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Nath A, Sharma A, Singh SK, Sundaram S. Assessing the Impact of Hexavalent Chromium (Cr VI) at Varied Concentrations on Spirulina platensis for Growth, Metal Sorption, and Photosynthetic Responses. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:231. [PMID: 38896297 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03743-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Spirulina platensis, a photosynthetic cyanobacterium, has garnered attention for its potential role in environmental remediation due to its ability to absorb and metabolize toxic heavy metals. Understanding its response toward toxicity of one of the most common contaminants, Cr(VI) is crucial for assessing its efficacy in bioremediation efforts. This study aims to investigate the physiological and biochemical responses of Spirulina platensis to varying concentrations of Cr(VI) from 0.5 to 5 ppm, shedding light on its potential as a bioindicator for environmental contamination and its suitability for bioremediation purposes. The impact of Cr(VI) on cell density, biosorption, pigment levels, nutrient content, fluorescence response, and photosynthetic efficiency was examined. The study revealed a gradual reduction in cell density, biomass production, and biosorption efficiency with increasing Cr(VI) concentrations. Pigment levels, carbohydrate, protein, and lipid content showed significant decreases, indicating physiological stress. Fluorescence response and photosynthetic efficiency were also adversely affected, suggesting alterations in electron transfer dynamics. A threshold for chromium toxicity was observed at 0.5 ppm, beyond which significant physiological disturbances occurred. This investigation highlights the sensitivity of Spirulina platensis to Cr(VI) toxicity and its potential as a bioindicator for heavy metal contamination. Metal sorption was highest in 0.5 ppm Cr(VI) with 56.56% removal. Notably, at lower concentrations, Cr(VI) acted as an intermediate electron acceptor, enhancing the electron transport chain and potentially increasing biomass under controlled conditions. The findings underscore the importance of understanding the mechanisms underlying heavy metal stress in microalgae for effective environmental remediation strategies. The research highlights the dual role of chromium(VI) in influencing S. platensis, depending on the concentration, and underscores the importance of understanding metal ion interactions with photosynthetic organisms for potential applications in bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Nath
- Department of Botany, Nehru Gram Bharati Deemed to University, Prayagraj, 221505, India.
| | - Abhijeet Sharma
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | | | - Shanthy Sundaram
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
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2
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Käfer S, Niemeyer N, Tölle J, Neugebauer J. Triplet Excitation-Energy Transfer Couplings from Subsystem Time-Dependent Density-Functional Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:2475-2490. [PMID: 38450637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
We present an implementation of triplet excitation-energy transfer (TEET) couplings based on subsystem-based time-dependent density-functional theory (sTDDFT). TEET couplings are systematically investigated by comparing "exact" and approximate variants of sTDDFT. We demonstrate that, while sTDDFT utilizing explicit approximate non-additive kinetic energy (NAKE) density functionals is well-suited for describing singlet EET processes, it is inadequate for characterizing TEET. However, we show that projection-based embedding (PbE)-based sTDDFT addresses the challenges faced by NAKE-sTDDFT and emerges as a promising method for accurately describing electronic couplings in TEET processes. We also introduce the mixed PbE-/NAKE-embedding procedure to investigate the TEET effects in solvated pairs of chromophores. This approach offers a good balance between accuracy and efficiency, enabling comprehensive studies of TEET processes in complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Käfer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Niklas Niemeyer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Johannes Tölle
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Johannes Neugebauer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany
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3
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Jin C, Zhu Y, You J, Yu Q, Liu Q, Zhou X. The regulation of light quality on the substance production and photosynthetic activity of Dunaliella bardawil. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 252:112872. [PMID: 38401433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
To study the influence and regulation of light quality on the microalgal photosynthetic activity and production of biomass and substances, green alga Dunaliella bardawil was cultured in this study under the monochromatic red light (7R0B), blue light (0R7B), and their combinations with different ratios (xRyB, x + y = 7), as well as a control of white light (W). The results demonstrated that the only advantage for control W was its chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and Chl-b contents. All substance production at 7R0B were much lower than at control W, except of glycerol. Compared to control W, protein production at 1R6B (259.22 mg/L) was 1.10 times greater, carbohydrate production at 0R7B (306.49 mg/L) was 1.34 times higher, lipid production at 3R4B (133.60 mg/L) was 1.36 times higher, and glycerol production at 4R3B (53.58 mg/L) was 1.13 times greater. In comparison to control W, there was the significant improvements of at least 19%, 20%, and 5%, respectively, in the values of potential maximal relative electron transport efficiency (rETRmax), light intensity with saturated rETR (IK), and actual photochemical efficiency of PSII (QYss) in treatments. The correlation analysis revealed that the content of carotenoids was closely related to non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). The test using Chl-a fluorescence transients (JIP-test) proved that red light inhibited electron transport from reduced Quinone A (QA-) to QB and resulted in a sharp increase in RC/CSm, and that the blue-dominated light enhanced electron transport from QA- to QB and from plastoquinone (PQ) to PSI receptor side. The photosynthetic parameters including Ψo, φEO, φRO, δRO, PIABS, PItotal, DFABS, and DFtotal, which were positively correlated with growth and substance production, were improved by blue-dominated light. The variations in the electron transport chain might provide the signals for metabolic regulation. The results of this study will be helpful to promote the production of Dunaliella bardawil under artificial illumination and to clarify the regulating mechanism of light quality on microalgal photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuili Jin
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 Huayang West Street, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China; Marine Science & Technology Institute, Yangzhou University, 196 Huayang West Street, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 Huayang West Street, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiajie You
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 Huayang West Street, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiuyan Yu
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 Huayang West Street, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 Huayang West Street, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China; Marine Science & Technology Institute, Yangzhou University, 196 Huayang West Street, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhou
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 Huayang West Street, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China; Marine Science & Technology Institute, Yangzhou University, 196 Huayang West Street, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China.
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4
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Lee H, Kim G, Depuydt S, Shin K, Han T, Park J. Metal Toxicity across Different Thallus Sections of the Green Macroalga, Ulva australis. TOXICS 2023; 11:548. [PMID: 37505514 PMCID: PMC10384764 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to identify functional differences between different sections of the thallus of Ulva australis and develop tissue-endpoint combinations to assess the toxicity of six metals (i.e., Ag, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Ni). EC50 values for these metals in three sections of the thallus of Ulva were obtained for multiple endpoints: relative growth rate (RGR), chlorophyll a fluorescence, pigment contents, and the expression of the photosynthesis-related gene, rbcL. The responses of the endpoints varied across the respective thallus sections; overall, the most toxic metals were Ag and Cu. These endpoints were the best for evaluating metal toxicity: ETRmax of the middle thallus sections for Ag toxicity; RGR of the middle thallus section for As and Cd; ETRmax of the marginal thallus section for Cr; Chl b contents of the marginal thallus section for Cu; RGR of the basal thallus section for Ni. The EC50 values for the inhibition of ETRmax in middle (0.06 mg∙L-1) and Chl b in the marginal thallus sections (0.06 mg∙L-1) were all lower than those of the quality standard for wastewater discharge values of Ag and Cu in Republic of Korea and the US, pointing to the suitability of U. australis-based endpoints for risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojun Lee
- Bio Environmental Science and Technology (BEST) Lab, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5, Songdomunhwa-ro, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea
| | - Geonhee Kim
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, 119, Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Stephen Depuydt
- Erasmus Brussels University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Nijverheidskaai 170, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kisik Shin
- Water Environmental Engineering Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), 42, Hwangyeong-ro, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejun Han
- Bio Environmental Science and Technology (BEST) Lab, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5, Songdomunhwa-ro, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653-Block F, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jihae Park
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653-Block F, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
- Centre for Environmental and Energy Research, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5, Songdomunhwa-ro, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea
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Navakoudis E, Stergiannakos T, Daskalakis V. A perspective on the major light-harvesting complex dynamics under the effect of pH, salts, and the photoprotective PsbS protein. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023; 156:163-177. [PMID: 35816266 PMCID: PMC10070230 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00935-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The photosynthetic apparatus is a highly modular assembly of large pigment-binding proteins. Complexes called antennae can capture the sunlight and direct it from the periphery of two Photosystems (I, II) to the core reaction centers, where it is converted into chemical energy. The apparatus must cope with the natural light fluctuations that can become detrimental to the viability of the photosynthetic organism. Here we present an atomic scale view of the photoprotective mechanism that is activated on this line of defense by several photosynthetic organisms to avoid overexcitation upon excess illumination. We provide a complete macroscopic to microscopic picture with specific details on the conformations of the major antenna of Photosystem II that could be associated with the switch from the light-harvesting to the photoprotective state. This is achieved by combining insight from both experiments and all-atom simulations from our group and the literature in a perspective article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Navakoudis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 95 Eirinis Street, 3603, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Taxiarchis Stergiannakos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 95 Eirinis Street, 3603, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Vangelis Daskalakis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 95 Eirinis Street, 3603, Limassol, Cyprus.
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Yao HD, Li DH, Gao RY, Zhou C, Wang W, Wang P, Shen JR, Kuang T, Zhang JP. A Possible Mechanism for Aggregation-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence Quenching in Light-Harvesting Complex II from the Marine Green Alga Bryopsis corticulans. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:9580-9590. [PMID: 36356234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c05823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The light-harvesting complex II of a green alga Bryopsis corticulans (B-LHCII) is peculiar in that it contains siphonein and siphonaxathin as carotenoid (Car). Since the S1 state of siphonein and siphonaxathin lies substantially higher than the Qy state of chlorophyll a (Chl a), the Chl a(Qy)-to-Car(S1) excitation energy transfer is unfeasible. To understand the photoprotective mechanism of algal photosynthesis, we investigated the influence of temperature on the excitation dynamics of B-LHCII in trimeric and aggregated forms. At room temperature, the aggregated form showed a 10-fold decrease in fluorescence intensity and lifetime than the trimeric form. Upon lowering the temperature, the characteristic 680 nm fluorescence (F-680) of B-LHCII in both forms exhibited systematic intensity enhancement and spectral narrowing; however, only the aggregated form showed a red emission extending over 690-780 nm (F-RE) with pronounced blueshift, lifetime prolongation, and intensity boost. The remarkable T-dependence of F-RE is ascribed to the Chl-Chl charge transfer (CT) species involved directly in the aggregation-induced Chl deactivation. The CT-quenching mechanism, which is considered to be crucial for B. corticulans photoprotection, draws strong support from the positive correlation of the Chl deactivation rate with the CT state population, as revealed by comparing the fluorescence dynamics of B-LHCII with that of the plant LHCII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Dan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, 100872 Beijing, China
| | - Dan-Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, 100872 Beijing, China
| | - Rong-Yao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, 100872 Beijing, China
| | - Cuicui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093 Beijing, China
| | - Wenda Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093 Beijing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, 100872 Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093 Beijing, China.,Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tingyun Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093 Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, 100872 Beijing, China
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Breen S, Hussain R, Breeze E, Brown H, Alzwiy I, Abdelsayed S, Gaikwad T, Grant M. Chloroplasts play a central role in facilitating MAMP-triggered immunity, pathogen suppression of immunity and crosstalk with abiotic stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:3001-3017. [PMID: 35892221 PMCID: PMC9544062 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP)-triggered immunity (MTI) research has traditionally centred around signal transduction pathways originating from activated membrane-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), culminating in nuclear transcription and posttranslational modifications. More recently, chloroplasts have emerged as key immune signalling hubs, playing a central role in integrating environmental signals. Notably, MAMP recognition induces chloroplastic reactive oxygen species (cROS) that is suppressed by pathogen effectors, which also modify the balance of chloroplast-synthesized precursors of the defence hormones, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid. This study focuses on how well-characterized PRRs and coreceptors modulate chloroplast physiology, examining whether diverse signalling pathways converge to similarly modulate chloroplast function. Pretreatment of receptor mutant plants with MAMP and D(Damage)AMP peptides usually protect against effector modulation of chlorophyll fluorescence and prevent Pseudomonas syringae effector-mediated quenching of cROS and suppression of maximum dark-adapted quantum efficiency (the ratio of variable/maximum fluorescence [Fv /Fm ]). The MTI coreceptor double mutant, bak1-5/bkk1-1, exhibits a remarkable decrease in Fv /Fm compared to control plants during infection, underlining the importance of MTI-mediated signalling in chloroplast immunity. Further probing the role of the chloroplast in immunity, we unexpectedly found that even moderate changes in light intensity can uncouple plant immune signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Breen
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
| | - Rana Hussain
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
| | - Emily Breeze
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
| | - Hannah Brown
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
- Present address:
Department of Health and Social CareVictoria Street, London SW1H 0EU, UK
| | - Ibrahim Alzwiy
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
- Present address:
Authority of Natural Science Research and TechnologyP.O. Box 30666, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Sara Abdelsayed
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
- Botany Department, Faculty of scienceBenha UniversityBenhaEgypt
| | - Trupti Gaikwad
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
- Present address:
Marine Biology AssociationPlymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Murray Grant
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
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Violaxanthin and Zeaxanthin May Replace Lutein at the L1 Site of LHCII, Conserving the Interactions with Surrounding Chlorophylls and the Capability of Triplet-Triplet Energy Transfer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094812. [PMID: 35563202 PMCID: PMC9105099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids represent the first line of defence of photosystems against singlet oxygen (1O2) toxicity, because of their capacity to quench the chlorophyll triplet state (3Chl) through a physical mechanism based on the transfer of triplet excitation (triplet-triplet energy transfer, TTET). In previous works, we showed that the antenna LHCII is characterised by a robust photoprotective mechanism, able to adapt to the removal of individual chlorophylls while maintaining a remarkable capacity for 3Chl quenching. In this work, we investigated the effects on this quenching induced in LHCII by the replacement of the lutein bound at the L1 site with violaxanthin and zeaxanthin. We studied LHCII isolated from the Arabidopsis thaliana mutants lut2-in which lutein is replaced by violaxanthin-and lut2 npq2, in which all xanthophylls are replaced constitutively by zeaxanthin. We characterised the photophysics of these systems via optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) and time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TR-EPR). We concluded that, in LHCII, lutein-binding sites have conserved characteristics, and ensure efficient TTET regardless of the identity of the carotenoid accommodated.
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Liu C, Huang Y, Wu F, Liu W, Ning Y, Huang Z, Tang S, Liang Y. Plant adaptability in karst regions. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:889-906. [PMID: 34258691 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01330-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Karst ecosystems are formed by dissolution of soluble rocks, usually with conspicuous landscape features, such as sharp peaks, steep slopes and deep valleys. The plants in karst regions develop special adaptability. Here, we reviewed the research progresses on plant adaptability in karst regions, including drought, high temperature and light, high-calcium stresses responses and the strategies of water utilization for plants, soil nutrients impact, human interference and geographical traits on karst plants. Drought, high temperature and light change their physiological and morphological structures to adapt to karst environments. High-calcium and soil nutrients can transfer surplus nutrients to special parts of plants to avoid damage of high nutrient concentration. Therefore, karst plants can make better use of limited water. Human interference also affects geographical distribution of karst plants and their growing environment. All of these aspects may be analyzed to provide guidance and suggestions for related research on plant adaptability mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunni Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin, China
| | - Yang Huang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin, China
| | - Yiqiu Ning
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin, China
| | - Zhenrong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin, China
| | - Shaoqing Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin, China.
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Li RQ, Jiang M, Huang JZ, Møller IM, Shu QY. Mutations of the Genomes Uncoupled 4 Gene Cause ROS Accumulation and Repress Expression of Peroxidase Genes in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:682453. [PMID: 34178000 PMCID: PMC8232891 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.682453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The Genomes Uncoupled 4 (GUN4) is one of the retrograde signaling genes in Arabidopsis and its orthologs have been identified in oxygenic phototrophic organisms from cyanobacterium to higher plants. GUN4 is involved in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis and its mutation often causes chlorophyll-deficient phenotypes with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), hence it has been speculated that GUN4 may also play a role in photoprotection. However, the biological mechanism leading to the increased ROS accumulation in gun4 mutants remains largely unknown. In our previous studies, we generated an epi-mutant allele of OsGUN4 (gun4 epi ), which downregulated its expression to ∼0.5% that of its wild-type (WT), and a complete knockout allele gun4-1 due to abolishment of its translation start site. In the present study, three types of F2 plant derived from a gun4-1/gun4 epi cross, i.e., gun4-1/gun4-1, gun4-1/gun4 epi and gun4 epi /gun4 epi were developed and used for further investigation by growing them under photoperiodic condition (16 h/8 h light/dark) with low light (LL, 100 μmol photons m-2 s-1) or high light (HL, 1000 μmol photons m-2 s-1). The expression of OsGUN4 was light responsive and had two peaks in the daytime. gun4-1/gun4-1-F2 seeds showed defective germination and died within 7 days. Significantly higher levels of ROS accumulated in all types of OsGUN4 mutants than in WT plants under both the LL and HL conditions. A comparative RNA-seq analysis of WT variety LTB and its gun4 epi mutant HYB led to the identification of eight peroxidase (PRX)-encoding genes that were significantly downregulated in HYB. The transcription of these eight PRX genes was restored in transgenic HYB protoplasts overexpressing OsGUN4, while their expression was repressed in LTB protoplasts transformed with an OsGUN4 silencing vector. We conclude that OsGUN4 is indispensable for rice, its expression is light- and oxidative-stress responsive, and it plays a role in ROS accumulation via its involvement in the transcriptional regulation of PRX genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Qing Li
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya, China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Meng Jiang
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Huang
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya, China
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Crop Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ian Max Møller
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Qing-Yao Shu
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya, China
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Crop Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Kumar U, Kaviraj M, Rout S, Chakraborty K, Swain P, Nayak PK, Nayak AK. Combined application of ascorbic acid and endophytic N-fixing Azotobacter chroococcum Avi2 modulates photosynthetic efficacy, antioxidants and growth-promotion in rice under moisture deficit stress. Microbiol Res 2021; 250:126808. [PMID: 34146939 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This group has previously reported the role of ascorbic acid (AA) as an antioxidant for survivability and ability to enhancing diazotrophic efficacy in Azotobacter chroococcum Avi2 under hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stress. However, the present study showed the combined application of AA and Avi2 in drought-susceptible (IR64 and Naveen) and drought-tolerant (Ankit and Satyabhama) rice cultivars to determine their photosynthetic efficacy (chlorophyll fluorescence-imaging), antioxidants, and plant growth-promotion (PGP) under moisture deficit stress (MS, -60 kPa). The results indicated that combined application of AA and Avi2 significantly (p < 0.05) increased the total chlorophyll, relative water content, electrolytic leakage, super oxide dismutase, and catalase activities in all rice cultivars as compared to other MS treatments, whereas stress indicators like proline and H2O2 contents were proportionally increased under MS and their concentration were normalized under combined application of AA and Avi2. Photochemical quenching, non-photochemical quenching, photosynthetic electron transport rate, and the effective quantum efficiency were found to be increased significantly (p < 0.05) in Avi2 + AA as compared to other MS treatments. Moreover, rice roots harbored significantly (p < 0.05) higher copy number of nifH gene in Avi2 + AA treatment followed by Avi2 compared to flooded control and other MS treatments. Combined application of AA and Avi2 also increased the grain yield significantly (p < 0.05) by 7.09 % and 3.92 % in drought-tolerant (Ankit and Satyabhama, respectively) and 31.70 % and 34.19 % in drought-susceptible (IR64 and Naveen, respectively) rice cultivars compared to MS treatment. Overall, the present study indicated that AA along with Avi2 could be an effective formulation to alleviate MS vis à vis enhances PGP traits in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra Kumar
- ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India.
| | - Megha Kaviraj
- ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Snehasini Rout
- ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - K Chakraborty
- ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - P Swain
- ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - P K Nayak
- ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - A K Nayak
- ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
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12
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Antenna Protein Clustering In Vitro Unveiled by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062969. [PMID: 33804002 PMCID: PMC8000295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Antenna protein aggregation is one of the principal mechanisms considered effective in protecting phototrophs against high light damage. Commonly, it is induced, in vitro, by decreasing detergent concentration and pH of a solution of purified antennas; the resulting reduction in fluorescence emission is considered to be representative of non-photochemical quenching in vivo. However, little is known about the actual size and organization of antenna particles formed by this means, and hence the physiological relevance of this experimental approach is questionable. Here, a quasi-single molecule method, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), was applied during in vitro quenching of LHCII trimers from higher plants for a parallel estimation of particle size, fluorescence, and antenna cluster homogeneity in a single measurement. FCS revealed that, below detergent critical micelle concentration, low pH promoted the formation of large protein oligomers of sizes up to micrometers, and therefore is apparently incompatible with thylakoid membranes. In contrast, LHCII clusters formed at high pH were smaller and homogenous, and yet still capable of efficient quenching. The results altogether set the physiological validity limits of in vitro quenching experiments. Our data also support the idea that the small, moderately quenching LHCII oligomers found at high pH could be relevant with respect to non-photochemical quenching in vivo.
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Roeber VM, Bajaj I, Rohde M, Schmülling T, Cortleven A. Light acts as a stressor and influences abiotic and biotic stress responses in plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:645-664. [PMID: 33190307 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Light is important for plants as an energy source and a developmental signal, but it can also cause stress to plants and modulates responses to stress. Excess and fluctuating light result in photoinhibition and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation around photosystems II and I, respectively. Ultraviolet light causes photodamage to DNA and a prolongation of the light period initiates the photoperiod stress syndrome. Changes in light quality and quantity, as well as in light duration are also key factors impacting the outcome of diverse abiotic and biotic stresses. Short day or shady environments enhance thermotolerance and increase cold acclimation. Similarly, shade conditions improve drought stress tolerance in plants. Additionally, the light environment affects the plants' responses to biotic intruders, such as pathogens or insect herbivores, often reducing growth-defence trade-offs. Understanding how plants use light information to modulate stress responses will support breeding strategies to enhance crop stress resilience. This review summarizes the effect of light as a stressor and the impact of the light environment on abiotic and biotic stress responses. There is a special focus on the role of the different light receptors and the crosstalk between light signalling and stress response pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venja M Roeber
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ishita Bajaj
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mareike Rohde
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmülling
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Cortleven
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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14
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Divergence of photosynthetic strategies amongst marine diatoms. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244252. [PMID: 33370327 PMCID: PMC7769462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine phytoplankton, and in particular diatoms, are responsible for almost half of all primary production on Earth. Diatom species thrive from polar to tropical waters and across light environments that are highly complex to relatively benign, and so have evolved highly divergent strategies for regulating light capture and utilization. It is increasingly well established that diatoms have achieved such successful ecosystem dominance by regulating excitation energy available for generating photosynthetic energy via highly flexible light harvesting strategies. However, how different light harvesting strategies and downstream pathways for oxygen production and consumption interact to balance excitation pressure remains unknown. We therefore examined the responses of three diatom taxa adapted to inherently different light climates (estuarine Thalassioisira weissflogii, coastal Thalassiosira pseudonana and oceanic Thalassiosira oceanica) during transient shifts from a moderate to high growth irradiance (85 to 1200 μmol photons m-2 s-1). Transient high light exposure caused T. weissflogii to rapidly downregulate PSII with substantial nonphotochemical quenching, protecting PSII from inactivation or damage, and obviating the need for induction of O2 consuming (light-dependent respiration, LDR) pathways. In contrast, T. oceanica retained high excitation pressure on PSII, but with little change in RCII photochemical turnover, thereby requiring moderate repair activity and greater reliance on LDR. T. pseudonana exhibited an intermediate response compared to the other two diatom species, exhibiting some downregulation and inactivation of PSII, but high repair of PSII and induction of reversible PSII nonphotochemical quenching, with some LDR. Together, these data demonstrate a range of strategies for balancing light harvesting and utilization across diatom species, which reflect their adaptation to sustain photosynthesis under environments with inherently different light regimes.
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Lapillo M, Cignoni E, Cupellini L, Mennucci B. The energy transfer model of nonphotochemical quenching: Lessons from the minor CP29 antenna complex of plants. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Johnson MP. Just the essentials: photoprotective energy dissipation pared-down. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3380-3382. [PMID: 32569382 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This article comments on:
Saccon F, Giovagnetti V, Shukla MK, Ruban AV. 2020. Rapid regulation of photosynthetic light harvesting in the absence of minor antenna and reaction centre complexes. Journal of Experimental Botany 71, 3626–3637.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
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17
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Johansson S, Stephenson P, Edwards R, Yoshida K, Moore C, Terauchi R, Zubkov M, Terry M, Bibby T. Isolation and molecular characterisation of Dunaliella tertiolecta with truncated light-harvesting antenna for enhanced photosynthetic efficiency. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Nowicka B. Practical aspects of the measurements of non-photochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching in green microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using Open FluorCam. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 168:617-629. [PMID: 31264713 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Methods of chlorophyll fluorescence measurements are widely used in the research on photosynthesis and ecophysiology of plants and algae. Among them, a very popular technique is pulse-amplitude-modulation (PAM) flourometry, which is simple to carry out, fast and non-invasive. However, this method is also prone to generate artifacts if the experiments were not planned and executed properly. Application of this technique to algae brings additional complications, which need to be taken into consideration. Some of them are connected with sample preparation and setting of the protocols used, while another origin from the differences in the photosynthetic apparatus and regulation of photosynthesis in various algal groups when compared to vascular plants. In the present paper, some important practical aspects concerning PAM fluorometry measurements in the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii have been described, including the equipment settings and sample preparation. The impact of growth conditions, such as light, temperature and medium type on the induction of non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence have been also tackled, as well as the question of state transitions occurring in darkness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrycze Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
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19
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Cupellini L, Calvani D, Jacquemin D, Mennucci B. Charge transfer from the carotenoid can quench chlorophyll excitation in antenna complexes of plants. Nat Commun 2020; 11:662. [PMID: 32005811 PMCID: PMC6994720 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14488-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The photosynthetic apparatus of higher plants can dissipate excess excitation energy during high light exposure, by deactivating excited chlorophylls through a mechanism called nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ). However, the precise molecular details of quenching and the mechanism regulating the quenching level are still not completely understood. Focusing on the major light-harvesting complex LHCII of Photosystem II, we show that a charge transfer state involving Lutein can efficiently quench chlorophyll excitation, and reduce the excitation lifetime of LHCII to the levels measured in the deeply quenched LHCII aggregates. Through a combination of molecular dynamics simulations, multiscale quantum chemical calculations, and kinetic modeling, we demonstrate that the quenching level can be finely tuned by the protein, by regulating the energy of the charge transfer state. Our results suggest that a limited conformational rearrangement of the protein scaffold could act as a molecular switch to activate or deactivate the quenching mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cupellini
- Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, (PI), Italy.
| | - Dario Calvani
- Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, (PI), Italy
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Laboratoire CEISAM-UMR CNRS 6230, Université de Nantes, 2 Rue de la Houssiniere, BP-92208, F-44322 Cedex 3, Nantes, France
| | - Benedetta Mennucci
- Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, (PI), Italy.
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20
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Van Wittenberghe S, Alonso L, Malenovský Z, Moreno J. In vivo photoprotection mechanisms observed from leaf spectral absorbance changes showing VIS-NIR slow-induced conformational pigment bed changes. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 142:283-305. [PMID: 31541418 PMCID: PMC6874624 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00664-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Regulated heat dissipation under excessive light comprises a complexity of mechanisms, whereby the supramolecular light-harvesting pigment-protein complex (LHC) shifts state from light harvesting towards heat dissipation, quenching the excess of photo-induced excitation energy in a non-photochemical way. Based on whole-leaf spectroscopy measuring upward and downward spectral radiance fluxes, we studied spectrally contiguous (hyperspectral) transient time series of absorbance A(λ,t) and passively induced chlorophyll fluorescence F(λ,t) dynamics of intact leaves in the visible and near-infrared wavelengths (VIS-NIR, 400-800 nm) after sudden strong natural-like illumination exposure. Besides light avoidance mechanism, we observed on absorbance signatures, calculated from simultaneous reflectance R(λ,t) and transmittance T(λ,t) measurements as A(λ,t) = 1 - R(λ,t) - T(λ,t), major dynamic events with specific onsets and kinetical behaviour. A consistent well-known fast carotenoid absorbance feature (500-570 nm) appears within the first seconds to minutes, seen from both the reflected (backscattered) and transmitted (forward scattered) radiance differences. Simultaneous fast Chl features are observed, either as an increased or decreased scattering behaviour during quick light adjustment consistent with re-organizations of the membrane. The carotenoid absorbance feature shows up simultaneously with a major F decrease and corresponds to the xanthophyll conversion, as quick response to the proton gradient build-up. After xanthophyll conversion (t = 3 min), a kinetically slower but major and smooth absorbance increase was occasionally observed from the transmitted radiance measurements as wide peaks in the green (~ 550 nm) and the near-infrared (~ 750 nm) wavelengths, involving no further F quenching. Surprisingly, in relation to the response to high light, this broad and consistent VIS-NIR feature indicates a slowly induced absorbance increase with a sigmoid kinetical behaviour. In analogy to sub-leaf-level observations, we suggest that this mechanism can be explained by a structure-induced low-energy-shifted energy redistribution involving both Car and Chl. These findings might pave the way towards a further non-invasive spectral investigation of antenna conformations and their relations with energy quenching at the intact leaf level, which is, in combination with F measurements, of a high importance for assessing plant photosynthesis in vivo and in addition from remote observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shari Van Wittenberghe
- Laboratory of Earth Observation, Image Processing Laboratory, University of Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
- Optics of Photosynthesis Laboratory, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luis Alonso
- Laboratory of Earth Observation, Image Processing Laboratory, University of Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - Zbyněk Malenovský
- Geography and Spatial Sciences, School of Technology, Environments and Design, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 76, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - José Moreno
- Laboratory of Earth Observation, Image Processing Laboratory, University of Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
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Gacek DA, Holleboom C, Tietz S, Kirchhoff H, Walla PJ. PsbS‐dependent and ‐independent mechanisms regulate carotenoid‐chlorophyll energy coupling in grana thylakoids. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:3190-3197. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Gacek
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Technische Universität Braunschweig Germany
| | - Christoph‐Peter Holleboom
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Technische Universität Braunschweig Germany
| | - Stefanie Tietz
- Institute of Biological Chemistry Washington State University Pullman WA USA
- DOE Plant Research Laboratory Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA
| | - Helmut Kirchhoff
- Institute of Biological Chemistry Washington State University Pullman WA USA
| | - Peter Jomo Walla
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Technische Universität Braunschweig Germany
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22
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Ohnishi N, Wacera W F, Sakamoto W. Photosynthetic Responses to High Temperature and Strong Light Suggest Potential Post-flowering Drought Tolerance of Sorghum Japanese Landrace Takakibi. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2086-2099. [PMID: 31147706 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a C4 crop known to be adaptable to harsh environments such as those under high temperature and water deficit. In this study, we focused on a Japanese sorghum landrace Takakibi (NOG) and employed chlorophyll fluorescence measurements to assess its response to environmental stress. Comparison of photosynthetic rate evaluated using two parameters (effective quantum yield and electron transfer rate) indicated that NOG showed less activity than BTx623 in the pre-flowering stage, which was consistent with the higher susceptibility of NOG seedlings to drought than BTx623. The observed differences in photosynthetic activity between the two cultivars were detectable without drought conditions on days with high temperature and strong light. Interestingly, the photosynthetic activity of NOG leaves in stress conditions increased soon after heading, and the trend was similar to that in BTx642, a well-characterized post-flowering drought-tolerant cultivar. In contrast, BTx623 showed a gradual decline in photosynthetic rate. Thus, we inferred that Japanese Takakibi has the potential to show pre-flowering drought susceptibility and post-flowering drought tolerance, through which it adapts to local climates with high temperature and strong light at harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norikazu Ohnishi
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Fiona Wacera W
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Wataru Sakamoto
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
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Cupellini L, Bondanza M, Nottoli M, Mennucci B. Successes & challenges in the atomistic modeling of light-harvesting and its photoregulation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1861:148049. [PMID: 31386831 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Light-harvesting is a crucial step of photosynthesis. Its mechanisms and related energetics have been revealed by a combination of experimental investigations and theoretical modeling. The success of theoretical modeling is largely due to the application of atomistic descriptions combining quantum chemistry, classical models and molecular dynamics techniques. Besides the important achievements obtained so far, a complete and quantitative understanding of how the many different light-harvesting complexes exploit their structural specificity is still missing. Moreover, many questions remain unanswered regarding the mechanisms through which light-harvesting is regulated in response to variable light conditions. Here we show that, in both fields, a major role will be played once more by atomistic descriptions, possibly generalized to tackle the numerous time and space scales on which the regulation takes place: going from the ultrafast electronic excitation of the multichromophoric aggregate, through the subsequent conformational changes in the embedding protein, up to the interaction between proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cupellini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Mattia Bondanza
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Michele Nottoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mennucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, Pisa 56124, Italy.
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24
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Ogbaga CC, Athar HUR. The need to incorporate fast and slow relaxation kinetic parameters into photosynthesis-measuring systems. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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25
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Nikkanen L, Rintamäki E. Chloroplast thioredoxin systems dynamically regulate photosynthesis in plants. Biochem J 2019; 476:1159-1172. [PMID: 30988137 PMCID: PMC6463390 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is a highly regulated process in photoautotrophic cells. The main goal of the regulation is to keep the basic photosynthetic reactions, i.e. capturing light energy, conversion into chemical energy and production of carbohydrates, in balance. The rationale behind the evolution of strong regulation mechanisms is to keep photosynthesis functional under all conditions encountered by sessile plants during their lifetimes. The regulatory mechanisms may, however, also impair photosynthetic efficiency by overriding the photosynthetic reactions in controlled environments like crop fields or bioreactors, where light energy could be used for production of sugars instead of dissipation as heat and down-regulation of carbon fixation. The plant chloroplast has a high number of regulatory proteins called thioredoxins (TRX), which control the function of chloroplasts from biogenesis and assembly of chloroplast machinery to light and carbon fixation reactions as well as photoprotective mechanisms. Here, we review the current knowledge of regulation of photosynthesis by chloroplast TRXs and assess the prospect of improving plant photosynthetic efficiency by modification of chloroplast thioredoxin systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Nikkanen
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Eevi Rintamäki
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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Pradhan B, Chakraborty K, Prusty N, Mukherjee AK, Chattopadhyay K, Sarkar RK. Distinction and characterisation of rice genotypes tolerant to combined stresses of salinity and partial submergence, proved by a high-resolution chlorophyll fluorescence imaging system. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2019; 46:248-261. [PMID: 32172768 DOI: 10.1071/fp18157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) parameters measured with fluorescence imaging techniques were used to investigate the combined effect of salt and partial submergence stress to understand photosynthetic performance in rice (Oryza sativa L.). ChlF parameters such as maximal fluorescence (Fm), variable fluorescence (Fv=Fm -F0), the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and the quantum yield of nonregulated energy dissipation of PSII (Y(NO)) were able to distinguish genotypes precisely based on their sensitivity to stress. Upon analysis, we found the images of F0 were indistinguishable among the genotypes, irrespective of their tolerance to salt and partial submergence stress. On the contrary, the images of Fm and Fv/Fm showed marked differences between the tolerant and susceptible genotypes in terms of tissue greenness and the appearance of dark spots as stress symptoms. The images of effective PSII quantum yield, the coefficient of nonphotochemical quenching (qN) and the coefficient of photochemical quenching (qP) captured under different PAR were able to distinguish the tolerant and susceptible genotypes, and were also quite effective for differentiating the tolerant and moderately tolerant ones. Similarly, the values of electron transport rate, qN, qP and Y(NO) were also able to distinguish the genotypes based on their sensitivity to stress. Overall, this investigation indicates the suitability of chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technique for precise phenotyping of rice based on their sensitivity to the combined effect of salt and partial submergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhubaneswar Pradhan
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha 753 006, India
| | - Koushik Chakraborty
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha 753 006, India
| | - Nibedita Prusty
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha 753 006, India
| | - Arup Kumar Mukherjee
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha 753 006, India
| | - Krishnendu Chattopadhyay
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha 753 006, India
| | - Ramani Kumar Sarkar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha 753 006, India
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Liu Y, Wang T, Fang S, Zhou M, Qin J. Responses of Morphology, Gas Exchange, Photochemical Activity of Photosystem II, and Antioxidant Balance in Cyclocarya paliurus to Light Spectra. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1704. [PMID: 30519253 PMCID: PMC6258815 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Light quality is a critical factor regulating photosynthetic capacity which directly affects the final yield of plants. Cyclocarya paliurus is a multiple function tree species and its leaves are widely used as tea production and ingredient in functional foods in China. However, the effects of varying light quality on photosynthetic process and the photoprotective mechanisms remains unexplored in-depth. In this study, the biomass accumulation, morphology changes, photosynthetic capacity, stomata ultrastructure, pigments content, PSII activity, reactive oxygen species production, antioxidant enzymes, and phenolic content of C. paliurus plants under different light-emitting diodes (LED) light treatments were investigated to test a hypothesis that the difference in photosynthetic efficiency of C. paliurus plants under differential light quality is related to the degree of photoinhibition and the activation of photoprotection. We found that C. paliurus plants performed better under the treatments of WL (white light, 445 and 560 nm) and BL (blue light, 456 nm) than the treatment of GL (green light, 514 nm) and RL (red light, 653 nm). The better performances were characterized by higher values of photosynthetic capacity, total biomass, pigments content, specific leaf mass per area, seeding height increment, leaf thickness and palisade length. In contrast, plants under the treatments of GL and RL suffered significant photoinhibition but effectively developed photoprotective mechanisms. Results of this study provide not only some insights of the response mechanisms of plant photosynthesis to light quality but also a scientific basis for improving the cultivation of C. paliurus plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tongli Wang
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shengzuo Fang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingming Zhou
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Qin
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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Berne N, Fabryova T, Istaz B, Cardol P, Bailleul B. The peculiar NPQ regulation in the stramenopile Phaeomonas sp. challenges the xanthophyll cycle dogma. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:491-500. [PMID: 29625087 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In changing light conditions, photosynthetic organisms develop different strategies to maintain a fine balance between light harvesting, photochemistry, and photoprotection. One of the most widespread photoprotective mechanisms consists in the dissipation of excess light energy in the form of heat in the photosystem II antenna, which participates to the Non Photochemical Quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll fluorescence. It is tightly related to the reversible epoxidation of xanthophyll pigments, catalyzed by the two enzymes, the violaxanthin deepoxidase and the zeaxanthin epoxidase. In Phaeomonas sp. (Pinguiophyte, Stramenopiles), we show that the regulation of the heat dissipation process is different from that of the green lineage: the NPQ is strictly proportional to the amount of the xanthophyll pigment zeaxanthin and the xanthophyll cycle enzymes are differently regulated. The violaxanthin deepoxidase is already active in the dark, because of a low luminal pH, and the zeaxanthin epoxidase shows a maximal activity under moderate light conditions, being almost inactive in the dark and under high light. This light-dependency mirrors the one of NPQ: Phaeomonas sp. displays a large NPQ in the dark as well as under high light, which recovers under moderate light. Our results pinpoint zeaxanthin epoxidase activity as the prime regulator of NPQ in Phaeomonas sp. and therefore challenge the deepoxidase-regulated xanthophyll cycle dogma.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Berne
- Genetics and Physiology of microalgae, PhytoSYSTEMS/InBioS, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - T Fabryova
- Genetics and Physiology of microalgae, PhytoSYSTEMS/InBioS, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - B Istaz
- Genetics and Physiology of microalgae, PhytoSYSTEMS/InBioS, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - P Cardol
- Genetics and Physiology of microalgae, PhytoSYSTEMS/InBioS, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - B Bailleul
- Genetics and Physiology of microalgae, PhytoSYSTEMS/InBioS, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Steele DJ, Kimmance SA, Franklin DJ, Airs RL. Occurrence of chlorophyll allomers during virus-induced mortality and population decline in the ubiquitous picoeukaryoteOstreococcus tauri. Environ Microbiol 2017; 20:588-601. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J. Steele
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place; Plymouth UK
- Faculty of Science and Technology; Bournemouth University; Poole UK
| | | | | | - Ruth L. Airs
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place; Plymouth UK
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30
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Duanmu D, Rockwell NC, Lagarias JC. Algal light sensing and photoacclimation in aquatic environments. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:2558-2570. [PMID: 28245058 PMCID: PMC5705019 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Anoxygenic photosynthetic prokaryotes arose in ancient oceans ~3.5 billion years ago. The evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis by cyanobacteria followed soon after, enabling eukaryogenesis and the evolution of complex life. The Archaeplastida lineage dates back ~1.5 billion years to the domestication of a cyanobacterium. Eukaryotic algae have subsequently radiated throughout oceanic/freshwater/terrestrial environments, adopting distinctive morphological and developmental strategies for adaptation to diverse light environments. Descendants of the ancestral photosynthetic alga remain challenged by a typical diurnally fluctuating light supply ranging from ~0 to ~2000 μE m-2 s-1 . Such extreme changes in light intensity and variations in light quality have driven the evolution of novel photoreceptors, light-harvesting complexes and photoprotective mechanisms in photosynthetic eukaryotes. This minireview focuses on algal light sensors, highlighting the unexpected roles for linear tetrapyrroles (bilins) in the maintenance of functional chloroplasts in chlorophytes, sister species to streptophyte algae and land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Duanmu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Corresponding authors: Deqiang Duanmu, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. Tel:+86-27-87282101; Fax:+86-27-87282469; ; J. Clark Lagarias, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis CA 95616. Tel: 530-752-1865; Fax: 530-752-3085;
| | - Nathan C. Rockwell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis CA 95616
| | - J. Clark Lagarias
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis CA 95616
- Corresponding authors: Deqiang Duanmu, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. Tel:+86-27-87282101; Fax:+86-27-87282469; ; J. Clark Lagarias, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis CA 95616. Tel: 530-752-1865; Fax: 530-752-3085;
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31
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Sato R, Kono M, Harada K, Ohta H, Takaichi S, Masuda S. FLUCTUATING-LIGHT-ACCLIMATION PROTEIN1, Conserved in Oxygenic Phototrophs, Regulates H+ Homeostasis and Non-Photochemical Quenching in Chloroplasts. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:1622-1630. [PMID: 29016945 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants have mechanisms allowing them to acclimate to intense light conditions, which involves the dissipation of excess light energy. These mechanisms allow plants to perform photosynthesis efficiently and, therefore, must be accurately and precisely controlled. However, how plants dissipate excess light energy has yet to be fully elucidated. Herein we report the identification of a gene, which we named Fluctuating-Light-Acclimation Protein1 (FLAP1), that is conserved in oxygenic phototrophs. We show that Arabidopsis FLAP1 is associated with chloroplast thylakoid and envelope membranes and that the flap1 mutant shows delayed non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) relaxation during induction of photosynthesis at moderate light intensity. Under fluctuating light conditions, NPQ levels in the flap1 mutant were higher than those in the wild type during the high light period, and the mutant exhibited a pale-green phenotype. These findings suggest that FLAP1 is involved in NPQ control, which is important for an acclimation response to fluctuating light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Sato
- Graduate School of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Masaru Kono
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kyohei Harada
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohta
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | | | - Shinji Masuda
- Center for Biological Resources & Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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32
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Szechyńska-Hebda M, Lewandowska M, Karpiński S. Electrical Signaling, Photosynthesis and Systemic Acquired Acclimation. Front Physiol 2017; 8:684. [PMID: 28959209 PMCID: PMC5603676 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical signaling in higher plants is required for the appropriate intracellular and intercellular communication, stress responses, growth and development. In this review, we have focus on recent findings regarding the electrical signaling, as a major regulator of the systemic acquired acclimation (SAA) and the systemic acquired resistance (SAR). The electric signaling on its own cannot confer the required specificity of information to trigger SAA and SAR, therefore, we have also discussed a number of other mechanisms and signaling systems that can operate in combination with electric signaling. We have emphasized the interrelation between ionic mechanism of electrical activity and regulation of photosynthesis, which is intrinsic to a proper induction of SAA and SAR. In a special way, we have summarized the role of non-photochemical quenching and its regulator PsbS. Further, redox status of the cell, calcium and hydraulic waves, hormonal circuits and stomatal aperture regulation have been considered as components of the signaling. Finally, a model of light-dependent mechanisms of electrical signaling propagation has been presented together with the systemic regulation of light-responsive genes encoding both, ion channels and proteins involved in regulation of their activity. Due to space limitations, we have not addressed many other important aspects of hormonal and ROS signaling, which were presented in a number of recent excellent reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szechyńska-Hebda
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life SciencesWarsaw, Poland
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of SciencesKrakow, Poland
| | - Maria Lewandowska
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life SciencesWarsaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life SciencesWarsaw, Poland
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33
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Nath A, tiwari PK, Rai AK, Sundaram S. Microalgal consortia differentially modulate progressive adsorption of hexavalent chromium. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 23:269-280. [PMID: 28461716 PMCID: PMC5391349 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-017-0415-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A set of experiments was conducted to provide significant insights of micro-algal consortia regarding chromium adsorption. Four monocultures; Scenedesmus dimorphus, Chlorella sp., Oscillatoria sp., and Lyngbya sp., and their synthetic consortia were evaluated initially for chromium bio-adsorption at four different regimes of hexavalent chromium i.e. 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 ppm. Based on findings, only 1.0 and 5.0 ppm were considered for future experiments. Consequently, three different types of monoculture and consortia cells namely; live cells, heat-killed cells, and pre-treated cells were prepared to enhance their adsorption potential. Maximal adsorption of 112% was obtained at the dose of 1.0 ppm with 0.1% SDS pre-treated consortia cells over live consortia cells. In support, atomic absorption spectroscopy, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, pulse amplitude modulated chlorophyll fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy were performed to assess the structural and functional changes within consortia and their utilization in mitigation of elevated chromium levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Nath
- Centre of Biotechnology, Nehru Science Centre, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002 India
| | - Pravin Kumar tiwari
- Laser Spectroscopy Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Awadhesh Kumar Rai
- Laser Spectroscopy Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Shanthy Sundaram
- Centre of Biotechnology, Nehru Science Centre, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002 India
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34
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Ding F, Wang M, Liu B, Zhang S. Exogenous Melatonin Mitigates Photoinhibition by Accelerating Non-photochemical Quenching in Tomato Seedlings Exposed to Moderate Light during Chilling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:244. [PMID: 28265283 PMCID: PMC5316535 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin plays an important role in tolerance to multiple stresses in plants. Recent studies have shown that melatonin relieves photoinhibition in plants under cold stress; however, the mechanisms are not fully understood. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is a key process thermally dissipating excess light energy that plants employ as a protective mechanism to prevent the over reduction of photosystem II. Here, we report the effects of exogenous melatonin on NPQ and mitigation of photoinhibition in tomato seedlings exposed to moderate light during chilling. In response to moderate light during chilling, the maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and the effective photochemical efficiency (F'v/F'm) of PSII were both substantially reduced, showing severe photoinhibition in tomato seedlings, whereas exogenous application of melatonin effectively alleviated the photoinhibition. Further experiment showed that melatonin accelerated the induction of NPQ in response to moderate light and maintained higher level of NPQ upon longer exposure to light during chilling. Consistent with the increased NPQ was the elevated de-epoxidation state of xanthophyll pigments in melatonin-pretreated seedlings exposed to light during chilling. Enzyme activity assay showed that violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE), which catalyzes the de-epoxidation reaction in the xanthophyll cycle, was activated by light and the activity was further enhanced by application of melatonin. Further analysis revealed that melatonin induced the expression of VDE gene in tomato seedlings under moderate light and chilling conditions. Ascorbic acid is an essential cofactor of VDE and the level of it was found to be increased in melatonin-pretreated seedlings. Feeding tomato seedlings with dithiothreitol, an inhibitor of VDE, blocked the effects of melatonin on the de-epoxidation state of xanthophyll pigments and the induction of NPQ. Collectively, these results suggest that exogenous melatonin mitigates photoinhibition by accelerating NPQ through the stimulation of VDE activity and the enhancement of de-epoxidation state of xanthophyll pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ding
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Meiling Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Shuoxin Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- *Correspondence: Shuoxin Zhang,
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35
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Jia Y, Shi Y, Wang P, Zhang JP. Triplet excitation dynamics of β -carotene studied in three solvents by ns flash photolysis spectroscopy. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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36
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Dumas L, Chazaux M, Peltier G, Johnson X, Alric J. Cytochrome b 6 f function and localization, phosphorylation state of thylakoid membrane proteins and consequences on cyclic electron flow. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 129:307-320. [PMID: 27534565 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0298-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Both the structure and the protein composition of thylakoid membranes have an impact on light harvesting and electron transfer in the photosynthetic chain. Thylakoid membranes form stacks and lamellae where photosystem II and photosystem I localize, respectively. Light-harvesting complexes II can be associated to either PSII or PSI depending on the redox state of the plastoquinone pool, and their distribution is governed by state transitions. Upon state transitions, the thylakoid ultrastructure and lateral distribution of proteins along the membrane are subject to significant rearrangements. In addition, quinone diffusion is limited to membrane microdomains and the cytochrome b 6 f complex localizes either to PSII-containing grana stacks or PSI-containing stroma lamellae. Here, we discuss possible similarities or differences between green algae and C3 plants on the functional consequences of such heterogeneities in the photosynthetic electron transport chain and propose a model in which quinones, accepting electrons either from PSII (linear flow) or NDH/PGR pathways (cyclic flow), represent a crucial control point. Our aim is to give an integrated description of these processes and discuss their potential roles in the balance between linear and cyclic electron flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Dumas
- Laboratory of Microalgal and Bacterial Bioenergetics and Biotechnology, CEA Cadarache, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR7161 BIAM - LB3M, 13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Marie Chazaux
- Laboratory of Microalgal and Bacterial Bioenergetics and Biotechnology, CEA Cadarache, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR7161 BIAM - LB3M, 13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Gilles Peltier
- Laboratory of Microalgal and Bacterial Bioenergetics and Biotechnology, CEA Cadarache, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR7161 BIAM - LB3M, 13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Xenie Johnson
- Laboratory of Microalgal and Bacterial Bioenergetics and Biotechnology, CEA Cadarache, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR7161 BIAM - LB3M, 13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Jean Alric
- Laboratory of Microalgal and Bacterial Bioenergetics and Biotechnology, CEA Cadarache, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR7161 BIAM - LB3M, 13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France.
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37
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Santabarbara S, Zubik M, Remelli W, Zucchelli G, Gruszecki WI. Two wavelength-dependent mechanisms of sensitisation of light-induced quenching in the isolated light-harvesting complex II. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:2549-57. [PMID: 27364980 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The efficiency of visible light in inducing fluorescence quenching in the isolated light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) of higher plants is investigated by action spectroscopy in the visible portion of photosynthetic active radiation. The efficiency spectrum displays a relatively homogenous quenching yield across the most intense electronic transitions of the chlorophyll a and carotenoid pigments, indicating that quenching proceeds from the equilibrated state of the complex. Larger yields are observed in the 510-640-nm window, where weak transitions of LHCII-bound chromophores occur. This observation is interpreted in terms of an additional quenching sensitisation process mediated by these electronic transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Zubik
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - William Remelli
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zucchelli
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Wieslaw I Gruszecki
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
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38
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Yamori W. Photosynthetic response to fluctuating environments and photoprotective strategies under abiotic stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2016; 129:379-95. [PMID: 27023791 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-016-0816-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants in natural environments must cope with diverse, highly dynamic, and unpredictable conditions. They have mechanisms to enhance the capture of light energy when light intensity is low, but they can also slow down photosynthetic electron transport to prevent the production of reactive oxygen species and consequent damage to the photosynthetic machinery under excess light. Plants need a highly responsive regulatory system to balance the photosynthetic light reactions with downstream metabolism. Various mechanisms of regulation of photosynthetic electron transport under stress have been proposed, however the data have been obtained mainly under environmentally stable and controlled conditions. Thus, our understanding of dynamic modulation of photosynthesis under dramatically fluctuating natural environments remains limited. In this review, first I describe the magnitude of environmental fluctuations under natural conditions. Next, I examine the effects of fluctuations in light intensity, CO2 concentration, leaf temperature, and relative humidity on dynamic photosynthesis. Finally, I summarize photoprotective strategies that allow plants to maintain the photosynthesis under stressful fluctuating environments. The present work clearly showed that fluctuation in various environmental factors resulted in reductions in photosynthetic rate in a stepwise manner at every environmental fluctuation, leading to the conclusion that fluctuating environments would have a large impact on photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Yamori
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7‑3‑1 Hongo, Bunkyo‑ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
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39
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Possible role of interference, protein noise, and sink effects in nonphotochemical quenching in photosynthetic complexes. J Math Biol 2016; 74:43-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00285-016-1016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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40
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Grouneva I, Muth-Pawlak D, Battchikova N, Aro EM. Changes in Relative Thylakoid Protein Abundance Induced by Fluctuating Light in the Diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:1649-58. [PMID: 27025989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of marine diatom biology is their ability to cope with rapid changes in light availability due to mixing of the water column and the lens effect. We investigated how irradiance fluctuations influence the relative abundance of key photosynthetic proteins in the centric diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana by means of mass-spectrometry-based approaches for relative protein quantitation. Most notably, fluctuating-light conditions lead to a substantial overall up-regulation of light-harvesting complex proteins as well as several subunits of photosystems II and I. Despite an initial delay in growth under FL, there were no indications of FL-induced photosynthesis limitation, in contrast to other photosynthetic organisms. Our findings further strengthen the notion that diatoms use a qualitatively different mechanism of photosynthetic regulation in which chloroplast-mitochondria interaction has overtaken crucial regulatory processes of photosynthetic light reactions that are typical for the survival of land plants, green algae, and cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Grouneva
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku , Turku, FI-20520, Finland
| | - Dorota Muth-Pawlak
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku , Turku, FI-20520, Finland
| | - Natalia Battchikova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku , Turku, FI-20520, Finland
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku , Turku, FI-20520, Finland
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41
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Dobrev K, Stanoeva D, Velitchkova M, Popova AV. The Lack of Lutein Accelerates the Extent of Light-induced Bleaching of Photosynthetic Pigments in Thylakoid Membranes of Arabidopsis thaliana. Photochem Photobiol 2016; 92:436-45. [PMID: 26888623 DOI: 10.1111/php.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The high light-induced bleaching of photosynthetic pigments and the degradation of proteins of light-harvesting complexes of PSI and PSII were investigated in isolated thylakoid membranes of Arabidopsis thaliana, wt and lutein-deficient mutant lut2, with the aim of unraveling the role of lutein for the degree of bleaching and degradation. By the means of absorption spectroscopy and western blot analysis, we show that the lack of lutein leads to a higher extent of pigment photobleaching and protein degradation in mutant thylakoid membranes in comparison with wt. The highest extent of bleaching is suffered by chlorophyll a and carotenoids, while chlorophyll b is bleached in lut2 thylakoids during long periods at high illumination. The high light-induced degradation of Lhca1, Lhcb2 proteins and PsbS was followed and it is shown that Lhca1 is more damaged than Lhcb2. The degradation of analyzed proteins is more pronounced in lut2 mutant thylakoid membranes. The lack of lutein influences the high light-induced alterations in organization of pigment-protein complexes as revealed by 77 K fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Dobrev
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Bl. 21, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Daniela Stanoeva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Bl. 21, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Maya Velitchkova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Bl. 21, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Antoaneta V Popova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Bl. 21, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
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Flores-Bavestrello A, Król M, Ivanov AG, Hüner NPA, García-Plazaola JI, Corcuera LJ, Bravo LA. Two Hymenophyllaceae species from contrasting natural environments exhibit a homoiochlorophyllous strategy in response to desiccation stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 191:82-94. [PMID: 26720213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Hymenophyllaceae is a desiccation tolerant family of Pteridophytes which are poikilohydric epiphytes. Their fronds are composed by a single layer of cells and lack true mesophyll cells and stomata. Although they are associated with humid and shady environments, their vertical distribution varies along the trunk of the host plant with some species inhabiting the drier sides with a higher irradiance. The aim of this work was to compare the structure and function of the photosynthetic apparatus during desiccation and rehydration in two species, Hymenophyllum dentatum and Hymenoglossum cruentum, isolated from a contrasting vertical distribution along the trunk of their hosts. Both species were subjected to desiccation and rehydration kinetics to analyze frond phenotypic plasticity, as well as the structure, composition and function of the photosynthetic apparatus. Minimal differences in photosynthetic pigments were observed upon dehydration. Measurements of ϕPSII (effective quantum yield of PSII), ϕNPQ (quantum yield of the regulated energy dissipation of PSII), ϕNO (quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation of PSII), and TL (thermoluminescence) indicate that both species convert a functional photochemical apparatus into a structure which exhibits maximum quenching capacity in the dehydrated state with minimal changes in photosynthetic pigments and polypeptide compositions. This dehydration-induced conversion in the photosynthetic apparatus is completely reversible upon rehydration. We conclude that H. dentatum and H. cruentum are homoiochlorophyllous with respect to desiccation stress and exhibited no correlation between inherent desiccation tolerance and the vertical distribution along the host tree trunk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marianna Król
- Department of Biology and The Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Alexander G Ivanov
- Department of Biology and The Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Norman P A Hüner
- Department of Biology and The Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - José Ignacio García-Plazaola
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Aptdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Luis J Corcuera
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile.
| | - León A Bravo
- Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile; Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile.
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43
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Chen Z, Gallie DR. Ethylene Regulates Energy-Dependent Non-Photochemical Quenching in Arabidopsis through Repression of the Xanthophyll Cycle. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144209. [PMID: 26630486 PMCID: PMC4667945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy-dependent (qE) non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) thermally dissipates excess absorbed light energy as a protective mechanism to prevent the over reduction of photosystem II and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The xanthophyll cycle, induced when the level of absorbed light energy exceeds the capacity of photochemistry, contributes to qE. In this work, we show that ethylene regulates the xanthophyll cycle in Arabidopsis. Analysis of eto1-1, exhibiting increased ethylene production, and ctr1-3, exhibiting constitutive ethylene response, revealed defects in NPQ resulting from impaired de-epoxidation of violaxanthin by violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE) encoded by NPQ1. Elevated ethylene signaling reduced the level of active VDE through decreased NPQ1 promoter activity and impaired VDE activation resulting from a lower transthylakoid membrane pH gradient. Increasing the concentration of CO2 partially corrected the ethylene-mediated defects in NPQ and photosynthesis, indicating that changes in ethylene signaling affect stromal CO2 solubility. Increasing VDE expression in eto1-1 and ctr1-3 restored light-activated de-epoxidation and qE, reduced superoxide production and reduced photoinhibition. Restoring VDE activity significantly reversed the small growth phenotype of eto1-1 and ctr1-3 without altering ethylene production or ethylene responses. Our results demonstrate that ethylene increases ROS production and photosensitivity in response to high light and the associated reduced plant stature is partially reversed by increasing VDE activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel R. Gallie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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44
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Ruban AV, Johnson MP. Visualizing the dynamic structure of the plant photosynthetic membrane. NATURE PLANTS 2015; 1:15161. [PMID: 27251532 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2015.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast thylakoid membrane is the site for the initial steps of photosynthesis that convert solar energy into chemical energy, ultimately powering almost all life on earth. The heterogeneous distribution of protein complexes within the membrane gives rise to an intricate three-dimensional structure that is nonetheless extremely dynamic on a timescale of seconds to minutes. These dynamics form the basis for the regulation of photosynthesis, and therefore the adaptability of plants to different environments. High-resolution microscopy has in recent years begun to provide new insights into the structural dynamics underlying a number of regulatory processes such as membrane stacking, photosystem II repair, photoprotective energy dissipation, state transitions and alternative electron transfer. Here we provide an overview of the essentials of thylakoid membrane structure in plants, and consider how recent advances, using a range of microscopies, have substantially increased our knowledge of the thylakoid dynamic structure. We discuss both the successes and limitations of the currently available techniques and highlight newly emerging microscopic methods that promise to move the field beyond the current 'static' view of membrane organization based on frozen snapshots to a 'live' view of functional membranes imaged under native aqueous conditions at ambient temperature and responding dynamically to external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Ruban
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Matthew P Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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45
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Liu X, Chen HC, Kong X, Zhang Y, Tu L, Chang Y, Wu F, Wang T, Reek JNH, Brouwer AM, Zhang H. Near infrared light-driven water oxidation in a molecule-based artificial photosynthetic device using an upconversion nano-photosensitizer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:13008-11. [PMID: 26178618 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05102a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We provide the first demonstration of a near infrared light driven water oxidation reaction in a molecule-based artificial photosynthetic device using an upconversion nano-photosensitizer. One very attractive advantage of this system is that using NIR light irradiation does not cause significant photodamage, a serious problem in molecular based artificial photosynthesis under visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, P. R. China.
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Li L, Hu F, Chang YQ, Zhou Y, Wang P, Zhang JP. Triplet excitation dynamics of two keto-carotenoids in n-hexane and in methanol as studied by ns flash photolysis spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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47
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Janka E, Körner O, Rosenqvist E, Ottosen CO. Using the quantum yields of photosystem II and the rate of net photosynthesis to monitor high irradiance and temperature stress in chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 90:14-22. [PMID: 25749731 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Under a dynamic greenhouse climate control regime, temperature is adjusted to optimise plant physiological responses to prevailing irradiance levels; thus, both temperature and irradiance are used by the plant to maximise the rate of photosynthesis, assuming other factors are not limiting. The control regime may be optimised by monitoring plant responses, and may be promptly adjusted when plant performance is affected by extreme microclimatic conditions, such as high irradiance or temperature. To determine the stress indicators of plants based on their physiological responses, net photosynthesis (Pn) and four chlorophyll-a fluorescence parameters: maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII [Fv/Fm], electron transport rate [ETR], PSII operating efficiency [F'q/F'm], and non-photochemical quenching [NPQ] were assessed for potted chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) 'Coral Charm' under different temperature (20, 24, 28, 32, 36 °C) and daily light integrals (DLI; 11, 20, 31, and 43 mol m(-2) created by a PAR of 171, 311, 485 and 667 μmol m(-2) s(-1) for 16 h). High irradiance (667 μmol m(-2) s(-1)) combined with high temperature (>32 °C) significantly (p < 0.05) decreased Fv/Fm. Under high irradiance, the maximum Pn and ETR were reached at 24 °C. Increased irradiance decreased the PSII operating efficiency and increased NPQ, while both high irradiance and temperature had a significant effect on the PSII operating efficiency at temperatures >28 °C. Under high irradiance and temperature, changes in the NPQ determined the PSII operating efficiency, with no major change in the fraction of open PSII centres (qL) (indicating a QA redox state). We conclude that 1) chrysanthemum plants cope with excess irradiance by non-radiative dissipation or a reversible stress response, with the effect on the Pn and quantum yield of PSII remaining low until the temperature reaches 28 °C and 2) the integration of online measurements to monitor photosynthesis and PSII operating efficiency may be used to optimise dynamic greenhouse control regimes by detecting plant stress caused by extreme microclimatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshetu Janka
- Department of Energy and Enviornmental Technology, Telemark University College, Kjølnes ring 56, 3918 Porsgrunn, Norway.
| | - Oliver Körner
- AgroTech A/S, Institute for Agri Technology and Food Innovation, Højbakkegård Allé 21, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Eva Rosenqvist
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen University, Højbakkegård Allé 9, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Carl-Otto Ottosen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Kirstinebjergvej 10, DK- 5792 Årslev, Denmark
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Holleboom CP, Gacek DA, Liao PN, Negretti M, Croce R, Walla PJ. Carotenoid-chlorophyll coupling and fluorescence quenching in aggregated minor PSII proteins CP24 and CP29. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 124:171-180. [PMID: 25744389 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
It is known that aggregation of isolated light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) in solution results in high fluorescence quenching, reduced chlorophyll fluorescence lifetime, and increased electronic coupling of carotenoid (Car) S1 and chlorophyll (Chl) Qy states, as determined by two-photon studies. It has been suggested that this behavior of aggregated LHCII mimics aspects of non-photochemical quenching processes of higher plants and algae. However, several studies proposed that the minor photosystem II proteins CP24 and CP29 also play a significant role in regulation of photosynthesis. Therefore, we use a simple protocol that allows gradual aggregation also of CP24 and CP29. Similarly, as observed for LHCII, aggregation of CP24 and CP29 also leads to increasing fluorescence quenching and increasing electronic Car S1-Chl Qy coupling. Furthermore, a direct comparison of the three proteins revealed a significant higher electronic coupling in the two minor proteins already in the absence of any aggregation. These differences become even more prominent upon aggregation. A red-shift of the Qy absorption band known from LHCII aggregation was also observed for CP29 but not for CP24. We discuss possible implications of these results for the role of CP24 and CP29 as potential valves for excess excitation energy in the regulation of photosynthetic light harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph-Peter Holleboom
- Department for Biophysical Chemistry, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Str. 10, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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Caffarri S, Tibiletti T, Jennings RC, Santabarbara S. A comparison between plant photosystem I and photosystem II architecture and functioning. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2015; 15:296-331. [PMID: 24678674 PMCID: PMC4030627 DOI: 10.2174/1389203715666140327102218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis is indispensable both for the development and maintenance of life on earth by converting
light energy into chemical energy and by producing molecular oxygen and consuming carbon dioxide. This latter
process has been responsible for reducing the CO2 from its very high levels in the primitive atmosphere to the present low
levels and thus reducing global temperatures to levels conducive to the development of life. Photosystem I and photosystem
II are the two multi-protein complexes that contain the pigments necessary to harvest photons and use light energy to
catalyse the primary photosynthetic endergonic reactions producing high energy compounds. Both photosystems are
highly organised membrane supercomplexes composed of a core complex, containing the reaction centre where electron
transport is initiated, and of a peripheral antenna system, which is important for light harvesting and photosynthetic activity
regulation. If on the one hand both the chemical reactions catalysed by the two photosystems and their detailed structure
are different, on the other hand they share many similarities. In this review we discuss and compare various aspects of
the organisation, functioning and regulation of plant photosystems by comparing them for similarities and differences as
obtained by structural, biochemical and spectroscopic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stefano Santabarbara
- Laboratoire de Génétique et de Biophysique des Plantes (LGBP), Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13009, Marseille, France.
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50
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Plant immunophilins: a review of their structure-function relationship. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1850:2145-58. [PMID: 25529299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Originally discovered as receptors for immunosuppressive drugs, immunophilins consist of two major groups, FK506 binding proteins (FKBPs) and cyclosporin A binding proteins (cyclophilins, CYPs). Many members in both FKBP and CYP families are peptidyl prolyl isomerases that are involved in protein folding processes, though they share little sequence homology. It is not surprising to find immunophilins in all organisms examined so far, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, plants and animals, as protein folding represents a common process in all living systems. SCOPE OF REVIEW Studies on plant immunophilins have revealed new functions beyond protein folding and new structural properties beyond that of typical PPIases. This review focuses on the structural and functional diversity of plant FKBPs and CYPs. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The differences in sequence, structure as well as subcellular localization, have added on to the diversity of this family of molecular chaperones. In particular, the large number of immunophilins present in the thylakoid lumen of the photosynthetic organelle, promises to deliver insights into the regulation of photosynthesis, a unique feature of plant systems. However, very little structural information and functional data are available for plant immunophilins. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Studies on the structure and function of plant immunophilins are important in understanding their role in plant biology. By reviewing the structural and functional properties of some immunophilins that represent the emerging area of research in plant biology, we hope to increase the interest of researchers in pursuing further research in this area. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Proline-directed Foldases: Cell Signaling Catalysts and Drug Targets.
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