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Cheng J, Xue C, Yang M, Wang X, Xu Z, Li N, Zhang X, Feng X, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu SF, Yang Z. Dense Perovskite Thick Film Enabled by Saturated Solution Filling for Sensitive X-ray Detection and Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38961051 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c08706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Thick polycrystalline perovskite films synthesized by using solution processes show great potential in X-ray detection applications. However, due to the evaporation of the solvent, many pinholes and defects appear in the thick films, which deteriorate their optoelectronic properties and diminish their X-ray detection performance. Therefore, the preparation of large area and dense perovskite thick films is desired. Herein, we propose an effective strategy of filling the pores with a saturated precursor solution. By adding the saturated perovskite solution to the polycrystalline perovskite thick film, the original perovskite film will not be destroyed because of the solution-solute equilibrium relationship. Instead, it promotes in situ crystal growth within the thick film during the annealing process. The loosely packed grains in the original thick perovskite film are connected, and the pores and defects are partially filled and fixed. Finally, a much denser perovskite thick film with improved optoelectronic properties has been obtained. The optimized thick film exhibits an X-ray sensitivity of 1616.01 μC Gyair-1 cm-2 under an electric field of 44.44 V mm-1 and a low detection limit of 28.64 nGyair s-1 under an electric field of 22.22 V mm-1. These values exceed the 323.86 μC Gyair-1 cm-2 and 40.52 nGyair s-1 of the pristine perovskite thick film measured under the same conditions. The optimized thick film also shows promising working stability and X-ray imaging capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatian Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Chengzhi Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Min Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Ziwei Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | | | - Xiaolong Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xinmei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yucheng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Shengzhong Frank Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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Ali N, Shehzad K, Attique S, Ali A, Akram F, Younis A, Ali S, Sun Y, Yu G, Wu H, Dai N. Exploring Non-Toxic Lower Dimensional Perovskites for Next-Generation X-Ray Detectors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310946. [PMID: 38229536 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Owing to their extraordinary photophysical properties, organometal halide perovskites are emerging as a new material class for X-ray detection. However, the existence of toxic lead makes their commercialization questionable and should readily be replaced. Accordingly, several lead alternatives have been introduced into the framework of conventional perovskites, resulting in various new perovskite dimensionalities. Among these, Pb-free lower dimensional perovskites (LPVKs) not only show promising X-ray detecting properties due to their higher ionic migration energy, wider and tunable energy bandgap, smaller dark currents, and structural versatility but also exhibit extended environmental stability. Herein, first, the structural organization of the PVKs (including LPVKs) is summarized. In the context of X-ray detectors (XDs), the outstanding properties of the LPVKs and active layer synthesis routes are elaborated afterward. Subsequently, their applications in direct XDs are extensively discussed and the device performance, in terms of the synthesis method, device architecture, active layer size, figure of merits, and device stability are tabulated. Finally, the review is concluded with an in-depth outlook, thoroughly exploring the present challenges to LPVKs XDs, proposing innovative solutions, and future directions. This review provides valuable insights into optimizing non-toxic Pb-free perovskite XDs, paving the way for future advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Ali
- Research Center for Frontier Fundamental Studies, Zhejiang Labs, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Khurram Shehzad
- Research Center for Frontier Fundamental Studies, Zhejiang Labs, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Sanam Attique
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Ayaz Ali
- Research Center for Frontier Fundamental Studies, Zhejiang Labs, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Fazli Akram
- Center for High Technology Materials and the Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Adnan Younis
- Department of Physics, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shahid Ali
- Department of Physics, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Yan Sun
- Research Center for Frontier Fundamental Studies, Zhejiang Labs, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Guolin Yu
- Research Center for Frontier Fundamental Studies, Zhejiang Labs, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Huizhen Wu
- Research Center for Frontier Fundamental Studies, Zhejiang Labs, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, P. R. China
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Ning Dai
- Research Center for Frontier Fundamental Studies, Zhejiang Labs, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, P. R. China
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Fan Z, Lei L, Tie S, Dong S, Yuan R, Zhou B, Zheng X. High-Performance Hard X-Ray Imaging Detector Using Facet-Dependent Bismuth Vanadate. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401213. [PMID: 38766921 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) exhibits large absorption efficiency for hard X-rays, which endows it with a robust capacity to attenuate X-ray radiation across a broad energy range. The anisotropic properties of BiVO4 allow for the manipulation of their physical and chemical characteristics through crystallographic orientation and exposed facets. In this study, the issue of heavy recombination caused by sluggish electron transport in BiVO4 is successfully addressed by enhancing the abundance of the (040) crystal face ratio using a Co2+ crystal face exposure agent. The facet-dependent modifications exhibit excellent and balanced intrinsic charge transport properties, and finely optimize both the sensitivity and detection limit of BiVO4 X-ray detectors. As a result, ultra-stable BiVO4 metal oxide X-ray detectors demonstrate a high sensitivity of 3164 µC Gyair -1 cm-2 and a low detection limit of 20.76 nGyair s-1 under 110 kVp hard X-rays, establishing a new benchmark for X-ray detectors based on polycrystalline Bi-halides and metal oxides. These findings highlight the significance of crystal orientation in optimizing materials for X-ray detection, setting a new sensitivity record for X-ray detectors based on polycrystalline Bi-halides and metal oxides, which paves the way for the development of advanced, low-dose, and highly stable imaging systems specifically for hard X-rays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Fan
- Sichuan Research Center of New Materials, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Chengdu, 610200, China
| | - Lin Lei
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621900, China
| | - Shujie Tie
- Sichuan Research Center of New Materials, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Chengdu, 610200, China
| | - Siyin Dong
- Sichuan Research Center of New Materials, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Chengdu, 610200, China
| | - Ruihan Yuan
- Sichuan Research Center of New Materials, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Chengdu, 610200, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Sichuan Research Center of New Materials, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Chengdu, 610200, China
| | - Xiaojia Zheng
- Sichuan Research Center of New Materials, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Chengdu, 610200, China
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4
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Girolami M, Matteocci F, Pettinato S, Serpente V, Bolli E, Paci B, Generosi A, Salvatori S, Di Carlo A, Trucchi DM. Metal-Halide Perovskite Submicrometer-Thick Films for Ultra-Stable Self-Powered Direct X-Ray Detectors. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:182. [PMID: 38668830 PMCID: PMC11052987 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01393-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Metal-halide perovskites are revolutionizing the world of X-ray detectors, due to the development of sensitive, fast, and cost-effective devices. Self-powered operation, ensuring portability and low power consumption, has also been recently demonstrated in both bulk materials and thin films. However, the signal stability and repeatability under continuous X-ray exposure has only been tested up to a few hours, often reporting degradation of the detection performance. Here it is shown that self-powered direct X-ray detectors, fabricated starting from a FAPbBr3 submicrometer-thick film deposition onto a mesoporous TiO2 scaffold, can withstand a 26-day uninterrupted X-ray exposure with negligible signal loss, demonstrating ultra-high operational stability and excellent repeatability. No structural modification is observed after irradiation with a total ionizing dose of almost 200 Gy, revealing an unexpectedly high radiation hardness for a metal-halide perovskite thin film. In addition, trap-assisted photoconductive gain enabled the device to achieve a record bulk sensitivity of 7.28 C Gy-1 cm-3 at 0 V, an unprecedented value in the field of thin-film-based photoconductors and photodiodes for "hard" X-rays. Finally, prototypal validation under the X-ray beam produced by a medical linear accelerator for cancer treatment is also introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Girolami
- CNR-ISM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Sede Secondaria di Montelibretti, DiaTHEMA Lab, Strada Provinciale 35D, 9, 00010, Montelibretti, Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabio Matteocci
- CHOSE - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome ''Tor Vergata'', Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Pettinato
- CNR-ISM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Sede Secondaria di Montelibretti, DiaTHEMA Lab, Strada Provinciale 35D, 9, 00010, Montelibretti, Rome, Italy
- Faculty of Engineering, Università degli Studi Niccolò Cusano, Via don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Serpente
- CNR-ISM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Sede Secondaria di Montelibretti, DiaTHEMA Lab, Strada Provinciale 35D, 9, 00010, Montelibretti, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Bolli
- CNR-ISM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Sede Secondaria di Montelibretti, DiaTHEMA Lab, Strada Provinciale 35D, 9, 00010, Montelibretti, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Paci
- SpecXLab, CNR-ISM, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Istituto di Struttura Della Materia, Area della Ricerca di Tor Vergata, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Amanda Generosi
- SpecXLab, CNR-ISM, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Istituto di Struttura Della Materia, Area della Ricerca di Tor Vergata, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Salvatori
- CNR-ISM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Sede Secondaria di Montelibretti, DiaTHEMA Lab, Strada Provinciale 35D, 9, 00010, Montelibretti, Rome, Italy
- Faculty of Engineering, Università degli Studi Niccolò Cusano, Via don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Di Carlo
- CHOSE - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome ''Tor Vergata'', Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
- SpecXLab, CNR-ISM, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Istituto di Struttura Della Materia, Area della Ricerca di Tor Vergata, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele M Trucchi
- CNR-ISM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Sede Secondaria di Montelibretti, DiaTHEMA Lab, Strada Provinciale 35D, 9, 00010, Montelibretti, Rome, Italy
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5
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Brennan MC, McCleese CL, Loftus LM, Lipp J, Febbraro M, Hall HJ, Turner DB, Carter MJ, Stevenson PR, Grusenmeyer TA. Optically Transparent Lead Halide Perovskite Polycrystalline Ceramics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38498384 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
We utilize room-temperature uniaxial pressing at applied loads achievable with low-cost, laboratory-scale presses to fabricate freestanding CH3NH3PbX3 (X- = Br-, Cl-) polycrystalline ceramics with millimeter thicknesses and optical transparency up to ∼70% in the infrared. As-fabricated perovskite ceramics can be produced with desirable form factors (i.e., size, shape, and thickness) and high-quality surfaces without any postprocessing (e.g., cutting or polishing). This method should be broadly applicable to a large swath of metal halide perovskites, not just the compositions shown here. In addition to fabrication, we analyze microstructure-optical property relationships through detailed experiments (e.g., transmission measurements, electron microscopy, X-ray tomography, optical profilometry, etc.) as well as modeling based on Mie theory. The optical, electrical, and mechanical properties of perovskite polycrystalline ceramics are benchmarked against those of single-crystalline analogues through spectroscopic ellipsometry, Hall measurements, and nanoindentation. Finally, γ-ray scintillation from a transparent MAPbBr3 ceramic is demonstrated under irradiation from a 137Cs source. From a broader perspective, scalable methods to produce freestanding polycrystalline lead halide perovskites with comparable properties to their single-crystal counterparts could enable key advancements in the commercial production of perovskite-based technologies (e.g., direct X-ray/γ-ray detectors, scintillators, and nonlinear optics).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Brennan
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
- Azimuth Corporation, 2079 Presidential Dr. #200, Fairborn, Ohio 45342, United States
| | - Christopher L McCleese
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
- Azimuth Corporation, 2079 Presidential Dr. #200, Fairborn, Ohio 45342, United States
| | - Lauren M Loftus
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
- Azimuth Corporation, 2079 Presidential Dr. #200, Fairborn, Ohio 45342, United States
| | - Jeremiah Lipp
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES, Inc., 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Michael Febbraro
- Department of Engineering Physics, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Harris J Hall
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - David B Turner
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
- Azimuth Corporation, 2079 Presidential Dr. #200, Fairborn, Ohio 45342, United States
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Michael J Carter
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Peter R Stevenson
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Tod A Grusenmeyer
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
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Xia M, Sun X, Ye F, Liao M, Liu J, Liu S, Wu D, Xu Y, Zhang X, Xue KH, Miao X, Tang J, Niu G. Stereo-Hindrance Engineering of A Cation toward <110>-Oriented 2D Perovskite with Minimized Tilting and High-Performance X-Ray Detection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2313663. [PMID: 38415854 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
2D <100>-oriented Dion-Jacobson or Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites are widely recognized as promising candidates for optoelectronic applications. However, the large interlayer spacing significantly hinders the carrier transport. <110>-oriented 2D perovskites naturally exhibit reduced interlayer spacings, but the tilting of metal halide octahedra is typically serious and leads to poor charge transport. Herein, a <110>-oriented 2D perovskite EPZPbBr4 (EPZ = 1-ethylpiperazine) with minimized tilting is designed through A-site stereo-hindrance engineering. The piperazine functional group enters the space enclosed by the three [PbBr6 ]4- octahedra, pushing Pb─Br─Pb closer to a straight line (maximum Pb─Br─Pb angle ≈180°), suppressing the tilting as well as electron-phonon coupling. Meanwhile, the ethyl group is located between layers and contributes an extremely reduced effective interlayer distance (2.22 Å), further facilitating the carrier transport. As a result, EPZPbBr4 simultaneously demonstrates high µτ product (1.8 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 ) and large resistivity (2.17 × 1010 Ω cm). The assembled X-ray detector achieves low dark current of 1.02 × 10-10 A cm-2 and high sensitivity of 1240 µC Gy-1 cm-2 under the same bias voltage. The realized specific detectivity (ratio of sensitivity to noise current density, 1.23 × 108 µC Gy-1 cm-1 A-1/2 ) is the highest among all reported perovskite X-ray detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengling Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xijuan Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fan Ye
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Mingquan Liao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shiyou Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Dong Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yinsheng Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xianghua Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Laboratoire des Verres et Céramiques, UMR-CNRS 6226, Sciences chimiques de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, 35042, France
| | - Kan-Hao Xue
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
- School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiangshui Miao
- School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jiang Tang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Guangda Niu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
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Miah MH, Khandaker MU, Aminul Islam M, Nur-E-Alam M, Osman H, Ullah MH. Perovskite materials in X-ray detection and imaging: recent progress, challenges, and future prospects. RSC Adv 2024; 14:6656-6698. [PMID: 38390503 PMCID: PMC10883145 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00433g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Perovskite materials have attracted significant attention as innovative and efficient X-ray detectors owing to their unique properties compared to traditional X-ray detectors. Herein, chronologically, we present an in-depth analysis of X-ray detection technologies employing organic-inorganic hybrids (OIHs), all-inorganic and lead-free perovskite material-based single crystals (SCs), thin/thick films and wafers. Particularly, this review systematically scrutinizes the advancement of the diverse synthesis methods, structural modifications, and device architectures exploited to enhance the radiation sensing performance. In addition, a critical analysis of the crucial factors affecting the performance of the devices is also provided. Our findings revealed that the improvement from single crystallization techniques dominated the film and wafer growth techniques. The probable reason for this is that SC-based devices display a lower trap density, higher resistivity, large carrier mobility and lifetime compared to film- and wafer-based devices. Ultimately, devices with SCs showed outstanding sensitivity and the lowest detectable dose rate (LDDR). These results are superior to some traditional X-ray detectors such as amorphous selenium and CZT. In addition, the limited performance of film-based devices is attributed to the defect formation in the bulk film, surfaces, and grain boundaries. However, wafer-based devices showed the worst performance because of the formation of voids, which impede the movement of charge carriers. We also observed that by performing structural modification, various research groups achieved high-performance devices together with stability. Finally, by fusing the findings from diverse research works, we provide a valuable resource for researchers in the field of X-ray detection, imaging and materials science. Ultimately, this review will serve as a roadmap for directing the difficulties associated with perovskite materials in X-ray detection and imaging, proposing insights into the recent status, challenges, and promising directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Helal Miah
- Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies Group, CCDCU, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University Bandar Sunway 47500 Selangor Malaysia
- Department of Physics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University Gopalganj 8100 Bangladesh
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies Group, CCDCU, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University Bandar Sunway 47500 Selangor Malaysia
- Faculty of Graduate Studies, Daffodil International University Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar Dhaka 1216 Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Aminul Islam
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Nur-E-Alam
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN Kajang 43000 Selangor Malaysia
- School of Science, Edith Cowan University 270 Joondalup Drive Joondalup-6027 WA Australia
| | - Hamid Osman
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University 21944 Taif Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Habib Ullah
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, American International University-Bangladesh 408/1, Kuratoli, Khilkhet Dhaka 1229 Bangladesh
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8
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Nanayakkara MPA, He Q, Ruseckas A, Karalasingam A, Matjacic L, Masteghin MG, Basiricò L, Fratelli I, Ciavatti A, Kilbride RC, Jenatsch S, Parnell AJ, Fraboni B, Nisbet A, Heeney M, Jayawardena KDGI, Silva SRP. Tissue Equivalent Curved Organic X-ray Detectors Utilizing High Atomic Number Polythiophene Analogues. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304261. [PMID: 37916896 PMCID: PMC10724441 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors are a promising material candidate for X-ray detection. However, the low atomic number (Z) of organic semiconductors leads to poor X-ray absorption thus restricting their performance. Herein, the authors propose a new strategy for achieving high-sensitivity performance for X-ray detectors based on organic semiconductors modified with high -Z heteroatoms. X-ray detectors are fabricated with p-type organic semiconductors containing selenium heteroatoms (poly(3-hexyl)selenophene (P3HSe)) in blends with an n-type fullerene derivative ([6,6]-Phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC70 BM). When characterized under 70, 100, 150, and 220 kVp X-ray radiation, these heteroatom-containing detectors displayed a superior performance in terms of sensitivity up to 600 ± 11 nC Gy-1 cm-2 with respect to the bismuth oxide (Bi2 O3 ) nanoparticle (NP) sensitized organic detectors. Despite the lower Z of selenium compared to the NPs typically used, the authors identify a more efficient generation of electron-hole pairs, better charge transfer, and charge transport characteristics in heteroatom-incorporated detectors that result in this breakthrough detector performance. The authors also demonstrate flexible X-ray detectors that can be curved to a radius as low as 2 mm with low deviation in X-ray response under 100 repeated bending cycles while maintaining an industry-standard ultra-low dark current of 0.03 ± 0.01 pA mm-2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Prabodhi A. Nanayakkara
- Advanced Technology Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyGU2 7XHUK
| | - Qiao He
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable ElectronicsImperial College London, White City CampusLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Arvydas Ruseckas
- School of Physics & AstronomyUniversity of St AndrewsPhysical Science Building, North HaughSt AndrewsUK
| | | | | | - Mateus G. Masteghin
- Advanced Technology Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyGU2 7XHUK
| | - Laura Basiricò
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of BolognaViale Berti Pichat 6/2Bologna40127Italy
- National Institute for Nuclear PhysicsINFN Section of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Ilaria Fratelli
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of BolognaViale Berti Pichat 6/2Bologna40127Italy
- National Institute for Nuclear PhysicsINFN Section of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Andrea Ciavatti
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of BolognaViale Berti Pichat 6/2Bologna40127Italy
- National Institute for Nuclear PhysicsINFN Section of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Rachel C. Kilbride
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldDainton BuildingSheffieldS3 7HFUK
| | | | - Andrew J. Parnell
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of SheffieldHicks BuildingSheffieldS3 7RHUK
| | - Beatrice Fraboni
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of BolognaViale Berti Pichat 6/2Bologna40127Italy
- National Institute for Nuclear PhysicsINFN Section of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Andrew Nisbet
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonGower St, BloomsburyLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable ElectronicsImperial College London, White City CampusLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - K. D. G. Imalka Jayawardena
- Advanced Technology Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyGU2 7XHUK
| | - S. Ravi P. Silva
- Advanced Technology Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyGU2 7XHUK
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9
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Zhao X, Zhao Z, Chai Y, Ding Y, Li X, Yan Z, Zhang X, Yuan G, Liu J. Macroscopic Piezoelectricity of Halide Perovskite Single Crystals and Their Highly Sensitive Self-Powered X-ray Detectors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:48375-48381. [PMID: 37801813 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The FAxMA1-xPbI3 single crystal has excellent semiconductor photoelectric performance and good stability; however, there have been conflicting opinions regarding its macroscopic piezoelectricity. Here, the FAxMA1-xPbI3 (x = 0-0.1) single crystals (FAx SCs) exhibit a high macroscopic piezoelectric d33 coefficient of over 10 pC/N. The single crystal transforms from a tetragonal ferroelectric phase to a cubic paraelectric phase at x = 0.1-0.125. Furthermore, the fully polarized MAPbI3 and FA0.05 SCs were applied to prepare self-powered X-ray detectors with vertical structures. The sensitivity of the detector reaches 5.1 × 104 μC·Gy-1·cm-2 under a 0 V bias voltage, and its detection limit is as low as 50 nGy/s. This work provides an approach to designing self-powered and high-quality detectors with piezoelectric semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Zhao
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Zeen Zhao
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yingjun Chai
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yecheng Ding
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Zhibo Yan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xinping Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Guoliang Yuan
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Junming Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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10
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Zhang Y, Yan Y, Mi J, Wang S, Wang M, Guo G. Bottom-Up Photosynthesis of an Air-Stable Radical Semiconductor Showing Photoconductivity to Full Solar Spectrum and X-Ray. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302978. [PMID: 37541668 PMCID: PMC10558663 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Single-component semiconductors with photoresponse to full solar spectrum are highly desirable to simplify the device structure of commercial photodetectors and to improve solar conversion or photocatalytic efficiency but remain scarce. This work reports bottom-up photosynthesis of an air-stable radical semiconductor using BiI3 and a photochromism-active benzidine derivative as a photosensitive functional motif. This semiconductor shows photoconductivity to full solar spectrum contributed by radical and non-radical forms of the benzidine derivative. It has also the potential to detect X-rays because of strong X-ray absorption coefficient. This finding opens up a new synthetic method for radical semiconductors and may find applications on extending photoresponsive ranges of perovskites, transition metal sulfides, and other materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- College of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhouFujian350108P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhouFujian350608P. R. China
| | - Yun‐Fan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhouFujian350608P. R. China
| | - Jia‐Rong Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhouFujian350608P. R. China
| | - Shuai‐Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhouFujian350608P. R. China
| | - Ming‐Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhouFujian350608P. R. China
| | - Guo‐Cong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhouFujian350608P. R. China
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11
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Chu D, Jia B, Liu N, Zhang Y, Li X, Feng J, Pi J, Yang Z, Zhao G, Liu Y, Liu S(F, Park NG. Lattice engineering for stabilized black FAPbI 3 perovskite single crystals for high-resolution x-ray imaging at the lowest dose. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh2255. [PMID: 37647409 PMCID: PMC10468129 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh2255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Preliminary theoretical analyses indicate that lattice relaxation may be used to release lattice strain in the FAPbI3 perovskite to warrant both high x-ray detection performance and improved stability. Herein, we demonstrate stable black α-phase FAPbI3 single crystals (SCs) realized by lattice engineering via annealing in the ambient atmosphere. The engineered α-FAPbI3 SC detector shows almost all the best figures of merit including a high sensitivity of 4.15 × 105 μC Gyair-1 cm-2, a low detection limit of 1.1 nGyair s-1, a high resolution of 15.9 lp mm-1, and a short response time of 214 μs. We further demonstrate high-definition x-ray imaging at a dose rate below 10 nGyair s-1 on the FAPbI3 SC, indicating a minimal dose-area product of 0.048 mGyair cm2 to the patient for one-time posteroanterior chest diagnosis, which is more than 3000 times lower than the international reference level of 150 mGyair cm2. In addition, the robust long-term stability enables the FAPbI3 SC x-ray detector to work steadily for more than 40 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Depeng Chu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Binxia Jia
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Naiming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- School of Science, Xi’an University of Posts & Telecommunications, Xi’an 710121, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Jiangshan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Jiacheng Pi
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Guangtao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Yucheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Shengzhong (Frank) Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Nam-Gyu Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Center for Antibonding Regulated Crystals, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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12
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Falsini N, Ubaldini A, Cicconi F, Rizzo A, Vinattieri A, Bruzzi M. Halide Perovskites Films for Ionizing Radiation Detection: An Overview of Novel Solid-State Devices. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:4930. [PMID: 37430844 DOI: 10.3390/s23104930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites are a novel class of semiconductors that have attracted great interest in recent decades due to their peculiar properties of interest for optoelectronics. In fact, their use ranges from the field of sensors and light emitters to ionizing radiation detectors. Since 2015, ionizing radiation detectors exploiting perovskite films as active media have been developed. Recently, it has also been demonstrated that such devices can be suitable for medical and diagnostic applications. This review collects most of the recent and innovative publications regarding solid-state devices for the detection of X-rays, neutrons, and protons based on perovskite thin and thick films in order to show that this type of material can be used to design a new generation of devices and sensors. Thin and thick films of halide perovskites are indeed excellent candidates for low-cost and large-area device applications, where the film morphology allows the implementation on flexible devices, which is a cutting-edge topic in the sensor sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Falsini
- Nuclear Safety, Security and Sustainability Division, Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security Department, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Via Martiri di Monte Sole 4, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Alberto Ubaldini
- Nuclear Safety, Security and Sustainability Division, Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security Department, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Via Martiri di Monte Sole 4, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Flavio Cicconi
- Nuclear Safety, Security and Sustainability Division, Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security Department, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Via Martiri di Monte Sole 4, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonietta Rizzo
- Nuclear Safety, Security and Sustainability Division, Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security Department, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Via Martiri di Monte Sole 4, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Vinattieri
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare-INFN, Sezione di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Mara Bruzzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare-INFN, Sezione di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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13
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Wu W, Lu H, Han X, Wang C, Xu Z, Han ST, Pan C. Recent Progress on Wavelength-Selective Perovskite Photodetectors for Image Sensing. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201499. [PMID: 36811238 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Spectral sensing plays a crucial part in imaging technologies, optical communication, and other fields. However, complicated optical elements, such as prisms, interferometric filters, and diffraction grating, are required for commercial multispectral detectors, which hampers their advance toward miniaturization and integration. In recent years, metal halide perovskites have been emerging for optical-component-free wavelength-selective photodetectors (PDs) because of their continuously tunable bandgap, fascinating optoelectronic properties, and simple preparation processes. In this review, recent advances in wavelength-selective perovskite PDs, including narrowband PDs, dual-band PDs, multispectral-recognizable PDs, and X-ray PDs, are highlighted, with an emphasis on device structure designs, working mechanisms, and optoelectronic performances. Meanwhile, the applications of wavelength-selective PDs in image sensing for single-/dual-color imaging, full-color imaging, and X-ray imaging are introduced. Finally, the remaining challenges and perspectives in this emerging field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Wu
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Hui Lu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xun Han
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Chunfeng Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Zhangsheng Xu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Su-Ting Han
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Caofeng Pan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
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14
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Realizing nearly-zero dark current and ultrahigh signal-to-noise ratio perovskite X-ray detector and image array by dark-current-shunting strategy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:626. [PMID: 36746946 PMCID: PMC9902443 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36313-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although perovskite X-ray detectors have revealed promising properties, their dark currents are usually hundreds of times larger than the practical requirements. Here, we report a detector architecture with a unique shunting electrode working as a blanking unit to suppress dark current, and it theoretically can be reduced to zero. We experimentally fabricate the dark-current-shunting X-ray detector, which exhibits a record-low dark current of 51.1 fA at 5 V mm-1, a detection limit of 7.84 nGyair s-1, and a sensitivity of 1.3 × 104 μC Gyair-1 cm-2. The signal-to-noise ratio of our polycrystalline perovskite-based detector is even outperforming many previously reported state-of-the-art single crystal-based X-ray detectors by serval orders of magnitude. Finally, the proof-of-concept X-ray imaging of a 64 × 64 pixels dark-current-shunting detector array is successfully demonstrated. This work provides a device strategy to fundamentally reduce dark current and enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of X-ray detectors and photodetectors in general.
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15
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He X, Deng Y, Ouyang D, Zhang N, Wang J, Murthy AA, Spanopoulos I, Islam SM, Tu Q, Xing G, Li Y, Dravid VP, Zhai T. Recent Development of Halide Perovskite Materials and Devices for Ionizing Radiation Detection. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1207-1261. [PMID: 36728153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation such as X-rays and γ-rays has been extensively studied and used in various fields such as medical imaging, radiographic nondestructive testing, nuclear defense, homeland security, and scientific research. Therefore, the detection of such high-energy radiation with high-sensitivity and low-cost-based materials and devices is highly important and desirable. Halide perovskites have emerged as promising candidates for radiation detection due to the large light absorption coefficient, large resistivity, low leakage current, high mobility, and simplicity in synthesis and processing as compared with commercial silicon (Si) and amorphous selenium (a-Se). In this review, we provide an extensive overview of current progress in terms of materials development and corresponding device architectures for radiation detection. We discuss the properties of a plethora of reported compounds involving organic-inorganic hybrid, all-inorganic, all-organic perovskite and antiperovskite structures, as well as the continuous breakthroughs in device architectures, performance, and environmental stability. We focus on the critical advancements of the field in the past few years and we provide valuable insight for the development of next-generation materials and devices for radiation detection and imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu He
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Decai Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Akshay A Murthy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE) Center, International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN), and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois60208, United States
| | - Ioannis Spanopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida33620, United States
| | - Saiful M Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Physics, and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi39217, United States
| | - Qing Tu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas77840, United States
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao, SAR999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE) Center, International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN), and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois60208, United States
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, People's Republic of China
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16
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Xin D, Zhang M, Fan Z, Yang N, Yuan R, Cai B, Yu P, Zhu J, Zheng X. A-Site Cation Engineering of Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskites for Stable, Sensitive, and Portable Direct Conversion X-ray Imaging Detectors. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11928-11935. [PMID: 36533964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite flat-panel X-ray detectors are promising products for realizing low-dose medical imaging, a nondestructive test, and security inspection. However, the perovskite X-ray imager still faces intractable problems such as severe baseline drift, a low signal-to-noise ratio, and rapid performance degradation, which were involved by the notorious intrinsic ion migration of the perovskite functional layer. In this work, sensitive, stable, and portable pixel quasi-two-dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) perovskite X-ray imagers were obtained by an advanced solvent-free laminated fabrication approach. A-Site cation engineering of RP perovskites provides a hint for solving the trade-off between stability and detection performance, resulting in a stable pixel X-ray imager that shows a sensitivity of ∼7000 μC Gyair-1 cm-2, a detection limit of 7.8 nGyair s-1, and good 2D multipixel X-ray imaging. This work demonstrates both a high-performance, stable X-ray imager and its robust fabrication, paving the way for adopting a RP perovskite imager as novel flat-panel X-ray detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Xin
- Department of Materials Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu610064, China
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang621900, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang621900, China
- College of Optoelectronic Technology, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu610225, China
| | - Zhenghui Fan
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang621900, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang621900, China
| | - Ruihan Yuan
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang621900, China
| | - Bing Cai
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang621900, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Department of Materials Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu610064, China
| | - Jianguo Zhu
- Department of Materials Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu610064, China
| | - Xiaojia Zheng
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang621900, China
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17
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Xiao Y, Xue C, Wang X, Liu Y, Yang Z, Liu S. Bulk Heterostructure BA 2PbI 4/MAPbI 3 Perovskites for Suppressed Ion Migration To Achieve Sensitive X-ray Detection Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:54867-54875. [PMID: 36449273 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) lead-halide perovskites with outstanding mobility-lifetime products and large attenuation coefficients for X-ray photons have demonstrated highly sensitive X-ray detection. However, there exists severe ion migration, especially under electrical bias, that results in dark-current drift and poorer device stability. Theoretical analyses suggest that 3D perovskites with two-dimensional (2D) perovskites may mitigate ion migration and reduce the dark current to achieve a drastically lower detection limit, which is badly needed for X-ray diagnostics. A bulk 2D/3D perovskite heterostructure is therefore designed and prepared by hot-pressing a mixture of BA2PbI4 and MAPbI3 particles. Compared with the pure MAPbI3 pellet, the bulk 2D/3D heterostructure pellet shows much higher resistivity, hence, significantly reduced ion migration and a much smaller dark-current drift of 4.84 × 10-5 nA cm-1 s-1 V-1, which is much lower than that of the pristine MAPbI3 pellet, thus demonstrating its effectiveness for the suppression of ion migration. The bulk 2D/3D heterostructure pellet attains an X-ray sensitivity of 2.0 × 103 μC Gyair-1 cm-2 as well as a lower detection limit of 111.76 nGy s-1 under 10 V bias. This work provides a successful strategy to prepare X-ray detectors with suppressed ion migration and negligible dark current drift, which will further benefit the development of lead-halide perovskite X-ray detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingrui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology; Institute for Advanced Energy Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an710119, China
| | - Chengzhi Xue
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology; Institute for Advanced Energy Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an710119, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology; Institute for Advanced Energy Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an710119, China
| | - Yucheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology; Institute for Advanced Energy Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an710119, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology; Institute for Advanced Energy Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an710119, China
| | - Shengzhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology; Institute for Advanced Energy Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an710119, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian116023, China
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18
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Wu Y, Feng J, Yang Z, Liu Y, Liu S(F. Halide Perovskite: A Promising Candidate for Next-Generation X-Ray Detectors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 10:e2205536. [PMID: 36453564 PMCID: PMC9811474 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, metal halide perovskite (HP) has become a superstar semiconductor material due to its great application potential in the photovoltaic and photoelectric fields. In fact, HP initially attracted worldwide attention because of its excellent photovoltaic efficiency. However, HP and its derivatives also show great promise in X-ray detection due to their strong X-ray absorption, high bulk resistivity, suitable optical bandgap, and compatibility with integrated circuits. In this review, the basic working principles and modes of both the direct-type and the indirect-type X-ray detectors are first summarized before discussing the applicability of HP for these two types of detection based on the pros and cons of different perovskites. Furthermore, the authors expand their view to different preparation methods developed for HP including single crystals and polycrystalline materials. Upon systematically analyzing their potential for X-ray detection and photoelectronic characteristics on the basis of different structures and dimensions (0D, 2D, and 3D), recent progress of HPs (mainly polycrystalline) applied to flexible X-ray detection are reviewed, and their practicability and feasibility are discussed. Finally, by reviewing the current research on HP-based X-ray detection, the challenges in this field are identified, and the main directions and prospects of future research are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXi'an Shiyou UniversityXi'an710065China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryNational Ministry of EducationShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119China
| | - Jiangshan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryNational Ministry of EducationShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryNational Ministry of EducationShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119China
| | - Yucheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryNational Ministry of EducationShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119China
| | - Shengzhong (Frank) Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryNational Ministry of EducationShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119China
- State Key Laboratory of CatalysisDalian National Laboratory for Clean EnergyDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian116023China
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19
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Zhao S, Du X, Pang J, Wu H, Song Z, Zheng Z, Xu L, Tang J, Niu G. Dark current modeling of thick perovskite X-ray detectors. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2022; 15:43. [PMID: 36637550 PMCID: PMC9756221 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-022-00044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have demonstrated excellent performances in detection of X-rays and gamma-rays. Most studies focus on improving the sensitivity of single-pixel MHP detectors. However, little work pays attention to the dark current, which is crucial for the back-end circuit integration. Herein, the requirement of dark current is quantitatively evaluated as low as 10-9 A/cm2 for X-ray imagers integrated on pixel circuits. Moreover, through the semiconductor device analysis and simulation, we reveal that the main current compositions of thick perovskite X-ray detectors are the thermionic-emission current (JT) and the generation-recombination current (Jg-r). The typical observed failures of p-n junctions in thick detectors are caused by the high generation-recombination current due to the band mismatch and interface defects. This work provides a deep insight into the design of high sensitivity and low dark current perovskite X-ray detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xinyuan Du
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jincong Pang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Haodi Wu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zihao Song
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhiping Zheng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Optical Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Optical Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jiang Tang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Optical Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Guangda Niu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Optical Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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20
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Guo J, Chen S, Xu Y, Li F, Jie W, Zhu M. Oriented preparation of Large-Area uniform Cs 2TeI 6 perovskite film for high performance X-ray detector. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 624:629-636. [PMID: 35691229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Large-area flexible perovskite films are attracting widespread research interest for applications in wearable solar cells, portable photodetectors, bendable X-ray imaging detectors and other implantable optoelectronic devices. In this work, a facile mobile platform assisted electrospray method is developed to prepare large-area (100 cm2) lead-free Cs2TeI6 film on flexible polyimide substrate. The spraying parameters are coupled with the growth temperature to achieve a dynamic balance. The as-prepared film by optimized process shows high uniformity in grain size, thickness and X-ray response without pinholes and cracks. Moreover, oriented nucleation is more likely to occur on the flexible organic substrates for less growth stress and mismatch stress, leading to preferred (222) plane orientation. X-ray detectors prepared with the films exhibit a resistivity of 1.9 × 1011 Ω·cm, an X-ray sensitivity of 226.8 μC⋅Gyair-1⋅cm-2 and a transient response rise time as fast as 42 ms under 50 kV X-ray at an electrical field of 6.67 × 103 V·mm-1. The modified electrospray method shows great potential applications for large-area devices of radiography, solar cell and other optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Key Laboratory of Radiation Detection Materials and Devices, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Sixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Key Laboratory of Radiation Detection Materials and Devices, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yadong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Key Laboratory of Radiation Detection Materials and Devices, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Fangpei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Key Laboratory of Radiation Detection Materials and Devices, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Wanqi Jie
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Key Laboratory of Radiation Detection Materials and Devices, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Menghua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Key Laboratory of Radiation Detection Materials and Devices, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
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21
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Jin P, Tang Y, Xu X, Ran P, Wang Y, Tian Y, Huang Y, Zhu B, Yang YM. Solution-Processed Perovskite/Metal-Oxide Hybrid X-Ray Detector and Array with Decoupled Electronic and Ionic Transport Pathways. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200500. [PMID: 35754169 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites possess heavy elements and excellent mobility-lifetime (µτ) product, becoming desirable candidates for X-ray detectors. However, current perovskite photoconduction detectors (PCDs) with vertical geometry, where electronic signals and mobile ions share the same conduction path, are facing with extremely challenging ion-migration issue. Herein, a hybrid X-ray detector device structure, in which perovskite is vertically stacked onto an indium oxide (In2 O3 ) transistor with lateral transport geometry is designed, perovskite mainly acts as X-ray sensitizer to activate In2 O3 conduction channel, the actual electrical signal is conducted and collected in the lateral metal-oxide device. With the decoupled ionic and electronic transportation, hybrid detectors are insensitive to the ionic motion of perovskite, hence demonstrating no hysteresis and almost no shifting of baseline that are often observed in PCDs, hybrid detectors also exhibit reduced dark current, improved response time, and four times higher photocurrent signals. Finally, array integration of hybrid detectors and preliminary X-ray imaging is realized. The work provides an effective device strategy in addition to the mere material alternations to attain high-performance perovskite-based X-ray detectors and arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, China
| | - Yingjie Tang
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, China
| | - Xuehui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, China
| | - Peng Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, China
| | - Yue Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, China
| | - Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, China
- Science and Technology Industrial Park, Xidian Wuhu Research Institute, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Bowen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
| | - Yang Michael Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, China
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22
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Peng J, Xu Y, Yao F, Lin Q. Thick-junction perovskite X-ray detectors: processing and optoelectronic considerations. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:9636-9647. [PMID: 35790163 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01643e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites have attracted increasing attention due to their strong stopping power, defect tolerance, large mobility lifetime product, tunable bandgap and simple single-crystal growth via low-cost solution processes, particularly for ionizing radiation detection. Over the past few years, semiconductor-type X-ray detectors based on a variety of perovskites have been developed, showing impressive progress in achieving high sensitivity and low detection limits. In this study, based on the requirement of material properties for high-performance X-ray detectors, we review various materials used for direct detection and summarize the processing techniques and optoelectronic considerations of thick-junction perovskite X-ray detectors. This review also highlights the key challenges facing perovskite X-ray detectors towards real applications and discusses the opportunities, which are promising to explore and may require more research activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Peng
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Yalun Xu
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Fang Yao
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Qianqian Lin
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
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23
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Li L, Fang Y, Yang D. Interlayer-Assisted Growth of Si-Based All-Inorganic Perovskite Films via Chemical Vapor Deposition for Sensitive and Stable X-ray Detection. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:5441-5450. [PMID: 35679535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
All-inorganic perovskites are considered as preferred materials for next-generation X-ray detectors. However, preparing high-quality thick films by traditional solution-based methods remains challenging due to the low solubility of the precursors. In this work, chemical vapor deposition technology is employed to grow Si-based all-inorganic cesium-lead-bromide perovskite thick films. By introducing a SnO2 nanocrystal interlayer onto the Si substrate to facilitate the heterogeneous nucleation of the perovskite, we are able to grow high-quality films with a smooth surface and compact grains at a relatively low substrate temperature of 260 °C. The resultant X-ray detectors exhibit a decent sensitivity of 2930 μC Gyair-1 cm-2, a small dark current density of 1.5 nA cm-2, and a low detection limit of 120 nGyair s-1. Moreover, the devices show excellent biasing stability with a record small baseline drift of 4.6 × 10-9 nA cm-1 s-1 V-1 under a large electric field of 1100 V/cm among all perovskite polycrystalline film-based detectors ever reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Deren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
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24
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Liu L, Li W, Feng X, Guo C, Zhang H, Wei H, Yang B. Energy Transfer Assisted Fast X-ray Detection in Direct/Indirect Hybrid Perovskite Wafer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103735. [PMID: 35319817 PMCID: PMC9130882 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskite scintillators encounter unprecedented opportunities in indirect ionizing radiation detection due to their high quantum yields. However, the long scintillation lifetime of microseconds upon irradiation, known as the afterglow phenomenon, obviously limits their fast development. Here, a new type of hybrid X-ray detector wafer combining direct methylamine lead iodide (MAPbI3 ) semiconductor and indirect zero-dimensional cesium copper iodide (Cs3 Cu2 I5 ) scintillator through low-cost fast tableting processes is reported. Due to the fast energy transfer from Cs3 Cu2 I5 to MAPbI3 , the device response time to X-rays is dramatically reduced by nearly 30 times to 36.6 ns, which enables fast X-ray detection capability by a large area detector arrays within 1 s. Moreover, Cs3 Cu2 I5 exists at the grain boundaries of MAPbI3 crystals, and blocks the paths of mobile ions of perovskite, leading to the lowest detectable dose rate of hybrid X-ray detector is thus reduced by 1.5 times compared with control MAPbI3 direct-type semiconductor, and 10 times compared with the Cs3 Cu2 I5 indirect-type scintillator. The direct/indirect hybrid wafer also exhibits improved operation stability at ambient conditions without any encapsulation. This new kind of hybrid X-ray detectors provides strong competitiveness by combining the advantages of both direct perovskite semiconductors and indirect perovskite scintillators for next-generation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Weijun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Chunjie Guo
- Department of RadiologyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun130061P. R. China
| | - Huimao Zhang
- Department of RadiologyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun130061P. R. China
| | - Haotong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
- Optical Functional Theranostics Joint Laboratory of Medicine and ChemistryThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
- Optical Functional Theranostics Joint Laboratory of Medicine and ChemistryThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
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25
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Chaudhari R, Kant CR, Garg A. Polymer-BiI 3 composites for high-performance, room-temperature, direct X-ray detectors. MRS COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 12:358-364. [PMID: 35492383 PMCID: PMC9030686 DOI: 10.1557/s43579-022-00185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Low-energy X-rays have a predominant role in medical diagnostic applications, grown tremendously during recent Covid-19 pandemic times. Synthesis of stable, PMMA/polystyrene-BiI3 composites has been done through a facile, low-cost, dry-tumble mixing technique for direct X-ray detector applications. Comparative analysis of structural, optical, and photocurrent responses upon irradiation with low-energy X-rays (30 and 60 kV) ensue that PS-BiI3 demonstrates high SNR 3300, sensitivity 189 µC Gy-1 cm-3 and fast response time 30 ms, at dose rate 1.68 mGy s-1, affirming the composite to be prospective candidate for low-energy, room-temperature, direct X-ray detectors under low bias conditions. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1557/s43579-022-00185-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Chaudhari
- Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities, Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University for Women, Kashmere Gate, Delhi, 110006 India
| | - Chhaya Ravi Kant
- Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities, Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University for Women, Kashmere Gate, Delhi, 110006 India
| | - Alka Garg
- Gargi College, University of Delhi, Siri Fort Road, New Delhi, 110049 India
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26
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Zhao X, Wang S, Zhuge F, Song Y, Aoki T, Dong W, Fu M, Meng G, Deng Z, Tao R, Fang X. High-Performance Planar-Type Photodetector Based on Hot-Pressed CsPbBr 3 Wafer. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:3008-3015. [PMID: 35348323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Considering the disadvantages of the common methods for CsPbBr3 single crystal growth including the high cost of the melt method and the low shape controllability of the solution method, a facile hot-pressed (HP) approach has been introduced to prepare CsPbBr3 wafers. The effects of HP temperature on the phase purity of HP-CsPbBr3 wafers and the performance of the corresponding photodetectors have been investigated. The HP temperature for preparing phase-pure, shape-regular, and dense CsPbBr3 wafers has been optimized to be 150 °C, and the HP-CsPbBr3 wafer based planar-type photodetectors exhibit an ultrasensitive weak light photoresponse. Under the illumination of a 530 nm LED with a light power density of 1.1 μW cm-2, the responsivity, external quantum efficiency, and detectivity of the devices reach 19.79 A W-1, 4634%, and 2.14 × 1013 Jones, respectively, and a fast response speed with a rise time of 40.5 μs and a fall time of 10.0 μs has been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, and Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Shimao Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, and Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuwei Zhuge
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Song
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, and Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Toru Aoki
- Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8011, Japan
| | - Weiwei Dong
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyu Fu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, and Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Meng
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, and Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, People's Republic of China
| | - Zanhong Deng
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, and Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruhua Tao
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, and Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Fang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, and Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, People's Republic of China
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27
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Li M, Li H, Li W, Li B, Lu T, Feng X, Guo C, Zhang H, Wei H, Yang B. Oriented 2D Perovskite Wafers for Anisotropic X-ray Detection through a Fast Tableting Strategy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108020. [PMID: 34865244 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
2D perovskite single crystals have emerged as excellent optoelectronic materials owing to their unique anisotropic properties. However, growing large 2D perovskite single crystals remains challenging and time-consuming. Here, a new composition of lead-free 2D perovskite-4-fluorophenethylammonium bismuth iodide [(F-PEA)3 BiI6 ] is reported. An oriented bulk 2D wafer with a large area of 1.33 cm2 is obtained by tableting disordered 2D perovskite powders, resulting in anisotropic resistivities of 5 × 1010 and 2 × 1011 Ω cm in the lateral and vertical directions, respectively. Trivalent Bi3+ ions are employed to achieve a stronger ionic bonding energy with I- ions, which intrinsically suppress the ion-migration effect. Thus, the oriented wafer presents good capabilities in both charge collection and ion-migration suppression under a large applied bias along the out-of-plane direction, making it suitable for low-dosage X-ray detection. The large-area wafer shows a sensitive response to hard X-rays operated at a tube voltage of 120 kVp with the lowest detectable dose rate of 30 nGy s-1 . Thus, the fast tableting process is a facile and effective strategy to synthesize large-area, oriented 2D wafers, showing excellent X-ray detection performance and operational stability that are comparable to those of 2D perovskite single crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingbian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Huayang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Weijun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Bao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Tong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Chunjie Guo
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Huimao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Haotong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- Optical Functional Theragnostic Joint Laboratory of Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- Optical Functional Theragnostic Joint Laboratory of Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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28
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Shen YZ, Guan J, Ma C, Shu Y, Xu Q, Hu XY. Competitive Displacement Triggering DBP Photoelectrochemical Aptasensor via Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide Bridging Aptamer and Perovskite. Anal Chem 2022; 94:1742-1751. [PMID: 35026109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Here, a label-free perovskite-based photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensor was rationally designed for the displacement assay of dibutyl phthalate (DBP), a well-known endocrine disruptor, with the aid of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). In this method, CTAB significantly enhanced the PEC response and humidity resistance of the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite by forming a protecting layer and passivating the X- and A-sites vacancies of CH3NH3PbI3. In addition, CTAB facilitated the immobilization of an aptamer through van der Waals and hydrophobicity forces, as well as the electrostatic interactions between the phosphate group of the aptamer and the cationic group of CTAB. When exposed to DBP in the affinity solution, the DBP aptamer was released from the electrode because the affinity between DBP and its aptamer competes with the interaction of the aptamer and CTAB. The displacement of the aptamer from the perovskite surface relieves the block effect and thus enhances the photoelectric signal of perovskite. By virtue of the good photoelectrochemical characters of CH3NH3PbI3 and the specific recognition ability of aptamer, the linear range of the PEC sensor was 1.0 × 10-13 to 1.0 × 10-8 M and the detection and quantification limits were down to 2.5 × 10-14 and 8.2 × 10-14 M (S/N = 3), respectively. This work offers a novel strategy for designing aptasensors for the detection of various targets and exhibits the marvelous potential of organic-inorganic perovskite in the field of PEC analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Zhuo Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Jie Guan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Chen Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Yun Shu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Qin Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
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29
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Xin D, Dong S, Zhang M, Tie S, Ren J, Lei L, Yu P, Zhu J, Zhao Y, Zheng X. Nucleation Engineering in Sprayed MA 3Bi 2I 9 Films for Direct-Conversion X-ray Detectors. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:371-377. [PMID: 34985294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskite and its derivatives show great promise in X-ray detection. However, large-scale fabrication of high-quality thick perovskite films is still full of challenges due to the complicated crystal nucleation process that always introduces lots of cracks or pinholes in the final perovskite film. Here, a MA3Bi2I9 film was fabricated by the cost-effective, scalable spraying process, and MACl was used as an additive to effectively tune the crystallization process. As a result, a dense MA3Bi2I9 film constituted by large grains was obtained, which has a high carrier mobility of ∼1 cm2 V-1 s-1 and a large activation energy (Ea) for ion migration of 0.91 eV. Thanks to the outstanding optoelectronic characteristics, X-ray detectors with a configuration of ITO/MA3Bi2I9/Au show a sensitivity of 35 μC Gyair-1 cm-2 and a limit of detection (LoD) of 0.14 μGyairs-1, which is outstanding compared with commercial α-Se detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Xin
- Department of Materials Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Sichuan Research Center of New Materials, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, 596 Yinhe Road, Shuangliu, Chengdu 610200, China
| | - Siyin Dong
- Sichuan Research Center of New Materials, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, 596 Yinhe Road, Shuangliu, Chengdu 610200, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Sichuan Research Center of New Materials, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, 596 Yinhe Road, Shuangliu, Chengdu 610200, China
| | - Shujie Tie
- Department of Materials Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Sichuan Research Center of New Materials, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, 596 Yinhe Road, Shuangliu, Chengdu 610200, China
| | - Jiwei Ren
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Jiangyou 621908, China
| | - Lin Lei
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Jiangyou 621908, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Department of Materials Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jianguo Zhu
- Department of Materials Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yiying Zhao
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Jiangyou 621908, China
| | - Xiaojia Zheng
- Sichuan Research Center of New Materials, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, 596 Yinhe Road, Shuangliu, Chengdu 610200, China
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30
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Wang Y, Lou H, Yue CY, Lei XW. Applications of Halide Perovskites in X-ray Detection and Imaging. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01575c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
X-ray detection plays an extremely significant function in medical diagnosis, nondestructive testing, safety testing, scientific research, environmental monitoring and other practical applications. However, conventional inorganic semiconductors such as amorphous selenium,...
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31
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Li C, Zhou S, Nie J, Huang J, Ouyang X, Xu Q. Durable Flexible Polymer-Encapsulated Cs 4PbI 6 Thin Film for High Sensitivity X-ray Detection. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:10279-10283. [PMID: 34851648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Because of the extraordinary properties including high atomic numbers and large μτ products, metal halide perovskites have been widely employed and used for radiation detecting. Cs4PbI6 material has a high X-ray attenuation coefficient and excellent electrical properties that have a good potential in X-ray detection applications. Here, we have designed a flexible polymer-encapsulated Au/Cs4PbI6/Au X-ray detector with outstanding sensitivity of 256.20 μC Gy-1 cm-2 irradiated by 30 keV X-ray at 10 V bias, long-time stability, and durable flexibility without obvious degradation after bending for 600 cycles. These features demonstrate that this polymer-encapsulated durable flexible and sensitive X-ray detector could open a new possibility for next-generation radiation applications in dosimeter, imaging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Xiaoping Ouyang
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Controllable Neutron Source, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an 710024, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
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32
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Xu X, Qian W, Wang J, Yang J, Chen J, Xiao S, Ge Y, Yang S. Sequential Growth of 2D/3D Double-Layer Perovskite Films with Superior X-Ray Detection Performance. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102730. [PMID: 34495577 PMCID: PMC8564448 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite materials in different dimensions show great potential in direct X-ray detection, but each with limitations stemming from its own intrinsic properties. Particularly, the sensitivity of two-dimensional (2D) perovskites is limited by poor carrier transport while ion migration in three-dimensional (3D) perovskites causes the baseline drifting problem. To circumvent these limitations, herein a double-layer perovskite film is developed with properly aligned energy level, where 2D (PEA)2 MA3 Pb4 I13 (PEA=2-phenylethylammonium, MA=methylammonium) is cascaded with vertically crystallized 3D MAPbI3 . In this new design paradigm, the 3D layer ensures fast carrier transport while the 2D layer mitigates ion migration, thus offering a high sensitivity and a greatly stabilized baseline. Besides, the 2D layer increases the film resistivity and enlarges the energy barrier for hole injection without compromising carrier extraction. Consequently, the double-layer perovskite detector delivers a high sensitivity (1.95 × 104 μC Gyair -1 cm-2 ) and a low detection limit (480 nGyair s-1 ). Also demonstrated is the X-ray imaging capacity using a circuit board as the object. This work opens up a new avenue for enhancing X-ray detection performance via cascade assembly of various perovskites with complementary properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Xu
- Guangdong Key Lab of Nano‐Micro Material ResearchSchool of Chemical Biology and BiotechnologyShenzhen Graduate SchoolPeking UniversityShenzhen518055China
| | - Wei Qian
- Guangdong Key Lab of Nano‐Micro Material ResearchSchool of Chemical Biology and BiotechnologyShenzhen Graduate SchoolPeking UniversityShenzhen518055China
| | - Jian Wang
- Guangdong Key Lab of Nano‐Micro Material ResearchSchool of Chemical Biology and BiotechnologyShenzhen Graduate SchoolPeking UniversityShenzhen518055China
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringShenzhen Bay LaboratoryShenzhen518055China
| | - Jiecheng Yang
- Research Center for Medical Artificial IntelligenceShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical ImagingShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China
| | - Jianwei Chen
- Research Center for Medical Artificial IntelligenceShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical ImagingShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China
| | - Shuang Xiao
- Guangdong Key Lab of Nano‐Micro Material ResearchSchool of Chemical Biology and BiotechnologyShenzhen Graduate SchoolPeking UniversityShenzhen518055China
| | - Yongshuai Ge
- Research Center for Medical Artificial IntelligenceShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical ImagingShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China
| | - Shihe Yang
- Guangdong Key Lab of Nano‐Micro Material ResearchSchool of Chemical Biology and BiotechnologyShenzhen Graduate SchoolPeking UniversityShenzhen518055China
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringShenzhen Bay LaboratoryShenzhen518055China
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33
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Determination of X-ray detection limit and applications in perovskite X-ray detectors. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5258. [PMID: 34489444 PMCID: PMC8421435 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25648-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray detection limit and sensitivity are important figure of merits for perovskite X-ray detectors, but literatures lack a valid mathematic expression for determining the lower limit of detection for a perovskite X-ray detector. In this work, we present a thorough analysis and new method for X-ray detection limit determination based on a statistical model that correlates the dark current and the X-ray induced photocurrent with the detection limit. The detection limit can be calculated through the measurement of dark current and sensitivity with an easy-to-follow practice. Alternatively, the detection limit may also be obtained by the measurement of dark current and photocurrent when repeatedly lowering the X-ray dose rate. While the material quality is critical, we show that the device architecture and working mode also have a significant influence on the sensitivity and the detection limit. Our work establishes a fair comparison metrics for material and detector development.
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34
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Zhang M, Zhao W, Xin D, Lei L, Long J, Zhao Y, Zhu J, Zheng X, Chen Q, Zhang WH. Solvent Free Laminated Fabrication of Lead Halide Perovskites for Sensitive and Stable X-ray Detection. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:6961-6966. [PMID: 34283605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The halide perovskite X-ray detector can meet the urgent needs of low-dose medical imaging by X-rays. However, there is still a pressing challenge in lacking robust methods for large-scale fabrication of high-quality perovskite films with tunable thickness. Here we report a laminated fabrication of polycrystalline MAPbI3 by using solvent-free liquid perovskite molten-salt (PMS), that offers reduced toxic issue, scalable fabrication, and highly tunability in film thickness. Nylon membrane was chosen as a scaffold for the infiltration of PMS, which simultaneously acts as a physical barrier to suppress the ionic migration in the MAPbI3-nylon composite (denoted as MAPbI3-LLP). The enhanced material properties result in good stability and high performance of X-ray detectors that show low detection limit and high sensitivity. Additionally, single gamma-ray photon detection was realized by MAPbI3-LLP detectors. The promising performance characteristics of such polycrystalline detectors can accelerate the adoption of polycrystalline perovskites in X-ray imaging and gamma-ray detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Sichuan Research Center of New Materials, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Chengdu 610200, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Deyu Xin
- Sichuan Research Center of New Materials, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Chengdu 610200, China
- Department of Materials Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Lin Lei
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Jiangyou 621908, China
| | - Jidong Long
- Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Yiying Zhao
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Jiangyou 621908, China
| | - Jianguo Zhu
- Department of Materials Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiaojia Zheng
- Sichuan Research Center of New Materials, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Chengdu 610200, China
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wen-Hua Zhang
- Sichuan Research Center of New Materials, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Chengdu 610200, China
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35
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Xu Q, Li C, Nie J, Guo Y, Wang X, Zhang B, Ouyang X. Highly Sensitive and Stable X-ray Detector Based on a 0D Structural Cs 4PbI 6 Single Crystal. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:287-293. [PMID: 33337893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite single crystals with a high X-ray stopping power and large μτ product have been successfully used for X-ray detection. However, poor air stability and ionic migration lead to the degradation of the devices for long-term operations. Here, we report a solution-processed lead 0D bulk Cs4PbI6 single crystal, which have I atoms in isolated [PbI6]4-. This 0D Cs4PbI6 single crystal has a μτ product of 9.7 × 10-4 cm2 V-1 and an activation energy of 321.28 meV. We have fabricated a photoconductor device with a symmetric Au/Cs4PbI6/Au sandwich structure, which exhibits a high sensitivity of 451.49 μC Gy-1 cm-2 under 30 keV X-ray irradiation at an applied voltage of 30 V. After storing the device in air at room temperature for three months, the device retains nearly the same sensitivity as the original. These results demonstrate that this 0D Cs4PbI6 perovskite single crystal has great potential for practical X-ray detection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xu
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Bohao Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Xiaoping Ouyang
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Controllable Neutron Source, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an 710024, China
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36
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Wei S, Yang M, Sun H, Li F, Xiao F, Zou J, Ren A, Huang Y, Xiong Z, Yuan L, Xu H, Zeng T, Wu J, Wang ZM. Single Crystal CdSe X-ray Detectors with Ultra-High Sensitivity and Low Detection Limit. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:56126-56134. [PMID: 33241683 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
CdSe single crystals (SCs), with a relatively high atomic number, large X-ray absorption coefficients, and high carrier mobility, are expected to provide high-performance detection for X-ray. However, the difficulty of growing high-quality CdSe SC has severely limited its application in X-ray detection. In this work, we develop an unconstrained physical gas phase method and in situ annealing process to grow high-quality CdSe SCs under unconstrained conditions. Using this method, CdSe SCs exhibit natural exposure planes, ultrahigh resistivity of 5.43 × 1012 to 1.29 × 1013 Ω cm and high μτ product of 1.3 × 10-2 to 1.5 × 10-2 cm2 V-1. It is also observed that CdSe SC X-ray detectors exhibit a record sensitivity of 2.08 × 105 μC Gyair-1 cm-2 and a low detection limit of 85 nGyair s-1, which are both desired in medical diagnostics. Moreover, those devices with different crystal directions provide anisotropic X-ray detection performance. Our findings pave a new avenue to exploit high-performance CdSe SC X-ray detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyong Wei
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Physics and Space Science College, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Optoelectronic Technology, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Faming Li
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Jihua Zou
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Aobo Ren
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yixuan Huang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Zhihui Xiong
- Physics and Space Science College, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Liming Yuan
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Tixian Zeng
- Physics and Space Science College, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Zhiming M Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
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37
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Demchyshyn S, Verdi M, Basiricò L, Ciavatti A, Hailegnaw B, Cavalcoli D, Scharber MC, Sariciftci NS, Kaltenbrunner M, Fraboni B. Designing Ultraflexible Perovskite X-Ray Detectors through Interface Engineering. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2002586. [PMID: 33344134 PMCID: PMC7740104 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
X-ray detectors play a pivotal role in development and advancement of humankind, from far-reaching impact in medicine to furthering the ability to observe distant objects in outer space. While other electronics show the ability to adapt to flexible and lightweight formats, state-of-the-art X-ray detectors rely on materials requiring bulky and fragile configurations, severely limiting their applications. Lead halide perovskites is one of the most rapidly advancing novel materials with success in the field of semiconductor devices. Here, an ultraflexible, lightweight, and highly conformable passively operated thin film perovskite X-ray detector with a sensitivity as high as 9.3 ± 0.5 µC Gy-1 cm-2 at 0 V and a remarkably low limit of detection of 0.58 ± 0.05 μGy s-1 is presented. Various electron and hole transporting layers accessing their individual impact on the detector performance are evaluated. Moreover, it is shown that this ultrathin form-factor allows for fabrication of devices detecting X-rays equivalently from front and back side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepan Demchyshyn
- Division of Soft Matter PhysicsInstitute for Experimental PhysicsJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenberger Strasse 69Linz4040Austria
- Soft Materials LabLinz Institute of TechnologyJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenberger Strasse 69Linz4040Austria
| | - Matteo Verdi
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of BolognaViale Berti Pichat 6/2Bologna40127Italy
| | - Laura Basiricò
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of BolognaViale Berti Pichat 6/2Bologna40127Italy
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics – INFN section of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Andrea Ciavatti
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of BolognaViale Berti Pichat 6/2Bologna40127Italy
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics – INFN section of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Bekele Hailegnaw
- Division of Soft Matter PhysicsInstitute for Experimental PhysicsJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenberger Strasse 69Linz4040Austria
- Soft Materials LabLinz Institute of TechnologyJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenberger Strasse 69Linz4040Austria
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS)Institute of Physical ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenberger Strasse 69Linz4040Austria
| | - Daniela Cavalcoli
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of BolognaViale Berti Pichat 6/2Bologna40127Italy
| | - Markus Clark Scharber
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS)Institute of Physical ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenberger Strasse 69Linz4040Austria
| | - Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS)Institute of Physical ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenberger Strasse 69Linz4040Austria
| | - Martin Kaltenbrunner
- Division of Soft Matter PhysicsInstitute for Experimental PhysicsJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenberger Strasse 69Linz4040Austria
- Soft Materials LabLinz Institute of TechnologyJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenberger Strasse 69Linz4040Austria
| | - Beatrice Fraboni
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of BolognaViale Berti Pichat 6/2Bologna40127Italy
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics – INFN section of BolognaBolognaItaly
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38
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Pan Y, Wang X, Xu Y, Li Y, Elemike EE, Shuja A, Li Q, Zhang X, Chen J, Zhao Z, Lei W. Enhanced Performance of Perovskite Single-Crystal Photodiodes by Epitaxial Hole Blocking Layer. Front Chem 2020; 8:791. [PMID: 33134261 PMCID: PMC7511657 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducing hole/electron transporting and blocking layers is considered to enhance the performance of electronic devices based on organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskite single crystals (PSCs). In many photodiodes, the hole/electron transporting or blocking materials are spin-coated or thermal-evaporated on PSC to fabricate heterojunctions. However, the heterojunction interfaces due to lattice mismatch between hole/electron, transporting or blocking materials and perovskites easily form traps and cracks, which cause noise and leakage current. Besides, these low-mobility transporting layers increase the difficulty of transporting carriers generated by photons to the electrode; hence, they also increase the response time for photo detection. In the present study, MAPbCl3-MAPbBr2.5Cl0.5 heterojunction interfaces were realized by liquid-phase epitaxy, in which MAPbBr2.5Cl0.5 PSC acts as an active layer and MAPbCl3 PSC acts as a hole blocking layer (HBL). Our PIN photodiodes with epitaxial MAPbCl3 PSC as HBL show better performance in dark current, light responsivity, stability, and response time than the photodiodes with spin-coated organic PCBM as HBL. These results suggest that the heterojunction interface formed between two bulk PSCs with different halide compositions by epitaxy growth is very useful for effectively blocking the injected charges under high external electric field, which could improve the collection of photo-generated carriers and hereby enhance the detection performance of the photodiode. Furthermore, the PIN photodiodes made of PSC with epitaxial HBL show the sensitivities of 7.08 mC Gyair -1 cm-2, 4.04 mC Gyair -1 cm-2, and 2.38 mC Gyair -1 cm-2 for 40-keV, 60-keV, and 80-keV X-ray, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Pan
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yubing Xu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuwei Li
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Ahmed Shuja
- Centre for Advanced Electronics and Photovoltaic Engineering, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Qing Li
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Lei
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Tie S, Zhao W, Huang W, Xin D, Zhang M, Yang Z, Long J, Chen Q, Zheng X, Zhu J, Zhang WH. Efficient X-ray Attenuation Lead-Free AgBi 2I 7 Halide Rudorffite Alternative for Sensitive and Stable X-ray Detection. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:7939-7945. [PMID: 32842746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The poor attenuation capability of high-energy X-ray photons hinders the application of X-ray detectors in medical and astrophysical areas. Halide-based perovskites are promising candidates for X-ray detection because of their improved sensitivity. However, their inferior attenuation coefficient is still unsatisfactory for broadband X-ray detection. Here, a new kind of X-ray detection material, AgBi2I7 rudorffite single crystal (SC), is prepared and applied in X-ray detection for the first time, and it shows a higher attenuation coefficient than halide-based perovskites, commercialized a-Se, and the currently outstanding Cd0.9Zn0.1Te (CZT). The AgBi2I7 rudorffite SCs possess outstanding electric properties and excellent stability. AgBi2I7-SC detectors demonstrate a limit of detection (LoD) of 72 nGyair s-1 and a sensitivity of 282.5 μC Gyair-1cm-2 to X-rays and show only a slight performance degradation after ontinuous X-ray irradiation with a total dose of 58 Gyair. This work opens up a new perspective and broad opportunities for halide rudorffite in X-ray detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Tie
- Department of Materials Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Materials Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Deyu Xin
- Department of Materials Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jidong Long
- Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaojia Zheng
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Jianguo Zhu
- Department of Materials Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Wen-Hua Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
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