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Zargar SM, Hami A, Manzoor M, Mir RA, Mahajan R, Bhat KA, Gani U, Sofi NR, Sofi PA, Masi A. Buckwheat OMICS: present status and future prospects. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:717-734. [PMID: 37482536 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2229511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.) is an underutilized resilient crop of North Western Himalayas belonging to the family Polygonaceae and is a source of essential nutrients and therapeutics. Common Buckwheat and Tatary Buckwheat are the two main cultivated species used as food. It is the only grain crop possessing rutin, an important metabolite with high nutraceutical potential. Due to its inherent tolerance to various biotic and abiotic stresses and a short life cycle, Buckwheat has been proposed as a model crop plant. Nutritional security is one of the major concerns, breeding for a nutrient-dense crop such as Buckwheat will provide a sustainable solution. Efforts toward improving Buckwheat for nutrition and yield are limited due to the lack of available: genetic resources, genomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics. In order to harness the agricultural importance of Buckwheat, an integrated breeding and OMICS platforms needs to be established that can pave the way for a better understanding of crop biology and developing commercial varieties. This, coupled with the availability of the genome sequences of both Buckwheat species in the public domain, should facilitate the identification of alleles/QTLs and candidate genes. There is a need to further our understanding of the molecular basis of the genetic regulation that controls various economically important traits. The present review focuses on: the food and nutritional importance of Buckwheat, its various omics resources, utilization of omics approaches in understanding Buckwheat biology and, finally, how an integrated platform of breeding and omics will help in developing commercially high yielding nutrient rich cultivars in Buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Majeed Zargar
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Ammarah Hami
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Madhiya Manzoor
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Rakeeb Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
| | - Reetika Mahajan
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Kaiser A Bhat
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Umar Gani
- Plant Sciences and Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Najeebul Rehman Sofi
- MRCFC, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, India
| | - Parvaze A Sofi
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Antonio Masi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals, and Environment, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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Vieites-Álvarez Y, Reigosa MJ, Sánchez-Moreiras AM. A decade of advances in the study of buckwheat for organic farming and agroecology (2013-2023). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1354672. [PMID: 38510443 PMCID: PMC10950947 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1354672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
During the last decade, research has shown the environment and human health benefits of growing buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.). This comprehensive review aims to summarize the major advancements made in the study of buckwheat from 2013 to 2023, focusing on its agronomic characteristics, nutritional value, and potential applications in sustainable agriculture. The review examines the diverse applications of buckwheat in organic and agroecological farming systems, and discusses the ability of buckwheat to control weeds through allelopathy, competition, and other sustainable farming methods, such as crop rotation, intercropping and green manure, while improving soil health and biodiversity. The review also explores the nutritional value of buckwheat. It delves into the composition of buckwheat grains, emphasizing their high protein content, and the presence of essential amino acids and valuable micronutrients, which is linked to health benefits such as lowering cholesterol levels, controlling diabetes and acting against different types of cancer, among others. Finally, the review concludes by highlighting the gaps in current knowledge, and proposing future research directions to further optimize buckwheat production in organic or agroecological farming systems. It emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary collaboration, and the integration of traditional knowledge with modern scientific approaches to unlock the full potential of buckwheat as a sustainable crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yedra Vieites-Álvarez
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencias do Solo, Facultade de Bioloxía, Vigo, Spain
- Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA), Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Manuel J. Reigosa
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencias do Solo, Facultade de Bioloxía, Vigo, Spain
- Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA), Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Adela M. Sánchez-Moreiras
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencias do Solo, Facultade de Bioloxía, Vigo, Spain
- Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA), Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
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Wang L, Zhao J, Mao Y, Liu L, Li C, Wu H, Zhao H, Wu Q. Tartary buckwheat rutin: Accumulation, metabolic pathways, regulation mechanisms, and biofortification strategies. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108503. [PMID: 38484679 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Rutin is a significant flavonoid with strong antioxidant property and various therapeutic effects. It plays a crucial role in disease prevention and human health maintenance, especially in anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective and cardiovascular effects. While many plants can synthesize and accumulate rutin, tartary buckwheat is the only food crop possessing high levels of rutin. At present, the rutin content (RC) is regarded as the key index for evaluating the nutritional quality of tartary buckwheat. Consequently, rutin has become the focus for tartary buckwheat breeders and has made considerable progress. Here, we summarize research on the rutin in tartary buckwheat in the past two decades, including its accumulation, biosynthesis and breakdown pathways, and regulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, we propose several strategies to increase the RC in tartary buckwheat seeds based on current knowledge. This review aims to provide valuable references for elevating the quality of tartary buckwheat in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Jiali Zhao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Yuanbin Mao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Linling Liu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Chenglei Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Huala Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Haixia Zhao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Qi Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, China.
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Hao J, Ge G, Jia Y, Han F, Zhao M, Wang Z. Metabolic profiling provides insights into the accumulation patterns of flavonoids and phenolic acids in different parts of Lactuca indica L. Food Chem X 2023; 20:101012. [PMID: 38144821 PMCID: PMC10739775 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.101012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactuca indica L. contains high amounts of flavonoids and phenolic acids. However, there is limited information on the composition of these compounds in different parts of the plant. The present study analyzed the secondary metabolite profiles of the stem, leaf, flower, and seed of Lactuca indicaL.cv. Mengzao (LIM) using a widely targeted metabolomic approach. A total of 576 secondary metabolites were identified, including 218, 267, 232, 286, 302, and 308 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in the stem_vs_leaf, stem_vs_flower, stem_vs_seed, leaf_vs_flower, leaf_vs_seed, and flower_vs_seed comparisons. In particular, considerable differences were detected in the flavonoids and phenolic acids, five flavonoids, five phenolic acids, one triterpenoid and one alkaloid being differentially accumulated in the four parts. Compared to the stem and flower, the leaf and seed had higher total flavonoid content and total phenolic content. Thses findings provide comprehensive insights into utilizing different parts of LIM in developing functional food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Hao
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Gentu Ge
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Yushan Jia
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Feng Han
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Muqier Zhao
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
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Wang P, Li Q, Wei J, Zeng S, Sun B, Sun W, Ma P. Germplasm Resources and Metabolite Marker Screening of High-Flavonoid Tartary Buckwheat ( Fagopyrum tataricum). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:20131-20145. [PMID: 38063436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat is an annual minor cereal crop with a variety of secondary metabolites, endowing it with a high nutritional and medicinal value. Flavonoids constitute the primary compounds of Tartary buckwheat. Recently, metabolomics, as an adjunct breeding method, has been increasingly employed in crop research. This study explores the correlation between the total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant capacity in 167 Tartary buckwheat varieties. Ten Tartary buckwheat varieties with significant differences in flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity were selected by cluster analysis. With the use of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, 58 flavonoid compounds were identified, namely, 42 flavonols, 10 flavanols, 3 flavanones, 1 isoflavone, 1 anthocyanidin, and 1 proanthocyanidin. Different samples were clearly separated by employing principal component analysis and partial least-squares discriminant analysis. Eight differential flavonoid compounds were further selected through volcano plots and variable importance in projection. Differential metabolites were highly correlated with TFC and antioxidant capacity. Finally, metabolic markers of kaempferol-3-O-hexoside, kaempferol-7-O-glucoside, and naringenin-O-hexoside were determined by the random forest model. The findings provide a basis for the selection and identification of Tartary buckwheat varieties with high flavonoid content and strong antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Agricultural Research Center of China), Changchun 130033, China
| | - Sijia Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Boshi Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Pengda Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Deng J, Wang L, Zhang L, Yang C, Huang J, Zhu L, Chen Q, Meng Z, Cai F, Shi T. Tartary Buckwheat ( Fagopyrum tataricum) FtTT8 Inhibits Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and Promotes Proanthocyanidin Biosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17368. [PMID: 38139196 PMCID: PMC10743629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) is an important plant, utilized for both medicine and food. It has become a current research hotspot due to its rich content of flavonoids, which are beneficial for human health. Anthocyanins (ATs) and proanthocyanidins (PAs) are the two main kinds of flavonoid compounds in Tartary buckwheat, which participate in the pigmentation of some tissue as well as rendering resistance to many biotic and abiotic stresses. Additionally, Tartary buckwheat anthocyanins and PAs have many health benefits for humans and the plant itself. However, little is known about the regulation mechanism of the biosynthesis of anthocyanin and PA in Tartary buckwheat. In the present study, a bHLH transcription factor (TF) FtTT8 was characterized to be homologous with AtTT8 and phylogenetically close to bHLH proteins from other plant species. Subcellular location and yeast two-hybrid assays suggested that FtTT8 locates in the nucleus and plays a role as a transcription factor. Complementation analysis in Arabidopsis tt8 mutant showed that FtTT8 could not recover anthocyanin deficiency but could promote PAs accumulation. Overexpression of FtTT8 in red-flowering tobacco showed that FtTT8 inhibits anthocyanin biosynthesis and accelerates proanthocyanidin biosynthesis. QRT-PCR and yeast one-hybrid assay revealed that FtTT8 might bind to the promoter of NtUFGT and suppress its expression, while binding to the promoter of NtLAR and upregulating its expression in K326 tobacco. This displayed the bidirectional regulating function of FtTT8 that negatively regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis and positively regulates proanthocyanidin biosynthesis. The results provide new insights on TT8 in Tartary buckwheat, which is inconsistent with TT8 from other plant species, and FtTT8 might be a high-quality gene resource for Tartary buckwheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Taoxiong Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.D.); (L.W.); (L.Z.); (C.Y.); (J.H.); (L.Z.); (Q.C.); (Z.M.); (F.C.)
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Liu L, Fang X, Ren S, Jia R, Liu Q, Liu H, Xiu L, Yaqoob S, Cai D, Liu J. Targeted metabolic reveals different part of maize in polyphenolic metabolites during germination and hypoglycemic activity analysis. Food Chem X 2023; 19:100848. [PMID: 37780325 PMCID: PMC10534241 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, qualitative and quantitative analyses of phenolic compounds in the maize germinating seed embryo, radicle, and germ were performed at 0, 48, and 96 h post-germination, followed by the evaluation of their hypoglycemic activity. The results revealed the accumulation of 80 phenolics in different parts of germinated maize, of which 47, 48, and 53 were present in the seed embryo, radicle, and germ. After germination 22, 26, and 34 polyphenols were found to differential accumulate in the seed embryo, radicle, and germ. At 96 h post-germination, the content of monomeric phenols in the germ was higher than that in the radicle and seed embryo. Moreover, the inhibitory activity of polyphenols in the germ towards α-glucosidase and α-amylase was higher than that in the radicle and seed embryo. These results indicate that germination can effectively improve the type and content of phenolic compounds in different parts of maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiaomin Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shida Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Rui Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Qiannan Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Lin Xiu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Sanabil Yaqoob
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Dan Cai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jingsheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
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Li C, Gao Z, Hu W, Zhu X, Li Y, Li N, Ma C. Integration of comparative transcriptomics and WGCNA characterizes the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in mung bean ( Vigna radiata L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1251464. [PMID: 37941672 PMCID: PMC10628539 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1251464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Mung bean is a dual-use crop widely cultivated in Southeast Asia as a food and medicine resource. The development of new functional mung bean varieties demands identifying new genes regulating anthocyanidin synthesis and investigating their molecular mechanism. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing technology to generate transcriptome sequence of leaves, petioles, and hypocotyls for investigating the anthocyanins accumulation in common mung bean variety as well as anthocyanidin rich mung bean variety, and to elucidate their molecular mechanisms. 29 kinds of anthocyanin compounds were identified. Most of the anthocyanin components contents were significantly higher in ZL23 compare with AL12. Transcriptome analysis suggested that a total of 93 structural genes encoding the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway and 273 regulatory genes encoding the ternary complex of MYB-bHLH-WD40 were identified, of which 26 and 78 were differentially expressed in the two varieties. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed that VrMYB3 and VrMYB90 might have enhanced mung bean anthocyanin content by inducing the expression of structural genes such as PAL, 4CL, F3'5'H, LDOX, and F3'H, which was consistent with qRT-PCR results. These findings are envisaged to provide a reference for studying the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation in mung beans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Li
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Dry-land Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Center in Henan, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Zexiang Gao
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Dry-land Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Center in Henan, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Weili Hu
- Crop Breeding Research Center, Nanyang Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- Crop Breeding Research Center, Nanyang Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Youjun Li
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Dry-land Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Center in Henan, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Dry-land Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Center in Henan, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Chao Ma
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Dry-land Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Center in Henan, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
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Wang C, Wu D, Jiang L, Liu X, Xie T. Multi-Omics Elucidates Difference in Accumulation of Bioactive Constituents in Licorice ( Glycyrrhiza uralensis) under Drought Stress. Molecules 2023; 28:7042. [PMID: 37894521 PMCID: PMC10609028 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Licorice is a frequently applied herb with potential edible and medicinal value based on various flavonoids and triterpenes. However, studies on detailed flavonoid and triterpene metabolism and the molecular basis of their biosynthesis in licorice are very limited, especially under drought conditions. In the present study, we carried out transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome experiments. To ultimately combine three omics for analysis, we performed a bioinformatics comparison, integrating transcriptome data and proteome data through a Cloud platform, along with a simplified biosynthesis of primary flavonoids and triterpenoids in the KEGG pathway based on metabolomic results. The biosynthesis pathways of triterpenes and flavonoids are enriched at both gene and protein levels. Key flavonoid-related genes (PAL, 4CL, CHS, CHI, CYP93C, HIDH, HI4OMT, and CYP81E1_7) and representative proteins (HIDH, CYP81E1_7, CYP93C, and VR) were obtained, which all showed high levels after drought treatment. Notably, one R2R3-MYB transcription factor (Glyur000237s00014382.1), a critical regulator of flavonoid biosynthesis, achieved a significant upregulated expression as well. In the biosynthesis of glycyrrhizin, both gene and protein levels of bAS and CYP88D6 have been found with upregulated expression under drought conditions. Most of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and proteins (DEPs) showed similar expression patterns and positively related to metabolic profiles of flavonoid and saponin. We believe that suitable drought stress may contribute to the accumulation of bioactive constituents in licorice, and our research provides an insight into the genetic study and quality breeding in this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224000, China; (D.W.); (L.J.); (T.X.)
| | - Dawei Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224000, China; (D.W.); (L.J.); (T.X.)
| | - Liying Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224000, China; (D.W.); (L.J.); (T.X.)
| | - Xunhong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tiantian Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224000, China; (D.W.); (L.J.); (T.X.)
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Cheng X, Li D, Jiang Z, Qu C, Yan H, Wu Q. Metabolite profiling and transcriptomic analyses demonstrate the effects of biocontrol agents on alkaloid accumulation in Fritillaria thunbergii. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:435. [PMID: 37723471 PMCID: PMC10506312 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04459-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During Fritillaria thunbergii planting, pests and diseases usually invade the plant, resulting in reduced yield and quality. Previous studies have demonstrated that using biocontrol agents can effectively control grubs and affect the steroid alkaloids content in F. thunbergii. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the differences in the accumulation of steroid alkaloids in response to biocontrol agents remain unclear. RESULTS Combined transcriptomic and metabolic analyses were performed by treating the bulbs of F. thunbergii treated with biocontrol agents during planting. Otherwise, 48 alkaloids including 32 steroid alkaloids, 6 indole alkaloids, 2 scopolamine-type alkaloids, 1 isoquinoline alkaloid, 1 furoquinoline alkaloid, and 6 other alkaloids were identified. The content of steroidal alkaloids particularly peimine, peiminine, and veratramine, increased significantly in the group treated with the biocontrol agents. Transcriptome sequencing identified 929 differential genes using biocontrol agents, including 589 upregulated and 340 downregulated genes. Putative biosynthesis networks of steroid alkaloids have been established and combined with differentially expressed structural unigenes, such as acetyl-CoA C-acetyl-transferase, acelyl-CoAC-acetyltransferase3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductor-isomerase, 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase and 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase. In addition, biological processes such as amino acid accumulation and oxidative phosphorylation were predicted to be related to the synthesis of steroid alkaloids. Cytochrome P450 enzymes also play crucial roles in the steroid alkaloid synthesis. The transcription factor families MYB and bHLH were significantly upregulated after using biocontrol agents. CONCLUSIONS Biocontrol agents increased the steroid alkaloids accumulation of steroid alkaloids by affecting key enzymes in the steroid alkaloid synthesis pathway, biological processes of oxidative phosphorylation and amino acid synthesis, cytochrome P450 enzymes, and transcription factors. This study revealed the mechanism underlying the difference in steroidal alkaloids in F. thunbergii after using biocontrol agents, laying the groundwork for future industrial production of steroid alkaloids and ecological planting of medicinal materials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Dishuai Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Qu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China.
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Hui Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinan Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China.
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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11
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Chai Y, Yu Y, Zhu H, Li Z, Dong H, Yang H. Identification of common buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) adulterated in Tartary buckwheat ( Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn) flour based on near-infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 7:100573. [PMID: 37650007 PMCID: PMC10463190 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) presents great potential in the identification of food adulteration due to its advantages of nondestructive, simple, and easy to operate. In this paper, a method based on NIRS and chemometrics was proposed to predict the content of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) flour in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn) flour. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) and support vector regression (SVR) models were used to analyze the spectrum data of adulterated samples and predict the adulteration level. Various preprocessing methods, parameter-optimization methods, and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) wavelength-selection methods were used to optimize the model prediction accuracy. The results of PLSR and SVR modeling for predicting of Tartary buckwheat adulteration content were satisfactory, and the correlation coefficients of the optimum identification models were above 0.99. In conclusion, the combinations of NIRS and chemometrics indicated excellent predictive performance and applicability to analyze the adulteration of common buckwheat flour in Tartary buckwheat flour. This work provides a promising method to identify the adulteration of Tartary buckwheat flour and results obtained can give theoretical and data support for adulteration identification of agro-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Chai
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China
| | - Yue Yu
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China
| | - Zhanming Li
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China
- Liyang Tianmu Lake Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Liyang, 213333, China
| | - Hao Dong
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Hongshun Yang
- Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Traditional Fermentation Food and Human Health, Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Zhejiang, 312000, China
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12
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Sun W, Chen Y, Zeng J, Li C, Yao M, Liu M, Ma Z, Huang L, Yan J, Zhan J, Chen H, Bu T, Tang Z, Li Q, Wu Q, Hou J, Huang Y. The Tartary buckwheat bHLH gene ALCATRAZ enables Arabidopsis thaliana silique dehiscence. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023:111733. [PMID: 37211220 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat is popular because of its rich nutrients. However, the difficulty in shelling restricts food production. The gene ALCATRAZ (AtALC) plays a key role in silique dehiscence in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, an atalc mutant was obtained by CRISPR/Cas9, and a FtALC gene homologous to AtALC was complemented into the atalc mutant to verify its function. Phenotypic observations showed that three atalc mutant lines did not dehiscence, while ComFtALC lines recovered the dehiscence phenotype. The contents of lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin in the siliques of all the atalc mutant lines were significantly higher than those in the wild-type and ComFtALC lines. Moreover, FtALC was found to regulate the expression of cell wall pathway genes. Finally, the interaction of FtALC with FtSHP and FtIND was verified by yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescent complimentary (BIFC) and firefly luciferase completion imaging assays (LCIs). Our findings enrich the silique regulatory network and lay the foundation for the cultivation of easily shelled tartary buckwheat varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Sun
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Jing Zeng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Chenglei Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Min Yao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Moyang Liu
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Zhaotang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases and Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Li Huang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Jun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China.
| | - Junyi Zhan
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210032, China.
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Tongliang Bu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Zizong Tang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Qingfeng Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Qi Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Jingfei Hou
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Yulin Huang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
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13
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Ma C, Feng Y, Zhou S, Zhang J, Guo B, Xiong Y, Wu S, Li Y, Li Y, Li C. Metabolomics and transcriptomics provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of anthocyanin accumulation in the seed coat of differently colored mung bean (Vigna radiata L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 200:107739. [PMID: 37196373 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Black mung bean is rich in anthocyanin, however, the accumulation and the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin synthesis in black mung bean are unclear. In this study, anthocyanin metabolomics and transcriptomics on the seed coats of two different colors of mung bean were performed to clarify the composition of anthocyanins, and identify transcription factors involved in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis. In the mature stage, 23 kinds of anthocyanin compounds were identified. All anthocyanin components contents were significantly higher in seed coat of black mung bean compare with green mung bean. Transcriptome analysis suggested that most of the structural genes for anthocyanin biosynthesis and some potential regulatory genes were significantly differentially expressed. WGCNA suggested VrMYB90 was an important regulatory gene in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing VrMYB90 showed significant accumulation of anthocyanins. PAL, 4CL, DFR, F3'5'H, LDOX, F3'H and UFGT were up-regulated in 35S:VrMYB90 Arabidopsis thaliana. These findings provide valuable information for understanding the synthesis mechanism of anthocyanins in black mung bean seed coats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China.
| | - Yalan Feng
- College of Life Science, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Binbin Guo
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Shanwei Wu
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Ying Li
- Journal Editorial Department, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Youjun Li
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Chunxia Li
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China.
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14
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Deng J, Su M, Zhang X, Liu X, Damaris RN, Lv S, Yang P. Proteomic and metabolomic analyses showing the differentially accumulation of NnUFGT2 is involved in the petal red-white bicolor pigmentation in lotus (Nelumbo nucifera). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 198:107675. [PMID: 37043997 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Bicolor flower lotus is rare with high ornamental value. During the long history of breeding and artificial selection, a very famous lotus cultivar 'Da Sajin' with red and white picotee bicolor petals were obtained. In order to reveal the mechanism underlying the formation of its picotee bicolor pattern in the petal, an integrative metabolomics and proteomics analyses were conducted between red and white parts of its petals. The results showed that the defect of anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferases (UFGTs) accumulation resulted in the failure of the glycosylation of anthocyanidin, the last step of anthocyanin biosynthesis in white part of the petals. And proteomic data and biochemical analysis showed that the defect of UFGTs accumulation is not related to their transcription, but because of their degradation. Function of one differentially accumulated NnUFGT were proven being involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis through both in-vitro enzyme assay and in-vivo transgenic analyses. This regulation on the protein accumulation of structural genes in anthocyanin biosynthesis was not explored in any other plants, and hence supposed to be a novel mechanism for the formation of picotee bicolor pattern flower. The results not only provide some new insights into the understanding of lotus flower coloration, but also might assist the breeding of flower lotus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430026, China; Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China.
| | - Mengyue Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430026, China.
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430026, China.
| | - Xuelian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430026, China.
| | | | - Shiyou Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430026, China.
| | - Pingfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430026, China.
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15
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Kreft I, Golob A, Vombergar B, Germ M. Tartary Buckwheat Grain as a Source of Bioactive Compounds in Husked Groats. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1122. [PMID: 36903982 PMCID: PMC10005392 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) originates in mountain regions of Western China, and is cultivated in China, Bhutan, Northern India, Nepal, and Central Europe. The content of flavonoids in Tartary buckwheat grain and groats is much higher than in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), and depends on ecological conditions, such as UV-B radiation. Buckwheat intake has preventative effects in chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and obesity, due to its content of bioactive substances. The main bioactive compounds in Tartary buckwheat groats are flavonoids (rutin and quercetin). There are differences in the bioactivities of buckwheat groats obtained using different husking technologies, based on husking raw or pretreated grain. Husking hydrothermally pretreated grain is among the traditional ways of consuming buckwheat in Europe and some parts of China and Japan. During hydrothermal and other processing of Tartary buckwheat grain, a part of rutin is transformed to quercetin, the degradation product of rutin. By adjusting the humidity of materials and the processing temperature, it is possible to regulate the degree of conversion of rutin to quercetin. Rutin is degraded to quercetin in Tartary buckwheat grain due to the enzyme rutinosidase. The high-temperature treatment of wet Tartary buckwheat grain is able to prevent the transformation of rutin to quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kreft
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Nutrition Institute, Tržaška 40, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleksandra Golob
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Blanka Vombergar
- The Education Centre Piramida Maribor, Park mladih 3, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Germ
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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16
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Xiong Y, Ma P, Huang L, Li Y, Wang X. Widely targeted metabolomics analysis of different parts of kudzu. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5545. [PMID: 36353775 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pueraria lobata is a traditional medicinal and edible plant. Its root is often used as a nutritional supplement, but its stems and leaves are often discarded. In this study, the types and contents of compounds in roots, stems and leaves of kudzu were studied by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 446 metabolites were identified, which were mainly divided into eight categories; 40 unique compounds were detected in roots. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences in the contents of metabolites in the roots, stems and leaves of kudzu, and the most significant differences were found in the roots and stems. Most flavonoids and terpenoids accumulated in roots, while alkaloids, flavonoid glycosides, lignans and coumarins accumulated in stems and leaves. In addition, isoflavones accumulated least in stems and most in roots. These results improved our understanding of the accumulation of metabolites in kudzu and provided a reference for the full study of the medicinal value of different parts of kudzu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xiong
- Guizhou Institute of Pratacultural, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Peijie Ma
- Guizhou Institute of Pratacultural, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Limei Huang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yajiao Li
- Guizhou Institute of Pratacultural, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Guizhou Institute of Pratacultural, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
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17
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Jia K, Zhang X, Meng Y, Liu S, Liu X, Yang T, Wen C, Liu L, Ge S. Metabolomics and transcriptomics provide insights into the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in the roots of developing Aster tataricus. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2023; 136:139-156. [PMID: 36520245 PMCID: PMC9753034 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-022-01426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aster tataricus (L.) is an important medicinal plant in China. Its roots are rich in flavonoids, the main medicinal components. However, the molecular basis of flavonoid biosynthesis in the roots of A. tataricus remains unclear. In this study, the content of total flavonoid of A. tataricus roots at different developmental stages was measured first, and the results showed that the content of total flavonoid gradually decreased from September to November, which may be caused by the stagnation of A. tataricus growth due to the decrease in temperature after September. Then, an integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolome was conducted on five developing stages of A. tataricus roots to identify flavonoid compositions and potential genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis. A total of 80 flavonoid metabolites, of which 75% were flavonols and flavonoids, were identified in metabolomic analyses, among which isorhamnetin, kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin were the main skeletons of these flavonoids. Cluster analysis divided these 80 flavonoids into 3 clusters. The compounds in cluster I mainly accumulated in S1, S3, and S5. In cluster II, the relative content of the flavonoid metabolites showed an upward trend from S2 to S4. In cluster III, the flavonoids decreased from S1 to S5. A total of 129 structural genes, including 43 PAL, 23 4CL, 9 C4H, 4 CHS, 18 CHI, 3 F3H, 5 F3'H, 1 F3'5'H, 21 FLS, and 2 FSII, and 65 transcription factors, including 22 AP2/ERF, 7 bHLH, 5 bZIP, 8 MYB, 11 NAC, and 12 WRKY, showed significant correlation with total flavonoid content. Eighteen genes (7 4CL, 5 C4H, 2 CHI, 1 F3H, and 3 FLS) and 30 genes (5 PAL, 9 4CL, 1 C4H, 2 CHI, 1 F3H, 1 DFR, 7 3AT, 1 BZ1, and 3 UGT79B1) were identified as key structural genes for kaempferol and anthocyanins biosynthesis, respectively. Our study provides valuable information for understanding the mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis in A. tataricus root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Jia
- College of Agronomy, West Campus of Hebei Agricultural University, Lianchi District, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources Research and Utilization in North China, Ministry of Education, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- College of Agronomy, West Campus of Hebei Agricultural University, Lianchi District, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources Research and Utilization in North China, Ministry of Education, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Yijiang Meng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources Research and Utilization in North China, Ministry of Education, Baoding, 071000, China
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Shuqi Liu
- College of Agronomy, West Campus of Hebei Agricultural University, Lianchi District, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources Research and Utilization in North China, Ministry of Education, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- College of Agronomy, West Campus of Hebei Agricultural University, Lianchi District, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources Research and Utilization in North China, Ministry of Education, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Taixin Yang
- College of Agronomy, West Campus of Hebei Agricultural University, Lianchi District, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources Research and Utilization in North China, Ministry of Education, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Chunxiu Wen
- Institute of Cash Crops, Medicinal Plant Research Center West of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Nongke Road, Xiyuan Street, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Lingdi Liu
- Institute of Cash Crops, Medicinal Plant Research Center West of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Nongke Road, Xiyuan Street, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
| | - Shujun Ge
- College of Agronomy, West Campus of Hebei Agricultural University, Lianchi District, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources Research and Utilization in North China, Ministry of Education, Baoding, 071000, China.
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18
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Huang S, Wang L, Wang Z, Yang G, Xiang X, An Y, Kan J. Multiomics strategy reveals the accumulation and biosynthesis of bitter components in Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb. et Zucc. Food Res Int 2022; 162:111964. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Wang F, Chen L, Chen H, Yan Z, Liu Y. Discovery of the key active compounds in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium ( Citrus reticulata "Chachi") and their therapeutic potential for the treatment of COVID-19 based on comparative metabolomics and network pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1048926. [PMID: 36506534 PMCID: PMC9727096 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1048926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible herbal medicines contain macro- and micronutrients and active metabolites that can take part in biochemical processes to help achieve or maintain a state of well-being. Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) is an edible and medicinal herb used as a component of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) approach to treating COVID-19 in China. However, the material basis and related mechanistic research regarding this herb for the treatment of COVID-19 are still unclear. First, a wide-targeted UPLC-ESI-MS/MS-based comparative metabolomics analysis was conducted to screen for the active metabolites of CRP. Second, network pharmacology was used to uncover the initial linkages among these metabolites, their possible targets, and COVID-19. Each metabolite was then further studied via molecular docking with the identified potential SARS-CoV-2 targets 3CL hydrolase, host cell target angiotensin-converting enzyme II, spike protein, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Finally, the most potential small molecule compound was verified by in vitro and in vivo experiments, and the mechanism of its treatment of COVID-19 was further explored. In total, 399 metabolites were identified and nine upregulated differential metabolites were screened out as potential key active metabolites, among which isorhamnetin have anti-inflammatory activity in vitro validation assays. In addition, the molecular docking results also showed that isorhamnetin had a good binding ability with the key targets of COVID-19. Furthermore, in vivo results showed that isorhamnetin could significantly reduced the lung pathological injury and inflammatory injury by regulating ATK1, EGFR, MAPK8, and MAPK14 to involve in TNF signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signalling pathway, and T cell receptor signaling pathway. Our results indicated that isorhamnetin, as screened from CRP, may have great potential for use in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. This study has also demonstrated that comparative metabolomics combined with network pharmacology strategy could be used as an effective approach for discovering potential compounds in herbal medicines that are effective against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhuyun Yan
- *Correspondence: Zhuyun Yan, ; Youping Liu,
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20
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Deng J, Zhao J, Huang J, Damaris RN, Li H, Shi T, Zhu L, Cai F, Zhang X, Chen Q. Comparative proteomic analyses of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) seeds at three stages of development. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 22:1449-1458. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00912-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat is among the valuable crops, utilized as both food and Chinese herbal medicine. To uncover the accumulation dynamics of the main nutrients and their regulatory mechanism of Tartary buckwheat seeds, microscopic observations and nutrient analysis were conducted which suggested that starch, proteins as well as flavonoid gradually accumulated among seed development. Comparative proteomic analysis of rice Tartary buckwheat at three different developmental stages was performed. A total of 78 protein spots showed differential expression with 74 of them being successfully identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. Among them, granule bound starch synthase (GBSS1) might be the critical enzyme that determines starch biosynthesis, while 11 S seed storage protein and vicilin seemed to be the main globulin and affect seed storage protein accumulation in Tartary buckwheat seeds. Two enzymes, flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) and anthocyanidin reductase (ANR), involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were identified. Further analysis on the expression profiles of flavonoid biosynthetic genes revealed that F3H might be the key enzyme that promote flavonoid accumulation. This study provides insights into the mechanism of nutrition accumulation at the protein level in Tartary buckwheat seeds and may facilitate in the breeding and enhancement of Tartary buckwheat germplasm.
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21
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Wu Y, Wu S, Shi Y, Jiang L, Yang J, Wang X, Zhu K, Zhang H, Zhang J. Integrated metabolite profiling and transcriptome analysis reveal candidate genes involved in the formation of yellow Nelumbo nucifera. Genomics 2022; 114:110513. [PMID: 36309147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
As a worldwide major ornamental flower and a edible plant, lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is also used as medicine and tea beverage. Here, transcriptome and metabolites of yellow (MLQS) and white (YGB) lotus cultivars during five key flower coloration stages were profiled. 2014 differentially expressed genes were detected with 11 carotenoids in lotus were identified for the first time. Then, regulatory networks between and within functional modules was reconstructed, and the correlation between module-metabolites and gene-metabolites was conducted within 3 core modules. 18 candidate genes related to the formation of yellow flower were screened out and a gene regulatory model for the flower color difference between MLQS and YGB were speculated as follows: The substrate competition between F3'H and F3'5'H and substrate specificity of FLS, together with differential expression of CCD4a and CCD4b were contribute to the differences in flavonoids and carotenoids. Besides, UGT73C2, UGT91C1-2 and SGTase, and regulation of UGTs by transcription factors PLATZ, MADS, NAC031, and MYB308 may also play a role in the upstream regulation. The following verification results indicated that functional differences existed in the coding sequences of NnCCD4b and promoters of NnCCD4a of MLQS and YGB. In all, this study preliminarily reveals the mechanism of yellow flower coloration in lotus and provides new ideas for the study of complex ornamental characters of other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Sihui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Yan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Libo Jiang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China.
| | - Juxiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Xueqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Kaijie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
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Wang Y, Zhang M, Dong K, Yin X, Hao C, Zhang W, Irfan M, Chen L, Wang Y. Metabolomic and transcriptomic exploration of the uric acid-reducing flavonoids biosynthetic pathways in the fruit of Actinidia arguta Sieb. Zucc. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1025317. [PMID: 36388584 PMCID: PMC9647161 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1025317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids from Actinidia arguta Sieb. Zucc. can reduce uric acid in mice. However, the molecular basis of its biosynthesis is still unclear. In this paper, we used a combination of extensively targeted metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis to determine the types and differences of flavonoids in the fruit ripening period (August to September) of two main cultivated varieties in northern China. The ethanol extract was prepared, and the potential flavonoids of Chrysin (Flavone1), Rutin (Flavone2), and Daidzein (Flavone3) in Actinidia arguta Sieb. Zucc. were separated and purified by HPD600 macroporous adsorption resin and preparative liquid chromatography. The structure was identified by MS-HPLC, and the serum uric acid index of male Kunming mice was determined by an animal model test.125 flavonoids and 50 differentially regulated genes were identified. The contents of UA (uric acid), BUN (urea nitrogen), Cr (creatinine), and GAPDH in mouse serum and mouse liver glycogen decreased or increased in varying degrees. This paper reveals the biosynthetic pathway of uric acid-reducing flavonoids in the fruit of Actinidia arguta Sieb. Zucc., a major cultivar in northern China, provides valuable information for the development of food and drug homologous functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biotechnology, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biotechnology, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kuiling Dong
- Oriental Language Institute, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Xiaojuan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biotechnology, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunhui Hao
- Pet Medicine Teaching and Research Office, Liaoning Agricultural College, Yingkou, China
| | - Wenge Zhang
- Biochemistry Teaching and Research Office, Anshan Health School, Anshan, China
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Lijing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biotechnology, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Liaoning University of Science and Technology, Anshan, China
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Fallah N, Pang Z, Dong F, Zhou Y, Lin W, Fabrice KMA, Hu C, Yuan Z. Niche differentiation modulates metabolites abundance and composition in silicon fertilizer amended soil during sugarcane growth. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:497. [PMID: 36280810 PMCID: PMC9590199 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03880-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As one of the vital crops globally, sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) has been one of model crops for conducting metabolome research. Although many studies have focused on understanding bioactive components in specific sugarcane tissues, crucial questions have been left unanswered about the response of metabolites to niche differentiation such as different sugarcane tissues (leaf, stem and root), and soil regions (rhizosphere and bulk) under silicon (Si) amended soils. Here, nontargeted metabolite profiling method was leveraged to assess the similarities and differences in the abundance and community composition of metabolites in the different sugarcane and soil compartments. Identify the compartment-specific expression patterns of metabolites, and their association with cane agronomic traits and edaphic factors. We also investigated the response of sugarcane agronomic traits and edaphic factors to Si amended soil. RESULTS We found that Si fertilizer exhibited the advantages of overwhelmingly promoting the height and theoretical production of cane, and profoundly increased soil Si content by 24.8 and 27.0%, while soil available potassium (AK) was enhanced by 3.07 and 2.67 folds in the bulk and rhizosphere soils, respectively. It was also noticed that available phosphorus (AP) in the rhizosphere soil tremendously increased by 105.5%. We detected 339 metabolites in 30 samples using LC-MS/MS analyses, 161 of which were classified and annotated, including organooxygen compounds (19.9%), carboxylic acids and derivatives (15.5%), fatty acyls (15.5%), flavonoids (4.4%), phenols (4.4%), and benzene and substituted derivatives (3.7%). In addition, the total percentages covered by these core metabolites in each compartment ranged from 94.0% (bulk soil) to 93.4% (rhizosphere soil), followed by 87.4% (leaf), 81.0% (root) and 80.5% (stem), suggesting that these bioactive compounds may have migrated from the belowground tissues and gradually filtered in various aboveground niches of the plant. We also observed that the variations and enrichment of metabolites abundance and community were compartment-specific. Furthermore, some key bioactive compounds were markedly associated with plant growth parameters and soil edaphic. CONCLUSION Taken together, we hypothesized that Si utilization can exhibit the advantage of enhancing edaphic factors and cane agronomic traits, and variations in metabolites community are tissue-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyumah Fallah
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- College of Agricultural, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ziqin Pang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- College of Agricultural, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Fei Dong
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongmei Zhou
- College of Agricultural, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- College of Agricultural, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Kabore Manegdebwaoga Arthur Fabrice
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Chaohua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- College of Agricultural, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhaonian Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- College of Agricultural, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center of Sugar Industry, Nanning, 530000, China.
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Zhang F, Li X, Wu Q, Lu P, Kang Q, Zhao M, Wang A, Dong Q, Sun M, Yang Z, Gao Z. Selenium Application Enhances the Accumulation of Flavones and Anthocyanins in Bread Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Grains. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:13431-13444. [PMID: 36198089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) biofortification in wheat reduces the risk of Se deficiency in humans. Se biofortification increases the concentration of Se and anthocyanins in wheat grains. However, it is unknown whether Se biofortification can enhance flavonoids other than anthocyanins and the mechanism underlying flavonoid accumulation in wheat grains. Here, foliar application of selenite solution in wheat was conducted 10 days after flowering. Metabolite profiling and transcriptome sequencing were performed in Se-treated grains. A significant increase in the total contents of Se, anthocyanins, and flavonoids was observed in Se-treated mature grains. Twenty-seven significantly increased flavonoids were identified in Se-treated immature grains. The significant accumulation of flavones (tricin, tricin derivatives, and chrysoeriol derivatives) was detected, and six anthocyanins, dihydroquercetin (the precursor for anthocyanin biosynthesis) and catechins were also increased. Integrated analysis of metabolites and transcriptome revealed that Se application enhanced the biosynthesis of flavones, dihydroquercetin, anthocyanins, and catechins by increasing the expression levels of seven key structural genes in flavonoid biosynthesis (two TaF3Hs, two TaDFRs, one TaF3'5'H, one TaOMT, and one TaANR). Our findings shed new light on the molecular mechanism underlying the enhancement in flavonoid accumulation by Se supplementation and pave the way for further enhancing the nutritional value of wheat grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjie Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Xueyin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Qiangqiang Wu
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Ping Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Qingfang Kang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Mengyao Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Aiping Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Qi Dong
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Min Sun
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Zhenping Yang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
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Lv L, Chen X, Li H, Huang J, Liu Y, Zhao A. Different adaptive patterns of wheat with different drought tolerance under drought stresses and rehydration revealed by integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1008624. [PMID: 36311061 PMCID: PMC9608176 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1008624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Wheat as a staple food crop is enduring ever-frequent intermittent and changing drought with the climate change. It is of great significance to highlight the adaptive approaches under such variable conditions at multiple levels to provide a comprehensive understanding of drought tolerance and facilitate the genetic breeding of wheat. Therefore, three wheat lines with different drought tolerance (drought-tolerant mutant Mu > common wheat CK > drought susceptible mutant mu) were analyzed under moderate and severe drought stresses as well as rehydration. Samples were subjected to transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling in combination with physiological and biochemical determination. The moderate drought stress rendered 198 and 115 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) in CK and Mu, respectively. The severe drought stress rendered 166, 151 and 137 DEMs in CK, Mu and mu, respectively. The rehydration rendered 150 and 127 DEMs in CK and Mu. 12,557 and 10,402 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified for CK and Mu under moderate drought stress, respectively. 9,893, 7,924, and 9,387 DEGs were identified for CK, Mu, and mu under severe drought stress, respectively. 13,874 and 14,839 were identified in CK and Mu under rehydration, respectively. Metabolomics results showed that amino acid was the most differentially expressed metabolites, followed by phenolic acids. Flavonoids played an important role in drought tolerance. Most enriched pathways under drought included biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, metabolic pathways and photosynthesis. Metabolites and genes involved in osmotic regulation, antioxidase activities, and ABA signaling were more enriched in Mu than in CK and mu. Various drought-responsive genes and metabolites in Mu showed different trends with those in CK and mu. Increased amino acids biosynthetic capability and ROS scavenging ability resulted from higher antioxidase activities and increased flavonoids may be the mechanisms underlying the drought tolerance characteristic of Mu. Recovery from reversible ROS damage and rapid amino acid biosynthesis may contribute to the rapid recovery of Mu. The present study provides new insights for mechanisms of wheat under complex drought conditions.
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Meng HL, Sun PY, Wang JR, Sun XQ, Zheng CZ, Fan T, Chen QF, Li HY. Comparative physiological, transcriptomic, and WGCNA analyses reveal the key genes and regulatory pathways associated with drought tolerance in Tartary buckwheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:985088. [PMID: 36262653 PMCID: PMC9575659 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.985088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the major abiotic stress factors that affect plant growth and crop productivity. Tartary buckwheat is a nutritionally balanced and flavonoid-rich pseudocereal crop and also has strong adaptability to different adverse environments including drought. However, little is known about its drought tolerance mechanism. In this study, we performed comparative physiological and transcriptomic analyses of two contrasting drought-resistant Tartary buckwheat genotypes under nature drought treatment in the reproductive stage. Under drought stress, the drought-tolerant genotype XZSN had significantly higher contents of relative water, proline, and soluble sugar, as well as lower relative electrolyte leakage in the leaves than the drought-susceptible LK3. A total of 5,058 (2,165 upregulated and 2,893 downregulated) and 5,182 (2,358 upregulated and 2,824 downregulated) potential drought-responsive genes were identified in XZSN and LK3 by transcriptome sequencing analysis, respectively. Among the potential drought-responsive genes of XZSN, 1,206 and 1,274 genes were identified to be potential positive and negative contributors for XZSN having higher drought resistance ability than LK3. Furthermore, 851 out of 1,206 positive drought-resistant genes were further identified to be the core drought-resistant genes of XZSN based on WGCNA analysis, and most of them were induced earlier and quicker by drought stress than those in LK3. Functional annotation of the 851 core drought-resistant genes found that a large number of stress-responsive genes were involved in TFs, abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis, signal transduction and response, non-ABA signal molecule biosynthesis, water holding, oxygen species scavenging, osmotic adjustment, cell damage prevention, and so on. Transcriptional regulatory network analyses identified the potential regulators of these drought-resistant functional genes and found that the HD-ZIP and MYB TFs might be the key downstream TFs of drought resistance in Tartary buckwheat. Taken together, these results indicated that the XZSN genotype was more drought-tolerant than the LK3 genotype as evidenced by triggering the rapid and dramatic transcriptional reprogramming of drought-resistant genes to reduce water loss, prevent cell damage, and so on. This research expands our current understanding of the drought tolerance mechanisms of Tartary buckwheat and provides important information for its further drought resistance research and variety breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Ling Meng
- Key Laboratory of High-Quality Crops Cultivation and Safety Control of Yunnan Province, Honghe University, Honghe, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Sun
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- College of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jia-Rui Wang
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- College of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Sun
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chuan-Zhi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of High-Quality Crops Cultivation and Safety Control of Yunnan Province, Honghe University, Honghe, China
| | - Ting Fan
- Key Laboratory of High-Quality Crops Cultivation and Safety Control of Yunnan Province, Honghe University, Honghe, China
| | - Qing-Fu Chen
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong-You Li
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region of Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Integrative Analysis of the Metabolome and Transcriptome Provides Insights into the Mechanisms of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Quinoa Seeds at Different Developmental Stages. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100887. [PMID: 36295789 PMCID: PMC9609036 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a crop with high nutritional and health benefits. Quinoa seeds are rich in flavonoid compounds; however, the mechanisms behind quinoa flavonoid biosynthesis remain unclear. We independently selected the high-generation quinoa strain ‘Dianli-3260′, and used its seeds at the filling, milk ripening, wax ripening, and mature stages for extensive targeted metabolome analysis combined with joint transcriptome analysis. The results showed that the molecular mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis in quinoa seeds was mainly concentrated in two pathways: “flavonoid biosynthesis pathway” and “flavone and flavonol biosynthesis pathway”. Totally, 154 flavonoid-related metabolites, mainly flavones and flavonols, were detected in the four development stages. Moreover, 39,738 genes were annotated with KEGG functions, and most structural genes of flavonoid biosynthesis were differentially expressed during grain development. We analyzed the differential flavonoid metabolites and transcriptome changes between the four development stages of quinoa seeds and found that 11 differential flavonoid metabolites and 22 differential genes were the key factors for the difference in flavonoid biosynthesis. This study provides important information on the mechanisms underlying quinoa flavonoid biosynthesis, the screening of potential quinoa flavonoid biosynthesis regulation target genes, and the development of quinoa products.
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Xing A, Wang X, Nazir MF, Zhang X, Wang X, Yang R, Chen B, Fu G, Wang J, Ge H, Peng Z, Jia Y, He S, Du X. Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling of flavonoid biosynthesis provides novel insights into petals coloration in Asian cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:416. [PMID: 36038835 PMCID: PMC9425979 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03800-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asian cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.), as a precious germplasm resource of cotton with insect resistance and stress tolerance, possesses a broad spectrum of phenotypic variation related to pigmentation. Flower color affects insect pollination and the ornamental value of plants. Studying flower color of Asian cotton varieties improves the rate of hybridization and thus enriches the diversity of germplasm resources. Meanwhile, it also impacts the development of the horticultural industry. Unfortunately, there is a clear lack of studies concerning intricate mechanisms of cotton flower-color differentiation. Hereby, we report an integrative approach utilizing transcriptome and metabolome concerning flower color variation in three Gossypium arboreum cultivars. RESULTS A total of 215 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were identified, including 83 differentially accumulated flavonoids (DAFs). Colorless kaempferol was more abundant in white flowers, while gossypetin-fer showed specificity in white flowers. Quercetin and gossypetin were the main contributors to yellow petal formation. Pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-(6''-Malonylglucoside) showed high accumulation levels in purple petals. Quercetin and gossypetin pigments also promoted purple flower coloration. Moreover, 8178 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by RNA sequencing. The correlation results between total anthocyanins and DEGs were explored, indicating that 10 key structural genes and 29 transcription factors promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis and could be candidates for anthocyanin accumulation. Ultimately, we constructed co-expression networks of key DAFs and DEGs and demonstrated the interactions between specific metabolites and transcripts in different color flowers. CONCLUSION This study provides new insights into elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of cotton flower color and lays a potential foundation for generate cotton varieties with highly attractive flowers for pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishuang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Mian Faisal Nazir
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Xiuxiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Ru Yang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Henan, 450001, China
| | - Baojun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Guoyong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Hao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Zhen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yinhua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Shoupu He
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Henan, 450001, China.
| | - Xiongming Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Henan, 450001, China.
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Jing F, Wang L, Yang M, Wu C, Li J, Shi L, Feng S, Li F. Visualizing the spatial distribution of functional metabolites in Forsythia suspensa at different harvest stages by MALDI mass spectrometry imaging. Fitoterapia 2022; 162:105285. [PMID: 36041592 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As a traditional Chinese medicine, Forsythia suspensa (F. suspensa) has attracted much attention due to its significant pharmacological activity. Revealing the spatial distribution of metabolites during F. suspensa development is important for understanding its biosynthesis rules and improving the quality of medicinal materials. However, there is currently a lack of information on the spatial distribution of F. suspensa metabolites. In this work, the spatial distribution and growth metabolism patterns of important metabolites of F. suspensa were studied for the first time using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). Using 2,5-dimethylnaphthalene (DAN) as the matrix and detecting in negative ion mode, the spatial distribution and growth patterns of 11 metabolites obtained from longitudinal sections of F. suspensa included pinoresinol, phillygenin, forsythoside A, forsythoside E, rutin, caffeic acid, malic acid, citric acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid. These results showed the mesocarp and endosperm tissues of F. suspensa were important for storing important functional metabolites. Changes in mesocarp and endosperm growth and development tissues caused large changes in the content of important functional metabolites in F. suspensa. These results provide a basis for understanding the spatial distribution of metabolites in F. suspensa tissues and the significant changes that occur during growth and development, exploring the mechanism of important synthesis of metabolites, regulating the harvest of F. suspensa, and improving the quality of medicinal herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengtang Jing
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Yantai Food and Drug Inspection Center, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Shandong Drug and Food Vocational College, Weihai 264210, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Lei Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Shuai Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Control and Construction of the Whole Industrial Chain of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China..
| | - Feng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
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Jiang L, Liu C, Fan Y, Wu Q, Ye X, Li Q, Wan Y, Sun Y, Zou L, Xiang D, Lv Z. Dynamic transcriptome analysis suggests the key genes regulating seed development and filling in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Garetn.). Front Genet 2022; 13:990412. [PMID: 36072657 PMCID: PMC9441574 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.990412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat is highly attractive for the richness of nutrients and quality, yet post-embryonic seed abortion greatly halts the yield. Seed development is crucial for determining grain yield, whereas the molecular basis and regulatory network of Tartary buckwheat seed development and filling is not well understood at present. Here, we assessed the transcriptional dynamics of filling stage Tartary buckwheat seeds at three developmental stages by RNA sequencing. Among the 4249 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), genes related to seed development were identified. Specifically, 88 phytohormone biosynthesis signaling genes, 309 TFs, and 16 expansin genes participating in cell enlargement, 37 structural genes involved in starch biosynthesis represented significant variation and were candidate key seed development genes. Cis-element enrichment analysis indicated that the promoters of differentially expressed expansin genes and starch biosynthesis genes are rich of hormone-responsive (ABA-, AUX-, ET-, and JA-), and seed growth-related (MYB, MYC and WRKY) binding sites. The expansin DEGs showed strong correlations with DEGs in phytohormone pathways and transcription factors (TFs). In total, phytohormone ABA, AUX, ET, BR and CTK, and related TFs could substantially regulate seed development in Tartary buckwheat through targeting downstream expansin genes and structural starch biosynthetic genes. This transcriptome data could provide a theoretical basis for improving yield of Tartary buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangzhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Changying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueling Ye
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanxia Sun
- College of Tourism and Culture Industry, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dabing Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Dabing Xiang, ; Zhibin Lv,
| | - Zhibin Lv
- Department of Medical Instruments and Information, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Dabing Xiang, ; Zhibin Lv,
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Metabolic profiling and transcriptomic data providing critical flavonoid biosynthesis mechanisms disclose color differences of purple heading Chinese cabbages (Brassica rapa L.). Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Zhang Y, Yang L, Yang J, Hu H, Wei G, Cui J, Xu J. Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Reveal Differences in Terpenoid and Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Cryptomeria fortunei Needles Across Different Seasons. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:862746. [PMID: 35937363 PMCID: PMC9355645 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.862746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cryptomeria fortunei (Chinese cedar) has outstanding medicinal value due to its abundant flavonoid and terpenoid contents. The metabolite contents of C. fortunei needles differ across different seasons. However, the biosynthetic mechanism of these differentially synthesized metabolites (DSMs) is poorly understood. To improve our understanding of this process, we performed integrated non-targeted metabolomic liquid chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS and GC-MS), and transcriptomic analyses of summer and winter needles. In winter, the C. fortunei needle ultrastructure was damaged, and the chlorophyll content and F v/F m were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced. Based on GC-MS and LC-MS, we obtained 106 and 413 DSMs, respectively; based on transcriptome analysis, we obtained a total of 41.17 Gb of clean data and assembled 33,063 unigenes, including 14,057 differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses showed that these DSMs/DEGs were significantly (p < 0.05) enriched in many biosynthesis pathways, such as terpenoids, photosynthates, and flavonoids. Integrated transcriptomic and metabonomic analyses showed that seasonal changes have the greatest impact on photosynthesis pathways, followed by terpenoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. In summer Chinese cedar (SCC) needles, DXS, DXR, and ispH in the 2-methyl-pentaerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway and GGPS were highly expressed and promoted the accumulation of terpenoids, especially diterpenoids. In winter Chinese cedar (WCC) needles, 9 genes (HCT, CHS, CHI, F3H, F3'H, F3'5'H, FLS, DFR, and LAR) involved in flavonoid biosynthesis were highly expressed and promoted flavonoid accumulation. This study broadens our understanding of the metabolic and transcriptomic changes in C. fortunei needles caused by seasonal changes and provides a reference regarding the adaptive mechanisms of C. fortunei and the extraction of its metabolites.
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Transcriptome analysis reveals regulation mechanism of methyl jasmonate-induced terpenes biosynthesis in Curcuma wenyujin. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270309. [PMID: 35737688 PMCID: PMC9223393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcuma wenyujin is the source plant of three traditional Chinese medicines, which have been widely used in clinical treatment over 1000 years. The content of terpenes, the major medicinal active ingredients, is relatively low in this plant. Studies have shown that MeJA can promote terpenes biosynthesis in plants. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of MeJA in C. wenyujin remains unclear. In this work, the transcriptome of C. wenyujin leaves with MeJA treatment was analyzed to elucidate the regulation mechanism of MeJA-mediated terpene biosynthesis. Based on the RNA-seq data, 7,246 unigenes were differentially expressed with MeJA treatment. Expression pattern clustering of DEGs revealed that unigenes, related to JA biosynthesis and signal transduction, responded to exogenous MeJA stimulation on the early stage and maintained throughout the process. Subsequently, unigenes related to terpene biosynthesis pathway showed a significant up-regulation with 6 h treatment. The analysis results suggested that MeJA induced the expression of JA biosynthesis genes (such as LOXs, AOSs, AOCs, OPRs, and MFPs) and JA signal transduction core genes (JAZs and MYCs) to activate JA signaling pathway. Meanwhile, downstream JA-responsive genes presented up-regulated expression levels such as AACT, HMGSs, HMGRs, DXSs, DXRs, MCTs, HDSs, and HDRs, thus promoting terpenes biosynthesis. The transcriptional expressions of these genes were validated by qRT-PCR. In addition, six CwTPS genes in response to MeJA were identified. With MeJA treatment, the expression levels of CwTPSs were increased as well as those of the transcription factors MYB, NAC, bZIP, WRKY, AP2/ERF, and HLH. These TFs might potentially regulate terpenes biosynthesis. These results provide insights for regulation mechanism of terpenes biosynthesis.
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Xu H, Jiang Z, Lin Z, Yu Q, Song R, Wang B. FtUGT79A15 is responsible for rutinosylation in flavonoid diglycoside biosynthesis in Fagopyrum tataricum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 181:33-41. [PMID: 35428016 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat shows health benefits with its high antioxidant activity and abundant flavonoid content. However, glycosylated flavonoid accumulation patterns and their molecular basis remain unidentified in Tartary buckwheat. Here, our metabolomics analysis revealed that F3'H branching was the major flavonoid metabolic flux in Tartary buckwheat. Interestingly, metabolome results also showed that the most abundant flavonoids were mainly in the glycosylated form, including flavonoid glycosides and flavonoid diglycosides in Tartary buckwheat. However, the flavonoid glycosides glycosyltransferase (GGT) gene catalyzing the second glycosylation step of flavonoid diglycoside has not been discovered yet in Tartary buckwheat. Thus, we explored GGT genes in the transcriptome-metabolome correlation network and confirmed that FtUGT79A15 showed the rhamnosyltransferase activity to catalyze quercetin 3-O-glucoside to rutin invitro and inplanta. Overall, FtUGT79A15 was identified to involve in the flavonoid diglycoside biosynthesis pathway in Tartary buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Zimei Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Qinqin Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Ruifeng Song
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Bo Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Xu Y, Zhao G, Ji X, Liu J, Zhao T, Gao Y, Gao S, Hao Y, Gao Y, Wang L, Weng X, Chen Z, Jia L. Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Transcriptional Regulatory Mechanism of Triterpenoid Saponin Biosynthesis in Soapberry ( Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:7095-7109. [PMID: 35638867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soapberry (Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.) pericarps are rich in valuable bioactive triterpenoid saponins. However, the saponin content dynamics and the molecular regulatory network of saponin biosynthesis in soapberry pericarps remain largely unclear. Here, we performed combined metabolite profiling and transcriptome analysis to identify saponin accumulation kinetic patterns, investigate gene networks, and characterize key candidate genes and transcription factors (TFs) involved in saponin biosynthesis in soapberry pericarps. A total of 54 saponins were tentatively identified, including 25 that were differentially accumulated. Furthermore, 49 genes putatively involved in sapogenin backbone biosynthesis and some candidate genes assumed to be responsible for the backbone modification, including 41 cytochrome P450s and 45 glycosyltransferases, were identified. Saponin-specific clusters/modules were identified by Mfuzz clustering and weighted gene coexpression network analysis, and one TF-gene regulatory network underlying saponin biosynthesis was proposed. The results of yeast one-hybrid assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay suggested that SmbHLH2, SmTCP4, and SmWRKY27 may play important roles in the triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis by directly regulating the transcription of SmCYP71D-3 in the soapberry pericarp. Overall, these findings provide valuable information for understanding the molecular regulatory mechanism of saponin biosynthesis, enriching the gene resources, and guiding further research on triterpenoid saponin accumulation in soapberry pericarps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Innovation Alliance of Sapindus Industry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guochun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Innovation Alliance of Sapindus Industry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiangqin Ji
- Hangzhou KaiTai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Jiming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Innovation Alliance of Sapindus Industry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tianyun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Innovation Alliance of Sapindus Industry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Planning and Design Institute of Forest Products Industry, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Shilun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Innovation Alliance of Sapindus Industry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yingying Hao
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Innovation Alliance of Sapindus Industry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuhan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Innovation Alliance of Sapindus Industry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lixian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Innovation Alliance of Sapindus Industry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xuehuang Weng
- Yuanhua Forestry Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Sanming, Fujian 354500, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Innovation Alliance of Sapindus Industry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liming Jia
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Innovation Alliance of Sapindus Industry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Li H, Lv Q, Liu A, Wang J, Sun X, Deng J, Chen Q, Wu Q. Comparative metabolomics study of Tartary (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn) and common (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) buckwheat seeds. Food Chem 2022; 371:131125. [PMID: 34563971 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat has higher health-promoting value than common buckwheat. However, the related metabolites information except flavonoids is largely deficient. Here, we compared the seed metabolomes of the two species using a UHPLC-QqQ-MS-based metabolomics approach. In total, 722 metabolites were obtained, of which 84 and 78 were identified as the key active ingredients of Traditional Chinese Medicines and the active pharmaceutical ingredients for six major diseases-resistance, respectively. Comparative analysis showed there were obviously difference in metabolic profiles between the two buckwheat species, and further found 61 flavonoids and 94 non-flavonoids metabolites displayed significantly higher contents (≥2 fold) in Tartary buckwheat than in common buckwheat. Our results suggest that Tartary and common buckwheat seeds are rich in metabolites beneficial to human health, and non-flavonoids metabolites also contributed to Tartary buckwheat's higher health-promoting value than common buckwheat. This study provides valuable information for the development of new functional foods of Tartary buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyou Li
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, PR China.
| | - Qiuyu Lv
- School of Big Data and Computer Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Ake Liu
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, PR China
| | - Jiarui Wang
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Sun
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, PR China
| | - Jiao Deng
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, PR China
| | - Qingfu Chen
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, PR China.
| | - Qi Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, PR China.
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Zhong L, Lin Y, Wang C, Niu B, Xu Y, Zhao G, Zhao J. Chemical Profile, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity Assessment of the Crude Extract and Its Main Flavonoids from Tartary Buckwheat Sprouts. Molecules 2022; 27:374. [PMID: 35056695 PMCID: PMC8779668 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the major flavonoids content and bioactivities of Tartary buckwheat sprouts. The crude methanol extract (ME) of Tartary buckwheat sprouts was abundant in flavonoids, and six major flavonoids, including isoorientin, vitexin, isovitexin, rutin, quercetin, and kaemferol were successfully determined from the sprouts by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Generally, the flavonoid content of buckwheat sprouts was in the order of rutin > quercetin > isovitexin > vitexin> isoorientin > kaemferol. The highest rutin content of the ME and sprout cultures was 89.81 mg/g and 31.50 mg/g, respectively. Antibacterial activity results indicated the ME displayed notable inhibitory activity against the five tested bacteria, and its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 0.8 mg/mL to 3.2 mg/mL. Among the six flavonoids, quercetin was the most active compound, which exhibited strong activity against all tested bacteria except for E. coli and S. epidermidis, with its MIC values ranging from 0.2 mg/mL to 0.4 mg/mL. For the antifungal activity assay, the ME of Tartary buckwheat sprouts and four flavonoids could significantly inhibit the spore germination of two pathogenic fungi, and their inhibitory efficiency was concentration dependent. Quercetin was the most active one, which significantly inhibited the spore germination of F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum and F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, and its median effective inhibitory concentration (IC50) value was 42.36 and 32.85 µg/mL, respectively. The antioxidant activity results showed that quercetin, kaemferol, and rutin displayed excellent antioxidant activity in the DPPH radical scavenging test, and their IC50 value was calculated as 5.60, 16.23, and 27.95 µg/mL, respectively. This is the first report on the antimicrobial activity of the crude extract of Tartary buckwheat sprouts. These results indicated that the methanol extract of Tartary buckwheat sprouts could be used as a potential antimicrobial or antioxidant agent in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Zhong
- College of Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (L.Z.); (B.N.)
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610106, China; (Y.L.); (C.W.); (Y.X.); (G.Z.)
| | - Yuji Lin
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610106, China; (Y.L.); (C.W.); (Y.X.); (G.Z.)
| | - Can Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610106, China; (Y.L.); (C.W.); (Y.X.); (G.Z.)
| | - Bei Niu
- College of Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (L.Z.); (B.N.)
| | - Ying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610106, China; (Y.L.); (C.W.); (Y.X.); (G.Z.)
| | - Gang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610106, China; (Y.L.); (C.W.); (Y.X.); (G.Z.)
| | - Jianglin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610106, China; (Y.L.); (C.W.); (Y.X.); (G.Z.)
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Huang J, Wang L, Tang B, Ren R, Shi T, Zhu L, Deng J, Liang C, Wang Y, Chen Q. Integrated Transcriptomics and Widely Targeted Metabolomics Analyses Provide Insights Into Flavonoid Biosynthesis in the Rhizomes of Golden Buckwheat ( Fagopyrum cymosum). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:803472. [PMID: 35783922 PMCID: PMC9247553 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.803472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Golden buckwheat (Fagopyrum cymosum) is used in Traditional Chinese Medicine. It has received attention because of the high value of its various medicinal and nutritional metabolites, especially flavonoids (catechin and epicatechin). However, the metabolites and their encoding genes in golden buckwheat have not yet been identified in the global landscape. This study performed transcriptomics and widely targeted metabolomics analyses for the first time on rhizomes of golden buckwheat. As a result, 10,191 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 297 differentially regulated metabolites (DRMs) were identified, among which the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway was enriched in both transcriptome and metabolome. The integration analyses of the transcriptome and the metabolome revealed a network related to catechin, in which four metabolites and 14 genes interacted with each other. Subsequently, an SG5 R2R3-MYB transcription factor, named FcMYB1, was identified as a transcriptional activator in catechin biosynthesis, as it was positively correlated to eight flavonoid biosynthesis genes in their expression patterns and was directly bound to the promoters of FcLAR2 and FcF3'H1 by yeast one hybrid analysis. Finally, a flavonoid biosynthesis pathway was proposed in the rhizomes of golden buckwheat, including 13 metabolites, 11 genes encoding 9 enzymes, and 1 MYB transcription factor. The expression of 12 DEGs were validated by qRT-PCR, resulting in a good agreement with the Pearson R ranging from 0.83 to 1. The study provided a comprehensive flavonoid biosynthesis and regulatory network of golden buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Huang
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- Juan Huang
| | - Luyuan Wang
- Tunliu District Vocational Senior Middle School, Changzhi, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Rongrong Ren
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Taoxiong Shi
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Liwei Zhu
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiao Deng
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chenggang Liang
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qingfu Chen
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Qingfu Chen
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Zhang F, Ma Z, Qiao Y, Wang Z, Chen W, Zheng S, Yu C, Song L, Lou H, Wu J. Transcriptome sequencing and metabolomics analyses provide insights into the flavonoid biosynthesis in Torreya grandis kernels. Food Chem 2021; 374:131558. [PMID: 34794838 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The kernel of Torreya grandis (T. grandis) is a rare nut with a variety of bioactive compounds. Flavonoids are a very important class of bioactive compounds with high antioxidant activity in T. grandis kernels. However, the flavonoid compositions which mainly contribute to antioxidant capacity and the molecular basis of flavonoid biosynthesis in T. grandis remain unclear. Here, transcriptome sequencing and metabolomics analysis for kernels were performed. In total, 124 flavonoids were identified. Among them, 9 flavonoids were highly correlated with antioxidant activity. Furthermore, unigenes encoding CHS, DFR and ANS showed significant correlation with the 9 flavonoids. Transient overexpression of TgDFR1 in tobacco leaves resulted in increased antioxidant activity. Moreover, several transcription factors from MYB, bHLH and bZIP families were identified by co-expression assay, suggesting that they may regulate flavonoid biosynthesis. Our findings provide a molecular basis and new insights into the flavonoid biosynthesis in T. grandis kernels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feicui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Zhenmin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Yan Qiao
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China
| | - Zhanqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Wenchao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Shan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Chenliang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Lili Song
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China.
| | - Heqiang Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China.
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China.
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Wang C, Chen L, Cai Z, Chen C, Liu Z, Liu S, Zou L, Tan M, Chen J, Liu X, Mei Y, Wei L, Liang J, Chen J. Metabolite Profiling and Transcriptome Analysis Explains Difference in Accumulation of Bioactive Constituents in Licorice ( Glycyrrhiza uralensis) Under Salt Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:727882. [PMID: 34691107 PMCID: PMC8529186 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.727882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress significantly affects the contents of bioactive constituents in licorice Glycyrrhiza uralensis. To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the difference in the accumulation of these constituents under sodium chloride (NaCl, salt) stress, licorice seedlings were treated with NaCl and then subjected to an integrated transcriptomic and metabolite profiling analysis. The transcriptomic analysis results identified 3,664 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including transcription factor family MYB and basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH). Most DEGs were involved in flavonoid and terpenoid biosynthesis pathways. In addition, 121 compounds including a triterpenoid and five classes of flavonoids (isoflavone, flavone, flavanone, isoflavan, and chalcone) were identified, and their relative levels were compared between the stressed and control groups using data from the ultrafast liquid chromatography (UFLC)-triple quadrupole-time of flight-tandem mass spectrometry (TOF-MS/MS) analysis. Putative biosynthesis networks of the flavonoids and triterpenoids were created and combined with structural DEGs such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase [4CL], cinnamate 4-hydroxylase [C4H], chalcone synthase [CHS], chalcone-flavanone isomerase [CHI], and flavonoid-3',5' hydroxylase (F3',5'H) for flavonoids, and CYP88D6 and CYP72A154 for glycyrrhizin biosynthesis. Notably, significant upregulation of UDP-glycosyltransferase genes (UGT) in salt-stressed licorice indicated that postmodification of glycosyltransferase may participate in downstream biosynthesis of flavonoid glycosides and triterpenoid saponins. Accordingly, the expression trend of the DEGs is positively correlated with the accumulation of glycosides. Our study findings indicate that key DEGs and crucial UGT genes co-regulate flavonoid and saponin biosynthesis in licorice under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China
| | - Lihong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhichen Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Cuihua Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zixiu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengjin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lisi Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengxia Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiali Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xunhong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqi Mei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lifang Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China
| | - Jine Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China
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Wang F, Ji G, Xu Z, Feng B, Zhou Q, Fan X, Wang T. Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Provide Insights into Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in the Developing Grains of Purple Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:11171-11184. [PMID: 34529412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Purple wheat is thought to have beneficial effects on humans owing to its high anthocyanin content. However, a systematic understanding of the anthocyanin biosynthesis process in developing wheat grain is lacking. Here, the dynamic changes in anthocyanin components and transcripts in the grain of purple wheat ZNM168 at five developmental stages (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 DAF) were characterized. Compared with other anthocyanins, four components, cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3,5-O-diglucoside, and malvidin 3-O-glucoside, were significantly accumulated with grain development. In particular, the considerable accumulation of cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside indicated that it was the pivotal pigment for the purple grain. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the nine differentially expressed genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis belonged to the BZ1 group, the homologous enzyme encoded by the maize Bronze-1 locus, which may primarily serve to glucosylate anthocyanidins. By constructing a gene coexpression network based on weighted gene coexpression network analysis, the TaBZ1 UniGene (TraesCS1D02G019200) was predicted as a core gene in anthocyanin biosynthesis. In addition, correlation analysis between the metabolites and transcripts suggested that TraesCS2A01G527700 (TaCHS) and TraesCS6B01G006200 (TaANS) were considered critical structural genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. This study provides insights to exploit genes pinpointed as genetic engineering targets, thereby breeding anthocyanin-enriched wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Guangsi Ji
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhibin Xu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoli Fan
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Effects of microwave irradiation on the expression of key flavonoid biosynthetic enzyme genes and the accumulation of flavonoid products in Fagopyrum tataricum sprouts. J Cereal Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2021.103275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Zhao J, Li H, Huang J, Shi T, Meng Z, Chen Q, Deng J. Genome-wide analysis of BBX gene family in Tartary buckwheat ( Fagopyrum tataricum). PeerJ 2021; 9:e11939. [PMID: 34447629 PMCID: PMC8364324 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BBX (B-box), a zinc finger transcription factor with one or two B-box domains, plays an important role in plant photomorphogenesis, growth, and development as well as response to environmental changes. In this study, 28 Tartary buckwheat BBX (FtBBX) genes were identified and screened using a comparison program. Their physicochemical properties, gene structures, conserved motifs, distribution in chromosomal, and phylogeny of the coding proteins, as well as their expression patterns, were analyzed. In addition, multiple collinearity analysis in three monocots and three dicot species illustrated that the BBX proteins identified from monocots clustered separately from those of dicots. Moreover, the expression of 11 candidate BBX genes with probable involvement in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis was analyzed in the sprouts of Tartary buckwheat during light treatment. The results of gene structure analysis showed that all the 28 BBX genes contained B-box domain, three genes lacked introns, and these genes were unevenly distributed on the other seven chromosomes except for chromosome 6. The 28 proteins contained 10 conserved motifs and could be divided into five subfamilies. BBX genes of Tartary buckwheat showed varying expression under different conditions demonstrating that FtBBXs might play important roles in Tartary buckwheat growth and development. This study lays a foundation for further understanding of Tartary buckwheat BBX genes and their functions in growth and development as well as regulation of pigmentation in Tartary buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hongyou Li
- School of Life Sciences, Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Juan Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Taoxiong Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ziye Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qingfu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiao Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
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Sheng X, Chen H, Wang J, Zheng Y, Li Y, Jin Z, Li J. Joint Transcriptomic and Metabolic Analysis of Flavonoids in Cyclocarya paliurus Leaves. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:9028-9038. [PMID: 33842773 PMCID: PMC8028134 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a class of commonly occurring natural compounds in the plant kingdom with various biological activities. This study compares the content of flavonoids in Cyclocarya paliurus at different developmental stages to better inform the selection of the optimal picking period. Thus, we analyzed the transcriptome and metabolome of C. paliurus at different developmental stages. The transcriptome analysis revealed 44 genes involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids in C. paliurus, with 10 differentially expressed genes across the four different developmental stages. The metabolites were separated and identified by a combination of chromatography and mass spectrometry, followed by multi-reaction monitoring mode analysis of triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for complete metabolite quantification. In the flavonoid synthesis pathway, a total of 137 differential flavonoids were detected. The joint transcriptome and metabolome analysis showed that the expression trends in differential metabolites and genes were significantly related. Four MYB transcription factors and two bHLH transcription factors that are closely related to flavonoid biosynthesis were identified. The regulation network of flavonoid biosynthesis in C. paliurus was thus established, providing guidance for follow-up research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Sheng
- School
of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
- Zhejiang
Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Huanwei Chen
- Forest
Research Institute of Longquan City, Longquan 323700, China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Zhejiang
Yuanyang Agriculture Development Company Ltd., Suicang 323000, China
| | - Yongli Zheng
- Zhejiang
Provincial Agricultural Products Quality Safety Center, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Yueling Li
- Zhejiang
Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Zexin Jin
- Zhejiang
Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Junmin Li
- Zhejiang
Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
- , . Phone/Fax: +86 576 88660396
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Li H, Meng H, Sun X, Deng J, Shi T, Zhu L, Lv Q, Chen Q. Integrated microRNA and transcriptome profiling reveal key miRNA-mRNA interaction pairs associated with seed development in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:132. [PMID: 33750309 PMCID: PMC7941931 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02914-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tartary buckwheat seed development is an extremely complex process involving many gene regulatory pathways. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as the important negative regulators of gene expression and performed crucial regulatory roles in various plant biological processes. However, whether miRNAs participate in Tartary buckwheat seed development remains unexplored. RESULTS In this study, we first identified 26 miRNA biosynthesis genes in the Tartary buckwheat genome and described their phylogeny and expression profiling. Then we performed small RNA (sRNA) sequencing for Tartary buckwheat seeds at three developmental stages to identify the miRNAs associated with seed development. In total, 230 miRNAs, including 101 conserved and 129 novel miRNAs, were first identified in Tartary buckwheat, and 3268 target genes were successfully predicted. Among these miRNAs, 76 exhibited differential expression during seed development, and 1534 target genes which correspond to 74 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified. Based on integrated analysis of DEMs and their targets expression, 65 miRNA-mRNA interaction pairs (25 DEMs corresponding to 65 target genes) were identified that exhibited significantly opposite expression during Tartary buckwheat seed development, and 6 of the miRNA-mRNA pairs were further verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and ligase-mediated rapid amplification of 5' cDNA ends (5'-RLM-RACE). Functional annotation of the 65 target mRNAs showed that 56 miRNA-mRNA interaction pairs major involved in cell differentiation and proliferation, cell elongation, hormones response, organogenesis, embryo and endosperm development, seed size, mineral elements transport, and flavonoid biosynthesis, which indicated that they are the key miRNA-mRNA pairs for Tartary buckwheat seed development. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provided insights for the first time into miRNA-mediated regulatory pathways in Tartary buckwheat seed development and suggested that miRNAs play important role in Tartary buckwheat seed development. These findings will be help to study the roles and regulatory mechanism of miRNAs in Tartary buckwheat seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyou Li
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China.
| | - Hengling Meng
- Key Laboratory of High-Quality Crops Cultivation and Safety Control of Yunnan Province, Honghe University, Honghe, 661100, China
| | - Xiaoqian Sun
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jiao Deng
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Taoxiong Shi
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Liwei Zhu
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Qiuyu Lv
- School of Big Data and Computer Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Qingfu Chen
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China.
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Shi TX, Li RY, Zheng R, Chen QF, Li HY, Huang J, Zhu LW, Liang CG. Mapping QTLs for 1000-grain weight and genes controlling hull type using SNP marker in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum). BMC Genomics 2021; 22:142. [PMID: 33639857 PMCID: PMC7913328 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07449-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum), an important pseudocereal crop, has high economic value due to its nutritional and medicinal properties. However, dehulling of Tartary buckwheat is difficult owing to its thick and tough hull, which has greatly limited the development of the Tartary buckwheat processing industry. The construction of high-resolution genetic maps serves as a basis for identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and qualitative trait genes for agronomic traits. In this study, a recombinant inbred lines (XJ-RILs) population derived from a cross between the easily dehulled Rice-Tartary type and Tartary buckwheat type was genotyped using restriction site-associated DNA (RAD) sequencing to construct a high-density SNP genetic map. Furthermore, QTLs for 1000-grain weight (TGW) and genes controlling hull type were mapped in multiple environments. RESULTS In total, 4151 bin markers comprising 122,185 SNPs were used to construct the genetic linkage map. The map consisted of 8 linkage groups and covered 1444.15 cM, with an average distance of 0.35 cM between adjacent bin markers. Nine QTLs for TGW were detected and distributed on four loci on chromosome 1 and 4. A major locus detected in all three trials was mapped in 38.2-39.8 cM region on chromosome 1, with an LOD score of 18.1-37.0, and explained for 23.6-47.5% of the phenotypic variation. The genes controlling hull type were mapped to chromosome 1 between marker Block330 and Block331, which was closely followed by the major locus for TGW. The expression levels of the seven candidate genes controlling hull type present in the region between Block330 and Block336 was low during grain development, and no significant difference was observed between the parental lines. Six non-synonymous coding SNPs were found between the two parents in the region. CONCLUSIONS We constructed a high-density SNP genetic map for the first time in Tartary buckwheat. The mapped major loci controlling TGW and hull type will be valuable for gene cloning and revealing the mechanism underlying grain development and easy dehulling, and marker-assisted selection in Tartary buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Xiong Shi
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China.
| | - Rui-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Information and Computing Science of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China
| | - Ran Zheng
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China
| | - Qing-Fu Chen
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China
| | - Hong-You Li
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China
| | - Li-Wei Zhu
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China
| | - Cheng-Gang Liang
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China
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Li S, Chen Y, Duan Y, Zhao Y, Zhang D, Zang L, Ya H. Widely Targeted Metabolomics Analysis of Different Parts of Salsola collina Pall. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041126. [PMID: 33672654 PMCID: PMC7924207 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Salsola collina Pall has a long history of being used as a traditional medicine to treat hypertension, headache, insomnia, constipation and vertigo. However, only a few biologically active substances have been identified from S. collina. Here, the shoots and roots of S. collina, namely L-Sc and R-Sc, were studied. The primary and secondary metabolites were investigated using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS). A total of 637 putative metabolites were identified and these metabolites were mainly classified into ten different categories. Correlation analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis, principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis of metabolites showed that the L-Sc samples could be clearly separated from the R-Sc samples. Differential accumulated metabolite analysis revealed that most of differential primary metabolites were significantly lower in the L-Sc than in the R-Sc. Conversely, the major differential secondary metabolites had higher levels in the L-Sc than in the R-Sc. Further analysis indicated that the flavonoids were the major putative antioxidant components and most of putative antioxidant components exhibited higher relative concentrations in the L-Sc than the R-Sc. These results improve our understanding of metabolite accumulation and provide a reference for the study of medicinal value in S. collina.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Huiyuan Ya
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0379-6861-8516
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Metabolomics Analyses of Cotyledon and Plumule Showing the Potential Domestic Selection in Lotus Breeding. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040913. [PMID: 33572231 PMCID: PMC7915064 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) seeds are widely consumed as functional food or herbal medicine, of which cotyledon (CL) is the main edible part, and lotus plumule (LP) is commonly utilized in traditional Chinese medicine. However, few studies have been conducted to investigate the chemical components of CL and LP in dry lotus seeds, not to mention the comparison between wild and domesticated varieties. In this study, a widely targeted metabolomics approach based on Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-electrospray ionization-Tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) was utilized to analyze the metabolites in CL and LP of China Antique (“CA”, a wild variety) and Jianxuan-17 (“JX”, a popular cultivar). A total of 402 metabolites were identified, which included flavonoids (23.08% to 27.84%), amino acids and derivatives (14.18–16.57%), phenolic acids (11.49–12.63%), and lipids (9.14–10.95%). These metabolites were classified into ten clusters based on their organ or cultivar-specific characters. Most of these metabolites were more abundant in LP than in CL for both varieties, except for metabolites belonging to organic acids and lipids. The analysis of differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) demonstrated that more than 25% of metabolites detected in our study were DAMs in CL and LP comparing “JX” with “CA”, most of which were less abundant in “JX”, including 35 flavonoids in LP, 23 amino acids and derivatives in CL, 7 alkaloids in CL, and 10 nucleotides and derivatives in LP, whereas all of 11 differentially accumulated lipids in LP were more abundant in “JX”. Together with the fact that the seed yield of “JX” is much higher than that of “CA”, these results indicated that abundant metabolites, especially the functional secondary metabolites (mainly flavonoids and alkaloids), were lost during the process of breeding selection.
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Li Q, Xu J, Zheng Y, Zhang Y, Cai Y. Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveals That Exogenous Methyl Jasmonate Regulates Galanthamine Biosynthesis in Lycoris longituba Seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:713795. [PMID: 34659286 PMCID: PMC8514708 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.713795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The Amaryllidaceae alkaloid galanthamine (Gal) in Lycoris longituba is a secondary metabolite that has been used to treat Alzheimer's disease. Plant secondary metabolism is affected by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) exposure, although the regulatory mechanisms of MeJA on L. longituba seedlings remains largely unknown. In the present study, 75, 150, and 300 μM MeJA were used as treatments on L. longituba seedlings for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days, while 0 μM MeJA was used as the control (MJ-0). The effect of exogenous MeJA on Gal synthesis in L. longituba was then investigated using transcriptomic sequencing and metabolite profiling via GC-MS and LC-MS analysis. Galanthamine (Gal), lycorine (Lyc), and lycoramine (Lycm) abundances were 2. 71-, 2. 01-, and 2.85-fold higher in 75 μM MeJA (MJ-75) treatment plants compared to MJ-0 treatment plants after 7 days of cultivation. Transcriptomic analysis further showed that MJ-75 treatment significantly induced the expression of norbelladine synthase (NBS) and norbelladine 4'-O-methyltransferase (OMT), which are involved in the Gal biosynthesis pathway. In addition, increased expression was observed in MJ-75 treatment plants for genes in the JA synthesis and JA signaling pathways including those of allene oxide cyclase (AOC), 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase (OPR), jasmonic acid amino acid synthase (JAR), and transcription factor MYC. The L. longituba tyrosine decarboxylase (LlTYDC) enzyme was identified and proposed to be involved in the Gal biosynthetic pathway. Metabolomics results demonstrated that the accumulation of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, and especially alkaloids in the Gal biosynthesis pathway, could be induced by MJ-75 treatment. Interestingly, metabolites in the JA synthesis pathway were also affected by MeJA treatment. Overall, this multi-omics study suggests that both the JA synthesis/JA signaling and Gal biosynthesis pathways were affected by exogenous MeJA treatment. This comprehensive study of gene expression and metabolite contents can help us better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying MeJA-mediated Gal biosynthesis in L. longituba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhu Li
- Forestry and Pomology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Co-Elite Agricultural Sci-Tech (Group) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Junxu Xu
- Forestry and Pomology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Zheng
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Memorial Sun Yat-sen, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongchun Zhang
- Forestry and Pomology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yongchun Zhang,
| | - Youming Cai
- Forestry and Pomology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Youming Cai,
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Desmet S, Brouckaert M, Boerjan W, Morreel K. Seeing the forest for the trees: Retrieving plant secondary biochemical pathways from metabolome networks. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 19:72-85. [PMID: 33384856 PMCID: PMC7753198 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, a giant leap forward has been made in resolving the main bottleneck in metabolomics, i.e., the structural characterization of the many unknowns. This has led to the next challenge in this research field: retrieving biochemical pathway information from the various types of networks that can be constructed from metabolome data. Searching putative biochemical pathways, referred to as biotransformation paths, is complicated because several flaws occur during the construction of metabolome networks. Multiple network analysis tools have been developed to deal with these flaws, while in silico retrosynthesis is appearing as an alternative approach. In this review, the different types of metabolome networks, their flaws, and the various tools to trace these biotransformation paths are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrien Desmet
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marlies Brouckaert
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Morreel
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
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