1
|
Delgado MZ, Aranda FL, Hernandez-Tenorio F, Garrido-Miranda KA, Meléndrez MF, Palacio DA. Polyelectrolytes for Environmental, Agricultural, and Medical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1434. [PMID: 38794627 PMCID: PMC11124962 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, polyelectrolytes (PELs) have attracted significant interest owing to a surge in research dedicated to the development of new technologies and applications at the biological level. Polyelectrolytes are macromolecules of which a substantial portion of the constituent units contains ionizable or ionic groups. These macromolecules demonstrate varied behaviors across different pH ranges, ionic strengths, and concentrations, making them fascinating subjects within the scientific community. The aim of this review is to present a comprehensive survey of the progress in the application studies of polyelectrolytes and their derivatives in various fields that are vital for the advancement, conservation, and technological progress of the planet, including agriculture, environmental science, and medicine. Through this bibliographic review, we seek to highlight the significance of these materials and their extensive range of applications in modern times.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zuñiga Delgado
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4070409, Chile (F.L.A.)
| | - Francisca L. Aranda
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4070409, Chile (F.L.A.)
- Department of Materials Engineering (DIMAT), Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepcion, 270 Edmundo Larenas, Box 160-C, Concepcion 4070409, Chile
| | - Fabian Hernandez-Tenorio
- Environmental Processes Research Group, School of Applied Sciences and Engineering, Universidad EAFIT, Medellin 050022, Colombia;
| | - Karla A. Garrido-Miranda
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
| | - Manuel F. Meléndrez
- Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Campus Las Tres Pascuales, Lientur 1457, Concepción 4060000, Chile
| | - Daniel A. Palacio
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4070409, Chile (F.L.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Le Pennec J, Picart C, Vivès RR, Migliorini E. Sweet but Challenging: Tackling the Complexity of GAGs with Engineered Tailor-Made Biomaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312154. [PMID: 38011916 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) play a crucial role in tissue homeostasis by regulating the activity and diffusion of bioactive molecules. Incorporating GAGs into biomaterials has emerged as a widely adopted strategy in medical applications, owing to their biocompatibility and ability to control the release of bioactive molecules. Nevertheless, immobilized GAGs on biomaterials can elicit distinct cellular responses compared to their soluble forms, underscoring the need to understand the interactions between GAG and bioactive molecules within engineered functional biomaterials. By controlling critical parameters such as GAG type, density, and sulfation, it becomes possible to precisely delineate GAG functions within a biomaterial context and to better mimic specific tissue properties, enabling tailored design of GAG-based biomaterials for specific medical applications. However, this requires access to pure and well-characterized GAG compounds, which remains challenging. This review focuses on different strategies for producing well-defined GAGs and explores high-throughput approaches employed to investigate GAG-growth factor interactions and to quantify cellular responses on GAG-based biomaterials. These automated methods hold considerable promise for improving the understanding of the diverse functions of GAGs. In perspective, the scientific community is encouraged to adopt a rational approach in designing GAG-based biomaterials, taking into account the in vivo properties of the targeted tissue for medical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Le Pennec
- U1292 Biosanté, INSERM, CEA, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS EMR 5000 Biomimetism and Regenerative Medicine, Grenoble, F-38054, France
| | - Catherine Picart
- U1292 Biosanté, INSERM, CEA, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS EMR 5000 Biomimetism and Regenerative Medicine, Grenoble, F-38054, France
| | | | - Elisa Migliorini
- U1292 Biosanté, INSERM, CEA, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS EMR 5000 Biomimetism and Regenerative Medicine, Grenoble, F-38054, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Udriște AS, Burdușel AC, Niculescu AG, Rădulescu M, Grumezescu AM. Coatings for Cardiovascular Stents-An Up-to-Date Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1078. [PMID: 38256151 PMCID: PMC10817058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) increasingly burden health systems and patients worldwide, necessitating the improved awareness of current treatment possibilities and the development of more efficient therapeutic strategies. When plaque deposits narrow the arteries, the standard of care implies the insertion of a stent at the lesion site. The most promising development in cardiovascular stents has been the release of medications from these stents. However, the use of drug-eluting stents (DESs) is still challenged by in-stent restenosis occurrence. DESs' long-term clinical success depends on several parameters, including the degradability of the polymers, drug release profiles, stent platforms, coating polymers, and the metals and their alloys that are employed as metal frames in the stents. Thus, it is critical to investigate new approaches to optimize the most suitable DESs to solve problems with the inflammatory response, delayed endothelialization, and sub-acute stent thrombosis. As certain advancements have been reported in the literature, this review aims to present the latest updates in the coatings field for cardiovascular stents. Specifically, there are described various organic (e.g., synthetic and natural polymer-based coatings, stents coated directly with drugs, and coatings containing endothelial cells) and inorganic (e.g., metallic and nonmetallic materials) stent coating options, aiming to create an updated framework that would serve as an inception point for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Scafa Udriște
- Department 4 Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Alexandra Cristina Burdușel
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.C.B.); (A.-G.N.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.C.B.); (A.-G.N.); (A.M.G.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marius Rădulescu
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu St., 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.C.B.); (A.-G.N.); (A.M.G.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wan H, Li Y, Qin Y, An Y, Yan H, Liu X, Zhang H, Hu C, Li L, Fu D, Yang Y, Dai Y, Luo R, Yang L, Zhang B, Wang Y. Polyphenol-mediated sandwich-like coating promotes endothelialization and vascular healing. Biomaterials 2023; 302:122346. [PMID: 37832504 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Drug-eluting stents have become one of the most effective methods to treat cardiovascular diseases. However, this therapeutic strategy may lead to thrombosis, stent restenosis, and intimal hyperplasia and prevent re-endothelialization. In this study, we selected 3-aminophenylboronic acid-modified hyaluronic acid and carboxylate chitosan as polyelectrolyte layers and embedded an epigallocatechin-3-gallate-tanshinone IIA sulfonic sodium (EGCG-TSS) complex to develop a sandwich-like layer-by-layer coating. The introduction of a functional molecular EGCG-TSS complex improved not only the biocompatibility of the coating but also its stability by enriching the interaction between the polyelectrolyte coatings through electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, and covalent bonding. We further elucidated the effectiveness of sandwich-like coatings in regulating the inflammatory response, smooth muscle cell growth behavior, stent thrombosis and restenosis suppression, and vessel re-endothelialization acceleration via in vivo and in vitro. Conclusively, we demonstrated that sandwich-like coating assisted by an EGCG-TSS complex may be an effective surface modification strategy for cardiovascular therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huining Wan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Yumei Qin
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Yongqi An
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Hui Yan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Xiyu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Linhua Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Daihua Fu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Sichuan Xingtai Pule Medical Technology Co Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610045, China
| | - Yan Dai
- Sichuan Xingtai Pule Medical Technology Co Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610045, China
| | - Rifang Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Li Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China.
| | - Yunbing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Akintola J, Chen Y, Digby ZA, Schlenoff JB. Antifouling Coatings from Glassy Polyelectrolyte Complex Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:50058-50068. [PMID: 37871187 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Coatings that prevent or decrease fouling are sought for many applications, including those that inhibit the attachment of organisms in aquatic environments. To date, antifouling coatings have mostly followed design criteria assembled over decades: surfaces should be well/strongly hydrated, possess low net charge, and maintain a hydrophilic character when exposed to the location of use. Thus, polymers based on ethylene glycol or zwitterionic repeat units have been shown to be highly effective. Unfortunately, hydrated materials can be quite soft, limiting their use in some environments. In a major paradigm shift, this work describes glassy antifouling films made from certain complexes of positive and negative polyelectrolytes. The dense network of electrostatic interactions yields tough materials below the glass transition temperature, Tg, in normal use, while the highly ionic character of these polyelectrolyte complexes ensures strong hydration. The proximity of equal numbers of opposite charges within these complexes mimics zwitterionic structures. Films, assembled layer-by-layer from aqueous solutions, contained sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone), SPEEK, a rigid polyelectrolyte that binds strongly to a selection of quaternary ammonium polycations. Layer-by-layer buildup of SPEEK and polycations was linear, indicating strong complexes between polyelectrolytes. Calorimetry also showed that complex formation was exothermic. Surfaces coated with these films in the 100 nm thickness range completely resisted adhesion of the common flagellate green algae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which were removed from surfaces at a minimum applied flow rate of 0.8 cm s-1. The total surface charge density of adsorbed cations, determined with a sensitive radioisotopic label, was very low, around 10% of a monolayer, which minimized adsorption driven by counterion release from the surface. The viscoelastic properties of the complexes, which were stable even in concentrated salt solutions, were explored using rheology of bulk samples. When fully hydrated, their Tg values were observed to be above 75 °C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Akintola
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32308-4390 , United States
| | - Yuhui Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32308-4390 , United States
| | - Zachary A Digby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32308-4390 , United States
| | - Joseph B Schlenoff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32308-4390 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Raikar AS, Priya S, Bhilegaonkar SP, Somnache SN, Kalaskar DM. Surface Engineering of Bioactive Coatings for Improved Stent Hemocompatibility: A Comprehensive Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6940. [PMID: 37959540 PMCID: PMC10650382 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases continue to be a major contributor to illness and death on a global scale, and the implementation of stents has given rise to a revolutionary transformation in the field of interventional cardiology. The thrombotic and restenosis complications associated with stent implantation pose ongoing challenges. In recent years, bioactive coatings have emerged as a promising strategy to enhance stent hemocompatibility and reduce thrombogenicity. This review article provides an overview of the surface engineering techniques employed to improve the hemocompatibility of stents and reduce thrombus formation. It explores the mechanisms underlying thrombosis and discusses the factors influencing platelet activation and fibrin formation on stent surfaces. Various bioactive coatings, including anticoagulant agents, antiplatelet agents, and surface modifications, are discussed in detail, highlighting their potential in reducing thrombogenicity. This article also highlights a multitude of surface modification techniques which can be harnessed to enhance stent hemocompatibility including plasma treatment, physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and electrodeposition. These techniques offer precise control over surface properties such as roughness, charge, and composition. The ultimate goal is to reduce platelet adhesion, tailor wettability, or facilitate the controlled release of bioactive agents. Evaluation methods for assessing hemocompatibility and thrombogenicity are also reviewed, ranging from in vitro assays to animal models. Recent advances in the field, such as nanotechnology-based coatings and bioactive coatings with controlled drug release systems, are highlighted. Surface engineering of bioactive coatings holds great promise for enhancing the long-term outcomes of stent implantation by enhancing hemocompatibility and reducing thrombogenicity. Future research directions and potential clinical applications are discussed, underscoring the need for continued advancements in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amisha S. Raikar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, PES Rajaram and Tarabai Bandekar College of Pharmacy, Ponda 403401, India;
| | - Sushma Priya
- University College of London, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell (RMS) Labs, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad 502285, India
| | - Shilpa P. Bhilegaonkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, PES Rajaram and Tarabai Bandekar College of Pharmacy, Ponda 403401, India;
| | - Sandesh N. Somnache
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SSPM’s VP College of Pharmacy, Madkhol 416510, India;
| | - Deepak M. Kalaskar
- University College of London, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Takahara A, Richtering W, Walker GC. Preface to the Françoise M. Winnik Special Issue. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:5031-5032. [PMID: 35502539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
|
8
|
Li L, Liu S, Tan J, Wei L, Wu D, Gao S, Weng Y, Chen J. Recent advance in treatment of atherosclerosis: Key targets and plaque-positioned delivery strategies. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221088509. [PMID: 35356091 PMCID: PMC8958685 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221088509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of vascular wall, is a progressive pathophysiological process with lipids oxidation/depositing initiation and innate/adaptive immune responses. The coordination of multi systems covering oxidative stress, dysfunctional endothelium, diseased lipid uptake, cell apoptosis, thrombotic and pro-inflammatory responding as well as switched SMCs contributes to plaque growth. In this circumstance, inevitably, targeting these processes is considered to be effective for treating atherosclerosis. Arriving, retention and working of payload candidates mediated by targets in lesion direct ultimate therapeutic outcomes. Accumulating a series of scientific studies and clinical practice in the past decades, lesion homing delivery strategies including stent/balloon/nanoparticle-based transportation worked as the potent promotor to ensure a therapeutic effect. The objective of this review is to achieve a very brief summary about the effective therapeutic methods cooperating specifical targets and positioning-delivery strategies in atherosclerosis for better outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Sainan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jianying Tan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Lai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Dimeng Wu
- Chengdu Daxan Innovative Medical Tech. Co., Ltd., Chengdu, PR China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Chengdu Daxan Innovative Medical Tech. Co., Ltd., Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yajun Weng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Junying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu T, Yin Y, Yang Y, Russell TP, Shi S. Layer-by-Layer Engineered All-Liquid Microfluidic Chips for Enzyme Immobilization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2105386. [PMID: 34796557 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization in the confines of microfluidic chips, that promote enzyme activity and stability, has become a powerful strategy to enhance biocatalysis and biomass conversion. Here, based on a newly developed all-liquid microfluidic chip, fabricated by the interfacial assembly of nanoparticle surfactants (NPSs) in a biphasic system, a layer-by-layer assembly strategy to generate polysaccharide multilayers on the surface of a microchannel, greatly enhancing the mechanical properties of the microchannel and offering a biocompatible microenvironment for enzyme immobilization, is presented. Using horseradish peroxidase and glucose oxidase as model enzymes, all-liquid microfluidic enzymatic and cascade reactors have been constructed and the crucial role of polysaccharide multilayers on enhancing the enzyme loading and catalytic efficiency is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tan Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yixuan Yin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Shaowei Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fu JY, Lai YX, Zheng SS, Wang J, Wang Y, Ren K, Yu L, Fu G, Ji J. Mir-22-incorporated polyelectrolyte coating prevents intima hyperplasia after balloon-induced vascular injury. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:3612-3623. [DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00536k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Drug-coated balloons (DCB) offer potential to deliver drugs to treat coronary lesions but without leaving permanent implants behind. Paclitaxel and sirolimus are anti-proliferation drugs that are commonly used by commercially...
Collapse
|
11
|
Chitosan coatings with distinct innate immune bioactivities differentially stimulate angiogenesis, osteogenesis and chondrogenesis in poly-caprolactone scaffolds with controlled interconnecting pore size. Bioact Mater 2021; 10:430-442. [PMID: 34901558 PMCID: PMC8636821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study tested whether osseous integration into poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) bioplastic scaffolds with fully-interconnecting 155 ± 8 μm pores is enhanced by an adhesive, non-inflammatory 99% degree of deacetylation (DDA) chitosan coating (99-PCL), or further incorporation of pro-inflammatory 83% DDA chitosan microparticles (83-99-PCL) to accelerate angiogenesis. New Zealand White rabbit osteochondral knee defects were press-fit with PCL, 99-PCL, 83-99-PCL, or allowed to bleed (drill-only). Between day 1 and 6 weeks of repair, drill-only defects repaired by endochondral ossification, with an 8-fold higher bone volume fraction (BVF) versus initial defects, compared to a 2-fold (99-PCL), 1.1-fold (PCL), or 0.4-fold (83-99-PCL) change in BVF. Hematoma innate immune cells swarmed to 83-99-PCL, elicited angiogenesis throughout the pores and induced slight bone resorption. PCL and 99-PCL pores were variably filled with cartilage or avascular mesenchyme near the bone plate, or angiogenic mesenchyme into which repairing trabecular bone infiltrated up to 1 mm deep. More repair cartilage covered the 99-PCL scaffold (65%) than PCL (18%) or 83-99-PCL (0%) (p < 0.005). We report the novel finding that non-inflammatory chitosan coatings promoted cartilage infiltration into and over a bioplastic scaffold, and were compatible with trabecular bone integration. This study also revealed that in vitro osteogenesis assays have limited ability to predict osseous integration into porous scaffolds, because (1) in vivo, woven bone integrates from the leading edge of regenerating trabecular bone and not from mesenchymal cells adhering to scaffold surfaces, and (2) bioactive coatings that attract inflammatory cells induce bone resorption. Porous polycaprolactone scaffolds elicited drawn-out osteochondral wound repair. Regenerating trabecular bone only infiltrated angiogenic mesenchyme free of inflammatory cells. 83% DDA chitosan stimulated sterile inflammatory angiogenesis and trabecular bone resorption. 99% DDA chitosan coatings promoted chondrogenesis inside and over the PCL articular surface.
Collapse
|
12
|
Pahal S, Boranna R, Prashanth GR, Varma MM. Simplifying Molecular Transport in Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Thin Films. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Pahal
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem) Bengaluru Karnataka 560065 India
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru Karnataka 560012 India
| | - Rakshith Boranna
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering National Institute of Technology Goa Farmagudi Ponda Goa 403401 India
| | - Gurusiddappa R. Prashanth
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering National Institute of Technology Goa Farmagudi Ponda Goa 403401 India
| | - Manoj M. Varma
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru Karnataka 560012 India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li Y, Wang S, Li S, Fei J. Clindamycin-loaded titanium prevents implant-related infection through blocking biofilm formation. J Biomater Appl 2021; 36:1231-1242. [PMID: 34723682 DOI: 10.1177/08853282211051183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Implant-related infection is a disastrous complication. Surface modification of titanium is considered as an important strategy to prevent implant-related infection. However, there is no recognized surface modification strategy that can be applied in clinic so far. We explored a new strategy of coating. The clindamycin-loaded titanium was constructed by layer-by-layer self-assembly. The release of clindamycin from titanium was detected through high performance liquid chromatography. Different titanium was co-cultured with Staphylococcus aureus for 24 h in vitro, then the effect of different titanium on bacterial colonization and biofilm formation was determined by spread plate method and scanning electron microscopy. Cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility of clindamycin-loaded titanium on MC3T3-E1 cells were measured by CCK8. The antibacterial ability of clindamycin-loaded titanium in vivo was also evaluated using a rat model of osteomyelitis. The number of osteoclasts in bone defect was observed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. Bacterial burden of surrounding tissues around the site of infection was calculated by tissue homogenate and colony count. Clindamycin-loaded titanium could release clindamycin slowly within 160 h. It reduced bacterial colonization by three orders of magnitude compare to control (p < .05) and inhibits biofilm formation in vitro. Cells proliferation and adhesion were similar on three titanium surfaces (p > .05). In vivo, clindamycin-loaded titanium improved bone healing, reduced microbial burden, and decreased the number of osteoclasts compared control titanium in the rat model of osteomyelitis. This study demonstrated that clindamycin-loaded titanium exhibited good biocompatibility, and showed antibacterial activity both in vivo and in vitro. It is promising and might have potential for clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youbin Li
- 12525Department of Emergency Medicine of Army Medical Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaochuan Wang
- 12525Department of Emergency Medicine of Army Medical Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shidan Li
- 12525Department of Emergency Medicine of Army Medical Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Fei
- 12525Department of Emergency Medicine of Army Medical Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,12525State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films Based on Natural Polymers: From Fundamentals to Bio-Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142254. [PMID: 34301010 PMCID: PMC8309355 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural polymers are of great interest in the biomedical field due to their intrinsic properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity. Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of natural polymers is a versatile, simple, efficient, reproducible, and flexible bottom-up technique for the development of nanostructured materials in a controlled manner. The multiple morphological and structural advantages of LbL compared to traditional coating methods (i.e., precise control over the thickness and compositions at the nanoscale, simplicity, versatility, suitability, and flexibility to coat surfaces with irregular shapes and sizes), make LbL one of the most useful techniques for building up advanced multilayer polymer structures for application in several fields, e.g., biomedicine, energy, and optics. This review article collects the main advances concerning multilayer assembly of natural polymers employing the most used LbL techniques (i.e., dipping, spray, and spin coating) leading to multilayer polymer structures and the influence of several variables (i.e., pH, molar mass, and method of preparation) in this LbL assembly process. Finally, the employment of these multilayer biopolymer films as platforms for tissue engineering, drug delivery, and thermal therapies will be discussed.
Collapse
|
15
|
Gnanasampanthan T, Beyer CD, Yu W, Karthäuser JF, Wanka R, Spöllmann S, Becker HW, Aldred N, Clare AS, Rosenhahn A. Effect of Multilayer Termination on Nonspecific Protein Adsorption and Antifouling Activity of Alginate-Based Layer-by-Layer Coatings. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:5950-5963. [PMID: 33969986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly is a versatile platform for applying coatings and studying the properties of promising compounds for antifouling applications. Here, alginate-based LbL coatings were fabricated by alternating the deposition of alginic acid and chitosan or polyethylenimine to form multilayer coatings. Films were prepared with either odd or even bilayer numbers to investigate if the termination of the LbL coatings affects the physicochemical properties, resistance against the nonspecific adsorption (NSA) of proteins, and antifouling efficacy. The hydrophilic films, which were characterized using spectroscopic ellipsometry, water contact angle goniometry, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, AFM, XPS, and SPR spectroscopy, revealed high swelling in water and strongly reduced the NSA of proteins compared to the hydrophobic reference. While the choice of the polycation was important for the protein resistance of the LbL coatings, the termination mattered less. The attachment of diatoms and settling of barnacle cypris larvae revealed good antifouling properties that were controlled by the termination and the charge density of the LbL films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nick Aldred
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony S Clare
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Link A, Michel T, Schaller M, Tronser T, Krajewski S, Cattaneo G. In vitro investigation of an intracranial flow diverter with a fibrin-based, hemostasis mimicking, nanocoating. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 16:015026. [PMID: 33166946 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abc8d3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Flow diversion aims at treatment of intracranial aneurysms via vessel remodeling mechanisms, avoiding the implantation of foreign materials into the aneurysm sack. However, complex implantation procedure, high metal surface and hemodynamic disturbance still pose a risk for thromboembolic complications in the clinical praxis. A novel fibrin and heparin based nano coating considered as a hemocompatible scaffold for neointimal formation was investigated regarding thrombogenicity and endothelialization. The fibrin-heparin coating was compared to a bare metal as well as fibrin- or heparin-coated flow diverters. The implants were tested separately in regard to inflammation and coagulation markers in two different in vitro hemocompatibility models conducted with human whole blood (n = 5). Endothelialization was investigated through a novel dynamic in vitro cell seeding model containing primary human cells with subsequent viability assay. It was demonstrated that platelet loss and platelet activation triggered by presence of a bare metal stent could be significantly reduced by applying the fibrin-heparin, fibrin and heparin coating. Viability of endothelial cells after proliferation was similar in fibrin-heparin compared to bare metal implants, with a slight, non-significant improvement observed in the fibrin-heparin group. The results suggest that the presented nanocoating has the potential to reduce thromboembolic complications in a clinical setting. Though the new model allowed for endothelial cell proliferation under flow conditions, a higher number of samples is required to assess a possible effect of the coating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Link
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kumari S, Tiyyagura HR, Pottathara YB, Sadasivuni KK, Ponnamma D, Douglas TEL, Skirtach AG, Mohan MK. Surface functionalization of chitosan as a coating material for orthopaedic applications: A comprehensive review. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 255:117487. [PMID: 33436247 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metallic implants have dominated the biomedical implant industries for the past century for load-bearing applications, while the polymeric implants have shown great promise for tissue engineering applications. The surface properties of such implants are critical as the interaction of implant surfaces, and the body tissues may lead to unfavourable reactions. Desired implant properties are biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, and antibacterial activity. A polymer coating is an efficient and economical way to produce such surfaces. A lot of research has been carried out on chitosan (CS)-modified metallic and polymer scaffolds in the last decade. Different methods such as electrophoretic deposition, sol-gel methods, dip coating and spin coating, electrospinning, etc. have been utilized to produce CS coatings. However, a systematic review of chitosan coatings on scaffolds focussing on widely employed techniques is lacking. This review surveys literature concerning the current status of orthopaedic applications of CS for the purpose of coatings. In this review, the various preparation methods of coating, and the role of the surface functionalities in determining the efficiency of coatings are discussed. Effect of nanoparticle additions on the polymeric interfaces and in regulating the properties of surface coatings are also investigated in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kumari
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India; Department of Biotechnology, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Hanuma Reddy Tiyyagura
- Alterno Labs d.o.o, Brnčičeva ulica 29, 1231 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, Maribor SI-2000, Slovenia.
| | - Yasir Beeran Pottathara
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, Maribor SI-2000, Slovenia
| | | | | | | | - Andre G Skirtach
- Department of Biotechnology, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - M K Mohan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
The co-deposition coating of collagen IV and laminin on hyaluronic acid pattern for better biocompatibility on cardiovascular biomaterials. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 196:111307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
19
|
Bračič M, Mohan T, Kargl R, Grießer T, Heinze T, Stana Kleinschek K. Protein repellent anti-coagulative mixed-charged cellulose derivative coatings. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 254:117437. [PMID: 33357910 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the formation of cellulose based polyelectrolyte charge complexes on the surface of biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) thin films. Anionic sulphated cellulose (CS) and protonated cationic amino cellulose (AC) were used to form these complexes with a layer-by-layer coating technique. Both polyelectrolytes were analyzed by charge titration methods to elucidate their pH-value dependent protonation behavior. A quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) in combination with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to follow the growth, stability and water content of up to three AC/CS bi-layers in aqueous environment. This was combined with coagulation studies on one, two and three bilayers of AC/CS, measuring the thrombin formation rate and the total coagulation time of citrated blood plasma with QCM-D. Stable mixed charged bilayers could be prepared on PCL and significantly higher masses of AC than of CS were present in these complexes. Strong hydration due to the presence of ammonium and sulphate substituents on the backbone of cellulose led to a significant BSA repellent character of three bilayers of AC/CS coatings. The total plasma coagulation time was increased in comparison to neat PCL, indicating an anticoagulative nature of the coatings. Surprisingly, a coating solely composed of an AC layer significantly prolonged the total coagulation time on the surfaces although it did not prevent fibrinogen deposition. It is suggested that these cellulose derivative-based coatings can therefore be used to prevent unwanted BSA deposition and fibrin clot formation on PCL to foster its biomedical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matej Bračič
- Laboratory for Characterization and Processing of Polymers (LCPP), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Tamilselvan Mohan
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Rupert Kargl
- Laboratory for Characterization and Processing of Polymers (LCPP), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia; Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010, Graz, Austria; Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology (BPTI), Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, AT - 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Thomas Grießer
- Chair of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, University of Leoben, Otto-Glöckel-Straße 2, A-8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - Thomas Heinze
- Center of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, D-07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Karin Stana Kleinschek
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Intelligent H2S release coating for regulating vascular remodeling. Bioact Mater 2020; 6:1040-1050. [PMID: 33102945 PMCID: PMC7567040 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary atherosclerotic lesions exhibit a low-pH chronic inflammatory response. Due to insufficient drug release control, drug-eluting stent intervention can lead to delayed endothelialization, advanced thrombosis, and unprecise treatment. In this study, hyaluronic acid and chitosan were used to prepare pH-responsive self-assembling films. The hydrogen sulfide (H2S) releasing aspirin derivative ACS14 was used as drug in the film. The film regulates the release of the drug adjusted to the microenvironment of the lesion, and the drug balances the vascular function by releasing the regulating gas H2S, which comparably to NO promotes the self-healing capacity of blood vessels. Drug releasing profiles of the films at different pH, and other biological effects on blood vessels were evaluated through blood compatibility, cellular, and implantation experiments. This novel method of self-assembled films which H2S in an amount, which is adjusted to the condition of the lesion provides a new concept for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. PH-responsive self-assembling films were used to intelligently release the drugs at atherosclerotic lesions. As a gaseous signaling molecule, H2S donor ACS14 was loaded into the films used in the field of cardiovascular disease treatment. H2S can help to regulate vascular remodeling and balance the vascular function.
Collapse
|
21
|
Guzmán E, Rubio RG, Ortega F. A closer physico-chemical look to the Layer-by-Layer electrostatic self-assembly of polyelectrolyte multilayers. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 282:102197. [PMID: 32579951 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of polyelectrolyte multilayer films (PEMs) using the Layer-by-Layer (LbL) method is one of the most versatile approaches for manufacturing functional surfaces. This is the result of the possibility to control the assembly process of the LbL films almost at will, by changing the nature of the assembled materials (building blocks), the assembly conditions (pH, ionic strength, temperature, etc.) or even by changing some other operational parameters which may impact in the structure and physico-chemical properties of the obtained multi-layered films. Therefore, the understanding of the impact of the above mentioned parameters on the assembly process of LbL materials plays a critical role in the potential use of the LbL method for the fabrication of new functional materials with technological interest. This review tries to provide a broad physico-chemical perspective to the study of the fabrication process of PEMs by the LbL method, which allows one to take advantage of the many possibilities offered for this approach on the fabrication of new functional nanomaterials.
Collapse
|
22
|
Stent coating by electrospinning with chitosan/poly-cyclodextrin based nanofibers loaded with simvastatin for restenosis prevention. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 150:156-167. [PMID: 32179100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The main cause of failure of angioplasty stenting is restenosis due to neointimal hyperplasia, a too high proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMC). The local and sustained delivery of selective pleiotropic drugs to limit SMC proliferation seems to be the hopeful solution to minimize this post surgery complication. The aim of this study is to develop a stent covered by nanofibers (NFs) produced by electrospinning, loaded with simvastatin (SV), a drug commonly used for restenosis prevention. NFs were prepared from the electrospinning of a solution containing SV and a mixture of chitosan (cationic) and β-cyclodextrin (CD) polymer (anionic) which form together a polyelectrolyte complex that makes up the NFs matrix. First, the SV/CD interactions were studied by phase solubility diagram, DRX and DSC. The electrospinning process was then optimized to cover a self-expandable NiTiNOL stent and the mechanical resistance of the NFs sheath upon its introduction inside the delivery catheter was considered, using a crimper apparatus. The morphology, coating thicknesses and diameters of nanofibers were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The SV loading rates on the stents were controlled by the electrospinning time, and the presence of SV in the NFs was confirmed by FTIR. NFs stability in PBS pH 7.4 buffer could be improved after thermal post-treatment of NFs and in vitro release of SV in dynamic conditions demonstrated that the release profiles were influenced by the presence of CD polymer in NFs and by the thickness of the NFs sheath. Finally, a covered stent delivering 3 µg/mm2 of SV within 6 h was obtained, whose efficiency will be investigated in a further in vivo study.
Collapse
|
23
|
Madhumitha D, Vaidyanathan V, Dhathathreyan A. Plasticity or elasticity? Relating elastic moduli with secondary structural features of mixed films of polypeptides at air/fluid and fluid/solid interfaces. Biophys Chem 2020; 258:106329. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2020.106329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
24
|
Kwon SI, Kyung KH, Park JY, Lee IS, Kim JH, Kim SH, Shiratori S. Uniform anti-reflective films fabricated by layer-by-layer ultrasonic spray method. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
25
|
Al-Khoury H, Espinosa-Cano E, Aguilar MR, Román JS, Syrowatka F, Schmidt G, Groth T. Anti-inflammatory Surface Coatings Based on Polyelectrolyte Multilayers of Heparin and Polycationic Nanoparticles of Naproxen-Bearing Polymeric Drugs. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:4015-4025. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hala Al-Khoury
- Department Biomedical Materials, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Heinrich Damerow Strasse 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Materials Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Eva Espinosa-Cano
- Biomaterials Group, Department of Polymeric Nanomaterials and Biomaterials, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Networking Biomedical Research Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Rosa Aguilar
- Biomaterials Group, Department of Polymeric Nanomaterials and Biomaterials, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Networking Biomedical Research Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio San Román
- Biomaterials Group, Department of Polymeric Nanomaterials and Biomaterials, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Networking Biomedical Research Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Frank Syrowatka
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Materials Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Georg Schmidt
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Materials Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas Groth
- Department Biomedical Materials, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Heinrich Damerow Strasse 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Materials Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Applied Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bazmandeh AZ, Mirzaei E, Ghasemi Y, Kouhbanani MAJ. Hyaluronic acid coated electrospun chitosan-based nanofibers prepared by simultaneous stabilizing and coating. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 138:403-411. [PMID: 31326513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) are two oppositely charged natural polysaccharides used widely for preparation of nanofibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Here, we prepared composite fibers composed of CS and HA by electrospinning and subsequent coating. In this regard, two approaches were applied for coating CS nanofibers by HA. In the first method, electrospun nanofiner was first neutralized and then coating was done (HA/CS1), while in the second approach, neutralization and coating were carried out simultaneously (HA/CS2). The overall fibrous structure of the mats was preserved after coating through both methods and there was no remarkable morphological difference between HA/CS1 and HA/CS2 samples. The presence of HA and possible interactions between CS and HA were demonstrated in both HA coated nanofibers by FTIR and thermal gravimetric analysis. However, HA/CS2 nanofibers indicated more interactions between HA and CS. Contact angel measurement revealed differences in the wettability of resultant fibers. Although both scaffolds showed high wettability, the HA/CS2 had lower wettability than HA/CS1. More importantly, there was a difference in cytocompatibility of the scaffolds. Both HA coated scaffolds showed improvement in cell proliferation. However, cell proliferation and adhesion were more when HA was coated through a direct simultaneous method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Zakeri Bazmandeh
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Jadidi Kouhbanani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jang TS, Cheon KH, Ahn JH, Song EH, Kim HE, Jung HD. In-vitro blood and vascular compatibility of sirolimus-eluting organic/inorganic hybrid stent coatings. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 179:405-413. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
28
|
Huang LY, Yang MC, Tsou HM, Liu TY. Hemocompatibility and anti-fouling behavior of multilayer biopolymers immobilized on gold-thiolized drug-eluting cardiovascular stents. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 173:470-477. [PMID: 30326363 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
To solve the thrombosis and restenosis problem in cardiovascular stent implantation for cardiovascular artery disease, chondroitin 6-sulfate (ChS) with heparin (HEP) have been used as drug carrier layers and alternatively covalently bonded on gold (Au)-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA)-thiolized cardiovascular metallic (SUS316 L stainless steel, SS) stents. Sirolimus, a model drug, was encapsulated in the ChS-HEP alternative layers. The behavior of the drug in releasing and suppressing the growth of smooth-muscle cells (SMCs) was evaluated with 5-layer CHS-HEP coating on the SS stents. Moreover, hemocompatibility of blood clotting time and platelet adhesion was performed. The results showed that the 5-layer ChS-HEP-modified SS stents displayed the greatest hemocompatibility, showing prolonged blood clotting time of the activated partial thrombin time (> 500 s) and less platelet adhesion to reduce thrombosis. Furthermore, sirolimus can be released continuously for more than 40 days with the 5-layer ChS-HEP coating and is beneficial for inhibiting the growth of SMCs; however, it does not affect the proliferation of endothelial cells, which can avoid restenosis formation. Therefore, the multilayers of ChS-HEP grafted onto the Au-DMSA-cardiovascular SS stents provide high potential for use as drug eluting stents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ying Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chien Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Ming Tsou
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Liu
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shutava TG, Livanovich KS, Sharamet AA. Layer-by-layer films of polysaccharides modified with polyethylene glycol and dextran. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 173:412-420. [PMID: 30321799 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Layer-by-layer (LbL) films with enhanced resistance to protein adsorption were obtained on the basis of N-grafted copolymers of chitosan with polyethylene glycol (PEG) or dextran (DEX). The copolymers with the backbone molecular weight of 18 and 450 kDa, side chains of PEG of 5.0 and 0.9 kDa, DEX of 6.0 kDa and the degree of amine groups substitution χSub as high as ∼0.25 were alternated with dextran sulfate (DS) to assemble up to 10 bilayer films. The film material contains 85±5% of water with virtually no effect of the copolymer structure. By utilizing the graft copolymers and applying suitable number of copolymer/DS bilayers to the surface, the mass of adsorbed fetal bovine serum proteins was decreased by 70-85% as compared to that on unmodified chitosan/DS film. In terms of overlapping side chains on the LbL surface the copolymers of PEG and DEX are equally effective in tailoring protein-resistant materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsiana G Shutava
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Kanstantsin S Livanovich
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Anastasiya A Sharamet
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Deming TJ, Klok HA, Armes SP, Becker ML, Champion JA, Chen EYX, Heilshorn SC, van Hest JCM, Irvine DJ, Johnson JA, Kiessling LL, Maynard HD, de la Cruz MO, Sullivan MO, Tirrell MV, Anseth KS, Lecommandoux S, Percec S, Zhong Z, Albertsson AC. Polymers at the Interface with Biology. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:3151-3162. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Deming
- Departments of Bioengineering, Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1600, United States
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew L. Becker
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Julie A. Champion
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-2000, United States
| | - Eugene Y.-X. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Sarah C. Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jan C. M. van Hest
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Darrell J. Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biological Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Program in Polymers and Soft Matter, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Laura L. Kiessling
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Heather D. Maynard
- Departments of Bioengineering, Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1600, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Monica Olvera de la Cruz
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, Chemical and Biological Engineering and Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Millicent O. Sullivan
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Matthew V. Tirrell
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Kristi S. Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and the BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Sebastien Lecommandoux
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, LCPO, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5629, 16 Avenue Pey Berland F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Simona Percec
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ann-Christine Albertsson
- Fibre and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Andreeva TD, Stoichev S, Taneva SG, Krastev R. Hybrid graphene oxide/polysaccharide nanocomposites with controllable surface properties and biocompatibility. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 181:78-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
32
|
Rizzi G, Scrivani A, Fini M, Giardino R. Biomedical Coatings to Improve the Tissue-Biomaterial Interface. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 27:649-57. [PMID: 15478535 DOI: 10.1177/039139880402700802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the most important factors determining the degree of tissue interaction of an implanted device is the property of its surface. Thus, great importance is given to chemical and morphological characteristics of biomaterial surfaces to improve biocompatibility, cell migration, proliferation and differentiation, mechanical stability and endogenous tissue ingrowth. In order to obtain new and healing stimulating properties, it is possible to apply a coating or more generally a surface treatment to the surface of a prosthetic device. One of the most versatile methods for coating is thermal spray technology. This paper considers the principle of thermal spray processes and their application in the biomedical field, namely the coatings used for orthopedic prostheses and dental implants. Among thermal spray processes, plasma spray as well as High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) processes will be particularly considered and their most important aspects will be illustrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Rizzi
- Biocoatings Srl, Rubbiano di Solignano, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Han CM, Park KS, Joung YK. Recent alternative approaches of vascular drug-eluting stents. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-017-0378-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
34
|
Iijima K, Tsuji Y, Kuriki I, Kakimoto A, Nikaido Y, Ninomiya R, Iyoda T, Fukai F, Hashizume M. Control of cell adhesion and proliferation utilizing polysaccharide composite film scaffolds. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 160:228-237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
35
|
McNamara MC, Sharifi F, Wrede AH, Kimlinger DF, Thomas DG, Vander Wiel JB, Chen Y, Montazami R, Hashemi NN. Microfibers as Physiologically Relevant Platforms for Creation of 3D Cell Cultures. Macromol Biosci 2017; 17. [PMID: 29148617 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Microfibers have received much attention due to their promise for creating flexible and highly relevant tissue models for use in biomedical applications such as 3D cell culture, tissue modeling, and clinical treatments. A generated tissue or implanted material should mimic the natural microenvironment in terms of structural and mechanical properties as well as cell adhesion, differentiation, and growth rate. Therefore, the mechanical and biological properties of the fibers are of importance. This paper briefly introduces common fiber fabrication approaches, provides examples of polymers used in biomedical applications, and then reviews the methods applied to modify the mechanical and biological properties of fibers fabricated using different approaches for creating a highly controlled microenvironment for cell culturing. It is shown that microfibers are a highly tunable and versatile tool with great promise for creating 3D cell cultures with specific properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn C McNamara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Farrokh Sharifi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Alex H Wrede
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Daniel F Kimlinger
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Deepak-George Thomas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | | | - Yuanfen Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Reza Montazami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.,Center of Advanced Host Defense Immunobiotics and Translational Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Nicole N Hashemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.,Center of Advanced Host Defense Immunobiotics and Translational Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bagheri M, Mohammadi M, Steele TW, Ramezani M. Nanomaterial coatings applied on stent surfaces. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 11:1309-26. [PMID: 27111467 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2015-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of percutaneous coronary intervention and intravascular stents has revolutionized the field of interventional cardiology. Nonetheless, in-stent restenosis, inflammation and late-stent thrombosis are the major obstacles with currently available stents. In order to enhance the hemocompatibility of stents, advances in the field of nanotechnology allow novel designs of nanoparticles and biomaterials toward localized drug/gene carriers or stent scaffolds. The current review focuses on promising polymers used in the fabrication of newer generations of stents with a short synopsis on atherosclerosis and current commercialized stents, nanotechnology's impact on stent development and recent advancements in stent biomaterials is discussed in context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Bagheri
- Shariati Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, PO Box 935189-9983, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, PO Box 91775-1365, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mohammadi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, PO Box 91775-1365, Iran
| | - Terry Wj Steele
- Division of Materials Technology, Materials & Science Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, PO Box 91775-1365, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nabzdyk CS, Pradhan-Nabzdyk L, LoGerfo FW. RNAi therapy to the wall of arteries and veins: anatomical, physiologic, and pharmacological considerations. J Transl Med 2017; 15:164. [PMID: 28754174 PMCID: PMC5534068 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease remains a major health care challenge. The knowledge about the underlying mechanisms of the respective vascular disease etiologies has greatly expanded over the last decades. This includes the contribution of microRNAs, endogenous non-coding RNA molecules, known to vastly influence gene expression. In addition, short interference RNA has been established as a mechanism to temporarily affect gene expression. This review discusses challenges relating to the design of a RNA interference therapy strategy for the modulation of vascular disease. Despite advances in medical and surgical therapies, atherosclerosis (ATH), aortic aneurysms (AA) are still associated with high morbidity and mortality. In addition, intimal hyperplasia (IH) remains a leading cause of late vein and prosthetic bypass graft failure. Pathomechanisms of all three entities include activation of endothelial cells (EC) and dedifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). RNA interference represents a promising technology that may be utilized to silence genes contributing to ATH, AA or IH. Successful RNAi delivery to the vessel wall faces multiple obstacles. These include the challenge of cell specific, targeted delivery of RNAi, anatomical barriers such as basal membrane, elastic laminae in arterial walls, multiple layers of VSMC, as well as adventitial tissues. Another major decision point is the route of delivery and potential methods of transfection. A plethora of transfection reagents and adjuncts have been described with varying efficacies and side effects. Timing and duration of RNAi therapy as well as target gene choice are further relevant aspects that need to be addressed in a temporo-spatial fashion. Conclusions While multiple preclinical studies reported encouraging results of RNAi delivery to the vascular wall, it remains to be seen if a single target can be sufficient to the achieve clinically desirable changes in the injured vascular wall in humans. It might be necessary to achieve simultaneous and/or sequential silencing of multiple, synergistically acting target genes. Some advances in cell specific RNAi delivery have been made, but a reliable vascular cell specific transfection strategy is still missing. Also, off-target effects of RNAi and unwanted effects of transfection agents on gene expression are challenges to be addressed. Close collaborative efforts between clinicians, geneticists, biologists, and chemical and medical engineers will be needed to provide tailored therapeutics for the various types of vascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph S Nabzdyk
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Frank W. LoGerfo Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Leena Pradhan-Nabzdyk
- Frank W. LoGerfo Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Frank W LoGerfo
- Frank W. LoGerfo Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Köwitsch A, Zhou G, Groth T. Medical application of glycosaminoglycans: a review. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e23-e41. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Köwitsch
- Biomedical Materials Group, Institute of Pharmacy; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
| | - Guoying Zhou
- Biomedical Materials Group, Institute of Pharmacy; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
| | - Thomas Groth
- Biomedical Materials Group, Institute of Pharmacy; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dong Y, Matson JB, Edgar KJ. Olefin Cross-Metathesis in Polymer and Polysaccharide Chemistry: A Review. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:1661-1676. [PMID: 28467697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Olefin cross-metathesis, a ruthenium-catalyzed carbon-carbon double bond transformation that features high selectivity, reactivity, and tolerance of various functional groups, has been extensively applied in organic synthesis and polymer chemistry. Herein, we review strategies for performing selective cross-metathesis and its applications in polymer and polysaccharide chemistry, including constructing complex polymer architectures, attaching pendant groups to polymer backbones and surfaces, and modifying polysaccharide derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Dong
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - John B Matson
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Kevin J Edgar
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hexamethylene diamine/carboxymethyl cellulose grafted on magnetic nanoparticles for controlled drug delivery. Polym Bull (Berl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-017-1980-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
41
|
Narang J, Malhotra N, Singhal C, Mathur A, Chakraborty D, Anil A, Ingle A, Pundir CS. Point of care with micro fluidic paper based device integrated with nano zeolite–graphene oxide nanoflakes for electrochemical sensing of ketamine. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 88:249-257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
42
|
Buriuli M, Verma D. Polyelectrolyte Complexes (PECs) for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED STRUCTURED MATERIALS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-3328-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
43
|
Iijima K, Kimura T, Sato R, Takahashi T, Hashizume M. Kinetic Analysis of Molecular Permeabilities of Free-Standing Polysaccharide Composite Films. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Iijima
- Department of Industrial Chemistry; Faculty of Engineering; Tokyo University of Science; 12-1 Ichigayafunagawara-machi Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-0826 Japan
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Technology; Tokyo University of Science; 12-1 Ichigayafunagawara-machi Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-0826 Japan
| | - Takayuki Kimura
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Technology; Tokyo University of Science; 12-1 Ichigayafunagawara-machi Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-0826 Japan
| | - Ryo Sato
- Department of Industrial Chemistry; Faculty of Engineering; Tokyo University of Science; 12-1 Ichigayafunagawara-machi Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-0826 Japan
| | - Tomoki Takahashi
- Graduate School of Engineering; Kobe University; 1-1 Rokkodai-cho Nada-ku Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Mineo Hashizume
- Department of Industrial Chemistry; Faculty of Engineering; Tokyo University of Science; 12-1 Ichigayafunagawara-machi Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-0826 Japan
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Technology; Tokyo University of Science; 12-1 Ichigayafunagawara-machi Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-0826 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Elnaggar MA, Seo SH, Gobaa S, Lim KS, Bae IH, Jeong MH, Han DK, Joung YK. Nitric Oxide Releasing Coronary Stent: A New Approach Using Layer-by-Layer Coating and Liposomal Encapsulation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:6012-6023. [PMID: 27623489 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201600337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The sustained or controlled release of nitric oxide (NO) can be the most promising approach for the suppression or prevention of restenosis and thrombosis caused by stent implantation. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility in the potential use of layer-by-layer (LBL) coating with a NO donor-containing liposomes to control the release rate of NO from a metallic stent. Microscopic observation and surface characterizations of LBL-modified stents demonstrate successful LBL coating with liposomes on a stent. Release profiles of NO show that the release rate is sustained up to 5 d. In vitro cell study demonstrates that NO release significantly enhances endothelial cell proliferation, whereas it markedly inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation. Finally, in vivo study conducted with a porcine coronary injury model proves the therapeutic efficacy of the NO-releasing stents coated by liposomal LBL technique, supported by improved results in luminal healing, inflammation, and neointimal thickening except thrombo-resistant effect. As a result, all these results demonstrate that highly optimized release rate and therapeutic dose of NO can be achieved by LBL coating and liposomal encapsulation, followed by significantly efficacious outcome in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Elnaggar
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangro 14-gil 5, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, 113 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ho Seo
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangro 14-gil 5, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Samy Gobaa
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangro 14-gil 5, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Seob Lim
- The Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, 671 Jaebongro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Ho Bae
- The Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, 671 Jaebongro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- The Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, 671 Jaebongro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Keun Han
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangro 14-gil 5, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, 113 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ki Joung
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangro 14-gil 5, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, 113 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ricotti L, Gori G, Cei D, Costa J, Signore G, Ahluwalia A. Polymeric Microporous Nanofilms as Smart Platforms for in Vitro Assessment of Nanoparticle Translocation and Caco-2 Cell Culture. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2016; 15:689-696. [PMID: 27576259 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2016.2603191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The study of nanomaterial translocation across epithelial barriers is often hindered by the low permeability of transwell membranes to nanoparticles. To address this issue ultra-thin poly(L-lactic acid) nanofilms with zero tortuosity micropores were developed for use in nanoparticle passage tests. In this study we demonstrate that microporous polymeric nanofilms allow a significantly higher passage of silver nanoparticles in comparison with commercial membranes normally used in transwell inserts. A reliable procedure for collecting free-standing nanofilms which enables their manipulation and use in lab-on-chip systems is described. We also demonstrate the cytocompatibility of porous nanofilms and their ability to sustain the adhesion and proliferation of Caco-2 cells. Ultra-thin microporous membranes show promise as low-cost nanomaterial screening tools and may be used as matrices for the development of bioengineered systems for mimicking the intestinal epithelium.
Collapse
|
46
|
Cassin ME, Ford AJ, Orbach SM, Saverot SE, Rajagopalan P. The design of antimicrobial LL37-modified collagen-hyaluronic acid detachable multilayers. Acta Biomater 2016; 40:119-129. [PMID: 27109763 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The design of antimicrobial membranes and thin films are critical for the design of biomaterials that can combat bacterial contamination. Since the long-term use of conventional antibiotics can result in bacterial resistance, there is a critical need to incorporate natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that not only prevent a wide range of pathogens from causing infections but can also promote many beneficial outcomes in wounded tissues. We report the design and antimicrobial properties of detachable collagen (COL)/hyaluronic acid (HA) polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) modified with LL-37, a naturally occurring human AMP. LL-37 was physically adsorbed and chemically immobilized on the surface of PEMs. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of PEMs were tested with Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli, strain DH10B) and primary rat hepatocytes, respectively. The ability to prevent bacterial adhesion and to neutralize an E. coli layer was investigated as a function of LL-37 concentration. An interesting trend was that even unmodified PEMs exhibited a 40% reduction in bacterial adhesion. When LL-37 was physically adsorbed on PEMs, bacterial adhesion was significantly lower on the surface of the films as well as in the surrounding broth. Immobilizing LL-37 resulted in less than 3% bacterial adhesion on the surface due to the presence of the peptide. LL-37 modified PEMs did not result in any cytotoxicity up to input concentrations of 16μM. More importantly, urea and albumin secretion by hepatocytes were unaffected even at high LL-37 concentrations. The COL/HA PEMs can serve as antimicrobial coatings, biological membranes and as in vitro platforms to investigate pathogen-tissue interactions. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are emerging as an alternative to conventional antibiotics. We report the antimicrobial properties of detachable collagen (COL)/hyaluronic acid (HA) polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) modified with LL-37, a human AMP. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties were tested with gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli, strain DH10B) and primary rat hepatocytes, respectively. Unmodified PEMs exhibited a 40% reduction in bacterial adhesion. When LL-37 was physically adsorbed on PEMs, the sustained release of the active peptide killed planktonic bacteria. Immobilizing LL-37 resulted in less than 3% bacterial adhesion. LL-37 modified PEMs did not result in cytotoxicity up to input concentrations of 16μM. The COL/HA PEMs can serve as antimicrobial coatings and to investigate pathogen-cell interactions.
Collapse
|
47
|
Silva JM, Reis RL, Mano JF. Biomimetic Extracellular Environment Based on Natural Origin Polyelectrolyte Multilayers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:4308-42. [PMID: 27435905 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201601355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification of biomaterials is a well-known approach to enable an adequate biointerface between the implant and the surrounding tissue, dictating the initial acceptance or rejection of the implantable device. Since its discovery in early 1990s layer-by-layer (LbL) approaches have become a popular and attractive technique to functionalize the biomaterials surface and also engineering various types of objects such as capsules, hollow tubes, and freestanding membranes in a controllable and versatile manner. Such versatility enables the incorporation of different nanostructured building blocks, including natural biopolymers, which appear as promising biomimetic multilayered systems due to their similarity to human tissues. In this review, the potential of natural origin polymer-based multilayers is highlighted in hopes of a better understanding of the mechanisms behind its use as building blocks of LbL assembly. A deep overview on the recent progresses achieved in the design, fabrication, and applications of natural origin multilayered films is provided. Such films may lead to novel biomimetic approaches for various biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, implantable devices, cell-based biosensors, diagnostic systems, and basic cell biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana M Silva
- 3Bs Research Group-Biomaterials Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark - Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3Bs Research Group-Biomaterials Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark - Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João F Mano
- 3Bs Research Group-Biomaterials Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark - Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Narang J, Singhal C, Malhotra N, Narang S, Pn AK, Gupta R, Kansal R, Pundir CS. Impedimetric genosensor for ultratrace detection of hepatitis B virus DNA in patient samples assisted by zeolites and MWCNT nano-composites. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 86:566-574. [PMID: 27448547 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanocrystals of zeolites (Nanocrys Zeo) and Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) based diagnostic genosensor was employed for detection of polymerase chain (PCR) amplified HBVDNA in blood of hepatitis B patients. The ssDNA-nanocomposite modified electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The hybridization between ss DNA probe and target ss DNA was detected by reduction in current, generated by interaction of methylene blue (MB) with free guanine (3'G) of ssDNA. Nanocrys zeo were deposited on the Fluorine doped tin oxide glass electrode (FTO) by drop-casting method for better immobilization of ss DNA while MWCNTs are incorporated into the zeolite-assembly to enhance the electro-conductivity of the present genosensor. The ssDNA-nanocomposite modified FTO electrode exhibited optimum current within 5s, at pH 5.6, and incubation temperature of 45°C. The value of charge transfer resistance (Rct) was linear with the number of copies of target DNA between 150 and 10(6) copies/ml. The limit of detection (LOD) of the sensor was 50 copies/ml. Within and between batches coefficients of variation (CV) were 2.5% and 3.2% respectively. Results obtained with our genosensor were also correlated with those by RT-PCR and r(2) value found with good accuracy of 97%. The electrode was reused by dipping it into 0.1M NaOH for 3min and lost 50% of its initial activity in 4 weeks. Furthermore the technique employed for detection of HBV is EIS, which is convenient and required less analysis time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jagriti Narang
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Noida, UP, India.
| | - Chaitali Singhal
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Noida, UP, India
| | | | - Sumit Narang
- Oil and Natural Gas Corporation, Ankleshwar, India
| | - Anoop Krishna Pn
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Noida, UP, India
| | - Riya Gupta
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Noida, UP, India
| | | | - C S Pundir
- Deptt. of Biochemistry, MD University, Rohtak, India
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hemshekhar M, Thushara RM, Chandranayaka S, Sherman LS, Kemparaju K, Girish KS. Emerging roles of hyaluronic acid bioscaffolds in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 86:917-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
50
|
Controlling cell adhesion using layer-by-layer approaches for biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 70:1163-1175. [PMID: 27772718 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the adhesion of mammalian and bacterial cells at the interfaces between synthetic materials and biological environments is a real challenge in the biomedical fields such as tissue engineering, antibacterial coating, implantable biomaterials and biosensors. The surface properties of materials are known to profoundly influence the adhesion processes. To mediate the adhesion processes, polymeric coatings have been used to functionalize surfaces to introduce diverse physicochemical properties. The polyelectrolyte multilayer films built via the layer-by-layer (LbL) method, introduced by Moehwald, Decher, and Lvov 20years ago, has led to significant developments ranging from the fundamental understanding of cellular processes to controlling cell adhesion for biomedical applications. In this review, we focus our attention on the modification of surface physicochemical properties, using the LbL approach, to construct films which can either promote or inhibit mammalian/bacterial cell adhesion. We also discuss the emerging field of multifunctional surfaces capable of responding to specific cellular activity but being inert to the others.
Collapse
|