1
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Rudd MT, Manley PJ, Hanney B, Meng Z, Shu Y, de Leon P, Frie JL, Han Y, Wai JMC, Yang ZQ, Perkins JJ, Hurzy DM, Manikowski JJ, Zhu H, Bungard CJ, Converso A, Meissner RS, Cosden ML, Hayashi I, Ma L, O’Brien J, Uebele VN, Schachter JB, Bhandari N, Ward GJ, Fillgrove KL, Lu B, Liang Y, Dubost DC, Puri V, Eddins DM, Vardigan JD, Drolet RE, Kern JT, Uslaner JM. Discovery of MK-8768, a Potent and Selective mGluR2 Negative Allosteric Modulator. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1088-1094. [PMID: 37583812 PMCID: PMC10424309 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate plays a key role in cognition and mood, and it has been shown that inhibiting ionotropic glutamate receptors disrupts cognition, while enhancing ionotropic receptor activity is pro-cognitive. One approach to elevating glutamatergic tone has been to antagonize presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2). A desire for selectivity over the largely homologous mGluR3 motivated a strategy to achieve selectivity through the identification of mGluR2 negative allosteric modulators (NAMs). Extensive screening and optimization efforts led to the identification of a novel series of 4-arylquinoline-2-carboxamides. This series was optimized for mGluR2 NAM potency, clean off-target activity, and desirable physical properties, which resulted in the identification of improved C4 and C7 substituents. The initial lead compound from this series was Ames-positive in a single strain with metabolic activation, indicating that a reactive metabolite was likely responsible for the genetic toxicity. Metabolic profiling and Ames assessment across multiple analogs identified key structure-activity relationships associated with Ames positivity. Further optimization led to the Ames-negative mGluR2 negative allosteric modulator MK-8768.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Rudd
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Neuroscience Biology Discovery, Pharmacology, Nonclinical Dug
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Peter J. Manley
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Neuroscience Biology Discovery, Pharmacology, Nonclinical Dug
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Barbara Hanney
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Neuroscience Biology Discovery, Pharmacology, Nonclinical Dug
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Zhaoyang Meng
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Neuroscience Biology Discovery, Pharmacology, Nonclinical Dug
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Youheng Shu
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Neuroscience Biology Discovery, Pharmacology, Nonclinical Dug
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Pablo de Leon
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Neuroscience Biology Discovery, Pharmacology, Nonclinical Dug
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Jessica L. Frie
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Neuroscience Biology Discovery, Pharmacology, Nonclinical Dug
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Yongxin Han
- External
Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jenny Miu-Chun Wai
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Neuroscience Biology Discovery, Pharmacology, Nonclinical Dug
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Zhi-Qiang Yang
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Neuroscience Biology Discovery, Pharmacology, Nonclinical Dug
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - James J. Perkins
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Neuroscience Biology Discovery, Pharmacology, Nonclinical Dug
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Danielle M. Hurzy
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Neuroscience Biology Discovery, Pharmacology, Nonclinical Dug
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Jesse J. Manikowski
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Neuroscience Biology Discovery, Pharmacology, Nonclinical Dug
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Hong Zhu
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Neuroscience Biology Discovery, Pharmacology, Nonclinical Dug
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Christopher J. Bungard
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Neuroscience Biology Discovery, Pharmacology, Nonclinical Dug
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Antonella Converso
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Neuroscience Biology Discovery, Pharmacology, Nonclinical Dug
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Robert S. Meissner
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Neuroscience Biology Discovery, Pharmacology, Nonclinical Dug
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Mali L. Cosden
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Neuroscience Biology Discovery, Pharmacology, Nonclinical Dug
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Ikuo Hayashi
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Neuroscience Biology Discovery, Pharmacology, Nonclinical Dug
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Lei Ma
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Neuroscience Biology Discovery, Pharmacology, Nonclinical Dug
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Julie O’Brien
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Neuroscience Biology Discovery, Pharmacology, Nonclinical Dug
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Victor N. Uebele
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Neuroscience Biology Discovery, Pharmacology, Nonclinical Dug
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Joel B. Schachter
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Neuroscience Biology Discovery, Pharmacology, Nonclinical Dug
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Neetesh Bhandari
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Neuroscience Biology Discovery, Pharmacology, Nonclinical Dug
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Gwendolyn J. Ward
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Neuroscience Biology Discovery, Pharmacology, Nonclinical Dug
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Kerry L. Fillgrove
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Neuroscience Biology Discovery, Pharmacology, Nonclinical Dug
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Bing Lu
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Neuroscience Biology Discovery, Pharmacology, Nonclinical Dug
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Yuexia Liang
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Neuroscience Biology Discovery, Pharmacology, Nonclinical Dug
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - David C. Dubost
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Neuroscience Biology Discovery, Pharmacology, Nonclinical Dug
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Vanita Puri
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Neuroscience Biology Discovery, Pharmacology, Nonclinical Dug
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Donnie M. Eddins
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Neuroscience Biology Discovery, Pharmacology, Nonclinical Dug
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Joshua D. Vardigan
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Neuroscience Biology Discovery, Pharmacology, Nonclinical Dug
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Robert E. Drolet
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Neuroscience Biology Discovery, Pharmacology, Nonclinical Dug
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Jonathan T. Kern
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Neuroscience Biology Discovery, Pharmacology, Nonclinical Dug
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Jason M. Uslaner
- Departments
of Discovery Chemistry, Neuroscience Biology Discovery, Pharmacology, Nonclinical Dug
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, and In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
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The role of thalamic group II mGlu receptors in health and disease. Neuronal Signal 2022; 6:NS20210058. [PMID: 36561092 PMCID: PMC9760452 DOI: 10.1042/ns20210058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The thalamus plays a pivotal role in the integration and processing of sensory, motor, and cognitive information. It is therefore important to understand how the thalamus operates in states of both health and disease. In the present review, we discuss the function of the Group II metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors within thalamic circuitry, and how they may represent therapeutic targets in treating disease states associated with thalamic dysfunction.
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Li SH, Abd-Elrahman KS, Ferguson SS. Targeting mGluR2/3 for treatment of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 239:108275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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4
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Yuan G, Dhaynaut M, Lan Y, Guehl NJ, Huynh D, Iyengar SM, Afshar S, Jain MK, Pickett JE, Kang HJ, Wang H, Moon SH, Ondrechen MJ, Wang C, Shoup TM, El Fakhri G, Normandin MD, Brownell AL. Synthesis and Characterization of 5-(2-Fluoro-4-[ 11C]methoxyphenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2 H-pyrano[2,3- b]pyridine-7-carboxamide as a PET Imaging Ligand for Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 2. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2593-2609. [PMID: 35089713 PMCID: PMC9434702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2) is a therapeutic target for several neuropsychiatric disorders. An mGluR2 function in etiology could be unveiled by positron emission tomography (PET). In this regard, 5-(2-fluoro-4-[11C]methoxyphenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-b]pyridine-7-carboxamide ([11C]13, [11C]mG2N001), a potent negative allosteric modulator (NAM), was developed to support this endeavor. [11C]13 was synthesized via the O-[11C]methylation of phenol 24 with a high molar activity of 212 ± 76 GBq/μmol (n = 5) and excellent radiochemical purity (>99%). PET imaging of [11C]13 in rats demonstrated its superior brain heterogeneity and reduced accumulation with pretreatment of mGluR2 NAMs, VU6001966 (9) and MNI-137 (26), the extent of which revealed a time-dependent drug effect of the blocking agents. In a nonhuman primate, [11C]13 selectively accumulated in mGluR2-rich regions and resulted in high-contrast brain images. Therefore, [11C]13 is a potential candidate for translational PET imaging of the mGluR2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengyang Yuan
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 3rd Avenue, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Maeva Dhaynaut
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 3rd Avenue, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Yu Lan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Nicolas J Guehl
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 3rd Avenue, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Dalena Huynh
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 3rd Avenue, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Suhasini M Iyengar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Sepideh Afshar
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 3rd Avenue, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Manish Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Julie E Pickett
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Hye Jin Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Hao Wang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Sung-Hyun Moon
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 3rd Avenue, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Mary Jo Ondrechen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Changning Wang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Timothy M Shoup
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 3rd Avenue, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Georges El Fakhri
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 3rd Avenue, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Marc D Normandin
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 3rd Avenue, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Anna-Liisa Brownell
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 3rd Avenue, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
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5
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Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the group II metabotropic glutamate receptors: Design, synthesis, and evaluation as ex-vivo tool compounds. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 50:128342. [PMID: 34461178 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This letter describes synthesis and evaluation of two series of dual mGlu2/mGlu3 positive allosteric modulators with moderate mGlu3 potency and robust mGlu2 potency in thallium flux assays. These compounds were profiled their ability to modulate mGlu3-mediated signaling in central neurons by co-application of a selective mGlu2 NAM to isolate mGlu3-selective effects. Using acute mouse brain slices from the prefrontal cortex, potentiation of group II mGlu receptor agonist Ca2+ signaling in PFC pyramidal cells with either the dual mGlu2/mGlu3 PAM 16e or 23d demonstrated effects mediated selectively via mGlu3.
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6
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Targeting metabotropic glutamate receptors for the treatment of depression and other stress-related disorders. Neuropharmacology 2021; 196:108687. [PMID: 34175327 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of robust antidepressant effects of ketamine in refractory patients has led to increasing focus on agents targeting glutamatergic signaling as potential novel antidepressant strategy. Among the agents targeting the glutamatergic system, compounds acting at metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are among the most promising agents under studies for depressive disorders. Further, the receptor diversity, distinct distribution in the CNS, and ability to modulate the glutamatergic neurotransmission in the brain areas implicated in mood disorders make them an exciting target for stress-related disorders. In preclinical models, antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of mGlu5 negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) have been reported. Interestingly, mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists show fast and sustained antidepressant-like effects similar to that of ketamine in rodents. Excitingly, they can also induce antidepressant effects in the animal models of treatment-resistant depression and are devoid of the side-effects associated with ketamine. Unfortunately, clinical trials of both mGlu5 and mGlu2/3 receptor NAMs have been inconclusive, and additional trials using other compounds with suitable preclinical and clinical properties are needed. Although group III mGlu receptors have gained less attention, mGlu7 receptor ligands have been shown to induce antidepressant-like effects in rodents. Collectively, compounds targeting mGlu receptors provide an alternative approach to fill the outstanding clinical need for safer and more efficacious antidepressants. This article is part of the special Issue on "Glutamate Receptors - mGluRs".
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Qunies AM, Emmitte KA. Negative allosteric modulators of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors: A patent review (2015 - present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 31:687-708. [PMID: 33719801 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1903431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Group II metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors have emerged as an attractive potential target for the development of novel CNS therapeutics in areas such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), anxiety, cognitive disorders, depression, and others. Several small molecules that act as negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) on these receptors have demonstrated efficacy and/or target engagement in animal models, and one molecule (decoglurant) has been advanced into clinical trials. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes patent applications published between January 2015 and November 2020. It is divided into three sections: (1) small molecule nonselective mGlu2/3 NAMs, (2) small molecule selective mGlu2 NAMs, and (3) small molecule selective mGlu3 NAMs. EXPERT OPINION Much progress has been made in the discovery of novel small molecule mGlu2 NAMs. Still, chemical diversity remains somewhat limited and room for expansion remains. Progress with mGlu3 NAMs has been more limited; however, some promising molecules have been disclosed. The process of elucidating the precise role of each receptor in the diseases associated with group II receptors has begun. Continued studies in animals with selective NAMs for both receptors will be critical in the coming years to inform researchers on the right compound profile and patient population for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alshaima'a M Qunies
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Kyle A Emmitte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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8
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Fang JW, Liao FJ, Qian Y, Dong CC, Xu LJ, Gong HY. One-Pot Synthesis of 3-Substituted 4 H-Quinolizin-4-ones via Alkyne Substrate Control Strategy. J Org Chem 2021; 86:3648-3655. [PMID: 33372518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Three-substituted 4H-quinolizin-4-ones were obtained via a facile method with good selectivity and high efficiency. On the basis of alkyne substrate control, the mild and cost-efficient reaction has a broad substrate scope (20 examples, up to 93% yield) and is also easy to scale up. Active sites on the products allow for further modifications. The alkyne substrate control strategy could be further extended to achieve more complex three-substituted 4H-quinolizin-4-one skeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Wang Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Zhonggancun Street 59, Beijing 100872, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwaidajie 19, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Fang-Jie Liao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwaidajie 19, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Yang Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Zhonggancun Street 59, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Chao-Chen Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Zhonggancun Street 59, Beijing 100872, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwaidajie 19, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
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9
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Gregory KJ, Goudet C. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CXI. Pharmacology, Signaling, and Physiology of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 73:521-569. [PMID: 33361406 DOI: 10.1124/pr.119.019133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors respond to glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain, mediating a modulatory role that is critical for higher-order brain functions such as learning and memory. Since the first mGlu receptor was cloned in 1992, eight subtypes have been identified along with many isoforms and splice variants. The mGlu receptors are transmembrane-spanning proteins belonging to the class C G protein-coupled receptor family and represent attractive targets for a multitude of central nervous system disorders. Concerted drug discovery efforts over the past three decades have yielded a wealth of pharmacological tools including subtype-selective agents that competitively block or mimic the actions of glutamate or act allosterically via distinct sites to enhance or inhibit receptor activity. Herein, we review the physiologic and pathophysiological roles for individual mGlu receptor subtypes including the pleiotropic nature of intracellular signal transduction arising from each. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties of prototypical and commercially available orthosteric agonists and antagonists as well as allosteric modulators, including ligands that have entered clinical trials. Finally, we highlight emerging areas of research that hold promise to facilitate rational design of highly selective mGlu receptor-targeting therapeutics in the future. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The metabotropic glutamate receptors are attractive therapeutic targets for a range of psychiatric and neurological disorders. Over the past three decades, intense discovery efforts have yielded diverse pharmacological tools acting either competitively or allosterically, which have enabled dissection of fundamental biological process modulated by metabotropic glutamate receptors and established proof of concept for many therapeutic indications. We review metabotropic glutamate receptor molecular pharmacology and highlight emerging areas that are offering new avenues to selectively modulate neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Gregory
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.) and Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), Montpellier, France (C.G.)
| | - Cyril Goudet
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.) and Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), Montpellier, France (C.G.)
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10
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Yamasaki T, Zhang X, Kumata K, Zhang Y, Deng X, Fujinaga M, Chen Z, Mori W, Hu K, Wakizaka H, Hatori A, Xie L, Ogawa M, Nengaki N, Van R, Shao Y, Sheffler DJ, Cosford NDP, Liang SH, Zhang MR. Identification and Development of a New Positron Emission Tomography Ligand 4-(2-Fluoro-4-[ 11C]methoxyphenyl)-5-((1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-3-yl)methoxy)picolinamide for Imaging Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 2 (mGlu 2). J Med Chem 2020; 63:11469-11483. [PMID: 32960052 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGlu2) is a known target for treating several central nervous system (CNS) disorders. To develop a viable positron emission tomography (PET) ligand for mGlu2, we identified new candidates 5a-i that are potent negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) of mGlu2. Among these candidates, 4-(2-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-((1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methoxy)picolinamide (5i, also named as [11C]MG2-1812) exhibited high potency, high subtype selectivity, and favorable lipophilicity. Compound 5i was labeled with positron-emitting carbon-11 (11C) to obtain [11C]5i in high radiochemical yield and high molar activity by O-[11C]methylation of the phenol precursor 12 with [11C]CH3I. In vitro autoradiography with [11C]5i showed heterogeneous radioactive accumulation in the brain tissue sections, ranked in the order: cortex > striatum > hippocampus > cerebellum ≫ thalamus > pons. PET study of [11C]5i indicated in vivo specific binding of mGlu2 in the rat brain. Based on the [11C]5i scaffold, further optimization for new candidates is underway to identify a more suitable ligand for imaging mGlu2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoteru Yamasaki
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Katsushi Kumata
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yiding Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Xiaoyun Deng
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Masayuki Fujinaga
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Zhen Chen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Wakana Mori
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kuan Hu
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Hidekatsu Wakizaka
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Akiko Hatori
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masanao Ogawa
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.,SHI Accelerator Service, Ltd., 1-17-6 Osaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0032, Japan
| | - Nobuki Nengaki
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.,SHI Accelerator Service, Ltd., 1-17-6 Osaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0032, Japan
| | - Richard Van
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Yihan Shao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Douglas J Sheffler
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program and Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Nicholas D P Cosford
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program and Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Steven H Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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11
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12
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Discovery of 4-arylquinoline-2-carboxamides, highly potent and selective class of mGluR2 negative allosteric modulators: From HTS to activity in animal models. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127066. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Degorce SL, Bodnarchuk MS, Scott JS. Lowering Lipophilicity by Adding Carbon: AzaSpiroHeptanes, a log D Lowering Twist. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1198-1204. [PMID: 31417667 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have conducted an analysis of azaspiro[3.3]heptanes used as replacements for morpholines, piperidines, and piperazines in a medicinal chemistry context. In most cases, introducing a spirocyclic center lowered the measured logD 7.4 of the corresponding molecules by as much as -1.0 relative to the more usual heterocycle. This may seem counterintuitive, as the net change in the molecule is the addition of a single carbon atom, but it may be rationalized in terms of increased basicity. An exception to this was found with N-linked 2-azaspiro[3.3]heptane, where logD 7.4 increased by as much as +0.5, consistent with the addition of carbon. During our investigation, we also concluded that azaspiro[3.3]heptanes are most likely not suitable bioisosteres for morpholines, piperidines, and piperazines, when not used as terminal groups, due to significant changes in their geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien L. Degorce
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S. Bodnarchuk
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - James S. Scott
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
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14
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Grygorenko OO, Melnykov KP. Saturated spirocyclic nitrogen-containing heterocycles with gem-difluorocycloalkane moieties (microreview). Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-019-02521-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Batalha PN, Forezi LDSM, Freitas MCR, Tolentino NMDC, Orestes E, Carneiro JWDM, Boechat FDCS, de Souza MCBV. Study on the regioselectivity of the N-ethylation reaction of N-benzyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:388-400. [PMID: 30873225 PMCID: PMC6404479 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
4-Oxoquinolines are a class of organic substances of great importance in medicinal chemistry, due to their biological and synthetic versatility. N-1-Alkylated-4-oxoquinoline derivatives have been associated with different pharmacological activities such as antibacterial and antiviral. The presence of a carboxamide unit connected to carbon C-3 of the 4-oxoquinoline core has been associated with various biological activities. Experimentally, the N-ethylation reaction of N-benzyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide occurs at the nitrogen of the oxoquinoline group, in a regiosselective way. In this work, we employed DFT methods to investigate the regiosselective ethylation reaction of N-benzyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide, evaluating its acid/base behavior and possible reaction paths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro N Batalha
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, 24020-150, Brazil
| | - Luana da S M Forezi
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, 24020-150, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara R Freitas
- Instituto de Física, LDRX-UFF, Universidade Federal Fluminense Niterói, 24210-347, Brazil
- Departamento de Química, Pavilhão de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Seropédica, RJ, 23890-000, Brazil
| | | | - Ednilsom Orestes
- Escola de Engenharia Industrial Metalúrgica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Volta Redonda, 27255-125, Brazil
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16
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Silva VLM, Silva AMS. Palladium-Catalysed Synthesis and Transformation of Quinolones. Molecules 2019; 24:E228. [PMID: 30634524 PMCID: PMC6359680 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Palladium-catalysed reactions have had a large impact on synthetic organic chemistry and have found many applications in target-oriented synthesis. Their widespread use in organic synthesis is due to the mild conditions associated with the reactions together with their tolerance of a wide range of functional groups. Moreover, these types of reactions allow the rapid construction of complex molecules through multiple bond-forming reactions in a single step, the so-called tandem processes. Pd-catalysed reactions have been applied to the synthesis of a large number of natural products and bioactive compounds, some of them of complex molecular structures. This review article aims to present an overview of the most important Pd-catalysed reactions employed in the synthesis and transformations of quinolin-2(1H)-ones and quinolin-4(1H)-ones. These compounds are widely recognized by their diverse bioactivity, being privileged structures in medicinal chemistry and useful structural moieties for the development of new drug candidates. Furthermore, they hold significant interest due to their host⁻guest chemistry; applications in chemical, biochemical and environmental analyses and use in the development of new synthetic methods. In some cases, the quinolone formation step cannot be ascribed to a claimed Pd-catalysed reaction but this reaction is crucial to get the appropriate substrate for cyclization into the quinolone. Herein we present and discuss different economical, efficient and selective synthetic strategies to access quinolone-type compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera L M Silva
- Department of Chemistry QOPNA and LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Artur M S Silva
- Department of Chemistry QOPNA and LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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17
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Kumata K, Hatori A, Yamasaki T, Zhang Y, Mori W, Fujinaga M, Xie L, Nengaki N, Zhang MR. Synthesis and evaluation of 4-(2-fluoro-4-[ 11C]methoxyphenyl)-5-((2-methylpyridin-4-yl)methoxy)picolinamide for PET imaging of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 in the rat brain. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 27:483-491. [PMID: 30611634 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2) has been suggested as a therapeutic target for treating schizophrenia-like symptoms arising from increased glutamate transmission in the human forebrain. However, no reliable positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer allowing for in vivo visualization of mGluR2 in the human brain is currently available. In this study, we synthesized 4-(2-fluoro-4-[11C]methoxyphenyl)-5-((2-methylpyridin-4-yl)methoxy)picolinamide ([11C]1) and evaluated its potential as a PET tracer for imaging mGluR2 in the rodent brain. Compound 1, a negative allosteric modulator (NAM) of mGluR2, showed high in vitro binding affinity (IC50: 26 nM) for mGluR2 overexpressed in human cells. [11C]1 was synthesized by O-[11C]methylation of the phenol precursor 2 with [11C]methyl iodide. After the reaction, HPLC purification and formulation, [11C]1 of 7.4 ± 2.8 GBq (n = 8) was obtained from [11C]carbon dioxide of 22.5 ± 4.8 GBq (n = 8) with >99% radiochemical purity and 70 ± 32 GBq/μmol (n = 8) molar activity at the end of synthesis. In vitro autoradiography for rat brains showed that [11C]1 binding was heterogeneously distributed in the cerebral cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and cerebellum. This pattern is consistent with the regional distribution pattern of mGluR2 in the rodent brain. The radioactivity was significantly reduced by self- or MNI-137 (a mGluR2 NAM) blocking. Small-animal PET studies indicated a low in vivo specific binding of [11C]1 in the rat brain. The brain uptake was increased in a P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistant protein double knockout mouse, when compared to a wild-type mouse. While [11C]1 presented limited potential as an in vivo PET tracer for mGluR2, we suggested that it can be used as a lead compound for developing new radiotracers with improved in vivo brain properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsushi Kumata
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Akiko Hatori
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoteru Yamasaki
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yiding Zhang
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Wakana Mori
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujinaga
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Nobuki Nengaki
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; SHI Accelerator Services Co., 1-17-6 Osaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0032, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
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18
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Childress ES, Wieting JM, Felts AS, Breiner MM, Long MF, Luscombe VB, Rodriguez AL, Cho HP, Blobaum AL, Niswender CM, Emmitte KA, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW. Discovery of Novel Central Nervous System Penetrant Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 2 (mGlu 2) Negative Allosteric Modulators (NAMs) Based on Functionalized Pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide and Thieno[3,2- b]pyridine-5-carboxamide Cores. J Med Chem 2018; 62:378-384. [PMID: 30350962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A scaffold hopping exercise from a monocyclic mGlu2 NAM with poor rodent PK led to two novel heterobicyclic series of mGlu2 NAMs based on either a functionalized pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide core or a thieno[3,2- b]pyridine-5-carboxamide core. These novel analogues possess enhanced rodent PK, while also maintaining good mGlu2 NAM potency, selectivity (versus mGlu3 and the remaining six mGlu receptors), and high CNS penetration. Interestingly, SAR was divergent between the new 5,6-heterobicyclic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Colleen M Niswender
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville , Tennessee 37232 , United States
| | | | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville , Tennessee 37232 , United States
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19
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O'Brien DE, Shaw DM, Cho HP, Cross AJ, Wesolowski SS, Felts AS, Bergare J, Elmore CS, Lindsley CW, Niswender CM, Conn PJ. Differential Pharmacology and Binding of mGlu 2 Receptor Allosteric Modulators. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 93:526-540. [PMID: 29545267 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.110114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Allosteric modulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGlu2) has demonstrated efficacy in preclinical rodent models of several brain disorders, leading to industry and academic drug discovery efforts. Although the pharmacology and binding sites of some mGlu2 allosteric modulators have been characterized previously, questions remain about the nature of the allosteric mechanism of cooperativity with glutamate and whether structurally diverse allosteric modulators bind in an identical manner to specific allosteric sites. To further investigate the in vitro pharmacology of mGlu2 allosteric modulators, we developed and characterized a novel mGlu2 positive allosteric modulator (PAM) radioligand in parallel with functional studies of a structurally diverse set of mGlu2 PAMs and negative allosteric modulators (NAMs). Using an operational model of allosterism to analyze the functional data, we found that PAMs affect both the affinity and efficacy of glutamate at mGlu2, whereas NAMs predominantly affect the efficacy of glutamate in our assay system. More importantly, we found that binding of a novel mGlu2 PAM radioligand was inhibited by multiple structurally diverse PAMs and NAMs, indicating that they may bind to the mGlu2 allosteric site labeled with the novel mGlu2 PAM radioligand; however, further studies suggested that these allosteric modulators do not all interact with the radioligand in an identical manner. Together, these findings provide new insights into the binding sites and modes of efficacy of different structurally and functionally distinct mGlu2 allosteric modulators and suggest that different ligands either interact with distinct sites or adapt different binding poses to shared allosteric site(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E O'Brien
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (D.E.O., D.M.S., H.P.C., A.S.F., C.W.L, C.M.N., P.J.C.), Vanderbilt Brain Institute (P.J.C.), and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center (C.M.N., P.J.C.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; AstraZeneca Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, Massachusetts (A.J.C., S.S.W.); and AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden (J.B., C.S.E.)
| | - Douglas M Shaw
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (D.E.O., D.M.S., H.P.C., A.S.F., C.W.L, C.M.N., P.J.C.), Vanderbilt Brain Institute (P.J.C.), and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center (C.M.N., P.J.C.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; AstraZeneca Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, Massachusetts (A.J.C., S.S.W.); and AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden (J.B., C.S.E.)
| | - Hyekyung P Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (D.E.O., D.M.S., H.P.C., A.S.F., C.W.L, C.M.N., P.J.C.), Vanderbilt Brain Institute (P.J.C.), and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center (C.M.N., P.J.C.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; AstraZeneca Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, Massachusetts (A.J.C., S.S.W.); and AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden (J.B., C.S.E.)
| | - Alan J Cross
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (D.E.O., D.M.S., H.P.C., A.S.F., C.W.L, C.M.N., P.J.C.), Vanderbilt Brain Institute (P.J.C.), and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center (C.M.N., P.J.C.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; AstraZeneca Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, Massachusetts (A.J.C., S.S.W.); and AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden (J.B., C.S.E.)
| | - Steven S Wesolowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (D.E.O., D.M.S., H.P.C., A.S.F., C.W.L, C.M.N., P.J.C.), Vanderbilt Brain Institute (P.J.C.), and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center (C.M.N., P.J.C.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; AstraZeneca Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, Massachusetts (A.J.C., S.S.W.); and AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden (J.B., C.S.E.)
| | - Andrew S Felts
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (D.E.O., D.M.S., H.P.C., A.S.F., C.W.L, C.M.N., P.J.C.), Vanderbilt Brain Institute (P.J.C.), and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center (C.M.N., P.J.C.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; AstraZeneca Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, Massachusetts (A.J.C., S.S.W.); and AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden (J.B., C.S.E.)
| | - Jonas Bergare
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (D.E.O., D.M.S., H.P.C., A.S.F., C.W.L, C.M.N., P.J.C.), Vanderbilt Brain Institute (P.J.C.), and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center (C.M.N., P.J.C.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; AstraZeneca Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, Massachusetts (A.J.C., S.S.W.); and AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden (J.B., C.S.E.)
| | - Charles S Elmore
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (D.E.O., D.M.S., H.P.C., A.S.F., C.W.L, C.M.N., P.J.C.), Vanderbilt Brain Institute (P.J.C.), and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center (C.M.N., P.J.C.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; AstraZeneca Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, Massachusetts (A.J.C., S.S.W.); and AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden (J.B., C.S.E.)
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (D.E.O., D.M.S., H.P.C., A.S.F., C.W.L, C.M.N., P.J.C.), Vanderbilt Brain Institute (P.J.C.), and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center (C.M.N., P.J.C.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; AstraZeneca Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, Massachusetts (A.J.C., S.S.W.); and AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden (J.B., C.S.E.)
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (D.E.O., D.M.S., H.P.C., A.S.F., C.W.L, C.M.N., P.J.C.), Vanderbilt Brain Institute (P.J.C.), and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center (C.M.N., P.J.C.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; AstraZeneca Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, Massachusetts (A.J.C., S.S.W.); and AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden (J.B., C.S.E.)
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (D.E.O., D.M.S., H.P.C., A.S.F., C.W.L, C.M.N., P.J.C.), Vanderbilt Brain Institute (P.J.C.), and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center (C.M.N., P.J.C.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; AstraZeneca Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, Massachusetts (A.J.C., S.S.W.); and AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden (J.B., C.S.E.)
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20
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Zhang X, Kumata K, Yamasaki T, Cheng R, Hatori A, Ma L, Zhang Y, Xie L, Wang L, Kang HJ, Sheffler DJ, Cosford NDP, Zhang MR, Liang SH. Synthesis and Preliminary Studies of a Novel Negative Allosteric Modulator, 7-((2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl)-4-(2-fluoro-4-[ 11C]methoxyphenyl) quinoline-2-carboxamide, for Imaging of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 2. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:1937-1948. [PMID: 28565908 PMCID: PMC5607115 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate 2 receptors (mGlu2) are involved in the pathogenesis of several CNS disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacological modulation of this target represents a potential disease-modifying approach for the treatment of substance abuse, depression, schizophrenia, and dementias. While quantification of mGlu2 receptors in the living brain by positron emission tomography (PET) would help us better understand signaling pathways relevant to these conditions, few successful examples have been demonstrated to image mGlu2 in vivo, and a suitable PET tracer is yet to be identified. Herein we report the design and synthesis of a radiolabeled negative allosteric modulator (NAM) for mGlu2 PET tracer development based on a quinoline 2-carboxamide scaffold. The most promising candidate, 7-((2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl)-4-(2-fluoro-4-[11C]methoxyphenyl) quinoline-2-carboxamide ([11C]QCA) was prepared in 13% radiochemical yield (non-decay-corrected at the end of synthesis) with >99% radiochemical purity and >74 GBq/μmol (2 Ci/μmol) specific activity. While the tracer showed limited brain uptake (0.3 SUV), probably attributable to effects on PgP/Bcrp efflux pump, in vitro autoradiography studies demonstrated heterogeneous brain distribution and specific binding. Thus, [11C]QCA is a chemical probe that provides the basis for the development of a new generation mGlu2 PET tracers.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/deficiency
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/genetics
- Adhesins, Escherichia coli
- Allosteric Regulation
- Animals
- Autoradiography
- Brain/diagnostic imaging
- Brain/metabolism
- Drug Design
- Humans
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Male
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Microsomes, Liver/drug effects
- Microsomes, Liver/metabolism
- Molecular Structure
- Positron-Emission Tomography
- Preliminary Data
- Pyrrolidines/chemistry
- Quinolines/chemistry
- Radiopharmaceuticals/chemical synthesis
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/metabolism
- Tissue Distribution
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhang
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai Unviersity, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Katsushi Kumata
- Department of Radiopharmaceutics Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoteru Yamasaki
- Department of Radiopharmaceutics Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ran Cheng
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Akiko Hatori
- Department of Radiopharmaceutics Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Longle Ma
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yiding Zhang
- Department of Radiopharmaceutics Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Radiopharmaceutics Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Lu Wang
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Hye Jin Kang
- Department of Pharmacology & National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27515, USA
| | - Douglas J. Sheffler
- Cell Death and Survival Networks Program and Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Nicholas D. P. Cosford
- Cell Death and Survival Networks Program and Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Radiopharmaceutics Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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21
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Bollinger KA, Felts AS, Brassard CJ, Engers JL, Rodriguez AL, Weiner RL, Cho HP, Chang S, Bubser M, Jones CK, Blobaum AL, Niswender CM, Conn PJ, Emmitte KA, Lindsley CW. Design and Synthesis of mGlu 2 NAMs with Improved Potency and CNS Penetration Based on a Truncated Picolinamide Core. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:919-924. [PMID: 28947937 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we detail the optimization of the mGlu2 negative allosteric modulator (NAM), VU6001192, by a reductionist approach to afford a novel, simplified mGlu2 NAM scaffold. This new chemotype not only affords potent and selective mGlu2 inhibition, as exemplified by VU6001966 (mGlu2 IC50 = 78 nM, mGlu3 IC50 > 30 μM), but also excellent central nervous system (CNS) penetration (Kp = 1.9, Kp,uu = 0.78), a feature devoid in all previously disclosed mGlu2 NAMs (Kps ≈ 0.3, Kp,uus ≈ 0.1). Moreover, this series, based on overall properties, represents an exciting lead series for potential mGlu2 PET tracer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina A. Bollinger
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Andrew S. Felts
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Christopher J. Brassard
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Julie L. Engers
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Alice L. Rodriguez
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Rebecca L. Weiner
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Hyekyung P. Cho
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Sichen Chang
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Michael Bubser
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Carrie K. Jones
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Anna L. Blobaum
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Colleen M. Niswender
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - P. Jeffrey Conn
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Kyle A. Emmitte
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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22
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Engers JL, Bollinger KA, Weiner RL, Rodriguez AL, Long MF, Breiner MM, Chang S, Bollinger SR, Bubser M, Jones CK, Morrison RD, Bridges TM, Blobaum AL, Niswender CM, Conn PJ, Emmitte KA, Lindsley CW. Design and Synthesis of N-Aryl Phenoxyethoxy Pyridinones as Highly Selective and CNS Penetrant mGlu 3 NAMs. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:925-930. [PMID: 28947938 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we detail the optimization of the mGlu3 NAM, VU0650786, via a reductionist approach to afford a novel, simplified mGlu3 NAM scaffold that engenders potent and selective mGlu3 inhibition (mGlu3 IC50 = 245 nM, mGlu2 IC50 > 30 μM) with excellent central nervous system penetration (rat brain/plasma Kp = 1.2, Kp,uu = 0.40). Moreover, this new chemotype, exemplified by VU6010572, requires only four synthetic steps and displays improved physiochemical properties and in vivo efficacy in a mouse tail suspension test (MED = 3 mg/kg i.p.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie L. Engers
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Katrina A. Bollinger
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Rebecca L. Weiner
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Alice L. Rodriguez
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Madeline F. Long
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Megan M. Breiner
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Sichen Chang
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Sean R. Bollinger
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Michael Bubser
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Carrie K. Jones
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Ryan D. Morrison
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Thomas M. Bridges
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Anna L. Blobaum
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Colleen M. Niswender
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - P. Jeffrey Conn
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Kyle A. Emmitte
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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23
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Van Gool M, Alonso De Diego SA, Delgado O, Trabanco AA, Jourdan F, Macdonald GJ, Somers M, Ver Donck L. 1,3,5-Trisubstituted Pyrazoles as Potent Negative Allosteric Modulators of the mGlu2/3Receptors. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:905-912. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Van Gool
- Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development; Jarama 75A 45007 Toledo Spain
| | | | - Oscar Delgado
- Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development; Jarama 75A 45007 Toledo Spain
| | - Andrés A. Trabanco
- Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development; Jarama 75A 45007 Toledo Spain
| | | | - Gregor J. Macdonald
- Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development; Turnhoutseweg 30 2340 Beerse Belgium
| | - Marijke Somers
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development; Turnhoutseweg 30 2340 Beerse Belgium
| | - Luc Ver Donck
- Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development; Turnhoutseweg 30 2340 Beerse Belgium
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24
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Jin C, Ma S. Recent advances in the medicinal chemistry of group II and group III mGlu receptors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:501-515. [PMID: 30108768 PMCID: PMC6072351 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00612d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu receptors) belong to the G-protein-coupled receptors superfamily. They are divided into three groups, in which group II and group III belong to presynaptic receptors that negatively modulate glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release when activated. In this review, we introduce not only the functions of mGlu receptors, but also the group II and group III allosteric modulators and agonists/antagonists reported over the past five years according to a classification of their structures, with a specific focus on their biological activity and selectivity. In particular, the structure of these compounds and the future directions of ideal candidates are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaobin Jin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44, West Culture Road , Jinan 250012 , P.R. China .
| | - Shutao Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44, West Culture Road , Jinan 250012 , P.R. China .
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25
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Johnson KA, Mateo Y, Lovinger DM. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 inhibits thalamically-driven glutamate and dopamine release in the dorsal striatum. Neuropharmacology 2017; 117:114-123. [PMID: 28159646 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The striatum plays critical roles in action control and cognition, and activity of striatal neurons is driven by glutamatergic input. Inhibition of glutamatergic inputs to projection neurons and interneurons of the striatum by presynaptic G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) stands to modulate striatal output and striatum-dependent behaviors. Despite knowledge that a substantial number of glutamatergic inputs to striatal neurons originate in the thalamus, most electrophysiological studies assessing GPCR modulation do not differentiate between effects on corticostriatal and thalamostriatal transmission, and synaptic inhibition is frequently assumed to be mediated by activation of GPCRs on corticostriatal terminals. We used optogenetic techniques and recently-discovered pharmacological tools to dissect the effects of a prominent presynaptic GPCR, metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGlu2), on corticostriatal vs. thalamostriatal transmission. We found that an agonist of mGlu2 and mGlu3 induces long-term depression (LTD) at synapses onto MSNs from both the cortex and the thalamus. Thalamostriatal LTD is selectively blocked by an mGlu2-selective negative allosteric modulator and reversed by application of an antagonist following LTD induction. Activation of mGlu2/3 also induces LTD of thalamostriatal transmission in striatal cholinergic interneurons (CINs), and pharmacological activation of mGlu2/3 or selective activation of mGlu2 inhibits CIN-mediated dopamine release evoked by selective stimulation of thalamostriatal inputs. Thus, mGlu2 activation exerts effects on striatal physiology that extend beyond modulation of corticostriatal synapses, and has the potential to influence cognition and striatum-related disorders via inhibition of thalamus-derived glutamate and dopamine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari A Johnson
- Section on Synaptic Pharmacology, Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane TS-13, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Yolanda Mateo
- Section on Synaptic Pharmacology, Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane TS-13, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - David M Lovinger
- Section on Synaptic Pharmacology, Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane TS-13, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F. Rafferty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, 4070 Malott Hall, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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27
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Lindsley CW, Emmitte KA, Hopkins CR, Bridges TM, Gregory KJ, Niswender CM, Conn PJ. Practical Strategies and Concepts in GPCR Allosteric Modulator Discovery: Recent Advances with Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors. Chem Rev 2016; 116:6707-41. [PMID: 26882314 PMCID: PMC4988345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Allosteric modulation of GPCRs has initiated a new era of basic and translational discovery, filled with therapeutic promise yet fraught with caveats. Allosteric ligands stabilize unique conformations of the GPCR that afford fundamentally new receptors, capable of novel pharmacology, unprecedented subtype selectivity, and unique signal bias. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the basics of GPCR allosteric pharmacology, medicinal chemistry, drug metabolism, and validated approaches to address each of the major challenges and caveats. Then, the review narrows focus to highlight recent advances in the discovery of allosteric ligands for metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes 1-5 and 7 (mGlu1-5,7) highlighting key concepts ("molecular switches", signal bias, heterodimers) and practical solutions to enable the development of tool compounds and clinical candidates. The review closes with a section on late-breaking new advances with allosteric ligands for other GPCRs and emerging data for endogenous allosteric modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig W. Lindsley
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Kyle A. Emmitte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, United States
| | - Corey R. Hopkins
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Thomas M. Bridges
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Karen J. Gregory
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Colleen M. Niswender
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - P. Jeffrey Conn
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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28
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Paraja M, Valdés C. Pd-catalyzed cascade reactions between o-iodo-N-alkenylanilines and tosylhydrazones: novel approaches to the synthesis of polysubstituted indoles and 1,4-dihydroquinolines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:6312-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc01880g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pd-catalyzed reactions between tosylhydrazones and o-iodo-N-alkenylanilines provide indoles or dihydroquinolines through carbene migratory insertion/substituent-controlled cyclization cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Paraja
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles”
- Universidad de Oviedo
- Oviedo
- Spain
| | - Carlos Valdés
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles”
- Universidad de Oviedo
- Oviedo
- Spain
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