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Syed AH, Abujabal HAS, Ahmad S, Malebary SJ, Alromema N. Advances in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Diagnostics: Machine Learning and Genomic Profiling Reveal Key Biomarkers for Early Detection. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1182. [PMID: 38893707 PMCID: PMC11172026 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14111182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study, utilizing high-throughput technologies and Machine Learning (ML), has identified gene biomarkers and molecular signatures in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). We could identify significant upregulated or downregulated genes in IBD patients by comparing gene expression levels in colonic specimens from 172 IBD patients and 22 healthy individuals using the GSE75214 microarray dataset. Our ML techniques and feature selection methods revealed six Differentially Expressed Gene (DEG) biomarkers (VWF, IL1RL1, DENND2B, MMP14, NAAA, and PANK1) with strong diagnostic potential for IBD. The Random Forest (RF) model demonstrated exceptional performance, with accuracy, F1-score, and AUC values exceeding 0.98. Our findings were rigorously validated with independent datasets (GSE36807 and GSE10616), further bolstering their credibility and showing favorable performance metrics (accuracy: 0.841, F1-score: 0.734, AUC: 0.887). Our functional annotation and pathway enrichment analysis provided insights into crucial pathways associated with these dysregulated genes. DENND2B and PANK1 were identified as novel IBD biomarkers, advancing our understanding of the disease. The validation in independent cohorts enhances the reliability of these findings and underscores their potential for early detection and personalized treatment of IBD. Further exploration of these genes is necessary to fully comprehend their roles in IBD pathogenesis and develop improved diagnostic tools and therapies. This study significantly contributes to IBD research with valuable insights, potentially greatly enhancing patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Hassan Syed
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology-Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hamza Ali S. Abujabal
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology-Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sharaf J. Malebary
- Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology-Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 344, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nashwan Alromema
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology-Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 344, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia;
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Zeng Y, Guo R, Cao S, Liu C, Yang H. CSF N-acylethanolamine acid amidase level and Parkinson's disease risk: A mendelian randomization study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2024; 123:106953. [PMID: 38579440 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.106953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation is involved in the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD), and N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) is involved in regulating inflammation by hydrolyzing bioactive lipid mediators called N-acylethanolamines (NAEs). However, the causal relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NAAA protein levels and the risk of PD remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the causal effect of CSF NAAA levels on PD risk through Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. METHOD Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for CSF NAAA protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) and GWAS summary statistics for PD were obtained from publicly available databases. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) was the main causal estimation method for MR analysis. In addition, the maximum likelihood, MR Egger regression, and weighted median were used to supplement the IVW results. Finally, various sensitivity tests were performed to verify the reliability of the MR findings. RESULTS In the initial MR analysis, the IVW showed that CSF NAAA protein levels significantly increased PD risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.35, P = 0.031). This finding was further validated in a replicate MR analysis (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.02-1.41, P = 0.027). Sensitivity analysis showed that MR results were stable and not affected by heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy. CONCLUSION The present MR study supports a causal relationship between elevated CSF NAAA protein levels and increased PD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjie Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Ren Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Si Cao
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Chunxia Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Heng Yang
- Department of Neurology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.
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Nobili S, Micheli L, Lucarini E, Toti A, Ghelardini C, Di Cesare Mannelli L. Ultramicronized N-palmitoylethanolamine associated with analgesics: Effects against persistent pain. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 258:108649. [PMID: 38615798 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Current epidemiological data estimate that one in five people suffers from chronic pain with considerable impairment of health-related quality of life. The pharmacological treatment is based on first- and second-line analgesic drugs, including COX-2 selective and nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, paracetamol, antidepressants, anti-seizure drugs and opioids, that are characterized by important side effects. N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) is a body's own fatty-acid ethanolamide belonging to the family of autacoid local injury antagonist amides. The anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties of PEA have been recognized for decades and prompted to depict its role in the endogenous mechanisms of pain control. Together with its relative abundance in food sources, this opened the way to the use of PEA as a pain-relieving nutritional intervention. Naïve PEA is a large particle size lipid molecule with low solubility and bioavailability. Reducing particle size is a useful method to increase surface area, thereby improving dissolution rate and bioavailability accordingly. Micron-size formulations of PEA (e.g., ultramicronized and co-(ultra)micronized) have shown higher oral efficacy compared to naïve PEA. In particular, ultramicronized PEA has been shown to efficiently cross the intestinal wall and, more importantly, the blood-brain and blood-spinal cord barrier. Several preclinical and clinical studies have shown the efficacy, safety and tolerability of ultramicronized PEA. This narrative review summarizes the available pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic data on ultramicronized PEA and focuses to its contribution to pain control, in particular as 'add-on' nutritional intervention. Data showing the ability of ultramicronized PEA to limit opioid side effects, including the development of tolerance, have also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Nobili
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - NEUROFARBA - Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Laura Micheli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - NEUROFARBA - Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Lucarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - NEUROFARBA - Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Toti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - NEUROFARBA - Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - NEUROFARBA - Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - NEUROFARBA - Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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Zhou L, Tian M, Zhang B, Cao X, Huo X, Yang F, Cao P, Feng L, Ma X, Tian X. Lysosome targeting fluorescent probe for NAAA imaging and its applications in the drug development for anti-inflammatory. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130307. [PMID: 38382784 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) is a nucleophilic lysosomal cysteine hydrolase, which primarily mediates the hydrolytic inactivation of endogenous palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), which further influences the inflammatory process by regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α). Herein, a novel lysosome (Lyso)-targeting fluorescent probe (i.e., PMBD) was designed and synthesized for detecting endogenous NAAA selectively and sensitively, allowing real-time visual monitoring of endogenous NAAA in living cells. Moreover, PMBD can target Lyso with a high colocalization in Lyso Tracker. Finally, a high-throughput assay method for NAAA inhibitor screening was established using PMBD, and the NAAA-inhibitory effects of 42 anti-inflammatory Traditional Chinese medicines were evaluated. A novel potent inhibitor of NAAA, ellagic acid, was isolated from Cornus officinalis, which can suppress LPS-induced iNOS upregulation and NO production in RAW264.7 cells that display anti-inflammatory activities. PMBD, a novel Lyso-targeting fluorescent probe for visually imaging NAAA, could serve as a useful molecular tool for exploring the physiological functions of NAAA and drug development based on NAAA-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Zhou
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Manman Tian
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Baojing Zhang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xudong Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xiaokui Huo
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Fangyu Yang
- General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Department of Neurosurgery, Shenyang, China
| | - Peng Cao
- General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Department of Neurosurgery, Shenyang, China.
| | - Lei Feng
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiangge Tian
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China.
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Casasampere M, Ung J, Iñáñez A, Dufau C, Tsuboi K, Casas J, Tan SF, Feith DJ, Andrieu-Abadie N, Segui B, Loughran TP, Abad JL, Fabrias G. A fluorogenic substrate for the detection of lipid amidases in intact cells. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100520. [PMID: 38369184 PMCID: PMC10956054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid amidases of therapeutic relevance include acid ceramidase (AC), N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase, and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). Although fluorogenic substrates have been developed for the three enzymes and high-throughput methods for screening have been reported, a platform for the specific detection of these enzyme activities in intact cells is lacking. In this article, we report on the coumarinic 1-deoxydihydroceramide RBM1-151, a 1-deoxy derivative and vinilog of RBM14-C12, as a novel substrate of amidases. This compound is hydrolyzed by AC (appKm = 7.0 μM; appVmax = 99.3 nM/min), N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase (appKm = 0.73 μM; appVmax = 0.24 nM/min), and FAAH (appKm = 3.6 μM; appVmax = 7.6 nM/min) but not by other ceramidases. We provide proof of concept that the use of RBM1-151 in combination with reported irreversible inhibitors of AC and FAAH allows the determination in parallel of the three amidase activities in single experiments in intact cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Casasampere
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Research Unit on BioActive Molecules, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Johnson Ung
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Alejandro Iñáñez
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Research Unit on BioActive Molecules, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carine Dufau
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France; Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Kazuhito Tsuboi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Josefina Casas
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Research Unit on BioActive Molecules, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; CIBEREHD, Madrid, Spain
| | - Su-Fern Tan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA; University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - David J Feith
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA; University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Nathalie Andrieu-Abadie
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France; Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Segui
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France; Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer, Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas P Loughran
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA; University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - José Luis Abad
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Research Unit on BioActive Molecules, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gemma Fabrias
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Research Unit on BioActive Molecules, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; CIBEREHD, Madrid, Spain; Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)'s Cancer Hub, Madrid, Spain.
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Fotio Y, Mabou Tagne A, Squire E, Lee HL, Phillips CM, Chang K, Ahmed F, Greenberg AS, Villalta SA, Scarfone VM, Spadoni G, Mor M, Piomelli D. NAAA-regulated lipid signaling in monocytes controls the induction of hyperalgesic priming in mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1705. [PMID: 38402219 PMCID: PMC10894261 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Circulating monocytes participate in pain chronification but the molecular events that cause their deployment are unclear. Using a mouse model of hyperalgesic priming (HP), we show that monocytes enable progression to pain chronicity through a mechanism that requires transient activation of the hydrolase, N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA), and the consequent suppression of NAAA-regulated lipid signaling at peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α). Inhibiting NAAA in the 72 hours following administration of a priming stimulus prevented HP. This effect was phenocopied by NAAA deletion and depended on PPAR-α recruitment. Mice lacking NAAA in CD11b+ cells - monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils - were resistant to HP induction. Conversely, mice overexpressing NAAA or lacking PPAR-α in the same cells were constitutively primed. Depletion of monocytes, but not resident macrophages, generated mice that were refractory to HP. The results identify NAAA-regulated signaling in monocytes as a control node in the induction of HP and, potentially, the transition to pain chronicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Fotio
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alex Mabou Tagne
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Erica Squire
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hye-Lim Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Connor M Phillips
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kayla Chang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Faizy Ahmed
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - S Armando Villalta
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Vanessa M Scarfone
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Gilberto Spadoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università di Urbino "Carlo Bo,", Urbino, Italy
| | - Marco Mor
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Rosado‐Franco JJ, Ellison AL, White CJ, Price AS, Moore CF, Williams RE, Fridman LB, Weerts EM, Williams DW. Roadmap for the expression of canonical and extended endocannabinoid system receptors and metabolic enzymes in peripheral organs of preclinical animal models. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e15947. [PMID: 38408761 PMCID: PMC10896677 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is widely expressed throughout the body and is comprised of receptors, ligands, and enzymes that maintain metabolic, immune, and reproductive homeostasis. Increasing interest in the endocannabinoid system has arisen due to these physiologic roles, policy changes leading to more widespread recreational use, and the therapeutic potential of Cannabis and phytocannabinoids. Rodents have been the primary preclinical model of focus due to their relative low cost, short gestational period, genetic manipulation strategies, and gold-standard behavioral tests. However, the potential for lack of clinical translation to non-human primates and humans is high as cross-species comparisons of the endocannabinoid system have not been evaluated. To bridge this gap in knowledge, we evaluate the relative gene expression of 14 canonical and extended endocannabinoid receptors in seven peripheral organs of C57/BL6 mice, Sprague-Dawley rats, and non-human primate rhesus macaques. Notably, we identify species- and organ-specific heterogeneity in endocannabinoid receptor distribution where there is surprisingly limited overlap among the preclinical models. Importantly, we determined there were no receptors with identical expression patterns among mice (three males and two females), rats (six females), and rhesus macaques (four males). Our findings demonstrate a critical, yet previously unappreciated, contributor to challenges of rigor and reproducibility in the cannabinoid field, which has implications in hampering progress in understanding the complexity of the endocannabinoid system and development of cannabinoid-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. J. Rosado‐Franco
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University‐School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - A. L. Ellison
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyJohns Hopkins University‐Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - C. J. White
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University‐School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - A. S. Price
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - C. F. Moore
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesJohns Hopkins University Bayview CampusBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - R. E. Williams
- Department of NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins University‐School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - L. B. Fridman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - E. M. Weerts
- Department of NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins University‐School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - D. W. Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University‐School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyJohns Hopkins University‐Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins University‐School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Division of Clinical PharmacologyJohns Hopkins University‐School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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Crupi L, Capra AP, Paterniti I, Lanza M, Calapai F, Cuzzocrea S, Ardizzone A, Esposito E. Evaluation of the nutraceutical Palmitoylethanolamide in reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38269580 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2306916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Intraocular pressure (IOP) positively correlates with both normal and high-tension glaucoma. To date, IOP targeting remains the validated pharmacological approach in counteracting glaucoma progression as well as in halting vision loss. Among the different adjuvant compounds, evidence highlighted the potential effectiveness of Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), an endogenous fatty acid amide. Thus, a systematic review of the literature was conducted, thoroughly evaluating PEA treatment regimen in decreasing IOP in patients with eye disorders. We checked for articles across the scientific databases Pubmed (MEDLINE), Embase (OVID), and Web of Science from the inception to 30 August 2023, and a total of 828 articles were recovered. Six of these studies (199 patients) were included in the systematic review after the study selection process, and three studies for meta-analysia. Overall, PEA showed significant efficacy in reducing IOP in patients, this encourages its clinical use in glaucoma as well as across different forms of eye disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lelio Crupi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Anna Paola Capra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Irene Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Lanza
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Calapai
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessio Ardizzone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Jia W, He X, Jin W, Gu J, Yu S, He J, Yi Z, Cai B, Gao H, Yang L. Ramulus Cinnamomi essential oil exerts an anti-inflammatory effect on RAW264.7 cells through N-acylethanolamine acid amidase inhibition. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116747. [PMID: 37311500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ramulus Cinnamomi, the dried twig of Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J.Presl., is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with anti-inflammatory effects. The medicinal functions of Ramulus Cinnamomi essential oil (RCEO) have been confirmed, although the potential mechanisms by which RCEO exerts its anti-inflammatory effects have not been fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate whether N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) mediates the anti-inflammatory effects of RCEO. MATERIALS AND METHODS RCEO was extracted by steam distillation of Ramulus Cinnamomi, and NAAA activity was detected using HEK293 cells overexpressing NAAA. N-Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and N-oleoylethanolamide (OEA), both of which are NAAA endogenous substrates, were detected by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The anti-inflammatory effects of RCEO were analyzed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, and the cell viability was measured with a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) kit. The nitric oxide (NO) in the cell supernatant was measured using the Griess method. The level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the RAW264.7 cell supernatant was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The chemical composition of RCEO was assessed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The molecular docking study for (E)-cinnamaldehyde and NAAA was performed by using Discovery Studio 2019 software (DS2019). RESULTS We established a cell model for evaluating NAAA activity, and we found that RCEO inhibited the NAAA activity with an IC50 of 5.64 ± 0.62 μg/mL. RCEO significantly elevated PEA and OEA levels in NAAA-overexpressing HEK293 cells, suggesting that RCEO might prevent the degradation of cellular PEA and OEA by inhibiting the NAAA activity in NAAA-overexpressing HEK293 cells. In addition, RCEO also decreased NO and TNF-α cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. Interestingly, the GC-MS assay revealed that more than 93 components were identified in RCEO, of which (E)-cinnamaldehyde accounted for 64.88%. Further experiments showed that (E)-cinnamaldehyde and O-methoxycinnamaldehyde inhibited NAAA activity with an IC50 of 3.21 ± 0.03 and 9.62 ± 0.30 μg/mL, respectively, which may represent key components of RCEO that inhibit NAAA activity. Meanwhile, docking assays revealed that (E)-cinnamaldehyde occupies the catalytic cavity of NAAA and engages in a hydrogen bond interaction with the TRP181 and hydrophobic-related interactions with LEU152 of human NAAA. CONCLUSIONS RCEO showed anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting NAAA activity and elevating cellular PEA and OEA levels in NAAA-overexpressing HEK293 cells. (E)-cinnamaldehyde and O-methoxycinnamaldehyde, two components in RCEO, were identified as the main contributors of the anti-inflammatory effects of RCEO by modulating cellular PEA levels through NAAA inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jia
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361000, China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiwen He
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Wenhui Jin
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Jinping Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Siyu Yu
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361000, China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jianlin He
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Zhiwei Yi
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Bing Cai
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Huiyuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Longhe Yang
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361000, China.
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10
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Tovar R, de Ceglia M, Ubaldi M, Rodríguez-Pozo M, Soverchia L, Cifani C, Rojo G, Gavito A, Hernandez-Folgado L, Jagerovic N, Ciccocioppo R, Baixeras E, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Decara J. Administration of Linoleoylethanolamide Reduced Weight Gain, Dyslipidemia, and Inflammation Associated with High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:4448. [PMID: 37892524 PMCID: PMC10609991 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acylethanolamides (NAEs) are bioactive lipids derived from diet fatty acids that modulate important homeostatic functions, including appetite, fatty acid synthesis, mitochondrial respiration, inflammation, and nociception. Among the naturally circulating NAEs, the pharmacology of those derived from either arachidonic acid (Anandamide), oleic acid (OEA), and palmitic acid (PEA) have been extensively characterized in diet-induced obesity. For the present work, we extended those studies to linoleoylethanolamide (LEA), one of the most abundant NAEs found not only in plasma and body tissues but also in foods such as cereals. In our initial study, circulating concentrations of LEA were found to be elevated in overweight humans (body mass index (BMI, Kg/m2) > 25) recruited from a representative population from the south of Spain, together with AEA and the endocannabinoid 2-Arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG). In this population, LEA concentrations correlated with the circulating levels of cholesterol and triglycerides. In order to gain insight into the pharmacology of LEA, we administered it for 14 days (10 mg/kg i.p. daily) to obese male Sprague Dawley rats receiving a cafeteria diet or a standard chow diet for 12 consecutive weeks. LEA treatment resulted in weight loss and a reduction in circulating triglycerides, cholesterol, and inflammatory markers such as Il-6 and Tnf-alpha. In addition, LEA reduced plasma transaminases and enhanced acetyl-CoA-oxidase (Acox) and Uncoupling protein-2 (Ucp2) expression in the liver of the HFD-fed animals. Although the liver steatosis induced by the HFD was not reversed by LEA, the overall data suggest that LEA contributes to the homeostatic signals set in place in response to diet-induced obesity, potentially contributing with OEA to improve lipid metabolism after high fat intake. The anti-inflammatory response associated with its administration suggests its potential for use as a nutrient supplement in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Tovar
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Instituto IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Avda, Carlos Haya 82, Sótano, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (R.T.); (M.d.C.); (M.R.-P.); (A.G.); (E.B.)
| | - Marialuisa de Ceglia
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Instituto IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Avda, Carlos Haya 82, Sótano, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (R.T.); (M.d.C.); (M.R.-P.); (A.G.); (E.B.)
| | - Massimo Ubaldi
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.U.); (L.S.); (C.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Miguel Rodríguez-Pozo
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Instituto IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Avda, Carlos Haya 82, Sótano, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (R.T.); (M.d.C.); (M.R.-P.); (A.G.); (E.B.)
| | - Laura Soverchia
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.U.); (L.S.); (C.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.U.); (L.S.); (C.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Gema Rojo
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Ana Gavito
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Instituto IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Avda, Carlos Haya 82, Sótano, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (R.T.); (M.d.C.); (M.R.-P.); (A.G.); (E.B.)
| | - Laura Hernandez-Folgado
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida Juan de la Cierva, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (L.H.-F.); (N.J.)
| | - Nadine Jagerovic
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida Juan de la Cierva, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (L.H.-F.); (N.J.)
| | - Roberto Ciccocioppo
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.U.); (L.S.); (C.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Elena Baixeras
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Instituto IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Avda, Carlos Haya 82, Sótano, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (R.T.); (M.d.C.); (M.R.-P.); (A.G.); (E.B.)
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Instituto IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Avda, Carlos Haya 82, Sótano, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (R.T.); (M.d.C.); (M.R.-P.); (A.G.); (E.B.)
- Unidad Clínica de Neurología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto IBMA-Plataforma BIONAND, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Andalusian Network for Clinical and Translational Research in Neurology [NEURO-RECA], 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Juan Decara
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Instituto IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Avda, Carlos Haya 82, Sótano, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (R.T.); (M.d.C.); (M.R.-P.); (A.G.); (E.B.)
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11
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Maccarrone M, Di Marzo V, Gertsch J, Grether U, Howlett AC, Hua T, Makriyannis A, Piomelli D, Ueda N, van der Stelt M. Goods and Bads of the Endocannabinoid System as a Therapeutic Target: Lessons Learned after 30 Years. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:885-958. [PMID: 37164640 PMCID: PMC10441647 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The cannabis derivative marijuana is the most widely used recreational drug in the Western world and is consumed by an estimated 83 million individuals (∼3% of the world population). In recent years, there has been a marked transformation in society regarding the risk perception of cannabis, driven by its legalization and medical use in many states in the United States and worldwide. Compelling research evidence and the Food and Drug Administration cannabis-derived cannabidiol approval for severe childhood epilepsy have confirmed the large therapeutic potential of cannabidiol itself, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and other plant-derived cannabinoids (phytocannabinoids). Of note, our body has a complex endocannabinoid system (ECS)-made of receptors, metabolic enzymes, and transporters-that is also regulated by phytocannabinoids. The first endocannabinoid to be discovered 30 years ago was anandamide (N-arachidonoyl-ethanolamine); since then, distinct elements of the ECS have been the target of drug design programs aimed at curing (or at least slowing down) a number of human diseases, both in the central nervous system and at the periphery. Here a critical review of our knowledge of the goods and bads of the ECS as a therapeutic target is presented to define the benefits of ECS-active phytocannabinoids and ECS-oriented synthetic drugs for human health. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The endocannabinoid system plays important roles virtually everywhere in our body and is either involved in mediating key processes of central and peripheral diseases or represents a therapeutic target for treatment. Therefore, understanding the structure, function, and pharmacology of the components of this complex system, and in particular of key receptors (like cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2) and metabolic enzymes (like fatty acid amide hydrolase and monoacylglycerol lipase), will advance our understanding of endocannabinoid signaling and activity at molecular, cellular, and system levels, providing new opportunities to treat patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Uwe Grether
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Allyn C Howlett
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Tian Hua
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Natsuo Ueda
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
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12
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Chelslín F, Lodefalk M, Kruse R. Smoking during pregnancy is associated with the placental proteome. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 119:108409. [PMID: 37209868 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) is a significant risk factor for the development of foetal, neonatal, and childhood morbidities. We hypothesized that infants exposed to MSDP have a distinct proteomic expression in their term placentas compared to infants without such an exposure. A total of 39 infants exposed (cord blood cotinine levels of >1 ng/mL) and 44 infants not exposed to MSDP were included in the study. Women with chronic disease, body mass index of > 30, or a history of uterine surgery were excluded. Total proteome abundance was analysed with quantitative mass spectrometry. For univariate analysis of differences in placental protein levels between groups, ANOVA with multiple testing corrections by the Benjamini-Hochberg method was used. For multivariate analysis, we used principal component analysis, partial least squares, lasso, random forest, and neural networks. The univariate analyses showed four differentially abundant proteins (PXDN, CYP1A1, GPR183, and KRT81) when heavy and moderate smoking groups were compared to non-smokers. With the help of machine learning, we found that an additional six proteins (SEPTIN3, CRAT, NAAA, CD248, CADM3, and ZNF648) were discriminants of MSDP. The placental abundance of these ten proteins together explained 74.1% of the variation in cord blood cotinine levels (p = 0.002). Infants exposed to MSDP showed differential abundance of proteins in term placentas. We report differential placental abundance of several proteins for the first time in the setting of MSDP. We believe that these findings supplement the current understanding of how MSDP affects the placental proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Chelslín
- University Health Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Maria Lodefalk
- University Health Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Robert Kruse
- Department of Clinical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC) and X-HiDE Consortium, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
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13
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Lai M, La Rocca V, Iacono E, Filipponi C, De Carli A, Favaro D, Fonnesu R, Filippini F, Spezia PG, Amato R, Catelli E, Matteo B, Lottini G, Onorati M, Clementi N, Freer G, Piomelli D, Pistello M. Inhibiting immunoregulatory amidase NAAA blocks ZIKV maturation in Human Neural Stem Cells. Antiviral Res 2023; 216:105664. [PMID: 37414288 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that lipids play a crucial role in viral infections beyond their traditional functions of supplying envelope and energy, and creating protected niches for viral replication. In the case of Zika virus (ZIKV), it alters host lipids by enhancing lipogenesis and suppressing β-oxidation to generate viral factories at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) interface. This discovery prompted us to hypothesize that interference with lipogenesis could serve as a dual antiviral and anti-inflammatory strategy to combat the replication of positive sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA+) viruses. To test this hypothesis, we examined the impact of inhibiting N-Acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) on ZIKV-infected human Neural Stem Cells. NAAA is responsible for the hydrolysis of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) in lysosomes and endolysosomes. Inhibition of NAAA results in PEA accumulation, which activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α), directing β-oxidation and preventing inflammation. Our findings indicate that inhibiting NAAA through gene-editing or drugs moderately reduces ZIKV replication by approximately one log10 in Human Neural Stem Cells, while also releasing immature virions that have lost their infectivity. This inhibition impairs furin-mediated prM cleavage, ultimately blocking ZIKV maturation. In summary, our study highlights NAAA as a host target for ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Lai
- Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Centre for Instrumentation Sharing, University of Pisa (CISUP), Italy.
| | - Veronica La Rocca
- Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Institute of Life Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Iacono
- Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Carolina Filipponi
- Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Carli
- Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Domenico Favaro
- Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossella Fonnesu
- Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Filippini
- Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pietro Giorgio Spezia
- Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rachele Amato
- Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Institute of Life Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Catelli
- Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Lottini
- Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Marco Onorati
- Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, 20100, Italy
| | - Giulia Freer
- Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-4625, United States
| | - Mauro Pistello
- Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Virology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
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Rosado-Franco JJ, Ellison AL, White CJ, Price AS, Moore CF, Williams RE, Fridman LB, Weerts EM, Williams DW. Roadmap For The Expression Of Canonical and Extended Endocannabinoid System Receptors and Proteins in Peripheral Organs of Preclinical Animal Models. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.10.544455. [PMID: 37333264 PMCID: PMC10274867 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.10.544455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is widely expressed throughout the body and is comprised of receptors, ligands, and enzymes that maintain metabolic, immune, and reproductive homeostasis. Increasing interest in the endocannabinoid system has arisen due to these physiologic roles, policy changes leading to more widespread recreational use, and the therapeutic potential of Cannabis and phytocannabinoids. Rodents have been the primary preclinical model of focus due to their relative low cost, short gestational period, genetic manipulation strategies, and gold-standard behavioral tests. However, the potential for lack of clinical translation to non-human primates and humans is high as cross-species comparisons of the endocannabinoid system has not been evaluated. To bridge this gap in knowledge, we evaluate the relative gene expression of 14 canonical and extended endocannabinoid receptors in seven peripheral organs of C57/BL6 mice, Sprague-Dawley rats, and non-human primate rhesus macaques. Notably, we identify species- and organ-specific heterogeneity in endocannabinoid receptor distribution where there is surprisingly limited overlap among the preclinical models. Importantly, we determined there were only five receptors (CB2, GPR18, GPR55, TRPV2, and FAAH) that had identical expression patterns in mice, rats, and rhesus macaques. Our findings demonstrate a critical, yet previously unappreciated, contributor to challenges of rigor and reproducibility in the cannabinoid field, which has profound implications in hampering progress in understanding the complexity of the endocannabinoid system and development of cannabinoid-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Rosado-Franco
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University-School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - A L Ellison
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Immunology, Johns Hopkins University-Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - C J White
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University-School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - A S Price
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University-School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - C F Moore
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University Bayview Campus, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - R E Williams
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University-School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - L B Fridman
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University-School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - E M Weerts
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University-School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - D W Williams
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University-School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Immunology, Johns Hopkins University-Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University-School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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15
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Chen Q, Bei S, Zhang Z, Wang X, Zhu Y. Identification of diagnostic biomarks and immune cell infiltration in ulcerative colitis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6081. [PMID: 37055577 PMCID: PMC10102327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33388-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to explore diagnostic biomarks and immune cell infiltration characteristics in ulcerative colitis (UC). We used the dataset GSE38713 as the training set and dataset GSE94648 as the test set. A total of 402 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained from GSE38713. Annotating, visualizing, and integrating discovery of these differential genes was performed using Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Gene and Genome Encyclopedia Pathway (KEGG), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Protein-protein interaction networks were constructed from the STRING database, and protein functional modules were identified using the CytoHubba plugin of Cytoscape. Random forest and LASSO regression were used to screen for UC-related diagnostic markers, and ROC curves were generated to validate their diagnostic value. The composition of 22 immune cells was analyzed, and the immune cell infiltration in UC was analyzed using CIBERSORT. Results: Seven diagnostic markers associated with UC were identified: TLCD3A, KLF9, EFNA1, NAAA,WDR4, CKAP4, and CHRNA1. Immune cell infiltration assessment revealed that macrophages M1, activated dendritic cells, and neutrophil cells infiltrated relatively more compared to normal control samples. Our results suggest a new functional feature of UC and suggest potential biomarkers for UC through comprehensive analysis of integrated gene expression data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Chen
- Department of Anorectal, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 25 Dongfeng East Road, Panlong District, Kunming, 650011, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Shaosheng Bei
- Department of Anorectal, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyun Zhang
- Department of Anorectal, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 25 Dongfeng East Road, Panlong District, Kunming, 650011, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunying Zhu
- Department of Anorectal, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 25 Dongfeng East Road, Panlong District, Kunming, 650011, Yunnan Province, China
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16
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Kytikova OY, Denisenko YK, Novgorodtseva TP, Kovalenko IS. Cannabinoids And Cannabinoid-Like Compounds: Biochemical Characterization And Pharmacological Perspectives. RUSSIAN OPEN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.15275/rusomj.2023.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Publication interest in cannabinoids, including phytocannabinoids, endogenous cannabinoids, synthetic cannabinoids and cannabinomimetic compounds, is due to the therapeutic potential of these compounds in inflammatory pathology. Since recent years, scientific interest was focused on compounds with cannabinomimetic activity. The therapeutic use of phytocannabinoids and endocannabinoids is somewhat limited due to unresolved issues of dosing, toxicity and safety in humans, while cannabinoid-like compounds combine similar therapeutic effects with a high confirmed safety. Targets for endocannabinoids and phytocannabinoids are endocannabinoid receptors 1 and 2, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), and transient receptor potential ion channels (TRPs). Non-endocannabinoid N-acylethanolamines do not interact with cannabinoid receptors and exhibit agonist activity towards non-cannabinoid receptors, such as PPARs, GPCRs and TRPs. This literature review includes contemporary information on the biological activity, metabolism and pharmacological properties of cannabinoids and cannabinoid-like compounds, as well as their receptors. We established that only a few studies were devoted to the relationship of non-endocannabinoid N-acylethanolamines with non-cannabinoid receptors, such as PPARs, GPCRs, and also with TRPs. We have focused on issues that were insufficiently covered in the published sources in order to identify gaps in existing knowledge and determine the prospects for scientific research.
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17
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Tsuboi K, Ueda N. Assay of NAAA Activity. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2576:261-274. [PMID: 36152194 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2728-0_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase (NAAA) is a lysosomal hydrolase degrading various N-acylethanolamines at acidic pH. NAAA prefers anti-inflammatory and analgesic palmitoylethanolamide to other N-acylethanolamines as a substrate, and its specific inhibitors are shown to exert anti-inflammatory and analgesic actions in animal models. Therefore, these inhibitors are expected as a new class of therapeutic agents. Here, we introduce an NAAA assay system, using [14C]palmitoylethanolamide and thin-layer chromatography. The preparation of NAAA enzyme from native and recombinant sources as well as the chemical synthesis of N-[1'-14C]palmitoyl-ethanolamine is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhito Tsuboi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Natsuo Ueda
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan.
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18
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Mock ED, Gagestein B, van der Stelt M. Anandamide and other N-acylethanolamines: A class of signaling lipids with therapeutic opportunities. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 89:101194. [PMID: 36150527 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), including N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA), N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA), N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA, anandamide), N-docosahexaenoylethanolamine (DHEA, synaptamide) and their oxygenated metabolites are a lipid messenger family with numerous functions in health and disease, including inflammation, anxiety and energy metabolism. The NAEs exert their signaling role through activation of various G protein-coupled receptors (cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, GPR55, GPR110, GPR119), ion channels (TRPV1) and nuclear receptors (PPAR-α and PPAR-γ) in the brain and periphery. The biological role of the oxygenated NAEs, such as prostamides, hydroxylated anandamide and DHEA derivatives, are less studied. Evidence is accumulating that NAEs and their oxidative metabolites may be aberrantly regulated or are associated with disease severity in obesity, metabolic syndrome, cancer, neuroinflammation and liver cirrhosis. Here, we comprehensively review NAE biosynthesis and degradation, their metabolism by lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases and cytochrome P450s and the biological functions of these signaling lipids. We discuss the latest findings and therapeutic potential of modulating endogenous NAE levels by inhibition of their degradation, which is currently under clinical evaluation for neuropsychiatric disorders. We also highlight NAE biosynthesis inhibition as an emerging topic with therapeutic opportunities in endocannabinoid and NAE signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot D Mock
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Berend Gagestein
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands.
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19
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Cammarota M, Ferlenghi F, Vacondio F, Vincenzi F, Varani K, Bedini A, Rivara S, Mor M, Boscia F. Combined targeting of fatty acid amide hydrolase and melatonin receptors promotes neuroprotection and stimulates inflammation resolution in rats. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 180:1316-1338. [PMID: 36526591 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Devising novel strategies to therapeutically favour inflammation resolution and provide neuroprotection is an unmet clinical need. Enhancing endocannabinoid tone by inhibiting the catabolic enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), or stimulating melatonin receptors has therapeutic potential to treat neuropathological states in which neuroinflammation plays a central role. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A rodent hippocampal explant model of inflammatory injury was used to assess the effects of UCM1341, a dual-acting compound with FAAH inhibitory action and agonist activity at melatonin receptors, against neuroinflammatory damage. FAAH activity was measured by a radiometric assay, and N-acylethanolamine levels were assessed by HPLC-MS/MS methods. FAAH distribution, evolution of inflammation and the contribution of UCM1341 to the expression of proteins controlling macrophage behaviour were investigated by biochemical and confocal analyses. KEY RESULTS UCM1341 exhibited greater neuroprotection against neuroinflammatory degeneration, compared with the reference compounds URB597 (FAAH inhibitor) and melatonin. During neuroinflammation, UCM1341 augmented the levels of anandamide and N-oleoylethanolamine, but not N-palmitoylethanolamine, up-regulated PPAR-α levels, attenuated demyelination and prevented the release of TNF-α. UCM1341 modulated inflammatory responses by contributing to microglia/macrophage polarization, stimulating formation of lipid-laden macrophages and regulating expression of proteins controlling cholesterol metabolism and efflux. The neuroprotective effects of UCM1341 were prevented by PPARα, TRPV1 and melatonin receptor antagonists. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS UCM1341, by enhancing endocannabinoid and melatoninergic signalling, benefits neuroprotection and stimulates inflammation resolution pathways. Our findings provide an encouraging prospect of therapeutically targeting endocannabinoid and melatoninergic systems in inflammatory demyelinating states in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarosaria Cammarota
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Annalida Bedini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino 'Carlo Bo', Urbino, Italy
| | - Silvia Rivara
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Mor
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Boscia
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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20
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Lee HL, Jung KM, Fotio Y, Squire E, Palese F, Lin L, Torrens A, Ahmed F, Mabou Tagne A, Ramirez J, Su S, Wong CR, Jung DH, Scarfone VM, Nguyen PU, Wood M, Green K, Piomelli D. Frequent Low-Dose Δ 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Adolescence Disrupts Microglia Homeostasis and Disables Responses to Microbial Infection and Social Stress in Young Adulthood. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:845-860. [PMID: 35750512 PMCID: PMC10629396 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During adolescence, microglia are actively involved in neocortical maturation while concomitantly undergoing profound phenotypic changes. Because the teenage years are also a time of experimentation with cannabis, we evaluated whether adolescent exposure to the drug's psychotropic constituent, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), might persistently alter microglia function. METHODS We administered THC (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) once daily to male and female mice from postnatal day (PND) 30 to PND44 and examined the transcriptome of purified microglia in adult animals (PND70 and PND120) under baseline conditions or following either of two interventions known to recruit microglia: lipopolysaccharide injection and repeated social defeat. We used high-dimensional mass cytometry by time-of-flight to map brain immune cell populations after lipopolysaccharide challenge. RESULTS Adolescent THC exposure produced in mice of both sexes a state of microglial dyshomeostasis that persisted until young adulthood (PND70) but receded with further aging (PND120). Key features of this state included broad alterations in genes involved in microglia homeostasis and innate immunity along with marked impairments in the responses to lipopolysaccharide- and repeated social defeat-induced psychosocial stress. The endocannabinoid system was also dysfunctional. The effects of THC were prevented by coadministration of either a global CB1 receptor inverse agonist or a peripheral CB1 neutral antagonist and were not replicated when THC was administered in young adulthood (PND70-84). CONCLUSIONS Daily low-intensity CB1 receptor activation by THC during adolescence may disable critical functions served by microglia until young adulthood with potentially wide-ranging consequences for brain and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Lim Lee
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Kwang-Mook Jung
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Yannick Fotio
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Erica Squire
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Francesca Palese
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Lin Lin
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Alexa Torrens
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Faizy Ahmed
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Alex Mabou Tagne
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Jade Ramirez
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Shiqi Su
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Christina Renee Wong
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Daniel Hojin Jung
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Vanessa M Scarfone
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Pauline U Nguyen
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Marcelo Wood
- Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Kim Green
- Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California; Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California; Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California.
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21
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Simon A, von Einem T, Seidinger A, Matthey M, Bindila L, Wenzel D. The endocannabinoid anandamide is an airway relaxant in health and disease. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6941. [PMID: 36396957 PMCID: PMC9672354 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34327-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive airway diseases are a global medical burden that is expected to increase in the near future. However, the underlying mechanistic processes are poorly understood so far. Herein, we show that the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) induces prominent airway relaxation in vitro and in vivo. In contrast to 2-arachidonlyglycerol-induced airway relaxation, this is mediated by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH)-dependent metabolites. In particular, we identify mouse and also human epithelial and airway smooth muscle cells as source of AEA-induced prostaglandin E2 production and cAMP as direct mediator of AEA-dependent airway relaxation. Mass spectrometry experiments demonstrate reduced levels of endocannabinoid-like compounds in lungs of ovalbumin-sensitized mice indicating a pathophysiological relevance of endocannabinoid signalling in obstructive airway disease. Importantly, AEA inhalation protects against airway hyper-reactivity after ovalbumin sensitization. Thus, this work highlights the AEA/FAAH axis as a critical regulator of airway tone that could provide therapeutic targets for airway relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Simon
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XDepartment of Systems Physiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas von Einem
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Seidinger
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XDepartment of Systems Physiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michaela Matthey
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XDepartment of Systems Physiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Laura Bindila
- grid.410607.4Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniela Wenzel
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XDepartment of Systems Physiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany ,grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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22
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Punt J, van der Vliet D, van der Stelt M. Chemical Probes to Control and Visualize Lipid Metabolism in the Brain. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:3205-3217. [PMID: 36283077 PMCID: PMC9670861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Signaling lipids, such as the endocannabinoids, play an important role in the brain. They regulate synaptic transmission and control various neurophysiological processes, including pain sensation, appetite, memory formation, stress, and anxiety. Unlike classical neurotransmitters, lipid messengers are produced on demand and degraded by metabolic enzymes to control their lifespan and signaling actions. Chemical biology approaches have become one of the main driving forces to study and unravel the physiological role of lipid messengers in the brain. Here, we review how the development and use of chemical probes has allowed one to study endocannabinoid signaling by (i) inhibiting the biosynthetic and metabolic enzymes; (ii) visualizing the activity of these enzymes; and (iii) controlling the release and transport of the endocannabinoids. Activity-based probes were instrumental to guide the discovery of highly selective and in vivo active inhibitors of the biosynthetic (DAGL, NAPE-PLD) and metabolic (MAGL, FAAH) enzymes of endocannabinoids. These inhibitors allowed one to study the role of these enzymes in animal models of disease. For instance, the DAGL-MAGL axis was shown to control neuroinflammation and the NAPE-PLD-FAAH axis to regulate emotional behavior. Activity-based protein profiling and chemical proteomics were essential to guide the drug discovery and development of compounds targeting MAGL and FAAH, such as ABX-1431 (Lu AG06466) and PF-04457845, respectively. These experimental drugs are now in clinical trials for multiple indications, including multiple sclerosis and post-traumatic stress disorders. Activity-based probes have also been used to visualize the activity of these lipid metabolizing enzymes with high spatial resolution in brain slices, thereby showing the cell type-specific activity of these lipid metabolizing enzymes. The transport, release, and uptake of signaling lipids themselves cannot, however, be captured by activity-based probes in a spatiotemporal controlled manner. Therefore, bio-orthogonal lipids equipped with photoreactive, photoswitchable groups or photocages have been developed. These chemical probes were employed to investigate the protein interaction partners of the endocannabinoids, such as putative membrane transporters, as well as to study the functional cellular responses within milliseconds upon irradiation. Finally, genetically encoded sensors have recently been developed to monitor the real-time release of endocannabinoids with high spatiotemporal resolution in cultured neurons, acute brain slices, and in vivo mouse models. It is anticipated that the combination of chemical probes, highly selective inhibitors, and sensors with advanced (super resolution) imaging modalities, such as PharmacoSTORM and correlative light-electron microscopy, will uncover the fundamental basis of lipid signaling at nanoscale resolution in the brain. Furthermore, chemical biology approaches enable the translation of these fundamental discoveries into clinical solutions for brain diseases with aberrant lipid signaling.
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23
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Li Y, Li Y, Xu S, Chen Y, Zhou P, Hu T, Li H, Liu Y, Xu Y, Ren J, Qiu Y, Lu C. N-Acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) exacerbates psoriasis inflammation by enhancing dendritic cell (DCs) maturation. Pharmacol Res 2022; 185:106491. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Mabou Tagne A, Fotio Y, Uppal PS, Piomelli D. Synergistic antinociceptive effects of concomitant NAAA and peripheral FAAH inhibition. Exp Neurol 2022; 357:114194. [PMID: 35932800 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular lipid amidases, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA), terminate the actions of anandamide and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), two antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory lipid-derived mediators. Here we show, confirming prior research, that small-molecule inhibitors of peripheral FAAH (compound URB937) and systemic NAAA (compound ARN19702) individually attenuate, in male CD-1 mice, pain-related behaviors and paw inflammation in the formalin and carrageenan tests. More importantly, isobolographic analyses revealed that the combination of URB937 and ARN19702 produced substantial synergistic (greater than additive) antinociceptive effects in both models as well as additive anti-inflammatory effects in the carrageenan test. Together, the findings uncover a functional interplay between FAAH and NAAA substrates in the control of nociception, which might be exploited clinically to develop safe and effective pain management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Mabou Tagne
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4625, USA.
| | - Yannick Fotio
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4625, USA
| | - Parwinder Singh Uppal
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4625, USA
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4625, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4625, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, CA 92697-4625, USA.
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25
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Palese F, Pontis S, Realini N, Torrens A, Ahmed F, Assogna F, Pellicano C, Bossù P, Spalletta G, Green K, Piomelli D. Targeting NAAA counters dopamine neuron loss and symptom progression in mouse models of parkinsonism. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106338. [PMID: 35781057 PMCID: PMC9733952 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The lysosomal cysteine hydrolase N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) deactivates palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), a lipid-derived PPAR-α agonist that is critically involved in the control of pain and inflammation. In this study, we asked whether NAAA-regulated PEA signaling might contribute to dopamine neuron degeneration and parkinsonism induced by the mitochondrial neurotoxins, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). In vitro experiments showed that 6-OHDA and MPTP enhanced NAAA expression and lowered PEA content in human SH-SY5Y cells. A similar effect was observed in mouse midbrain dopamine neurons following intra-striatal 6-OHDA injection. Importantly, deletion of the Naaa gene or pharmacological inhibition of NAAA activity substantially attenuated both dopamine neuron death and parkinsonian symptoms in mice treated with 6-OHDA or MPTP. Moreover, NAAA expression was elevated in postmortem brain cortex and premortem blood-derived exosomes from persons with Parkinson's disease compared to age-matched controls. The results identify NAAA-regulated PEA signaling as a molecular control point for dopaminergic neuron survival and a potential target for neuroprotective intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Palese
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology University of California Irvine, 92697-1275 CA, USA
| | - Silvia Pontis
- Drug Discovery and Development, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Natalia Realini
- Drug Discovery and Development, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Alexa Torrens
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology University of California Irvine, 92697-1275 CA, USA
| | - Faizy Ahmed
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology University of California Irvine, 92697-1275 CA, USA
| | - Francesca Assogna
- Laboratorio di Neuropsichiatria, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Clelia Pellicano
- Laboratorio di Neuropsichiatria, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Bossù
- Laboratorio di Neuropsichiatria, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Laboratorio di Neuropsichiatria, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Kim Green
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, 92697-1275 CA, USA
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology University of California Irvine, 92697-1275 CA, USA,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, 92697-1275 CA, USA,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, 92697-1275 CA, USA
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26
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α-Acylamino-β-lactone N-Acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing Acid Amidase Inhibitors Encapsulated in PLGA Nanoparticles: Improvement of the Physical Stability and Protection of Human Cells from Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040686. [PMID: 35453371 PMCID: PMC9028182 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) is an N-terminal cysteine hydrolase that preferentially catalyzes the hydrolysis of endogenous lipid mediators such as palmitoylethanolamide, which has been shown to exhibit neuroprotective and antinociceptive properties by engaging peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α. A few potent NAAA inhibitors have been developed, including α-acylamino-β-lactone derivatives, which are very strong and effective, but they have limited chemical and plasmatic stability, compromising their use as systemic agents. In the present study, as an example of a molecule belonging to the chemical class of N-(2-oxo-3-oxetanyl)amide NAAA inhibitors, URB866 was entrapped in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles in order to increase its physical stability. The data show a monomodal pattern and a significant time- and temperature-dependent stability of the molecule-loaded nanoparticles, which also demonstrated a greater ability to effectively retain the compound. The nanoparticles improved the photostability of URB866 with respect to that of the free molecule and displayed a better antioxidant profile on various cell lines at the molecule concentration of 25 μM. Overall, these results prove that the use of polymeric nanoparticles could be a useful strategy for overcoming the instability of α-acylamino-β-lactone NAAA inhibitors, allowing the maintenance of their characteristics and activity for a longer time.
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27
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Xie X, Li Y, Xu S, Zhou P, Yang L, Xu Y, Qiu Y, Yang Y, Li Y. Genetic Blockade of NAAA Cell-specifically Regulates Fatty Acid Ethanolamides (FAEs) Metabolism and Inflammatory Responses. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:817603. [PMID: 35069223 PMCID: PMC8777083 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.817603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) is a lysosomal enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of fatty acid ethanolamides (FAEs). However, the role of NAAA in FAEs metabolism and regulation of pain and inflammation remains mostly unknown. Here, we generated NAAA-deficient (NAAA-/-) mice using CRISPR-Cas9 technique, and found that deletion of NAAA increased PEA and AEA levels in bone marrow (BM) and macrophages, and elevated AEA levels in lungs. Unexpectedly, genetic blockade of NAAA caused moderately effective anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI), and poor analgesic effects in carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia and sciatic nerve injury (SNI)-induced mechanical allodynia. These data contrasted with acute (single dose) or chronic NAAA inhibition by F96, which produced marked anti-inflammation and analgesia in these models. BM chimera experiments indicated that these phenotypes were associated with the absence of NAAA in non-BM cells, whereas deletion of NAAA in BM or BM-derived cells in rodent models resulted in potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory phenotypes. When combined, current study suggested that genetic blockade of NAAA regulated FAEs metabolism and inflammatory responses in a cell-specifical manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,School of Medicine, Institute of Pediatrics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yitian Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Mianyang/Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, China
| | - Sennan Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Pan Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Longhe Yang
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Yaping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Fujian Province University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Mianyang/Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, China
| | - Yungang Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,School of Medicine, Institute of Pediatrics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuhang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian, China.,Xiamen Institute of Rare-earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian, China
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28
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Huang D, Shen J, Zhai L, Chen H, Fei J, Zhu X, Zhou J. Insights Into the Prognostic Value and Immunological Role of NAAA in Pan-Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 12:812713. [PMID: 35069601 PMCID: PMC8772335 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.812713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Acylethanolamine Acid Amidase (NAAA) is an N-terminal cysteine hydrolase and plays a vital physiological role in inflammatory response. However, the roles of NAAA in tumor immunity are still unclear. By using a series of bioinformatics approaches, we study combined data from different databases, including the Cancer Genome Atlas, the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, Genotype Tissue-Expression, cBioPortal, Human Protein Atlas, TIMER, and ImmuCellAI to investigate the role of NAAA expression in prognosis and tumor immunity response. We would like to reveal the potential correlations between NAAA expression and gene alterations, tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), DNA methylation, tumor microenvironment (TME), immune infiltration levels, and various immune-related genes across different cancers. The results show that NAAA displayed abnormal expression within most malignant tumors, and overexpression of NAAA was associated with the poor prognosis of tumor patients. Through gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), we found that NAAA was significantly associated with cell cycle and immune regulation-related signaling pathways, such as in innate immune system, adaptive immune system, neutrophil degranulation, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways (TLRs). Further, the expression of NAAA was also confirmed to be correlated with tumor microenvironment and diverse infiltration of immune cells, especially tumor-associated macrophage (TAM). In addition to this, we found that NAAA is co-expressed with genes encoding major histocompatibility complex (MHC), immune activation, immune suppression, chemokine, and chemokine receptors. Meanwhile, we demonstrate that NAAA expression was correlated with TMB in 4 cancers and with MSI in 10 cancers. Our study reveals that NAAA plays an important role in tumorigenesis and cancer immunity, which may be used to function as a prognostic biomarker and potential target for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Huang
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Shen
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingyun Zhai
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Chen
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Fei
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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29
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Clayton P, Subah S, Venkatesh R, Hill M, Bogoda N. Palmitoylethanolamide: A Potential Alternative to Cannabidiol. J Diet Suppl 2021; 20:505-530. [PMID: 34842030 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2021.2005733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a widespread cell signaling network that maintains homeostasis in response to endogenous and exogenous stressors. This has made the ECS an attractive therapeutic target for various disease states. The ECS is a well-known target of exogenous phytocannabinoids derived from cannabis plants, the most well characterized being Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). However, the therapeutic efficacy of cannabis products comes with a risk of toxicity and high abuse potential due to the psychoactivity of THC. CBD, on the other hand, is reported to have beneficial medicinal properties including analgesic, neuroprotective, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and antipsychotic activities, while apparently lacking the toxicity of THC. Nevertheless, not only is the currently available scientific data concerning CBD's efficacy insufficient, there is also ambiguity surrounding its regulatory status and safety in humans that brings inherent risks to manufacturers. There is a demand for alternative compounds combining similar effects with a robust safety profile and regulatory approval. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an endocannabinoid-like lipid mediator, primarily known for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic and neuroprotective properties. It appears to have a multi-modal mechanism of action, by primarily activating the nuclear receptor PPAR-α while also potentially working through the ECS, thus targeting similar pathways as CBD. With proven efficacy in several therapeutic areas, its safety and tolerability profile and the development of formulations that maximize its bioavailability, PEA is a promising alternative to CBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Clayton
- Institute of Food, Brain and Behaviour, Oxford, UK
| | - Silma Subah
- Gencor Pacific Limited, Lantau Island, Hong Kong
| | | | - Mariko Hill
- Gencor Pacific Limited, Lantau Island, Hong Kong
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30
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Hu J, Ying H, Yao J, Yang L, Jin W, Ma H, Li L, Zhao Y. Micronized Palmitoylethanolamide Ameliorates Methionine- and Choline-Deficient Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis via Inhibiting Inflammation and Restoring Autophagy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:744483. [PMID: 34712137 PMCID: PMC8546106 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.744483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has become one of the serious causes of chronic liver diseases, characterized by hepatic steatosis, hepatocellular injury, inflammation and fibrosis, and lack of efficient therapeutic agents. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an endogenous bioactive lipid with various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and neuroprotective effects. However, the effect of PEA on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is still unknown. Our study aims to explore the potential protective role of PEA on NASH and to reveal the underlying mechanism. In this study, the C57BL/6 mice were used to establish the NASH model through methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet feeding. Here, we found that PEA treatment significantly improved liver function, alleviated hepatic pathological changes, and attenuated the lipid accumulation and hepatic fibrosis in NASH mice induced by MCD diet feeding. Mechanistically, the anti-steatosis effect of PEA may be due to the suppressed expression of ACC1 and CD36, elevated expression of PPAR-α, and the phosphorylation levels of AMPK. In addition, hepatic oxidative stress was greatly inhibited in MCD-fed mice treated with PEA via enhancing the expression and activities of antioxidant enzymes, including GSH-px and SOD. Moreover, PEA exerted a clear anti-inflammatory effect though ameliorating the expression of inflammatory mediators and suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway activation. Furthermore, the impaired autophagy in MCD-induced mice was reactivated with PEA treatment. Taken together, our research suggested that PEA protects against NASH through the inhibition of inflammation and restoration of autophagy. Thus, PEA may represent an efficient therapeutic agent to treat NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaji Hu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hanglu Ying
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jie Yao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Longhe Yang
- Technology Innovation Center for Exploitation of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Wenhui Jin
- Technology Innovation Center for Exploitation of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Huabin Ma
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Long Li
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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31
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Fotio Y, Jung KM, Palese F, Obenaus A, Tagne AM, Lin L, Rashid TI, Pacheco R, Jullienne A, Ramirez J, Mor M, Spadoni G, Jang C, Hohmann AG, Piomelli D. NAAA-regulated lipid signaling governs the transition from acute to chronic pain. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi8834. [PMID: 34678057 PMCID: PMC8535814 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi8834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain affects 1.5 billion people worldwide but remains woefully undertreated. Understanding the molecular events leading to its emergence is necessary to discover disease-modifying therapies. Here we show that N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) is a critical control point in the progression to pain chronicity, which can be effectively targeted by small-molecule therapeutics that inhibit this enzyme. NAAA catalyzes the deactivating hydrolysis of palmitoylethanolamide, a lipid-derived agonist of the transcriptional regulator of cellular metabolism, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α). Our results show that disabling NAAA in spinal cord during a 72-h time window following peripheral tissue injury halts chronic pain development in male and female mice by triggering a PPAR-α-dependent reprogramming of local core metabolism from aerobic glycolysis, which is transiently enhanced after end-organ damage, to mitochondrial respiration. The results identify NAAA as a crucial control node in the transition to chronic pain and a molecular target for disease-modifying medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Fotio
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Kwang-Mook Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Francesca Palese
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Andre Obenaus
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Alex Mabou Tagne
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Tarif Ibne Rashid
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Romario Pacheco
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, and Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47401, USA
| | - Amandine Jullienne
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jade Ramirez
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Marco Mor
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università di Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Gilberto Spadoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università di Urbino “Carlo Bo,” 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Andrea G. Hohmann
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, and Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47401, USA
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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32
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Di Fruscia P, Carbone A, Bottegoni G, Berti F, Giacomina F, Ponzano S, Pagliuca C, Fiasella A, Pizzirani D, Ortega JA, Nuzzi A, Tarozzo G, Mengatto L, Giampà R, Penna I, Russo D, Romeo E, Summa M, Bertorelli R, Armirotti A, Bertozzi SM, Reggiani A, Bandiera T, Bertozzi F. Discovery and SAR Evolution of Pyrazole Azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane Sulfonamides as a Novel Class of Non-Covalent N-Acylethanolamine-Hydrolyzing Acid Amidase (NAAA) Inhibitors for Oral Administration. J Med Chem 2021; 64:13327-13355. [PMID: 34469137 PMCID: PMC8474119 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of intracellular N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase (NAAA) activity is a promising approach to manage the inflammatory response under disabling conditions. In fact, NAAA inhibition preserves endogenous palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) from degradation, thus increasing and prolonging its anti-inflammatory and analgesic efficacy at the inflamed site. In the present work, we report the identification of a potent, systemically available, novel class of NAAA inhibitors, featuring a pyrazole azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane structural core. After an initial screening campaign, a careful structure-activity relationship study led to the discovery of endo-ethoxymethyl-pyrazinyloxy-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-pyrazole sulfonamide 50 (ARN19689), which was found to inhibit human NAAA in the low nanomolar range (IC50 = 0.042 μM) with a non-covalent mechanism of action. In light of its favorable biochemical, in vitro and in vivo drug-like profile, sulfonamide 50 could be regarded as a promising pharmacological tool to be further investigated in the field of inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Di Fruscia
- D3-PharmaChemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16163Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Carbone
- D3-PharmaChemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16163Genova, Italy
- Department
of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies
(STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bottegoni
- Computational
and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia (IIT), 16163Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Berti
- D3-PharmaChemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16163Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Giacomina
- D3-PharmaChemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16163Genova, Italy
| | - Stefano Ponzano
- D3-PharmaChemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16163Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Pagliuca
- D3-PharmaChemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16163Genova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Fiasella
- D3-PharmaChemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16163Genova, Italy
| | - Daniela Pizzirani
- D3-PharmaChemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16163Genova, Italy
| | - Jose Antonio Ortega
- D3-PharmaChemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16163Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Nuzzi
- D3-PharmaChemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16163Genova, Italy
| | - Glauco Tarozzo
- D3-PharmaChemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16163Genova, Italy
| | - Luisa Mengatto
- D3-PharmaChemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16163Genova, Italy
| | - Roberta Giampà
- D3-PharmaChemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16163Genova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Penna
- D3-PharmaChemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16163Genova, Italy
| | - Debora Russo
- D3-PharmaChemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16163Genova, Italy
| | - Elisa Romeo
- D3-Validation, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16163Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Summa
- Analytical
Chemistry and Translational Pharmacology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16163Genova, Italy
| | - Rosalia Bertorelli
- Analytical
Chemistry and Translational Pharmacology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16163Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Armirotti
- Analytical
Chemistry and Translational Pharmacology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16163Genova, Italy
| | - Sine Mandrup Bertozzi
- Analytical
Chemistry and Translational Pharmacology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16163Genova, Italy
| | - Angelo Reggiani
- D3-Validation, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16163Genova, Italy
| | - Tiziano Bandiera
- D3-PharmaChemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16163Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio Bertozzi
- D3-PharmaChemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16163Genova, Italy
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Tsuboi K, Tai T, Yamashita R, Ali H, Watanabe T, Uyama T, Okamoto Y, Kitakaze K, Takenouchi Y, Go S, Rahman IAS, Houchi H, Tanaka T, Okamoto Y, Tokumura A, Matsuda J, Ueda N. Involvement of acid ceramidase in the degradation of bioactive N-acylethanolamines. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158972. [PMID: 34033896 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) include palmitoylethanolamide, oleoylethanolamide, and anandamide, which exert anti-inflammatory, anorexic, and cannabimimetic actions, respectively. The degradation of NAEs has been attributed to two hydrolases, fatty acid amide hydrolase and NAE acid amidase (NAAA). Acid ceramidase (AC) is a lysosomal enzyme that hydrolyzes ceramide (N-acylsphingosine), which resembles NAAA in structure and function. In the present study, we examined the role of AC in the degradation of NAEs. First, we demonstrated that purified recombinant human AC can hydrolyze various NAEs with lauroylethanolamide (C12:0-NAE) as the most reactive NAE substrate. We then used HEK293 cells metabolically labeled with [14C]ethanolamine, and revealed that overexpressed AC lowered the levels of 14C-labeled NAE. As analyzed with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, AC overexpression decreased the amounts of different NAE species. Furthermore, suppression of endogenous AC in LNCaP prostate cells by siRNA increased the levels of various NAEs. Lastly, tissue homogenates from mice genetically lacking saposin D, a presumable activator protein of AC, showed much lower hydrolyzing activity for NAE as well as ceramide than the homogenates from wild-type mice. These results demonstrate the ability of AC to hydrolyze NAEs and suggest its physiological role as a third NAE hydrolase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhito Tsuboi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Tai
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Kagawa University Hospital, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Ryouhei Yamashita
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Hanif Ali
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Department of Pathophysiology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Toru Uyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Yoko Okamoto
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kitakaze
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takenouchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Shinji Go
- Department of Pathophysiology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Iffat Ara Sonia Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Houchi
- Department of Pharmacy, Kagawa University Hospital, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan; Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Yasuo Okamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Akira Tokumura
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan; Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan
| | - Junko Matsuda
- Department of Pathophysiology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Natsuo Ueda
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
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Fotio Y, Sasso O, Ciccocioppo R, Piomelli D. Antinociceptive Profile of ARN19702, (2-Ethylsulfonylphenyl)-[(2S)-4-(6-fluoro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-2-methylpiperazin-1-yl]methanone, a Novel Orally Active N-Acylethanolamine Acid Amidase Inhibitor, in Animal Models. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 378:70-76. [PMID: 33986036 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) is an N-terminal cysteine hydrolase that stops the physiologic actions of palmitoylethanolamide, an endogenous lipid messenger that activates the transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α We have previously reported that the compound ARN19702 [(2-ethylsulfonylphenyl)-[(2S)-4-(6-fluoro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-2-methylpiperazin-1-yl]methanone] is an orally active, reversible NAAA inhibitor (IC50 on human NAAA = 230 nM) that produces remarkable protective effects against multiple sclerosis in mice. In the present study, we assessed the profile of ARN19702 in mouse and rat models of acute and neuropathic pain. Oral administration in male mice attenuated in a dose-dependent manner the spontaneous nocifensive response elicited by intraplantar formalin injection and the hypersensitivity caused by intraplantar carrageenan injection, paw incision, or sciatic nerve ligation. In male rats, ARN19702 reduced nociception associated with paclitaxel-induced neuropathy without development of subacute antinociceptive tolerance. Finally, ARN19702 (30 mg/kg, oral) did not produce place preference or alter exploratory motor behavior in male mice. The findings support the conclusion that NAAA is a suitable molecular target for the discovery of efficacious analgesic drugs devoid of rewarding potential. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study evaluated the pharmacological profile of the orally bioavailable N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) inhibitor (2-ethylsulfonylphenyl)-[(2S)-4-(6-fluoro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-2-methylpiperazin-1-yl]methanone (ARN19702) in mouse and rat models of neurogenic and inflammatory pain. The compound's potential rewarding and sedative effects were also examined. It is concluded that ARN19702 exhibits a broad analgesic profile that can be generalized across rodent species. The findings point to NAAA as a control node in the processing of neuropathic and inflammatory pain and to ARN19702 as a lead to uncover novel pain therapeutics devoid of addictive potential .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Fotio
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology (Y.F., D.P.), Biological Chemistry (D.P.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (D.P.), University of California, Irvine, California; Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto Italiano di Technologia, Genova, Italy (O.S.); and School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy (R.C.)
| | - Oscar Sasso
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology (Y.F., D.P.), Biological Chemistry (D.P.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (D.P.), University of California, Irvine, California; Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto Italiano di Technologia, Genova, Italy (O.S.); and School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy (R.C.)
| | - Roberto Ciccocioppo
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology (Y.F., D.P.), Biological Chemistry (D.P.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (D.P.), University of California, Irvine, California; Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto Italiano di Technologia, Genova, Italy (O.S.); and School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy (R.C.)
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology (Y.F., D.P.), Biological Chemistry (D.P.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (D.P.), University of California, Irvine, California; Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto Italiano di Technologia, Genova, Italy (O.S.); and School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy (R.C.)
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Uc A, Andersen DK, Apkarian AV, Bellin MD, Colloca L, Drewes AM, Dunbar EK, Forsmark CE, Goodman MT, Kapural L, Koob GF, Palermo TM, Pandol SJ, Pasricha P, Phillips AE, Piomelli D, Saloman JL, Schwarzenberg SJ, Singh VK, Sowa G, Strouse T, Treisman GJ, Windsor JA, Yadav D. Pancreatic Pain-Knowledge Gaps and Research Opportunities in Children and Adults: Summary of a National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Workshop. Pancreas 2021; 50:906-915. [PMID: 34643606 PMCID: PMC10273134 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A workshop was sponsored by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases to focus on research gaps and opportunities in pancreatic pain. The event was held on July 21, 2021, and structured into 4 sessions: (1) pathophysiology; (2) biomarkers, mediators, and pharmacology of pain; (3) pain assessment; and (4) pain treatment challenges and opportunities. The current state of knowledge was reviewed; many knowledge gaps and research needs were identified that require further investigation. Common themes included the need to better understand the underlying mechanisms of pain in pancreatic diseases, the relationship of visceral neural pathways and central pain centers, the role of behavioral factors and disorders on the perception of pain, and differences in pain perception and processes in children when compared with adults. In addition, the role of genetic risk factors for pain and the mechanisms and role of placebos in pain treatment were discussed. Methods of pain assessment including quantitative sensory testing were examined, as well as the process of central sensitization of pain. Finally, newer approaches to pain management including cognitive behavioral therapy, nerve stimulation, experimental (nonopioid) drugs, and cannabinoid compounds were covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliye Uc
- From the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pancreatology and Nutrition, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Dana K Andersen
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - A Vania Apkarian
- Departments of Physiology, Anesthesiology, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Center for Translational Pain Research, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Melena D Bellin
- Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Asbjørn M Drewes
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Christopher E Forsmark
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Marc T Goodman
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - George F Koob
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Stephen J Pandol
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Pankaj Pasricha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Anna E Phillips
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Biological Chemistry, and Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA
| | - Jami L Saloman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine
| | - Sarah Jane Schwarzenberg
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Vikesh K Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Gwendolyn Sowa
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Thomas Strouse
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Glenn J Treisman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - John A Windsor
- Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dhiraj Yadav
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine
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36
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Wiley MB, Perez PA, Argueta DA, Avalos B, Wood CP, DiPatrizio NV. UPLC-MS/MS Method for Analysis of Endocannabinoid and Related Lipid Metabolism in Mouse Mucosal Tissue. Front Physiol 2021; 12:699712. [PMID: 34335305 PMCID: PMC8317065 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.699712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is expressed in cells throughout the body and controls a variety of physiological and pathophysiological functions. We describe robust and reproducible UPLC-MS/MS-based methods for analyzing metabolism of the endocannabinoids, 2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol and arachidonoyl ethanolamide, and related monoacylglycerols (MAGs) and fatty acid ethanolamides (FAEs), respectively, in mouse mucosal tissues (i.e., intestine and lung). These methods are optimized for analysis of activity of the MAG biosynthetic enzyme, diacylglycerol lipase (DGL), and MAG degradative enzymes, monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) and alpha/beta hydrolase domain containing-6 (ABHD6). Moreover, we describe a novel UPLC-MS/MS-based method for analyzing activity of the FAE degradative enzyme, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), that does not require use of radioactive substrates. In addition, we describe in vivo pharmacological methods to inhibit MAG biosynthesis selectively in the mouse small-intestinal epithelium. These methods will be useful for profiling endocannabinoid metabolism in rodent mucosal tissues in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Wiley
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Pedro A Perez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Donovan A Argueta
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Bryant Avalos
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Courtney P Wood
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas V DiPatrizio
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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37
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Ghidini A, Scalvini L, Palese F, Lodola A, Mor M, Piomelli D. Different roles for the acyl chain and the amine leaving group in the substrate selectivity of N-Acylethanolamine acid amidase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1411-1423. [PMID: 34256657 PMCID: PMC8279155 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1912035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) is an N-terminal nucleophile (Ntn) hydrolase that catalyses the intracellular deactivation of the endogenous analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent palmitoylethanolamide (PEA). NAAA inhibitors counteract this process and exert marked therapeutic effects in animal models of pain, inflammation and neurodegeneration. While it is known that NAAA preferentially hydrolyses saturated fatty acid ethanolamides (FAEs), a detailed profile of the relationship between catalytic efficiency and fatty acid-chain length is still lacking. In this report, we combined enzymatic and molecular modelling approaches to determine the effects of acyl chain and polar head modifications on substrate recognition and hydrolysis by NAAA. The results show that, in both saturated and monounsaturated FAEs, the catalytic efficiency is strictly dependent upon fatty acyl chain length, whereas there is a wider tolerance for modifications of the polar heads. This relationship reflects the relative stability of enzyme-substrate complexes in molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ghidini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Scalvini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Palese
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alessio Lodola
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Mor
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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38
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Bottemanne P, Guillemot-Legris O, Paquot A, Masquelier J, Malamas M, Makriyannis A, Alhouayek M, Muccioli GG. N-Acylethanolamine-Hydrolyzing Acid Amidase Inhibition, but Not Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Inhibition, Prevents the Development of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1815-1833. [PMID: 34235639 PMCID: PMC8609003 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01074-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) are endogenous bioactive lipids reported to exert anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects mediated by cannabinoid receptors and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), among others. Therefore, interfering with NAE signaling could be a promising strategy to decrease inflammation in neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase (NAAA) are key modulators of NAE levels. This study aims to investigate and compare the effect of NAAA inhibition, FAAH inhibition, and dual inhibition of both enzymes in a mouse model of MS, namely the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Our data show that NAAA inhibition strongly decreased the hallmarks of the pathology. Interestingly, FAAH inhibition was less efficient in decreasing inflammatory hallmarks despite the increased NAE levels. Moreover, the inhibition of both NAAA and FAAH, using a dual-inhibitor or the co-administration of NAAA and FAAH inhibitors, did not show an added value compared to NAAA inhibition. Furthermore, our data suggest an important role of decreased activation of astrocytes and microglia in the effects of NAAA inhibition on EAE, while NAAA inhibition did not affect T cell recall. This work highlights the beneficial effects of NAAA inhibition in the context of central nervous system inflammation and suggests that the simultaneous inhibition of NAAA and FAAH has no additional beneficial effect in EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Bottemanne
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, B1.72.01, Av. E. Mounier 72, 1200, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Owein Guillemot-Legris
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, B1.72.01, Av. E. Mounier 72, 1200, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Adrien Paquot
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, B1.72.01, Av. E. Mounier 72, 1200, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Julien Masquelier
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, B1.72.01, Av. E. Mounier 72, 1200, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Michael Malamas
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mireille Alhouayek
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, B1.72.01, Av. E. Mounier 72, 1200, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, B1.72.01, Av. E. Mounier 72, 1200, Bruxelles, Belgium.
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39
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Flannery LE, Kerr DM, Hughes EM, Kelly C, Costello J, Thornton AM, Humphrey RM, Finn DP, Roche M. N-acylethanolamine regulation of TLR3-induced hyperthermia and neuroinflammatory gene expression: A role for PPARα. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 358:577654. [PMID: 34265624 PMCID: PMC8243641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, is associated with increased risk of developing neurological or psychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety or dementia. While the precise mechanism underlying this association is unknown, aberrant activation of toll-like receptor (TLR)3, a viral recognizing pattern recognition receptor, may play a key role. Synthetic cannabinoids and enhancing cannabinoid tone via inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) has been demonstrated to modulate TLR3-induced neuroimmune responses and associated sickness behaviour. However, the role of individual FAAH substrates, and the receptor mechanisms mediating these effects, are unknown. The present study examined the effects of intracerebral or systemic administration of the FAAH substrates N-oleoylethanolamide (OEA), N-palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) or the anandamide (AEA) analogue meth-AEA on hyperthermia and hypothalamic inflammatory gene expression following administration of the TLR3 agonist, and viral mimetic, poly I:C. The data demonstrate that meth-AEA does not alter TLR3-induced hyperthermia or hypothalamic inflammatory gene expression. In comparison, OEA and PEA attenuated the TLR3-induced hyperthermia, although only OEA attenuated the expression of hyperthermia-related genes (IL-1β, iNOS, COX2 and m-PGES) in the hypothalamus. OEA, but not PEA, attenuated TLR3-induced increases in the expression of all IRF- and NFκB-related genes examined in the hypothalamus, but not in the spleen. Antagonism of PPARα prevented the OEA-induced attenuation of IRF- and NFκB-related genes in the hypothalamus following TLR3 activation but did not significantly alter temperature. PPARα agonism did not alter TLR3-induced hyperthermia or hypothalamic inflammatory gene expression. These data indicate that OEA may be the primary FAAH substrate that modulates TLR3-induced neuroinflammation and hyperthermia, effects partially mediated by PPARα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa E Flannery
- Physiology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Centre for Pain Research and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Daniel M Kerr
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Centre for Pain Research and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Edel M Hughes
- Physiology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Colm Kelly
- Physiology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | | | | | - Rachel M Humphrey
- Physiology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Centre for Pain Research and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - David P Finn
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Centre for Pain Research and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michelle Roche
- Physiology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Centre for Pain Research and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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40
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Rahman SMK, Uyama T, Hussain Z, Ueda N. Roles of Endocannabinoids and Endocannabinoid-like Molecules in Energy Homeostasis and Metabolic Regulation: A Nutritional Perspective. Annu Rev Nutr 2021; 41:177-202. [PMID: 34115519 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-043020-090216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is involved in signal transduction in mammals. It comprises principally G protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors and their endogenous agonists, called endocannabinoids, as well as the enzymes and transporters responsible for the metabolism of endocannabinoids. Two arachidonic acid-containing lipid molecules, arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, function as endocannabinoids. N-acylethanolamines and monoacylglycerols, in which the arachidonic acid chain is replaced with a saturated or monounsaturated fatty acid, are not directly involved in the endocannabinoid system but exhibit agonistic activities for other receptors. These endocannabinoid-like molecules include palmitoylethanolamide, oleoylethanolamide (OEA), and 2-oleoylglycerol. Endocannabinoids stimulate feeding behavior and the anabolism of lipids and glucose, while OEA suppresses appetite. Both central and peripheral systems are included in these nutritional and metabolic contexts. Therefore, they have potential in the treatment and prevention of obesity. We outline the structure, metabolism, and biological activities of endocannabinoids and related molecules, and focus on their involvement in energy homeostasis and metabolic regulation. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nutrition, Volume 41 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Khaledur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; , , .,Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore-7408, Bangladesh
| | - Toru Uyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; , ,
| | - Zahir Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; , , .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA;
| | - Natsuo Ueda
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; , ,
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41
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Kasatkina LA, Rittchen S, Sturm EM. Neuroprotective and Immunomodulatory Action of the Endocannabinoid System under Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115431. [PMID: 34063947 PMCID: PMC8196612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are lipid-based retrograde messengers with a relatively short half-life that are produced endogenously and, upon binding to the primary cannabinoid receptors CB1/2, mediate multiple mechanisms of intercellular communication within the body. Endocannabinoid signaling is implicated in brain development, memory formation, learning, mood, anxiety, depression, feeding behavior, analgesia, and drug addiction. It is now recognized that the endocannabinoid system mediates not only neuronal communications but also governs the crosstalk between neurons, glia, and immune cells, and thus represents an important player within the neuroimmune interface. Generation of primary endocannabinoids is accompanied by the production of their congeners, the N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), which together with N-acylneurotransmitters, lipoamino acids and primary fatty acid amides comprise expanded endocannabinoid/endovanilloid signaling systems. Most of these compounds do not bind CB1/2, but signal via several other pathways involving the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α and non-cannabinoid G-protein coupled receptors (GPRs) to mediate anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective activities. In vivo generation of the cannabinoid compounds is triggered by physiological and pathological stimuli and, specifically in the brain, mediates fine regulation of synaptic strength, neuroprotection, and resolution of neuroinflammation. Here, we review the role of the endocannabinoid system in intrinsic neuroprotective mechanisms and its therapeutic potential for the treatment of neuroinflammation and associated synaptopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila A. Kasatkina
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (L.A.K.); (S.R.)
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Sonja Rittchen
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (L.A.K.); (S.R.)
| | - Eva M. Sturm
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (L.A.K.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence:
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42
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Malamas MS, Pavlopoulos S, Alapafuja SO, Farah SI, Zvonok A, Mohammad KA, West J, Perry NT, Pelekoudas DN, Rajarshi G, Shields C, Chandrashekhar H, Wood J, Makriyannis A. Design and Structure-Activity Relationships of Isothiocyanates as Potent and Selective N-Acylethanolamine-Hydrolyzing Acid Amidase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2021; 64:5956-5972. [PMID: 33900772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
N-Acylethanolamines are signaling lipid molecules implicated in pathophysiological conditions associated with inflammation and pain. N-Acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) favorably hydrolyzes lipid palmitoylethanolamide, which plays a key role in the regulation of inflammatory and pain processes. The synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies encompassing the isothiocyanate pharmacophore have produced potent low nanomolar inhibitors for hNAAA, while exhibiting high selectivity (>100-fold) against other serine hydrolases and cysteine peptidases. We have followed a target-based structure-activity relationship approach, supported by computational methods and known cocrystals of hNAAA. We have identified systemically active inhibitors with good plasma stability (t1/2 > 2 h) and microsomal stability (t1/2 ∼ 15-30 min) as pharmacological tools to investigate the role of NAAA in inflammation, pain, and drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Spiro Pavlopoulos
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Shakiru O Alapafuja
- MAK Scientific LLC, 151 South Bedford Street, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803, United States
| | - Shrouq I Farah
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Alexander Zvonok
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Khadijah A Mohammad
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jay West
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Nicholas Thomas Perry
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Dimitrios N Pelekoudas
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Girija Rajarshi
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Christina Shields
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Honrao Chandrashekhar
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jodi Wood
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Chavira-Ramos K, Orozco-Morales M, Karasu Ç, Tinkov AA, Aschner M, Santamaría A, Colín-González AL. URB597 Prevents the Short-Term Excitotoxic Cell Damage in Rat Cortical Slices: Role of Cannabinoid 1 Receptors. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:146-155. [PMID: 33141426 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00301-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Endocannabinoid-based therapies constitute an emerging tool for the potential treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, requiring characterization at the experimental level. The effects of URB597, an inhibitor of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), were tested against the quinolinic acid (QUIN)-induced early toxic effects in rat cortical slices, and compared with those effects exerted by the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA). URB597 prevented the QUIN-induced loss of mitochondrial function/cell viability and lipid peroxidation, while reduced necrosis, and to a lesser extent, apoptosis. The protective effects of URB597 were mediated by activation of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1r), as evidenced by their inhibition by the selective CB1r antagonist AM281. Similar effects were observed when testing AEA against QUIN toxicity. Our findings demonstrate the neuroprotective properties of URB597 during the early stages of excitotoxic damage to cortical tissue, suggesting that these properties are mediated by FAAH inhibition, and might be linked to the protective effects of AEA, or the combination of endocannabinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Chavira-Ramos
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, S.S.A., 14269, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Orozco-Morales
- Laboratorio de Medicina Personalizada, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, S.S.A., 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Çimen Karasu
- Cellular Stress Response and Signal Transduction Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Gazi University, Beşevler, 06500, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 11354, USA
| | - Abel Santamaría
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, S.S.A., 14269, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Ana Laura Colín-González
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, S.S.A., 14269, Mexico City, Mexico
- Banco de Tumores, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, S.S.A., 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
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della Rocca G, Gamba D. Chronic Pain in Dogs and Cats: Is There Place for Dietary Intervention with Micro-Palmitoylethanolamide? Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:952. [PMID: 33805489 PMCID: PMC8065429 DOI: 10.3390/ani11040952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of chronic pain is an integral challenge of small animal veterinary practitioners. Multiple pharmacological agents are usually employed to treat maladaptive pain including opiates, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, and others. In order to limit adverse effects and tolerance development, they are often combined with non-pharmacologic measures such as acupuncture and dietary interventions. Accumulating evidence suggests that non-neuronal cells such as mast cells and microglia play active roles in the pathogenesis of maladaptive pain. Accordingly, these cells are currently viewed as potential new targets for managing chronic pain. Palmitoylethanolamide is an endocannabinoid-like compound found in several food sources and considered a body's own analgesic. The receptor-dependent control of non-neuronal cells mediates the pain-relieving effect of palmitoylethanolamide. Accumulating evidence shows the anti-hyperalgesic effect of supplemented palmitoylethanolamide, especially in the micronized and co-micronized formulations (i.e., micro-palmitoylethanolamide), which allow for higher bioavailability. In the present paper, the role of non-neuronal cells in pain signaling is discussed and a large number of studies on the effect of palmitoylethanolamide in inflammatory and neuropathic chronic pain are reviewed. Overall, available evidence suggests that there is place for micro-palmitoylethanolamide in the dietary management of chronic pain in dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia della Rocca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Centro di Ricerca sul Dolore Animale (CeRiDA), Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Davide Gamba
- Operational Unit of Anesthesia, Centro Veterinario Gregorio VII, 00165 Roma, Italy;
- Freelance, DG Vet Pain Therapy, 24124 Bergamo, Italy
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Toma W, Caillaud M, Patel NH, Tran TH, Donvito G, Roberts J, Bagdas D, Jackson A, Lichtman A, Gewirtz DA, Makriyannis A, Malamas MS, Imad Damaj M. N-acylethanolamine-hydrolysing acid amidase: A new potential target to treat paclitaxel-induced neuropathy. Eur J Pain 2021; 25:1367-1380. [PMID: 33675555 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although paclitaxel is an effective chemotherapeutic agent used to treat multiple types of cancer (e.g. breast, ovarian, neck and lung), it also elicits paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN), which represents a major dose-limiting side effect of this drug. METHODS As the endogenously produced N-acylethanolamine, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), reverses paclitaxel-induced mechanical hypersensitivity in mice, the main goals of this study were to examine if paclitaxel affects levels of endogenous PEA in the spinal cord of mice and whether exogenous administration of PEA provides protection from the occurrence of paclitaxel-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. We further examined whether inhibition of N-acylethanolamine-hydrolysing acid amidase (NAAA), a hydrolytic PEA enzyme, would offer protection in mouse model of PIPN. RESULTS Paclitaxel reduced PEA levels in the spinal cord, suggesting that dysregulation of this lipid signalling system may contribute to PIPN. Consistent with this idea, repeated administration of PEA partially prevented the paclitaxel-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. We next evaluated whether the selective NAAA inhibitor, AM9053, would prevent paclitaxel-induced mechanical hypersensitivity in mice. Acute administration of AM9053 dose-dependently reversed mechanical hypersensitivity through a PPAR-α mechanism, whereas repeated administration of AM9053 fully prevented the development of PIPN, without any evidence of tolerance. Moreover, AM9053 produced a conditioned place preference in paclitaxel-treated mice, but not in control mice. This pattern of findings suggests a lack of intrinsic rewarding effects, but a reduction in the pain aversiveness induced by paclitaxel. Finally, AM9053 did not alter paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity in lung tumour cells. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these studies suggest that NAAA represents a promising target to treat and prevent PIPN. SIGNIFICANCE The present study demonstrates that the chemotherapeutic paclitaxel alters PEA levels in the spinal cord, whereas repeated exogenous PEA administration moderately alleviates PIPN in mice. Additionally, targeting NAAA, PEA's hydrolysing enzyme with a selective compound AM9053 reverses and prevents the PIPN via the PPAR-α mechanism. Overall, the data suggest that selective NAAA inhibitors denote promising future therapeutics to mitigate and prevent PIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisam Toma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Martial Caillaud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Nipa H Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Tammy H Tran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Giulia Donvito
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jane Roberts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Deniz Bagdas
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Asti Jackson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aron Lichtman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - David A Gewirtz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael S Malamas
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Imad Damaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Translational Research Initiative for Pain and Neuropathy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Grabrijan K, Strašek N, Gobec S. Monocyclic beta-lactams for therapeutic uses: a patent overview (2010-2020). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 31:247-266. [PMID: 33327805 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1865919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Monocyclic beta-lactams are four-membered cyclic amides with various structural modifications of the nucleus that determine their chemical reactivity and target specificity. Their historical use is based on their antibacterial activity, but they have recently appeared in other areas as well. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the relevant patent development on monocyclic beta-lactams in various therapeutic areas over the last 10 years. The majority of patents describe compounds with antibacterial activity, while there are some recent patents describing the neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anticoagulant and antihyperlipidemic effects of 2-azetidinones. EXPERT OPINION Monocyclic beta-lactams can be considered safe and nontoxic drugs, as they have been used in the clinic for almost half of the century. Recently, monocyclic beta-lactams have been increasingly recognized for their non-antibiotic activity, which has led to some promising new clinical candidates in the field of neurodegenerative diseases and coagulation therapy. With regard to their antibacterial activity, there is still room for improvement of their activity and broadening of their spectrum of action, especially in Gram-positive bacteria and on drug-insensitive penicillin-binding proteins, and in increasing their beta-lactamase stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nika Strašek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) inhibition decreases the motivation for alcohol in Marchigian Sardinian alcohol-preferring rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:249-258. [PMID: 33037452 PMCID: PMC7796956 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05678-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) is an intracellular cysteine hydrolase that terminates the biological actions of oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), two endogenous lipid-derived agonists of the nuclear receptor, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α. OEA and PEA are important regulators of energy balance, pain, and inflammation, but recent evidence suggests that they might also contribute to the control of reward-related behaviors. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS In the present study, we investigated the effects of systemic and intracerebral NAAA inhibition in the two-bottle choice model of voluntary alcohol drinking and on operant alcohol self-administration. RESULTS Intraperitoneal injections of the systemically active NAAA inhibitor ARN19702 (3 and 10 mg/kg) lowered voluntary alcohol intake in a dose-dependent manner, achieving ≈ 47% reduction at the 10 mg/kg dose (p < 0.001). Water, food, or saccharin consumption was not affected by the inhibitor. Similarly, ARN19702 dose-dependently attenuated alcohol self-administration under both fixed ratio 1 (FR-1) and progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement. Furthermore, microinjection of ARN19702 (1, 3 and 10 μg/μl) or of two chemically different NAAA inhibitors, ARN077 and ARN726 (both at 3 and 10 μg/μl), into the midbrain ventral tegmental area produced dose-dependent decreases in alcohol self-administration under FR-1 schedule. Microinjection of ARN19702 into the nucleus accumbens had no such effect. CONCLUSION Collectively, the results point to NAAA as a possible molecular target for the treatment of alcohol use disorder.
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Synthesis, Molecular Modeling and Biological Evaluation of Metabolically Stable Analogues of the Endogenous Fatty Acid Amide Palmitoylethanolamide. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239074. [PMID: 33260658 PMCID: PMC7730713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) belongs to the class of N-acylethanolamine and is an endogenous lipid potentially useful in a wide range of therapeutic areas; products containing PEA are licensed for use in humans as a nutraceutical, a food supplement, or food for medical purposes for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties demonstrating efficacy and tolerability. However, the exogenously administered PEA is rapidly inactivated; in this process, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) plays a key role both in hepatic metabolism and in intracellular degradation. So, the aim of the present study was the design and synthesis of PEA analogues that are more resistant to FAAH-mediated hydrolysis. A small library of PEA analogues was designed and tested by molecular docking and density functional theory calculations to find the more stable analogue. The computational investigation identified RePEA as the best candidate in terms of both synthetic accessibility and metabolic stability to FAAH-mediated hydrolysis. The selected compound was synthesized and assayed ex vivo to monitor FAAH-mediated hydrolysis and to confirm its anti-inflammatory properties. 1H-NMR spectroscopy performed on membrane samples containing FAAH in integral membrane protein demonstrated that RePEA is not processed by FAAH, in contrast with PEA. Moreover, RePEA retains PEA’s ability to inhibit LPS-induced cytokine release in both murine N9 microglial cells and human PMA-THP-1 cells.
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Scalvini L, Ghidini A, Lodola A, Callegari D, Rivara S, Piomelli D, Mor M. N-Acylethanolamine Acid Amidase (NAAA): Mechanism of Palmitoylethanolamide Hydrolysis Revealed by Mechanistic Simulations. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Scalvini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle scienze 27/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Ghidini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle scienze 27/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Alessio Lodola
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle scienze 27/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Donatella Callegari
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle scienze 27/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Rivara
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle scienze 27/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4625, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4625, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4625, United States
| | - Marco Mor
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle scienze 27/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
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Xiu Y, Wang K, Chen J, Zhuo Z, Xiu Y. Liposomal N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase (NAAA) inhibitor F96 as a new therapy for colitis. RSC Adv 2020; 10:34197-34202. [PMID: 35519029 PMCID: PMC9056838 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05264g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous advances in the pathological mechanism of inflammatory bowel disease (IBDs), the ideal therapy is still missing. N-Acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase (NAAA), a cysteine hydrolase that deactivates fatty acid ethanolamides, has been recognized as a new therapeutic target for IBDs. Herein, we proposed liposomal F96, a selective and potent NAAA inhibitor, as a new therapy for IBDs. F96, with an IC50 of 270 nM for NAAA, was encapsulated into anionic liposome and the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice. The anionic liposomes showed significantly higher accumulation in the colon compared with the small intestine and cecum at 6 and 10 h after administration in DSS induced colitis mice. DSS induction significantly increased myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities and shortened the colon length, while free F96 significantly lowered tissue MPO activity and restored the colon length. Anionic liposome encapsulation significantly enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of F96, as liposomal F96 resulted in lower MPO activity and better colon length restoration effects compared with those treated with free F96. This study offers a new treatment option for colitis, which may pave the way for new therapies for other IBDs. Liposomal NAAA inhibitor F96 exhibits potent therapeutic activities against colitis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyan Xiu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Respiration, Xiamen Branch of Children's Hospital of Fudan University (Xiamen Children's Hospital) 361006 China
| | - Kaizhen Wang
- Xiamen Huli District Maternity and Child Care Hospital 361006 China
| | - Jingfang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Respiration, Xiamen Branch of Children's Hospital of Fudan University (Xiamen Children's Hospital) 361006 China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhuo
- Xiamen Huli District Maternity and Child Care Hospital 361006 China .,Department of Infection, Xiamen Branch of Children's Hospital of Fudan University (Xiamen Children's Hospital) 361006 China
| | - Yanghui Xiu
- Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center Xiamen Fujian 361006 China .,Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361006 China
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