1
|
Vishwakarma P, Puri S, Banerjee M, Chang CY, Chang CC, Chaudhuri TK. Deciphering the Thermal Stability of Bacteriophage MS2-Derived Virus-like Particle and Its Engineered Variant. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:4812-4822. [PMID: 38976823 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
RNA bacteriophage MS2-derived virus-like particles (VLPs) have been widely used in biomedical research as model systems to study virus assembly, structure-function relationships, vaccine development, and drug delivery. Considering the diverse utility of these VLPs, a systemic engineering approach has been utilized to generate smaller particles with optimal serum stability and tissue penetrance. Additionally, it is crucial to demonstrate the overall stability of these mini MS2 VLPs, ensuring cargo protection until they reach their target cell/organ. However, no detailed analysis of the thermal stability and heat-induced disassembly of MS2 VLPs has yet been attempted. In this work, we investigated the thermal stability of both wild-type (WT) MS2 VLP and its "mini" variant containing S37P mutation (mini MS2 VLP). The mini MS2 VLP exhibits a higher capsid melting temperature (Tm) when compared to its WT MS2 VLP counterpart, possibly attributed to its smaller interdimer angle. Our study presents that the thermal unfolding of MS2 VLPs follows a sequential process involving particle destabilization, nucleic acid exposure/melting, and disassembly of VLP. This observation underscores the disruption of cooperative intersubunit interactions and protein-nucleic acid interactions, shedding light on the mechanism of heat-induced VLP disassembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pragati Vishwakarma
- Kusuma School of Biological Science, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sarita Puri
- Department of Bioscience, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Manidipa Banerjee
- Kusuma School of Biological Science, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Chia-Yu Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tsung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tsung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- International College of Semiconductor Technology, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Tapan K Chaudhuri
- Kusuma School of Biological Science, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
McCormick RA, Ralbovsky NM, Gilbraith W, Smith JP, Booksh KS. Analyzing atomic force microscopy images of virus-like particles by expectation-maximization. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:112. [PMID: 38902288 PMCID: PMC11190231 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00871-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Analysis of virus-like particles (VLPs) is an essential task in optimizing their implementation as vaccine antigens for virus-initiated diseases. Interrogating VLP collections for elasticity by probing with a rigid atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip is a potential method for determining VLP morphological changes. During VLP morphological change, it is not expected that all VLPs would be in the same state. This leads to the open question of whether VLPs may change in a continuous or stepwise fashion. For continuous change, the statistical distribution of observed VLP properties would be expected as a single distribution, while stepwise change would lead to a multimodal distribution of properties. This study presents the application of a Gaussian mixture model (GMM), fit by the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm, to identify different states of VLP morphological change observed by AFM imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A McCormick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Nicole M Ralbovsky
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, PA, 19486, USA
| | - William Gilbraith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Joseph P Smith
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, PA, 19486, USA.
| | - Karl S Booksh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Khakhum N, Baruch-Torres N, Stockton JL, Chapartegui-González I, Badten AJ, Adam A, Wang T, Huerta-Saquero A, Yin YW, Torres AG. Decoration of Burkholderia Hcp1 protein to virus-like particles as a vaccine delivery platform. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0001924. [PMID: 38353543 PMCID: PMC10929448 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00019-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are protein-based nanoparticles frequently used as carriers in conjugate vaccine platforms. VLPs have been used to display foreign antigens for vaccination and to deliver immunotherapy against diseases. Hemolysin-coregulated proteins 1 (Hcp1) is a protein component of the Burkholderia type 6 secretion system, which participates in intracellular invasion and dissemination. This protein has been reported as a protective antigen and is used in multiple vaccine candidates with various platforms against melioidosis, a severe infectious disease caused by the intracellular pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei. In this study, we used P22 VLPs as a surface platform for decoration with Hcp1 using chemical conjugation. C57BL/6 mice were intranasally immunized with three doses of either PBS, VLPs, or conjugated Hcp1-VLPs. Immunization with Hcp1-VLPs formulation induced Hcp1-specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2c, and IgA antibody responses. Furthermore, the serum from Hcp1-VLPs immunized mice enhanced the bacterial uptake and opsonophagocytosis by macrophages in the presence of complement. This study demonstrated an alternative strategy to develop a VLPs-based vaccine platform against Burkholderia species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nittaya Khakhum
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Noe Baruch-Torres
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Jacob L. Stockton
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Alexander J. Badten
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Institute for Translational Sciences, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Awadalkareem Adam
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Alejandro Huerta-Saquero
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Y. Whitney Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Alfredo G. Torres
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Damodaran A, Zachariah SM, Nair SC. Novel therapeutic approaches for the management of hepatitis infections. Ther Deliv 2024; 15:211-232. [PMID: 38410933 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2023-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) & hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a substantial reason for morbidity and mortality around the world. Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is connected with an enhanced risk of liver cirrhosis, liver decompensation and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Conventional therapy do face certain challenges, for example, poor tolerability and the growth of active resistance. Thus, novel treatment procedures are essential to accomplish the initiation of strong and stable antiviral immune reactions of the individuals. This review explores the current nanotechnology-based carriers for drug and vaccine delivery to treat HBV and HCV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Damodaran
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Subin Mary Zachariah
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Sreeja Chandrasekharan Nair
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hincapie R, Bhattacharya S, Baksh MM, Sanhueza CA, Echeverri ES, Kim H, Paunovska K, Podilapu AR, Xu M, Dahlman JE, Finn MG. Multivalent Targeting of the Asialoglycoprotein Receptor by Virus-Like Particles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2304263. [PMID: 37649182 PMCID: PMC10840735 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) is expressed in high density on hepatocytes. Multivalent variants of galactosyl carbohydrates bind ASGPR with high affinity, enabling hepatic delivery of ligand-bound cargo. Virus-like particle (VLP) conjugates of a relatively high-affinity ligand were efficiently endocytosed by ASGPR-expressing cells in a manner strongly dependent on the nature and density of ligand display, with the best formulation using a nanomolar-, but not a picomolar-level, binder. Optimized particles were taken up by HepG2 cells with greater efficiency than competing small molecules or the natural multigalactosylated ligand, asialoorosomucoid. Upon systemic injection in mice, these VLPs were rapidly cleared to the liver and were found in association with sinusoidal endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, hepatocytes, dendritic cells, and other immune cells. Both ASGPR-targeted and nontargeted particles were distributed similarly to endothelial and Kupffer cells, but targeted particles were distributed to a greater number and fraction of hepatocytes. Thus, selective cellular trafficking in the liver is difficult to achieve: even with the most potent ASGPR targeting available, barrier cells take up much of the injected particles and hepatocytes are accessed only approximately twice as efficiently in the best case.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hincapie
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Sonia Bhattacharya
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Michael M Baksh
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Carlos A Sanhueza
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Elisa Schrader Echeverri
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Kalina Paunovska
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Ananda R Podilapu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Minghao Xu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - James E Dahlman
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - M G Finn
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Su Y, Liu B, Huang Z, Teng Z, Yang L, Zhu J, Huo S, Liu A. Virus-like particles nanoreactors: from catalysis towards bio-applications. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:9084-9098. [PMID: 37697810 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01112g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are self-assembled supramolecular structures found in nature, often used for compartmentalization. Exploiting their inherent properties, including precise nanoscale structures, monodispersity, and high stability, these architectures have been widely used as nanocarriers to protect or enrich catalysts, facilitating catalytic reactions and avoiding interference from the bulk solutions. In this review, we summarize the current progress of virus-like particles (VLPs)-based nanoreactors. First, we briefly introduce the physicochemical properties of the most commonly used virus particles to understand their roles in catalytic reactions beyond the confined space. Next, we summarize the self-assembly of nanoreactors forming higher-order hierarchical structures, highlighting the emerging field of nanoreactors as artificial organelles and their potential biomedical applications. Finally, we discuss the current findings and future perspectives of VLPs-based nanoreactors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Su
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Beibei Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Zhenkun Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Zihao Teng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Liulin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research and High-Quality Utilization, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Shuaidong Huo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Aijie Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Keshavarz-Joud P, Zhao L, Bobe D, Hernandez C, Kopylov M, Yen LY, Djeddar N, Thompson B, Connors C, Gibson G, Bryksin A, Finn M. Exploring the Landscape of the PP7 Virus-like Particle for Peptide Display. ACS NANO 2023; 17:18470-18480. [PMID: 37669408 PMCID: PMC10540251 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembling virus-like particles (VLPs) can tolerate a wide degree of genetic and chemical manipulation to their capsid protein to display a foreign molecule polyvalently. We previously reported the successful incorporation of foreign peptide sequences in the junction loop and onto the C-terminus of PP7 dimer VLPs, as these regions are accessible for surface display on assembled capsids. Here, we report the implementation of a library-based approach to test the assembly tolerance of PP7 dimer capsid proteins to insertions or terminal extensions of randomized 15-mer peptide sequences. By performing two iterative rounds of assembly-based selection, we evaluated the degree of favorability of all 20 amino acids at each of the 15 randomized positions. Deep sequencing analysis revealed a distinct preference for the inclusion of hydrophilic peptides and negatively charged amino acids (Asp and Glu) and the exclusion of positively charged peptides and bulky and hydrophobic amino acid residues (Trp, Phe, Tyr, and Cys). Within the libraries tested here, we identified 4000 to 22,000 unique 15-mer peptide sequences that can successfully be displayed on the surface of the PP7 dimer capsid. Overall, the use of small initial libraries consisting of no more than a few million members yielded a significantly larger number of unique and assembly-competent VLP sequences than have been previously characterized for this class of nucleoprotein particle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Keshavarz-Joud
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30306, United States
| | - Liangjun Zhao
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30306, United States
| | - Daija Bobe
- New
York Structural Biology Center, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Carolina Hernandez
- New
York Structural Biology Center, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Mykhailo Kopylov
- New
York Structural Biology Center, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Laura Y. Yen
- New
York Structural Biology Center, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Naima Djeddar
- Parker
H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30306, United States
| | - Brianna Thompson
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30306, United States
| | - Caleb Connors
- School
of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30306, United States
| | - Greg Gibson
- School
of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30306, United States
| | - Anton Bryksin
- Parker
H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30306, United States
| | - M.G. Finn
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30306, United States
- School
of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30306, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Richardson A, L’Heureux SJ, Henry AM, McDonough EA, Fleischer CJ, McMullen CC, Reynafarje TR, Guerrero GP, Williams QE, Zhou Q, Malouf DM, Thurman SE, Soeller JE, Sheng JY, Medhurst EA, Canales AE, Cecil TB, Houk KN, Costanzo PJ, Bercovici DA. Experimental and Theoretical Exploration of the Kinetics and Thermodynamics of the Nucleophile-Induced Fragmentation of Ylidenenorbornadiene Carboxylates. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11683-11693. [PMID: 37535477 PMCID: PMC10442913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Ylidenenorbornadienes (YNDs), prepared by [4 + 2] cycloadditions between fulvenes and acetylene carboxylates, react with thiol nucleophiles to yield mixtures of four to eight diastereomers depending on the symmetry of the YND substrate. The mixtures of diastereomers fragment via a retro-[4 + 2] cycloaddition with a large variation in rate, with half-lives ranging from 16 to 11,000 min at 80 °C. The diastereomer-enriched samples of propane thiol adducts [YND-propanethiol (PTs)] were isolated and identified by nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) correlations. Simulated kinetics were used to extrapolate the rate constants of individual diastereomers from the observed rate data, and it correlated well with rate constants measured directly and from isolated diastereomer-enriched samples. The individual diastereomers of a model system fragment at differing rates with half-lives ranging from 5 to 44 min in CDCl3. Density functional theory calculations were performed to investigate the mechanism of fragmentation and support an asynchronous retro-[4 + 2] cycloaddition transition state. The computations generally correlated well with the observed free energies of activation for four diastereomers of the model system as a whole, within 2.6 kcal/mol. However, the observed order of the fragmentation rates across the set of diastereomers deviated from the computational results. YNDs display wide variability in the rate of fragmentation, dependent on the stereoelectronics of the ylidene substituents. A Hammett study showed that the electron-rich aromatic rings attached to the ylidene bridge increase the fragmentation rate, while electron-deficient systems slow fragmentation rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail
D. Richardson
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Scott J. L’Heureux
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Ava M. Henry
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. McDonough
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Cameron J. Fleischer
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Cameron C. McMullen
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Trevor R. Reynafarje
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Gisele P. Guerrero
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Quinn E. Williams
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Qingyang Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - David M. Malouf
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Spencer E. Thurman
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Julia E. Soeller
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Jerry Y. Sheng
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Erica A. Medhurst
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Angel E. Canales
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Ty B. Cecil
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Philip J. Costanzo
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Daniel A. Bercovici
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ikwuagwu B, Hartman E, Mills CE, Tullman-Ercek D. Systematic engineering of virus-like particles to identify self-assembly rules for shifting particle size. Virology 2023; 579:137-147. [PMID: 36669330 PMCID: PMC10776172 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are promising scaffolds for biomaterials as well as diagnostic and therapeutic applications. However, there are some key challenges to be solved, such as the ability to engineer alternate sizes for varied use cases. To this end, we created a library of MS2 VLP variants at two key residues in the coat protein which have been implicated as important to controlling VLP size and geometry. By adapting a method for systematic mutagenesis coupled with size-based selections and high-throughput sequencing as a readout, we developed a quantitative assessment of two residues in MS2 coat protein that govern the size shift in MS2 VLPs. We then applied the strategy to the equivalent residues in Qβ VLPs, an MS2 homolog, and demonstrate that the analogous pair of residues are also able to impact Qβ VLP size and shape. These results underscore the power of fitness landscapes in identifying critical features for assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bon Ikwuagwu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Technological Institute E136, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Emily Hartman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1460, USA
| | - Carolyn E Mills
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Technological Institute E136, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Danielle Tullman-Ercek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Technological Institute E136, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA; Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Technological Institute B486, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim SA, Lee Y, Ko Y, Kim S, Kim GB, Lee NK, Ahn W, Kim N, Nam GH, Lee EJ, Kim IS. Protein-based nanocages for vaccine development. J Control Release 2023; 353:767-791. [PMID: 36516900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Protein nanocages have attracted considerable attention in various fields of nanomedicine due to their intrinsic properties, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, high structural stability, and ease of modification of their surfaces and inner cavities. In vaccine development, these protein nanocages are suited for efficient targeting to and retention in the lymph nodes and can enhance immunogenicity through various mechanisms, including excellent uptake by antigen-presenting cells and crosslinking with multiple B cell receptors. This review highlights the superiority of protein nanocages as antigen delivery carriers based on their physiological and immunological properties such as biodistribution, immunogenicity, stability, and multifunctionality. With a focus on design, we discuss the utilization and efficacy of protein nanocages such as virus-like particles, caged proteins, and artificial caged proteins against cancer and infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In addition, we summarize available knowledge on the protein nanocages that are currently used in clinical trials and provide a general outlook on conventional distribution techniques and hurdles faced, particularly for therapeutic cancer vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong A Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Chemical & Biological Integrative Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeram Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeju Ko
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seohyun Kim
- Department of Research and Development, SHIFTBIO INC., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Beom Kim
- Department of Research and Development, SHIFTBIO INC., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Kyeong Lee
- Chemical & Biological Integrative Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonkyung Ahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayeon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Hoon Nam
- Department of Research and Development, SHIFTBIO INC., Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-San Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Chemical & Biological Integrative Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wijesundara YH, Herbert FC, Kumari S, Howlett T, Koirala S, Trashi O, Trashi I, Al-Kharji NM, Gassensmith JJ. Rip it, stitch it, click it: A Chemist's guide to VLP manipulation. Virology 2022; 577:105-123. [PMID: 36343470 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are some of nature's most ubiquitous self-assembled molecular containers. Evolutionary pressures have created some incredibly robust, thermally, and enzymatically resistant carriers to transport delicate genetic information safely. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are human-engineered non-infectious systems that inherit the parent virus' ability to self-assemble under controlled conditions while being non-infectious. VLPs and plant-based viral nanoparticles are becoming increasingly popular in medicine as their self-assembly properties are exploitable for applications ranging from diagnostic tools to targeted drug delivery. Understanding the basic structure and principles underlying the assembly of higher-order structures has allowed researchers to disassemble (rip it), reassemble (stitch it), and functionalize (click it) these systems on demand. This review focuses on the current toolbox of strategies developed to manipulate these systems by ripping, stitching, and clicking to create new technologies in the biomedical space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yalini H Wijesundara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Fabian C Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Sneha Kumari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Thomas Howlett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Shailendra Koirala
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Orikeda Trashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Ikeda Trashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Noora M Al-Kharji
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Jeremiah J Gassensmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sungsuwan S, Wu X, Shaw V, Kavunja H, McFall-Boegeman H, Rashidijahanabad Z, Tan Z, Lang S, Tahmasebi Nick S, Lin PH, Yin Z, Ramadan S, Jin X, Huang X. Structure Guided Design of Bacteriophage Qβ Mutants as Next Generation Carriers for Conjugate Vaccines. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:3047-3058. [PMID: 35142488 PMCID: PMC9363528 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are critical tools to treat and prevent diseases. For an effective conjugate vaccine, the carrier is crucial, but few carriers are available for clinical applications. In addition, a drawback of current protein carriers is that high levels of antibodies against the carrier are induced by the conjugate vaccine, which are known to interfere with the immune responses against the target antigen. To overcome these challenges, we obtained the near atomic resolution crystal structure of an emerging protein carrier, i.e., the bacteriophage Qβ virus like particle. On the basis of the detailed structural information, novel mutants of bacteriophage Qβ (mQβ) have been designed, which upon conjugation with tumor associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs), a class of important tumor antigens, elicited powerful anti-TACA IgG responses and yet produced lower levels of anticarrier antibodies as compared to those from the wild type Qβ-TACA conjugates. In a therapeutic model against an aggressive breast cancer in mice, 100% unimmunized mice succumbed to tumors in just 12 days even with chemotherapy. In contrast, 80% of mice immunized with the mQβ-TACA conjugate were completely free from tumors. Besides TACAs, to aid in the development of vaccines to protect against COVID-19, the mQβ based conjugate vaccine has been shown to induce high levels of IgG antibodies against peptide antigens from the SARS-CoV-2 virus, demonstrating its generality. Thus, mQβ is a promising next-generation carrier platform for conjugate vaccines, and structure-based rational design is a powerful strategy to develop new vaccine carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suttipun Sungsuwan
- Virology and Cell Technology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Xuanjun Wu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | | | - Herbert Kavunja
- Iaso Therapeutics Inc., 4942 Dawn Avenue, East Lansing, Michigan 48823, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sherif Ramadan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Qaliobiya 13518, Egypt
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hajebi S, Yousefiasl S, Rahimmanesh I, Dahim A, Ahmadi S, Kadumudi FB, Rahgozar N, Amani S, Kumar A, Kamrani E, Rabiee M, Borzacchiello A, Wang X, Rabiee N, Dolatshahi-Pirouz A, Makvandi P. Genetically Engineered Viral Vectors and Organic-Based Non-Viral Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2201583. [PMID: 35916145 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Conventional drug delivery systems are challenged by concerns related to systemic toxicity, repetitive doses, drug concentrations fluctuation, and adverse effects. Various drug delivery systems are developed to overcome these limitations. Nanomaterials are employed in a variety of biomedical applications such as therapeutics delivery, cancer therapy, and tissue engineering. Physiochemical nanoparticle assembly techniques involve the application of solvents and potentially harmful chemicals, commonly at high temperatures. Genetically engineered organisms have the potential to be used as promising candidates for greener, efficient, and more adaptable platforms for the synthesis and assembly of nanomaterials. Genetically engineered carriers are precisely designed and constructed in shape and size, enabling precise control over drug attachment sites. The high accuracy of these novel advanced materials, biocompatibility, and stimuli-responsiveness, elucidate their emerging application in controlled drug delivery. The current article represents the research progress in developing various genetically engineered carriers. Organic-based nanoparticles including cellulose, collagen, silk-like polymers, elastin-like protein, silk-elastin-like protein, and inorganic-based nanoparticles are discussed in detail. Afterward, viral-based carriers are classified, and their potential for targeted therapeutics delivery is highlighted. Finally, the challenges and prospects of these delivery systems are concluded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Hajebi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, 51335-1996, Iran
- Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, 51335-1996, Iran
| | - Satar Yousefiasl
- School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517838736, Iran
| | - Ilnaz Rahimmanesh
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran
| | - Alireza Dahim
- Department of Anesthesia, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, 61357-15794, Iran
| | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zabol, Sistan and Baluchestan, Zabol, 98613-35856, Iran
| | - Firoz Babu Kadumudi
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Nikta Rahgozar
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran
| | - Sanaz Amani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, 51335-1996, Iran
| | - Arun Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, 174 103, India
| | - Ehsan Kamrani
- Harvard-MIT Health Science and Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mohammad Rabiee
- Biomaterials Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran
| | - Assunta Borzacchiello
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, IPCB-CNR, Naples, 80125, Italy
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Navid Rabiee
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, South Korea
| | | | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Centre for Materials Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pontedera, Pisa, 56025, Italy
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang, 324000, China
- School of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan, 36716-41167, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cappelli L, Cinelli P, Giusti F, Ferlenghi I, Utrio-Lanfaloni S, Wahome N, Bottomley MJ, Maione D, Cozzi R. Self-assembling protein nanoparticles and virus like particles correctly display β-barrel from meningococcal factor H-binding protein through genetic fusion. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273322. [PMID: 36112575 PMCID: PMC9480994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant protein-based vaccines are a valid and safer alternative to traditional vaccines based on live-attenuated or killed pathogens. However, the immune response of subunit vaccines is generally lower compared to that elicited by traditional vaccines and usually requires the use of adjuvants. The use of self-assembling protein nanoparticles, as a platform for vaccine antigen presentation, is emerging as a promising approach to enhance the production of protective and functional antibodies. In this work we demonstrated the successful repetitive antigen display of the C-terminal β-barrel domain of factor H binding protein, derived from serogroup B Meningococcus on the surface of different self-assembling nanoparticles using genetic fusion. Six nanoparticle scaffolds were tested, including virus-like particles with different sizes, geometries, and physicochemical properties. Combining computational and structure-based rational design we were able generate antigen-fused scaffolds that closely aligned with three-dimensional structure predictions. The chimeric nanoparticles were produced as recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli and evaluated for solubility, stability, self-assembly, and antigen accessibility using a variety of biophysical methods. Several scaffolds were identified as being suitable for genetic fusion with the β-barrel from fHbp, including ferritin, a de novo designed aldolase from Thermotoga maritima, encapsulin, CP3 phage coat protein, and the Hepatitis B core antigen. In conclusion, a systematic screening of self-assembling nanoparticles has been applied for the repetitive surface display of a vaccine antigen. This work demonstrates the capacity of rational structure-based design to develop new chimeric nanoparticles and describes a strategy that can be utilized to discover new nanoparticle-based approaches in the search for vaccines against bacterial pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Cinelli
- University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- GSK, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mohsen MO, Bachmann MF. Virus-like particle vaccinology, from bench to bedside. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:993-1011. [PMID: 35962190 PMCID: PMC9371956 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00897-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) have become key tools in biology, medicine and even engineering. After their initial use to resolve viral structures at the atomic level, VLPs were rapidly harnessed to develop antiviral vaccines followed by their use as display platforms to generate any kind of vaccine. Most recently, VLPs have been employed as nanomachines to deliver pharmaceutically active products to specific sites and into specific cells in the body. Here, we focus on the use of VLPs for the development of vaccines with broad fields of indications ranging from classical vaccines against viruses to therapeutic vaccines against chronic inflammation, pain, allergy and cancer. In this review, we take a walk through time, starting with the latest developments in experimental preclinical VLP-based vaccines and ending with marketed vaccines, which earn billions of dollars every year, paving the way for the next wave of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines already visible on the horizon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona O Mohsen
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Immunology RIA, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Saiba Biotech AG, Bahnhofstr. 13, CH-8808, Pfaeffikon, Switzerland.
| | - Martin F Bachmann
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Immunology RIA, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mejía-Méndez JL, Vazquez-Duhalt R, Hernández LR, Sánchez-Arreola E, Bach H. Virus-like Particles: Fundamentals and Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8579. [PMID: 35955711 PMCID: PMC9369363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a fast-evolving field focused on fabricating nanoscale objects for industrial, cosmetic, and therapeutic applications. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are self-assembled nanoparticles whose intrinsic properties, such as heterogeneity, and highly ordered structural organization are exploited to prepare vaccines; imaging agents; construct nanobioreactors; cancer treatment approaches; or deliver drugs, genes, and enzymes. However, depending upon the intrinsic features of the native virus from which they are produced, the therapeutic performance of VLPs can vary. This review compiles the recent scientific literature about the fundamentals of VLPs with biomedical applications. We consulted different databases to present a general scenario about viruses and how VLPs are produced in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell lines to entrap therapeutic cargo. Moreover, the structural classification, morphology, and methods to functionalize the surface of VLPs are discussed. Finally, different characterization techniques required to examine the size, charge, aggregation, and composition of VLPs are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L. Mejía-Méndez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Santa Catarina Mártir s/n, Cholula 72810, Puebla, Mexico; (J.L.M.-M.); (L.R.H.); (E.S.-A.)
| | - Rafael Vazquez-Duhalt
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología UNAM, Km 107 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico;
| | - Luis R. Hernández
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Santa Catarina Mártir s/n, Cholula 72810, Puebla, Mexico; (J.L.M.-M.); (L.R.H.); (E.S.-A.)
| | - Eugenio Sánchez-Arreola
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Santa Catarina Mártir s/n, Cholula 72810, Puebla, Mexico; (J.L.M.-M.); (L.R.H.); (E.S.-A.)
| | - Horacio Bach
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
McFall-Boegeman H, Huang X. Mechanisms of cellular and humoral immunity through the lens of VLP-based vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:453-469. [PMID: 35023430 PMCID: PMC8960355 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2029415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccination can be effective defense against many infectious agents and the corresponding diseases. Discoveries elucidating the mechanisms of the immune system have given hopes to developing vaccines against diseases recalcitrant to current treatment/prevention strategies. One such finding is the ability of immunogenic biological nanoparticles to powerfully boost the immunogenicity of poorer antigens conjugated to them with virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines as a key example. VLPs take advantage of the well-defined molecular structures associated with sub-unit vaccines and the immunostimulatory nature of conjugate vaccines. AREAS COVERED In this review, we will discuss how advances in understanding the immune system can inform VLP-based vaccine design and how VLP-based vaccines have uncovered underlying mechanisms in the immune system. EXPERT OPINION As our understanding of mechanisms underlying the immune system increases, that knowledge should inform our vaccine design. Testing of proof-of-concept vaccines in the lab should seek to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of immune responses. The integration of these approaches will allow for VLP-based vaccines to live up to their promise as a powerful plug-and-play platform for next generation vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hunter McFall-Boegeman
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.,Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.,Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Webster E, Seiger KW, Core SB, Collar AL, Knapp-Broas H, Graham J, Shrestha M, Afzaal S, Geisler WM, Wheeler CM, Chackerian B, Frietze KM, Lijek RS. Immunogenicity and Protective Capacity of a Virus-like Particle Vaccine against Chlamydia trachomatis Type 3 Secretion System Tip Protein, CT584. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10010111. [PMID: 35062772 PMCID: PMC8779370 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective vaccine against Chlamydia trachomatis is urgently needed as infection rates continue to rise and C. trachomatis causes reproductive morbidity. An obligate intracellular pathogen, C. trachomatis employs a type 3 secretion system (T3SS) for host cell entry. The tip of the injectosome is composed of the protein CT584, which represents a potential target for neutralization with vaccine-induced antibody. Here, we investigate the immunogenicity and efficacy of a vaccine made of CT584 epitopes coupled to a bacteriophage virus-like particle (VLP), a novel platform for Chlamydia vaccines modeled on the success of HPV vaccines. Female mice were immunized intramuscularly, challenged transcervically with C. trachomatis, and assessed for systemic and local antibody responses and bacterial burden in the upper genital tract. Immunization resulted in a 3-log increase in epitope-specific IgG in serum and uterine homogenates and in the detection of epitope-specific IgG in uterine lavage at low levels. By contrast, sera from women infected with C. trachomatis and virgin controls had similarly low titers to CT584 epitopes, suggesting these epitopes are not systemically immunogenic during natural infection but can be rendered immunogenic by the VLP platform. C. trachomatis burden in the upper genital tract of mice varied after active immunization, yet passive protection was achieved when immune sera were pre-incubated with C. trachomatis prior to inoculation into the genital tract. These data demonstrate the potential for antibody against the T3SS to contribute to protection against C. trachomatis and the value of VLPs as a novel platform for C. trachomatis vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Everett Webster
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mount Holyoke College, 50 College St., South Hadley, MA 01075, USA; (E.W.); (K.W.S.); (H.K.-B.); (J.G.); (M.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Kyra W. Seiger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mount Holyoke College, 50 College St., South Hadley, MA 01075, USA; (E.W.); (K.W.S.); (H.K.-B.); (J.G.); (M.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Susan B. Core
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, MSC 08-4660, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (S.B.C.); (A.L.C.); (B.C.); (K.M.F.)
| | - Amanda L. Collar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, MSC 08-4660, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (S.B.C.); (A.L.C.); (B.C.); (K.M.F.)
| | - Hannah Knapp-Broas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mount Holyoke College, 50 College St., South Hadley, MA 01075, USA; (E.W.); (K.W.S.); (H.K.-B.); (J.G.); (M.S.); (S.A.)
| | - June Graham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mount Holyoke College, 50 College St., South Hadley, MA 01075, USA; (E.W.); (K.W.S.); (H.K.-B.); (J.G.); (M.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Muskan Shrestha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mount Holyoke College, 50 College St., South Hadley, MA 01075, USA; (E.W.); (K.W.S.); (H.K.-B.); (J.G.); (M.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Sarah Afzaal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mount Holyoke College, 50 College St., South Hadley, MA 01075, USA; (E.W.); (K.W.S.); (H.K.-B.); (J.G.); (M.S.); (S.A.)
| | - William M. Geisler
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 703 19th St. S, ZRB 242, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Cosette M. Wheeler
- Center for HPV Prevention, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC 08-4640, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Bryce Chackerian
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, MSC 08-4660, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (S.B.C.); (A.L.C.); (B.C.); (K.M.F.)
| | - Kathryn M. Frietze
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, MSC 08-4660, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (S.B.C.); (A.L.C.); (B.C.); (K.M.F.)
- Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, MSC 08-4635, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Rebeccah S. Lijek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mount Holyoke College, 50 College St., South Hadley, MA 01075, USA; (E.W.); (K.W.S.); (H.K.-B.); (J.G.); (M.S.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(413)-538-2487
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
A Novel Recombinant Virus-Like Particles Displaying B and T Cell Epitopes of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Offers Protective Immunity in Mice and Guinea Pigs. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9090980. [PMID: 34579217 PMCID: PMC8473392 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9090980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are non-replicative vectors for the delivery of heterologous epitopes and are considered one of the most potent inducers of cellular and humoral immune responses in mice and guinea pigs. In the present study, VLP-JEVe was constructed by the insertion of six Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) envelope protein epitopes into different surface loop regions of PPV VP2 by the substitution of specific amino acid sequences without altering the assembly of the virus; subsequently, the protective efficacy of this VLP-JEVe was evaluated against JEV challenge in mice and guinea pigs. Mice immunized with the VLP-JEVe antigen developed high titers of neutralizing antibodies and 100% protection against lethal JEV challenge. The neutralizing and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody responses were also induced in guinea pigs vaccinated with VLP-JEVe. In addition, immunization with VLP-JEVe in mice induced effective neutralizing antibodies and protective immunity against PPV (porcine parvovirus) challenge in guinea pigs. These studies suggest that VLP-JEVe produced as described here could be a potential candidate for vaccine development.
Collapse
|
20
|
Lalwani Prakash D, Gosavi S. Understanding the Folding Mediated Assembly of the Bacteriophage MS2 Coat Protein Dimers. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:8722-8732. [PMID: 34339197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The capsids of RNA viruses such as MS2 are great models for studying protein self-assembly because they are made almost entirely of multiple copies of a single coat protein (CP). Although CP is the minimal repeating unit of the capsid, previous studies have shown that CP exists as a homodimer (CP2) even in an acid-disassembled system, indicating that CP2 is an obligate dimer. Here, we investigate the molecular basis of this obligate dimerization using coarse-grained structure-based models and molecular dynamics simulations. We find that, unlike monomeric proteins of similar size, CP populates a single partially folded ensemble whose "foldedness" is sensitive to denaturing conditions. In contrast, CP2 folds similarly to single-domain proteins populating only the folded and the unfolded ensembles, separated by a prominent folding free energy barrier. Several intramonomer contacts form early, but the CP2 folding barrier is crossed only when the intermonomer contacts are made. A dissection of the structure of CP2 through mutant folding simulations shows that the folding barrier arises both from the topology of CP and the interface contacts of CP2. Together, our results show that CP2 is an obligate dimer because of kinetic stability, that is, dimerization induces a folding barrier and that makes it difficult for proteins in the dimer minimum to partially unfold and access the monomeric state without completely unfolding. We discuss the advantages of this obligate dimerization in the context of dimer design and virus stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Digvijay Lalwani Prakash
- Simons Centre for the Study of Living Machines, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560065, India
| | - Shachi Gosavi
- Simons Centre for the Study of Living Machines, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560065, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Martino ML, Crooke SN, Manchester M, Finn MG. Single-Point Mutations in Qβ Virus-like Particles Change Binding to Cells. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3332-3341. [PMID: 34251176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) constitute large, polyvalent platforms onto which a wide variety of functional units can be grafted. Their use in biological settings often depends on their specific binding to cells or receptors of interest; this can be compromised by excessive nonspecific association with other cells. We found that lysine residues mediate such nonspecific interactions, presumably by virtue of protonation and interaction with anionic membrane lipid headgroups and/or complementary residues of cell surface proteins and polysaccharides. Chemical acylation of surface-exposed amines of the Qβ VLP led to a significant reduction in the association of particles with mammalian cells. Single-point mutations of particular lysine residues to either glutamine, glutamic acid, tryptophan, or phenylalanine were mostly well-tolerated and formed intact capsids, but the introduction of double and triple mutants was far less forgiving. Introduction of glutamic acid at position 13 (K13E) led to a dramatic increase in cellular binding, whereas removal of the lysine at position 46 (K46Q) led to an equally striking reduction. Several plasma membrane components were found to specifically interact with the Qβ capsid irrespective of surface charge. These results suggest that specific cellular interactions are engaged or obviated by such mutations and provide us with more "benign" particles to which can be added binding functionality for targeted delivery applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa L Martino
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Stephen N Crooke
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Marianne Manchester
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - M G Finn
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.,School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hepatitis B core-based virus-like particles: A platform for vaccine development in plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 29:e00605. [PMID: 33732633 PMCID: PMC7937989 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are a class of structures formed by the self-assembly of viral capsid protein subunits and contain no infective viral genetic material. The Hepatitis B core (HBc) antigen is capable of assembling into VLPs that can elicit strong immune responses and has been licensed as a commercial vaccine against Hepatitis B. The HBc VLPs have also been employed as a platform for the presentation of foreign epitopes to the immune system and have been used to develop vaccines against, for example, influenza A and Foot-and-mouth disease. Plant expression systems are rapid, scalable and safe, and are capable of providing correct post-translational modifications and reducing upstream production costs. The production of HBc-based virus-like particles in plants would thus greatly increase the efficiency of vaccine production. This review investigates the application of plant-based HBc VLP as a platform for vaccine production.
Collapse
|
23
|
Chan SK, Du P, Ignacio C, Mehta S, Newton IG, Steinmetz NF. Biomimetic Virus-Like Particles as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Diagnostic Tools. ACS NANO 2021; 15:1259-1272. [PMID: 33237727 PMCID: PMC7724985 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly transmissible disease that has affected more than 90% of the countries worldwide. At least 17 million individuals have been infected, and some countries are still battling first or second waves of the pandemic. Nucleic acid tests, especially reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), have become the workhorse for early detection of COVID-19 infection. Positive controls for the molecular assays have been developed to validate each test and to provide high accuracy. However, most available positive controls require cold-chain distribution and cannot serve as full-process control. To overcome these shortcomings, we report the production of biomimetic virus-like particles (VLPs) as SARS-CoV-2 positive controls. A SARS-CoV-2 detection module for RT-PCR was encapsidated into VLPs from a bacteriophage and a plant virus. The chimeric VLPs were obtained either by in vivo reconstitution and coexpression of the target detection module and coat proteins or by in vitro assembly of purified detection module RNA sequences and coat proteins. These VLP-based positive controls mimic SARS-CoV-2 packaged ribonucleic acid (RNA) while being noninfectious. Most importantly, we demonstrated that the positive controls are scalable, stable, and can serve broadly as controls, from RNA extraction to PCR in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo Khim Chan
- Department of NanoEngineering,
Department of Medicine,
Department of Radiology,
Department of Bioengineering,
Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering,
Moores Cancer Center, Institute for
Materials Discovery and Design, and Veterans
Administration San Diego Healthcare System, University of
California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla,
California 92039, United States
| | - Pinyi Du
- Department of NanoEngineering,
Department of Medicine,
Department of Radiology,
Department of Bioengineering,
Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering,
Moores Cancer Center, Institute for
Materials Discovery and Design, and Veterans
Administration San Diego Healthcare System, University of
California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla,
California 92039, United States
| | - Caroline Ignacio
- Department of NanoEngineering,
Department of Medicine,
Department of Radiology,
Department of Bioengineering,
Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering,
Moores Cancer Center, Institute for
Materials Discovery and Design, and Veterans
Administration San Diego Healthcare System, University of
California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla,
California 92039, United States
| | - Sanjay Mehta
- Department of NanoEngineering,
Department of Medicine,
Department of Radiology,
Department of Bioengineering,
Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering,
Moores Cancer Center, Institute for
Materials Discovery and Design, and Veterans
Administration San Diego Healthcare System, University of
California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla,
California 92039, United States
| | - Isabel G. Newton
- Department of NanoEngineering,
Department of Medicine,
Department of Radiology,
Department of Bioengineering,
Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering,
Moores Cancer Center, Institute for
Materials Discovery and Design, and Veterans
Administration San Diego Healthcare System, University of
California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla,
California 92039, United States
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering,
Department of Medicine,
Department of Radiology,
Department of Bioengineering,
Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering,
Moores Cancer Center, Institute for
Materials Discovery and Design, and Veterans
Administration San Diego Healthcare System, University of
California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla,
California 92039, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Schudel A, Chapman AP, Yau MK, Higginson CJ, Francis DM, Manspeaker MP, Avecilla ARC, Rohner NA, Finn MG, Thomas SN. Programmable multistage drug delivery to lymph nodes. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 15:491-499. [PMID: 32523099 PMCID: PMC7305972 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-0679-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic delivery selectively to lymph nodes has the potential to address a variety of unmet clinical needs. However, owing to the unique structure of the lymphatics and the size-restrictive nature of the lymph node reticular network, delivering cargo to specific cells in the lymph node cortex and paracortex is difficult. Here, we describe a delivery system to overcome lymphatic and intra-lymph node transport barriers by combining nanoparticles that are rapidly conveyed to draining lymph nodes after administration in peripheral tissues with programmable degradable linkers. This platform enables the controlled release of intra-lymph-mobile small-molecular cargo, which can reach vastly more immune cells throughout the lymph node than either the particles or free compounds alone. The release rate can be programmed, allowing access to different lymph node structures and therefore specific lymphocyte subpopulations. We are thus able to alter the subtypes of drugged lymph node cells to improve immunotherapeutic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Schudel
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Asheley Poole Chapman
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mei-Kwan Yau
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cody James Higginson
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David Mark Francis
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Margaret Patricia Manspeaker
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexa Regina Chua Avecilla
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nathan Andrew Rohner
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M G Finn
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Susan Napier Thomas
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yao L, Li F, Qu M, Guo Y, Jiang Y, Wang L, Zhai Y. Development and Evaluation of a Novel Armored RNA Technology Using Bacteriophage Qβ. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2019; 11:383-392. [PMID: 31435846 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-019-09400-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne viruses are a global threat to food safety. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the most commonly used method to detect viral RNA in food. Armored RNA (AR) prepared using the MS2 phage system is a successful positive control for detecting foodborne viruses and is an important quality control process when using real-time RT-PCR. In this study, we report a novel technology for preparing AR using bacteriophage Qβ and compare its stability with AR prepared using the MS2 phage system for packaging norovirus detection target RNA. AR could be successfully and efficiently produced using the developed bacteriophage Qβ system. Two types of AR-AR-QNoV prepared using the Qβ system and AR-MNoV prepared using the MS2 system-were stored at different temperatures for different durations. After incubating at - 20 °C for 360 days, the copy numbers of AR-QNoV and AR-MNoV decreased by 8.9% and 35.9%, respectively. After incubating at 4 °C for 60 days, the copy numbers of AR-QNoV and AR-MNoV decreased by 12.0% and 38.9%, respectively. After incubating at 45 °C, the copy numbers of AR-QNoV decreased by 71.8% after 5 days, whereas those of AR-MNoV decreased by 92.9% after only 4 days. After 5 days, AR-MNoV could not be detected using real-time RT-PCR. There was a significant difference in copy numbers decrease rate between AR-QNoV and AR-MNoV at three different temperatures (P < 0.05 ). Therefore, AR prepared using the new bacteriophage Qβ system is more stable than the traditional AR, making the developed strategy a good candidate for AR preparation and quality control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yao
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengling Li
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Qu
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Guo
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lianzhu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiu Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Principles for enhancing virus capsid capacity and stability from a thermophilic virus capsid structure. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4471. [PMID: 31578335 PMCID: PMC6775164 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12341-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The capsids of double-stranded DNA viruses protect the viral genome from the harsh extracellular environment, while maintaining stability against the high internal pressure of packaged DNA. To elucidate how capsids maintain stability in an extreme environment, we use cryoelectron microscopy to determine the capsid structure of thermostable phage P74-26 to 2.8-Å resolution. We find P74-26 capsids exhibit an overall architecture very similar to those of other tailed bacteriophages, allowing us to directly compare structures to derive the structural basis for enhanced stability. Our structure reveals lasso-like interactions that appear to function like catch bonds. This architecture allows the capsid to expand during genome packaging, yet maintain structural stability. The P74-26 capsid has T = 7 geometry despite being twice as large as mesophilic homologs. Capsid capacity is increased with a larger, flatter major capsid protein. Given these results, we predict decreased icosahedral complexity (i.e. T ≤ 7) leads to a more stable capsid assembly. Viral capsids need to protect the genome against harsh environmental conditions and cope with high internal pressure from the packaged genome. Here, the authors determine the structure of the thermostable phage P74-26 capsid at 2.8-Å resolution and identify features underlying enhanced capsid capacity and structural stability.
Collapse
|
27
|
Crooke SN, Schimer J, Raji I, Wu B, Oyelere AK, Finn MG. Lung Tissue Delivery of Virus-Like Particles Mediated by Macrolide Antibiotics. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:2947-2955. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen N. Crooke
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ∥School of Biological Sciences, and §Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jiri Schimer
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ∥School of Biological Sciences, and §Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Idris Raji
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ∥School of Biological Sciences, and §Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Bocheng Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ∥School of Biological Sciences, and §Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Adegboyega K. Oyelere
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ∥School of Biological Sciences, and §Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - M. G. Finn
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ∥School of Biological Sciences, and §Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Luciano MP, Crooke SN, Nourian S, Dingle I, Nani RR, Kline G, Patel NL, Robinson CM, Difilippantonio S, Kalen JD, Finn MG, Schnermann MJ. A Nonaggregating Heptamethine Cyanine for Building Brighter Labeled Biomolecules. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:934-940. [PMID: 31030512 PMCID: PMC6528163 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Heptamethine cyanines
are broadly used for a range of near-infrared
imaging applications. As with many fluorophores, these molecules are
prone to forming nonemissive aggregates upon biomolecule conjugation.
Prior work has focused on persulfonation strategies, which only partially
address these issues. Here, we report a new set of peripheral substituents,
short polyethylene glycol chains on the indolenine nitrogens and a
substituted alkyl ether at the C4′ position, that provide exceptionally
aggregation-resistant fluorophores. These symmetrical molecules are
net-neutral, can be prepared in a concise sequence, and exhibit no
evidence of H-aggregation even at high labeling density when
appended to monoclonal antibodies or virus-like particles. The resulting
fluorophore–biomolecule conjugates exhibit exceptionally bright in vitro and in vivo signals when compared
to a conventional persulfonated heptamethine cyanine. Overall, these
efforts provide a new class of heptamethine cyanines with significant
utility for complex labeling applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Luciano
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Stephen N. Crooke
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Saghar Nourian
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Ivan Dingle
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Roger R. Nani
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Gabriel Kline
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Nimit L. Patel
- Small Animal Imaging Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Christina M. Robinson
- Animal Research Technical Support, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Simone Difilippantonio
- Animal Research Technical Support, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Joseph D. Kalen
- Small Animal Imaging Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - M. G. Finn
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Martin J. Schnermann
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chen MY, Butler SS, Chen W, Suh J. Physical, chemical, and synthetic virology: Reprogramming viruses as controllable nanodevices. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 11:e1545. [PMID: 30411529 PMCID: PMC6461522 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The fields of physical, chemical, and synthetic virology work in partnership to reprogram viruses as controllable nanodevices. Physical virology provides the fundamental biophysical understanding of how virus capsids assemble, disassemble, display metastability, and assume various configurations. Chemical virology considers the virus capsid as a chemically addressable structure, providing chemical pathways to modify the capsid exterior, interior, and subunit interfaces. Synthetic virology takes an engineering approach, modifying the virus capsid through rational, combinatorial, and bioinformatics-driven design strategies. Advances in these three subfields of virology aim to develop virus-based materials and tools that can be applied to solve critical problems in biomedicine and biotechnology, including applications in gene therapy and drug delivery, diagnostics, and immunotherapy. Examples discussed include mammalian viruses, such as adeno-associated virus (AAV), plant viruses, such as cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), and bacterial viruses, such as Qβ bacteriophage. Importantly, research efforts in physical, chemical, and synthetic virology have further unraveled the design principles foundational to the form and function of viruses. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan S Butler
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Weitong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Junghae Suh
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
- Systems, Synthetic, and Physical Biology Program, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhao L, Kopylov M, Potter CS, Carragher B, Finn MG. Engineering the PP7 Virus Capsid as a Peptide Display Platform. ACS NANO 2019; 13:4443-4454. [PMID: 30912918 PMCID: PMC6991139 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b09683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
As self-assembling polyvalent nanoscale structures that can tolerate substantial genetic and chemical modification, virus-like particles are useful in a variety of fields. Here we describe the genetic modification and structural characterization of the Leviviridae PP7 capsid protein as a platform for the presentation of functional polypeptides. This particle was shown to tolerate the display of sequences from 1 kDa (a cell penetrating peptide) to 14 kDa (the Fc-binding double Z-domain) on its exterior surface as C-terminal genetic fusions to the coat protein. In addition, a dimeric construct allowed the presentation of exogenous loops between capsid monomers and the simultaneous presentation of two different peptides at different positions on the icosahedral structure. The PP7 particle is thereby significantly more tolerant of these types of polypeptide additions than Qβ and MS2, the other Leviviridae-derived VLPs in common use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangjun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Mykhailo Kopylov
- National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, 89 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Clinton S. Potter
- National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, 89 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Bridget Carragher
- National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, 89 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - M. G. Finn
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dong Y, Ma T, Zhang X, Ying Q, Han M, Zhang M, Yang R, Li Y, Wang F, Liu R, Wu X. Incorporation of CD40 ligand or granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor into Hantaan virus (HTNV) virus-like particles significantly enhances the long-term immunity potency against HTNV infection. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:480-492. [PMID: 30657443 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hantavirus infections cause severe haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in humans and are associated with high fatality rates. In 2017, numerous outbreaks were reported in China and Germany. This represents a significant public-healthcare issue with no effective HFRS vaccines that offer a long-term immune response. In this study, we investigated the long-term humoral and cellular immune responses and protective immunity of Hantaan virus (HTNV) granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and CD40 ligand (CD40L) virus-like particles (VLPs) in mice. METHODOLOGY GM-CSF and CD40L VLPs were constructed via co-transfection of pCI-S and pCI-M-CD40L, and pCI-S and pCI-M-GM-CSF, into dihydrofolatereductase (dhfr)-deficient Chinese hamster ovary cells, respectively. Mice were immunized with HTNV VLPs 2 weeks apart. The animals were challenged 6 months after immunization. Specific and neutralizing antibodies were assessed by ELISA; IFN-γ was measured by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay and effectiveness by cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) cytotoxicity assays. Nucleic acid loads of HTNV were tested by quantitative real-time PCR and viral antigen was detected via indirect ELISA. Pathological alterations were detected via haematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS GM-CSF and CD40L VLPs provided stable, long-term protection with a high titre of neutralizing antibody in mice 6 months after immunization. Furthermore, VLPs increased HTNV-specific cellular immune responses via higher expression of IFN-γ and CTL responses. HTNV challenge assay results showed long-term protection against HFRS. No significant pathological alteration was observed in the organs of mice after immunization. CONCLUSION This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report demonstrating the long-term potency of HTNV VLP vaccines against HTNV infection and offers new insights into HTNV vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Dong
- 1Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Tiejun Ma
- 1Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- 1Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Qikang Ying
- 1Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Mingwei Han
- 2No. 1 Cadet Brigade, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Muqi Zhang
- 2No. 1 Cadet Brigade, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Rongjin Yang
- 2No. 1 Cadet Brigade, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yuan Li
- 2No. 1 Cadet Brigade, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Fang Wang
- 1Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Rongrong Liu
- 1Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xingan Wu
- 1Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wilson CJ, Bommarius AS, Champion JA, Chernoff YO, Lynn DG, Paravastu AK, Liang C, Hsieh MC, Heemstra JM. Biomolecular Assemblies: Moving from Observation to Predictive Design. Chem Rev 2018; 118:11519-11574. [PMID: 30281290 PMCID: PMC6650774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular assembly is a key driving force in nearly all life processes, providing structure, information storage, and communication within cells and at the whole organism level. These assembly processes rely on precise interactions between functional groups on nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and small molecules, and can be fine-tuned to span a range of time, length, and complexity scales. Recognizing the power of these motifs, researchers have sought to emulate and engineer biomolecular assemblies in the laboratory, with goals ranging from modulating cellular function to the creation of new polymeric materials. In most cases, engineering efforts are inspired or informed by understanding the structure and properties of naturally occurring assemblies, which has in turn fueled the development of predictive models that enable computational design of novel assemblies. This Review will focus on selected examples of protein assemblies, highlighting the story arc from initial discovery of an assembly, through initial engineering attempts, toward the ultimate goal of predictive design. The aim of this Review is to highlight areas where significant progress has been made, as well as to outline remaining challenges, as solving these challenges will be the key that unlocks the full power of biomolecules for advances in technology and medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corey J. Wilson
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Andreas S. Bommarius
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Julie A. Champion
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yury O. Chernoff
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology & Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - David G. Lynn
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Anant K. Paravastu
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Ming-Chien Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Heemstra
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Crooke SN, Zheng J, Ganewatta MS, Guldberg SM, Reineke TM, Finn M. Immunological Properties of Protein–Polymer Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 2:93-103. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jukuan Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mitra S. Ganewatta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | - Theresa M. Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Benjamin CE, Chen Z, Kang P, Wilson BA, Li N, Nielsen SO, Qin Z, Gassensmith JJ. Site-Selective Nucleation and Size Control of Gold Nanoparticle Photothermal Antennae on the Pore Structures of a Virus. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:17226-17233. [PMID: 30452248 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this Article, we show that the surface of the bacteriophage Qβ is equipped with natural ligands for the synthesis of small gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). By exploiting disulfides in the protein secondary structure and the geometry formed from the capsid quaternary structure, we find that we can produce regularly arrayed patterns of ∼6 nm AuNPs across the surface of the virus-like particle. Experimental and computational analyses provide insight into the formation and stability of this composite. We further show that the entrapped genetic material can hold upward of 500 molecules of the anticancer drug Doxorubicin without leaking and without interfering with the synthesis of the AuNPs. This direct nucleation of nanoparticles on the capsid allows for exceptional conduction of photothermal energy upon nanosecond laser irradiation. As a proof of principle, we demonstrate that this energy is capable of rapidly releasing the drug from the capsid without heating the bulk solution, allowing for highly targeted cell killing in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhenpeng Qin
- Department of Surgery , The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. , Dallas , Texas 75390 , United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hartman EC, Lobba MJ, Favor AH, Robinson SA, Francis MB, Tullman-Ercek D. Experimental Evaluation of Coevolution in a Self-Assembling Particle. Biochemistry 2018; 58:1527-1538. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Hartman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Marco J. Lobba
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Andrew H. Favor
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Stephanie A. Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Matthew B. Francis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Danielle Tullman-Ercek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Technological Institute E136, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3120, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jain A, Singh SK, Arya SK, Kundu SC, Kapoor S. Protein Nanoparticles: Promising Platforms for Drug Delivery Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:3939-3961. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annish Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Sumit K. Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Shailendra K. Arya
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Subhas C. Kundu
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs − Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sonia Kapoor
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida 201 313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nanoreactors: Strategies to encapsulate enzyme biocatalysts in virus-like particles. N Biotechnol 2018; 44:59-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
38
|
Fiedler JD, Fishman MR, Brown SD, Lau J, Finn MG. Multifunctional Enzyme Packaging and Catalysis in the Qβ Protein Nanoparticle. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:3945-3957. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason D. Fiedler
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Maxwell R. Fishman
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Steven D. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jolene Lau
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - M. G. Finn
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Choi JM, Bourassa V, Hong K, Shoga M, Lim EY, Park A, Apaydin K, Udit AK. Polyvalent Hybrid Virus-Like Nanoparticles with Displayed Heparin Antagonist Peptides. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2997-3004. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin M. Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | - Valerie Bourassa
- Department of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | - Kevin Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | - Michael Shoga
- Department of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | - Elizabeth Y. Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | - Andrew Park
- Department of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | - Kazim Apaydin
- Department of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | - Andrew K. Udit
- Department of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chen Z, Detvo ST, Pham E, Gassensmith JJ. Making Conjugation-induced Fluorescent PEGylated Virus-like Particles by Dibromomaleimide-disulfide Chemistry. J Vis Exp 2018:57712. [PMID: 29889200 PMCID: PMC6101432 DOI: 10.3791/57712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent rise in virus-like particles (VLPs) in biomedical and materials research can be attributed to their ease of biosynthesis, discrete size, genetic programmability, and biodegradability. While they're highly amenable to bioconjugation reactions for adding synthetic ligands onto their surface, the range in bioconjugation methodologies on these aqueous born capsids is relatively limited. To facilitate the direction of functional biomaterials research, non-traditional bioconjugation reactions must be considered. The reaction described in this protocol uses dibromomaleimides to introduce new functionality in the solvent exposed disulfide bonds of a VLP based upon Bacteriophage Qβ. Furthermore, the final product is fluorescent, which has the added benefit of generating a trackable in vitro probe using a commercially available filter set.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas
| | | | - Elizabeth Pham
- Undergraduate Healthcare Studies, University of Texas at Dallas
| | - Jeremiah J Gassensmith
- Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas;
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
The exciting potential of modular nanoparticles for rapid development of highly effective vaccines. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
42
|
Abstract
Virus-like particle (VLP) technologies are based on virus-inspired artificial structures and the intrinsic ability of viral proteins to self-assemble at controlled conditions. Therefore, the basic knowledge about the mechanisms of viral particle formation is highly important for designing of industrial applications. As an alternative to genetic and chemical processes, different physical methods are frequently used for VLP construction, including well characterized protein complexes for introduction of foreign molecules in VLP structures.This chapter shortly discusses the mechanisms how the viruses form their perfectly ordered structures as well as the principles and most interesting application examples, how to exploit the structural and assembly/disassembly properties of viral structures for creation of new nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andris Zeltins
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Brown SD. Multivalent Display Using Hybrid Virus Nanoparticles. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1798:119-140. [PMID: 29868956 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7893-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many important biological interactions are multivalent and often sensitive to spatial organization. Nonenveloped viruses are a natural source of scaffolds for building multivalent ligands to probe these types of interactions which avoid complex synthetic schemes required for other types of scaffolds. The coat protein (CP) of bacteriophage Qβ can be fused to protein domains and coexpressed with the unfused CP to produce hybrid nanoparticles with high exterior loading of xenogenic protein domains. These hybrid nanoparticles are simple to produce in large quantity. Starting from cDNAs for the virus CP and a codon-optimized ligand domain of interest, bulk purification can be completed in as little as 3 weeks. Major phases of the work involve the cloning of cDNAs into plasmid vectors, test expressions for hybrid nanoparticle formation, and purification by selective precipitation and ultracentrifugation. For uncomplicated protein domains, laboratory culture yields as high as 50 mg/L and 30 protein domains per particle have been routinely achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Brown
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Fang PY, Bowman JC, Gómez Ramos L, Hsiao C, Williams LD. RNA: packaged and protected by VLPs. RSC Adv 2018; 8:21399-21406. [PMID: 35539947 PMCID: PMC9080931 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
VLP packaging is most efficient for compact RNA, and protects RNA against assault by small diffusible damaging agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yu Fang
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Jessica C. Bowman
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Lizzette M. Gómez Ramos
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
| | - Chiaolong Hsiao
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Republic of China
| | - Loren Dean Williams
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Moura AP, Santos LCB, Brito CRN, Valencia E, Junqueira C, Filho AAP, Sant’Anna MRV, Gontijo NF, Bartholomeu DC, Fujiwara RT, Gazzinelli RT, McKay CS, Sanhueza CA, Finn MG, Marques AF. Virus-like Particle Display of the α-Gal Carbohydrate for Vaccination against Leishmania Infection. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2017; 3:1026-1031. [PMID: 28979944 PMCID: PMC5620979 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Secreted and surface-displayed carbohydrates are essential for virulence and viability of many parasites, including for immune system evasion. We have identified the α-Gal trisaccharide epitope on the surface of the protozoan parasites Leishmania infantum and Leishmania amazonensis, the etiological agents of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis, respectively, with the latter bearing larger amounts of α-Gal than the former. A polyvalent α-Gal conjugate on the immunogenic Qβ virus-like particle was tested as a vaccine against Leishmania infection in a C57BL/6 α-galactosyltransferase knockout mouse model, which mimics human hosts in producing high titers of anti-α-Gal antibodies. As expected, α-Gal-T knockout mice infected with promastigotes of both Leishmania species showed significantly lower parasite load in the liver and slightly decreased levels in the spleen, compared with wild-type mice. Vaccination with Qβ-α-Gal nanoparticles protected the knockout mice against Leishmania challenge, eliminating the infection and proliferation of parasites in the liver and spleen as probed by qPCR. The α-Gal epitope may therefore be considered as a vaccine candidate to block human cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Paula
V. Moura
- Instituto
de Ciencias Biologicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiza C. B. Santos
- Instituto
de Ciencias Biologicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ramon Nascimento Brito
- Instituto
de Ciencias Biologicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Edward Valencia
- Instituto
de Ciencias Biologicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Caroline Junqueira
- Instituto
de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adalberto A. P. Filho
- Instituto
de Ciencias Biologicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mauricio R. V. Sant’Anna
- Instituto
de Ciencias Biologicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nelder F. Gontijo
- Instituto
de Ciencias Biologicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniella C. Bartholomeu
- Instituto
de Ciencias Biologicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo T. Fujiwara
- Instituto
de Ciencias Biologicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo T. Gazzinelli
- Instituto
de Ciencias Biologicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Craig S. McKay
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Carlos A. Sanhueza
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - M. G. Finn
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Alexandre Ferreira Marques
- Instituto
de Ciencias Biologicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mohsen MO, Zha L, Cabral-Miranda G, Bachmann MF. Major findings and recent advances in virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines. Semin Immunol 2017; 34:123-132. [PMID: 28887001 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) have made giant strides in the field of vaccinology over the last three decades. VLPs constitute versatile tools in vaccine development due to their favourable immunological characteristics such as their size, repetitive surface geometry, ability to induce both innate and adaptive immune responses as well as being safe templates with favourable economics. Several VLP-based vaccines are commercially available including vaccines against Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) such as Cervarix®, Gardasil® & Gardasil9® and Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) including the 3rd generation Sci-B-Vac™. In addition, the first licensed malaria-VLP-based vaccine Mosquirix™ has been recently approved by the European regulators. Several other VLP-based vaccines are currently undergoing preclinical and clinical development. This review summarizes some of the major findings and recent advances in VLP-based vaccine development and technologies and outlines general principles that may be harnessed for induction of targeted immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona O Mohsen
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Dr, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Qatar Foundation, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Lisha Zha
- Inselspital, Universitatsklinik RIA, Immunologie, Sahlihaus 1, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Martin F Bachmann
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Dr, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Inselspital, Universitatsklinik RIA, Immunologie, Sahlihaus 1, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chen Z, Boyd SD, Calvo JS, Murray KW, Mejia GL, Benjamin CE, Welch RP, Winkler DD, Meloni G, D'Arcy S, Gassensmith JJ. Fluorescent Functionalization across Quaternary Structure in a Virus-like Particle. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:2277-2283. [PMID: 28787574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proteinaceous nanomaterials and, in particular, virus-like particles (VLPs) have emerged as robust and uniform platforms that are seeing wider use in biomedical research. However, there are a limited number of bioconjugation reactions for functionalizing the capsids, and very few of those involve functionalization across the supramolecular quaternary structure of protein assemblies. In this work, we exploit the recently described dibromomaleimide moiety as part of a bioconjugation strategy on VLP Qβ to break and rebridge the exposed and structurally important disulfides in good yields. Not only was the stability of the quaternary structure retained after the reaction, but the newly functionalized particles also became brightly fluorescent and could be tracked in vitro using a commercially available filter set. Consequently, we show that this highly efficient bioconjugation reaction not only introduces a new functional handle "between" the disulfides of VLPs without compromising their thermal stability but also can be used to create a fluorescent probe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, and §School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Stefanie D Boyd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, and §School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Jenifer S Calvo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, and §School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Kyle W Murray
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, and §School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Galo L Mejia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, and §School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Candace E Benjamin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, and §School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Raymond P Welch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, and §School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Duane D Winkler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, and §School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Gabriele Meloni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, and §School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Sheena D'Arcy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, and §School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Jeremiah J Gassensmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, and §School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Leung RC, Robinson MDM, Ajabali AAA, Karunanithy G, Lyons B, Raj R, Raoufmoghaddam S, Mohammed S, Claridge TDW, Baldwin AJ, Davis BG. Monitoring the Disassembly of Virus-like Particles by 19F-NMR. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:5277-5280. [PMID: 28350443 PMCID: PMC5425944 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are stable protein cages derived from virus coats. They have been used extensively as biomolecular platforms, e.g., nanocarriers or vaccines, but a convenient in situ technique is lacking for tracking functional status. Here, we present a simple way to monitor disassembly of 19F-labeled VLPs derived from bacteriophage Qβ by 19F NMR. Analysis of resonances, under a range of conditions, allowed determination not only of the particle as fully assembled but also as disassembled, as well as detection of a degraded state upon digestion by cells. This in turn allowed mutational redesign of disassembly and testing in both bacterial and mammalian systems as a strategy for the creation of putative, targeted-VLP delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alaa A. A. Ajabali
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United
Kingdom
| | - Gogulan Karunanithy
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United
Kingdom
| | - Brian Lyons
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United
Kingdom
| | - Ritu Raj
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United
Kingdom
| | - Saeed Raoufmoghaddam
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United
Kingdom
| | - Shabaz Mohammed
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United
Kingdom
| | - Timothy D. W. Claridge
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United
Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Baldwin
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United
Kingdom
| | - Benjamin G. Davis
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United
Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Jeong H, Seong BL. Exploiting virus-like particles as innovative vaccines against emerging viral infections. J Microbiol 2017; 55:220-230. [PMID: 28243941 PMCID: PMC7090582 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-017-7058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Emerging viruses pose a major threat to humans and livestock with global public health and economic burdens. Vaccination remains an effective tool to reduce this threat, and yet, the conventional cell culture often fails to produce sufficient vaccine dose. As an alternative to cell-culture based vaccine, virus-like particles (VLPs) are considered as a highpriority vaccine strategy against emerging viruses. VLPs represent highly ordered repetitive structures via macromolecular assemblies of viral proteins. The particulate nature allows efficient uptake into antigen presenting cells stimulating both innate and adaptive immune responses towards enhanced vaccine efficacy. Increasing research activity and translation opportunity necessitate the advances in the design of VLPs and new bioprocessing modalities for efficient and cost-effective production. Herein, we describe major achievements and challenges in this endeavor, with respect to designing strategies to harnessing the immunogenic potential, production platforms, downstream processes, and some exemplary cases in developing VLP-based vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hotcherl Jeong
- Department of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Baik Lin Seong
- Department of Biotechnology & Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhang L, Qiu W, Crooke S, Li Y, Abid A, Xu B, Finn M, Lin F. Development of Autologous C5 Vaccine Nanoparticles to Reduce Intravascular Hemolysis in Vivo. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:539-547. [PMID: 28045484 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The complement system is emerging as a new target for treating many diseases. For example, Eculizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against complement component 5 (C5), has been approved for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) in which patient erythrocytes are lysed by complement. In this study, we developed vaccines to elicit autologous anti-C5 antibody production in mice for complement inhibition. Immunization of mice with a conservative C5 xenoprotein raised high titers of IgG's against the xenogenous C5, but these antibodies did not reduce C5 activity in the blood. In contrast, an autologous mouse C5 vaccine containing multiple predicted epitopes together with a tolerance-breaking peptide was found to induce anti-C5 autoantibody production in vivo, resulting in decreased hemolytic activity in the blood. We further validated a peptide epitope within this C5 vaccine and created recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) displaying this epitope fused with the tolerance breaking peptide. Immunizing mice with these novel nanoparticles elicited strong humoral responses against recombinant mouse C5, reduced hemolytic activity, and protected the mice from complement-mediated intravascular hemolysis in a model of PNH. This proof-of-concept study demonstrated that autologous C5-based vaccines could be an effective alternative or supplement for treating complement-mediated diseases such as PNH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Zhang
- Department
of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Wen Qiu
- Department
of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Stephen Crooke
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Yan Li
- Department
of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Areeba Abid
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
| | - M.G. Finn
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Feng Lin
- Department
of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| |
Collapse
|