1
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SureshKumar H, Appadurai R, Srivastava A. Glycans modulate lipid binding in Lili-Mip lipocalin protein: insights from molecular simulations and protein network analyses. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwad094. [PMID: 38015986 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The unique viviparous Pacific Beetle cockroaches provide nutrition to their embryo by secreting milk proteins Lili-Mip, a lipid-binding glycoprotein that crystallises in-vivo. The resolved in-vivo crystal structure of variably glycosylated Lili-Mip shows a classical Lipocalin fold with an eight-stranded antiparallel beta-barrel enclosing a fatty acid. The availability of physiologically unaltered glycoprotein structure makes Lili-Mip a very attractive model system to investigate the role of glycans on protein structure, dynamics, and function. Towards that end, we have employed all-atom molecular dynamics simulations on various glycosylated stages of a bound and free Lili-Mip protein and characterised the impact of glycans and the bound lipid on the dynamics of this glycoconjugate. Our work provides important molecular-level mechanistic insights into the role of glycans in the nutrient storage function of the Lili-Mip protein. Our analyses show that the glycans stabilise spatially proximal residues and regulate the low amplitude opening motions of the residues at the entrance of the binding pocket. Glycans also preserve the native orientation and conformational flexibility of the ligand. However, we find that either deglycosylation or glycosylation with high-mannose and paucimannose on the core glycans, which better mimic the natural insect glycosylation state, significantly affects the conformation and dynamics. A simple but effective distance- and correlation-based network analysis of the protein also reveals the key residues regulating the barrel's architecture and ligand binding characteristics in response to glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini SureshKumar
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, C. V. Raman Road, Bangalore, KA 560012, India
| | - Rajeswari Appadurai
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, C. V. Raman Road, Bangalore, KA 560012, India
| | - Anand Srivastava
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, C. V. Raman Road, Bangalore, KA 560012, India
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2
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Chatham JC, Patel RP. Protein glycosylation in cardiovascular health and disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024:10.1038/s41569-024-00998-z. [PMID: 38499867 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-024-00998-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation, which involves the attachment of carbohydrates to proteins, is one of the most abundant protein co-translational and post-translational modifications. Advances in technology have substantially increased our knowledge of the biosynthetic pathways involved in protein glycosylation, as well as how changes in glycosylation can affect cell function. In addition, our understanding of the role of protein glycosylation in disease processes is growing, particularly in the context of immune system function, infectious diseases, neurodegeneration and cancer. Several decades ago, cell surface glycoproteins were found to have an important role in regulating ion transport across the cardiac sarcolemma. However, with very few exceptions, our understanding of how changes in protein glycosylation influence cardiovascular (patho)physiology remains remarkably limited. Therefore, in this Review, we aim to provide an overview of N-linked and O-linked protein glycosylation, including intracellular O-linked N-acetylglucosamine protein modification. We discuss our current understanding of how all forms of protein glycosylation contribute to normal cardiovascular function and their roles in cardiovascular disease. Finally, we highlight potential gaps in our knowledge about the effects of protein glycosylation on the heart and vascular system, highlighting areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Chatham
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Rakesh P Patel
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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3
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Wu A, Salom D, Hong JD, Tworak A, Watanabe K, Pardon E, Steyaert J, Kandori H, Katayama K, Kiser PD, Palczewski K. Structural basis for the allosteric modulation of rhodopsin by nanobody binding to its extracellular domain. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5209. [PMID: 37626045 PMCID: PMC10457330 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40911-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhodopsin is a prototypical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) critical for vertebrate vision. Research on GPCR signaling states has been facilitated using llama-derived nanobodies (Nbs), some of which bind to the intracellular surface to allosterically modulate the receptor. Extracellularly binding allosteric nanobodies have also been investigated, but the structural basis for their activity has not been resolved to date. Here, we report a library of Nbs that bind to the extracellular surface of rhodopsin and allosterically modulate the thermodynamics of its activation process. Crystal structures of Nb2 in complex with native rhodopsin reveal a mechanism of allosteric modulation involving extracellular loop 2 and native glycans. Nb2 binding suppresses Schiff base deprotonation and hydrolysis and prevents intracellular outward movement of helices five and six - a universal activation event for GPCRs. Nb2 also mitigates protein misfolding in a disease-associated mutant rhodopsin. Our data show the power of nanobodies to modulate the photoactivation of rhodopsin and potentially serve as therapeutic agents for disease-associated rhodopsin misfolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arum Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - David Salom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - John D Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Aleksander Tworak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Kohei Watanabe
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466- 8555, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Els Pardon
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan Steyaert
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hideki Kandori
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466- 8555, Japan
- OptoBioTechnology Research Center, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Kota Katayama
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466- 8555, Japan.
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
- OptoBioTechnology Research Center, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan.
| | - Philip D Kiser
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Research Service, VA Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA, USA.
| | - Krzysztof Palczewski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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4
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Beerkens BL, Snijders IM, Snoeck J, Liu R, Tool ATJ, Le Dévédec SE, Jespers W, Kuijpers TW, van Westen GJ, Heitman LH, IJzerman AP, van der Es D. Development of an Affinity-Based Probe to Profile Endogenous Human Adenosine A3 Receptor Expression. J Med Chem 2023; 66:11399-11413. [PMID: 37531576 PMCID: PMC10461224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The adenosine A3 receptor (A3AR) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that exerts immunomodulatory effects in pathophysiological conditions such as inflammation and cancer. Thus far, studies toward the downstream effects of A3AR activation have yielded contradictory results, thereby motivating the need for further investigations. Various chemical and biological tools have been developed for this purpose, ranging from fluorescent ligands to antibodies. Nevertheless, these probes are limited by their reversible mode of binding, relatively large size, and often low specificity. Therefore, in this work, we have developed a clickable and covalent affinity-based probe (AfBP) to target the human A3AR. Herein, we show validation of the synthesized AfBP in radioligand displacement, SDS-PAGE, and confocal microscopy experiments as well as utilization of the AfBP for the detection of endogenous A3AR expression in flow cytometry experiments. Ultimately, this AfBP will aid future studies toward the expression and function of the A3AR in pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert L.
H. Beerkens
- Division
of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333
CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Inge M. Snijders
- Division
of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333
CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joep Snoeck
- Division
of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333
CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rongfang Liu
- Division
of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333
CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anton T. J. Tool
- Department
of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Plesmalaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia E. Le Dévédec
- Division
of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333
CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Jespers
- Division
of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333
CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Taco W. Kuijpers
- Department
of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Plesmalaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department
of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma
Children’s Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard J.P. van Westen
- Division
of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333
CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laura H. Heitman
- Division
of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333
CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Oncode
Institute, Einsteinweg
55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan P. IJzerman
- Division
of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333
CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daan van der Es
- Division
of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333
CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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5
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Våbenø J, Oliva-Santiago M, Jørgensen AS, Karlshøj S, Rosenkilde MM. Identification of a Salt Bridge That Is Functionally Important for Chemokine Receptor CXCR1 but not CXCR2. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1120-1128. [PMID: 37588755 PMCID: PMC10425996 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
CXC chemokine receptors 1 (CXCR1) and 2 (CXCR2) have high sequence similarity and overlapping chemokine ligand profiles. Residue positions 3.32 and 7.39 are critical for signal transduction in the related CXCR4, and in these positions CXCR1 and CXCR2 contain oppositely charged residues (Lys3.32 and Glu7.39). Experimental and computed receptor structures reveal the possible formation of a salt bridge between transmembrane (TM) helices 3 and 7 via these two residues. To investigate the functional importance of Lys1173.32 and Glu2917.39 in CXCR1, along with the flanking Glu1183.33, we performed a signaling study on 16 CXCR1 mutants using two different CXCL8 isoforms. While single Ala-mutation (K1173.32A, E2917.39A) and charge reversal (K1173.32E, E2917.39K) resulted in nonfunctional receptors, double (K1173.32E-E2917.39K) and triple (K1173.32E-E1183.33A-E2917.39K) mutants rescued CXCR1 function. In contrast, the corresponding mutations did not affect the CXCR2 function to the same extent. Our findings show that the Lys3.32-Glu7.39 salt bridge between TM3 and -7 is functionally important for CXCR1 but not for CXCR2, meaning that signal transduction for these highly homologous receptors is not conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Våbenø
- Helgeland
Hospital Trust, Prestmarkveien
1, 8800 Sandnessjøen, Norway
| | - Marta Oliva-Santiago
- Laboratory
for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty
of Health and Medical Sciences, University
of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Astrid S. Jørgensen
- Laboratory
for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty
of Health and Medical Sciences, University
of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Stefanie Karlshøj
- Laboratory
for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty
of Health and Medical Sciences, University
of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Mette M. Rosenkilde
- Laboratory
for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty
of Health and Medical Sciences, University
of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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6
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Kaipa JM, Krasnoselska G, Owens RJ, van den Heuvel J. Screening of Membrane Protein Production by Comparison of Transient Expression in Insect and Mammalian Cells. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050817. [PMID: 37238687 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane proteins are difficult biomolecules to express and purify. In this paper, we compare the small-scale production of six selected eukaryotic integral membrane proteins in insect and mammalian cell expression systems using different techniques for gene delivery. The target proteins were C terminally fused to the green fluorescent marker protein GFP to enable sensitive monitoring. We show that the choice of expression systems makes a considerable difference to the yield and quality of the six selected membrane proteins. Virus-free transient gene expression (TGE) in insect High Five cells combined with solubilization in dodecylmaltoside plus cholesteryl hemisuccinate generated the most homogeneous samples for all six targets. Further, the affinity purification of the solubilized proteins using the Twin-Strep® tag improved protein quality in terms of yield and homogeneity compared to His-tag purification. TGE in High Five insect cells offers a fast and economically attractive alternative to the established methods that require either baculovirus construction and the infection of the insect cells or relatively expensive transient gene expression in mammalian cells for the production of integral membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ganna Krasnoselska
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 18.5, 42, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Raymond J Owens
- Structural Biology Division, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Joop van den Heuvel
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Department of Structure and Function of Proteins, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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7
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Entsie P, Kang Y, Amoafo EB, Schöneberg T, Liverani E. The Signaling Pathway of the ADP Receptor P2Y12 in the Immune System: Recent Discoveries and New Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076709. [PMID: 37047682 PMCID: PMC10095349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
P2Y12 is a G-protein-coupled receptor that is activated upon ADP binding. Considering its well-established role in platelet activation, blocking P2Y12 has been used as a therapeutic strategy for antiplatelet aggregation in cardiovascular disease patients. However, receptor studies have shown that P2Y12 is functionally expressed not only in platelets and the microglia but also in other cells of the immune system, such as in monocytes, dendritic cells, and T lymphocytes. As a result, studies were carried out investigating whether therapies targeting P2Y12 could also ameliorate inflammatory conditions, such as sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis, neuroinflammation, cancer, COVID-19, atherosclerosis, and diabetes-associated inflammation in animal models and human subjects. This review reports what is known about the expression of P2Y12 in the cells of the immune system and the effect of P2Y12 activation and/or inhibition in inflammatory conditions. Lastly, we will discuss the major problems and challenges in studying this receptor and provide insights on how they can be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philomena Entsie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | - Ying Kang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | - Emmanuel Boadi Amoafo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | - Torsten Schöneberg
- Division of Molecular Biochemistry, Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elisabetta Liverani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
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8
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Libanje F, Delille R, Young PA, Rolland S, Meyer-Losic F, Lewkowicz E, Klinz S. NTSR1 glycosylation and MMP dependent cleavage generate three distinct forms of the protein. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4663. [PMID: 36949141 PMCID: PMC10033925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31790-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
NTSR1 abnormal expression by cancer cells makes it a strategic target for antitumoral therapies, such as compounds that use NTSR1 binding probes to deliver cytotoxic agents to tumor cells. Success of these therapies relies on NTSR1 protein availability and accessibility; therefore, understanding the protein's biology is crucial. We studied NTSR1 protein in exogenously and endogenously expressing non-tumoral and tumoral cells. We found NTSR1 to be expressed as three distinct protein forms: the NTSR1-high form, a glycosylated protein; the NTSR1-low form, a N-terminally cleaved and de-glycosylated protein; and the NTSR1-LP protein with the MW size predicted by its NTSR1 amino acid sequence. We show that the NTSR1-high form is cleaved by MMPs to generate the NTSR1-low form, a process that is promoted by the Neurotensin (NTS) ligand. In addition, NTS induced the internalization of plasma membrane localized NTSR1 and degradation of NTSR1-low form via the proteasome. Importantly, we found NTSR1-low form to be the most abundant form in the tumoral cells and in PDAC Patient Derived Xenograft, demonstrating its physiopathological relevance. Altogether, our work provides important technical and experimental tools as well as new crucial insights into NTSR1 protein biology that are required to develop clinically relevant NTSR1 targeting anti-tumoral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotine Libanje
- Translational Biomarkers and Pharmacology, IPSEN Innovation, Les Ulis, France.
| | - Raphael Delille
- Translational Biomarkers and Pharmacology, IPSEN Innovation, Les Ulis, France
| | - Pamela A Young
- Translational Biomarkers and Pharmacology, IPSEN Innovation, Les Ulis, France
| | - Sylvie Rolland
- Translational Biomarkers and Pharmacology, IPSEN Innovation, Les Ulis, France
| | | | - Elodie Lewkowicz
- Translational Biomarkers and Pharmacology, IPSEN Innovation, Les Ulis, France
| | - Stephan Klinz
- Early Development and Translational Sciences, IPSEN Bioscience, Cambridge, USA
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9
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"Glyco-sulfo barcodes" regulate chemokine receptor function. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:55. [PMID: 36729338 PMCID: PMC9894980 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04697-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine ligands and receptors regulate the directional migration of leukocytes. Post-translational modifications of chemokine receptors including O-glycosylation and tyrosine sulfation have been reported to regulate ligand binding and resulting signaling. Through in silico analyses, we determined potential conserved O-glycosylation and sulfation sites on human and murine CC chemokine receptors. Glyco-engineered CHO cell lines were used to measure the impact of O-glycosylation on CC chemokine receptor CCR5, while mutation of tyrosine residues and treatment with sodium chlorate were performed to determine the effect of tyrosine sulfation. Changing the glycosylation or tyrosine sulfation on CCR5 reduced the receptor signaling by the more positively charged CCL5 and CCL8 more profoundly compared to the less charged CCL3. The loss of negatively charged sialic acids resulted only in a minor effect on CCL3-induced signal transduction. The enzymes GalNAc-T1 and GalNAc-T11 were shown to be involved in the process of chemokine receptor O-glycosylation. These results indicate that O-glycosylation and tyrosine sulfation are involved in the fine-tuning and recognition of chemokine interactions with CCR5 and the resulting signaling.
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10
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Beerkens BL, Koç Ç, Liu R, Florea BI, Le Dévédec SE, Heitman LH, IJzerman AP, van der Es D. A Chemical Biological Approach to Study G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Labeling the Adenosine A 1 Receptor Using an Electrophilic Covalent Probe. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:3131-3139. [PMID: 36279267 PMCID: PMC9679998 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been known for decades as attractive drug targets. This has led to the development and approval of many ligands targeting GPCRs. Although ligand binding effects have been studied thoroughly for many GPCRs, there are multiple aspects of GPCR signaling that remain poorly understood. The reasons for this are the difficulties that are encountered upon studying GPCRs, for example, a poor solubility and low expression levels. In this work, we have managed to overcome some of these issues by developing an affinity-based probe for a prototypic GPCR, the adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR). Here, we show the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of this probe in various biochemical assays, such as SDS-PAGE, confocal microscopy, and chemical proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert L.
H. Beerkens
- Division
of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Çağla Koç
- Division
of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rongfang Liu
- Division
of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bogdan I. Florea
- Department
of Bioorganic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia E. Le Dévédec
- Division
of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laura H. Heitman
- Division
of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands,Oncode
Institute, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan P. IJzerman
- Division
of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daan van der Es
- Division
of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands,
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11
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The N-Linked Glycosylation Site N191 Is Necessary for PKA Signal Transduction in Eel Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112792. [PMID: 36361582 PMCID: PMC9655291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) contains several N-linked glycosylation sites in its extracellular region. We conducted the present study to determine whether conserved glycosylated sites in eel FSHR are necessary for cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signal transduction. We used site-directed mutagenesis to induce four mutations (N120Q, N191Q, N272Q, and N288Q) in the N-linked glycosylation sites of eel FSHR. In the eel FSHR wild-type (wt), the cAMP response was gradually increased in a dose-dependent manner (0.01–1500 ng/mL), displaying a high response (approximately 57.5 nM/104 cells) at the Rmax level. Three mutants (N120Q, N272Q, and N288Q) showed a considerably decreased signal transduction as a result of high-ligand treatment, whereas one mutant (N191Q) exhibited a completely impaired signal transduction. The expression level of the N191Q mutant was only 9.2% relative to that of the eel FSHR-wt, indicating a negligible expression level. The expression levels of the N120Q and N272Q mutants were approximately 35.9% and 24% of the FSHG-wt, respectively. The N288Q mutant had an expression level similar to that of the eel FSHR-wt, despite the mostly impaired cAMP responsiveness. The loss of the cell surface agonist-receptor complexes was very rapid in the cells expressing eel FSHR-wt and FSHR-N288Q mutants. Specifically, the N191Q mutant was completely impaired by the loss of cell surface receptors, despite treatment with a high concentration of the agonist. Therefore, we suggest that the N191 site is necessary for cAMP signal transduction. This finding implies that the cAMP response, mediated by G proteins, is directly related to the loss of cell surface receptors as a result of high-agonist treatment.
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12
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Piper SJ, Johnson RM, Wootten D, Sexton PM. Membranes under the Magnetic Lens: A Dive into the Diverse World of Membrane Protein Structures Using Cryo-EM. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13989-14017. [PMID: 35849490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Membrane proteins are highly diverse in both structure and function and can, therefore, present different challenges for structure determination. They are biologically important for cells and organisms as gatekeepers for information and molecule transfer across membranes, but each class of membrane proteins can present unique obstacles to structure determination. Historically, many membrane protein structures have been investigated using highly engineered constructs or using larger fusion proteins to improve solubility and/or increase particle size. Other strategies included the deconstruction of the full-length protein to target smaller soluble domains. These manipulations were often required for crystal formation to support X-ray crystallography or to circumvent lower resolution due to high noise and dynamic motions of protein subdomains. However, recent revolutions in membrane protein biochemistry and cryo-electron microscopy now provide an opportunity to solve high resolution structures of both large, >1 megadalton (MDa), and small, <100 kDa (kDa), drug targets in near-native conditions, routinely reaching resolutions around or below 3 Å. This review provides insights into how the recent advances in membrane biology and biochemistry, as well as technical advances in cryo-electron microscopy, help us to solve structures of a large variety of membrane protein groups, from small receptors to large transporters and more complex machineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Piper
- Drug Discovery Biology theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia.,ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel M Johnson
- Drug Discovery Biology theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia.,ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia.,ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia.,ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
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13
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Intrinsically disordered proteins and proteins with intrinsically disordered regions in neurodegenerative diseases. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:679-707. [DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-00968-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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14
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Yeast-based directed-evolution for high-throughput structural stabilization of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Sci Rep 2022; 12:8657. [PMID: 35606532 PMCID: PMC9126886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12731-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The immense potential of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) as targets for drug discovery is not fully realized due to the enormous difficulties associated with structure elucidation of these profoundly unstable membrane proteins. The existing methods of GPCR stability-engineering are cumbersome and low-throughput; in addition, the scope of GPCRs that could benefit from these techniques is limited. Here, we present a yeast-based screening platform for a single-step isolation of GRCR variants stable in the presence of short-chain detergents, a feature essential for their successful crystallization using vapor diffusion method. The yeast detergent-resistant cell wall presents a unique opportunity for compartmentalization, to physically link the receptor's phenotype to its encoding DNA, and thus enable discovery of stable GPCR variants with unprecedent efficiency. The scope of mutations identified by the method reveals a surprising amenability of the GPCR scaffold to stabilization, and suggests an intriguing possibility of amending the stability properties of GPCR by varying the structural status of the C-terminus.
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15
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Anderson RC, Hanyroup S, Song YB, Mohamed-Moosa Z, van den Bout I, Schwulst AC, Kaiser UB, Millar RP, Newton CL. Functional Rescue of Inactivating Mutations of the Human Neurokinin 3 Receptor Using Pharmacological Chaperones. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094587. [PMID: 35562976 PMCID: PMC9100388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) facilitate the majority of signal transductions across cell membranes in humans, with numerous diseases attributed to inactivating GPCR mutations. Many of these mutations result in misfolding during nascent receptor synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), resulting in intracellular retention and degradation. Pharmacological chaperones (PCs) are cell-permeant small molecules that can interact with misfolded receptors in the ER and stabilise/rescue their folding to promote ER exit and trafficking to the cell membrane. The neurokinin 3 receptor (NK3R) plays a pivotal role in the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal reproductive axis. We sought to determine whether NK3R missense mutations result in a loss of cell surface receptor expression and, if so, whether a cell-permeant small molecule NK3R antagonist could be repurposed as a PC to restore function to these mutants. Quantitation of cell surface expression levels of seven mutant NK3Rs identified in hypogonadal patients indicated that five had severely impaired cell surface expression. A small molecule NK3R antagonist, M8, increased cell surface expression in four of these five and resulted in post-translational receptor processing in a manner analogous to the wild type. Importantly, there was a significant improvement in receptor activation in response to neurokinin B (NKB) for all four receptors following their rescue with M8. This demonstrates that M8 may have potential for therapeutic development in the treatment of hypogonadal patients harbouring NK3R mutations. The repurposing of existing small molecule GPCR modulators as PCs represents a novel and therapeutically viable option for the treatment of disorders attributed to mutations in GPCRs that cause intracellular retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross C. Anderson
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Pretoria 0031, South Africa; (S.H.); (Z.M.-M.); (I.v.d.B.); (A.C.S.); (R.P.M.); (C.L.N.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Pretoria 0031, South Africa
- Correspondence:
| | - Sharika Hanyroup
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Pretoria 0031, South Africa; (S.H.); (Z.M.-M.); (I.v.d.B.); (A.C.S.); (R.P.M.); (C.L.N.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Pretoria 0031, South Africa
| | - Yong Bhum Song
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.B.S.); (U.B.K.)
- Division of Research Center, Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Zulfiah Mohamed-Moosa
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Pretoria 0031, South Africa; (S.H.); (Z.M.-M.); (I.v.d.B.); (A.C.S.); (R.P.M.); (C.L.N.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Pretoria 0031, South Africa
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - Iman van den Bout
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Pretoria 0031, South Africa; (S.H.); (Z.M.-M.); (I.v.d.B.); (A.C.S.); (R.P.M.); (C.L.N.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Pretoria 0031, South Africa
| | - Alexis C. Schwulst
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Pretoria 0031, South Africa; (S.H.); (Z.M.-M.); (I.v.d.B.); (A.C.S.); (R.P.M.); (C.L.N.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Pretoria 0031, South Africa
| | - Ursula B. Kaiser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.B.S.); (U.B.K.)
| | - Robert P. Millar
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Pretoria 0031, South Africa; (S.H.); (Z.M.-M.); (I.v.d.B.); (A.C.S.); (R.P.M.); (C.L.N.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Pretoria 0031, South Africa
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- School of Medicine, Medical and Biological Sciences Building, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK
| | - Claire L. Newton
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Pretoria 0031, South Africa; (S.H.); (Z.M.-M.); (I.v.d.B.); (A.C.S.); (R.P.M.); (C.L.N.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Pretoria 0031, South Africa
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
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16
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Larsen O, van der Velden WJC, Mavri M, Schuermans S, Rummel PC, Karlshøj S, Gustavsson M, Proost P, Våbenø J, Rosenkilde MM. Identification of a conserved chemokine receptor motif that enables ligand discrimination. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabg7042. [PMID: 35258997 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abg7042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Extensive ligand-receptor promiscuity in the chemokine signaling system balances beneficial redundancy and specificity. However, this feature poses a major challenge to selectively modulate the system pharmacologically. Here, we identified a conserved cluster of three aromatic receptor residues that anchors the second extracellular loop (ECL2) to the top of receptor transmembrane helices (TM) 4 and 5 and enables recognition of both shared and specific characteristics of interacting chemokines. This cluster was essential for the activation of several chemokine receptors. Furthermore, characteristic motifs of the ß1 strand and 30s loop make the two main CC-chemokine subgroups-the macrophage inflammatory proteins (MIPs) and monocyte chemoattractant proteins (MCPs)-differentially dependent on this cluster in the promiscuous receptors CCR1, CCR2, and CCR5. The cluster additionally enabled CCR1 and CCR5 to discriminate between closely related MIPs based on the N terminus of the chemokine. G protein signaling and β-arrestin2 recruitment assays confirmed the importance of the conserved cluster in receptor discrimination of chemokine ligands. This extracellular site may facilitate the development of chemokine-related therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olav Larsen
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wijnand J C van der Velden
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maša Mavri
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sara Schuermans
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pia C Rummel
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefanie Karlshøj
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Gustavsson
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jon Våbenø
- Helgeland Hospital Trust, Prestmarkveien 1, 8800 Sandnessjøen, Norway
| | - Mette M Rosenkilde
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Degrandmaison J, Rochon-Haché S, Parent JL, Gendron L. Knock-In Mouse Models to Investigate the Functions of Opioid Receptors in vivo. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:807549. [PMID: 35173584 PMCID: PMC8841419 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.807549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their low expression levels, complex multi-pass transmembrane structure, and the current lack of highly specific antibodies, the assessment of endogenous G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) remains challenging. While most of the research regarding their functions was performed in heterologous systems overexpressing the receptor, recent advances in genetic engineering methods have allowed the generation of several unique mouse models. These animals proved to be useful to investigate numerous aspects underlying the physiological functions of GPCRs, including their endogenous expression, distribution, interactome, and trafficking processes. Given their significant pharmacological importance and central roles in the nervous system, opioid peptide receptors (OPr) are often referred to as prototypical receptors for the study of GPCR regulatory mechanisms. Although only a few GPCR knock-in mouse lines have thus far been generated, OPr are strikingly well represented with over 20 different knock-in models, more than half of which were developed within the last 5 years. In this review, we describe the arsenal of OPr (mu-, delta-, and kappa-opioid), as well as the opioid-related nociceptin/orphanin FQ (NOP) receptor knock-in mouse models that have been generated over the past years. We further highlight the invaluable contribution of such models to our understanding of the in vivo mechanisms underlying the regulation of OPr, which could be conceivably transposed to any other GPCR, as well as the limitations, future perspectives, and possibilities enabled by such tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Degrandmaison
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Département de Médecine, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Quebec Network of Junior Pain Investigators, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Samuel Rochon-Haché
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Département de Médecine, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Quebec Network of Junior Pain Investigators, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Luc Parent
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Département de Médecine, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Jean-Luc Parent,
| | - Louis Gendron
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Quebec Pain Research Network, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Louis Gendron,
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18
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Brandum EP, Jørgensen AS, Calvo MB, Spiess K, Peterson FC, Yang Z, Volkman BF, Veldkamp CT, Rosenkilde MM, Goth CK, Hjortø GM. Selective Boosting of CCR7-Acting Chemokines; Short Peptides Boost Chemokines with Short Basic Tails, Longer Peptides Boost Chemokines with Long Basic Tails. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031397. [PMID: 35163323 PMCID: PMC8836243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CCR7 and its ligands CCL19 and CCL21 regulate the lymph node homing of dendritic cells and naïve T-cells and the following induction of a motile DC-T cell priming state. Although CCL19 and CCL21 bind CCR7 with similar affinities, CCL21 is a weak agonist compared to CCL19. Using a chimeric chemokine, CCL19CCL21N-term|C-term, harboring the N-terminus and the C-terminus of CCL21 attached to the core domain of CCL19, we show that these parts of CCL21 act in a synergistic manner to lower ligand potency and determine the way CCL21 engages with CCR7. We have published that a naturally occurring basic C-terminal fragment of CCL21 (C21TP) boosts the signaling of both CCL19 and CCL21. Boosting occurs as a direct consequence of C21TP binding to the CCR7 N-terminus, which seems to free chemokines with basic C-termini from an unfavorable interaction with negatively charged posttranslational modifications in CCR7. Here, we confirm this using a CCL19-variant lacking the basic C-terminus. This variant displays a 22-fold higher potency at CCR7 compared to WT CCL19 and is highly unaffected by the presence of C21TP. WT CCL19 has a short basic C-terminus, CCL21 a longer one. Here, we propose a way to differentially boost CCL19 and CCL21 activity as short and long versions of C21TP boost CCL19 activity, whereas only a long C21TP version can boost chemokines with a full-length CCL21 C-terminus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Probst Brandum
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (E.P.B.); (A.S.J.); (K.S.); (M.M.R.); (C.K.G.)
| | - Astrid Sissel Jørgensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (E.P.B.); (A.S.J.); (K.S.); (M.M.R.); (C.K.G.)
| | | | - Katja Spiess
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (E.P.B.); (A.S.J.); (K.S.); (M.M.R.); (C.K.G.)
- Virus and Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Francis C. Peterson
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (F.C.P.); (B.F.V.)
| | - Zhang Yang
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Noerregade 10, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Brian F. Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (F.C.P.); (B.F.V.)
| | | | - Mette Marie Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (E.P.B.); (A.S.J.); (K.S.); (M.M.R.); (C.K.G.)
| | - Christoffer Knak Goth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (E.P.B.); (A.S.J.); (K.S.); (M.M.R.); (C.K.G.)
| | - Gertrud Malene Hjortø
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (E.P.B.); (A.S.J.); (K.S.); (M.M.R.); (C.K.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-29-869220
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19
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Martínez-Morales JC, Romero-Ávila MT, Reyes-Cruz G, García-Sáinz JA. Roles of receptor phosphorylation and Rab proteins in G protein-coupled receptor function and trafficking. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 101:144-153. [PMID: 34969830 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The G Protein-Coupled Receptors form the most abundant family of membrane proteins and are crucial physiological players in the homeostatic equilibrium, which we define as health. They also participate in the pathogenesis of many diseases and are frequent targets of therapeutic intervention. Considering their importance, it is not surprising that different mechanisms regulate their function, including desensitization, resensitization, internalization, recycling to the plasma membrane, and degradation. These processes are modulated in a highly coordinated and specific way by protein kinases and phosphatases, ubiquitin ligases, protein adaptors, interaction with multifunctional complexes, molecular motors, phospholipid metabolism, and membrane distribution. This review describes significant advances in the study of the regulation of these receptors by phosphorylation and endosomal traffic (where signaling can take place); we revisited the bar code hypothesis and include two additional observations: a) that different phosphorylation patterns seem to be associated with internalization and endosome sorting for recycling or degradation, and b) that, surprisingly, phosphorylation of some G protein-coupled receptors appears to be required for proper receptor insertion into the plasma membrane. Significance Statement G protein-coupled receptor phosphorylation is an early event in desensitization/ signaling switching, endosomal traffic, and internalization. These events seem crucial for receptor responsiveness, cellular localization, and fate (recycling/ degradation) with important pharmacological/ therapeutic implications. Phosphorylation sites vary depending on the cells in which they are expressed and on the stimulus that leads to such covalent modification. Surprisingly, evidence suggests that phosphorylation also seems to be required for proper insertion into the plasma membrane for some receptors.
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20
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Loaeza-Reyes KJ, Zenteno E, Moreno-Rodríguez A, Torres-Rosas R, Argueta-Figueroa L, Salinas-Marín R, Castillo-Real LM, Pina-Canseco S, Cervera YP. An Overview of Glycosylation and its Impact on Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:751637. [PMID: 34869586 PMCID: PMC8635159 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.751637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular system is a complex and well-organized system in which glycosylation plays a vital role. The heart and vascular wall cells are constituted by an array of specific receptors; most of them are N- glycosylated and mucin-type O-glycosylated. There are also intracellular signaling pathways regulated by different post-translational modifications, including O-GlcNAcylation, which promote adequate responses to extracellular stimuli and signaling transduction. Herein, we provide an overview of N-glycosylation and O-glycosylation, including O-GlcNAcylation, and their role at different levels such as reception of signal, signal transduction, and exogenous molecules or agonists, which stimulate the heart and vascular wall cells with effects in different conditions, like the physiological status, ischemia/reperfusion, exercise, or during low-grade inflammation in diabetes and aging. Furthermore, mutations of glycosyltransferases and receptors are associated with development of cardiovascular diseases. The knowledge on glycosylation and its effects could be considered biochemical markers and might be useful as a therapeutic tool to control cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Julissa Loaeza-Reyes
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina-UNAM-UABJO, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Edgar Zenteno
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Rafael Torres-Rosas
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Liliana Argueta-Figueroa
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico.,Conacyt - Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Roberta Salinas-Marín
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología Humana y Diagnóstico Molecular, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Lizet Monserrat Castillo-Real
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Socorro Pina-Canseco
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina-UNAM-UABJO, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Yobana Pérez Cervera
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina-UNAM-UABJO, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
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21
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Jørgensen AS, Brandum EP, Mikkelsen JM, Orfin KA, Boilesen DR, Egerod KL, Moussouras NA, Vilhardt F, Kalinski P, Basse P, Chen YH, Yang Z, Dwinell MB, Volkman BF, Veldkamp CT, Holst PJ, Lahl K, Goth CK, Rosenkilde MM, Hjortø GM. The C-terminal peptide of CCL21 drastically augments CCL21 activity through the dendritic cell lymph node homing receptor CCR7 by interaction with the receptor N-terminus. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6963-6978. [PMID: 34586443 PMCID: PMC8558179 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03930-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The endogenous chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 signal via their common receptor CCR7. CCL21 is the main lymph node homing chemokine, but a weak chemo-attractant compared to CCL19. Here we show that the 41-amino acid positively charged peptide, released through C-terminal cleavage of CCL21, C21TP, boosts the immune cell recruiting activity of CCL21 by up to 25-fold and the signaling activity via CCR7 by ~ 100-fold. Such boosting is unprecedented. Despite the presence of multiple basic glycosaminoglycan (GAG) binding motifs, C21TP boosting of CCL21 signaling does not involve interference with GAG mediated cell-surface retention. Instead, boosting is directly dependent on O-glycosylations in the CCR7 N-terminus. As dictated by the two-step binding model, the initial chemokine binding involves interaction of the chemokine fold with the receptor N-terminus, followed by insertion of the chemokine N-terminus deep into the receptor binding pocket. Our data suggest that apart from a role in initial chemokine binding, the receptor N-terminus also partakes in a gating mechanism, which could give rise to a reduced ligand activity, presumably through affecting the ligand positioning. Based on experiments that support a direct interaction of C21TP with the glycosylated CCR7 N-terminus, we propose that electrostatic interactions between the positively charged peptide and sialylated O-glycans in CCR7 N-terminus may create a more accessible version of the receptor and thus guide chemokine docking to generate a more favorable chemokine-receptor interaction, giving rise to the peptide boosting effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Sissel Jørgensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Room 18.5.32., 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emma Probst Brandum
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Room 18.5.32., 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Malthe Mikkelsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Room 18.5.32., 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaudia A Orfin
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ditte Rahbæk Boilesen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Lihme Egerod
- Novo Nordisk Foundation, Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Natasha A Moussouras
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Frederik Vilhardt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pawel Kalinski
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Per Basse
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Yen-Hsi Chen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhang Yang
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael B Dwinell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Brian F Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Peter Johannes Holst
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katharina Lahl
- Immunology Section, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
- Section for Experimental and Translational Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Knak Goth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Room 18.5.32., 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Marie Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Room 18.5.32., 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gertrud Malene Hjortø
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Room 18.5.32., 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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22
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Degrandmaison J, Grisé O, Parent JL, Gendron L. Differential barcoding of opioid receptors trafficking. J Neurosci Res 2021; 100:99-128. [PMID: 34559903 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Over the past several years, studies have highlighted the δ-opioid receptor (DOPr) as a promising therapeutic target for chronic pain management. While exhibiting milder undesired effects than most currently prescribed opioids, its specific agonists elicit effective analgesic responses in numerous animal models of chronic pain, including inflammatory, neuropathic, diabetic, and cancer-related pain. However, as compared with the extensively studied μ-opioid receptor, the molecular mechanisms governing its trafficking remain elusive. Recent advances have denoted several significant particularities in the regulation of DOPr intracellular routing, setting it apart from the other members of the opioid receptor family. Although they share high homology, each opioid receptor subtype displays specific amino acid patterns potentially involved in the regulation of its trafficking. These precise motifs or "barcodes" are selectively recognized by regulatory proteins and therefore dictate several aspects of the itinerary of a receptor, including its anterograde transport, internalization, recycling, and degradation. With a specific focus on the regulation of DOPr trafficking, this review will discuss previously reported, as well as potential novel trafficking barcodes within the opioid and nociceptin/orphanin FQ opioid peptide receptors, and their impact in determining distinct interactomes and physiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Degrandmaison
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Quebec Network of Junior Pain Investigators, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Grisé
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Luc Parent
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Louis Gendron
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Quebec Pain Research Network, QC, Canada
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23
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Michalak M, Kalteis MS, Ahadova A, Kloor M, Kriegsmann M, Kriegsmann K, Warnken U, Helm D, Kopitz J. Differential Glycosite Profiling-A Versatile Method to Compare Membrane Glycoproteomes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123564. [PMID: 34200965 PMCID: PMC8230608 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is the most prevalent and varied form of post-translational protein modifications. Protein glycosylation regulates multiple cellular functions, including protein folding, cell adhesion, molecular trafficking and clearance, receptor activation, signal transduction, and endocytosis. In particular, membrane proteins are frequently highly glycosylated, which is both linked to physiological processes and of high relevance in various disease mechanisms. The cellular glycome is increasingly considered to be a therapeutic target. Here we describe a new strategy to compare membrane glycoproteomes, thereby identifying proteins with altered glycan structures and the respective glycosites. The workflow started with an optimized procedure for the digestion of membrane proteins followed by the lectin-based isolation of glycopeptides. Since alterations in the glycan part of a glycopeptide cause mass alterations, analytical size exclusion chromatography was applied to detect these mass shifts. N-glycosidase treatment combined with nanoUPLC-coupled mass spectrometry identified the altered glycoproteins and respective glycosites. The methodology was established using the colon cancer cell line CX1, which was treated with 2-deoxy-glucose-a modulator of N-glycosylation. The described methodology is not restricted to cell culture, as it can also be adapted to tissue samples or body fluids. Altogether, it is a useful module in various experimental settings that target glycan functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Michalak
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.S.K.); (A.A.); (M.K.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (J.K.); Tel.: +49-6221-56-6167 (M.M.)
| | - Martin Simon Kalteis
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.S.K.); (A.A.); (M.K.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aysel Ahadova
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.S.K.); (A.A.); (M.K.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kloor
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.S.K.); (A.A.); (M.K.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark Kriegsmann
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Katharina Kriegsmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Uwe Warnken
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Dominic Helm
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, MS-based Protein Analysis Unit, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.S.K.); (A.A.); (M.K.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (J.K.); Tel.: +49-6221-56-6167 (M.M.)
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24
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Anti-Angiogenic Property of Free Human Oligosaccharides. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060775. [PMID: 34064180 PMCID: PMC8224327 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, a fundamental process in human physiology and pathology, has attracted considerable attention owing to its potential as a therapeutic strategy. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor (VEGFR) are deemed major mediators of angiogenesis. To date, inhibition of the VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 axis has been an effective strategy employed in the development of anticancer drugs. However, some limitations, such as low efficacy and side effects, need to be addressed. Several drug candidates have been discovered, including small molecule compounds, recombinant proteins, and oligosaccharides. In this review, we focus on human oligosaccharides as modulators of angiogenesis. In particular, sialylated human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) play a significant role in the inhibition of VEGFR-2-mediated angiogenesis. We discuss the structural features concerning the interaction between sialylated HMOs and VEGFR-2 as a molecular mechanism of anti-angiogenesis modulation and its effectiveness in vivo experiments. In the current state, extensive clinical trials are required to develop a novel VEGFR-2 inhibitor from sialylated HMOs.
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25
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Tedesco D, Maj M, Malarczyk P, Cingolani A, Zaffagnini M, Wnorowski A, Czapiński J, Benelli T, Mazzoni R, Bartolini M, Jóźwiak K. Application of the SMALP technology to the isolation of GPCRs from low-yielding cell lines. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183641. [PMID: 33984320 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability of styrene-maleic acid (SMAc) co-polymers to spontaneously insert into biological membranes can be exploited to extract G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) embedded in styrene-maleic acid lipid particles (SMALPs), preserving the native environment around the protein and thus enhancing the feasibility of functional studies. So far, the SMALP technology has been primarily employed on non-mammalian cells and protocols are not optimized for adherent human cell lines, which cannot be harvested in large amounts. In this work, a fine investigation of key parameters affecting the formation of SMALPs was undertaken with the purpose of maximizing the yield of extraction of a recombinant form of human β2-adrenergic receptor (rhβ2AR) from HEK293T cells. The study highlighted an important influence of ionic strength on the membrane solubilization efficiency and GPCR purification yield of SMAc co-polymers: by lowering the salt concentration of all buffers used in previously published SMALP protocols, the water solubility and extraction efficiency of the selected SMAc co-polymer (commercially supplied as a potassium salt) were enhanced. In-line combination of size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) with immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) allowed further improvement of the final rhβ2AR yield by reducing the loss of SMALP-embedded GPCRs during the fractionation and purification of SMALPs. The overall findings of this study show that the available SMALP protocols can be significantly optimized in several aspects in order to increase the efficiency of GPCR solubilization and isolation from low-yielding expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Tedesco
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, Bologna, Italy; Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, National Research Center (ISOF-CNR), via P. Gobetti 101, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maciej Maj
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, ulica W. Chodźki 4a, Lublin, Poland
| | - Paulina Malarczyk
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, ulica W. Chodźki 4a, Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrea Cingolani
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Bologna, viale del Risorgimento 4, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mirko Zaffagnini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 42, Bologna, Italy
| | - Artur Wnorowski
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, ulica W. Chodźki 4a, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jakub Czapiński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, ulica W. Chodźki 1, Lublin, Poland; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, ulica Żwirki i Wigury 61, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tiziana Benelli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Bologna, viale del Risorgimento 4, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Mazzoni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Bologna, viale del Risorgimento 4, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Krzysztof Jóźwiak
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, ulica W. Chodźki 4a, Lublin, Poland.
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26
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Guo XY, Gao XD, Fujita M. Sulfation of a FLAG tag mediated by SLC35B2 and TPST2 affects antibody recognition. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250805. [PMID: 33951064 PMCID: PMC8099120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A FLAG tag consisting of DYKDDDDK is an epitope tag that is frequently and widely used to detect recombinant proteins of interest. In this study, we performed a CRISPR-based genetic screening to identify factors involved in the detection of a FLAG-tagged misfolded model protein at the cell surface. In the screening, SLC35B2, which encodes 3’-phosphoadenosine-5’-phosphosulfate transporter 1, was identified as the candidate gene. The detection of FLAG-tagged misfolded proteins at the cell surface was significantly increased in SLC35B2-knockout cells. Furthermore, protein tyrosine sulfation mediated by tyrosyl-protein sulfotransferase 2 (TPST2) suppressed FLAG-tagged protein detection. Localization analysis of the FLAG-tagged misfolded proteins confirmed that defects in tyrosine sulfation are only responsible for enhancing anti-FLAG staining on the plasma membrane but not inducing the localization change of misfolded proteins on the plasma membrane. These results suggest that a FLAG tag on the misfolded protein would be sulfated, causing a reduced detection by the M2 anti-FLAG antibody. Attention should be required when quantifying the FLAG-tagged proteins in the secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Morihisa Fujita
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
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27
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Wang W, Tian Y, Shi X, Ma Q, Xu Y, Yang G, Yi W, Shi Y, Zhou N. N-glycosylation of the human neuropeptide QRFP receptor (QRFPR) is essential for ligand binding and receptor activation. J Neurochem 2021; 158:138-152. [PMID: 33655503 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The newly identified pyroglutamylated RFamide peptide (QRFP) signaling system has been shown to be implicated in regulating a variety of physiological processes. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are preferentially N-glycosylated on extracellular domains. The human QRFP receptor QRFPR (GPR103) possesses three N-glycosylation consensus sites, two located on the N-terminal domain (N5 and N19) and one on the first extracellular loop (ECL1) (N106); however, to date, their role in QRFPR expression and signaling has not been established. Here, we combined mutants with glutamine substitution of the critical asparagines of the consensus sites with glycosidase PNGase F and N-glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin to study the effect of N-glycosylation in the regulation of QRFPR cell surface expression and signaling. Western blot analysis performed with site-directed mutagenesis revealed that two asparagines at N19 in the N-terminus and N106 in ECL1, but not N5 in the N-terminus, served as sites for N-glycosylation. Treatment with PNGase F and tunicamycin resulted in a reduction in both two-protein species, ~43 kDa and ~85 kDa in size, by 2-4 kDa. Analysis with confocal microscopy and quantitative ELISA showed that N-glycosylation of QRFPR is not essentially required for targeting the cell membrane. However, further binding assay and functional assays demonstrated that removal of N-glycosylation sequons or treatment with tunicamycin led to significant impairments in the interaction of receptor with QRFP26 and downstream signaling. Thus, our findings suggest that for the human QRFP receptor (QRFPR), N-glycosylation is not important for cell surface expression but is a pre-requisite for ligand binding and receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanan Tian
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoliu Shi
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gangjie Yang
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen Yi
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Naiming Zhou
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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28
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Patwardhan A, Cheng N, Trejo J. Post-Translational Modifications of G Protein-Coupled Receptors Control Cellular Signaling Dynamics in Space and Time. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 73:120-151. [PMID: 33268549 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large family comprising >800 signaling receptors that regulate numerous cellular and physiologic responses. GPCRs have been implicated in numerous diseases and represent the largest class of drug targets. Although advances in GPCR structure and pharmacology have improved drug discovery, the regulation of GPCR function by diverse post-translational modifications (PTMs) has received minimal attention. Over 200 PTMs are known to exist in mammalian cells, yet only a few have been reported for GPCRs. Early studies revealed phosphorylation as a major regulator of GPCR signaling, whereas later reports implicated a function for ubiquitination, glycosylation, and palmitoylation in GPCR biology. Although our knowledge of GPCR phosphorylation is extensive, our knowledge of the modifying enzymes, regulation, and function of other GPCR PTMs is limited. In this review we provide a comprehensive overview of GPCR post-translational modifications with a greater focus on new discoveries. We discuss the subcellular location and regulatory mechanisms that control post-translational modifications of GPCRs. The functional implications of newly discovered GPCR PTMs on receptor folding, biosynthesis, endocytic trafficking, dimerization, compartmentalized signaling, and biased signaling are also provided. Methods to detect and study GPCR PTMs as well as PTM crosstalk are further highlighted. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the implications of GPCR PTMs in human disease and their importance for drug discovery. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Post-translational modification of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) controls all aspects of receptor function; however, the detection and study of diverse types of GPCR modifications are limited. A thorough understanding of the role and mechanisms by which diverse post-translational modifications regulate GPCR signaling and trafficking is essential for understanding dysregulated mechanisms in disease and for improving and refining drug development for GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Patwardhan
- Department of Pharmacology and the Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Norton Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology and the Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - JoAnn Trejo
- Department of Pharmacology and the Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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29
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The N-terminus of GPR37L1 is proteolytically processed by matrix metalloproteases. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19995. [PMID: 33203955 PMCID: PMC7673139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR37L1 is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor expressed exclusively in the brain and linked to seizures, neuroprotection and cardiovascular disease. Based upon the observation that fragments of the GPR37L1 N-terminus are found in human cerebrospinal fluid, we hypothesized that GPR37L1 was subject to post-translational modification. Heterologous expression of GPR37L1-eYFP in either HEK293 or U87 glioblastoma cells yielded two cell surface species of approximately equivalent abundance, the larger of which is N-glycosylated at Asn105. The smaller species is produced by matrix metalloprotease/ADAM-mediated proteolysis (shown by the use of pharmacological inhibitors) and has a molecular weight identical to that of a mutant lacking the entire N-terminus, Δ122 GPR37L1. Serial truncation of the N-terminus prevented GPR37L1 expression except when the entire N-terminus was removed, narrowing the predicted site of N-terminal proteolysis to residues 105–122. Using yeast expressing different G protein chimeras, we found that wild type GPR37L1, but not Δ122 GPR37L1, coupled constitutively to Gpa1/Gαs and Gpa1/Gα16 chimeras, in contrast to previous studies. We tested the peptides identified in cerebrospinal fluid as well as their putative newly-generated N-terminal ‘tethered’ counterparts in both wild type and Δ122 GPR37L1 Gpa1/Gαs strains but saw no effect, suggesting that GPR37L1 does not signal in a manner akin to the protease-activated receptor family. We also saw no evidence of receptor activation or regulation by the reported GPR37L1 ligand, prosaptide/TX14A. Finally, the proteolytically processed species predominated both in vivo and ex vivo in organotypic cerebellar slice preparations, suggesting that GPR37L1 is rapidly processed to a signaling-inactive form. Our data indicate that the function of GPR37L1 in vivo is tightly regulated by metalloprotease-dependent N-terminal cleavage.
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30
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Yeliseev A, van den Berg A, Zoubak L, Hines K, Stepnowski S, Williston K, Yan W, Gawrisch K, Zmuda J. Thermostability of a recombinant G protein-coupled receptor expressed at high level in mammalian cell culture. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16805. [PMID: 33033368 PMCID: PMC7546613 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73813-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rational design of pharmaceutical drugs targeting integral membrane G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) requires thorough understanding of ligand binding and mechanism of activation through high resolution structural studies of purified proteins. Due to inherent conformational flexibility of GPCR, stabilization of these proteins solubilized from cell membranes into detergents is a challenging task. Here, we take advantage of naturally occurring post-translational modifications for stabilization of purified GPCR in detergent micelles. The recombinant cannabinoid CB2 receptor was expressed at high yield in Expi293F mammalian cell cultures, solubilized and purified in Façade detergent. We report superior stability of the mammalian cell-expressed receptor compared to its E.coli-expressed counterpart, due to contributions from glycosylation of the N terminus and palmitoylation of the C terminus of CB2. Finally, we demonstrate that the mammalian Expi293F amino acid labelling kit is suitable for preparation of multi-milligram quantities of high quality, selectively stable isotope-labeled GPCR for studies by nuclear magnetic resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Yeliseev
- National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | | | - Lioudmila Zoubak
- National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kirk Hines
- National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sam Stepnowski
- ThermoFisher Scientific, 7335 Executive Way, Frederick, MD, 21704, USA
| | - Kyle Williston
- ThermoFisher Scientific, 7335 Executive Way, Frederick, MD, 21704, USA
| | - Wanhua Yan
- ThermoFisher Scientific, 7335 Executive Way, Frederick, MD, 21704, USA
| | - Klaus Gawrisch
- National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jonathan Zmuda
- ThermoFisher Scientific, 7335 Executive Way, Frederick, MD, 21704, USA
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Mohammad Nezhady MA, Rivera JC, Chemtob S. Location Bias as Emerging Paradigm in GPCR Biology and Drug Discovery. iScience 2020; 23:101643. [PMID: 33103080 PMCID: PMC7569339 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
GPCRs are the largest receptor family that are involved in virtually all biological processes. Pharmacologically, they are highly druggable targets, as they cover more than 40% of all drugs in the market. Our knowledge of biased signaling provided insight into pharmacology vastly improving drug design to avoid unwanted effects and achieve higher efficacy and selectivity. However, yet another feature of GPCR biology is left largely unexplored, location bias. Recent developments in this field show promising avenues for evolution of new class of pharmaceuticals with greater potential for higher level of precision medicine. Further consideration and understanding of this phenomenon with deep biochemical and molecular insights would pave the road to success. In this review, we critically analyze this perspective and discuss new avenues of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Mohammad Nezhady
- Programmes en Biologie Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Corresponding author
| | | | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Programmes en Biologie Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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32
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Szeto A, Cecati M, Ahmed R, McCabe PM, Mendez AJ. Oxytocin reduces adipose tissue inflammation in obese mice. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:188. [PMID: 32819381 PMCID: PMC7441653 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01364-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and adipose tissue expansion is characterized by a chronic state of systemic inflammation that contributes to disease. The neuropeptide, oxytocin, working through its receptor has been shown to attenuate inflammation in sepsis, wound healing, and cardiovascular disease. The current study examined the effects of chronic oxytocin infusions on adipose tissue inflammation in a murine model of obesity, the leptin receptor-deficient (db/db) mouse. METHODS The effect of obesity on oxytocin receptor protein and mRNA expression in adipose tissue was evaluated by Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Mice were implanted with osmotic minipumps filled with oxytocin or vehicle for 8 weeks. At study endpoint adipose tissue inflammation was assessed by measurement of cytokine and adipokine mRNA tissue levels, adipocyte size and macrophage infiltration via histopathology, and plasma levels of adiponectin and serum amyloid A as markers of systemic inflammation. RESULTS The expression of adipose tissue oxytocin receptor was increased in obese db/db mice compared to lean controls. In adipose tissue oxytocin infusion reduced adipocyte size, macrophage infiltration, IL-6 and TNFα mRNA expression, and increased the expression of the anti-inflammatory adipokine, adiponectin. In plasma, oxytocin infusion reduced the level of serum amyloid A, a marker of systemic inflammation, and increased circulating adiponectin. CONCLUSIONS In an animal model of obesity and diabetes chronic oxytocin treatment led to a reduction in visceral adipose tissue inflammation and plasma markers of systemic inflammation, which may play a role in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Szeto
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, PO Box 248185, Coral Gables, FL, 33124, USA
| | - Monia Cecati
- Department of Medicine and Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1450 N.W. 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Raisa Ahmed
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, PO Box 248185, Coral Gables, FL, 33124, USA
| | - Philip M McCabe
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, PO Box 248185, Coral Gables, FL, 33124, USA
| | - Armando J Mendez
- Department of Medicine and Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1450 N.W. 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Shchepinova MM, Hanyaloglu AC, Frost GS, Tate EW. Chemical biology of noncanonical G protein-coupled receptor signaling: Toward advanced therapeutics. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2020; 56:98-110. [PMID: 32446179 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest family of signaling membrane proteins, are the target of more than 30% of the drugs on the market. Recently, it has become clear that GPCR functions are far more multidimensional than previously thought, with multiple noncanonical aspects coming to light, including biased, oligomeric, and compartmentalized signaling. These additional layers of functional selectivity greatly expand opportunities for advanced therapeutic interventions, but the development of new chemical biology tools is absolutely required to improve our understanding of noncanonical GPCR regulation and pave the way for future drugs. In this opinion, we highlight the most notable examples of chemical and chemogenetic tools addressing new paradigms in GPCR signaling, discuss their promises and limitations, and explore future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Shchepinova
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 80 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Aylin C Hanyaloglu
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Dept. Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Gary S Frost
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Edward W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 80 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
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Tobin AB, Bradley SJ. Editorial for Advances in G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signal Transduction Special Issue. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:169-170. [PMID: 32296759 PMCID: PMC7155192 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Tobin
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Sophie J Bradley
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, U.K
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Guillien M, le Maire A, Mouhand A, Bernadó P, Bourguet W, Banères JL, Sibille N. IDPs and their complexes in GPCR and nuclear receptor signaling. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 174:105-155. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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