolated by now. Structurally, urolithins are phenolic compounds and belong to 6H-dibenzo [b,d] pyran-6-one. They have drawn considerable attention because of their vast range of biological activities and health benefits. Recent studies also suggest that they possess anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anticancer effects. In this article, the recent advances in the synthesis of urolithins and their derivatives from 2015 to 2021 are reviewed. To improve or overcome the solubility and metabolism stability issues, the modifications of urolithins are mainly centered on the hydroxy group and lactone group, and some compounds have been found to display promising results and the potential for further study. The possible modes of antitumor action of urolithin are also discussed. Several signaling pathways, including PI3K-Akt, Wnt/β-catenin pathways, and multiple receptors (aryl hydrocarbon receptor, estrogen and androgen receptors) and enzymes (tyrosinase and lactate dehydrogenase) are involved in the antitumor activity of urolithins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Zhuanhong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Lei Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
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Deepika, Maurya PK. Ellagic acid: insight into its protective effects in age-associated disorders. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:340. [PMID: 36340805 PMCID: PMC9633905 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03409-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The disparity in the free radical generation and the production of antioxidants to counteract its effect is known as oxidative stress. Oxidative stress causes damage to the macromolecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and DNA and RNA. The oxidative damage to the cellular components leads to a process of aging and various age-associated disorders. The literature survey for this review was done using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. The papers showing the studies related to aging and age-associated disorders have been selected for reviewing this paper. Ellagic acid has been used as the keyword, and more emphasis has been put on papers from the last 10 years. However, some papers with significant studies prior to 10 years have also been considered. Almost 250 papers have been studied for reviewing this paper, and about 135 papers have been cited. Ellagic acid (EA) is present in high quantities in pomegranate and various types of berries. It is known to possess the antioxidant potential and protects from the harmful effects of free radicals. Various studies have shown its effect to protect cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, cancer, and diabetes. The present review focuses on the protective effect of ellagic acid in age-associated disorders. The effect of EA has been studied in various chronic disorders but the scope of this review is limited to cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. All the disease aspects have not been addressed in this particular review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendragarh, 123031 India
| | - Pawan Kumar Maurya
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendragarh, 123031 India
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Liu JK. Natural products in cosmetics. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2022; 12:40. [PMID: 36437391 PMCID: PMC9702281 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-022-00363-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The global cosmetics market reached US$500 billion in 2017 and is expected to exceed US$800 billion by 2023, at around a 7% annual growth rate. The cosmetics industry is emerging as one of the fastest-growing industries of the past decade. Data shows that the Chinese cosmetics market was US$60 billion in 2021. It is expected to be the world's number one consumer cosmetics market by 2050, with a size of approximately US$450 billion. The influence of social media and the internet has raised awareness of the risks associated with the usage of many chemicals in cosmetics and the health benefits of natural products derived from plants and other natural resources. As a result, the cosmetic industry is now paying more attention to natural products. The present review focus on the possible applications of natural products from various biological sources in skin care cosmetics, including topical care products, fragrances, moisturizers, UV protective, and anti-wrinkle products. In addition, the mechanisms of targets for evaluation of active ingredients in cosmetics and the possible benefits of these bioactive compounds in rejuvenation and health, and their potential role in cosmetics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Kai Liu
- Wuhan Institute of Health, Shenzhen Moore Vaporization Health & Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang J, Lv Y, Zhang J, Shi WJ, Guo XY, Xu JJ, Wang PP, Chen XT, Xiang LH, Xu F, Wang X, Cai SQ. Metabolism of Paeoniae Radix Rubra and its 14 constituents in mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:995641. [PMID: 36267278 PMCID: PMC9577399 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.995641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Paeoniae Radix Rubra (PRR) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine with the effects of clearing away heat, cooling the blood, and relieving blood stasis. To 1) elucidate the metabolites and metabolic pathways of PRR and its 14 main constituents in mice and 2) reveal the possible origins of the known effective forms of PRR and their isomers, the metabolism of PRR in mice was systematically studied for the first time. Methods: PRR and its 14 constituents were administered to mice by gavage once a day for seven consecutive days, respectively. All urine and feces were collected during the 7 days of dosing, and blood was collected at 1 h after the last dose. Metabolites were detected and identified using high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector and combined with electrospray ionization ion trap time-of-flight multistage mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MSn). Results: In total, 23, 16, 24, 17, 18, 30, 27, 17, 22, 17, 33, 3, 8, 24, and 31 metabolites of paeoniflorin, albiflorin, oxypaeoniflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin, hydroxybenzoylpaeoniflorin, benzoyloxypaeoniflorin, galloylpaeoniflorin, lactiflorin, epicatechin gallate, catechin gallate, catechin, ellagic acid, 3,3′-di-O-methylellagic acid, methylgallate, and PRR were respectively identified in mice; after eliminating identical metabolites, a total of 195 metabolites remained, including 8, 11, 25, 17, 18, 30, 27, 17, 21, 17, 1, 2, 8, 20, and 20 newly identified metabolites, respectively. The metabolic reactions of PRR and its 14 main constituents in mice were primarily methylation, hydrogenation, hydrolysis, hydroxylation, glucuronidation, and sulfation. Conclusion: We elucidated the metabolites and metabolic pathways of PRR and its 14 constituents (e.g., paeoniflorin, catechin, ellagic acid, and gallic acid) in mice and revealed the possible origins of the 10 known effective forms of PRR and their isomers. The findings are of great significance to studying the mechanism of action and quality control of PRR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Feng Xu
- *Correspondence: Feng Xu, ; Shao-Qing Cai,
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Gandhi GR, Antony PJ, Ceasar SA, Vasconcelos ABS, Montalvão MM, Farias de Franca MN, Resende ADS, Sharanya CS, Liu Y, Hariharan G, Gan RY. Health functions and related molecular mechanisms of ellagitannin-derived urolithins. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:280-310. [PMID: 35959701 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2106179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Ellagitannins are vital bioactive polyphenols that are widely distributed in a variety of plant-based foods. The main metabolites of ellagitannins are urolithins, and current research suggests that urolithins provide a variety of health benefits. This review focused on the role of the gut bacteria in the conversion of ellagitannins to urolithins. Based on the results of in vitro and in vivo studies, the health benefits of urolithins, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-aging, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective, kidney protective, and muscle mass protective effects, were thoroughly outlined, with a focus on their associated molecular mechanisms. Finally, we briefly commented on urolithins' safety. Overall, urolithins' diverse health benefits indicate the potential utilization of ellagitannins and urolithins in the creation of functional foods and nutraceuticals to treat and prevent some chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopalsamy Rajiv Gandhi
- Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kalamaserry, Kochi, India
| | | | | | - Alan Bruno Silva Vasconcelos
- Postgraduate Program of Physiological Sciences (PROCFIS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Monalisa Martins Montalvão
- Postgraduate Program of Physiological Sciences (PROCFIS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Mariana Nobre Farias de Franca
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Campus Prof. João Cardoso Nascimento, Aracaju, CEP, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Ayane de Sá Resende
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Campus Prof. João Cardoso Nascimento, Aracaju, CEP, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Yi Liu
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Govindasamy Hariharan
- Department of Biochemistry, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous) affiliated to the Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli, India
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Nepal Jesuit Society, St. Xavier's College, Jawalakhel, Lalitpur Dt. Kathmandu, Nepal
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Li Q, Wang L, Liu H, Ren W, Zhang Z, Xia B. Roles of miR-124-3p/Scd1 in urolithin A-induced brown adipocyte differentiation and succinate-dependent regulation of mitochondrial complex II. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 606:174-181. [PMID: 35361481 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipocytes have been linked to managing human obesity and related metabolic diseases. A large number of natural products have emerged that can activate brown adipocytes tissue (BAT) to active thermogenesis, but the epigenetic mechanisms have not been fully resolved. In this study, we identified the induction of miR-124-3p by urolithin A (UA) as a means to increase the thermogenic activity of brown adipocytes. Overexpression of miR-124-3p enhances thermogenesis by increasing mitochondrial content in brown adipocytes. Mechanistically, to clarify that miR-124-3p affects fatty acid synthesis using bioinformatics methods, it is clear that miR-124 affects the synthesis of fatty acids through the enrichment analysis of the KEGG pathway, and using dual luci. ferase to determine the target gene as stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) while controlling rates of fatty acids synthesis and de novo brown fat biogenesis. Finally, in the overexpression of miR-124-3p and UA-treated BAT, succinate accumulation was enhanced in cells and fueled mitochondrial complex II activities. This study highlights a miR-124-3p/SCD1/succinate pathway that stimulates thermogenesis of BAT via the modulatory roles of UA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lina Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Weiyuan Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Bo Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Hasheminezhad SH, Boozari M, Iranshahi M, Yazarlu O, Sahebkar A, Hasanpour M, Iranshahy M. A mechanistic insight into the biological activities of urolithins as gut microbial metabolites of ellagitannins. Phytother Res 2021; 36:112-146. [PMID: 34542202 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Urolithins are the gut metabolites produced from ellagitannin-rich foods such as pomegranates, tea, walnuts, as well as strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, and cloudberries. Urolithins are of growing interest due to their various biological activities including cardiovascular protection, anti-inflammatory activity, anticancer properties, antidiabetic activity, and antiaging properties. Several studies mostly based on in vitro and in vivo experiments have investigated the potential mechanisms of urolithins which support the beneficial effects of urolithins in the treatment of several diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, liver disease, cardiovascular disease, and various cancers. It is now obvious that urolithins can involve several cellular mechanisms including inhibition of MDM2-p53 interaction, modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and suppressing nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activity. Antiaging activity is the most appealing and probably the most important property of urolithin A that has been investigated in depth in recent studies, owing to its unique effects on activation of mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. A recent clinical trial showed that urolithin A is safe up to 2,500 mg/day and can improve mitochondrial biomarkers in elderly patients. Regarding the importance of mitochondria in the pathophysiology of many diseases, urolithins merit further research especially in clinical trials to unravel more aspects of their clinical significance. Besides the nutritional value of urolithins, recent studies proved that urolithins can be used as pharmacological agents to prevent or cure several diseases. Here, we comprehensively review the potential role of urolithins as new therapeutic agents with a special focus on the molecular pathways that have been involved in their biological effects. The pharmacokinetics of urolithins is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Motahareh Boozari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Omid Yazarlu
- Department of General Surgery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maede Hasanpour
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Milad Iranshahy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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13
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Anti-Pigmentary Natural Compounds and Their Mode of Action. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126206. [PMID: 34201391 PMCID: PMC8226446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyper-activated melanocytes are the major cause of skin hyper-pigmentary disorders, such as freckles and melasma. Increasing efforts have been made to search for materials with depigmenting activity to develop functional cosmetics. As a result, numerous materials have been reported to have depigmenting activity but some of them are known to cause unwanted side effects. Consequently, anti-pigmentary natural compounds without concern of toxicity are in great demand. Virtually all sorts of natural sources have been investigated to find anti-pigmentary natural compounds. This review summarizes recently reported anti-pigmentary natural compounds and their mode of action from the ocean, plants, and bacteria.
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Inhibitory effect of CADI on melanin transfer in the B16F10-HaCAT cells co-culture system and anti-melanogenesis of CNCE in zebrafish. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Exploration of anti-tyrosinase effect of Geranium glaberrimum Boiss. & Heldr. with in silico approach and survey of 21 Geranium species. J Herb Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Lee S, Choi H, Park Y, Jung HJ, Ullah S, Choi I, Kang D, Park C, Ryu IY, Jeong Y, Hwang Y, Hong S, Chun P, Moon HR. Urolithin and Reduced Urolithin Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Tyrosinase and Melanogenesis: Importance of the 4-Substituted Resorcinol Moiety. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115616. [PMID: 34070680 PMCID: PMC8199067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported (E)-β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl scaffold ((E)-PUSC) played an important role in showing high tyrosinase inhibitory activity and that derivatives with a 4-substituted resorcinol moiety as the β-phenyl group of the scaffold resulted in the greatest tyrosinase inhibitory activity. To examine whether the 4-substituted resorcinol moiety could impart tyrosinase inhibitory activity in the absence of the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety of the (E)-PUSC scaffold, 10 urolithin derivatives were synthesized. To obtain more candidate samples, the lactone ring in synthesized urolithins was reduced to produce nine reduced urolithins. Compounds 1c (IC50 = 18.09 ± 0.25 μM), 1h (IC50 = 4.14 ± 0.10 μM), and 2a (IC50 = 15.69 ± 0.40 μM) had greater mushroom tyrosinase-inhibitory activities than kojic acid (KA) (IC50 = 48.62 ± 3.38 μM). The SAR results suggest that the 4-substituted resorcinol motif makes an important contribution to tyrosinase inhibition. To investigate whether these compounds bind to human tyrosinase, a human tyrosinase homology model was developed. Docking simulations with mushroom and human tyrosinases showed that 1c, 1h, and 2a bind to the active site of both tyrosinases with higher binding affinities than KA. Pharmacophore analyses showed that two hydroxyl groups of the 4-substituted resorcinol entity act as hydrogen bond donors in both mushroom and human tyrosinases. Kinetic analyses indicated that these compounds were all competitive inhibitors. Compound 2a inhibited cellular tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis in α-MSH plus IBMX-stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells more strongly than KA. These results suggest that 2a is a promising candidate for the treatment of skin pigment disorders, and show the 4-substituted resorcinol entity importantly contributes to tyrosinase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanggwon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.P.); (H.J.J.); (I.C.); (D.K.); (C.P.); (I.Y.R.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (S.H.)
| | - Heejeong Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.P.); (H.J.J.); (I.C.); (D.K.); (C.P.); (I.Y.R.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (S.H.)
| | - Yujin Park
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.P.); (H.J.J.); (I.C.); (D.K.); (C.P.); (I.Y.R.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (S.H.)
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.P.); (H.J.J.); (I.C.); (D.K.); (C.P.); (I.Y.R.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (S.H.)
| | - Sultan Ullah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA;
| | - Inkyu Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.P.); (H.J.J.); (I.C.); (D.K.); (C.P.); (I.Y.R.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (S.H.)
| | - Dongwan Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.P.); (H.J.J.); (I.C.); (D.K.); (C.P.); (I.Y.R.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (S.H.)
| | - Chaeun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.P.); (H.J.J.); (I.C.); (D.K.); (C.P.); (I.Y.R.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (S.H.)
| | - Il Young Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.P.); (H.J.J.); (I.C.); (D.K.); (C.P.); (I.Y.R.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (S.H.)
| | - Yeongmu Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.P.); (H.J.J.); (I.C.); (D.K.); (C.P.); (I.Y.R.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (S.H.)
| | - YeJi Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.P.); (H.J.J.); (I.C.); (D.K.); (C.P.); (I.Y.R.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (S.H.)
| | - Sojeong Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.P.); (H.J.J.); (I.C.); (D.K.); (C.P.); (I.Y.R.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (S.H.)
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea;
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.P.); (H.J.J.); (I.C.); (D.K.); (C.P.); (I.Y.R.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (S.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-510-2815; Fax: +82-51-513-6754
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Seyed Hameed AS, Rawat PS, Meng X, Liu W. Biotransformation of dietary phytoestrogens by gut microbes: A review on bidirectional interaction between phytoestrogen metabolism and gut microbiota. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 43:107576. [PMID: 32531317 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are a class of plant produced polyphenolic compounds with diphenolic structure, which is similar to 17β-estradiol. These phytoestrogens preferentially bind to estrogen receptors, however, with weak affinity. Recently, many studies have found that these phytoestrogens can be transformed by gut microbiota through novel enzymatic reactions into metabolites with altered bioactivity. Recent studies have also implied that these metabolites could possibly modulate the host gut ecosystem, gene expression, metabolism and the immune system. Thus, isolating gut microbes capable of biotransforming phytoestrogens and characterizing the novel enzymatic reactions involved are principal to understand the mechanisms of beneficial effects brought by gut microbiota and their metabolism on phytoestrogens, and to provide the theoretical knowledge for the development of functional probiotics. In the present review, we summarized works on gut microbial biotransformation of phytoestrogens, including daidzin (isoflavone), phenylnaringenin (prenylflavonoid), lignans, resveratrol (stilbene) and ellagitannins. We mainly focus on gut bacterial isolation, metabolic pathway characterization, and the bidirectional interaction of phytoestrogens with gut microbes to illustrate the novel metabolic capability of gut microbiota and the methods used in these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahkam Saddam Seyed Hameed
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Parkash Singh Rawat
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Xiangfeng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
| | - Weifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China
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18
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Xia B, Shi XC, Xie BC, Zhu MQ, Chen Y, Chu XY, Cai GH, Liu M, Yang SZ, Mitchell GA, Pang WJ, Wu JW. Urolithin A exerts antiobesity effects through enhancing adipose tissue thermogenesis in mice. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000688. [PMID: 32218572 PMCID: PMC7141696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity leads to multiple health problems, including diabetes, fatty liver, and even cancer. Here, we report that urolithin A (UA), a gut-microflora-derived metabolite of pomegranate ellagitannins (ETs), prevents diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunctions in mice without causing adverse effects. UA treatment increases energy expenditure (EE) by enhancing thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and inducing browning of white adipose tissue (WAT). Mechanistically, UA-mediated increased thermogenesis is caused by an elevation of triiodothyronine (T3) levels in BAT and inguinal fat depots. This is also confirmed in UA-treated white and brown adipocytes. Consistent with this mechanism, UA loses its beneficial effects on activation of BAT, browning of white fat, body weight control, and glucose homeostasis when thyroid hormone (TH) production is blocked by its inhibitor, propylthiouracil (PTU). Conversely, administration of exogenous tetraiodothyronine (T4) to PTU-treated mice restores UA-induced activation of BAT and browning of white fat and its preventive role on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced weight gain. Together, these results suggest that UA is a potent antiobesity agent with potential for human clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao Chen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bao Cai Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Yi Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guo He Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shi Zhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Grant A. Mitchell
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, Université de Montréal and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Wei Jun Pang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiang Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Chen P, Lei J, Chen F, Zhou B. Ameliorative effect of urolithin A on d-gal-induced liver and kidney damage in aging mice via its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties. RSC Adv 2020; 10:8027-8038. [PMID: 35497859 PMCID: PMC9049876 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00774a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Urolithin A, a metabolite produced by human colon microflora from ellagic acid and related compounds, has been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties. The present study investigates the protective effects of urolithin A (Uro A) on d-galactose (d-gal)-induced liver and kidney injury and the possible mechanisms in mice. In this study, we first investigated the antioxidant ability of Uro A in vitro. Then mice were treated with d-gal subcutaneously (150 mg kg-1 d-1), followed by Uro A at different dosages (50, 100, 150 mg kg-1 d-1, administered orally) for 8 weeks. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) in the serum were tested. Histopathological features were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining followed by an assessment of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Furthermore, we also evaluated the expression levels of the genes Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 in the liver and kidney. The results showed that Uro A treatment obviously attenuated d-gal-induced liver and kidney damage. The beneficial effects of Uro A were accompanied by a decline in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and a rise in the superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) activity in the liver and kidney and downregulation of the levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), in serum. Moreover, Uro A could modulate the expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 in the livers and kidneys of aging mice. These findings suggested that Uro A ameliorated d-gal-induced liver and kidney injury through attenuating oxidative stress, inflammatory responses and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430060 P. R. China +86 15335898431
| | - Jiexin Lei
- Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430060 P. R. China
| | - Fuchao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine Shiyan Hubei 442008 P. R. China
| | - Benhong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430060 P. R. China +86 15335898431
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Cásedas G, Les F, Choya-Foces C, Hugo M, López V. The Metabolite Urolithin-A Ameliorates Oxidative Stress in Neuro-2a Cells, Becoming a Potential Neuroprotective Agent. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020177. [PMID: 32098107 PMCID: PMC7070385 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Urolithin A is a metabolite generated from ellagic acid and ellagitannins by the intestinal microbiota after consumption of fruits such as pomegranates or strawberries. The objective of this study was to determine the cytoprotective capacity of this polyphenol in Neuro-2a cells subjected to oxidative stress, as well as its direct radical scavenging activity and properties as an inhibitor of oxidases. Cells treated with this compound and H2O2 showed a greater response to oxidative stress than cells only treated with H2O2, as mitochondrial activity (MTT assay), redox state (ROS formation, lipid peroxidation), and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT: catalase, SOD: superoxide dismutase, GR: glutathione reductase, GPx: glutathione peroxidase) were significantly ameliorated; additionally, urolithin A enhanced the expression of cytoprotective peroxiredoxins 1 and 3. Urolithin A also acted as a direct radical scavenger, showing values of 13.2 μM Trolox Equivalents for Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) and 5.01 µM and 152.66 µM IC50 values for superoxide and 2,2-diphenyss1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, respectively. Finally, inhibition of oxidizing enzymes, such as monoamine oxidase A and tyrosinase, was also detected in a dose-dependent manner. The cytoprotective effects of urolithin A could be attributed to the improvement of the cellular antioxidant battery, but also to its role as a direct radical scavenger and enzyme inhibitor of oxidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Cásedas
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego (Zaragoza), Spain; (G.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Francisco Les
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego (Zaragoza), Spain; (G.C.); (F.L.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carmen Choya-Foces
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), E-28009 Madrid, Spain; (C.C.-F.); (M.H.)
| | - Martín Hugo
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), E-28009 Madrid, Spain; (C.C.-F.); (M.H.)
| | - Víctor López
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego (Zaragoza), Spain; (G.C.); (F.L.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Alauddin M, Okumura T, Rajaxavier J, Khozooei S, Pöschel S, Takeda S, Singh Y, Brucker SY, Wallwiener D, Koch A, Salker MS. Gut Bacterial Metabolite Urolithin A Decreases Actin Polymerization and Migration in Cancer Cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1900390. [PMID: 31976617 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Urolithin A (UA) is a gut-derived bacterial metabolite from ellagic acid found in pomegranates, berries, and nuts can downregulate cell proliferation and migration. Cell proliferation and cell motility require actin reorganization, which is under control of ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) and p21 protein-activated kinase 1 (PAK1). The present study explores whether UA can modify actin cytoskeleton in cancer cells. METHODS The effect of UA on globular over filamentous actin ratio is determined utilizing Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry. Rac1 and PAK1 levels are measured by quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblotting. As a result, a 24 h treatment with UA (20 µm) significantly decreased Rac1 and PAK1 transcript levels and activity, depolymerized actin and wound healing. The effect of UA on actin polymerization is mimicked by pharmacological inhibition of Rac1 and PAK1. The effect is also mirrored by knock down using siRNA. CONCLUSION UA leads to disruption of Rac1 and Pak1 activity with subsequent actin depolymerization and migration. Thus, use of dietary UA in cancer prevention or as adjuvant therapy is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Alauddin
- Department of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Toshiyuki Okumura
- Department of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Janet Rajaxavier
- Department of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Shayan Khozooei
- Department of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Simone Pöschel
- Image Stream Core Facility, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Satoru Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Sara Y Brucker
- Department of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Diethelm Wallwiener
- Department of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - André Koch
- Department of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Madhuri S Salker
- Department of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
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22
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Natural and Bioinspired Phenolic Compounds as Tyrosinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Skin Hyperpigmentation: Recent Advances. COSMETICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics6040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most common approaches for control of skin pigmentation involves the inhibition of tyrosinase, a copper-containing enzyme which catalyzes the key steps of melanogenesis. This review focuses on the tyrosinase inhibition properties of a series of natural and synthetic, bioinspired phenolic compounds that have appeared in the literature in the last five years. Both mushroom and human tyrosinase inhibitors have been considered. Among the first class, flavonoids, in particular chalcones, occupy a prominent role as natural inhibitors, followed by hydroxystilbenes (mainly resveratrol derivatives). A series of more complex phenolic compounds from a variety of sources, first of all belonging to the Moraceae family, have also been described as potent tyrosinase inhibitors. As to the synthetic compounds, hydroxycinnamic acids and chalcones again appear as the most exploited scaffolds. Several inhibition mechanisms have been reported for the described inhibitors, pointing to copper chelating and/or hydrophobic moieties as key structural requirements to achieve good inhibition properties. Emerging trends in the search for novel skin depigmenting agents, including the development of assays that could distinguish between inhibitors and potentially toxic substrates of the enzyme as well as of formulations aimed at improving the bioavailability and hence the effectiveness of well-known inhibitors, have also been addressed.
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Liu C, Guo H, DaSilva NA, Li D, Zhang K, Wan Y, Gao XH, Chen HD, Seeram NP, Ma H. Pomegranate ( Punica granatum) Phenolics Ameliorate Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress and Cytotoxicity in Human Keratinocytes. J Funct Foods 2019; 54:559-567. [PMID: 34079588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate phenolics have been reported to exert skin beneficial effects but their mechanisms of action remain unclear. Herein, we investigated a standardized commercial pomegranate extract (PE; Pomella®) and its phenolics including punicalagin (PA), ellagic acid (EA), and urolithin A (UA) for their protective effects against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. PE, PA, and EA reduced the production of H2O2-induced ROS in HaCaT cells by 1.03-, 1.37-, and 2.67-fold, respectively. PE, PA, and UA increased the viability of H2O2-stimulated HaCaT cells by 89.9, 94.9, and 90.0%, respectively. PE, PA, and UA reduced apoptotic cell populations by 3.39, 7.11, and 8.26%, respectively. In addition, PE, PA and UA decreased H2O2-stimulated caspase-3 level by 2.31-, 2.06-, and 2.68-fold, respectively. The ameliorative effects of this PE and its phenolics against the H2O2-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in keratinocytes support their utilization as natural cosmeceuticals for skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Hao Guo
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.,Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, RI 02918, USA
| | - Nicholas A DaSilva
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Dongli Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinsheng Wan
- Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, RI 02918, USA
| | - Xing-Hua Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Hong-Duo Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Navindra P Seeram
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Hang Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China.,Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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Lorenzo JM, Munekata PE, Putnik P, Kovačević DB, Muchenje V, Barba FJ. Sources, Chemistry, and Biological Potential of Ellagitannins and Ellagic Acid Derivatives. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64181-6.00006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Ceci C, Lacal PM, Tentori L, De Martino MG, Miano R, Graziani G. Experimental Evidence of the Antitumor, Antimetastatic and Antiangiogenic Activity of Ellagic Acid. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1756. [PMID: 30441769 PMCID: PMC6266224 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA) is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound endowed with strong antioxidant and anticancer properties that is present in high quantity in a variety of berries, pomegranates, and dried fruits. The antitumor activity of EA has been mostly attributed to direct antiproliferative and apoptotic effects. Moreover, EA can inhibit tumour cell migration, extra-cellular matrix invasion and angiogenesis, all processes that are crucial for tumour infiltrative behaviour and the metastatic process. In addition, EA may increase tumour sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The aim of this review is to summarize the in vitro and in vivo experimental evidence supporting the anticancer activity of pure EA, its metabolites, and EA-containing fruit juice or extracts in a variety of solid tumour models. The EA oral administration as supportive therapy to standard chemotherapy has been recently evaluated in small clinical studies with colorectal or prostate cancer patients. Novel formulations with improved solubility and bioavailability are expected to fully develop the therapeutic potential of EA derivatives in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ceci
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00173 Rome, Italy.
| | - Pedro M Lacal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy.
| | - Lucio Tentori
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00173 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Gabriella De Martino
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00173 Rome, Italy.
| | - Roberto Miano
- Urology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00173 Rome, Italy.
| | - Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00173 Rome, Italy.
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Zhang J, Wang C, Wang C, Sun B, Qi C. Understanding the role of extracts from sea buckthorn seed residues in anti-melanogenesis properties on B16F10 melanoma cells. Food Funct 2018; 9:5402-5416. [PMID: 30277491 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01427b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The hydroalcoholic extract of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) seed residues (HYD-SBSR) is a potential skin whitening agent. To test this material as a potential skin whitening agent, we identified and quantified the main chemical constituents of HYD-SBSR by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadruple mass spectrometry (UPLC-QQQ-MS). The anti-melanogenesis properties of HYD-SBSR on B16F10 mouse melanoma cells were analysed and the mechanism was measured on both the transcriptional and translational levels. About 24 compounds were identified. Kaempferol and its derivatives were the main compounds with a concentration of about (2796.22 ± 31.55) μg per g DW. The following order among the detected compounds was observed: quercetin and its derivatives > isorhamnetin and its derivatives > procyanidins. HYD-SBSR has a strong antioxidant activity but with a slight cytotoxic effect on B16F10 when treated with 45.45 μg mL-1 and 4.55 μg mL-1 respectively, for 48 h. HYD-SBSR has been found to significantly decrease melanin content (P < 0.01) in 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. Additionally, strong inhibitory extracellular tyrosinase activities and decreasing intracellular tyrosinase activities were also observed (P < 0.01). HYD-SBSR shows inhibitory effects on the expression of tyrosinase (TYR) and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1), and the secretion of TYR and TRP-1 proteins in cell lines. The protein levels of tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) showed no significant difference. HYD-SBSR may inhibit melanin synthesis by decreasing the tyrosinase activity and down-regulating the expression of TYR and TRP-1 which were probably induced by other transcriptional factors rather than MITF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachan Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum INIA P815: The first bacterium able to produce urolithins A and B from ellagic acid. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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