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Chiariello MG, Zarmiento-Garcia R, Marrink SJ. Martini 3 Coarse-Grained Model for the Cofactors Involved in Photosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7947. [PMID: 39063190 PMCID: PMC11277265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
As a critical step in advancing the simulation of photosynthetic complexes, we present the Martini 3 coarse-grained (CG) models of key cofactors associated with light harvesting (LHCII) proteins and the photosystem II (PSII) core complex. Our work focuses on the parametrization of beta-carotene, plastoquinone/quinol, violaxanthin, lutein, neoxanthin, chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, and heme. We derived the CG parameters to match the all-atom reference simulations, while structural and thermodynamic properties of the cofactors were compared to experimental values when available. To further assess the reliability of the parameterization, we tested the behavior of these cofactors within their physiological environments, specifically in a lipid bilayer and bound to photosynthetic complexes. The results demonstrate that our CG models maintain the essential features required for realistic simulations. This work lays the groundwork for detailed simulations of the PSII-LHCII super-complex, providing a robust parameter set for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Siewert-Jan Marrink
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.C.); (R.Z.-G.)
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Shi T, Fan D, Xu C, Zheng G, Zhong C, Feng F, Chow WS. The Fitting of the OJ Phase of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction Based on an Analytical Solution and Its Application in Urban Heat Island Research. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:452. [PMID: 38337985 PMCID: PMC10857409 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence induction (FI) upon a dark-light transition has been widely analyzed to derive information on initial events of energy conversion and electron transfer in photosystem II (PSII). However, currently, there is no analytical solution to the differential equation of QA reduction kinetics, raising a doubt about the fitting of FI by numerical iteration solution. We derived an analytical solution to fit the OJ phase of FI, thereby yielding estimates of three parameters: the functional absorption cross-section of PSII (σPSII), a probability parameter that describes the connectivity among PSII complexes (p), and the rate coefficient for QA- oxidation (kox). We found that σPSII, p, and kox exhibited dynamic changes during the transition from O to J. We postulated that in high excitation light, some other energy dissipation pathways may vastly outcompete against excitation energy transfer from a closed PSII trap to an open PSII, thereby giving the impression that connectivity seemingly does not exist. We also conducted a case study on the urban heat island effect on the heat stability of PSII using our method and showed that higher-temperature-acclimated leaves had a greater σPSII, lower kox, and a tendency of lower p towards more shade-type characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxin Shi
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.S.)
| | - Dayong Fan
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.S.)
| | - Chengyang Xu
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.S.)
| | - Guoming Zheng
- Yi Zong Qi Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100095, China
| | - Chuanfei Zhong
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Fei Feng
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.S.)
| | - Wah Soon Chow
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
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3
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Azadi-Chegeni F, Thallmair S, Ward ME, Perin G, Marrink SJ, Baldus M, Morosinotto T, Pandit A. Protein dynamics and lipid affinity of monomeric, zeaxanthin-binding LHCII in thylakoid membranes. Biophys J 2022; 121:396-409. [PMID: 34971616 PMCID: PMC8822613 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The xanthophyll cycle in the antenna of photosynthetic organisms under light stress is one of the most well-known processes in photosynthesis, but its role is not well understood. In the xanthophyll cycle, violaxanthin (Vio) is reversibly transformed to zeaxanthin (Zea) that occupies Vio binding sites of light-harvesting antenna proteins. Higher monomer/trimer ratios of the most abundant light-harvesting protein, the light-harvesting complex II (LHCII), usually occur in Zea accumulating membranes and have been observed in plants after prolonged illumination and during high-light acclimation. We present a combined NMR and coarse-grained simulation study on monomeric LHCII from the npq2 mutant that constitutively binds Zea in the Vio binding pocket. LHCII was isolated from 13C-enriched npq2 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Cr) cells and reconstituted in thylakoid lipid membranes. NMR results reveal selective changes in the fold and dynamics of npq2 LHCII compared with the trimeric, wild-type and show that npq2 LHCII contains multiple mono- or digalactosyl diacylglycerol lipids (MGDG and DGDG) that are strongly protein bound. Coarse-grained simulations on npq2 LHCII embedded in a thylakoid lipid membrane agree with these observations. The simulations show that LHCII monomers have more extensive lipid contacts than LHCII trimers and that protein-lipid contacts are influenced by Zea. We propose that both monomerization and Zea binding could have a functional role in modulating membrane fluidity and influence the aggregation and conformational dynamics of LHCII with a likely impact on photoprotection ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Azadi-Chegeni
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Department of Solid-State NMR, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Thallmair
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Meaghan E Ward
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Giorgio Perin
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Siewert J Marrink
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Baldus
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Anjali Pandit
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Department of Solid-State NMR, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Size and Fluorescence Properties of Algal Photosynthetic Antenna Proteins Estimated by Microscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020778. [PMID: 35054961 PMCID: PMC8775774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antenna proteins play a major role in the regulation of light-harvesting in photosynthesis. However, less is known about a possible link between their sizes (oligomerization state) and fluorescence intensity (number of photons emitted). Here, we used a microscopy-based method, Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS), to analyze different antenna proteins at the particle level. The direct comparison indicated that Chromera Light Harvesting (CLH) antenna particles (isolated from Chromera velia) behaved as the monomeric Light Harvesting Complex II (LHCII) (from higher plants), in terms of their radius (based on the diffusion time) and fluorescence yields. FCS data thus indicated a monomeric oligomerization state of algal CLH antenna (at our experimental conditions) that was later confirmed also by biochemical experiments. Additionally, our data provide a proof of concept that the FCS method is well suited to measure proteins sizes (oligomerization state) and fluorescence intensities (photon counts) of antenna proteins per single particle (monomers and oligomers). We proved that antenna monomers (CLH and LHCIIm) are more "quenched" than the corresponding trimers. The FCS measurement thus represents a useful experimental approach that allows studying the role of antenna oligomerization in the mechanism of photoprotection.
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Karlický V, Kmecová Materová Z, Kurasová I, Nezval J, Štroch M, Garab G, Špunda V. Accumulation of geranylgeranylated chlorophylls in the pigment-protein complexes of Arabidopsis thaliana acclimated to green light: effects on the organization of light-harvesting complex II and photosystem II functions. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 149:233-252. [PMID: 33948813 PMCID: PMC8382614 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00827-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Light quality significantly influences plant metabolism, growth and development. Recently, we have demonstrated that leaves of barley and other plant species grown under monochromatic green light (500-590 nm) accumulated a large pool of chlorophyll a (Chl a) intermediates with incomplete hydrogenation of their phytyl chains. In this work, we studied accumulation of these geranylgeranylated Chls a and b in pigment-protein complexes (PPCs) of Arabidopsis plants acclimated to green light and their structural-functional consequences on the photosynthetic apparatus. We found that geranylgeranylated Chls are present in all major PPCs, although their presence was more pronounced in light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) and less prominent in supercomplexes of photosystem II (PSII). Accumulation of geranylgeranylated Chls hampered the formation of PSII and PSI super- and megacomplexes in the thylakoid membranes as well as their assembly into chiral macrodomains; it also lowered the temperature stability of the PPCs, especially that of LHCII trimers, which led to their monomerization and an anomaly in the photoprotective mechanism of non-photochemical quenching. Role of geranylgeranylated Chls in adverse effects on photosynthetic apparatus of plants acclimated to green light is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Karlický
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Zuzana Kmecová Materová
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Kurasová
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Nezval
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Štroch
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Győző Garab
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
- Biological Research Center, Institute of Plant Biology, Temesvári körút 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Vladimír Špunda
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Welc R, Luchowski R, Kluczyk D, Zubik-Duda M, Grudzinski W, Maksim M, Reszczynska E, Sowinski K, Mazur R, Nosalewicz A, Gruszecki WI. Mechanisms shaping the synergism of zeaxanthin and PsbS in photoprotective energy dissipation in the photosynthetic apparatus of plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:418-433. [PMID: 33914375 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Safe operation of photosynthesis is vital to plants and is ensured by the activity of processes protecting chloroplasts against photo-damage. The harmless dissipation of excess excitation energy is considered to be the primary photoprotective mechanism and is most effective in the combined presence of PsbS protein and zeaxanthin, a xanthophyll accumulated in strong light as a result of the xanthophyll cycle. Here we address the problem of specific molecular mechanisms underlying the synergistic effect of zeaxanthin and PsbS. The experiments were conducted with Arabidopsis thaliana, using wild-type plants, mutants lacking PsbS (npq4), and mutants affected in the xanthophyll cycle (npq1), with the application of molecular spectroscopy and imaging techniques. The results lead to the conclusion that PsbS interferes with the formation of densely packed aggregates of thylakoid membrane proteins, thus allowing easy exchange and incorporation of xanthophyll cycle pigments into such structures. It was found that xanthophylls trapped within supramolecular structures, most likely in the interfacial protein region, determine their photophysical properties. The structures formed in the presence of violaxanthin are characterized by minimized dissipation of excitation energy. In contrast, the structures formed in the presence of zeaxanthin show enhanced excitation quenching, thus protecting the system against photo-damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Welc
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, 20-031, Poland
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin, 20-290, Poland
| | - Rafal Luchowski
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, 20-031, Poland
| | - Dariusz Kluczyk
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, 20-031, Poland
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, 20-033, Poland
| | - Monika Zubik-Duda
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, 20-031, Poland
| | - Wojciech Grudzinski
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, 20-031, Poland
| | - Magdalena Maksim
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, 20-031, Poland
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin, 20-290, Poland
| | - Emilia Reszczynska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, 20-033, Poland
| | - Karol Sowinski
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, 20-031, Poland
| | - Radosław Mazur
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-096, Poland
| | - Artur Nosalewicz
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin, 20-290, Poland
| | - Wieslaw I Gruszecki
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, 20-031, Poland
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Interactions Determining the Structural Integrity of the Trimer of Plant Light Harvesting Complex in Lipid Membranes. J Membr Biol 2021; 254:157-173. [PMID: 33427943 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-020-00162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The structural basis for the stability of the trimeric form of the light harvesting complex (LHCII), a pigmented protein from green plants pivotal for photosynthesis, remains elusive till date. The protein embedded in a dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) lipid membrane is investigated using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to find out the interactions responsible for the structural integrity of the trimer and its relation to antenna function. Central association of chlorophyll a (CLA) molecules near the LHCII chains is attributed to a conserved coordination between the Mg of CLA and the oxygen of a specific residue of the first helix of a chain. The residue forms a salt-bridge with the fourth helix of the same chain of the trimer, not of the monomer. In an earlier experiment, three residues (WYR) at each chain of the trimer have been found indispensable for the trimerization and referred to as trimerization motif. We find that the residues of the trimerization motif are connected to the lipids or pigments by a chain of interactions rather than a direct contact. Synergistic effects of sequentially located hydrogen bonds and salt-bridges within monomers of the trimer keep the trimer conformation stable in association with the pigments or the lipids. These interactions are exclusively present in the pigmented trimer and not present in the monomer or in the unpigmented trimer. Thus, our results provide a molecular basis for the inherent stability of the LHCII trimer in a lipid membrane and explain many pre-existing experimental data.
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8
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Li X, Hu X, Pan T, Dong L, Ding L, Wang Z, Song R, Wang X, Wang N, Zhang Y, Wang J, Yang B. Kanglexin, a new anthraquinone compound, attenuates lipid accumulation by activating the AMPK/SREBP-2/PCSK9/LDLR signalling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 133:110802. [PMID: 33202286 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidaemia is one of the major risk factors for atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, stroke and diabetes. In the present study, we synthesized a new anthraquinone compound, 1,8-dihydroxy-3-succinic acid monoethyl ester-6-methylanthraquinone, and named it Kanglexin (KLX). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether KLX has a lipid-lowering effect and to explore the potential molecular mechanism. In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high fat diet (HFD) for 5 weeks to establish a hyperlipidaemia model; then, the rats were orally administered KLX (20, 40, and 80 mg kg-1·d-1) or atorvastatin calcium (AT, 10 mg kg-1·d-1) once a day for 2 weeks. KLX had prominent effects on reducing blood lipids, hepatic lipid accumulation, body weight and the ratio of liver weight/body weight. Furthermore, KLXdramatically reduced the total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels and lipid accumulation in a HepG2 cell model of dyslipidaemia induced by 1 mmol/L oleic acid (OA). KLX may decrease lipid levels by phosphorylating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the downstream sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP-2)/proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9)/low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) signalling pathway in the HFD rats and OA-treated HepG2 cells. The effects of KLX on the AMPK/SREBP-2/PCSK9/LDLR signalling pathway were abolished when AMPK was inhibited by compound C (a specific AMPK inhibitor) in HepG2 cells. In summary, KLX has an efficient lipid-lowering effect mediated by activation of the AMPK/SREBP-2/PCSK9/LDLR signalling pathway. Our findings may provide new insight into and evidence for the discovery of a new lipid-lowering drug for the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidaemia, fatty liver, and cardiovascular disease in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Xueling Hu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Tengfei Pan
- Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Lili Ding
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical CO. LTD, Jiangsu, Lianyungang 222001, China; State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu, Lianyungang 222001, China.
| | - Rui Song
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Xiuzhu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
| | - Baofeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
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9
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Krekic S, Zakar T, Gombos Z, Valkai S, Mero M, Zimányi L, Heiner Z, Dér A. Nonlinear Optical Investigation of Microbial Chromoproteins. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:547818. [PMID: 33193480 PMCID: PMC7609429 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.547818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-bound or cytosolic light-sensitive proteins, playing a crucial role in energy- and signal-transduction processes of various photosynthetic microorganisms, have been optimized for sensing or harvesting light by myriads of years of evolution. Upon absorption of a photon, they undergo a usually cyclic reaction series of conformations, and the accompanying spectro-kinetic events assign robust nonlinear optical (NLO) properties for these chromoproteins. During recent years, they have attracted a considerable interest among researchers of the applied optics community as well, where finding the appropriate NLO material for a particular application is a pivotal task. Potential applications have emerged in various branches of photonics, including optical information storage and processing, higher-harmonic and white-light continuum generation, or biosensorics. In our earlier work, we also raised the possibility of using chromoproteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin (bR), as building blocks for the active elements of integrated optical (IO) circuits, where several organic and inorganic photonic materials have been considered as active components, but so far none of them has been deemed ideal for the purpose. In the current study, we investigate the linear and NLO properties of biofilms made of photoactive yellow protein (PYP) and bR. The kinetics of the photoreactions are monitored by time-resolved absorption experiments, while the refractive index of the films and its light-induced changes are measured using the Optical Waveguide Lightmode Spectroscopy (OWLS) and Z-scan techniques, respectively. The nonlinear refractive index and the refractive index change of both protein films were determined in the green spectral range in a wide range of intensities and at various laser repetition rates. The nonlinear refractive index and refractive index change of PYP were compared to those of bR, with respect to photonics applications. Our results imply that the NLO properties of these proteins make them promising candidates for utilization in applied photonics, and they should be considered as valid alternatives for active components of IO circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Krekic
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Multidisciplinary Medical Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tomás Zakar
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Gombos
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sándor Valkai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mark Mero
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Berlin, Germany
| | - László Zimányi
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Heiner
- School of Analytical Sciences Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - András Dér
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
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10
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Zsiros O, Ünnep R, Nagy G, Almásy L, Patai R, Székely NK, Kohlbrecher J, Garab G, Dér A, Kovács L. Role of Protein-Water Interface in the Stacking Interactions of Granum Thylakoid Membranes-As Revealed by the Effects of Hofmeister Salts. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1257. [PMID: 32922427 PMCID: PMC7456932 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The thylakoid membranes of vascular plants are differentiated into stacked granum and unstacked stroma regions. The formation of grana is triggered by the macrodomain formation of photosystem II and light-harvesting complex II (PSII-LHCII) and thus their lateral segregation from the photosystem I-light-harvesting complex I (PSI-LHCI) super-complexes and the ATP-synthase; which is then stabilized by stacking interactions of the adjacent PSII-LHCII enriched regions of the thylakoid membranes. The self-assembly and dynamics of this highly organized membrane system and the nature of forces acting between the PSII-LHCII macrodomains are not well understood. By using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we investigated the effects of Hofmeister salts on the organization of pigment-protein complexes and on the ultrastructure of thylakoid membranes. We found that the kosmotropic agent (NH4)2SO4 and the Hofmeister-neutral NaCl, up to 2 M concentrations, hardly affected the macro-organization of the protein complexes and the membrane ultrastructure. In contrast, chaotropic salts, NaClO4, and NaSCN destroyed the mesoscopic structures, the multilamellar organization of the thylakoid membranes and the chiral macrodomains of the protein complexes but without noticeably affecting the short-range, pigment-pigment excitonic interactions. Comparison of the concentration- and time-dependences of SANS, TEM and CD parameters revealed the main steps of the disassembly of grana in the presence of chaotropes. It begins with a rapid diminishment of the long-range periodic order of the grana membranes, apparently due to an increased stacking disorder of the thylakoid membranes, as reflected by SANS experiments. SANS measurements also allowed discrimination between the cationic and anionic effects-in stacking and disorder, respectively. This step is followed by a somewhat slower disorganization of the TEM ultrastructure, due to the gradual loss of stacked membrane pairs. Occurring last is the stepwise decrease and disappearance of the long-range chiral order of the protein complexes, the rate of which was faster in LHCII-deficient membranes. These data are interpreted in terms of a theory, from our laboratory, according to which Hofmeister salts primarily affect the hydrophylic-hydrophobic interactions of proteins, and the stroma-exposed regions of the intrinsic membrane proteins, in particular-pointing to the role of protein-water interface in the stacking interactions of granum thylakoid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ottó Zsiros
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Renáta Ünnep
- Neutron Spectroscopy Department, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Nagy
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - László Almásy
- Neutron Spectroscopy Department, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Roland Patai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Noémi K. Székely
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at MLZ, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Garching, Germany
| | - Joachim Kohlbrecher
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Győző Garab
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Győző Garab, ; András Dér, ; László Kovács,
| | - András Dér
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Győző Garab, ; András Dér, ; László Kovács,
| | - László Kovács
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Győző Garab, ; András Dér, ; László Kovács,
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11
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Macroorganisation and flexibility of thylakoid membranes. Biochem J 2019; 476:2981-3018. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The light reactions of photosynthesis are hosted and regulated by the chloroplast thylakoid membrane (TM) — the central structural component of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants and algae. The two-dimensional and three-dimensional arrangement of the lipid–protein assemblies, aka macroorganisation, and its dynamic responses to the fluctuating physiological environment, aka flexibility, are the subject of this review. An emphasis is given on the information obtainable by spectroscopic approaches, especially circular dichroism (CD). We briefly summarise the current knowledge of the composition and three-dimensional architecture of the granal TMs in plants and the supramolecular organisation of Photosystem II and light-harvesting complex II therein. We next acquaint the non-specialist reader with the fundamentals of CD spectroscopy, recent advances such as anisotropic CD, and applications for studying the structure and macroorganisation of photosynthetic complexes and membranes. Special attention is given to the structural and functional flexibility of light-harvesting complex II in vitro as revealed by CD and fluorescence spectroscopy. We give an account of the dynamic changes in membrane macroorganisation associated with the light-adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus and the regulation of the excitation energy flow by state transitions and non-photochemical quenching.
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12
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van den Berg TE, van Oort B, Croce R. Light-harvesting complexes of Botryococcus braunii. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 135:191-201. [PMID: 28551868 PMCID: PMC5783996 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The colonial green alga Botryococcus braunii (BB) is a potential source of biofuel due to its natural high hydrocarbon content. Unfortunately, its slow growth limits its biotechnological potential. Understanding its photosynthetic machinery could help to identify possible growth limitations. Here, we present the first study on BB light-harvesting complexes (LHCs). We purified two LHC fractions containing the complexes in monomeric and trimeric form. Both fractions contained at least two proteins with molecular weight (MW) around 25 kDa. The chlorophyll composition is similar to that of the LHCII of plants; in contrast, the main xanthophyll is loroxanthin, which substitutes lutein in most binding sites. Circular dichroism and 77 K absorption spectra lack typical differences between monomeric and trimeric complexes, suggesting that intermonomer interactions do not play a role in BB LHCs. This is in agreement with the low stability of the BB LHCII trimers as compared to the complexes of plants, which could be related to loroxanthin binding in the central (L1 and L2) binding sites. The properties of BB LHCII are similar to those of plant LHCII, indicating a similar pigment organization. Differences are a higher content of red chlorophyll a, similar to plant Lhcb3. These differences and the different Xan composition had no effect on excitation energy transfer or fluorescence lifetimes, which were similar to plant LHCII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas E van den Berg
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart van Oort
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Croce
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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13
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Seiwert D, Witt H, Janshoff A, Paulsen H. The non-bilayer lipid MGDG stabilizes the major light-harvesting complex (LHCII) against unfolding. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5158. [PMID: 28698661 PMCID: PMC5505961 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05328-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the photosynthetic apparatus of plants a high proportion of LHCII protein is needed to integrate 50% non-bilayer lipid MGDG into the lamellar thylakoid membrane, but whether and how the stability of the protein is also affected is not known. Here we use single-molecule force spectroscopy to map the stability of LHCII against mechanical unfolding along the polypeptide chain as a function of oligomerization state and lipid composition. Comparing unfolding forces between monomeric and trimeric LHCII demonstrates that the stability does not increase significantly upon trimerization but can mainly be correlated with specific contact sites between adjacent monomers. In contrast, unfolding of trimeric complexes in membranes composed of different thylakoid lipids reveals that the non-bilayer lipid MGDG substantially increases the mechanical stability of LHCII in many segments of the protein compared to other lipids such as DGDG or POPG. We attribute these findings to steric matching of conically formed MGDG and the hourglass shape of trimeric LHCII, thereby extending the role of non-bilayer lipids to the structural stabilization of membrane proteins in addition to the modulation of their folding, conformation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Seiwert
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hannes Witt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Goettingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Janshoff
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Goettingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Harald Paulsen
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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14
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Janik E, Bednarska J, Sowinski K, Luchowski R, Zubik M, Grudzinski W, Gruszecki WI. Light-induced formation of dimeric LHCII. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 132:265-276. [PMID: 28425025 PMCID: PMC5443882 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0387-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
It emerges from numerous experiments that LHCII, the major photosynthetic antenna complex of plants, can appear not only in the trimeric or monomeric states but also as a dimer. We address the problem whether the dimeric form of the complex is just a simple intermediate element of the trimer-monomer transformation or if it can also be a physiologically relevant molecular organization form? Dimers of LHCII were analyzed with application of native electrophoresis, time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. The results reveal the appearance of two types of LHCII dimers: one formed by the dissociation of one monomer from the trimeric structure and the other formed by association of monomers into a distinctively different molecular organizational form, characterized by a high rate of chlorophyll excitation quenching. The hypothetical structure of such an energy quencher is proposed. The high light-induced LHCII dimerization is discussed as a potential element of the photoprotective response in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Janik
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Pl. Marii Curie-Sklodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, ul. Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Bednarska
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Pl. Marii Curie-Sklodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
| | - Karol Sowinski
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Pl. Marii Curie-Sklodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
- Chair and Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, ul. Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Rafal Luchowski
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Pl. Marii Curie-Sklodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Zubik
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Pl. Marii Curie-Sklodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Metrology and Modelling of Agrophysical Processes, Institute of Agrophysics of Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Doswiadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Grudzinski
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Pl. Marii Curie-Sklodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wieslaw I. Gruszecki
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Pl. Marii Curie-Sklodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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15
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A pathway for protective quenching in antenna proteins of Photosystem II. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2523. [PMID: 28566748 PMCID: PMC5451436 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02892-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis is common in nature, converting sunlight energy into proton motive force and reducing power. The increased spectral range absorption of light exerted by pigments (i.e. chlorophylls, Chls) within Light Harvesting Complexes (LHCs) proves an important advantage under low light conditions. However, in the exposure to excess light, oxidative damages and ultimately cell death can occur. A down-regulatory mechanism, thus, has been evolved (non-photochemical quenching, NPQ). The mechanistic details of its major component (qE) are missing at the atomic scale. The research herein, initiates on solid evidence from the current NPQ state of the art, and reveals a detailed atomistic view by large scale Molecular Dynamics, Metadynamics and ab initio Simulations. The results demonstrate a complete picture of an elaborate common molecular design. All probed antenna proteins (major LHCII from spinach-pea, CP29 from spinach) show striking plasticity in helix-D, under NPQ conditions. This induces changes in Qy bands in excitation and absorption spectra of the near-by pigment pair (Chl613-614) that could emerge as a new quenching site. Zeaxanthin enhances this plasticity (and possibly the quenching) even at milder NPQ conditions.
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16
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Wang Y, Xu C, Li K, Cai X, Wu M, Chen G. Fe deficiency induced changes in rice (Oryza sativa L.) thylakoids. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:1380-1388. [PMID: 27783241 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7900-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency is an important abiotic stress that limits productivity of crops all over the world. We selected a hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.), LYPJ, which is super high-yield and widely cultured in China, to investigate changes in the components and structure of thylakoid membranes and photosynthetic performance in response to iron deficiency. Our results demonstrated that photosystem I (PSI) is the primary target for iron deficiency, while the changes in photosystem II (PSII) are important for rebuilding a balance in disrupted energy utilization and dissipation caused by differential degradation of photosynthetic components. The result of immunoblot analysis suggested that the core subunit PsaA declined drastically, while PsbA remained relatively stable. Furthermore, several organizational changes of the photosynthetic apparatus were found by BN-PAGE, including a marked decrease in the PSI core complexes, the Cytb 6 /f complex, and the trimeric form of the LHCII antenna, consistent with the observed unstacking grana. The fluorescence induction analysis indicated a descending PSII activity with energy dissipation enhanced markedly. In addition, we proposed that the crippled CO2 assimilation could be compensated by the enhanced of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), which is suggested by the decreased ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) and photosynthetic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaojie Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Min Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Zijin College, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Guoxiang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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17
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Karlický V, Kurasová I, Ptáčková B, Večeřová K, Urban O, Špunda V. Enhanced thermal stability of the thylakoid membranes from spruce. A comparison with selected angiosperms. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 130:357-371. [PMID: 27154572 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0269-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we have found that thermal stability of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry in spruce needles is higher than in other plants (barley, beech) cultivated under the same temperatures. In this work, temperature dependences of various characteristics of PSII organization were studied in order to obtain complex information on the thermal stability of PSII function and organization in spruce. Temperature dependency of circular dichroism spectra revealed by about 6 °C higher thermal stability of macrodomain organization in spruce thylakoid membranes in comparison with Arabidopsis and barley ones; however, thermal disintegration of light-harvesting complex of PSII did not significantly differ among the species studied. These results thus indicate that thermal stability of PSII macro-organization in spruce thylakoid membranes is enhanced to a similar extent as thermal stability of PSII photochemistry. Clear-native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of preheated thylakoids demonstrated that among the separated pigment-protein complexes, only PSII supercomplexes (SCs) revealed considerably higher thermal stability in spruce thylakoids as compared to Arabidopsis and barley ones. Hence we suggest that higher thermal stability of PSII macro-organization of spruce is influenced by the maintenance of PSII SCs in the thylakoid membrane. In addition, we discuss possible effects of different PSII organizations and lipid compositions on the thermal stability of spruce thylakoid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Karlický
- Faculty of Science, Ostrava University, 30. dubna 22, 701 03, Ostrava 1, Czech Republic.
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Irena Kurasová
- Faculty of Science, Ostrava University, 30. dubna 22, 701 03, Ostrava 1, Czech Republic
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Božena Ptáčková
- Faculty of Science, Ostrava University, 30. dubna 22, 701 03, Ostrava 1, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Večeřová
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Špunda
- Faculty of Science, Ostrava University, 30. dubna 22, 701 03, Ostrava 1, Czech Republic
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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18
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Grudzinski W, Janik E, Bednarska J, Welc R, Zubik M, Sowinski K, Luchowski R, Gruszecki WI. Light-Driven Reconfiguration of a Xanthophyll Violaxanthin in the Photosynthetic Pigment-Protein Complex LHCII: A Resonance Raman Study. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:4373-82. [PMID: 27133785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b01641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Resonance Raman analysis of the photosynthetic complex LHCII, immobilized in a polyacrylamide gel, reveals that one of the protein-bound xanthophylls, assigned as violaxanthin, undergoes light-induced molecular reconfiguration. The phototransformation is selectively observed in a trimeric structure of the complex and is associated with a pronounced twisting and a trans-cis molecular configuration change of the polyene chain of the carotenoid. Among several spectral effects accompanying the reconfiguration there are ones indicating a carotenoid triplet state. Possible physiological importance of the light-induced violaxanthin reconfiguration as a mechanism associated with making the pigment available for enzymatic deepoxidation in the xanthophyll cycle is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Grudzinski
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University , 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Janik
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University , 20-033 Lublin, Poland.,Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University , ul. Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Bednarska
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University , 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Renata Welc
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University , 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Zubik
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University , 20-033 Lublin, Poland.,Department of Metrology and Modelling of Agrophysical Processes, Institute of Agrophysics of Polish Academy of Sciences , Doswiadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Karol Sowinski
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University , 20-033 Lublin, Poland.,Chair and Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University , Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Rafal Luchowski
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University , 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wieslaw I Gruszecki
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University , 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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Bielczynski LW, Schansker G, Croce R. Effect of Light Acclimation on the Organization of Photosystem II Super- and Sub-Complexes in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:105. [PMID: 26925068 PMCID: PMC4756287 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To survive under highly variable environmental conditions, higher plants have acquired a large variety of acclimation responses. Different strategies are used to cope with changes in light intensity with the common goal of modulating the functional antenna size of Photosystem II (PSII). Here we use a combination of biochemical and biophysical methods to study these changes in response to acclimation to high light (HL). After 2 h of exposure, a decrease in the amount of the large PSII supercomplexes is observed indicating that plants are already acclimating to HL at this stage. It is also shown that in HL the relative amount of antenna proteins decreases but this decrease is far less than the observed decrease of the functional antenna size, suggesting that part of the antenna present in the membranes in HL does not transfer energy efficiently to the reaction center. Finally, we observed LHCII monomers in all conditions. As the solubilization conditions used do not lead to monomerization of purified LHCII trimers, we should conclude that a population of LHCII monomers exists in the membrane. The relative amount of LHCII monomers strongly increases in plants acclimated to HL, while no changes in the trimer to monomer ratio are observed upon short exposure to stress.
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20
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Song X, Diao J, Ji J, Wang G, Li Z, Wu J, Josine TL, Wang Y. Overexpression of lycopene ε-cyclase gene from lycium chinense confers tolerance to chilling stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Gene 2016; 576:395-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Garab G. Self-assembly and structural-functional flexibility of oxygenic photosynthetic machineries: personal perspectives. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 127:131-50. [PMID: 26494196 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0192-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This short review, with a bit of historical aspect and a strong personal bias and emphases on open questions, is focusing on the (macro-)organization and structural-functional flexibilities of the photosynthetic apparatus of oxygenic photosynthetic organisms at different levels of the structural complexity-selected problems that have attracted most my attention in the past years and decades. These include (i) the anisotropic organization of the pigment-protein complexes and photosynthetic membranes-a basic organizing principle of living matter, which can, and probably should be adopted to intelligent materials; (ii) the organization of protein complexes into chiral macrodomains, large self-assembling highly organized but structurally flexible entities with unique spectroscopic fingerprints-structures, where, important, high-level regulatory functions appear to 'reside'; (iii) a novel, dissipation-assisted mechanism of structural changes, based on a thermo-optic effect: ultrafast thermal transients in the close vicinity of dissipation of unused excitation energy, which is capable of inducing elementary structural changes; it makes plants capable of responding to excess excitation with reaction rates proportional to the overexcitation above the light-saturation of photosynthesis; (iv) the 3D ultrastructure of the granum-stroma thylakoid membrane assembly and other multilamellar membrane systems, and their remodelings-associated with regulatory mechanisms; (v) the molecular organization and structural-functional plasticity of the main light-harvesting complex of plants, in relation to their crystal structure and different in vivo and in vitro states; and (vi) the enigmatic role of non-bilayer lipids and lipid phases in the bilayer thylakoid membrane-warranting its high protein content and contributing to its structural flexibility.
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Ivanov AG, Morgan-Kiss RM, Krol M, Allakhverdiev SI, Zanev Y, Sane PV, Huner NPA. Photoinhibition of photosystem I in a pea mutant with altered LHCII organization. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2015; 152:335-46. [PMID: 26321219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Comparative analysis of in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence imaging revealed that photosystem II (PSII) photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of leaves of the Costata 2/133 pea mutant with altered pigment composition and decreased level of oligomerization of the light harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein complexes (LHCII) of PSII (Dobrikova et al., 2000; Ivanov et al., 2005) did not differ from that of WT. In contrast, photosystem I (PSI) activity of the Costata 2/133 mutant measured by the far-red (FR) light inducible P700 (P700(+)) signal exhibited 39% lower steady state level of P700(+), a 2.2-fold higher intersystem electron pool size (e(-)/P700) and higher rate of P700(+) re-reduction, which indicate an increased capacity for PSI cyclic electron transfer (CET) in the Costata 2/133 mutant than WT. The mutant also exhibited a limited capacity for state transitions. The lower level of oxidizable P700 (P700(+)) is consistent with a lower amount of PSI related chlorophyll protein complexes and lower abundance of the PsaA/PsaB heterodimer, PsaD and Lhca1 polypeptides in Costata 2/133 mutant. Exposure of WT and the Costata 2/133 mutant to high light stress resulted in a comparable photoinhibition of PSII measured in vivo, although the decrease of Fv/Fm was modestly higher in the mutant plants. However, under the same photoinhibitory conditions PSI photochemistry (P700(+)) measured as ΔA820-860 was inhibited to a greater extent (50%) in the Costata 2/133 mutant than in the WT (22%). This was accompanied by a 50% faster re-reduction rate of P700(+) in the dark indicating a higher capacity for CET around PSI in high light treated mutant leaves. The role of chloroplast thylakoid organization on the stability of the PSI complex and its susceptibility to high light stress is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Ivanov
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, N., London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - R M Morgan-Kiss
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, 700 E. High Street, Oxford, OH 45045, USA
| | - M Krol
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, N., London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - S I Allakhverdiev
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Yu Zanev
- Institute of Biophysics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - P V Sane
- Jain Irrigation Systems Limited, Jain Hills, Jalgaon 425001, India
| | - N P A Huner
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, N., London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.
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Andreeva TD, Castano S, Krumova S, Lecomte S, Taneva SG. Effect of Protonation on the Secondary Structure and Orientation of Plant Light-Harvesting Complex II Studied by PM-IRRAS. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:11583-11590. [PMID: 26473578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The major light-harvesting pigment-protein complex of photosystem II, LHCII, has a crucial role in the distribution of the light energy between the two photosystems, the efficient light capturing and protection of the reaction centers and antennae from overexcitation. In this work direct structural information on the effect of LHCII protonation, which mimics the switch from light-harvesting to photoprotective state of the protein, was revealed by polarization-modulated infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS). PM-IRRAS on LHCII monolayers verified that the native helical structure of the protein is preserved in both partly deprotonated (pH 7.8, LHCII) and protonated (pH 5.2, p-LHCII) states. At low surface pressure, 10 mN/m, the orientation of the α-helices in these two LHCII states is different-tilted (θ ≈ 40°) in LHCII and nearly vertical (θ ≈ 90°) in p-LHCII monolayers; the partly deprotonated complex is more hydrophilic than the protonated one and exhibits stronger intertrimer interactions. At higher surface pressure, 30 mN/m, which is typical for biological membranes, the protonation affects neither the secondary structure nor the orientation of the transmembrane α-helices (tilted ∼45° relative to the membrane surface in both LHCII states) but weakens the intermolecular interactions within and/or between the trimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya D Andreeva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sabine Castano
- CBMN-Univ. Bordeaux, UMR 5248 , Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Sashka Krumova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sophie Lecomte
- CBMN-Univ. Bordeaux, UMR 5248 , Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Stefka G Taneva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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From light-harvesting to photoprotection: structural basis of the dynamic switch of the major antenna complex of plants (LHCII). Sci Rep 2015; 5:15661. [PMID: 26493782 PMCID: PMC4616226 DOI: 10.1038/srep15661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-Harvesting Complex II (LHCII) is largely responsible for light absorption and excitation energy transfer in plants in light-limiting conditions, while in high-light it participates in photoprotection. It is generally believed that LHCII can change its function by switching between different conformations. However, the underlying molecular picture has not been elucidated yet. The available crystal structures represent the quenched form of the complex, while solubilized LHCII has the properties of the unquenched state. To determine the structural changes involved in the switch and to identify potential quenching sites, we have explored the structural dynamics of LHCII, by performing a series of microsecond Molecular Dynamics simulations. We show that LHCII in the membrane differs substantially from the crystal and has the signatures that were experimentally associated with the light-harvesting state. Local conformational changes at the N-terminus and at the xanthophyll neoxanthin are found to strongly correlate with changes in the interactions energies of two putative quenching sites. In particular conformational disorder is observed at the terminal emitter resulting in large variations of the excitonic coupling strength of this chlorophyll pair. Our results strongly support the hypothesis that light-harvesting regulation in LHCII is coupled with structural changes.
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Janik E, Bednarska J, Zubik M, Sowinski K, Luchowski R, Grudzinski W, Gruszecki WI. Is It Beneficial for the Major Photosynthetic Antenna Complex of Plants To Form Trimers? J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:8501-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b04005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Janik
- Department
of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin 20-031, Poland
| | - Joanna Bednarska
- Department
of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin 20-031, Poland
| | - Monika Zubik
- Department
of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin 20-031, Poland
| | - Karol Sowinski
- Department
of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin 20-031, Poland
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Medical University, Lublin 20-093, Poland
| | - Rafal Luchowski
- Department
of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin 20-031, Poland
| | - Wojciech Grudzinski
- Department
of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin 20-031, Poland
| | - Wieslaw I. Gruszecki
- Department
of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin 20-031, Poland
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Caffarri S, Tibiletti T, Jennings RC, Santabarbara S. A comparison between plant photosystem I and photosystem II architecture and functioning. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2015; 15:296-331. [PMID: 24678674 PMCID: PMC4030627 DOI: 10.2174/1389203715666140327102218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis is indispensable both for the development and maintenance of life on earth by converting
light energy into chemical energy and by producing molecular oxygen and consuming carbon dioxide. This latter
process has been responsible for reducing the CO2 from its very high levels in the primitive atmosphere to the present low
levels and thus reducing global temperatures to levels conducive to the development of life. Photosystem I and photosystem
II are the two multi-protein complexes that contain the pigments necessary to harvest photons and use light energy to
catalyse the primary photosynthetic endergonic reactions producing high energy compounds. Both photosystems are
highly organised membrane supercomplexes composed of a core complex, containing the reaction centre where electron
transport is initiated, and of a peripheral antenna system, which is important for light harvesting and photosynthetic activity
regulation. If on the one hand both the chemical reactions catalysed by the two photosystems and their detailed structure
are different, on the other hand they share many similarities. In this review we discuss and compare various aspects of
the organisation, functioning and regulation of plant photosystems by comparing them for similarities and differences as
obtained by structural, biochemical and spectroscopic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stefano Santabarbara
- Laboratoire de Génétique et de Biophysique des Plantes (LGBP), Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13009, Marseille, France.
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Sárvári E, Mihailova G, Solti A, Keresztes A, Velitchkova M, Georgieva K. Comparison of thylakoid structure and organization in sun and shade Haberlea rhodopensis populations under desiccation and rehydration. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:1591-600. [PMID: 25151128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The resurrection plant, Haberlea rhodopensis can survive nearly total desiccation only in its usual low irradiation environment. However, populations with similar capacity to recover were discovered recently in several sunny habitats. To reveal what kind of morphological, structural and thylakoid-level alterations play a role in the acclimation of this low-light adapted species to high-light environment and how do they contribute to the desiccation tolerance mechanisms, the structure of the photosynthetic apparatus, the most sensitive component of the chlorophyll-retaining resurrection plants, was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, steady state low-temperature fluorescence and two-dimensional Blue-Native/SDS PAGE under desiccation and rehydration. In contrast to the great differences in the morphology of plants, the ultrastructure and the organization of thylakoids were surprisingly similar in well-hydrated shade and sun populations. A high ratio of photosystem (PS)I binding light harvesting complex (LHC)II, important in low- and fluctuating light environment, was characteristic to both shade and sun plant, and the ratios of the main chlorophyll-protein complexes were also similar. The intensive protective mechanisms, such as shading by steep leaf angle and accumulation of protective substances, probably reduced the light intensity at the chloroplast level. The significantly increased ratio of monomer to oligomer antennae in well-hydrated sun plants may be connected with the temporary high light exposure of chloroplasts. During desiccation, LHCII was removed from PSI and part of PSII supercomplexes disassembled with some loss of PSII core and LHCII. The different reorganization of antennae, possibly connected with different quenching mechanisms, involved an increased amount of monomers in shade plants but unchanged proportion of oligomers in sun plants. Desiccation-induced responses were more pronounced in sun plants which also had a greater capacity to recover due to their stress-acclimated attitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sárvári
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gergana Mihailova
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, BG-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Adám Solti
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Aron Keresztes
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Maya Velitchkova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, BG-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Katya Georgieva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, BG-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Andreeva TD, Krumova SB, Minkov IL, Busheva M, Lalchev Z, Taneva SG. Protonation-induced changes in the macroorganization of LHCII monolayers. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Nellaepalli S, Zsiros O, Tóth T, Yadavalli V, Garab G, Subramanyam R, Kovács L. Heat- and light-induced detachment of the light harvesting complex from isolated photosystem I supercomplexes. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2014; 137:13-20. [PMID: 24874922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, using photosystem I enriched stroma thylakoid membrane vesicles, we have shown that the light harvesting complexes of this photosystem are prone to heat- and light-induced, thermo-optically driven detachment from the supercomplex [43]. We have also shown that the splitting of the supercomplex occurs in a gradual and specific manner, selectively affecting the different constituents of the antenna complexes. Here we further analyse these heat- and light-induced processes in isolated Photosystem I supercomplex using circular dichroism and 77K fluorescence emission spectroscopy and immuno blotting, and obtain further details on the sequence of events of the dissociation process as well as on the thermal stability of the different components. Our absorption and circular dichroism spectroscopy and immuno blotting data show that the dissociation of LHCI from PSI-LHCI supercomplex starts above 50°C. Also, the low temperature fluorescence emission spectra depicts decrease of maximum fluorescence emission at 730nm and an increase of the intensity at 685nm, and about 10nm blue-shifts, from 730 to 720nm and from 685 to 676nm, respectively, indicating the heat (50°C) induced detachment of LHCI from PSI core complexes. The reaction centre proteins are highly stable even at high temperatures. Lhca2 is more heat stable than the other light harvesting protein complexes of PSI, whereas Lhca4 and Lhca3 are rather labile. Combined heat and light treatments significantly enhances the disorganization of PSI-LHCI supercomplexes, indicating a thermo-optic mechanism, which might have significant role under combined heat and light stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreedhar Nellaepalli
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Ottó Zsiros
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary
| | - Tünde Tóth
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary
| | - Venkateswarlu Yadavalli
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Győző Garab
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary
| | - Rajagopal Subramanyam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India; Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - László Kovács
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary.
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30
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Hind G, Wall JS, Várkonyi Z, Istokovics A, Lambrev PH, Garab G. Membrane crystals of plant light-harvesting complex II disassemble reversibly in light. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 55:1296-303. [PMID: 24793749 PMCID: PMC4184361 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Using the mass-measuring capability of scanning transmission electron microscopy, we demonstrate that membrane crystals of the main light-harvesting complex of plants possess the ability to undergo light-induced dark-reversible disassociations, independently of the photochemical apparatus. This is the first direct visualization of light-driven reversible reorganizations in an isolated photosynthetic antenna. These reorganizations, identified earlier by circular dichroism (CD), can be accounted for by a biological thermo-optic transition: structural changes are induced by fast heat transients and thermal instabilities near the dissipation, and self-association of the complexes in the lipid matrix. A comparable process in native membranes is indicated by earlier findings of essentially identical kinetics, and intensity and temperature dependences of the ΔCD in granal thylakoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Hind
- Biosciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Joseph S Wall
- Biosciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Zsuzsanna Várkonyi
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, PO Box 521, H-6701, Hungary
| | - Anita Istokovics
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, PO Box 521, H-6701, Hungary
| | - Petar H Lambrev
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, PO Box 521, H-6701, Hungary
| | - Győző Garab
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, PO Box 521, H-6701, Hungary
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31
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Krumova SB, Várkonyi Z, Lambrev PH, Kovács L, Todinova SJ, Busheva MC, Taneva SG, Garab G. Heat- and light-induced detachment of the light-harvesting antenna complexes of photosystem I in isolated stroma thylakoid membranes. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 137:4-12. [PMID: 24912404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The multisubunit pigment-protein complex of photosystem I (PSI) consists of a core and peripheral light-harvesting antenna (LHCI). PSI is thought to be a rather rigid system and very little is known about its structural and functional flexibility. Recent data, however, suggest LHCI detachment from the PSI supercomplex upon heat and light treatments. Furthermore, it was suggested that the splitting off of LHCI acts as a safety valve for PSI core upon photoinhibition (Alboresi et al., 2009). In this work we analyzed the heat- and light-induced reorganizations in isolated PSI vesicles (stroma membrane vesicles enriched in PSI). Using differential scanning calorimetry we revealed a stepwise disassembly of PSI supercomplex above 50°C. Circular dichroism, sucrose gradient centrifugation and 77K fluorescence experiments identified the sequence of events of PSI destabilization: 3min heating at 60°C or 40min white light illumination at 25°C resulted in pronounced Lhca1/4 detachment from the PSI supercomplex, which is then followed by the degradation of Lhca2/3. The similarity of the main structural effects due to heat and light treatments supports the notion that thermo-optic mechanism, structural changes induced by ultrafast local thermal transients, which has earlier been shown to be responsible for structural changes in the antenna system of photosystem II, can also regulate the assembly and functioning of PSI antenna.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Krumova
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zs Várkonyi
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - P H Lambrev
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - L Kovács
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - S J Todinova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bontchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - M C Busheva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bontchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - S G Taneva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bontchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - G Garab
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
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Liu C, Rao Y, Zhang L, Yang C. Identification of the roles of individual amino acid residues of the helix E of the major antenna of photosystem II (LHCII) by alanine scanning mutagenesis. J Biochem 2014; 156:203-10. [PMID: 24753330 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvu028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The functions of the helix E (W97-F105), an amphiphilic lumenal 310 helix of the major antenna of photosystem II (LHCII), are still unidentified. To elucidate the roles of individual amino acid residue of the helix E, alanine scanning mutagenesis has been performed to mutate every residue of this domain to alanine. The influence of every alanine substitution on the structure and function of LHCII has been investigated biochemically and spectroscopically. The results show that all mutations have little impact on the pigment binding and configuration. However, many mutants presented decreased thermo- or photo-stability compared with the wild type, highlighting the significance of this helix to the stability of LHCII. The most critical residue for stability is W97. The mutant W97A yielded very fragile trimeric pigment protein complexes. The structural analysis revealed that the hydrogen bonding and aromatic interactions between W97, F195, F194 and a water molecule contributed greatly to the stability of LHCII. Moreover, Q103A and F105A have been identified to be able to reinforce the tendency of aggregation in vitro. The structural analysis suggested that the enhancement in aggregation formation for Q103A and F105A might be attributed to the changing hydrophobicity of the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, P.R. China
| | - Yan Rao
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, P.R. China
| | - Chunhong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, P.R. China
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Garab G. Hierarchical organization and structural flexibility of thylakoid membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1837:481-94. [PMID: 24333385 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chloroplast thylakoid membranes accommodate densely packed protein complexes in ordered, often semi-crystalline arrays and are assembled into highly organized multilamellar systems, an organization warranting a substantial degree of stability. At the same time, they exhibit remarkable structural flexibility, which appears to play important - yet not fully understood - roles in different short-term adaptation mechanisms in response to rapidly changing environmental conditions. In this review I will focus on dynamic features of the hierarchically organized photosynthetic machineries at different levels of structural complexity: (i) isolated light harvesting complexes, (ii) molecular macroassemblies and supercomplexes, (iii) thylakoid membranes and (iv) their multilamellar membrane systems. Special attention will be paid to the most abundant systems, the major light harvesting antenna complex, LHCII, and to grana. Two physical mechanisms, which are less frequently treated in the literature, will receive special attention: (i) thermo-optic mechanism -elementary structural changes elicited by ultrafast local heat transients due to the dissipation of photon energy, which operates both in isolated antenna assemblies and the native thylakoid membranes, regulates important enzymatic functions and appears to play role in light adaptation and photoprotection mechanisms; and (ii) the mechanism by which non-bilayer lipids and lipid phases play key role in the functioning of xanthophyll cycle de-epoxidases and are proposed to regulate the protein-to-lipid ratio in thylakoid membranes and contribute to membrane dynamics. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Dynamic and ultrastructure of bioenergetic membranes and their components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Győző Garab
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary.
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34
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Nellaepalli S, Kodru S, Malavath T, Subramanyam R. Change in fast Chl a fluorescence transients, 2 dimensional protein profile and pigment protein interactions during state transitions in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 128:27-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kasson TMD, Barry BA. Reactive oxygen and oxidative stress: N-formyl kynurenine in photosystem II and non-photosynthetic proteins. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2012; 114:97-110. [PMID: 23161228 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-012-9784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
While light is the essential driving force for photosynthetic carbon fixation, high light intensities are toxic to photosynthetic organisms. Prolonged exposure to high light results in damage to the photosynthetic membrane proteins and suboptimal activity, a phenomenon called photoinhibition. The primary target for inactivation is the photosystem II (PSII) reaction center. PSII catalyzes the light-induced oxidation of water at the oxygen-evolving complex. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated under photoinhibitory conditions and induce oxidative post translational modifications of amino acid side chains. Specific modification of tryptophan residues to N-formylkynurenine (NFK) occurs in the CP43 and D1 core polypeptides of PSII. The NFK modification has also been detected in other proteins, such as mitochondrial respiratory enzymes, and is formed by a non-random, ROS-targeted mechanism. NFK has been shown to accumulate in PSII during conditions of high light stress in vitro. This review provides a summary of what is known about the generation and function of NFK in PSII and other proteins. Currently, the role of ROS in photoinhibition is under debate. Furthermore, the triggers for the degradation and accelerated turnover of PSII subunits, which occur under high light, are not yet identified. Owing to its unique optical and Raman signal, NFK provides a new marker to use in the identification of ROS generation sites in PSII and other proteins. Also, the speculative hypothesis that NFK, and other oxidative modifications of tryptophan, play a role in the PSII damage and repair cycle is discussed. NFK may have a similar function during oxidative stress in other biologic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina M Dreaden Kasson
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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36
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Abstract
LHCII is the largest light-harvesting pigment-protein complex of plants, comprising more than half of photosynthetically active chlorophyll pigments in biosphere. Understanding relationship between the molecular structure of the complex and photophysical processes that undergo in this pigment-protein complex is an aim of numerous current studies. This chapter addresses possibility of the application of single-molecule fluorescence measurements and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) in a study of LHCII.
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Brestic M, Zivcak M, Kalaji HM, Carpentier R, Allakhverdiev SI. Photosystem II thermostability in situ: environmentally induced acclimation and genotype-specific reactions in Triticum aestivum L. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 57:93-105. [PMID: 22698752 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) thermostability and acclimation effects on PSII photochemical efficiency were analyzed in thirty field grown winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes using prompt chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics before and after dark heat treatment. A gradual increase in temperature caused the appearance of K-bands at 300 μs on the chlorophyll fluorescence induction curve, indicating the impairment of the PSII donor side (even by heat treatment at 38 °C). An increase in basal fluorescence, commonly used as a criterion of PSII thermostability, was observed beyond a temperature threshold of 44 °C. Moreover, an acclimation shift (increase of critical temperature) was observed at the 3.5 °C identified for K-band appearance, but only by 1.1 °C for a steep increase in F(0). The single temperature approach with regular weekly observations completed within two months using dark heat treatment at 40 °C demonstrated that the acclimation effect is not gradual, but occurs immediately and is associated with an increase of daily temperature maxima over 30 °C. The acclimated heat treated samples had less effect on the donor side of PSII, the higher fraction of active Q(A)(-) reducing reaction centers and causing a much lower decrease of connectivity among PSII units compared to non-acclimated samples. In the non-treated plants the reduction of antennae size, increase of PSII connectivity and changes in the acceptor side occurred as a result of heat acclimation. The enhancement of PSII thermostability persisted over several weeks regardless of weather conditions. The genotype comparison identified three groups that differed either in initial PSII thermostability or in acclimation capacity; these groupings were clearly associated with the origin of the genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
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38
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Nagy G, Pieper J, Krumova SB, Kovács L, Trapp M, Garab G, Peters J. Dynamic properties of photosystem II membranes at physiological temperatures characterized by elastic incoherent neutron scattering. Increased flexibility associated with the inactivation of the oxygen evolving complex. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2012; 111:113-24. [PMID: 22052408 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-011-9701-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Elastic incoherent neutron scattering (EINS), a non-invasive technique which is capable of measuring the mean square displacement of atoms in the sample, has been widely used in biology for exploring the dynamics of proteins and lipid membranes but studies on photosynthetic systems are scarce. In this study we investigated the dynamic characteristics of Photosystem II (PSII) membrane fragments between 280 and 340 K, i.e., in the physiological temperature range and in the range of thermal denaturation of some of the protein complexes. The mean square displacement values revealed the presence of a hydration-sensitive transition in the sample between 310 and 320 K, suggesting that the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) plays an important role in the transition. Indeed, in samples in which the OEC had been removed by TRIS- or heat-treatments (323 and 333 K) no such transition was found. Further support on the main role of OEC in these reorganizations is provided by data obtained from differential scanning calorimetry experiments, showing marked differences between the untreated and TRIS-treated samples. In contrast, circular dichroism spectra exhibited only minor changes in the excitonic interactions below 323 K, showing that the molecular organization of the pigment-protein complexes remains essentially unaffected. Our data, along with earlier incoherent neutron scattering data on PSII membranes at cryogenic temperatures (Pieper et al., Biochemistry 46:11398-11409, 2007), demonstrate that this technique can be applied to characterize the dynamic features of PSII membranes, and can be used to investigate photosynthetic membranes under physiologically relevant experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Nagy
- Institut Laue-Langevin, P.O. Box 156, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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39
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Janik E, Maksymiec W, Grudziński W, Gruszecki WI. Strong light-induced reorganization of pigment-protein complexes of thylakoid membranes in rye (spectroscopic study). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 169:65-71. [PMID: 22074666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The supramolecular reorganization of LHCII complexes within the thylakoid membrane in Secale cereale leaves under low and high light condition was examined. Rye seedlings were germinated hydroponically in a climate chamber with a 16 h daylight photoperiod, photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 150 μmo lm(-2)s(-1) and 24/16°C day/night temperature. The influence of pre-illumination of the plants with high light intensity on the PSII antenna complexes was studied by comparison of the structure and function of the LHCII complexes and organization of thylakoid membranes isolated from 10-day-old plants illuminated with low (150 μmo lm(-2)s(-1)) or high (1200 μmo lm(-2)s(-1)) light intensity. Aggregated and trimeric with monomeric forms of LHCII complexes were separated from the whole thylakoid membranes using non-denaturing electrophoresis. Analyses of fluorescence emission spectra of these different LHCII forms showed that the monomer was the most effective aggregating antenna form. Moreover, photoprotection connected with LHCII aggregation was more effective upon LHCII monomers in comparison to trimer aggregation. Light stress induced specific organization of neighboring LHCII complexes, causing an increase in fluorescence yield of the long-wavelength bands (centered at 701 and 734 nm). The changes in the organization of the thylakoid membrane under light stress, observed by analysis of absorbance spectra obtained by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, also indicated light-induced LHCII aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Janik
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
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40
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Photosynthetic Responses of Plants to Excess Light: Mechanisms and Conditions for Photoinhibition, Excess Energy Dissipation and Repair. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-1579-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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41
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Kalaji HM, Bosa K, Kościelniak J, Hossain Z. Chlorophyll a fluorescence--A useful tool for the early detection of temperature stress in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2011; 15:925-34. [PMID: 22106950 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2011.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The photosynthetic activity of two Syrian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landraces, Arabi Abiad (A. Abiad) and Arabi Aswad (A. Aswad), grown under low- and high- temperature stresses, were studied by analyzing the measured chlorophyll fluorescence signals. Both the applied stresses influenced photosystem II (PSII) activity. However, the effects depend on the stress type and the duration of its application. Phenomenological parameters were shifted shortly after the application of both stresses, whereas fluorescence ratios and yield values were altered most significantly after 7 days of stress imposition. The earliest changes in PSII activity of both cultivars were observed in the case of high temperature treatment. The maximal quantum efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus (F(v)/F(M)) did not alter after stress application. Therefore, we could not recommend this parameter for early detection of such stress. In contrast, the results from the present investigation strongly indicate that the most significantly changed chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters could be used as an efficient tool for the early diagnosis of temperature stress in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem M Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.
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42
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Galetskiy D, Lohscheider JN, Kononikhin AS, Popov IA, Nikolaev EN, Adamska I. Phosphorylation and nitration levels of photosynthetic proteins are conversely regulated by light stress. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 77:461-73. [PMID: 21901528 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-011-9824-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Using a label-free mass spectrometric approach, we investigated light-induced changes in the distribution of phosphorylated and nitrated proteins within subpopulations of native photosynthetic complexes in the thylakoid membrane of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves adapted to growth light (GL) and subsequently exposed to high light (HL). Eight protein phosphorylation sites were identified in photosystem II (PSII) and the phosphorylation level of seven was regulated by HL as determined based on peak areas from ion chromatograms of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated peptides. Although the phosphorylation of PSII proteins was reported in the past, we demonstrated for the first time that two minor antenna LHCB4 isoforms are alternately phosphorylated under GL and HL conditions in PSII monomers, dimers and supercomplexes. A role of LHCB4 phosphorylation in state transition and monomerization of PSII under HL conditions is proposed. We determined changes in the nitration level of 23 tyrosine residues in five photosystem I (PSI) and nine PSII proteins and demonstrated for the majority of them a lower nitration level in PSI and PSII complexes and supercomplexes under HL conditions, as compared to GL. In contrast, the nitration level significantly increased in assembled/disassembled PSI and PSII subcomplexes under HL conditions. A possible role of nitration in (1) monomerization of LHCB1-3 trimers under HL conditions (2) binding properties of ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase to photosystem I, and (3) PSII photodamage and repair cycle, is discussed. Based on these data, we propose that the conversely regulated phosphorylation and nitration levels regulate the stability and turnover of photosynthetic complexes under HL conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Galetskiy
- Department of Physiology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
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43
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Velikova V, Várkonyi Z, Szabó M, Maslenkova L, Nogues I, Kovács L, Peeva V, Busheva M, Garab G, Sharkey TD, Loreto F. Increased thermostability of thylakoid membranes in isoprene-emitting leaves probed with three biophysical techniques. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 157:905-16. [PMID: 21807886 PMCID: PMC3192565 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.182519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Three biophysical approaches were used to get insight into increased thermostability of thylakoid membranes in isoprene-emittingplants.Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants genetically modified to make isoprene and Platanus orientalis leaves, in which isoprene emission was chemically inhibited, were used. First, in the circular dichroism spectrum the transition temperature of the main band at 694 nm was higher in the presence of isoprene, indicating that the heat stability of chiral macrodomains of chloroplast membranes, and specifically the stability of ordered arrays of light-harvesting complex II-photosystem II in the stacked region of the thylakoid grana, was improved in the presence of isoprene. Second, the decay of electrochromic absorbance changes resulting from the electric field component of the proton motive force (ΔA₅₁₅) was evaluated following single-turnover saturating flashes. The decay of ΔA₅₁₅ was faster in the absence of isoprene when leaves of Arabidopsis and Platanus were exposed to high temperature, indicating that isoprene protects the thylakoid membranes against leakiness at elevated temperature. Finally, thermoluminescence measurements revealed that S₂Q(B)⁻ charge recombination was shifted to higher temperature in Arabidopsis and Platanus plants in the presence of isoprene, indicating higher activation energy for S₂Q(B)⁻ redox pair, which enables isoprene-emitting plants to perform efficient primary photochemistry of photosystem II even at higher temperatures. The data provide biophysical evidence that isoprene improves the integrity and functionality of the thylakoid membranes at high temperature. These results contribute to our understanding of isoprene mechanism of action in plant protection against environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Loreto
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics (V.V., L.M., V.P.) and Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering (M.B.), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary (Z.V., M.S., L.K., G.G.); Institute of Agroenvironmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy (I.N.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (T.D.S.); Institute for Plant Protection, National Research Council, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy (F.L.)
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44
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Light-induced isomerization of the LHCII-bound xanthophyll neoxanthin: Possible implications for photoprotection in plants. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1807:1237-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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45
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Gruszecki WI, Zubik M, Luchowski R, Grudzinski W, Gospodarek M, Szurkowski J, Gryczynski Z, Gryczynski I. Investigation of the molecular mechanism of the blue-light-specific excitation energy quenching in the plant antenna complex LHCII. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 168:409-414. [PMID: 20950892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2010.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Excitation of the major photosynthetic antenna complex of plants, LHCII, with blue light (470nm) provides an advantage to plants, as it gives rise to chlorophyll a fluorescence lifetimes shorter than with excitation with red light (635nm). This difference is particularly pronounced in fluorescence emission wavelengths longer than 715nm. Illumination of LHCII preparation with blue light additionally induces fluorescence quenching, which develops on a minute timescale. This effect is much less efficient when induced by red light, despite the equalized energy absorbed in both the spectral regions. Simultaneous analysis of the fluorescence and photoacoustic signals in LHCII demonstrated that the light-driven fluorescence quenching is not associated with an increase in heat emission. Instead, a reversible light-induced conformational transformation of the protein takes place, as demonstrated by the FTIR technique. These findings are discussed in terms of the blue-light-specific excitation energy quenching in LHCII, which may have photoprotective applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wieslaw I Gruszecki
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20 031 Lublin, Poland.
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46
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The light-harvesting complexes of higher-plant Photosystem I: Lhca1/4 and Lhca2/3 form two red-emitting heterodimers. Biochem J 2011; 433:477-85. [PMID: 21083539 DOI: 10.1042/bj20101538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The outer antenna of higher-plant PSI (Photosystem I) is composed of four complexes [Lhc (light-harvesting complex) a1-Lhca4] belonging to the light-harvesting protein family. Difficulties in their purification have so far prevented the determination of their properties and most of the knowledge about Lhcas has been obtained from the study of the in vitro reconstituted antennas. In the present study we were able to purify the native complexes, showing that Lhca2/3 and Lhca1/4 form two functional heterodimers. Both dimers show red-fluorescence emission with maxima around 730 nm, as in the intact PSI complex. This indicates that the dimers are in their native state and that LHCI-680, which was previously assumed to be part of the PSI antenna, does not represent the native state of the system. The data show that the light-harvesting properties of the two dimers are functionally identical, concerning absorption, long-wavelength emission and fluorescence quantum yield, whereas they differ in their high-light response. Implications of the present study for the understanding of the energy transfer process in PSI are discussed. Finally, the comparison of the properties of the native dimers with those of the reconstituted complexes demonstrates that all of the major properties of the Lhcas are reproduced in the in vitro systems.
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47
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Abstract
Six different xanthophyll cycles have been described in photosynthetic organisms. All of them protect the photosynthetic apparatus from photodamage caused by light-induced oxidative stress. Overexcitation conditions lead, in the chloroplast, to the over-reduction of the NADP pool and production of superoxide, which can subsequently be metabolized to hydrogen peroxide or a hydroxyl radical, other reactive oxygen species (ROS). On the other hand, overexcitation of photosystems leads to an increased lifetime of the chlorophyll excited state, increasing the probability of chlorophyll triplet formation which reacts with triplet oxygen forming single oxygen, another ROS. The products of the light-dependent phase of xanthophyll cycles play an important role in the protection against oxidative stress generated not only by an excess of light but also by other ROS-generating factors such as drought, chilling, heat, senescence, or salinity stress. Four, mainly hypothetical, mechanisms explaining the protective role of xanthophyll cycles in oxidative stress are presented. One of them is the direct quenching of overexcitation by products of the light phase of xanthophyll cycles and three others are based on the indirect participation of xanthophyll cycle carotenoids in the process of photoprotection. They include: (1) indirect quenching of overexcitation by aggregation-dependent light-harvesting complexes (LHCII) quenching; (2) light-driven mechanisms in LHCII; and (3) a model based on charge transfer quenching between Chl a and Zx. Moreover, results of the studies on the antioxidant properties of xanthophyll cycle pigments in model systems are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Latowski
- Department of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryFaculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paulina Kuczyńska
- Department of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryFaculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Strzałka
- Department of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryFaculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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48
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Simidjiev I, Várkonyi Z, Lambrev PH, Garab G. Isolation and characterization of lamellar aggregates of LHCII and LHCII-lipid macro-assemblies with light-inducible structural transitions. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 684:127-38. [PMID: 20960127 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-925-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We describe the method of isolation of loosely stacked lamellar aggregates of LHCII that are capable of undergoing light-induced reversible structural changes, similar to those in granal thylakoid membranes (LHCII, the main chlorophyll a/b light-harvesting antenna complex of photosystem II). This unexpected structural flexibility of the antenna complexes depends largely on the lipid content that is retained during the isolation. As revealed by circular dichroism, in lipid-LHCII aggregates, the pigment-pigment interactions are very similar to those in the thylakoid membranes, while they differ significantly from those in solubilized trimers. The essence of the procedure is to adjust--for the plant material used--the proper conditions of detergent solubilization and purification that are mild enough for the associated lipids but provide sufficient purity. Microcrystals and most other LHCII preparations, which are more delipidated, are not capable of similar changes. The light-induced structural reorganizations can be enhanced by the addition of different thylakoid lipids, which--depending on the lipid species--also lead to the transformation of the lamellar structure. The preparation of different LHCII-lipid macro-assemblies is also described. Both in structurally flexible LHCII preparations and in thylakoids, the changes originate from a thermo-optic effect: fast local thermal transients, T-jumps, due to the dissipation of the (excess) excitation energy, which lead to elementary structural transitions in the close vicinity of the dissipating centers. This can occur because thylakoids and structurally flexible LHCII assemblies, but, e.g., not the microcrystals, exhibit a thermal instability below the denaturation temperature, and thus (local) heating leads to reorganizations without the loss of the molecular architecture of the constituents. We also list the main biochemical and biophysical techniques that can be used for testing the structural flexibility of LHCII, and discuss the potential physiological significance of the structural changes in light adaptation and photoprotection of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilian Simidjiev
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
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49
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Saito A, Iino T, Sonoike K, Miwa E, Higuchi K. Remodeling of the Major Light-Harvesting Antenna Protein of PSII Protects the Young Leaves of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) from Photoinhibition under Prolonged Iron Deficiency. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 51:2013-30. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcq160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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50
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Gruszecki WI, Zubik M, Luchowski R, Janik E, Grudzinski W, Gospodarek M, Goc J, Fiedor L, Gryczynski Z, Gryczynski I. Photoprotective role of the xanthophyll cycle studied by means of modeling of xanthophyll–LHCII interactions. Chem Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2010.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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