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Liu Y, Wang D, Li J, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Qiu C, Sun Y, Pan C. Research progress on the functions and biosynthesis of theaflavins. Food Chem 2024; 450:139285. [PMID: 38631203 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Theaflavins are beneficial to human health due to various bioactivities. Biosynthesis of theaflavins using polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is advantageous due to cost effectiveness and environmental friendliness. In this review, studies on the mechanism of theaflavins formation, the procedures to screen and prepare PPOs, optimization of reaction systems and immobilization of PPOs were described. The challenges associated with the mass biosynthesis of theaflavins, such as poor enzyme activity, undesirable subproducts and inclusion bodies of recombinant PPOs were presented. Further strategies to solve these challenges and improve theaflavins production, including enzyme engineering, immobilization enzyme technology, water-immiscible solvent-water biphasic systems and recombinant enzyme technology, were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering (Liquor College), Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Dongyang Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering (Liquor College), Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering (Liquor College), Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering (Liquor College), Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yali Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering (Liquor College), Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Chenxi Qiu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering (Liquor College), Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yujiao Sun
- College of Food and Biological Engineering (Liquor College), Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Chunmei Pan
- College of Food and Biological Engineering (Liquor College), Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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2
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Ali SS, Alsharbaty MHM, Al-Tohamy R, Naji GA, Elsamahy T, Mahmoud YAG, Kornaros M, Sun J. A review of the fungal polysaccharides as natural biopolymers: Current applications and future perspective. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132986. [PMID: 38866286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
As a unique natural resource, fungi are a sustainable source of lipids, polysaccharides, vitamins, proteins, and other nutrients. As a result, they have beneficial medicinal and nutritional properties. Polysaccharides are among the most significant bioactive components found in fungi. Increasing research has revealed that fungal polysaccharides (FPS) contain a variety of bioactivities, including antitumor, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and anti-aging properties. However, the exact knowledge about FPS and their applications related to their future possibilities must be thoroughly examined to enhance a better understanding of this sustainable biopolymer source. Therefore, FPS' biological applications and their role in the food and feed industry, agriculture, and cosmetics applications were all discussed in this work. In addition, this review highlighted the mode of action of FPS on human diseases by regulating gut microbiota and discussed the mechanism of FPS as antioxidants in the living cell. The structure-activity connections of FPS were also highlighted and explored. Moreover, future perspectives were listed to pave the way for future studies of FPS applications. Hence, this study can be a scientific foundation for future FPS research and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh S Ali
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed H M Alsharbaty
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq; Branch of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, Iraq.
| | - Rania Al-Tohamy
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ghassan A Naji
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq; College of Dentistry, The Iraqia University, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Tamer Elsamahy
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yehia A-G Mahmoud
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Michael Kornaros
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori str, 26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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3
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Czyżewska K, Trusek A. A catalytic membrane approach as a way to obtain sweet and unsweet lactose-free milk. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024; 47:919-929. [PMID: 38644439 PMCID: PMC11101535 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-03018-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The growing need in the current market for innovative solutions to obtain lactose-free (L-F) milk is caused by the annual increase in the prevalence of lactose intolerance inside as well as the newborn, children, and adults. Various configurations of enzymes can yield two distinct L-F products: sweet (β-galactosidase) and unsweet (β-galactosidase and glucose oxidase) L-F milk. In addition, the reduction of sweetness through glucose decomposition should be performed in a one-pot mode with catalase to eliminate product inhibition caused by H2O2. Both L-F products enjoy popularity among a rapidly expanding group of consumers. Although enzyme immobilization techniques are well known in industrial processes, new carriers and economic strategies are still being searched. Polymeric carriers, due to the variety of functional groups and non-toxicity, are attractive propositions for individual and co-immobilization of food enzymes. In the presented work, two strategies (with free and immobilized enzymes; β-galactosidase NOLA, glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger, and catalase from Serratia sp.) for obtaining sweet and unsweet L-F milk under low-temperature conditions were proposed. For free enzymes, achieving the critical assumption, lactose hydrolysis and glucose decomposition occurred after 1 and 4.3 h, respectively. The tested catalytic membranes were created on regenerated cellulose and polyamide. In both cases, the time required for lactose and glucose bioconversion was extended compared to free enzymes. However, these preparations could be reused for up to five (β-galactosidase) and ten cycles (glucose oxidase with catalase).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Czyżewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Group of Micro, Nano, and Bioprocess Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, 50-373, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Anna Trusek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Group of Micro, Nano, and Bioprocess Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, 50-373, Wrocław, Poland
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4
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Li J, Wen Y, Fang Z, Yang W, Song X. Application of cold-adapted microbial agents in soil contaminate remediation: biodegradation mechanisms, case studies, and safety assessments. RSC Adv 2024; 14:12720-12734. [PMID: 38645519 PMCID: PMC11027001 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01510j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The microbial agent technology has made significant progress in remediating nitro-aromatic compounds (NACs), such as p-nitrophenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol, and 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene, in farmland soil over the past decade. However, there are still gaps in our understanding of the bioavailability and degradation mechanisms of these compounds in low-temperature environments. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the strategies employed by cold-adapted microorganisms and elucidate the degradation pathways of NACs pollutants. To further analyze their metabolic mechanisms, we propose using mass balance to improve our understanding of biochemical processes and refine the degradation pathways through stoichiometry analysis. Additionally, we suggest employing 13C-metabolic flux analysis to track enzyme activity and intermediate products during bio-degradation processes with the aim of accelerating the remediation of nitro-aromatic compounds, particularly in cold regions. Through a comprehensive analysis of pollutant metabolic activities and a commitment to the 'One Health' approach, with an emphasis on selecting non-pathogenic strains, the environmental management strategies for soil remediation could be positioned to develop and implement safe and effective measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University Shenyang 110044 China +86(24)62269636
| | - Yujuan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University Shenyang 110044 China +86(24)62269636
- Northeast Geological S&T Innovation Center of China Geological Survey, Shenyang University Shenyang 110044 China
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Evolution and Ecological Effect, Ministry of Natural Resources China
| | - Zheng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University Shenyang 110044 China +86(24)62269636
| | - Wenqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University Shenyang 110044 China +86(24)62269636
| | - Xiaoming Song
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University Shenyang 110044 China +86(24)62269636
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5
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Simão Neto F, Sousa Junior PGD, da Silva Filho CJ, Pinheiro Coutinho L, Melo RLF, Rocha-Martin J, Rios MADS, Sanders Lopes AA, Monteiro NDKV, de Mattos MC, Serafim LF, Sousa dos Santos JC. Green Enzymatic Synthesis of Geranyl Butyrate: Process Optimization and Mechanistic Insights. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:16992-17001. [PMID: 38645358 PMCID: PMC11024978 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Flavor esters are organic compounds widely used in the food industry to enhance the aroma and taste of products. However, most chemical processes for the production of these flavoring compounds use toxic organic solvents. Some organic solvents derived from petroleum can leave behind residual traces in food products, which may raise concerns about potential health risks and contamination. In this study, we employ Eversa Transform 2.0, a commercial lipase derived from the lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus, to produce geranyl butyrate in aqueous media. The chemical process was optimized using the Taguchi method, and a conversion of 93% was obtained at the optimal reaction conditions of: 1:5 molar ratio (v/v), 15% biocatalyst load (w/w), at 50 °C, in 6 h. Classic (molecular dynamics) and quantum (density functional theory) simulations unveiled amino acid residues involved in the stabilization of the enzyme-substrate complex. Detailed QM/MM mechanistic studies identified the nucleophilic attack of the deacylation reaction as the rate-limiting step of the entire mechanism, which has a free energy barrier of 14.0 kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Simão Neto
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Federal University
of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará 60455-760, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lucas Pinheiro Coutinho
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará 60020-181, Brazil
| | | | - Javier Rocha-Martin
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | | | - Ada Amélia Sanders Lopes
- Engineering
and Sustainable Development Institute, University
of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, Redenção, Ceará 62790-970, Brazil
| | - Norberto de K. V. Monteiro
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará 60020-181, Brazil
| | - Marcos Carlos de Mattos
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará 60020-181, Brazil
| | | | - José Cleiton Sousa dos Santos
- Engineering
and Sustainable Development Institute, University
of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, Redenção, Ceará 62790-970, Brazil
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6
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Li J, Shi X, Qin X, Liu M, Wang Q, Zhong J. Improved lipase performance by covalent immobilization of Candida antarctica lipase B on amino acid modified microcrystalline cellulose as green renewable support. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 235:113764. [PMID: 38301428 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Development of immobilized lipase with excellent catalytic performance and low cost is the major challenge for large-scale industrial applications. In this study, green renewable microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) that was hydrophobically modified with D-alanine (Ala) or L-lysine (Lys) was used for immobilizing Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB). The improved catalytic properties were investigated by experimental and computational methods. CALB immobilized on MCC-Ala with higher hydrophobicity showed better catalytic activity than CALB@MCC-Lys because the increased flexibility of the lid region of CALB@MCC-Ala favored the formation of open conformation. Additionally, the low root mean square deviation and the high β-sheet and α-helix contents of CALB@MCC-Ala indicated that the structure became more stable, leading to a significantly enhanced stability (54.80% and 90.90% relative activity at 70 °C and pH 9.0, respectively) and good reusability (48.92% activity after 5 cycles). This study provides a promising avenue to develop immobilized lipase with high catalytic properties for industry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Li
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xue Shi
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaoli Qin
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Jinfeng Zhong
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China.
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7
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Hansda B, Mishra S, Ghosh A, Das B, Biswas T, Mondal TK, Srivastava B, Mondal S, Roy D, Mandal B. Chemically Bonded Pepsin via Its Inert Center to Diazo Functionalized Silica Gel through Multipoint Attachment Mode: A Way of Restoring Biocatalytic Sustainability over "Wider pH" Range. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:2146-2164. [PMID: 38240266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Proteolytic enzymes play a pivotal role in the industry. Still, because of denaturation, the extensive applicability at their level of best catalytic efficiency over a more comprehensive pH range, particularly in alkaline conditions over pH 8, has not been fully developed. On the other hand, enzyme immobilization following a suitable protocol is a long pending issue that determines the conformational stability, specificity, selectivity, enantioselectivity, and activity of the native enzymes at long-range pH. As a bridge between these two findings, in an attempt at a freezing temperature 273-278 K at an alkaline pH, the diazo-functionalized silica gel (SG) surface has been used to rapidly diazo couple pepsin through its inert center, the O-carbon of the phenolic -OH of surface-occupied Tyr residues in a multipoint mode: when all the various protein groups, viz., amino, thiol, phenol, imidazole, carboxy, etc., in the molecular sequence including those belonging to the active sites, remain intact, the inherent inbuilt interactions among themselves remain. Thereby, the macromolecule's global conformation and helicity preserve the status quo. The dimension of the SG-enzyme conjugate confirms as {Si(OSi)4 (H2O)1.03}n {-O-Si(CH3)2-O-C6H4-N═N+}4·{pepsin}·yH2O; where the values of n and y have been determined respectively as 347 and 188. The material performs the catalytic activity much better at 7-8.5 than at pH 2-3.5 and continues for up to six months without any appreciable change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Hansda
- Analytical and Bio-analytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India
| | - Shailja Mishra
- Analytical and Bio-analytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India
| | - Ankit Ghosh
- Analytical and Bio-analytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India
| | - Basudev Das
- Analytical and Bio-analytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India
| | - Tirtha Biswas
- Analytical and Bio-analytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India
| | - Tanay K Mondal
- Analytical and Bio-analytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India
| | - Bhavya Srivastava
- The West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences, Dr. Ambedkar Bhavan, Kolkata 700098, India
| | - Sneha Mondal
- Analytical and Bio-analytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India
| | - Dipika Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Main Campus 188, Raja S.C. Mallick Rd, Kolkata, West Bengal700032, India
| | - Bhabatosh Mandal
- Analytical and Bio-analytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India
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8
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Oliveira SC, Dencheva NV, Denchev ZZ. Immobilization of Enological Pectinase on Magnetic Sensitive Polyamide Microparticles for Wine Clarification. Foods 2024; 13:420. [PMID: 38338555 PMCID: PMC10855548 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of free pectinases as clarification biocatalysts constitutes a well-established practice in the large-scale production of various types of wines. However, when in the form of free enzymes, the recovery and reusability of pectinases is difficult if not impossible. To address these limitations, the present study focuses on the noncovalent adsorption immobilization of a commercial pectinolytic preparation onto highly porous polyamide 6 (PA6) microparticles, both with and without magnetic properties, prepared via activated anionic polymerization. The two pectinase complexes resulting after immobilization underwent comparative activity and kinetic studies, contrasting them with the free enzyme preparation. In comparison with the free enzyme, the PA6-immobilized pectinase complexes exhibited more than double the specific activity toward the pectin substrate. They displayed a slightly higher affinity to the substrate while acting as faster catalysts that were more resistant to inhibition. Furthermore, the immobilized complexes were applied in the clarification process of industrial rosé must, whereby they demonstrated accelerated performance as compared with the free enzyme. Moreover, the PA6-immobilized pectinase biocatalysts offered the potential for three consecutive cycles of reuse, achieving complete rosé must clarification within relevant timeframes in the range of 3-36 h. All these results suggest the potential industrial application of the pectinases noncovalently immobilized upon PA6 microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadya Vasileva Dencheva
- IPC—Institute for Polymers and Composites, Campus of Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (S.C.O.); (Z.Z.D.)
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9
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Bilal M, Singh AK, Iqbal HMN, Zdarta J, Chrobok A, Jesionowski T. Enzyme-linked carbon nanotubes as biocatalytic tools to degrade and mitigate environmental pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 241:117579. [PMID: 37944691 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
A wide array of organic compounds have been recognized as pollutants of high concern due to their controlled or uncontrolled presence in environmental matrices. The persistent prevalence of diverse organic pollutants, including pharmaceutical compounds, phenolic compounds, synthetic dyes, and other hazardous substances, necessitates robust measures for their practical and sustainable removal from water bodies. Several bioremediation and biodegradation methods have been invented and deployed, with a wide range of materials well-suited for diverse environments. Enzyme-linked carbon-based materials have been considered efficient biocatalytic platforms for the remediation of complex organic pollutants, mostly showing over 80% removal efficiency of micropollutants. The advantages of enzyme-linked carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in enzyme immobilization and improved catalytic potential may thus be advantageous for environmental research considering the current need for pollutant removal. This review outlines the perspective of current remediation approaches and highlights the advantageous features of enzyme-linked CNTs in the removal of pollutants, emphasizing their reusability and stability aspects. Furthermore, different applications of enzyme-linked CNTs in environmental research with concluding remarks and future outlooks have been highlighted. Enzyme-linked CNTs serve as a robust biocatalytic platform for the sustainability agenda with the aim of keeping the environment clean and safe from a variety of organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965, Poznan, Poland; Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12 Str., 80-233, Gdansk, Poland; Advanced Materials Center, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Anil Kumar Singh
- Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico; Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico
| | - Jakub Zdarta
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Chrobok
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965, Poznan, Poland.
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10
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Menon A, Pandurangan Maragatham V, Samuel M, Arunraj R. Properties and applications of α-galactosidase in agricultural waste processing and secondary agricultural process industries. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:21-31. [PMID: 37555350 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture products form the foundation building blocks of our daily lives. Although they have been claimed to be renewable resources with a low carbon footprint, the agricultural community is constantly challenged to overcome two post-harvest bottlenecks: first, farm bio-waste, a substantial economic and environmental burden to the farming sector, and second, an inefficient agricultural processing sector, plagued by the need for significant energy input to generate the products. Both these sectors require extensive processing technologies that are demanding in their energy requirements and expensive. To address these issues, an enzyme(s)-based green chemistry is available to break down complex structures into bio-degradable compounds that source alternate energy with valuable by-products and co-products. α-Galactosidase is a widespread class of glycoside hydroxylases that hydrolyzes α-galactosyl moieties in simple and complex oligo and polysaccharides, glycolipids, and glycoproteins. As a result of its growing importance, in this review we discuss the source of the enzyme, production and purification systems, and enzyme properties. We also elaborate on the enzyme's potential in agricultural bio-waste management, secondary agricultural industries like sugar refining, soymilk derivatives, food and confectionery, and animal feed processing. Insight into this vital enzyme will provide new avenues for less expensive green chemistry-based secondary agricultural processing and agricultural sustainability. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Menon
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, College of Engineering and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Vetriselvi Pandurangan Maragatham
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, College of Engineering and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Marcus Samuel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rex Arunraj
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, College of Engineering and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
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11
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Gennari A, Simon R, Benvenutti EV, Nicolodi S, Renard G, Chies JM, Volpato G, Volken de Souza CF. Magnetic core-shell cellulose system for the oriented immobilization of a recombinant β-galactosidase with a protein tag. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128418. [PMID: 38029902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to immobilize a recombinant β-galactosidase (Gal) tagged with a cellulose-binding domain (CBD) onto a magnetic core-shell (CS) cellulose system. After 30 min of reaction, 4 U/capsule were immobilized (CS@Gal), resulting in levels of yield and efficiency exceeding 80 %. The optimal temperature for β-galactosidase-CBD activity increased from 40 to 50 °C following oriented immobilization. The inhibitory effect of galactose decreased in the enzyme reactions catalyzed by CS@Gal, and Mg2+ increased the immobilized enzyme activity by 40 % in the magnetic CS cellulose system. The relative enzyme activity of the CS@Gal was 20 % higher than that of the soluble enzyme activity after 20 min at 50 °C. The CS support and CS@Gal capsules exhibited an average size of 8 ± 1 mm, with the structure of the shell (alginate-pectin-cellulose) enveloping and isolating the magnetic core. The immobilized β-galactosidase-CBD within the magnetic CS cellulose system retained ∼80 % of its capacity to hydrolyze lactose from skim milk after 10 reuse cycles. This study unveils a novel and promising support for the oriented immobilization of recombinant β-galactosidase using a magnetic CS system and a CBD tag. This support facilitates β-galactosidase reuse and efficient separation, consequently enhancing the catalytic properties of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Gennari
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Renate Simon
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Sabrina Nicolodi
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gaby Renard
- Quatro G Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento Ltda, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Giandra Volpato
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul - IFRS, Campus Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Claucia Fernanda Volken de Souza
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil.
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12
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Wang J, Wang L, Yang C, Zhu Y, Chen Z, He G, Hu K, Liu K, Fang B, Li D, Shi R. Preparation of magnetic polyacrylamide hydrogel with chitosan for immobilization of glutamate decarboxylase to produce γ-aminobutyric acid. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 54:103-114. [PMID: 37184437 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2209884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an vital neurotransmitter, and the reaction to obtain GABA through biocatalysis requires coenzymes, which are therefore limited in the production of GABA. In this study, polyacrylamide hydrogels doped with chitosan and waste toner were synthesized for glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and coenzyme co-immobilization to realize the production of GABA and the recovery of coenzymes. Enzymatic properties of immobilized GAD were discussed. The immobilized enzymes have significantly improved pH and temperature tolerance compared to free enzymes. In terms of reusability, after 10 repeated reuses of the immobilized GAD, the residual enzyme activity of immobilized GAD still retains 100% of the initial enzyme activity, and the immobilized coenzyme can also be kept at about 32%, with better stability and reusability. And under the control of no exogenous pH, immobilized GAD showed good performance in producing GABA. Therefore, in many ways, the new composite hydrogel provides another way for the utilization of waste toner and promises the possibility of industrial production of GABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental & Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental & Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengli Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental & Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yihui Zhu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental & Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziqian Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental & Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Guanya He
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental & Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaishun Hu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental & Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaixuan Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental & Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Beibei Fang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental & Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Dali Li
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental & Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruofu Shi
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental & Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
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13
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Hamed EM, Rai V, Li SFY. Single-atom nanozymes with peroxidase-like activity: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 346:140557. [PMID: 38303399 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Single-atom nanozymes (SANs) are nanomaterials-based nanozymes with atomically dispersed enzyme-like active sites. SANs offer improved as well as tunable catalytic activity. The creation of extremely effective SANs and their potential uses have piqued researchers' curiosity due to their advantages of cheap cost, variable catalytic activity, high stability, and large-scale production. Furthermore, SANs with uniformly distributed active centers and definite coordination structures offer a distinctive opportunity to investigate the structure-activity correlation and control the geometric and electrical features of metal centers. SANs have been extensively explored in photo-, thermal-, and electro-catalysis. However, SANs suffer from the following disadvantages, such as efficiency, non-mimicking of the 3-D complexity of natural enzymes, limited and narrow range of artificial SANs, and biosafety aspects. Among a quite limited range of artificial SANs, the peroxidase action of SANs has attracted significant research attention in the last five years with the aim of producing reactive oxygen species for use in cancer therapy, and water treatment among many other applications. In this review, we explore the recent progress of different SANs as peroxidase mimics, the role of the metal center in enzymatic activity, possible prospects, and underlying limitations in real-time applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam M Hamed
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Varun Rai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, 211002, India
| | - Sam F Y Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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14
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Jiang S, Gu Q, Yu X. Detection of insecticides by Tetronarce californica acetylcholinesterase via expression and in silico analysis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:7657-7671. [PMID: 37831186 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12780-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is involved in termination of synaptic transmission at cholinergic synapses and plays a vital role in the insecticide detection and inhibitor screening. Here, we report the heterologous expression of an AChE from Tetronarce californica (TcA) in Escherichia coli (E. coli) as a soluble active protein. TcA was immobilized in calcium alginate beads; the morphology, biochemical properties, and insecticide detection performance of free and immobilized TcA were characterized. Moreover, we used sequence, structure-based approaches, and molecular docking to investigate structural and functional characterization of TcA. The results showed that TcA exhibited a specific activity of 102 U/mg, with optimal activity at pH 8.0 and 30 °C. Immobilized TcA demonstrated superior thermal stability, pH stability, and storage stability compared to the free enzyme. The highest sensitivity of free TcA was observed with trichlorfon, whereas immobilized TcA showed reduced IC50 values towards tested insecticides by 3 to 180-fold. Molecular docking analysis revealed the interaction of trichlorfon, acephate, isoprocarb, λ-cyhalothrin, and fenpropathrin in the active site gorge of TcA, particularly mediated through the formation of hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking. Therefore, TcA expressed heterologously in E. coli is a promising candidate for applications in food safety and environmental analysis. KEY POINTS: • T. californica AChE was expressed solubly in prokaryotic system. • The biochemical properties of free/immobilized enzyme were characterized. • The sensitivity of enzyme to insecticides was evaluated in vitro and in silico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoqi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Li-Hu Road, Bin-Hu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuya Gu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Li-Hu Road, Bin-Hu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaobin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Li-Hu Road, Bin-Hu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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15
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Wang R, Wang Y, Song J, Tian C, Jing X, Zhao P, Xia Q. A novel method for silkworm cocoons self-degumming and its effect on silk fibers. J Adv Res 2023; 53:87-98. [PMID: 36572337 PMCID: PMC10658416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Conventional hot-alkaline cocoon degumming techniques greatly weaken the physicochemical and mechanical properties of silk fibroin fiber, thus affecting the quality of silk fabric. Moreover, it causes massive energy waste and serious environmental pollution. OBJECTIVE This study aims to establish a novel cocoon self-degumming method by genetic modification of silkworm varieties and silk fibers. METHODS The self-degummed cocoon material was generated by specifically overexpressing trypsinogen protein in the sericin layer of silk thread; the effect of cocoon self-degumming method was evaluated by the degumming rate of sericin protein, the cleanliness and equivalent diameter of silk fibroin fiber; the basic characteristics of silk fibroin fiber degummed by cocoon self-degumming method and conventional hot-alkaline degumming technique were determined by electron microscopy, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and tensile tests; the composition and biological activity of degummed sericin protein was respectively analyzed by liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry and cytological experiments. RESULTS The genetically engineered self-degumming cocoon containing trypsinogen protein was successfully created, and the content of trypsinogen protein in silk was 47.14 ± 0.90 mg/g. The sericin protein in the self-degumming cocoon was removed out in water or 1 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH = 8.0). Compared to alkaline-degummed silk fibroin, self-degummed silk fibroin had better cleanliness, thicker equivalent diameter, more complete silk structure and better mechanical property. In addition, sericin protein degummed from self-degumming cocoons significantly promoted cell proliferation and caused no obvious cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION Compared to conventional hot-alkaline degumming technique, the cocoon self-degumming method by genetically overexpressing trypsinogen protein in sericin layer of silk thread can self-degummed in a mild degumming condition, and gain silk fiber with better quality and more biologically active sericin protein products. This strategy can not only reduce the environmental impact, but also generate greater economic value, which will accelerate its application in the silk and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuancheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China; Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City & Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyuan Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China; Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City & Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China; Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City & Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Shirvani A, Mirzaaghaei M, Goli SAH. Application of natural fining agents to clarify fruit juices. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:4190-4216. [PMID: 37615977 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of fruit juices has been increasingly growing all over the world. The clarification process is considered as one of the most important stages in fruit juice production, which can provide the products with desired clear visual appearance. Nowadays, the tendency of consumers to use the natural-clarified fruit juices encourages the researchers to allocate much attention on utilization of natural clarifying agents to clarify different fruit juices. This review article has first introduced the most frequent causes of turbidity in fruit juices including polysaccharides (i.e., cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, starch, and pectic substances), proteins and polyphenols (especially tannins) as well as their removal mechanisms. After that, a comprehensive summary of research on natural fining agents, including clay minerals, polysaccharides, proteins, enzymes (free and immobilized forms), and activated carbon is provided with a focus on their application in the juice clarification process. The chemical composition of natural substances, their efficiency on reduction of turbidity-causing compounds and the changes in properties of clarified juices such as turbidity (clarity), total phenolic content, total anthocyanins, viscosity, and sensory evaluation followed by their stability during the storage have been deeply discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefe Shirvani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mirzaaghaei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sayed Amir Hossein Goli
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
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17
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Shi N, Zheng M, Wu X, Chen N, Jiang L, Chang B, Lu F, Liu F. Construction and Catalytic Study of Affinity Peptide Orientation and Light Crosslinking Immobilized Sucrose Isomerase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:13401-13408. [PMID: 37647235 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel affinity peptide orientation and light-controlled covalent immobilized method was developed. Sucrose isomerase (SI) was selected as the model enzyme. Molecular simulation was first performed to select the targeted immobilization region. Subsequently, a short peptide (H2N-VNIGGX-COOH, VG) with high affinity to this region was rationally designed. Thereafter, 4-benzoyl-l-phenylalanine with the photosensitive group of benzophenone was introduced. Then, the affinity between the ligand and the SI was validated using molecular dynamics simulation. Thereafter, the SI was directionally immobilized onto the surface of the epoxy resin (EP) guided by VG via photo-crosslinking, and thus the oriented photo-crosslinking enzymes were obtained. The enzymatic activity, thermostability, and reusability of the affinity directional photo-crosslinked immobilized sucrose isomerase (hv-EP-VG-SI) were systematically studied. The oriented immobilization enzymes were significantly improved in recycling and heat resistance. Moreover, hv-EP-VG-SI retained more than 90% of the original activity and 50% of the activity after 11 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Shi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Mingqiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xinming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Luying Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Baogen Chang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Fuping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Fufeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
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18
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Khiari O, Bouzemi N, Sánchez-Montero JM, Alcántara AR. Easy and Versatile Technique for the Preparation of Stable and Active Lipase-Based CLEA-like Copolymers by Using Two Homofunctional Cross-Linking Agents: Application to the Preparation of Enantiopure Ibuprofen. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13664. [PMID: 37686470 PMCID: PMC10487927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
An easy and versatile method was designed and applied successfully to obtain access to lipase-based cross-linked-enzyme aggregate-like copolymers (CLEA-LCs) using one-pot, consecutive cross-linking steps using two types of homobifunctional cross-linkers (glutaraldehyde and putrescine), mediated with amine activation through pH alteration (pH jump) as a key step in the process. Six lipases were utilised in order to assess the effectiveness of the technique, in terms of immobilization yields, hydrolytic activities, thermal stability and application in kinetic resolution. A good retention of catalytic properties was found for all cases, together with an important thermal and storage stability improvement. Particularly, the CLEA-LCs derived from Candida rugosa lipase showed an outstanding behaviour in terms of thermostability and capability for catalysing the enantioselective hydrolysis of racemic ibuprofen ethyl ester, furnishing the eutomer (S)-ibuprofen with very high conversion and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Khiari
- Eco Compatible Asymmetric Catalysis Laboratory (LCAE), Department of Chemistry, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba 23000, Algeria; (O.K.); (N.B.)
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Ciudad Universitaria, Plaza de Ramon y Cajal, s/n., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nassima Bouzemi
- Eco Compatible Asymmetric Catalysis Laboratory (LCAE), Department of Chemistry, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba 23000, Algeria; (O.K.); (N.B.)
| | - José María Sánchez-Montero
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Ciudad Universitaria, Plaza de Ramon y Cajal, s/n., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés R. Alcántara
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Ciudad Universitaria, Plaza de Ramon y Cajal, s/n., 28040 Madrid, Spain
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dos Santos LN, Perna RF, Vieira AC, de Almeida AF, Ferreira NR. Trends in the Use of Lipases: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis. Foods 2023; 12:3058. [PMID: 37628057 PMCID: PMC10453403 DOI: 10.3390/foods12163058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Scientific mapping using bibliometric data network analysis was applied to analyze research works related to lipases and their industrial applications, evaluating the current state of research, challenges, and opportunities in the use of these biocatalysts, based on the evaluation of a large number of publications on the topic, allowing a comprehensive systematic data analysis, which had not yet been conducted in relation to studies specifically covering lipases and their industrial applications. Thus, studies involving lipase enzymes published from 2018 to 2022 were accessed from the Web of Science database. The extracted records result in the analysis of terms of bibliographic compatibility among the articles, co-occurrence of keywords, and co-citation of journals using the VOSviewer algorithm in the construction of bibliometric maps. This systematic review analysis of 357 documents, including original and review articles, revealed studies inspired by lipase enzymes in the research period, showing that the development of research, together with different areas of knowledge, presents good results related to the applications of lipases, due to information synchronization. Furthermore, this review showed the main challenges in lipase applications regarding increased production and operational stability; establishing well-defined evaluation criteria, such as cultivation conditions, activity, biocatalyst stability, type of support and reactor; thermodynamic studies; reuse cycles; and it can assist in defining goals for the development of successful large-scale applications, showing several points for improvement of future studies on lipase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucely Nogueira dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Institute of Technology, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil;
| | - Rafael Firmani Perna
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Poços de Caldas 37715-400, Brazil; (R.F.P.); (A.C.V.)
| | - Ana Carolina Vieira
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Poços de Caldas 37715-400, Brazil; (R.F.P.); (A.C.V.)
| | - Alex Fernando de Almeida
- Engineering of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, Federal University of Tocantins (UFT-TO), Gurupi 77402-970, Brazil;
| | - Nelson Rosa Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Institute of Technology, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil;
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Institute of Technology, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil
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20
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del-Bosque D, Vila-Crespo J, Ruipérez V, Fernández-Fernández E, Rodríguez-Nogales JM. Entrapment of Glucose Oxidase and Catalase in Silica-Calcium-Alginate Hydrogel Reduces the Release of Gluconic Acid in Must. Gels 2023; 9:622. [PMID: 37623077 PMCID: PMC10454090 DOI: 10.3390/gels9080622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose oxidase (GOX) and catalase (CAT) were co-immobilized in silica-calcium-alginate hydrogels to degrade must glucose. The effect of the enzyme dose (1.2-2.4 U/mL), the initial must pH (3.6-4.0), and the incubation temperature (10-20 °C) on the glucose consumption, gluconic acid concentration, pH, and color intensity of Verdejo must was studied by using a Box-Behnken experimental design and comparing free and co-immobilized enzymes. A reduction of up to 37.3 g/L of glucose was observed in co-immobilized enzyme-treated must, corresponding to a decrease in its potential alcohol strength of 2.0% vol. (v/v), while achieving a slight decrease in its pH (between 0.28 and 0.60). This slight acidification was due to a significant reduction in the estimated gluconic acid found in the must (up to 73.7%), likely due to its accumulation inside the capsules. Regarding the operational stability of immobilized enzymes, a gradual reduction in glucose consumption was observed over eight consecutive cycles. Finally, co-immobilized enzymes showed enhanced efficiency over a reaction period of 48 h, with an 87.1% higher ratio of glucose consumed per enzyme dose in the second 24 h period compared with free enzymes. These findings provide valuable insights into the performance of GOX-CAT co-immobilized to produce reduced-alcohol wines, mitigating excessive must acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- David del-Bosque
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (D.d.-B.); (E.F.-F.)
| | - Josefina Vila-Crespo
- Área de Microbiología, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (J.V.-C.); (V.R.)
| | - Violeta Ruipérez
- Área de Microbiología, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (J.V.-C.); (V.R.)
| | - Encarnación Fernández-Fernández
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (D.d.-B.); (E.F.-F.)
| | - José Manuel Rodríguez-Nogales
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (D.d.-B.); (E.F.-F.)
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21
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Zong X, Huang M, Wen L, Li Y, Li L. Immobilized glucoamylase based on ZIF-8: Preparation, response surface optimization, characterization. J Food Sci 2023. [PMID: 37326335 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The glucoamylase@ZIF-8 was prepared using ZIF-8 material as the carrier in this study. The preparation process was optimized by response surface methodology, and the stability of glucoamylase@ZIF-8 was determined. The material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that the optimum preparation process of glucoamylase@ZIF-8 was 1.65 mol 2-methylimidazole, 5.85 mL glucoamylase, 33°C stirring temperature, 90 min stirring time, and 84.0230% ± 0.6006% embedding rate. At 100°C, the free glucoamylase completely lost its activity, whereas the glucoamylase@ZIF-8 still had a retained enzyme activity of 12.0123% ± 0.86158%; at pH 3-6, the highest activity of glucoamylase@ZIF-8 was 95.9531% ± 0.96181%, and about 80% of glucoamylase activity could be retained under alkaline conditions. When the ethanol concentration was 13%, the retained enzyme activity was 7.9316% ± 0.19805%, significantly higher than free enzymes. The Km of glucoamylase@ZIF-8 and free enzyme were 1235.6825 and 80.317 mg/mL, respectively. Vmax was 0.2453 and 0.149 mg/(mL min), respectively. The appearance, crystal strength, and thermal stability of glucoamylase@ZIF-8 were improved after optimization, and they had high reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyan Zong
- Liquor Brewing Biotechnology and Application Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin, Sichuan, China
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Huang
- Liquor Brewing Biotechnology and Application Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin, Sichuan, China
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Wen
- Liquor Brewing Biotechnology and Application Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin, Sichuan, China
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanyi Li
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin, Sichuan, China
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22
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Guitton-Spassky T, Junge F, Singh AK, Schade B, Achazi K, Maglione M, Sigrist S, Rashmi R, Haag R. Fluorinated dendritic amphiphiles, their stomatosome aggregates and application in enzyme encapsulation. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:7781-7791. [PMID: 37016756 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00493g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes are more selective and efficient than synthetic catalysts but are limited by difficult recycling. This is overcome by immobilisation, namely through encapsulation, with the main drawback of this method being slow diffusion of products and reactants, resulting in effectively lowered enzyme activity. Fluorinated dendritic amphiphiles were reported to self-assemble into regularly perforated bilayer vesicles, so-called "stomatosomes". It was proposed that they could be promising novel reaction vessels due to their increased porosity while retaining larger biomolecules at the same time. Amphiphiles were synthesised and their aggregation was analysed by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) in buffered conditions necessary for enzyme encapsulation. Urease and albumin were encapsulated using the thin-film hydration method and investigated by confocal and time-gated stimulated emission depletion microscopy (gSTED). Their release was then used to probe the selective retention of cargo by stomatosomes. Free and encapsulated enzyme activity were compared and their capacity to be reused was evaluated using the Berthelot method. Urease was successfully encapsulated, did not leak out at room temperature, and showed better activity in perforated vesicles than in closed vesicles without perforations. Encapsulated enzyme could be reused with retained activity over 8 cycles using centrifugation, while free enzyme had to be filtrated. These results show that stomatosomes may be used in enzyme immobilisation applications and present advantages over closed vesicles or free enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Guitton-Spassky
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, Berlin, 14195 Germany.
| | - Florian Junge
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, Berlin, 14195 Germany.
| | - Abhishek Kumar Singh
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, Berlin, 14195 Germany.
| | - Boris Schade
- Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 36a, Berlin, 14195 Germany
| | - Katharina Achazi
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, Berlin, 14195 Germany.
| | - Marta Maglione
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, Berlin, 14195 Germany.
- Institute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 6, Berlin, 14195 Germany
| | - Stephan Sigrist
- Institute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 6, Berlin, 14195 Germany
| | - Rashmi Rashmi
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, Berlin, 14195 Germany.
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, Berlin, 14195 Germany.
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23
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Artico M, Roux C, Peruch F, Mingotaud AF, Montanier CY. Grafting of proteins onto polymeric surfaces: A synthesis and characterization challenge. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 64:108106. [PMID: 36738895 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This review aims at answering the following question: how can a researcher be sure to succeed in grafting a protein onto a polymer surface? Even if protein immobilization on solid supports has been used industrially for a long time, hence enabling natural enzymes to serve as a powerful tool, emergence of new supports such as polymeric surfaces for the development of so-called intelligent materials requires new approaches. In this review, we introduce the challenges in grafting protein on synthetic polymers, mainly because compared to hard surfaces, polymers may be sensitive to various aqueous media, depending on the pH or reductive molecules, or may exhibit state transitions with temperature. Then, the specificity of grafting on synthetic polymers due to difference of chemical functions availability or difference of physical properties are summarized. We present next the various available routes to covalently bond the protein onto the polymeric substrates considering the functional groups coming from the monomers used during polymerization reaction or post-modification of the surfaces. We also focus our review on a major concern of grafting protein, which is avoiding the potential loss of function of the immobilized protein. Meanwhile, this review considers the different methods of characterization used to determine the grafting efficiency but also the behavior of enzymes once grafted. We finally dedicate the last part of this review to industrial application and future prospective, considering the sustainable processes based on green chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Artico
- Laboratory IMRCP, CNRS UMR 5623, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - C Roux
- Laboratory IMRCP, CNRS UMR 5623, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - F Peruch
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, Pessac, France
| | - A-F Mingotaud
- Laboratory IMRCP, CNRS UMR 5623, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
| | - C Y Montanier
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France.
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24
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Xing M, Chen Y, Dai W, He X, Li B, Tian S. Immobilized short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase on Fe 3O 4 particles acts as a magnetically recoverable biocatalyst component in patulin bio-detoxification system. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130986. [PMID: 36860057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Patulin is one of the most important mycotoxins that contaminates fruit-derived products and causes acute or chronic toxicity in humans. In the present study, a novel patulin-degrading enzyme preparation was developed by taking a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase and covalently linking it to dopamine/polyethyleneimine co-deposited magnetic Fe3O4 particles. Optimum immobilization provided 63% immobilization efficiency and 62% activity recovery. Moreover, the immobilization protocol substantially improved thermal and storage stabilities, proteolysis resistance, and reusability. Using reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate as a cofactor, the immobilized enzyme exhibited a detoxification rate of 100% in phosphate-buffered saline and a detoxification rate of more than 80% in apple juice. The immobilized enzyme did not cause adverse effects on juice quality and could be magnetically separated quickly after detoxification to ensure convenient recycling. Moreover, it did not exhibit cytotoxicity against a human gastric mucosal epithelial cell line at a concentration of 100 mg/L. Consequently, the immobilized enzyme as a biocatalyst had the characteristics of high efficiency, stability, safety, and easy separation, establishing the first step in building a bio-detoxification system to control patulin contamination in juice and beverage products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Xing
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Wanqin Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao He
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Boqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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25
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Del-Bosque D, Vila-Crespo J, Ruipérez V, Fernández-Fernández E, Rodríguez-Nogales JM. Silica-Calcium-Alginate Hydrogels for the Co-Immobilization of Glucose Oxidase and Catalase to Reduce the Glucose in Grape Must. Gels 2023; 9:gels9040320. [PMID: 37102932 PMCID: PMC10138109 DOI: 10.3390/gels9040320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Higher temperatures due to climate change are causing greater sugar production in grapes and more alcoholic wines. The use of glucose oxidase (GOX) and catalase (CAT) in grape must is a biotechnological green strategy to produce reduced-alcohol wines. GOX and CAT were effectively co-immobilized by sol-gel entrapment in silica-calcium-alginate hydrogel capsules. The optimal co-immobilization conditions were achieved at a concentration of the colloidal silica, sodium silicate and sodium alginate of 7.38%, 0.49% and 1.51%, respectively, at pH 6.57. The formation of a porous silica-calcium-alginate structure was confirmed by environmental scanning electron microscopy and the elemental analysis of the hydrogel by X-ray spectroscopy. The immobilized GOX showed a Michaelis-Menten kinetic, while the immobilized CAT fits better to an allosteric model. Immobilization also conferred superior GOX activity at low pH and temperature. The capsules showed a good operational stability, as they could be reused for at least 8 cycles. A substantial reduction of 26.3 g/L of glucose was achieved with encapsulated enzymes, which corresponds to a decrease in potential alcoholic strength of must of about 1.5% vol. These results show that co-immobilized GOX and CAT in silica-calcium-alginate hydrogels is a promising strategy to produce reduced-alcohol wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Del-Bosque
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Valladolid, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierías Agrarias, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Josefina Vila-Crespo
- Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierías Agrarias, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Violeta Ruipérez
- Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierías Agrarias, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Encarnación Fernández-Fernández
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Valladolid, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierías Agrarias, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - José Manuel Rodríguez-Nogales
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Valladolid, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierías Agrarias, 34004 Palencia, Spain
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26
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Weng Y, Wan A, Li Y, Liu Y, Chen X, Song H, Zhao CX. Scalable manufacturing of enzyme loaded alginate particles with excellent thermal and storage stability for industrial applications. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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27
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Kikani B, Patel R, Thumar J, Bhatt H, Rathore DS, Koladiya GA, Singh SP. Solvent tolerant enzymes in extremophiles: Adaptations and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124051. [PMID: 36933597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Non-aqueous enzymology has always drawn attention due to the wide range of unique possibilities in biocatalysis. In general, the enzymes do not or insignificantly catalyze substrate in the presence of solvents. This is due to the interfering interactions of the solvents between enzyme and water molecules at the interface. Therefore, information about solvent-stable enzymes is scarce. Yet, solvent-stable enzymes prove quite valuable in the present day biotechnology. The enzymatic hydrolysis of the substrates in solvents synthesizes commercially valuable products, such as peptides, esters, and other transesterification products. Extremophiles, the most valuable yet not extensively explored candidates, can be an excellent source to investigate this avenue. Due to inherent structural attributes, many extremozymes can catalyze and maintain stability in organic solvents. In the present review, we aim to consolidate information about the solvent-stable enzymes from various extremophilic microorganisms. Further, it would be interesting to learn about the mechanism adapted by these microorganisms to sustain solvent stress. Various approaches to protein engineering are used to enhance catalytic flexibility and stability and broaden biocatalysis's prospects under non-aqueous conditions. It also describes strategies to achieve optimal immobilization with minimum inhibition of the catalysis. The proposed review would significantly aid our understanding of non-aqueous enzymology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavtosh Kikani
- Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India; Department of Biological Sciences, P.D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa 388 421, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajesh Patel
- Department of Biosciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat 395 007, Gujarat, India
| | - Jignasha Thumar
- Government Science College, Gandhinagar 382 016, Gujarat, India
| | - Hitarth Bhatt
- Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Atmiya University, Rajkot 360005, Gujarat, India
| | - Dalip Singh Rathore
- Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India; Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Gandhinagar 382 010, Gujarat, India
| | - Gopi A Koladiya
- Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India
| | - Satya P Singh
- Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India.
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28
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Zan Q, Long M, Zheng N, Zhang Z, Zhou H, Xu X, Osire T, Xia X. Improving ethanol tolerance of ethyl carbamate hydrolase by diphasic high pressure molecular dynamic simulations. AMB Express 2023; 13:32. [PMID: 36920541 PMCID: PMC10017909 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01538-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethyl carbamate (EC) is mainly found in fermented foods and fermented alcoholic beverages, which could cause carcinogenic potential to humans. Reducing EC is one of the key research priorities to address security of fermented foods. Enzymatic degradation of EC with EC hydrolase in food is the most reliable and efficient method. However, poor tolerance to ethanol severely hinders application of EC hydrolase. In this study, the mutants of EC hydrolase were screened by diphasic high pressure molecular dynamic simulations (dHP-MD). The best variant with remarkable improvement in specific activity and was H68A/K70R/S325N, whose specific activity was approximately 3.42-fold higher than WT, and relative enzyme activity under 20% (v/v) was 5.02-fold higher than WT. Moreover, the triple mutant increased its stability by acquiring more hydration shell and forming extra hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, the ability of degrading EC of the immobilized triple mutant was both detected in mock wine and under certain reaction conditions. The stability of immobilized triple mutant and WT were both improved, and immobilized triple mutant degraded nearly twice as much EC as that of immobilized WT. Overall, dHP-MD was proved to effectively improve enzyme activity and ethanol tolerance for extent application at industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijia Zan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengfei Long
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zehua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinjie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tolbert Osire
- Faculty of Biology, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaole Xia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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29
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Johan UUM, Rahman RNZRA, Kamarudin NHA, Latip W, Ali MSM. Immobilization of Hyperthermostable Carboxylesterase EstD9 from Anoxybacillus geothermalis D9 onto Polymer Material and Its Physicochemical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061361. [PMID: 36987142 PMCID: PMC10056866 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Carboxylesterase has much to offer in the context of environmentally friendly and sustainable alternatives. However, due to the unstable properties of the enzyme in its free state, its application is severely limited. The present study aimed to immobilize hyperthermostable carboxylesterase from Anoxybacillus geothermalis D9 with improved stability and reusability. In this study, Seplite LX120 was chosen as the matrix for immobilizing EstD9 by adsorption. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy verified the binding of EstD9 to the support. According to SEM imaging, the support surface was densely covered with the enzyme, indicating successful enzyme immobilization. BET analysis of the adsorption isotherm revealed reduction of the total surface area and pore volume of the Seplite LX120 after immobilization. The immobilized EstD9 showed broad thermal stability (10-100 °C) and pH tolerance (pH 6-9), with optimal temperature and pH of 80 °C and pH 7, respectively. Additionally, the immobilized EstD9 demonstrated improved stability towards a variety of 25% (v/v) organic solvents, with acetonitrile exhibiting the highest relative activity (281.04%). The bound enzyme exhibited better storage stability than the free enzyme, with more than 70% of residual activity being maintained over 11 weeks. Through immobilization, EstD9 can be reused for up to seven cycles. This study demonstrates the improvement of the operational stability and properties of the immobilized enzyme for better practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ummie Umaiera Mohd Johan
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abd Rahman
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hafizah Ahmad Kamarudin
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wahhida Latip
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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30
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Ma X, Liu D, Hou F. Sono-activation of food enzymes: From principles to practice. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:1184-1225. [PMID: 36710650 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, sono-activation of enzymes as an emerging research area has received considerable attention from food researchers. This kind of relatively new application of ultrasound has demonstrated promising potential in facilitating the modern food industry by broadening the application of various food enzymes, improving relevant industrial unit operation and productivity, as well as increasing the yield of target products. This review aims to provide insight into the fundamental principles and possible industrialization strategies of the sono-activation of food enzymes to facilitate its commercialization. This review first provides an overview of ultrasound application in the activation of food protease, carbohydrase, and lipase. Then, the recent development on ultrasound activation of food enzymes is discussed on aspects including mechanisms, influencing factors, modification effects, and its applications in real food systems for free and immobilized enzymes. Despite the far fewer studies on sono-activation of immobilized enzymes compared with those on free enzymes, we endeavored to summarize the relevant aspects in three stages: ultrasound pretreatment of free enzyme/carrier, assistance in immobilization process, and modification of the already immobilized enzyme. Lastly, challenges for the scalability of ultrasound in these target areas are discussed and future research prospects are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Ma
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Donghong Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Furong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
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31
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Lu T, Fu C, Xiong Y, Zeng Z, Fan Y, Dai X, Huang X, Ge J, Li X. Biodegradation of Aflatoxin B 1 in Peanut Oil by an Amphipathic Laccase-Inorganic Hybrid Nanoflower. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3876-3884. [PMID: 36791339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination is an important issue for the safety of edible oils. Enzymatic degradation is a promising approach for removing mycotoxins in a specific, efficient, and green manner. However, enzymatic degradation of mycotoxins in edible oil is challenging as a result of the low activity and stability of the enzyme. Herein, a novel strategy was proposed to degrade AFB1 in peanut oil using an amphipathic laccase-inorganic hybrid nanoflower (Lac NF-P) as a biocatalyst. Owing to the improved microenvironment of the enzymatic reaction and the enhanced stability of the enzyme structure, the proposed amphipathic Lac NF-P showed 134- and 3.2-fold increases in the degradation efficiency of AFB1 in comparison to laccase and Lac NF, respectively. AFB1 was removed to less than 0.96 μg/kg within 3 h when using Lac NF-P as a catalyst in the peanut oil, with the AFB1 concentration ranging from 50 to 150 μg/kg. Moreover, the quality of the peanut oil had no obvious change, and no leakage of catalyst was observed after the treatment of Lac NF-P. In other words, our study may open an avenue for the development of a novel biocatalyst for the detoxification of mycotoxins in edible oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianying Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Caicai Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheling Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunkai Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ge
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, People's Republic of China
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Ghattavi S, Homaei A. Marine enzymes: Classification and application in various industries. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123136. [PMID: 36621739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Oceans are regarded as a plentiful and sustainable source of biological compounds. Enzymes are a group of marine biomaterials that have recently drawn more attention because they are produced in harsh environmental conditions such as high salinity, extensive pH, a wide temperature range, and high pressure. Hence, marine-derived enzymes are capable of exhibiting remarkable properties due to their unique composition. In this review, we overviewed and discussed characteristics of marine enzymes as well as the sources of marine enzymes, ranging from primitive organisms to vertebrates, and presented the importance, advantages, and challenges of using marine enzymes with a summary of their applications in a variety of industries. Current biotechnological advancements need the study of novel marine enzymes that could be applied in a variety of ways. Resources of marine enzyme can benefit greatly for biotechnological applications duo to their biocompatible, ecofriendly and high effectiveness. It is beneficial to use the unique characteristics offered by marine enzymes to either develop new processes and products or improve existing ones. As a result, marine-derived enzymes have promising potential and are an excellent candidate for a variety of biotechnology applications and a future rise in the use of marine enzymes is to be anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Ghattavi
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ahmad Homaei
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
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Wang K, Zhao L, Li T, Wang Q, Ding Z, Dong W. Selective Immobilization of His-Tagged Enzyme on Ni-Chelated Ion Exchange Resin and Its Application in Protein Purification. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043864. [PMID: 36835274 PMCID: PMC9960010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion exchange resins are suitable as carriers for immobilized enzymes because of their stable physicochemical properties, appropriate particle size and pore structure, and lower loss in continuous operation. In this paper, we report the application of the Ni-chelated ion exchange resin in the immobilization of His-tagged enzyme and protein purification. Acrylic weak acid cation exchange resin (D113H) was selected from four cationic macroporous resins that could chelate the transition metal ion Ni. The maximum adsorption capacity of Ni was ~198 mg/g. Phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) can be successfully immobilized on Ni-chelated D113H from crude enzyme solution through chelation of transition metal ions with the His-tag on the enzyme. The maximum amount of immobilized PMI on the resin was ~143 mg/g. Notably, the immobilized enzyme showed excellent reusability and maintained 92% of its initial activity with 10 cycles of catalytic reaction. In addition, PMI was successfully purified using an affinity chromatography column prepared by Ni-chelated D113H, which showed the potential for the immobilization and purification process to be realized in one step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Liting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Correspondence: (Q.W.); (W.D.)
| | - Zhongyang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Weifu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: (Q.W.); (W.D.)
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Dual-Enzyme Cascade Composed of Chitosan Coated FeS 2 Nanozyme and Glucose Oxidase for Sensitive Glucose Detection. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031357. [PMID: 36771024 PMCID: PMC9919173 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immobilizing enzymes with nanozymes to catalyze cascade reactions overcomes many of the shortcomings of biological enzymes in industrial manufacturing. In the study, glucose oxidases were covalently bound to FeS2 nanozymes as immobilization carriers while chitosan encapsulation increased the activity and stability of the immobilized enzymes. The immobilized enzymes exhibited a 10% greater increase in catalytic efficiency than the free enzymes while also being more stable and catalytically active in environments with an alkaline pH of 9.0 and a high temperature of 100 °C. Additionally, the FeS2 nanozyme-driven double-enzyme cascade reaction showed high glucose selectivity, even in the presence of lactose, dopamine, and uric acid, with a limit of detection (LOD) (S/N = 3) as low as 1.9 × 10-6 M. This research demonstrates that nanozymes may be employed as ideal carriers for biological enzymes and that the nanozymes can catalyze cascade reactions together with natural enzymes, offering new insights into interactions between natural and synthetic biosystems.
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MOTTA JFG, FREITAS BCBD, ALMEIDA AFD, MARTINS GADS, BORGES SV. Use of enzymes in the food industry: a review. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.106222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Ishiguro T, Obata A, Nagata K, Kasuga T, Mizuno T. Core-shell fibremats comprising a poly(AM/DAAM)/ADH nanofibre core and nylon6 shell layer are an attractive immobilization platform for constructing immobilised enzymes. RSC Adv 2022; 12:34931-34940. [PMID: 36540265 PMCID: PMC9727829 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06620c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Core-shell fibremats, comprising poly(acrylamide)-co-poly(diacetone-acrylamide)/adipic dihydrazide [poly(AM/DAAM)/ADH] core-nanofibres and hydrophobic polymer shell layers, are a new class of platforms for constructing various immobilised enzymes. In this study, to elucidate the impacts of the shell-layer material on fibremat properties and enzymatic activities, we synthesised core-shell fibremats with shell layers comprising nylon6 or acetyl cellulose (AcCel) instead of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), as in our previous study. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the lactase-encapsulated poly(AM/DAAM)/ADH-nylon6 and -AcCel fibremats were both constructed like the poly(AM/DAAM)/ADH-PCL one. Leakage measurements of the beforehand loaded molecules inside the core-nanofibres revealed that both fibremats exhibited efficient permeability for low-molecular-weight molecules and stable retention of enzyme molecules inside the core-nanofibres. Meanwhile, the fibremats' mechanical properties considerably depended on the choice of shell-layer material. The thermal analyses of the lactase-encapsulated fibremats revealed residual water inside the core nanofibres. The core-shell fibremats fabricated with a nylon6 or PCL shell exhibited excellent enzymatic activities (102 and 114%, respectively, compared to that of free lactase), superior to that of the same amount of free enzyme in a buffer. Furthermore, both core-shell fibremats retained over 95% of their initial enzymatic activities, even after they were re-used 10 times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taira Ishiguro
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku Nagoya Aichi 466-8555 Japan
| | - Akiko Obata
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku Nagoya Aichi 466-8555 Japan
| | - Kenji Nagata
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku Nagoya Aichi 466-8555 Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kasuga
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku Nagoya Aichi 466-8555 Japan
| | - Toshihisa Mizuno
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku Nagoya Aichi 466-8555 Japan
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso-cho Showa-ku Nagoya Aichi 466-8555 Japan
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37
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Agro-Industrial Food Waste as a Low-Cost Substrate for Sustainable Production of Industrial Enzymes: A Critical Review. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12111373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The grave environmental, social, and economic concerns over the unprecedented exploitation of non-renewable energy resources have drawn the attention of policy makers and research organizations towards the sustainable use of agro-industrial food and crop wastes. Enzymes are versatile biocatalysts with immense potential to transform the food industry and lignocellulosic biorefineries. Microbial enzymes offer cleaner and greener solutions to produce fine chemicals and compounds. The production of industrially important enzymes from abundantly present agro-industrial food waste offers economic solutions for the commercial production of value-added chemicals. The recent developments in biocatalytic systems are designed to either increase the catalytic capability of the commercial enzymes or create new enzymes with distinctive properties. The limitations of low catalytic efficiency and enzyme denaturation in ambient conditions can be mitigated by employing diverse and inexpensive immobilization carriers, such as agro-food based materials, biopolymers, and nanomaterials. Moreover, revolutionary protein engineering tools help in designing and constructing tailored enzymes with improved substrate specificity, catalytic activity, stability, and reaction product inhibition. This review discusses the recent developments in the production of essential industrial enzymes from agro-industrial food trash and the application of low-cost immobilization and enzyme engineering approaches for sustainable development.
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Xu L, Zhang Y, Zivkovic V, Zheng M. Deacidification of high-acid rice bran oil by the tandem continuous-flow enzymatic reactors. Food Chem 2022; 393:133440. [PMID: 35701271 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rice bran oil (RBO) contains a variety of nutrients, but the high acid values largely hinder its processing into edible oil. Thus, the tandem continuous-flow reactors are proposed and developed for the enzymatic deacidification of RBO and simultaneous production of functional oils. The results indicate that the Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) immobilized on the hydrophobic ordered mesoporous silicon (OMS-C18) increased 6.6 times of the catalytic activity and improved at least 20 ℃ of temperature tolerance compared to the commercial Novozym 435. The tandem continuous-flow enzymatic reactors removed 91.4% of free fatty acid and increased 9 and 12 times of phytosterol ester and diacylglycerol in RBO, respectively. Moreover, the retention rate of γ-oryzanol was at least 40% higher than that obtained by traditional alkali refining. This study provides an effective and sustainable method to continuously convert the low-value RBO into value-added products, which brings huge potential to cleaner industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liujia Xu
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Vladimir Zivkovic
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Mingming Zheng
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
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Chen Z, Oh WD, Yap PS. Recent advances in the utilization of immobilized laccase for the degradation of phenolic compounds in aqueous solutions: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135824. [PMID: 35944673 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds such as phenol, bisphenol A, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol, 4-chlorophenol and 4-nitrophenol are well known to be highly detrimental to both human and living beings. Thus, it is of critical importance that suitable remediation technologies are developed to effectively remove phenolic compounds from aqueous solutions. Biodegradation utilizing enzymatic technologies is a promising biotechnological solution to sustainably address the pollution in the aquatic environment as caused by phenolic compounds under a defined environmentally optimized strategy and thus should be investigated in great detail. This review aims to present the latest developments in the employment of immobilized laccase for the degradation of phenolic compounds in water. The review first succinctly delineates the fundamentals of biological enzyme degradation along with a critical discussion on the myriad types of laccase immobilization techniques, which include physical adsorption, ionic adsorption, covalent binding, entrapment, and self-immobilization. Then, this review presents the major properties of immobilized laccase, namely pH stability, thermal stability, reusability, and storage stability, as well as the degradation efficiencies and associated kinetic parameters. In addition, the optimization of the immobilized enzyme, specifically on laccase immobilization methods and multi-enzyme system are critically discussed. Finally, pertinent future perspectives are elucidated in order to significantly advance the developments of this research field to a higher level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghao Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wen-Da Oh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Pow-Seng Yap
- Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Wang Q, Liu T, Chen K, Wu D, Chen C, Chen M, Ma X, Xu J, Yao T, Li Y, Zhou H, Wu Y. Precise Regulation of Iron Spin States in Single FeN 4 Sites for Efficient Peroxidase-Mimicking Catalysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2204015. [PMID: 36123142 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic activity and selectivity of single-atom sites catalysts is strongly dependent on the supports structure and central metal coordination environment. However, the further optimization of electronic configuration to improve the catalytic performance is usually hampered by the strong coordination effect between the support and metal atoms. Herein, it is discovered that enzyme-mimicking catalytic performance can be enhanced at the fixed coordination single-atom Fe sites by regulating the Fe spin states. The X-ray absorption fine structure, 57 Fe Mössbauer spectrum, and temperature-dependent magnetization measurements reveal that the spin states of Fe in single FeN4 sites can be well manipulated via changing the pyrolysis temperature. The intermediate-spin Fe sites catalyst (t2g 4 eg 1) demonstrates a much higher peroxidase-mimicking activity in comparison with high-spin structure (t2g 3 eg 2). More importantly, the based enzymes system realizes sensitive detection of H2 O2 and glucose by colorimetric sensors with high catalytic activity and selectivity. Furthermore, theoretical calculations unveil that the intermediate-spin FeN4 promotes the OH* desorption process, thus greatly reducing the reaction energy barrier. These findings provide a route to design highly active enzyme-mimicking catalysts and an engineering approach for regulating spin states of metal sites to enhance their catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Tianyang Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Dan Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Cai Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Min Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xianhui Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Tao Yao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yafei Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huang Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yuen Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, China
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Liu D, Yang X, Zhang L, Tang Y, He H, Liang M, Tu Z, Zhu H. Immobilization of Biomass Materials for Removal of Refractory Organic Pollutants from Wastewater. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13830. [PMID: 36360710 PMCID: PMC9657116 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the field of environmental science and engineering, microorganisms, enzymes and algae are promising biomass materials that can effectively degrade pollutants. However, problems such as poor environmental adaptability, recycling difficulties, and secondary pollution exist in the practical application of non-immobilized biomass materials. Biomass immobilization is a novel environmental remediation technology that can effectively solve these problems. Compared with non-immobilized biomass, immobilized biomass materials have the advantages of reusability and stability in terms of pH, temperature, handling, and storage. Many researchers have studied immobilization technology (i.e., methods, carriers, and biomass types) and its applications for removing refractory organic pollutants. Based on this, this paper reviews biomass immobilization technology, outlines the mechanisms and factors affecting the removal of refractory organic pollutants, and introduces the application of immobilized biomass materials as fillers for reactors in water purification. This review provides some practical references for the preparation and application of immobilized biomass materials and promotes further research and development to expand the application range of this material for water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danxia Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yiyan Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Huijun He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology for Science and Education Combined with Science and Technology Innovation Base, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Meina Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology for Science and Education Combined with Science and Technology Innovation Base, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zhihong Tu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology for Science and Education Combined with Science and Technology Innovation Base, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hongxiang Zhu
- Guangxi Modern Industry College of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Guilin 541006, China
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42
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Shi X, Qin X, Dai Y, Liu X, Wang W, Zhong J. Improved catalytic properties of Candida antarctica lipase B immobilized on cetyl chloroformate-modified cellulose nanocrystals. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:1231-1240. [PMID: 36049567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic activity of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) immobilized on modified cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) with different hydrophobicity was investigated using experimental and theoretical approaches. Firstly, the modified CNC were characterized by multi-spectroscopic methods, water contact angle, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Moderately hydrophobic CNC were found to be an optimal support for CALB immobilization. Secondly, model systems contained a CALB molecule and different numbers of modified CNC molecules (CALB@3CNC-C16, CALB@10CNC-C16 and CALB@15CNC-C16) were prepared for molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Root-mean-square fluctuation values (0.61-2.61 Å) of lid region were relatively high in CALB@10CNC-C16, indicating that modified CNC with moderate hydrophobicity favored forming a lid-open conformation of CALB. Finally, the esterification of oleic acid catalyzed by the immobilized CALB showed higher conversion (54.68 %) than free CALB (12.98 %). Insights into modified CNC with tunable properties provided by this study may be a potential support for improving the catalytic performance of lipases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Shi
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaoli Qin
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yunxiang Dai
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Weifei Wang
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China.
| | - Jinfeng Zhong
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China.
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43
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Dong L, Chen G, Liu G, Huang X, Xu X, Li L, Zhang Y, Wang J, Jin M, Xu D, Abd El-Aty AM. A review on recent advances in the applications of composite Fe 3O 4 magnetic nanoparticles in the food industry. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1110-1138. [PMID: 36004607 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2113363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have attracted tremendous attention due to their superparamagnetic properties, large specific surface area, high biocompatibility, non-toxicity, large-scale production, and recyclability. More importantly, numerous hydroxyl groups (-OH) on the surface of Fe3O4 MNPs can provide coupling sites for various modifiers, forming versatile nanocomposites for applications in the energy, biomedicine, and environmental fields. With the development of science and technology, the potential of nanotechnology in the food industry has also gradually become prominent. However, the application of composite Fe3O4 MNPs in the food industry has not been systematically summarized. Herein, this article reviews composite Fe3O4 MNPs, including their properties, modifications, and physical functions, as well as their applications in the entire food industry from production to processing, storage, and detection. This review lays a solid foundation for promoting food innovation and improving food quality and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Dong
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ge Chen
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing, PR China
| | - Guangyang Liu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing, PR China
| | - XiaoMin Xu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lingyun Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yanguo Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agri-Produc-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture Rural Affairs China, Beijing, PR China
| | - Maojun Jin
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agri-Produc-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture Rural Affairs China, Beijing, PR China
| | - Donghui Xu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing, PR China
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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44
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Bordewick S, Berger RG, Ersoy F. Co-Immobilization of RizA Variants with Acetate Kinase for the Production of Bioactive Arginyl Dipeptides. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144352. [PMID: 35889224 PMCID: PMC9321006 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The biocatalytic system comprised of RizA and acetate kinase (AckA) combines the specific synthesis of bioactive arginyl dipeptides with efficient ATP regeneration. Immobilization of this coupled enzyme system was performed and characterized in terms of activity, specificity and reusability of the immobilisates. Co-immobilization of RizA and AckA into a single immobilisate conferred no disadvantage in comparison to immobilization of only RizA, and a small addition of AckA (20:1) was sufficient for ATP regeneration. New variants of RizA were constructed by combining mutations to yield variants with increased biocatalytic activity and specificity. A selection of RizA variants were co-immobilized with AckA and used for the production of the salt-taste enhancers Arg-Ser and Arg-Ala and the antihypertensive Arg-Phe. The best variants yielded final dipeptide concentrations of 11.3 mM Arg-Ser (T81F_A158S) and 11.8 mM Arg-Phe (K83F_S156A), the latter of which represents a five-fold increase in comparison to the wild-type enzyme. T81F_A158S retained more than 50% activity for over 96 h and K83F_S156A for over 72 h. This study provides the first example of the successful co-immobilization of an l-amino acid ligase with an ATP-regenerating enzyme and paves the way towards a bioprocess for the production of bioactive dipeptides.
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45
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Qi XW, Liu YM, Hu YK, Yuan H, Ayeni EA, Liao X. Ligand fishing based on tubular microchannel modified with monoamine oxidase B for screening of the enzyme's inhibitors from Crocus sativus and Edgeworthia gardneri. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:2394-2405. [PMID: 35461190 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A novel strategy of performing ligand fishing with enzyme-modified open tubular microchannel was proposed for screening bioactive components present in medicinal plants. Monoamine oxidase B was immobilized onto the surface of the microchannel for the first time to specifically extract its ligands when the plant's extracts solution flows through the channel. The thermal and the storage stability of immobilized monoamine oxidase B were significantly enhanced after immobilization. Crocin I and Ⅱ were extracted from Crocus sativus, and tiliroside was extracted from Edgeworthia gardneri. All the three compounds were inhibitors of the enzyme with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration values of 26.70 ± 0.91, 19.88 ± 2.78, and 15.65 ± 0.85 μM, respectively. The enzyme inhibition kinetics and molecular docking were investigated. This is the first report on the inhibitory effects of tiliroside and crocin Ⅱ. The novel ligand fishing method proposed in this work possesses advantages of rapidness, high efficiency, and tiny sample consumption compared to routine ligand fishing, with promising potential for screening active natural products in complex mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Wei Qi
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Ming Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Yi-Kao Hu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hao Yuan
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Emmanuel Ayodeji Ayeni
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xun Liao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, P. R. China
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46
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Improvement in the Thermostability of a Recombinant β-Glucosidase Immobilized in Zeolite under Different Conditions. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134105. [PMID: 35807351 PMCID: PMC9268045 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Glucosidase is part of the cellulases and is responsible for degrading cellobiose into glucose, a compound that can be used to produce biofuels. However, the use of the free enzyme makes the process more expensive. Enzyme immobilization improves catalytic characteristics and supports, such as zeolites, which have physical-chemical characteristics and ion exchange capacity that have a promising application in the biotechnological industry. This research aimed to immobilize by adsorption a recombinant β-glucosidase from Trichoderma reesei, obtained in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), in a commercial zeolite. A Box Behnken statistical design was applied to find the optimal immobilization parameters, the stability against pH and temperature was determined, and the immobilized enzyme was characterized by SEM. The highest enzymatic activity was determined with 100 mg of zeolite at 35 °C and 175 min. Compared to the free enzyme, the immobilized recombinant β-glucosidase presented greater activity from pH 2 to 4 and greater thermostability. The kinetic parameters were calculated, and a lower KM value was obtained for the immobilized enzyme compared to the free enzyme. The obtained immobilization parameters by a simple adsorption method and the significant operational stability indicate promising applications in different fields.
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47
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Mohammadi ZB, Zhang F, Kharazmi MS, Jafari SM. Nano-biocatalysts for food applications; immobilized enzymes within different nanostructures. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:11351-11369. [PMID: 35758266 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2092719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The rapid progress in modern technologies and paying more attention to food safety has prompted new green technologies superior than chemical methods in the food industry. In this regard, enzymes can decrease the usage of chemical reactions but they are sensitive to environmental effects (pH and temperature). In addition, enzymes are scarcely possible to be reused. Consequently, their application as natural catalysts is restricted. Using nanotechnology and the possibility of enzyme immobilization on nanomaterials has led to nanobiocatalysts, resulting from the integration of nanotechnology and biotechnology. Nanocarriers have individual features like nanoscale size, excellent surface/volume ratio, and diversity in construction to improve the activity, efficiency, stability, and storage stability of enzymes. Nanobiocatolysts have a wide range of applications in purification, extraction, clarification, production, and packaging of various products in the food industry. Furthermore, the application of nanobiocatalysts to identify specific components of food contaminants such as microorganisms or their metabolites, heavy metals, antibiotics, and residual pesticides has been successful due to the high accuracy of detection. This review investigates the integration of nanotechnology and food enzymes, the nanomaterials used to create nanobiocatalysts and their application, along with the possible risks and legal aspects of nanomaterials in food bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Beig Mohammadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fuyuan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | | | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Faculty of Food Science & Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
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48
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Weng Y, Ranaweera S, Zou D, Cameron A, Chen X, Song H, Zhao CX. Alginate Particles for Enzyme Immobilization Using Spray Drying. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:7139-7147. [PMID: 35648591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes are important catalysts for biological processes due to their high catalytic activity and selectivity. However, their low thermal stability limited their industrial applications. The present work demonstrates a simple and effective method for enzyme immobilization via spray drying. Alginate was used as a support material. Phytase, an important enzyme in the animal feed industry, was selected to study the effect of enzyme immobilization using alginate particles on its thermal stability. The physicochemical properties of alginate particles such as size, surface morphology, and heat resistance were studied. Successful immobilization of phytase was confirmed by confocal microscopy, and the immobilized phytase retained 58% of its original activity upon heating at 95 °C, compared to 4% when the alginate support material was absent. Phytase was released promptly in a simulated gastrointestinal tract with >95% of its original activity recovered. The spray drying method for phytase immobilization is scalable and applicable to other enzymes for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilun Weng
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Supun Ranaweera
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Da Zou
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Therapeutics Research Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Anna Cameron
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Hao Song
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Chun-Xia Zhao
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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49
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Nájera-Martínez EF, Melchor-Martínez EM, Sosa-Hernández JE, Levin LN, Parra-Saldívar R, Iqbal HMN. Lignocellulosic residues as supports for enzyme immobilization, and biocatalysts with potential applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 208:748-759. [PMID: 35364201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Growing demand for agricultural production means a higher quantity of residues produced. The reuse and recycling of agro-industrial wastes reduce worldwide greenhouse emissions. New opportunities are derived from this kind of residuals in the biotechnological field generating valuable products in growing sectors such as transportation, bioenergy, food, and feedstock. The use of natural macromolecules towards biocatalysts offers numerous advantages over free enzymes and friendliness with the environment. Enzyme immobilization improves enzyme properties (stability and reusability), and three types of supports are discussed: inorganic, organic, and hybrid. Several examples of agro-industrial wastes such as coconut wastes, rice husks, corn residues and brewers spent grains (BSG), their properties and potential as supports for enzyme immobilization are described in this work. Before the immobilization, biological and non-biological pretreatments could be performed to enhance the waste potential as a carrier. Additionally, immobilization methods such as covalent binding, adsorption, cross-linking and entrapment are compared to provide high efficiency. Enzymes and biocatalysts for industrial applications offer advantages over traditional chemical processes with respect to sustainability and process efficiency in food, energy, and bioremediation fields. The wastes reviewed in this work demonstrated a high affinity for lipases and laccases and might be used in biodiesel production and textile wastewater treatment, among other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Laura Noemí Levin
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Dpto. de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Laboratorio de Micología Experimental: INMIBO-CONICET, 1428, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, 64849, Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, 64849, Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
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50
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Amini Y, Shahedi M, Habibi Z, Yousefi M, Ashjari M, Mohammadi M. A multi-component reaction for covalent immobilization of lipases on amine-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles: production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:60. [PMID: 38647849 PMCID: PMC10991503 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00552-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A new approach was used for the immobilization of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (TLL), Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB), and Rhizomucor miehei lipase (RML) on amine-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2) via a multi-component reaction route (using cyclohexyl isocyanide). The used method offered a single-step and very fast process for covalent attachment of the lipases under extremely mild reaction conditions (25 °C, water, and pH 7.0). Rapid and simple immobilization of 20 mg of RML, TLL, and CALB on 1 g of the support produced 100%, 98.5%, and 99.2% immobilization yields, respectively, after 2 h of incubation. The immobilized derivatives were then used for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil. Response surface methodology (RSM) in combination with central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was employed to evaluate and optimize the biodiesel production. The effect of some parameters such as catalyst amount, reaction temperature, methanol concentration, water content for TLL or water-adsorbent for RML and CALB, and ratio of t-butanol (wt%) were investigated on the fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalda Amini
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Oil, Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour Shahedi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Oil, Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Habibi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Oil, Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Yousefi
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ashjari
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Oil, Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
- Bioprocess Engineering Department, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohammadi
- Bioprocess Engineering Department, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
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