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Wang X, Wu G, Zhang X, Lv F, Yang Z, Nan X, Zhang Z, Xue C, Cheng H, Gao L. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)-Inspired Fully Printed Soft Pressure Sensor Array with Self-Adaptive Pressurization for Highly Reliable Individualized Long-Term Pulse Diagnostics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2410312. [PMID: 39344553 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202410312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Reliable, non-invasive, continuous monitoring of pulse and blood pressure is essential for the prevention and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. However, the pulse wave varies drastically among individuals or even over time in the same individual, presenting significant challenges for the existing pulse sensing systems. Inspired by pulse diagnosis methods in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), this work reports a self-adaptive pressure sensing platform (PSP) that combines the fully printed flexible pressure sensor array with an adaptive wristband-style pressure system can identify the optimal pulse signal. Besides the detected pulse rate/width/length, "Cun, Guan, Chi" position, and "floating, moderate, sinking" pulse features, the PSP combined with a machine learning-based linear regression model can also accurately predict blood pressure such as systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure values. The developed diagnostic platform is demonstrated for highly reliable long-term monitoring and analysis of pulse and blood pressure across multiple human subjects over time. The design concept and proof-of-the-concept demonstrations also pave the way for the future developments of flexible sensing devices/systems for adaptive individualized monitoring in the complex practical environments for personalized medicine, along with the support for the development of digital TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Guirong Wu
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Xikuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China
| | - Fei Lv
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Zekun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China
| | - Xueli Nan
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Zengxing Zhang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Chenyang Xue
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Libo Gao
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
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2
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Gao J, Zhao B, Chen X, Gu M, Zhang W, Wang L, Wei L, Yang C, Chen M. Harsh Environment-Tolerant, High Performance Soft Pressure Sensors Enabled by Fiber-Segment Structure and Plasma Treatment. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403495. [PMID: 39246203 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
As the demand for specialized and diversified pressure sensors continues to increase, excellent performance and multi-applicability have become necessary for pressure sensors. Currently, flexible pressure sensors are primarily utilized in fields such as health monitoring and human-computer interaction. However, numerous complex extreme environments in reality, including deep sea, corrosive conditions, extreme cold, and high temperatures, urgently require the services of flexible devices. Here, a piezoresistive flexible pressure sensor based on expanded polytetrafluoroethylene/functionalized carbon nanotubes (EPTFE/FCNT) is proposed. Benefiting from the unique fiber-segment architecture, chemical stability, and strong chemical binding force between EPTFE and FCNT, the fabricated sensor exhibits remarkable sensing capabilities and can be employed in multifarious extreme environments. It demonstrates a sensitivity of 862.28 kPa-1, a response time of 6-7 ms, and a detection limit below 1 Pa. Furthermore, it possesses a pressure resolution of 0.0018% under 111 kPa and can withstand over 10,000 loading and unloading cycles under 1 MPa. Additionally, the EPTFE/FCNT sensor retains its outstanding pressure response and work efficiency in extreme conditions such as an ultra-low temperature of -80 °C, high temperature (200 °C), acidic and alkaline corrosion, and underwater. These notable attributes enormously broaden the sensors' real-world application range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxue Gao
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- School of Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215000, P. R. China
| | - Binzhe Zhao
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mengxi Gu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- School of Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215000, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chunlei Yang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ming Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Chai S, Lee Y, Owens RM, Lee HR, Lee Y, Kim W, Jung S. Dynamic monitoring of a 3D-printed airway tissue model using an organic electrochemical transistor. Biomaterials 2024; 314:122806. [PMID: 39260031 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Assessing the transepithelial resistance to ion flow in the presence of an electric field enables the evaluation of the integrity of the epithelial cell layer. In this study, we introduce an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) interfaced with a 3D living tissue, designed to monitor the electrical resistance of cellular barriers in real-time. We have developed a non-invasive, tissue-sensing platform by integrating an inkjet-printed large-area OECT with a 3D-bioprinted multilayered airway tissue. This unique configuration enables the evaluation of epithelial barrier integrity through the dynamic response capabilities of the OECT. Our system effectively tracks the formation and integrity of 3D-printed airway tissues in both liquid-liquid and air-liquid interface culture environments. Furthermore, we successfully quantified the degradation of barrier function due to influenza A (H1N1) viral infection and the dose-dependent efficacy of oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) in mitigating this degradation. The tissue-electronic platform offers a non-invasive and label-free method for real-time monitoring of 3D artificial tissue barriers, without disturbing the cellular biology. It holds the potential for further applications in monitoring the structures and functions of 3D tissues and organs, significantly contributing to the advancement of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjin Chai
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunji Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Róisín M Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Hwa-Rim Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongwoo Lee
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woojo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungjune Jung
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea; Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Zheng B, Guo R, Dou X, Fu Y, Yang B, Liu X, Zhou F. Blade-Coated Porous 3D Carbon Composite Electrodes Coupled with Multiscale Interfaces for Highly Sensitive All-Paper Pressure Sensors. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:267. [PMID: 39134809 PMCID: PMC11319548 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01488-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Flexible and wearable pressure sensors hold immense promise for health monitoring, covering disease detection and postoperative rehabilitation. Developing pressure sensors with high sensitivity, wide detection range, and cost-effectiveness is paramount. By leveraging paper for its sustainability, biocompatibility, and inherent porous structure, herein, a solution-processed all-paper resistive pressure sensor is designed with outstanding performance. A ternary composite paste, comprising a compressible 3D carbon skeleton, conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate), and cohesive carbon nanotubes, is blade-coated on paper and naturally dried to form the porous composite electrode with hierachical micro- and nano-structured surface. Combined with screen-printed Cu electrodes in submillimeter finger widths on rough paper, this creates a multiscale hierarchical contact interface between electrodes, significantly enhancing sensitivity (1014 kPa-1) and expanding the detection range (up to 300 kPa) of as-resulted all-paper pressure sensor with low detection limit and power consumption. Its versatility ranges from subtle wrist pulses, robust finger taps, to large-area spatial force detection, highlighting its intricate submillimeter-micrometer-nanometer hierarchical interface and nanometer porosity in the composite electrode. Ultimately, this all-paper resistive pressure sensor, with its superior sensing capabilities, large-scale fabrication potential, and cost-effectiveness, paves the way for next-generation wearable electronics, ushering in an era of advanced, sustainable technological solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruisheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueqing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingjun Yang
- Research Center of Resource Chemistry and Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese of Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China.
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai, 264006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai, 264006, People's Republic of China
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5
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Huang Z, Yu S, Xu Y, Cao Z, Zhang J, Guo Z, Wu T, Liao Q, Zheng Y, Chen Z, Liao X. In-Sensor Tactile Fusion and Logic for Accurate Intention Recognition. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2407329. [PMID: 38966893 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202407329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Touch control intention recognition is an important direction for the future development of human-machine interactions (HMIs). However, the implementation of parallel-sensing functional modules generally requires a combination of different logical blocks and control circuits, which results in regional redundancy, redundant data, and low efficiency. Here, a location-and-pressure intelligent tactile sensor (LPI tactile sensor) unprecedentedly combined with sensing, computing, and logic is proposed, enabling efficient and ultrahigh-resolution action-intention interaction. The LPI tactile sensor eliminates the need for data transfer among the functional units through the core integration design of the layered structure. It actuates in-sensor perception through feature transmission, fusion, and differentiation, thereby revolutionizing the traditional von Neumann architecture. While greatly simplifying the data dimensionality, the LPI tactile sensor achieves outstanding resolution sensing in both location (<400 µm) and pressure (75 Pa). Synchronous feature fusion and decoding support the high-fidelity recognition of action and combinatorial logic intentions. Benefiting from location and pressure synergy, the LPI tactile sensor demonstrates robust privacy as an encrypted password device and interaction intelligence through pressure enhancement. It can recognize continuous touch actions in real time, map real intentions to target events, and promote accurate and efficient intention-driven HMIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Huang
- Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Shifan Yu
- Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yijing Xu
- Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhicheng Cao
- Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ziquan Guo
- Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Tingzhu Wu
- Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qingliang Liao
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Devices for Post-Moore Chips Ministry of Education, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuanjin Zheng
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xinqin Liao
- Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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6
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Liu Y, Xu Z, Ji X, Xu X, Chen F, Pan X, Fu Z, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Liu H, Cheng B, Liang J. Ag-thiolate interactions to enable an ultrasensitive and stretchable MXene strain sensor with high temporospatial resolution. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5354. [PMID: 38918424 PMCID: PMC11200319 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49787-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
High-sensitivity strain sensing elements with a wide strain range, fast response, high stability, and small sensing areas are desirable for constructing strain sensor arrays with high temporospatial resolution. However, current strain sensors rely on crack-based conductive materials having an inherent tradeoff between their sensing area and performance. Here, we present a molecular-level crack modulation strategy in which we use layer-by-layer assembly to introduce strong, dynamic, and reversible coordination bonds in an MXene and silver nanowire-matrixed conductive film. We use this approach to fabricate a crack-based stretchable strain sensor with a very small sensing area (0.25 mm2). It also exhibits an ultrawide working strain range (0.001-37%), high sensitivity (gauge factor ~500 at 0.001% and >150,000 at 35%), fast response time, low hysteresis, and excellent long-term stability. Based on this high-performance sensing element and facile assembly process, a stretchable strain sensor array with a device density of 100 sensors per cm2 is realized. We demonstrate the practical use of the high-density strain sensor array as a multichannel pulse sensing system for monitoring pulses in terms of their spatiotemporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zijun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyi Ji
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaosen Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhengjian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Bowen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jiajie Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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7
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Zhao Y, Sun Q, Mei S, Gao L, Zhang X, Yang Z, Nan X, Zhang H, Xue C, Li J. Wearable multichannel-active pressurized pulse sensing platform. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:77. [PMID: 38867942 PMCID: PMC11166975 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-024-00703-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
With the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), creating devices to digitalize aspects of pulse diagnosis has proved to be challenging. The currently available pulse detection devices usually rely on external pressure devices, which are either bulky or poorly integrated, hindering their practical application. In this work, we propose an innovative wearable active pressure three-channel pulse monitoring device based on TCM pulse diagnosis methods. It combines a flexible pressure sensor array, flexible airbag array, active pressure control unit, advanced machine learning approach, and a companion mobile application for human-computer interaction. Due to the high sensitivity (460.1 kPa-1), high linearity (R 2 > 0.999) and flexibility of the flexible pressure sensors, the device can accurately simulate finger pressure to collect pulse waves (Cun, Guan, and Chi) at different external pressures on the wrist. In addition, by measuring the change in pulse wave amplitude at different pressures, an individual's blood pressure status can be successfully predicted. This enables truly wearable, actively pressurized, continuous wireless dynamic monitoring of wrist pulse health. The innovative and integrated design of this pulse monitoring platform could provide a new paradigm for digitizing aspects of TCM and other smart healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Zhao
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, 361102 Xiamen, China
- Discipline of Intelligent Instrument and Equipment, Xiamen University, 361102 Xiamen, China
| | - Qingxia Sun
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266000 Qingdao, China
| | - Shixuan Mei
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, 030006 Taiyuan, China
| | - Libo Gao
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, 361102 Xiamen, China
- Discipline of Intelligent Instrument and Equipment, Xiamen University, 361102 Xiamen, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Xikuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement Ministry of Education, North University of China, 030051 Taiyuan, China
| | - Zekun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement Ministry of Education, North University of China, 030051 Taiyuan, China
| | - Xueli Nan
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, 030006 Taiyuan, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Space Technology, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - Chenyang Xue
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, 361102 Xiamen, China
- Discipline of Intelligent Instrument and Equipment, Xiamen University, 361102 Xiamen, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Junyang Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266000 Qingdao, China
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8
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Papani R, Li Y, Wang S. Soft mechanical sensors for wearable and implantable applications. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1961. [PMID: 38723798 PMCID: PMC11108230 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Wearable and implantable sensing of biomechanical signals such as pressure, strain, shear, and vibration can enable a multitude of human-integrated applications, including on-skin monitoring of vital signs, motion tracking, monitoring of internal organ condition, restoration of lost/impaired mechanoreception, among many others. The mechanical conformability of such sensors to the human skin and tissue is critical to enhancing their biocompatibility and sensing accuracy. As such, in the recent decade, significant efforts have been made in the development of soft mechanical sensors. To satisfy the requirements of different wearable and implantable applications, such sensors have been imparted with various additional properties to make them better suited for the varied contexts of human-integrated applications. In this review, focusing on the four major types of soft mechanical sensors for pressure, strain, shear, and vibration, we discussed the recent material and device design innovations for achieving several important properties, including flexibility and stretchability, bioresorbability and biodegradability, self-healing properties, breathability, transparency, wireless communication capabilities, and high-density integration. We then went on to discuss the current research state of the use of such novel soft mechanical sensors in wearable and implantable applications, based on which future research needs were further discussed. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rithvik Papani
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sihong Wang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Nanoscience and Technology Division and Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, United States
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9
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Rossetti M, Srisomwat C, Urban M, Rosati G, Maroli G, Yaman Akbay HG, Chailapakul O, Merkoçi A. Unleashing inkjet-printed nanostructured electrodes and battery-free potentiostat for the DNA-based multiplexed detection of SARS-CoV-2 genes. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 250:116079. [PMID: 38295580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Following the global COVID-19 pandemic triggered by SARS-CoV-2, the need for rapid, specific and cost-effective point-of-care diagnostic solutions remains paramount. Even though COVID-19 is no longer a public health emergency, the disease still poses a global threat leading to deaths, and it continues to change with the risk of new variants emerging causing a new surge in cases and deaths. Here, we address the urgent need for rapid, cost-effective and point-of-care diagnostic solutions for SARS-CoV-2. We propose a multiplexed DNA-based sensing platform that utilizes inkjet-printed nanostructured gold electrodes and an inkjet-printed battery-free near-field communication (NFC) potentiostat for the simultaneous quantitative detection of two SARS-CoV-2 genes, the ORF1ab and the N gene. The detection strategy based on the formation of an RNA-DNA sandwich structure leads to a highly specific electrochemical output. The inkjet-printed nanostructured gold electrodes providing a large surface area enable efficient binding and increase the sensitivity. The inkjet-printed battery-free NFC potentiostat enables rapid measurements and real-time data analysis via a smartphone application, making the platform accessible and portable. With the advantages of speed (5 min), simplicity, sensitivity (low pM range, ∼450% signal gain) and cost-effectiveness, the proposed platform is a promising alternative for point-of-care diagnostics and high-throughput analysis that complements the COVID-19 diagnostic toolkit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Rossetti
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, UAB Campus, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Chawin Srisomwat
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Massimo Urban
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, UAB Campus, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Giulio Rosati
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, UAB Campus, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gabriel Maroli
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, UAB Campus, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Eléctrica Alfredo Desages (IIIE), Universidad Nacional del Sur, CONICET, Avenida Colón 80 Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hatice Gödze Yaman Akbay
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, UAB Campus, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Orawon Chailapakul
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Arben Merkoçi
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, UAB Campus, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; ICREA Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
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10
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An T, Zhang Y, Wen J, Dong Z, Du Q, Liu L, Wang Y, Xing G, Zhao X. Multi-Level Pyramidal Microstructure-Based Pressure Sensors with High Sensitivity and Wide Linear Range for Healthcare Monitoring. ACS Sens 2024; 9:726-735. [PMID: 38266628 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors have garnered significant attention in the field of wearable healthcare due to their scalability and shape variability. However, a crucial challenge in their practical application for various healthcare scenarios is striking a balance between the sensitivity and sensing range. This limitation arises from the reduced compressibility of the microstructures on the surface of pressure-sensitive materials under high pressure, resulting in progressive saturation of the sensor's response and leading to a restricted and nonlinear pressure sensing range. In this study, we present a novel approach utilizing multi-level pyramidal microstructures in flexible pressure sensors to achieve both high sensitivity (8775 kPa-1) and linear response (R2 = 0.997) over a wide pressure range (up to 1000 kPa). The effectiveness of the proposed design stems from the compensatory behavior of the lower pyramidal microstructures, which counteracts the declining sensitivity associated with the gradual hardening of the higher pyramidal microstructures. Furthermore, the sensor demonstrates a fast response time of 11.6 ms and a fast relaxation time of 3.8 ms and can reliably detect pressures as low as 30.2 Pa. Our findings highlight the applicability of this flexible pressure sensor in diverse human body health detection tasks, ranging from weak pulses to finger flexion and plantar pressure distribution. Notably, the proposed sensor design eliminates the need for replacing flexible pressure sensors with varying ranges, thereby enhancing their practical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongge An
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Qiantang Science and Technology Innovation Center, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Shangyu Institute of Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Jiahong Wen
- The College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Shangyu Institute of Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Zhichao Dong
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Qiantang Science and Technology Innovation Center, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qifeng Du
- Qiantang Science and Technology Innovation Center, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China
| | - Long Liu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Guozhong Xing
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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11
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Fan L, Liu Y, Yang X, Sun H. A Novel Resistive Sensor Network Utilizing an SAP-Enhanced Ionic Layer and CNT Doping for Multipoint Pressure Measurement. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:1535-1545. [PMID: 38222553 PMCID: PMC10785618 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Amidst the rapid advancements in flexible electronics, flexible pressure sensors have achieved widespread applications in fields such as wearable devices and motion monitoring. Nevertheless, it is still a challenge to design a sensor with high sensitivity, cost-effectiveness, and a simplified manufacturing process. This paper introduces a piezoresistive sensor built upon a composite conductive filler. The sensor incorporates a super absorbent polymer (SAP) to absorb a phosphoric acid solution and doped carbon nanotubes as the composite conductive filler. In contrast to conventional rigid conductive fillers, the elastic polymer SAP enhances the sensor's stability significantly by exhibiting superior compatibility with the polydimethylsiloxane matrix, all the while reducing its Young's modulus. This work aims to theoretically elucidate the underlying principles that enable the sensor to achieve high sensitivity. It focuses on the induction of charge carriers due to pressure, which leads to the formation of a conductive pathway and subsequent changes in resistance, thus facilitating precise pressure detection. The paper also discusses the effects of piezoresistive layers with varying thicknesses and conductive fillers on the sensor's output performance. The results highlight the sensor's high sensitivity (0.094 kPa-1), rapid response time (105 ms), and exceptional cyclic load/unload stability (>5000 cycles). Furthermore, this paper establishes a versatile sensing network by integrating a portable inductance, capacitance, and resistance instrument with a programmable logic controller module. Compared to individual sensors, this system enables multipoint measurements, offering high spatial resolution and real-time monitoring capabilities, significantly expanding its overall practicality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leijin Fan
- School of Aerospace
Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yuantao Liu
- School of Aerospace
Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Science and Technology
on Reliability Physics and Application of Electronic Component Laboratory, The Fifth Electronics Research Institute of the Ministry
of Industry and Information Technology, Guangzhou 511370, China
| | - Hu Sun
- School of Aerospace
Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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12
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Liu W, Wang X. Recent Advances of Nanogenerator Technology for Cardiovascular Sensing and Monitoring. NANO ENERGY 2023; 117:108910. [PMID: 39183759 PMCID: PMC11343574 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2023.108910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular sensing and monitoring is a widely used function in cardiovascular devices. Nowadays, achieving desired flexibility, wearability and implantability becomes a major design goal for the advancement of this family of devices. As an emerging technology, nanogenerator (NG) offers an intriguing promise for replacing the battery, an essential obstacle toward tissue-like soft electronics. This article reviews most recent advancements in NG technology for advanced cardiovascular sensing and monitoring. Based on the application targets, the discuss covers implantable NGs on hearts, implantable NGs for blood vessel grafts and patches, and wearable NGs with various sensing functions. The applications of NGs as a power source and as an electromechanical sensing element are both discussed. At the end, current challenges in this direction and future research perspectives are elaborated. This emerging and impactful application direction reviewed in this article is expected to inspire many new research and commercialization opportunities in the field of NG technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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13
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Zheng L, Hou X, Xu M, Yang Y, Gao J, Luo L, Zhu Q, Li W, Wang X. Scalable Manufacturing of Large-Area Pressure Sensor Array for Sitting Posture Recognition in Real Time. ACS MATERIALS AU 2023; 3:669-677. [PMID: 38089664 PMCID: PMC10636772 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.3c00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2024]
Abstract
Pressure sensors are considered the key technology for potential applications in real-time health monitoring, artificial electronic skins, and human-machine interfaces. Despite the significant progress in developing novel sensitive materials and constructing unique sensor structures, it remains challenging to fabricate large-area pressure sensor arrays due to the involvement of complex procedures including photolithography, laser writing, or coating. Herein, a scalable manufacturing approach for the realization of pressure sensor arrays with substantially enlarged sensitive areas is proposed using a versatile screen-printing technique. A compensation mechanism is introduced into the printing process to ensure the precise alignment of conductive electrodes, insulation layers, and sensitive microstructures with an alignment error of less than 4 μm. The fully screen-printed sensors exhibit excellent collective sensing performance, such as a reasonable pressure sensitivity of -2.2 kPa-1, a fast response time of 40 ms, and superior durability over 3000 consecutive pressures. Additionally, an integrated 16 × 32 pressure sensor array with a sensing area of 190 × 380 mm2 is demonstrated to precisely recognize the sitting postures and the body weights, showing great potential in continuous and real-time health status monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zheng
- Frontiers
Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Institute of Flexible
Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical
University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Xuemin Hou
- Frontiers
Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Institute of Flexible
Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical
University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Manzhang Xu
- Frontiers
Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Institute of Flexible
Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical
University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Yabao Yang
- Frontiers
Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Institute of Flexible
Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical
University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Jiuwei Gao
- Frontiers
Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Institute of Flexible
Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical
University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Lei Luo
- Frontiers
Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Institute of Flexible
Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical
University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Qixuan Zhu
- Frontiers
Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Institute of Flexible
Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical
University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Frontiers
Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Institute of Flexible
Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical
University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Frontiers
Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Institute of Flexible
Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical
University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
- Shaanxi
Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
- MIIT
Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
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14
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Wu SD, Hsu SH, Ketelsen B, Bittinger SC, Schlicke H, Weller H, Vossmeyer T. Fabrication of Eco-Friendly Wearable Strain Sensor Arrays via Facile Contact Printing for Healthcare Applications. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300170. [PMID: 37154264 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Wearable flexible strain sensors with spatial resolution enable the acquisition and analysis of complex actions for noninvasive personalized healthcare applications. To provide secure contact with skin and to avoid environmental pollution after usage, sensors with biocompatibility and biodegradability are highly desirable. Herein, wearable flexible strain sensors composed of crosslinked gold nanoparticle (GNP) thin films as the active conductive layer and transparent biodegradable polyurethane (PU) films as the flexible substrate are developed. The patterned GNP films (micrometer- to millimeter-scale square and rectangle geometry, alphabetic characters, and wave and array patterns) are transferred onto the biodegradable PU film via a facile, clean, rapid and high-precision contact printing method, without the need of a sacrificial polymer carrier or organic solvents. The GNP-PU strain sensor with low Young's modulus (≈17.8 MPa) and high stretchability showed good stability and durability (10 000 cycles) as well as degradability (42% weight loss after 17 days at 74 °C in water). The GNP-PU strain sensor arrays with spatiotemporal strain resolution are applied as wearable eco-friendly electronics for monitoring subtle physiological signals (e.g., mapping of arterial lines and sensing pulse waveforms) and large-strain actions (e.g., finger bending).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Da Wu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Shan-Hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Bendix Ketelsen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sophia C Bittinger
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Schlicke
- Fraunhofer Center for Applied Nanotechnology CAN, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Horst Weller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Center for Applied Nanotechnology CAN, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Vossmeyer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
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15
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Xu S, Xu Z, Li D, Cui T, Li X, Yang Y, Liu H, Ren T. Recent Advances in Flexible Piezoresistive Arrays: Materials, Design, and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2699. [PMID: 37376345 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial distribution perception has become an important trend for flexible pressure sensors, which endows wearable health devices, bionic robots, and human-machine interactive interfaces (HMI) with more precise tactile perception capabilities. Flexible pressure sensor arrays can monitor and extract abundant health information to assist in medical detection and diagnosis. Bionic robots and HMI with higher tactile perception abilities will maximize the freedom of human hands. Flexible arrays based on piezoresistive mechanisms have been extensively researched due to the high performance of pressure-sensing properties and simple readout principles. This review summarizes multiple considerations in the design of flexible piezoresistive arrays and recent advances in their development. First, frequently used piezoresistive materials and microstructures are introduced in which various strategies to improve sensor performance are presented. Second, pressure sensor arrays with spatial distribution perception capability are discussed emphatically. Crosstalk is a particular concern for sensor arrays, where mechanical and electrical sources of crosstalk issues and the corresponding solutions are highlighted. Third, several processing methods are also introduced, classified as printing, field-assisted and laser-assisted fabrication. Next, the representative application works of flexible piezoresistive arrays are provided, including human-interactive systems, healthcare devices, and some other scenarios. Finally, outlooks on the development of piezoresistive arrays are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoyan Xu
- School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zigan Xu
- School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ding Li
- School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tianrui Cui
- School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Houfang Liu
- School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tianling Ren
- School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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16
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Nan X, Xu Z, Cao X, Hao J, Wang X, Duan Q, Wu G, Hu L, Zhao Y, Yang Z, Gao L. A Review of Epidermal Flexible Pressure Sensing Arrays. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:656. [PMID: 37367021 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, flexible pressure sensing arrays applied in medical monitoring, human-machine interaction, and the Internet of Things have received a lot of attention for their excellent performance. Epidermal sensing arrays can enable the sensing of physiological information, pressure, and other information such as haptics, providing new avenues for the development of wearable devices. This paper reviews the recent research progress on epidermal flexible pressure sensing arrays. Firstly, the fantastic performance materials currently used to prepare flexible pressure sensing arrays are outlined in terms of substrate layer, electrode layer, and sensitive layer. In addition, the general fabrication processes of the materials are summarized, including three-dimensional (3D) printing, screen printing, and laser engraving. Subsequently, the electrode layer structures and sensitive layer microstructures used to further improve the performance design of sensing arrays are discussed based on the limitations of the materials. Furthermore, we present recent advances in the application of fantastic-performance epidermal flexible pressure sensing arrays and their integration with back-end circuits. Finally, the potential challenges and development prospects of flexible pressure sensing arrays are discussed in a comprehensive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Nan
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhikuan Xu
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xinxin Cao
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jinjin Hao
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Qikai Duan
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Guirong Wu
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Liangwei Hu
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Discipline of Intelligent Instrument and Equipment, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zekun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Libo Gao
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, China
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17
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Sel K, Mohammadi A, Pettigrew RI, Jafari R. Physics-informed neural networks for modeling physiological time series for cuffless blood pressure estimation. NPJ Digit Med 2023; 6:110. [PMID: 37296218 PMCID: PMC10256762 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00853-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The bold vision of AI-driven pervasive physiological monitoring, through the proliferation of off-the-shelf wearables that began a decade ago, has created immense opportunities to extract actionable information for precision medicine. These AI algorithms model input-output relationships of a system that, in many cases, exhibits complex nature and personalization requirements. A particular example is cuffless blood pressure estimation using wearable bioimpedance. However, these algorithms need training over significant amount of ground truth data. In the context of biomedical applications, collecting ground truth data, particularly at the personalized level is challenging, burdensome, and in some cases infeasible. Our objective is to establish physics-informed neural network (PINN) models for physiological time series data that would use minimal ground truth information to extract complex cardiovascular information. We achieve this by building Taylor's approximation for gradually changing known cardiovascular relationships between input and output (e.g., sensor measurements to blood pressure) and incorporating this approximation into our proposed neural network training. The effectiveness of the framework is demonstrated through a case study: continuous cuffless BP estimation from time series bioimpedance data. We show that by using PINNs over the state-of-the-art time series models tested on the same datasets, we retain high correlations (systolic: 0.90, diastolic: 0.89) and low error (systolic: 1.3 ± 7.6 mmHg, diastolic: 0.6 ± 6.4 mmHg) while reducing the amount of ground truth training data on average by a factor of 15. This could be helpful in developing future AI algorithms to help interpret pervasive physiologic data using minimal amount of training data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaan Sel
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Amirmohammad Mohammadi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Roozbeh Jafari
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
- School of Engineering Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA.
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18
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Yang Z, Duan Q, Zang J, Zhao Y, Zheng W, Xiao R, Zhang Z, Hu L, Wu G, Nan X, Zhang Z, Xue C, Gao L. Boron nitride-enabled printing of a highly sensitive and flexible iontronic pressure sensing system for spatial mapping. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:68. [PMID: 37251710 PMCID: PMC10220000 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00543-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Recently, flexible iontronic pressure sensors (FIPSs) with higher sensitivities and wider sensing ranges than conventional capacitive sensors have been widely investigated. Due to the difficulty of fabricating the nanostructures that are commonly used on electrodes and ionic layers by screen printing techniques, strategies for fabricating such devices using these techniques to drive their mass production have rarely been reported. Herein, for the first time, we employed a 2-dimensional (2D) hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) as both an additive and an ionic liquid reservoir in an ionic film, making the sensor printable and significantly improving its sensitivity and sensing range through screen printing. The engineered sensor exhibited high sensitivity (Smin> 261.4 kPa-1) and a broad sensing range (0.05-450 kPa), and it was capable of stable operation at a high pressure (400 kPa) for more than 5000 cycles. In addition, the integrated sensor array system allowed accurate monitoring of wrist pressure and showed great potential for health care systems. We believe that using h-BN as an additive in an ionic material for screen-printed FIPS could greatly inspire research on 2D materials for similar systems and other types of sensors. Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) was employed for the first time to make iontronic pressure sensor arrays with high sensitivity and a broad sensing range by screen printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement Ministry of Education, North University of China, 030051 Taiyuan, China
| | - Qikai Duan
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, 030006 Taiyuan, China
| | - Junbin Zang
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement Ministry of Education, North University of China, 030051 Taiyuan, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361102 Xiamen, China
| | - Weihao Zheng
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, 710071 Xi’an, China
| | - Ran Xiao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 999077 Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement Ministry of Education, North University of China, 030051 Taiyuan, China
| | - Liangwei Hu
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361102 Xiamen, China
| | - Guirong Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361102 Xiamen, China
| | - Xueli Nan
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, 030006 Taiyuan, China
| | - Zengxing Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361102 Xiamen, China
| | - Chenyang Xue
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement Ministry of Education, North University of China, 030051 Taiyuan, China
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361102 Xiamen, China
| | - Libo Gao
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361102 Xiamen, China
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19
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Meena JS, Choi SB, Jung SB, Kim JW. Electronic textiles: New age of wearable technology for healthcare and fitness solutions. Mater Today Bio 2023; 19:100565. [PMID: 36816602 PMCID: PMC9932217 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sedentary lifestyles and evolving work environments have created challenges for global health and cause huge burdens on healthcare and fitness systems. Physical immobility and functional losses due to aging are two main reasons for noncommunicable disease mortality. Smart electronic textiles (e-textiles) have attracted considerable attention because of their potential uses in health monitoring, rehabilitation, and training assessment applications. Interactive textiles integrated with electronic devices and algorithms can be used to gather, process, and digitize data on human body motion in real time for purposes such as electrotherapy, improving blood circulation, and promoting wound healing. This review summarizes research advances on e-textiles designed for wearable healthcare and fitness systems. The significance of e-textiles, key applications, and future demand expectations are addressed in this review. Various health conditions and fitness problems and possible solutions involving the use of multifunctional interactive garments are discussed. A brief discussion of essential materials and basic procedures used to fabricate wearable e-textiles are included. Finally, the current challenges, possible solutions, opportunities, and future perspectives in the area of smart textiles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagan Singh Meena
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Technology, Core Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Bin Choi
- Department of Smart Fab Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Boo Jung
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Woong Kim
- Department of Smart Fab Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Luo Y, Abidian MR, Ahn JH, Akinwande D, Andrews AM, Antonietti M, Bao Z, Berggren M, Berkey CA, Bettinger CJ, Chen J, Chen P, Cheng W, Cheng X, Choi SJ, Chortos A, Dagdeviren C, Dauskardt RH, Di CA, Dickey MD, Duan X, Facchetti A, Fan Z, Fang Y, Feng J, Feng X, Gao H, Gao W, Gong X, Guo CF, Guo X, Hartel MC, He Z, Ho JS, Hu Y, Huang Q, Huang Y, Huo F, Hussain MM, Javey A, Jeong U, Jiang C, Jiang X, Kang J, Karnaushenko D, Khademhosseini A, Kim DH, Kim ID, Kireev D, Kong L, Lee C, Lee NE, Lee PS, Lee TW, Li F, Li J, Liang C, Lim CT, Lin Y, Lipomi DJ, Liu J, Liu K, Liu N, Liu R, Liu Y, Liu Y, Liu Z, Liu Z, Loh XJ, Lu N, Lv Z, Magdassi S, Malliaras GG, Matsuhisa N, Nathan A, Niu S, Pan J, Pang C, Pei Q, Peng H, Qi D, Ren H, Rogers JA, Rowe A, Schmidt OG, Sekitani T, Seo DG, Shen G, Sheng X, Shi Q, Someya T, Song Y, Stavrinidou E, Su M, Sun X, Takei K, Tao XM, Tee BCK, Thean AVY, Trung TQ, Wan C, Wang H, Wang J, Wang M, Wang S, Wang T, Wang ZL, Weiss PS, Wen H, Xu S, Xu T, Yan H, Yan X, Yang H, Yang L, Yang S, Yin L, Yu C, Yu G, Yu J, Yu SH, Yu X, Zamburg E, Zhang H, Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao S, Zhao X, Zheng Y, Zheng YQ, Zheng Z, Zhou T, Zhu B, Zhu M, Zhu R, Zhu Y, Zhu Y, Zou G, Chen X. Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors. ACS NANO 2023; 17:5211-5295. [PMID: 36892156 PMCID: PMC11223676 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 214.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner and capitalized for the betterment of humanity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Luo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Mohammad Reza Abidian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77024, United States
| | - Jong-Hyun Ahn
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Deji Akinwande
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Anne M Andrews
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Colloid Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, 83 Linköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability (WISE) and Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC), SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher A Berkey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94301, United States
| | - Christopher John Bettinger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Wenlong Cheng
- Nanobionics Group, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia, 3800
- Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia3800
| | - Xu Cheng
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Seon-Jin Choi
- Division of Materials of Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Alex Chortos
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Canan Dagdeviren
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Reinhold H Dauskardt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94301, United States
| | - Chong-An Di
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Michael D Dickey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Xiangfeng Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yin Fang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Jianyou Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Xue Feng
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huajian Gao
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wei Gao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, United States
| | - Xiwen Gong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Applied Physics Program, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109 United States
| | - Chuan Fei Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaojun Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Martin C Hartel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Zihan He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - John S Ho
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Youfan Hu
- School of Electronics and Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiyao Huang
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Fengwei Huo
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Muhammad M Hussain
- mmh Labs, Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Ali Javey
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Unyong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Engineering (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeong-buk 37673, Korea
| | - Chen Jiang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No 1088, Xueyuan Road, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China
| | - Jiheong Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniil Karnaushenko
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz 09126, Germany
| | | | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Doo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dmitry Kireev
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Lingxuan Kong
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
- NUS Graduate School-Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Nae-Eung Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Tae-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Engineering Research, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Soft Foundry, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Fengyu Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jinxing Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Neuroscience Program, BioMolecular Science Program, and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823, United States
| | - Cuiyuan Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119276, Singapore
| | - Yuanjing Lin
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Darren J Lipomi
- Department of Nano and Chemical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Jia Liu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02134, United States
| | - Kai Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Nan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Ren Liu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02134, United States
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, N.1 Institute for Health, Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- Neural Engineering Centre, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China 518055
| | - Zhuangjian Liu
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Nanshu Lu
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zhisheng Lv
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Shlomo Magdassi
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - George G Malliaras
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge CB3 0FA, Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - Naoji Matsuhisa
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Arokia Nathan
- Darwin College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 9EU, United Kingdom
| | - Simiao Niu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Jieming Pan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Changhyun Pang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Qibing Pei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Huisheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Dianpeng Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Huaying Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
| | - John A Rogers
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Chemistry, and Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Aaron Rowe
- Becton, Dickinson and Company, 1268 N. Lakeview Avenue, Anaheim, California 92807, United States
- Ready, Set, Food! 15821 Ventura Blvd #450, Encino, California 91436, United States
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz 09126, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz 09107, Germany
- Nanophysics, Faculty of Physics, TU Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Tsuyoshi Sekitani
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan 5670047
| | - Dae-Gyo Seo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Guozhen Shen
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xing Sheng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Institute for Precision Medicine, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qiongfeng Shi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Takao Someya
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Eleni Stavrinidou
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrkoping, Sweden
| | - Meng Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xuemei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Kuniharu Takei
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Xiao-Ming Tao
- Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, School of Fashion and Textiles, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Benjamin C K Tee
- Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- iHealthtech, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119276, Singapore
| | - Aaron Voon-Yew Thean
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Singapore Hybrid-Integrated Next-Generation μ-Electronics Centre (SHINE), Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Tran Quang Trung
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjin Wan
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huiliang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Ming Wang
- Frontier Institute of Chip and System, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chip and Systems, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- the Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, 41th Floor, AI Tower, No.701 Yunjin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200232, China
| | - Sihong Wang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Paul S Weiss
- California NanoSystems Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Bioengineering, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hanqi Wen
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China 314000
| | - Sheng Xu
- Department of Nanoengineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, and Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, United States
| | - Tailin Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, PR China
| | - Hongping Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Hui Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, 300072
| | - Le Yang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 9 Engineering Drive 1, #03-09 EA, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Shuaijian Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Lan Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, and Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Cunjiang Yu
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, United States
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, United States
| | - Jing Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xinge Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Evgeny Zamburg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Singapore Hybrid-Integrated Next-Generation μ-Electronics Centre (SHINE), Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Haixia Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Singapore Hybrid-Integrated Next-Generation μ-Electronics Centre (SHINE), Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Xiaosheng Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics; Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Singapore Hybrid-Integrated Next-Generation μ-Electronics Centre (SHINE), Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Siyuan Zhao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02134, United States
| | - Xuanhe Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, United States
| | - Yuanjin Zheng
- Center for Integrated Circuits and Systems, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Yu-Qing Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication; School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zijian Zheng
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Center for Neural Engineering, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Bowen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Ming Zhu
- Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science (IDMxS), Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Rong Zhu
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yangzhi Zhu
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California, 90064, United States
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Guijin Zou
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Laboratory for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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Lai QT, Zhao XH, Sun QJ, Tang Z, Tang XG, Roy VAL. Emerging MXene-Based Flexible Tactile Sensors for Health Monitoring and Haptic Perception. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2300283. [PMID: 36965088 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to their potential applications in physiological monitoring, diagnosis, human prosthetics, haptic perception, and human-machine interaction, flexible tactile sensors have attracted wide research interest in recent years. Thanks to the advances in material engineering, high performance flexible tactile sensors have been obtained. Among the representative pressure sensing materials, 2D layered nanomaterials have many properties that are superior to those of bulk nanomaterials and are more suitable for high performance flexible sensors. As a class of 2D inorganic compounds in materials science, MXene has excellent electrical, mechanical, and biological compatibility. MXene-based composites have proven to be promising candidates for flexible tactile sensors due to their excellent stretchability and metallic conductivity. Therefore, great efforts have been devoted to the development of MXene-based composites for flexible sensor applications. In this paper, the controllable preparation and characterization of MXene are introduced. Then, the recent progresses on fabrication strategies, operating mechanisms, and device performance of MXene composite-based flexible tactile sensors, including flexible piezoresistive sensors, capacitive sensors, piezoelectric sensors, triboelectric sensors are reviewed. After that, the applications of MXene material-based flexible electronics in human motion monitoring, healthcare, prosthetics, and artificial intelligence are discussed. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for MXene-based tactile sensors are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Teng Lai
- School of Physics and Optoelectric Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511400, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Hua Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Jun Sun
- School of Physics and Optoelectric Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511400, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Tang
- School of Physics and Optoelectric Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511400, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Gui Tang
- School of Physics and Optoelectric Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511400, P. R. China
| | - Vellaisamy A L Roy
- School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
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22
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Dual-gate thin film transistor lactate sensors operating in the subthreshold regime. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 222:114958. [PMID: 36502715 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Organic thin-film transistors (TFTs) with an electrochemically functionalized sensing gate are promising platforms for wearable health-monitoring technologies because they are light, flexible, and cheap. Achieving both high sensitivity and low power is highly demanding for portable or wearable devices. In this work, we present flexible printed dual-gate (DG) organic TFTs operating in the subthreshold regime with ultralow power and high sensitivity. The subthreshold operation of the gate-modulated TFT-based sensors not only increases the sensitivity but also reduces the power consumption. The DG configuration has deeper depletion and stronger accumulation, thereby further making the subthreshold slope sharper. We integrate an enzymatic lactate-sensing extended-gate electrode into the printed DG TFT and achieve exceptionally high sensitivity (0.77) and ultralow static power consumption (10 nW). Our sensors are successfully demonstrated in physiological lactate monitoring with human saliva. The accuracy of the DG TFT sensing system is as good as that of a high-cost conventional assay. The developed platform can be readily extended to various materials and technologies for high performance wearable sensing applications.
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23
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Lai QT, Sun QJ, Tang Z, Tang XG, Zhao XH. Conjugated Polymer-Based Nanocomposites for Pressure Sensors. Molecules 2023; 28:1627. [PMID: 36838615 PMCID: PMC9964060 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Flexible sensors are the essential foundations of pressure sensing, microcomputer sensing systems, and wearable devices. The flexible tactile sensor can sense stimuli by converting external forces into electrical signals. The electrical signals are transmitted to a computer processing system for analysis, realizing real-time health monitoring and human motion detection. According to the working mechanism, tactile sensors are mainly divided into four types-piezoresistive, capacitive, piezoelectric, and triboelectric tactile sensors. Conventional silicon-based tactile sensors are often inadequate for flexible electronics due to their limited mechanical flexibility. In comparison, polymeric nanocomposites are flexible and stretchable, which makes them excellent candidates for flexible and wearable tactile sensors. Among the promising polymers, conjugated polymers (CPs), due to their unique chemical structures and electronic properties that contribute to their high electrical and mechanical conductivity, show great potential for flexible sensors and wearable devices. In this paper, we first introduce the parameters of pressure sensors. Then, we describe the operating principles of resistive, capacitive, piezoelectric, and triboelectric sensors, and review the pressure sensors based on conjugated polymer nanocomposites that were reported in recent years. After that, we introduce the performance characteristics of flexible sensors, regarding their applications in healthcare, human motion monitoring, electronic skin, wearable devices, and artificial intelligence. In addition, we summarize and compare the performances of conjugated polymer nanocomposite-based pressure sensors that were reported in recent years. Finally, we summarize the challenges and future directions of conjugated polymer nanocomposite-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Teng Lai
- School of Physics and Optoelectric Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Qi-Jun Sun
- School of Physics and Optoelectric Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 511400, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 518060, China
| | - Zhenhua Tang
- School of Physics and Optoelectric Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Xin-Gui Tang
- School of Physics and Optoelectric Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Xin-Hua Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518060, China
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24
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Park JA, Youm Y, Lee HR, Lee Y, Barron SL, Kwak T, Park GT, Song YC, Owens RM, Kim JH, Jung S. Transfer-Tattoo-Like Cell-Sheet Delivery Induced by Interfacial Cell Migration. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2204390. [PMID: 36066995 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A direct transfer of a cell sheet from a culture surface to a target tissue is introduced. Commercially available, flexible parylene is used as the culture surface, and it is proposed that the UV-treated parylene offers adequate and intermediate levels of cell adhesiveness for both the stable cell attachment during culture and for the efficient cell transfer to a target surface. The versatility of this cell-transfer process is demonstrated with various cell types, including MRC-5, HDFn, HULEC-5a, MC3T3-E1, A549, C2C12 cells, and MDCK-II cells. The novel cell-sheet engineering is based on a mechanism of interfacial cell migration between two surfaces with different adhesion preferences. Monitoring of cytoskeletal dynamics and drug treatments during the cell-transfer process reveals that the interfacial cell migration occurs by utilizing the existing transmembrane proteins on the cell surface to bind to the targeted surface. The re-establishment and reversal of cell polarity after the transfer process are also identified. Its unique capabilities of 3D multilayer stacking, freeform design, and curved surface application are demonstrated. Finally, the therapeutic potential of the cell-sheet delivery system is demonstrated by applying it to cutaneous wound healing and skin-tissue regeneration in mice models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju An Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Yejin Youm
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Rim Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongwoo Lee
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarah L Barron
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Taejeong Kwak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Tae Park
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Cheol Song
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Róisín M Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjune Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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25
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Li Y, Wei Y, Yang Y, Zheng L, Luo L, Gao J, Jiang H, Song J, Xu M, Wang X, Huang W. The Soft-Strain Effect Enabled High-Performance Flexible Pressure Sensor and Its Application in Monitoring Pulse Waves. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2022; 2022:0002. [PMID: 39290969 PMCID: PMC11407520 DOI: 10.34133/research.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Flexible and wearable pressure sensors attached to human skin are effective and convenient in accurate and real-time tracking of various physiological signals for disease diagnosis and health assessment. Conventional flexible pressure sensors are constructed using compressible dielectric or conductive layers, which are electrically sensitive to external mechanical stimulation. However, saturated deformation under large compression significantly restrains the detection range and sensitivity of such sensors. Here, we report a novel type of flexible pressure sensor to overcome the compression saturation of the sensing layer by soft-strain effect, enabling an ultra-high sensitivity of ~636 kPa-1 and a wide detection range from 0.1 kPa to 56 kPa. In addition, the cyclic loading-unloading test reveals the excellent stability of the sensor, which maintains its signal detection after 10,000 cycles of 10 kPa compression. The sensor is capable of monitoring arterial pulse waves from both deep tissue and distal parts, such as digital arteries and dorsal pedal arteries, which can be used for blood pressure estimation by pulse transit time at the same artery branch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yabao Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Lei Luo
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Jiuwei Gao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Hanjun Jiang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Juncai Song
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Manzhang Xu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 218 Qingyi Road, Ningbo, 315103, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211800, China
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26
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Kim H, Choi S, Lee B, Seo J, Lee S, Yoon J, Hong Y. Nonpatterned Soft Piezoresistive Films with Filamentous Conduction Paths for Mimicking Multiple-Resolution Receptors of Human Skin. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:55088-55097. [PMID: 36458332 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soft pressure sensors play key roles as input devices of electronic skin (E-skin) to imitate real human skin. For efficient data acquisition according to stimulus types such as detailed pressure images or macroscopic strength of stimuli, soft pressure sensors can have variable spatial resolution, just like the uneven spatial distribution of pressure-sensing receptors on the human body. However, previous methods on soft pressure sensors cannot achieve such tunability of spatial resolution because their sensor materials and read-out electrodes need to be elaborately patterned for a specific sensor density. Here, we report a universal soft pressure-sensitive platform based on anisotropically self-assembled ferromagnetic particles embedded in elastomer matrices whose spatial resolution can be facilely tuned. Various spatial densities of pressure-sensing receptors of human body parts can be implemented by simply sandwiching the film between soft electrodes with different pitches. Since the anisotropically aligned nickel particles form independent filamentous conductive paths, the pressure sensors show spatial sensing ability without crosstalk, whose spatial resolution up to 100 dpi can be achieved from a single platform. The sensor array shows a wide dynamic range capable of detecting various pressure levels, such as liquid drops (∼30 Pa) and plantar (∼300 kPa) pressures. Our universal soft pressure-sensing platform would be a key enabling technology for actually imitating the receptor systems of human skin in robot and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanul Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center (ISRC), Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Korea
| | | | - Byeongmoon Lee
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul02792, Korea
| | - Jiseok Seo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center (ISRC), Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Korea
| | - Seunghwan Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center (ISRC), Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Korea
| | - Jinsu Yoon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center (ISRC), Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Korea
| | - Yongtaek Hong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center (ISRC), Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Korea
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27
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Owida HA. Biomechanical Sensing Systems for Cardiac Activity Monitoring. Int J Biomater 2022; 2022:8312564. [PMID: 36438068 PMCID: PMC9699781 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8312564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is consistently ranked high among the causes of death on a global scale. Monitoring of cardiovascular signs throughout the course of a long period of time and in real time is necessary in order to discover anomalies and begin early intervention at the appropriate time. To this purpose, a significant amount of interest among researchers has been directed toward the creation of flexible sensors that may be worn or implanted and are capable of constant, immediate observation of a variety of main physiological indicators. The real-time readings of the heart and arteries' pressure fluctuations can be reflected directly by mechanical sensors, which are one of the many types of sensors. Potential benefits of mechanical sensors include excellent accuracy and considerable versatility. Capacitive, piezoresistive, piezoelectric, and triboelectric principles are the foundations of the four types of mechanical sensors that are discussed in this article as recent developments for the purpose of monitoring the cardiovascular system. The biomechanical systems that are present in the cardiovascular system are then detailed, along with their monitoring, and this includes blood and endocardial pressure, pulse wave, and heart rhythm. In conclusion, we examine the usefulness of the use of continuous health monitoring for the treatment of vascular disease and highlight the difficulties associated with its translation into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Abu Owida
- Medical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
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28
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Wang S, Zhang Z, Chen Z, Mei D, Wang Y. Development of Pressure Sensor Based Wearable Pulse Detection Device for Radial Pulse Monitoring. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13101699. [PMID: 36296052 PMCID: PMC9609944 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Wearable pulse detection devices can be used for daily human healthcare monitoring; however, the relatively poor flexibility and low sensitivity of the pulse detection devices are hindering the scrutiny of pulse information during pulse diagnosis of different pulse positions. This paper developed a novel and wearable pulse detection device based on three flexible pressure sensors using synthetic graphene and silver composites as the pressure sensing material. The structural design of the pulse detection device is firstly presented; the core component of pressure sensors is using the sawtooth protrusions to convert pressure induced by radial pulse vibrations into localized deformation of graphene composites. The fabricated pulse detection device is characterized by high pressure sensing performance, including relatively high sensitivity (8.65% kPa-1), broad sensing range (12 kPa), and good dynamic response with a response time of about 100 ms. Then, the pulse detection device is worn on a human wrist to detect the pulses from three pulse positions, namely, 'Cun', 'Guan', and 'Chi', and the results demonstrated the capability of using our device to detect pulse signals. The physical conditions of the subject, such as arterial stiffness index, can be further analyzed through the characteristics of the acquired pulse signals, demonstrating the potential application of using wearable pulse detection devices for human health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhinan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Deqing Mei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yancheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Donghai Laboratory, Zhoushan 316021, China
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29
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Andreozzi E, Sabbadini R, Centracchio J, Bifulco P, Irace A, Breglio G, Riccio M. Multimodal Finger Pulse Wave Sensing: Comparison of Forcecardiography and Photoplethysmography Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22197566. [PMID: 36236663 PMCID: PMC9570799 DOI: 10.3390/s22197566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Pulse waves (PWs) are mechanical waves that propagate from the ventricles through the whole vascular system as brisk enlargements of the blood vessels' lumens, caused by sudden increases in local blood pressure. Photoplethysmography (PPG) is one of the most widespread techniques employed for PW sensing due to its ability to measure blood oxygen saturation. Other sensors and techniques have been proposed to record PWs, and include applanation tonometers, piezoelectric sensors, force sensors of different kinds, and accelerometers. The performances of these sensors have been analyzed individually, and their results have been found not to be in good agreement (e.g., in terms of PW morphology and the physiological parameters extracted). Such a comparison has led to a deeper comprehension of their strengths and weaknesses, and ultimately, to the consideration that a multimodal approach accomplished via sensor fusion would lead to a more robust, reliable, and potentially more informative methodology for PW monitoring. However, apart from various multichannel and multi-site systems proposed in the literature, no true multimodal sensors for PW recording have been proposed yet that acquire PW signals simultaneously from the same measurement site. In this study, a true multimodal PW sensor is presented, which was obtained by integrating a piezoelectric forcecardiography (FCG) sensor and a PPG sensor, thus enabling simultaneous mechanical-optical measurements of PWs from the same site on the body. The novel sensor performance was assessed by measuring the finger PWs of five healthy subjects at rest. The preliminary results of this study showed, for the first time, that a delay exists between the PWs recorded simultaneously by the PPG and FCG sensors. Despite such a delay, the pulse waveforms acquired by the PPG and FCG sensors, along with their first and second derivatives, had very high normalized cross-correlation indices in excess of 0.98. Six well-established morphological parameters of the PWs were compared via linear regression, correlation, and Bland-Altman analyses, which showed that some of these parameters were not in good agreement for all subjects. The preliminary results of this proof-of-concept study must be confirmed in a much larger cohort of subjects. Further investigation is also necessary to shed light on the physical origin of the observed delay between optical and mechanical PW signals. This research paves the way for the development of true multimodal, wearable, integrated sensors and for potential sensor fusion approaches to improve the performance of PW monitoring at various body sites.
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30
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Tang C, Liu Z, Li L. Mechanical Sensors for Cardiovascular Monitoring: From Battery-Powered to Self-Powered. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:651. [PMID: 36005046 PMCID: PMC9405976 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Long-term and real-time monitoring of cardiovascular indicators is required to detect abnormalities and conduct early intervention in time. To this end, the development of flexible wearable/implantable sensors for real-time monitoring of various vital signs has aroused extensive interest among researchers. Among the different kinds of sensors, mechanical sensors can reflect the direct information of pressure fluctuations in the cardiovascular system with the advantages of high sensitivity and suitable flexibility. Herein, we first introduce the recent advances of four kinds of mechanical sensors for cardiovascular system monitoring, based on capacitive, piezoresistive, piezoelectric, and triboelectric principles. Then, the physio-mechanical mechanisms in the cardiovascular system and their monitoring are described, including pulse wave, blood pressure, heart rhythm, endocardial pressure, etc. Finally, we emphasize the importance of real-time physiological monitoring in the treatment of cardiovascular disease and discuss its challenges in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyu Tang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhirong Liu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Linlin Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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31
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Luczak A, Mitra KY, Baumann RR, Zichner R, Luszczynska B, Jung J. Fully inkjet-printed flexible organic voltage inverters as a basic component in digital NOT gates. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10887. [PMID: 35764794 PMCID: PMC9240068 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14797-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In relation to conventional vacuum-based processing techniques inkjet printing enables upscaling fabrication of basic electronic elements, such as transistors and diodes. We present the fully inkjet printed flexible electronic circuits, including organic voltage inverter which can work as a NOT logic gate. For this purpose the special ink compositions were formulated to preparation of gate dielectric layer containing poly (4-vinylphenol) and of the semiconductor layer poly[2,5-(2-octyldodecyl)-3,6-diketopyrrolopyrrole-alt-5,5-(2,5-di(thien-2-yl)thieno [3,2-b]thiophene)]. A printed photoxidized poly (3-hexyltiophene) semiconductor was used as the active layer of the resistors. The operation of the printed inverters and NOT logic gates was analyzed based on the DC current-voltage characteristics of the devices. The resistance of the devices to atmospheric air was also tested. Not encapsulated samples stored for three years under ambient conditions. Followed by annealing to remove moisture showed unchanged electrical parameters in comparison to freshly printed samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Luczak
- Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Kalyan Y Mitra
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Print and Media Technology, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Reichenhainer Strasse 70, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany.,Department Printed Functionalities, Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems ENAS, Technologie-Campus 3, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Reinhard R Baumann
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Print and Media Technology, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Reichenhainer Strasse 70, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany.,Department Printed Functionalities, Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems ENAS, Technologie-Campus 3, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Ralf Zichner
- Department Printed Functionalities, Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems ENAS, Technologie-Campus 3, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Beata Luszczynska
- Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Jung
- Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland.
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32
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Veerapandian S, Kim W, Kim J, Jo Y, Jung S, Jeong U. Printable inks and deformable electronic array devices. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:663-681. [PMID: 35660837 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00089j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Deformable printed electronic array devices are expected to revolutionize next-generation electronics. However, although remarkable technological advances in printable inks and deformable electronic array devices have recently been achieved, technical challenges remain to commercialize these technologies. In this review article a brief introduction to printing methods highlighting significant research studies on ink formation for conductors, semiconductors, and insulators is provided, and the structural design and successful printing strategies of deformable electronic array devices are described. Successful device demonstrations are presented in the applications of passive- and active-matrix array devices. Finally, perspectives and technological challenges to be achieved are pointed out to print practically available deformable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Veerapandian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woojo Kim
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngmin Jo
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjune Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Unyong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
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Wu J, Fan X, Liu X, Ji X, Shi X, Wu W, Yue Z, Liang J. Highly Sensitive Temperature-Pressure Bimodal Aerogel with Stimulus Discriminability for Human Physiological Monitoring. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:4459-4467. [PMID: 35608193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal sensor with high sensitivity, accurate sensing resolution, and stimuli discriminability is very desirable for human physiological state monitoring. A dual-sensing aerogel is fabricated with independent pyro-piezoresistive behavior by leveraging MXene and semicrystalline polymer to assemble shrinkable nanochannel structures inside multilevel cellular walls of aerogel for discriminable temperature and pressure sensing. The shrinkable nanochannels, controlled by the melt flow-triggered volume change of semicrystalline polymer, act as thermoresponsive conductive channels to endow the pyroresistive aerogel with negative temperature coefficient of resistance of -10.0% °C-1 and high accuracy within 0.2 °C in human physiological temperature range of 30-40 °C. The flexible cellular walls, working as pressure-responsive conductive channels, enable the piezoresistive aerogel to exhibit a pressure sensitivity up to 777 kPa-1 with a detectable pressure limit of 0.05 Pa. The pyro-piezoresistive aerogel can detect the temperature-dependent characteristics of pulse pressure waveforms from artery vessels under different human body temperature states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiangqian Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xue Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xinyi Ji
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xinlei Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Department of Microelectronics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhao Yue
- Department of Microelectronics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jiajie Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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