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Adwani G, Bharti S, Kumar A. Engineered nanoparticles in non-invasive insulin delivery for precision therapeutics of diabetes. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133437. [PMID: 38944087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease leading to the death of millions a year across the world. Insulin is required for Type 1, Type 2, and gestational diabetic patients, however, there are various modes of insulin delivery out of which oral delivery is noninvasive and convenient. Moreover, factors like insulin degradation and poor intestinal absorption play a crucial role in its bioavailability and effectiveness. This review discusses various types of engineered nanoparticles used in-vitro, in-vivo, and ex-vivo insulin delivery along with their administration routes and physicochemical properties. Injectable insulin formulations, currently in use have certain limitations, leading to invasiveness, low patient compliance, causing inflammation, and side effects. Based on these drawbacks, this review emphasizes more on the non-invasive route, particularly oral delivery. The article is important because it focuses on how engineered nanoparticles can overcome the limitations of free therapeutics (drugs alone), navigate the barriers, and accomplish precision therapeutics in diabetes. In future, more drugs could be delivered with a similar strategy to cure various diseases and resolve challenges in drug delivery. This review significantly describes the role of various engineered nanoparticles in improving the bioavailability of insulin by protecting it from various barriers during non-invasive routes of delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Adwani
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur 492010, CG, India
| | - Sharda Bharti
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur 492010, CG, India.
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur 492010, CG, India.
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2
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Verma J, Dahiya S. Nanomaterials for diabetes: diagnosis, detection and delivery. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:392001. [PMID: 38990067 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad5db5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
537 million people worldwide suffer from diabetes mellitus, a problem of glucose management that is related to a number of major health risks, including cardiovascular diseases. There is a need for new, efficient formulations of diabetic medications to address this condition and its related consequences because existing treatments have a number of drawbacks and limits. This encouraged the development of treatment plans to get around some of these restrictions, like low therapeutic drug bioavailability or patients' disobedience to existing therapies. Approaches based on nanotechnology have a lot of promise to enhance the treatment of diabetic patients. In order to manage blood glucose, this review article highlights recent developments and explores the potential applications of different materials (polymeric, ceramic, dendrimers, etc.) as nanocarriers for the delivery of insulin and other antidiabetic medications. Using an injectable and acid-degradable polymeric network produced by the electrostatic interaction of oppositely charged dextran nanoparticles loaded with insulin and glucose-specific enzymes, we reviewed a glucose-mediated release approach for the self-regulated delivery of insulin, in which, after a degradable nano-network was subcutaneously injected into type 1 diabetic mice,in vivoexperiments confirmed that these formulations improved glucose management. In addition, a discussion of silica-based nanocarriers, their potential for treating diabetes and controlling blood glucose levels, and an explanation of the role of dendrimers in diabetes treatment have been covered. This is done by utilizing the properties of silica nanoparticles, such as their tuneable particle and pore size, surface chemistry, and biocompatibility. The article summarized the significance of nanomaterials and their uses in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes overall, illuminating the field's potential and outlining its prospects for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Verma
- Center for Precision Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shakti Dahiya
- Department of Surgery, Divison of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15244, United States of America
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3
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Paul S, Bhuyan S, Balasoupramanien DD, Palaniappan A. Muco-Adhesive and Muco-Penetrative Formulations for the Oral Delivery of Insulin. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:24121-24141. [PMID: 38882129 PMCID: PMC11170654 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Insulin, a pivotal anabolic hormone, regulates glucose homeostasis by facilitating the conversion of blood glucose to energy or storage. Dysfunction in insulin activity, often associated with pancreatic β cells impairment, leads to hyperglycemia, a hallmark of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from autoimmune destruction of β cells, while type 2 diabetes (T2D) stems from genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors causing β cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Currently, insulin therapy is used for most of the cases of T1D, while it is used only in a few persistent cases of T2D, often supplemented with dietary and lifestyle changes. The key challenge in oral insulin delivery lies in overcoming gastrointestinal (GI) barriers, including enzymatic degradation, low permeability, food interactions, low bioavailability, and long-term safety concerns. The muco-adhesive (MA) and muco-penetrative (MP) formulations aim to enhance oral insulin delivery by addressing these challenges. The mucus layer, a hydrogel matrix covering epithelial cells in the GI tract, poses significant barriers to oral insulin absorption. Its structure, composition, and turnover rate influence interactions with insulin and other drug carriers. Some of the few factors that influence mucoadhesion and mucopenetration are particle size, surface charge distribution, and surface modifications. This review discusses the challenges associated with oral insulin delivery, explores the properties of mucus, and evaluates the strategies for achieving excellent MA and MP formulations, focusing on nanotechnology-based approaches. The development of effective oral insulin formulations holds the potential to revolutionize diabetes management, providing patients with a more convenient and patient-friendly alternative to traditional insulin administration methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijita Paul
- School of Biosciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
- Advanced Academic Programs, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore Maryland21218, United States
| | - Snigdha Bhuyan
- School of Biosciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077
| | | | - Arunkumar Palaniappan
- Human Organ Manufacturing Engineering (HOME) Lab, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
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Wang Y, Li H, Rasool A, Wang H, Manzoor R, Zhang G. Polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) for oral delivery of insulin. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:1. [PMID: 38167129 PMCID: PMC10763344 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Successful oral insulin administration can considerably enhance the quality of life (QOL) of diabetes patients who must frequently take insulin injections. Oral insulin administration, on the other hand, is seriously hampered by gastrointestinal enzymes, wide pH range, mucus and mucosal layers, which limit insulin oral bioavailability to ≤ 2%. Therefore, a large number of technological solutions have been proposed to increase the oral bioavailability of insulin, in which polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) are highly promising for oral insulin delivery. The recently published research articles chosen for this review are based on applications of PNPs with strong future potential in oral insulin delivery, and do not cover all related work. In this review, we will summarize the controlled release mechanisms of oral insulin delivery, latest oral insulin delivery applications of PNPs nanocarrier, challenges and prospect. This review will serve as a guide to the future investigators who wish to engineer and study PNPs as oral insulin delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green, Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Hao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green, Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Aamir Rasool
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta, 78300, Pakistan.
| | - Hebin Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, 741000, China.
| | - Robina Manzoor
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Water and Marine Sciences, Lasbella University of Agriculture, Uthal, 90150, Pakistan
| | - Genlin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green, Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
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Wang X, Sun H, Mu T. Materials and structure of polysaccharide-based delivery carriers for oral insulin: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121364. [PMID: 37940264 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that affects >500 million patients worldwide. Subcutaneous injection of insulin is the most effective treatment at present. However, regular needle injections will cause pain, inflammation, and other adverse consequences. In recent years, significant progress has been made in non-injectable insulin preparations. Oral administration is the best way of administration due to its simplicity, convenience, and good patient compliance. However, oral insulin delivery is hindered by many physiological barriers in the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in the low relative bioavailability of direct oral insulin delivery. To improve the relative bioavailability, a variety of insulin delivery vectors have been developed. Polysaccharides are used to achieve safe and effective insulin loading due to their excellent biocompatibility and protein affinity. The functional characteristics of polysaccharide-based delivery carriers, such as pH responsiveness, mucosal adhesion, and further functionalization modifications, enhance the gastrointestinal absorption and bioavailability of insulin. This paper reviews the materials and structures of oral insulin polysaccharide-based carriers, providing ideas for further improving the relative bioavailability of oral insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Wang
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, P.O. Box 5109, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongnan Sun
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, P.O. Box 5109, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Taihua Mu
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, P.O. Box 5109, Beijing 100193, China.
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Islam MM, Raikwar S. Enhancement of Oral Bioavailability of Protein and Peptide by Polysaccharide-based Nanoparticles. Protein Pept Lett 2024; 31:209-228. [PMID: 38509673 DOI: 10.2174/0109298665292469240228064739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Oral drug delivery is a prevalent and cost-effective method due to its advantages, such as increased drug absorption surface area and improved patient compliance. However, delivering proteins and peptides orally remains a challenge due to their vulnerability to degradation by digestive enzymes, stomach acids, and limited intestinal membrane permeability, resulting in poor bioavailability. The use of nanotechnology has emerged as a promising solution to enhance the bioavailability of these vital therapeutic agents. Polymeric NPs, made from natural or synthetic polymers, are commonly used. Natural polysaccharides, such as alginate, chitosan, dextran, starch, pectin, etc., have gained preference due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and versatility in encapsulating various drug types. Their hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties can be tailored to suit different drug molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Moidul Islam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Moga-142001, Punjab, India
| | - Sarjana Raikwar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Moga-142001, Punjab, India
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Sato H, Yamada K, Miyake M, Onoue S. Recent Advancements in the Development of Nanocarriers for Mucosal Drug Delivery Systems to Control Oral Absorption. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2708. [PMID: 38140049 PMCID: PMC10747340 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral administration of active pharmaceutical ingredients is desirable because it is easy, safe, painless, and can be performed by patients, resulting in good medication adherence. The mucus layer in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract generally acts as a barrier to protect the epithelial membrane from foreign substances; however, in the absorption process after oral administration, it can also disturb effective drug absorption by trapping it in the biological sieve structured by mucin, a major component of mucus, and eliminating it by mucus turnover. Recently, functional nanocarriers (NCs) have attracted much attention due to their immense potential and effectiveness in the field of oral drug delivery. Among them, NCs with mucopenetrating and mucoadhesive properties are promising dosage options for controlling drug absorption from the GI tracts. Mucopenetrating and mucoadhesive NCs can rapidly deliver encapsulated drugs to the absorption site and/or prolong the residence time of NCs close to the absorption membrane, providing better medications than conventional approaches. The surface characteristics of NCs are important factors that determine their functionality, owing to the formation of various kinds of interactions between the particle surface and mucosal components. Thus, a deeper understanding of surface modifications on the biopharmaceutical characteristics of NCs is necessary to develop the appropriate mucosal drug delivery systems (mDDS) for the treatment of target diseases. This review summarizes the basic information and functions of the mucosal layer, highlights the recent progress in designing functional NCs for mDDS, and discusses their performance in the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Sato
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (H.S.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kohei Yamada
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (H.S.); (K.Y.)
| | - Masateru Miyake
- Business Integrity and External Affairs, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 2-16-4 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8242, Japan;
| | - Satomi Onoue
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (H.S.); (K.Y.)
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Saifi Z, Ralli T, Rizwanullah M, Alam M, Vohora D, Mir SR, Amin S, Ameen S. BBD Driven Fabrication of Hydroxyapatite Engineered Risedronate Loaded Thiolated Chitosan Nanoparticles and Their In Silico, In Vitro, and Ex Vivo Studies. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:2182. [PMID: 38138351 PMCID: PMC10745864 DOI: 10.3390/mi14122182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Risedronate sodium (RIS) exhibits limited bioavailability and undesirable gastrointestinal effects when administered orally, necessitating the development of an alternative formulation. In this study, mPEG-coated nanoparticles loaded with RIS-HA-TCS were created for osteoporosis treatment. Thiolated chitosan (TCS) was synthesized using chitosan and characterized using DSC and FTIR, with thiol immobilization assessed using Ellman's reagent. RIS-HA nanoparticles were fabricated and conjugated with synthesized TCS. Fifteen batches of RIS-HA-TCS nanoparticles were designed using the Box-Behnken design process. The nanoparticles were formulated through the ionic gelation procedure, employing tripolyphosphate (TPP) as a crosslinking agent. In silico activity comparison of RIS and RIS-HA-TCS for farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase enzyme demonstrated a higher binding affinity for RIS. The RIS-HA-TCS nanoparticles exhibited 85.4 ± 2.21% drug entrapment efficiency, a particle size of 252.1 ± 2.44 nm, and a polydispersity index of 0.2 ± 0.01. Further conjugation with mPEG resulted in a particle size of 264.9 ± 1.91 nm, a PDI of 0.120 ± 0.01, and an encapsulation efficiency of 91.1 ± 1.17%. TEM confirmed the spherical particle size of RIS-HA-TCS and RIS-HA-TCS-mPEG. In vitro release studies demonstrated significantly higher release for RIS-HS-TCS-mPEG (95.13 ± 4.64%) compared to RIS-HA-TCS (91.74 ± 5.13%), RIS suspension (56.12 ± 5.19%), and a marketed formulation (74.69 ± 3.98%). Ex vivo gut permeation studies revealed an apparent permeability of 0.5858 × 10-1 cm/min for RIS-HA-TCS-mPEG, surpassing RIS-HA-TCS (0.4011 × 10-4 cm/min), RIS suspension (0.2005 × 10-4 cm/min), and a marketed preparation (0.3401 × 10-4 cm/min).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Saifi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (Z.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Tanya Ralli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (Z.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Md. Rizwanullah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (Z.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Meraj Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (Z.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Divya Vohora
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Showkat R. Mir
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Saima Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (Z.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Sadia Ameen
- Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Bio-Convergence Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Advanced Science Campus, Jeonju 56212, Republic of Korea
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Chen T, Chen L, Luo F, Xu Y, Wu D, Li Y, Zhao R, Hua Z, Hu J. Efficient oral delivery of resveratrol-loaded cyclodextrin-metal organic framework for alleviation of ulcerative colitis. Int J Pharm 2023; 646:123496. [PMID: 37806504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Developing innovative strategies for the oral administration of phytochemicals presents a promising approach to addressing intestinal diseases. However, numerous challenges persist, including limited therapeutic efficacy, poor bioavailability, and inadequate biocompatibility. In this study, we employed a cross-linked cyclodextrin-metal organic framework (CDF) to encapsulate resveratrol (Res), generating Res-CDF, which was subsequently incorporated into natural polysaccharide hydrogel microspheres (Res-CDF in MPs) for targeted oral delivery to alleviate ulcerative colitis (UC). The underlying adsorption mechanism of Res by γ-CD elucidated by molecular dynamics simulations. Importantly, the Res-CDF in MPs formulation protected against gastric acid degradation while preserving the bioactivity of Res. Moreover, the design enabled specific release of Res-CDF in response to the mildly alkaline environment of the intestinal tract, followed by sustained Res release. In UC mice model, Res-CDF in MPs demonstrated potent anti-inflammatory effects by attenuating pro-inflammatory cytokine production and exhibited antioxidant properties. Additionally, Res-CDF in MPs enhanced the expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1, Occludin, and mucin-2 (Muc-2), thereby maintaining normal intestinal barrier function. This innovative oral delivery strategy capitalizes on the advantageous properties of polysaccharide hydrogel and CDF to augment bioavailability of phytochemicals, laying the groundwork for developing novel oral interventions employing natural phytochemicals to address intestinal-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Lihang Chen
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Fengxian Luo
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yu Xu
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Di Wu
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Runan Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ziqi Hua
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jiangning Hu
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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Yuan H, Guo C, Liu L, Zhao L, Zhang Y, Yin T, He H, Gou J, Pan B, Tang X. Progress and prospects of polysaccharide-based nanocarriers for oral delivery of proteins/peptides. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 312:120838. [PMID: 37059563 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The oral route has long been recognized as the most preferred route for drug delivery as it offers high patient compliance and requires minimal expertise. Unlike small molecule drugs, the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract and low permeability across the intestinal epithelium make oral delivery extremely ineffective for macromolecules. Accordingly, delivery systems that are rationally constructed with suitable materials to overcome barriers to oral delivery are exceptionally promising. Among the most ideal materials are polysaccharides. Depending on the interaction between polysaccharides and proteins, the thermodynamic loading and release of proteins in the aqueous phase can be realized. Specific polysaccharides (dextran, chitosan, alginate, cellulose, etc.) endow systems with functional properties, including muco-adhesiveness, pH-responsiveness, and prevention of enzymatic degradation. Furthermore, multiple groups in polysaccharides can be modified, which gives them a variety of properties and enables them to suit specific needs. This review provides an overview of different types of polysaccharide-based nanocarriers based on different kinds of interaction forces and the influencing factors in the construction of polysaccharide-based nanocarriers. Strategies of polysaccharide-based nanocarriers to improve the bioavailability of orally administered proteins/peptides were described. Additionally, current restrictions and future trends of polysaccharide-based nanocarriers for oral delivery of proteins/peptides were also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chen Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Linxuan Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tian Yin
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Haibing He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jingxin Gou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bochen Pan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China.
| | - Xing Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Xie Y, Jin Z, Ma D, Yin TH, Zhao K. Palmitic acid- and cysteine-functionalized nanoparticles overcome mucus and epithelial barrier for oral delivery of drug. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10510. [PMID: 37206211 PMCID: PMC10189451 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) used for oral administration have greatly improved drug bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Nevertheless, NPs are limited by biological barriers, such as gastrointestinal degradation, mucus barrier, and epithelial barrier. To solve these problems, we developed the PA-N-2-HACC-Cys NPs loaded with anti-inflammatory hydrophobic drug curcumin (CUR) (CUR@PA-N-2-HACC-Cys NPs) by self-assembled amphiphilic polymer, composed of the N-2-Hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (N-2-HACC), hydrophobic palmitic acid (PA), and cysteine (Cys). After oral administration, the CUR@PA-N-2-HACC-Cys NPs had good stability and sustained release under gastrointestinal conditions, followed by adhering to the intestine to achieve drug mucosal delivery. Additionally, the NPs could penetrate mucus and epithelial barriers to promote cellular uptake. The CUR@PA-N-2-HACC-Cys NPs could open tight junctions between cells for transepithelial transport while striking a balance between mucus interaction and diffusion through mucus. Notably, the CUR@PA-N-2-HACC-Cys NPs improved the oral bioavailability of CUR, which remarkably relieved colitis symptoms and promoted mucosal epithelial repair. Our findings proved that the CUR@PA-N-2-HACC-Cys NPs had excellent biocompatibility, could overcome mucus and epithelial barriers, and had significant application prospects for oral delivery of the hydrophobic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinzhuo Xie
- Institute of Nanobiomaterials and Immunology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou UniversityTaizhou318000China
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang UniversityHarbin150080China
| | - Zheng Jin
- Institute of Nanobiomaterials and Immunology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou UniversityTaizhou318000China
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang UniversityHarbin150080China
| | - Da Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou UniversityTaizhou318000China
| | - Tan Hui Yin
- Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and TechnologyJalan Genting KelangKuala Lumpur53300Malaysia
| | - Kai Zhao
- Institute of Nanobiomaterials and Immunology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou UniversityTaizhou318000China
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang UniversityHarbin150080China
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12
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Golkar N, Sarikhani Z, Aghaei R, Heidari R, Amini A, Gholami A. An oral nanoformulation of insulin: Development and characterization of human insulin loaded graphene oxide-sodium alginate-gold nanocomposite in an animal model. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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13
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Spleis H, Sandmeier M, Claus V, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Surface design of nanocarriers: Key to more efficient oral drug delivery systems. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 313:102848. [PMID: 36780780 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
As nanocarriers (NCs) can improve the solubility of drugs, prevent their degradation by gastrointestinal (GI) enzymes and promote their transport across the mucus gel layer and absorption membrane, the oral bioavailability of these drugs can be substantially enhanced. All these properties of NCs including self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS), solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles and polymeric micelles depend mainly on their surface chemistry. In particular, interaction with food, digestive enzymes, bile salts and electrolytes, diffusion behaviour across the mucus gel layer and fate on the absorption membrane are determined by their surface. Bioinert surfaces limiting interactions with gastrointestinal fluid and content as well as with mucus, adhesive surfaces providing an intimate contact with the GI mucosa and absorption enhancing surfaces can be designed. Furthermore, charge converting surfaces shifting their zeta potential from negative to positive directly at the absorption membrane and surfaces providing a targeted drug release are advantageous. In addition to these passive surfaces, even active surfaces cleaving mucus glycoproteins on their way through the mucus gel layer can be created. Within this review, we provide an overview on these different surfaces and discuss their impact on the performance of NCs in the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Spleis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck 6020, Austria; Thiomatrix Forschungs und Beratungs GmbH, Trientlgasse 65, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Matthias Sandmeier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck 6020, Austria; Thiomatrix Forschungs und Beratungs GmbH, Trientlgasse 65, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Victor Claus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck 6020, Austria; Thiomatrix Forschungs und Beratungs GmbH, Trientlgasse 65, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
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14
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Xie Y, Xu W, Jin Z, Zhao K. Chondroitin sulfate functionalized palmitic acid and cysteine cografted-quaternized chitosan for CD44 and gut microbiota dual-targeted delivery of curcumin. Mater Today Bio 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
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15
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Insulin-loaded liposomes packaged in alginate hydrogels promote the oral bioavailability of insulin. J Control Release 2023; 353:51-62. [PMID: 36410613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Compared to subcutaneous injections, oral administration of insulin would be a preferred route of drug administration for diabetic patients. For oral delivery, both liposomes and alginate hydrogels face many challenges, including early burst release of the encapsulated drug and poor intestinal drug absorption. Also, adhesion to the intestinal mucosa remains weak, which all result in a low bioavailability of the payload. This study reports on an alginate hydrogel loaded with liposomes for oral insulin administration. Liposomes (Lip) loaded with arginine-insulin complexes (AINS) were incorporated into a hydrogel prepared from cysteine modified alginate (Cys-Alg) to form liposome-in-alginate hydrogels (AINS-Lip-Gel). An ex vivo study proves that intestinal permeation of AINS and AINS-Lip is approximately 2.0 and 6.0-fold, respectively, higher than that of free insulin. The hydrogel retarded early release of insulin (∼30%) from the liposomes and enhanced the intestinal mucosal retention. In vivo experiments revealed that the AINS-Lip-Gel released insulin in a controlled manner and possessed strong hypoglycemic effects. We conclude that liposome-in-alginate hydrogels loaded with AINS represent an attractive strategy for the oral delivery of insulin.
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16
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Silica-Based Nanomaterials for Diabetes Mellitus Treatment. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:bioengineering10010040. [PMID: 36671612 PMCID: PMC9855068 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disease with an alarming global prevalence, is associated with several serious health threats, including cardiovascular diseases. Current diabetes treatments have several limitations and disadvantages, creating the need for new effective formulations to combat this disease and its associated complications. This motivated the development of therapeutic strategies to overcome some of these limitations, such as low therapeutic drug bioavailability or poor compliance of patients with current therapeutic methodologies. Taking advantage of silica nanoparticle characteristics such as tuneable particle and pore size, surface chemistry and biocompatibility, silica-based nanocarriers have been developed with the potential to treat diabetes and regulate blood glucose concentration. This review discusses the main topics in the field, such as oral administration of insulin, glucose-responsive devices and innovative administration routes.
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17
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Wu J, Zhu Z, Liu W, Zhang Y, Kang Y, Liu J, Hu C, Wang R, Zhang M, Chen L, Shao L. How Nanoparticles Open the Paracellular Route of Biological Barriers: Mechanisms, Applications, and Prospects. ACS NANO 2022; 16:15627-15652. [PMID: 36121682 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biological barriers are essential physiological protective systems and obstacles to drug delivery. Nanoparticles (NPs) can access the paracellular route of biological barriers, either causing adverse health impacts on humans or producing therapeutic opportunities. This Review introduces the structural and functional influences of NPs on the key components that govern the paracellular route, mainly tight junctions, adherens junctions, and cytoskeletons. Furthermore, we evaluate their interaction mechanisms and address the influencing factors that determine the ability of NPs to open the paracellular route, which provides a better knowledge of how NPs can open the paracellular route in a safer and more controllable way. Finally, we summarize limitations in the research models and methodologies of the existing research in the field and provide future research direction. This Review demonstrates the in-depth causes for the reversible opening or destruction of the integrity of barriers generated by NPs; more importantly, it contributes insights into the design of NP-based medications to boost paracellular drug delivery efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrong Wu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhenjun Zhu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yiyuan Kang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Chen Hu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ruolan Wang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Manjin Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou 510515, China
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18
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Puri V, Kaur VP, Singh A, Singh C. Recent advances on drug delivery applications of mucopenetrative/mucoadhesive particles: A review. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Jin Z, Hu G, Zhao K. Mannose-anchored quaternized chitosan/thiolated carboxymethyl chitosan composite NPs as mucoadhesive carrier for drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 283:119174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Ionic Liquids: Promising Approach for Oral Drug Delivery. Pharm Res 2022; 39:2353-2365. [PMID: 35449344 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03260-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oral administration is the most preferred route for drug administration in clinic. However, due to unsatisfactory physicochemical properties of drugs and various physiological barriers, the oral bioavailability of most poorly water-soluble and macromolecules drugs is low and the therapeutic effect is unsatisfactory. Ionic liquids (ILs), molten salts with unique properties, show amazing potential for oral delivery. In addition to being able to form active pharmaceutical ingredients based ILs (API-ILs) to overcome drug solubility and polymorphism issues, ILs have also been used to enhance the solubility of poorly soluble drugs, enhance drug stability in the gastrointestinal environment, improve drug permeability in intestinal mucus, and facilitate drug penetration across the intestinal epithelial barrier. Furthermore, ILs were attempted as formulation components to develop novel oral drug delivery systems. This review focus on the application progress of ILs in oral drug delivery and the mechanisms. The challenges and perspectives of the development of ILs-based oral delivery systems are also discussed. This article reviews the latest advances of ionic liquids for oral drug delivery, focusing on the application and related mechanisms of ionic liquids in improving the drug physicochemical properties and enhancing drug delivery across physiological barriers.
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21
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Interactions between Nanoparticles and Intestine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084339. [PMID: 35457155 PMCID: PMC9024817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of nanoparticles (NPs) has surely grown in recent years due to their versatility, with a spectrum of applications that range from nanomedicine to the food industry. Recent research focuses on the development of NPs for the oral administration route rather than the intravenous one, placing the interactions between NPs and the intestine at the centre of the attention. This allows the NPs functionalization to exploit the different characteristics of the digestive tract, such as the different pH, the intestinal mucus layer, or the intestinal absorption capacity. On the other hand, these same characteristics can represent a problem for their complexity, also considering the potential interactions with the food matrix or the microbiota. This review intends to give a comprehensive look into three main branches of NPs delivery through the oral route: the functionalization of NPs drug carriers for systemic targets, with the case of insulin carriers as an example; NPs for the delivery of drugs locally active in the intestine, for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases and colon cancer; finally, the potential concerns and side effects of the accidental and uncontrolled exposure to NPs employed as food additives, with focus on E171 (titanium dioxide) and E174 (silver NPs).
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22
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Li Y, Zhang W, Zhao R, Zhang X. Advances in oral peptide drug nanoparticles for diabetes mellitus treatment. Bioact Mater 2022; 15:392-408. [PMID: 35386357 PMCID: PMC8958389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide drugs play an important role in diabetes mellitus treatment. Oral administration of peptide drugs is a promising strategy for diabetes mellitus because of its convenience and high patient compliance compared to parenteral administration routes. However, there are a series of formidable unfavorable conditions present in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract after oral administration, which result in the low oral bioavailability of these peptide drugs. To overcome these challenges, various nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed to improve the oral absorption of peptide drugs due to their unique in vivo properties and high design flexibility. This review discusses the unfavorable conditions present in the GI tract and provides the corresponding strategies to overcome these challenges. The review provides a comprehensive overview on the NPs that have been constructed for oral peptide drug delivery in diabetes mellitus treatment. Finally, we will discuss the rational application and give some suggestions that can be utilized for the development of oral peptide drug NPs. Our aim is to provide a systemic and comprehensive review of oral peptide drug NPs that can overcome the challenges in GI tract for efficient treatment of diabetes mellitus. •Oral administration of peptide drugs is a promising strategy for diabetes mellitus treatment •A series of formidable unfavorable conditions in gastrointestinal tract result in the low oral bioavailability of peptide drugs •Nanoparticles can improve the oral bioavailability of peptide drugs
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Ruichen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China.,School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
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23
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Wang M, Wang C, Ren S, Pan J, Wang Y, Shen Y, Zeng Z, Cui H, Zhao X. Versatile Oral Insulin Delivery Nanosystems: From Materials to Nanostructures. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3362. [PMID: 35328783 PMCID: PMC8952690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by lack of insulin in the body leading to failure of blood glucose regulation. Diabetes patients usually need frequent insulin injections to maintain normal blood glucose levels, which is a painful administration manner. Long-term drug injection brings great physical and psychological burden to diabetic patients. In order to improve the adaptability of patients to use insulin and reduce the pain caused by injection, the development of oral insulin formulations is currently a hot and difficult topic in the field of medicine and pharmacy. Thus, oral insulin delivery is a promising and convenient administration method to relieve the patients. However, insulin as a peptide drug is prone to be degraded by digestive enzymes. In addition, insulin has strong hydrophilicity and large molecular weight and extremely low oral bioavailability. To solve these problems in clinical practice, the oral insulin delivery nanosystems were designed and constructed by rational combination of various nanomaterials and nanotechnology. Such oral nanosystems have the advantages of strong adaptability, small size, convenient processing, long-lasting pharmaceutical activity, and drug controlled-release, so it can effectively improve the oral bioavailability and efficacy of insulin. This review summarizes the basic principles and recent progress in oral delivery nanosystems for insulin, including physiological absorption barrier of oral insulin and the development of materials to nanostructures for oral insulin delivery nanosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yue Shen
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (M.W.); (C.W.); (S.R.); (J.P.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (H.C.)
| | | | | | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (M.W.); (C.W.); (S.R.); (J.P.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (H.C.)
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24
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Younis MA, Tawfeek HM, Abdellatif AAH, Abdel-Aleem JA, Harashima H. Clinical translation of nanomedicines: Challenges, opportunities, and keys. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 181:114083. [PMID: 34929251 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the massive interest and recent developments in the field of nanomedicine, only a limited number of formulations have found their way to the clinics. This shortcoming reveals the challenges facing the clinical translation of this technology. In the current article, we summarize and evaluate the status, market situation, and clinical profiles of the reported nanomedicines, the shortcomings limiting their clinical translation, as well as some approaches designed to break through this barrier. Moreover, some emerging technologies that have the potential to compete with nanomedicines are highlighted. Lastly, we identify the key factors that should be considered in nanomedicine-related research to be clinically-translatable. These can be classified into five areas: rational design during the research and development stage, the recruitment of representative preclinical models, careful design of clinical trials, development of specific and uniform regulatory protocols, and calls for non-classic sponsorship. This new field of endeavor was firmly established during the last two decades and more in-depth progress is expected in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Younis
- Laboratory of Innovative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
| | - Hesham M Tawfeek
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A H Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Jelan A Abdel-Aleem
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Laboratory of Innovative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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25
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Hock N, Racaniello GF, Aspinall S, Denora N, Khutoryanskiy VV, Bernkop‐Schnürch A. Thiolated Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications: Mimicking the Workhorses of Our Body. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2102451. [PMID: 34773391 PMCID: PMC8728822 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology have generated a broad range of nanoparticles (NPs) for numerous biomedical applications. Among the various properties of NPs are functionalities being related to thiol substructures. Numerous biological processes that are mediated by cysteine or cystine subunits of proteins representing the workhorses of the bodies can be transferred to NPs. This review focuses on the interface between thiol chemistry and NPs. Pros and cons of different techniques for thiolation of NPs are discussed. Furthermore, the various functionalities gained by thiolation are highlighted. These include overall bio- and mucoadhesive, cellular uptake enhancing, and permeation enhancing properties. Drugs being either covalently attached to thiolated NPs via disulfide bonds or being entrapped in thiolated polymeric NPs that are stabilized via inter- and intrachain crosslinking can be released at the diseased tissue or in target cells under reducing conditions. Moreover, drugs, targeting ligands, biological analytes, and enzymes bearing thiol substructures can be immobilized on noble metal NPs and quantum dots for therapeutic, theranostic, diagnostic, biosensing, and analytical reasons. Within this review a concise summary and analysis of the current knowledge, future directions, and potential clinical use of thiolated NPs are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Hock
- Thiomatrix Forschungs und Beratungs GmbHTrientlgasse 65Innsbruck6020Austria
| | | | - Sam Aspinall
- Reading School of PharmacyUniversity of ReadingWhiteknights PO Box 224, Room 122 (Chemistry and Pharmacy Building)ReadingRG66DXUK
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy – Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Bari “Aldo Moro”Bari70125Italy
| | - Vitaliy V. Khutoryanskiy
- Reading School of PharmacyUniversity of ReadingWhiteknights PO Box 224, Room 122 (Chemistry and Pharmacy Building)ReadingRG66DXUK
| | - Andreas Bernkop‐Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of PharmacyUniversity of InnsbruckInnrain 80/82Innsbruck6020Austria
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26
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Hao W, Cha R, Wang M, Zhang P, Jiang X. Impact of nanomaterials on the intestinal mucosal barrier and its application in treating intestinal diseases. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 7:6-30. [PMID: 34889349 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00315a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal mucosal barrier (IMB) is one of the important barriers to prevent harmful substances and pathogens from entering the body environment and to maintain intestinal homeostasis. The dysfunction of the IMB is associated with intestinal diseases and disorders. Nanomaterials have been widely used in medicine and as drug carriers due to their large specific surface area, strong adsorbability, and good biocompatibility. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the impact of typical nanomaterials on the IMB and summarize the treatment of intestinal diseases by using nanomaterials. The effects of nanomaterials on the IMB are mainly influenced by factors such as the dosage, size, morphology, and surface functional groups of nanomaterials. There is huge potential and a broad prospect for the application of nanomaterials in regulating the IMB for achieving an optimal therapeutic effect for antibiotics, oral vaccines, drug carriers, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuai Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Ruitao Cha
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Mingzheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Pai Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China.
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27
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Jash A, Ubeyitogullari A, Rizvi SSH. Liposomes for oral delivery of protein and peptide-based therapeutics: challenges, formulation strategies, and advances. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:4773-4792. [PMID: 34027542 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00126d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Throughout the past decade, there has been a rapid growth in the development of protein/peptide-based therapeutics. These therapeutics have found widespread applications in the treatment of cancer, infectious diseases, and other metabolic disorders owing to their several desirable attributes, such as reduced toxicity, diverse biological activities, high specificity, and potency. Most protein/peptide-based drugs are still administered parenterally, and there is an unprecedented demand in the pharmaceutical industry to develop oral delivery routes to increase patient acceptability and convenience. Recent advancements in nanomedicine discoveries have led to the development of several nano and micro-particle-based oral delivery platforms for protein/peptide-based therapeutics and among these, liposomes have emerged as a prominent candidate. Liposomes are spherical vesicles composed of one or more phospholipid bilayers enclosing a core aqueous phase. Their unique amphiphilic nature enables encapsulation of a diverse range of bioactives/drugs including both hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds for delivery. Against this backdrop, this review provides an overview of the current approaches and challenges associated with the routes and methods of oral administration of protein/peptide-based therapeutics by using liposomes as a potential vehicle. First, the conventional and innovative liposome formation approaches have been discussed along with their applications. Next, the challenges associated with current approaches for oral delivery of protein and peptide-derived therapeutics have been thoroughly addressed. Lastly, we have critically reviewed the potential of liposomes utilization as vehicles for oral delivery of proteins emphasizing the current status and future directions in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apratim Jash
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
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28
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Finbloom JA, Sousa F, Stevens MM, Desai TA. Engineering the drug carrier biointerface to overcome biological barriers to drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 167:89-108. [PMID: 32535139 PMCID: PMC10822675 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Micro and nanoscale drug carriers must navigate through a plethora of dynamic biological systems prior to reaching their tissue or disease targets. The biological obstacles to drug delivery come in many forms and include tissue barriers, mucus and bacterial biofilm hydrogels, the immune system, and cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking. The biointerface of drug carriers influences how these carriers navigate and overcome biological barriers for successful drug delivery. In this review, we examine how key material design parameters lead to dynamic biointerfaces and improved drug delivery across biological barriers. We provide a brief overview of approaches used to engineer key physicochemical properties of drug carriers, such as morphology, surface chemistry, and topography, as well as the development of dynamic responsive materials for barrier navigation. We then discuss essential biological barriers and how biointerface engineering can enable drug carriers to better navigate and overcome these barriers to drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel A Finbloom
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Flávia Sousa
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Tejal A Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Zeta potential changing nanoemulsions based on phosphate moiety cleavage of a PEGylated surfactant. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Optimization of Thiolated Chitosan Nanoparticles for the Enhancement of in Vivo Hypoglycemic Efficacy of Sitagliptin in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12040300. [PMID: 32224875 PMCID: PMC7238266 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sitagliptin (SGN) is an antidiabetic drug used for treatment of diabetes mellitus type II. The objectives of this study were to formulate SGN in form of thiolated chitosan (TC) nanoparticles to enhance the mucoadhesion properties of SGN to the gastrointestinal tract, prolong drug release, decrease side effects, and enhance patient compliance. Seventeen batches of SGN-TC nanoparticles were designed by Box-Behnken design and prepared using the ionic gelation method using tripolyphosphate (TPP) as crosslinking agent. The prepared formulations were evaluated for particle size, entrapment efficiency %, and in vitro drug release. Based on the results of optimization, three formulations (F1-F3) were prepared with different drug polymer ratios (1:1, 1:2, and 1:3). The mucoadhesion study and in vivo hypoglycemic activity of three formulations were evaluated in comparison to free SGN in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The seventeen SGN-TC nanoparticles showed small particle sizes, high entrapment efficiency, and prolonged drug release. The concentration of TC polymers had highest effect on these responses. The percentage of SGN-TC nanoparticles adhered to tissue was increased and the release was prolonged as the concentration of TC polymer increased (F3 > F2 > F1). The hypoglycemic effect of SGN-TC nanoparticles was significantly higher than resulted by free SGN. It was concluded that TC nanoparticles had the ability to enhance the mucoadhesion properties of SGN and prolong the drug release. SGN-TC nanoparticles significantly reduced plasma glucose levels compared to free SGN in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
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