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Hassan LF, Sen R, O'Shea TM. Trehalose-based coacervates for local bioactive protein delivery to the central nervous system. Biomaterials 2024; 309:122594. [PMID: 38701641 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Therapeutic outcomes of local biomolecule delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) using bulk biomaterials are limited by inadequate drug loading, neuropil disruption, and severe foreign body responses. Effective CNS delivery requires addressing these issues and developing well-tolerated, highly-loaded carriers that are dispersible within local neural parenchyma. Here, we synthesized biodegradable trehalose-based polyelectrolyte oligomers using facile A2:B3:AR thiol-ene Michael addition reactions that form complex coacervates upon mixing of oppositely charged oligomers. Coacervates permit high concentration loading and controlled release of bioactive growth factors, enzymes, and antibodies, with modular formulation parameters that confer tunable release kinetics. Coacervates are cytocompatible with cultured neural cells in vitro and can be formulated to either direct intracellular protein delivery or sequester media containing proteins and remain extracellular. Coacervates serve as effective vehicles for precisely delivering biomolecules, including bioactive neurotrophins, to the mouse striatum following intraparenchymal injection. These results support the use of trehalose-based coacervates as part of therapeutic protein delivery strategies for CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laboni F Hassan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215-2407, USA
| | - Riya Sen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215-2407, USA
| | - Timothy M O'Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215-2407, USA.
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2
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Pepelnjak M, Velten B, Näpflin N, von Rosen T, Palmiero UC, Ko JH, Maynard HD, Arosio P, Weber-Ban E, de Souza N, Huber W, Picotti P. In situ analysis of osmolyte mechanisms of proteome thermal stabilization. Nat Chem Biol 2024; 20:1053-1065. [PMID: 38424171 PMCID: PMC11288892 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-024-01568-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Organisms use organic molecules called osmolytes to adapt to environmental conditions. In vitro studies indicate that osmolytes thermally stabilize proteins, but mechanisms are controversial, and systematic studies within the cellular milieu are lacking. We analyzed Escherichia coli and human protein thermal stabilization by osmolytes in situ and across the proteome. Using structural proteomics, we probed osmolyte effects on protein thermal stability, structure and aggregation, revealing common mechanisms but also osmolyte- and protein-specific effects. All tested osmolytes (trimethylamine N-oxide, betaine, glycerol, proline, trehalose and glucose) stabilized many proteins, predominantly via a preferential exclusion mechanism, and caused an upward shift in temperatures at which most proteins aggregated. Thermal profiling of the human proteome provided evidence for intrinsic disorder in situ but also identified potential structure in predicted disordered regions. Our analysis provides mechanistic insight into osmolyte function within a complex biological matrix and sheds light on the in situ prevalence of intrinsically disordered regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Pepelnjak
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Britta Velten
- Division of Computational Genomics and Systems Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) & Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Näpflin
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tatjana von Rosen
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Umberto Capasso Palmiero
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jeong Hoon Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Heather D Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paolo Arosio
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eilika Weber-Ban
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Natalie de Souza
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Huber
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biological Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paola Picotti
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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3
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Kul E, Stork O. Trehalose consumption ameliorates pathogenesis in an inducible mouse model of the Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:826-835. [PMID: 37776526 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2261682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose is a naturally occurring sugar found in various food and pharmaceutical preparations with the ability to enhance cellular proteostasis and reduce the formation of toxic intracellular protein aggregates, making it a promising therapeutic candidate for various neurodegenerative disorders. OBJECTIVES Here, we explored the effectiveness of nutritional trehalose supplementation in ameliorating symptoms in a mouse model of Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), an incurable late onset manifestation of moderately expanded trinucleotide CGG repeat expansion mutations in the 5' untranslated region of the fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 gene (FMR1). METHODS An inducible mouse model of FXTAS expressing 90 CGG repeats in the brain had been previously developed, which faithfully captures hallmarks of the disorder, the formation of intracellular inclusions, and the disturbance of motor function. Taking advantage of the inducible nature of the model, we investigated the therapeutic potential of orally administered trehalose under two regimens, modelling disease prevention and disease treatment. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Trehalose's effectiveness in combating protein aggregation is frequently attributed to its ability to induce autophagy. Accordingly, trehalose supplementation under the prevention regimen ameliorated the formation of intranuclear inclusions and improved the motor deficiencies resulting from the induced expression of 90 CGG repeats, but it failed to reverse the existing nuclear pathology as a treatment strategy. Given the favorable safety profile of trehalose, it is promising to further explore the potential of this agent for early stage FXTAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Kul
- Department of Genetics & Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Stork
- Department of Genetics & Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
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4
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Hribar-Lee B, Lukšič M. Biophysical Principles Emerging from Experiments on Protein-Protein Association and Aggregation. Annu Rev Biophys 2024; 53:1-18. [PMID: 37906740 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-030722-111729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Protein-protein association and aggregation are fundamental processes that play critical roles in various biological phenomena, from cellular signaling to disease progression. Understanding the underlying biophysical principles governing these processes is crucial for elucidating their mechanisms and developing strategies for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we provide an overview of recent experimental studies focused on protein-protein association and aggregation. We explore the key biophysical factors that influence these processes, including protein structure, conformational dynamics, and intermolecular interactions. We discuss the effects of environmental conditions such as temperature, pH and related buffer-specific effects, and ionic strength and related ion-specific effects on protein aggregation. The effects of polymer crowders and sugars are also addressed. We list the techniques used to study aggregation. We analyze emerging trends and challenges in the field, including the development of computational models and the integration of multidisciplinary approaches for a comprehensive understanding of protein-protein association and aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hribar-Lee
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Miha Lukšič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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5
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Bianco S, Hasan M, Ahmad A, Richards SJ, Dietrich B, Wallace M, Tang Q, Smith AJ, Gibson MI, Adams DJ. Mechanical release of homogenous proteins from supramolecular gels. Nature 2024; 631:544-548. [PMID: 39020036 PMCID: PMC11254749 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07580-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
A long-standing challenge is how to formulate proteins and vaccines to retain function during storage and transport and to remove the burdens of cold-chain management. Any solution must be practical to use, with the protein being released or applied using clinically relevant triggers. Advanced biologic therapies are distributed cold, using substantial energy, limiting equitable distribution in low-resource countries and placing responsibility on the user for correct storage and handling. Cold-chain management is the best solution at present for protein transport but requires substantial infrastructure and energy. For example, in research laboratories, a single freezer at -80 °C consumes as much energy per day as a small household1. Of biological (protein or cell) therapies and all vaccines, 75% require cold-chain management; the cost of cold-chain management in clinical trials has increased by about 20% since 2015, reflecting this complexity. Bespoke formulations and excipients are now required, with trehalose2, sucrose or polymers3 widely used, which stabilize proteins by replacing surface water molecules and thereby make denaturation thermodynamically less likely; this has enabled both freeze-dried proteins and frozen proteins. For example, the human papilloma virus vaccine requires aluminium salt adjuvants to function, but these render it unstable against freeze-thaw4, leading to a very complex and expensive supply chain. Other ideas involve ensilication5 and chemical modification of proteins6. In short, protein stabilization is a challenge with no universal solution7,8. Here we designed a stiff hydrogel that stabilizes proteins against thermal denaturation even at 50 °C, and that can, unlike present technologies, deliver pure, excipient-free protein by mechanically releasing it from a syringe. Macromolecules can be loaded at up to 10 wt% without affecting the mechanism of release. This unique stabilization and excipient-free release synergy offers a practical, scalable and versatile solution to enable the low-cost, cold-chain-free and equitable delivery of therapies worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bianco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Muhammad Hasan
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Sarah-Jane Richards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Bart Dietrich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Matthew Wallace
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Qiao Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Andrew J Smith
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Dave J Adams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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6
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Park J, Liu R, Kim AS, Cyr NN, Boehlein SK, Resende MFR, Savin DA, Bailey LS, Sumerlin BS, Hudalla GA. Sweet corn phytoglycogen dendrimers as a lyoprotectant for dry-state protein storage. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024. [PMID: 38856491 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Protein biotherapeutics typically require expensive cold-chain storage to maintain their fold and function. Packaging proteins in the dry state via lyophilization can reduce these cold-chain requirements. However, formulating proteins for lyophilization often requires extensive optimization of excipients that both maintain the protein folded state during freezing and drying (i.e., "cryoprotection" and "lyoprotection"), and form a cake to carry the dehydrated protein. Here we show that sweet corn phytoglycogens, which are glucose dendrimers, can act as both a protein lyoprotectant and a cake-forming agent. Phytoglycogen (PG) dendrimers from 16 different maize sources (PG1-16) were extracted via ethanol precipitation. PG size was generally consistent at ~70-100 nm for all variants, whereas the colloidal stability in water, protein contaminant level, and maximum density of cytocompatibility varied for PG1-16. 10 mg/mL PG1, 2, 9, 13, 15, and 16 maintained the activity of various proteins, including green fluorescent protein, lysozyme, β-galactosidase, and horseradish peroxidase, over a broad range of concentrations, through multiple rounds of lyophilization. PG13 was identified as the lead excipient candidate as it demonstrated narrow dispersity, colloidal stability in phosphate-buffered saline, low protein contaminants, and cytocompatibility up to 10 mg/mL in NIH3T3 cell cultures. All dry protein-PG13 mixtures had a cake-like appearance and all frozen protein-PG13 mixtures had a Tg' of ~ -26°C. The lyoprotection and cake-forming properties of PG13 were density-dependent, requiring a minimum density of 5 mg/mL for maximum activity. Collectively these data establish PG dendrimers as a new class of excipient to formulate proteins in the dry state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junha Park
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Renjie Liu
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Alexander S Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Noah N Cyr
- Polymer Chemical Characterization Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Susan K Boehlein
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Marcio F R Resende
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel A Savin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Polymer Chemical Characterization Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Laura S Bailey
- Polymer Chemical Characterization Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Brent S Sumerlin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Polymer Chemical Characterization Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Gregory A Hudalla
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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7
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Shi M, McHugh KJ. Strategies for overcoming protein and peptide instability in biodegradable drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114904. [PMID: 37263542 PMCID: PMC10526705 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The global pharmaceutical market has recently shifted its focus from small molecule drugs to peptide, protein, and nucleic acid drugs, which now comprise a majority of the top-selling pharmaceutical products on the market. Although these biologics often offer improved drug specificity, new mechanisms of action, and/or enhanced efficacy, they also present new challenges, including an increased potential for degradation and a need for frequent administration via more invasive administration routes, which can limit patient access, patient adherence, and ultimately the clinical impact of these drugs. Controlled-release systems have the potential to mitigate these challenges by offering superior control over in vivo drug levels, localizing these drugs to tissues of interest (e.g., tumors), and reducing administration frequency. Unfortunately, adapting controlled-release devices to release biologics has proven difficult due to the poor stability of biologics. In this review, we summarize the current state of controlled-release peptides and proteins, discuss existing techniques used to stabilize these drugs through encapsulation, storage, and in vivo release, and provide perspective on the most promising opportunities for the clinical translation of controlled-release peptides and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miusi Shi
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Kevin J McHugh
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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8
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Mandal S, Jana D, Dolai J, Sarkar AK, Ghorai BK, Jana NR. Biodegradable Poly(trehalose) Nanoparticle for Preventing Amyloid Beta Aggregation and Related Neurotoxicity. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023. [PMID: 37167565 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose is a disaccharide that is capable of inhibiting protein aggregation and activating cellular autophagy. It has been shown that a polymer or nanoparticle form, terminated with multiple trehalose units, can significantly enhance the anti-amyloidogenic performance and is suitable for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we report a trehalose-conjugated polycarbonate-co-lactide polymer and formulation of its nanoparticles having multiple numbers of trehalose exposed on the surface. The resultant poly(trehalose) nanoparticle inhibits the aggregation of amyloid beta peptides and disintegrates matured amyloid fibrils into smaller fragments. Moreover, the poly(trehalose) nanoparticle lowers extracellular amyloid β oligomer-driven cellular stress and enhances cell viability. The presence of biodegradable polycarbonate components in the poly(trehalose) nanoparticle would enhance their application potential as an anti-amyloidogenic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Mandal
- School of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Debabrata Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Rahara, West Bengal 700118, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Jayanta Dolai
- School of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Ankan Kumar Sarkar
- School of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Binay K Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Nikhil R Jana
- School of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
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9
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Hu Y, Liu X, Liu F, Xie J, Zhu Q, Tan S. Trehalose in Biomedical Cryopreservation-Properties, Mechanisms, Delivery Methods, Applications, Benefits, and Problems. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:1190-1204. [PMID: 36779397 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Cells and tissues are the foundation of translational medicine. At present, one of the main technological obstacles is their preservation for long-term usage while maintaining adequate viability and function. Optimized storage techniques must be developed to make them safer to use in the clinic. Cryopreservation is the most common long-term preservation method to maintain the vitality and function of cells and tissues. But, the formation of ice crystals in cells and tissues is considered to be the main mechanism that could harm cells and tissues during freezing and thawing. To reduce the formation of ice crystals, cryoprotective agents (CPAs) must be added to the cells and tissues to achieve the cryoprotective effect. However, conventional cryopreservation of cells and tissues often needs to use toxic organic solvents as CPAs. As a result, cryopreserved cells and tissues may need to go through a time-consuming washing process to remove CPAs for further applications in translational medicine, and multiple valuable cells are potentially lost or killed. Currently, trehalose has been researched as a nontoxic CPA due to its cryoprotective ability and stability during cryopreservation. Nevertheless, trehalose is a nonpermeable CPA, and the lack of an effective intracellular trehalose delivery method has become the main obstacle to its use in cryopreservation. This article illustrated the properties, mechanisms, delivery methods, and applications of trehalose, summarized the benefits and limits of trehalose, and summed up the findings and research direction of trehalose in biomedical cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Hu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xiangjian Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Fenglin Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Jingxian Xie
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Qubo Zhu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Songwen Tan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
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10
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Messina KMM, Woys AM. Random Heteropolymer Excipients Improve the Colloidal Stability of a Monoclonal Antibody for Subcutaneous Administration. Pharm Res 2023; 40:525-536. [PMID: 36380169 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03436-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Developing stable high concentration monoclonal antibody (mAb) formulations is increasingly important to move toward subcutaneous (SC) administration for better patient experience. Challenges stemming from protein-protein interactions in these crowded solutions, such as colloidal instability, limit the feasibility of some formulations because of concerns of safety, product quality, and/or manufacturability. Herein, we report novel random heteropolymer excipients that improve the colloidal stability of a high concentration mAb formulation for SC administration. METHODS A library of polymers was synthesized and screened by a high-throughput, absorbance-based assay. The lead polymers were selected and characterized for their ability to alter the precipitation kinetics of a mAb in physiologically relevant conditions using two model systems. RESULTS Biophysical testing via surface tension measurements, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), microscale thermophoresis (MST), and intrinsic fluorescence quenching indicated that the polymers delayed onset of mAb precipitation from a combination of surfactant behaviour and interactions with the protein to prevent protein-protein interactions leading to colloidal instability. CONCLUSIONS The random heteropolymers described are a new class of excipients that may enable development of SC mAb formulations previously inaccessible to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M M Messina
- Pharmaceutical Development Department, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Ann Marie Woys
- Pharmaceutical Development Department, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
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11
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Wijesundera SA, Liyanage SH, Biswas P, Reuther JF, Yan M. Trehalose-Grafted Glycopolymer: Synthesis via the Staudinger Reaction and Capture of Mycobacteria. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:238-245. [PMID: 36524824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A new trehalose-grafted poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (HEMA) glycopolymer was synthesized via the perfluorophenyl azide (PFPA)-mediated Staudinger reaction between poly(HEMA-co-HEMA-PFPA) and a diphenylphosphine-derivatized trehalose. The reaction occurred rapidly at room temperature without the use of any catalyst, giving the trehalose glycopolymers over 68% yield after 1 h. The grafting density of trehalose can be controlled by the copolymer composition in poly(HEMA-co-HEMA-PFPA), resulting in 6.1% (TP1) or 37% (TP2) at 10:1 and 1:1 HEMA/HEMA-PFPA feed ratio, respectively. The trehalose glycopolymer was covalently attached on glass slides or silicon wafers using a thin film of poly(HEMA-co-HEMA-PFPA) as the adhesion layer, achieved through the C-H insertion reaction of the photogenerated singlet perfluorophenyl nitrene. To demonstrate the ability of the trehalose glycopolymer to capture mycobacteria, arrays of the trehalose glycopolymer were fabricated and treated with Mycobacterium smegmatis. Results from the optical, fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy showed that mycobacteria were indeed captured on the trehalose glycopolymer. The amount of mycobacteria captured increased with the percent trehalose in the trehalose glycopolymer and also with the concentration of the trehalose glycopolymer. In addition, the captured bacteria could be visualized by the naked eye under the illumination of a hand-held UV lamp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samurdhi A Wijesundera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Sajani H Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Priyanka Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - James F Reuther
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Mingdi Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
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12
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De Mel J, Hossain M, Shofolawe-Bakare O, Mohammad SA, Rasmussen E, Milloy K, Shields M, Roth EW, Arora K, Cueto R, Tang SC, Wilson JT, Smith AE, Werfel TA. Dual-Responsive Glycopolymers for Intracellular Codelivery of Antigen and Lipophilic Adjuvants. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:4705-4716. [PMID: 36374992 PMCID: PMC10013197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Traditional approaches to vaccines use whole organisms to trigger an immune response, but they do not typically generate robust cellular-mediated immunity and have various safety risks. Subunit vaccines composed of proteins and/or peptides represent an attractive and safe alternative to whole organism vaccines, but they are poorly immunogenic. Though there are biological reasons for the poor immunogenicity of proteins and peptides, one other key to their relative lack of immunogenicity could be attributed to the poor pharmacokinetic properties of exogenously delivered proteins and peptides. For instance, peptides often aggregate at the site of injection and are not stable in biological fluids, proteins and peptides are rapidly cleared from circulation, and both have poor cellular internalization and endosomal escape. Herein, we developed a delivery system to address the lack of protein immunogenicity by overcoming delivery barriers as well as codelivering immune-stimulating adjuvants. The glycopolymeric nanoparticles (glycoNPs) are composed of a dual-stimuli-responsive block glycopolymer, poly[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate]-b-poly[(pyridyl disulfide ethyl methacrylate)-co-(methacrylamidoglucopyranose)] (p[DPA-b-(PDSMA-co-MAG)]). This polymer facilitates protein conjugation and cytosolic release, the pH-responsive release of lipophilic adjuvants, and pH-dependent membrane disruption to ensure cytosolic delivery of antigens. We synthesized p[DPA-b-(PDSMA-co-MAG)] by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, followed by the formation and physicochemical characterization of glycoNPs using the p[DPA-b-(PDSMA-co-MAG)] building blocks. These glycoNPs conjugated the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) and released OVA in response to elevated glutathione levels. Moreover, the glycoNPs displayed pH-dependent drug release of the model hydrophobic drug Nile Red while also exhibiting pH-responsive endosomolytic behavior as indicated by a red blood cell hemolysis assay. GlycoNPs coloaded with OVA and the toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR-7/8) agonist Resiquimod (R848) activated DC 2.4 dendritic cells (DCs) significantly more than free OVA and R848 and led to robust antigen presentation of the OVA epitope SIINFEKL on major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I). In sum, the dual-stimuli-responsive glycopolymer introduced here overcomes major protein and peptide delivery barriers and could vastly improve the immunogenicity of protein-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith De Mel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Mehjabeen Hossain
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Oluwaseyi Shofolawe-Bakare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Sk Arif Mohammad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Emily Rasmussen
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Khadeeja Milloy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Micaela Shields
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Eric W Roth
- Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental Center, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
| | - Karan Arora
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Rafael Cueto
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Shou-Ching Tang
- Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, United States
| | - John T Wilson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Adam E Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Thomas A Werfel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, United States
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13
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Castañeda Ruiz AJ, Shetab Boushehri MA, Phan T, Carle S, Garidel P, Buske J, Lamprecht A. Alternative Excipients for Protein Stabilization in Protein Therapeutics: Overcoming the Limitations of Polysorbates. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2575. [PMID: 36559072 PMCID: PMC9781097 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Given their safety and efficiency in protecting protein integrity, polysorbates (PSs) have been the most widely used excipients for the stabilization of protein therapeutics for years. In recent decades, however, there have been numerous reports about visible or sub-visible particles in PS-containing biotherapeutic products, which is a major quality concern for parenteral drugs. Alternative excipients that are safe for parenteral administration, efficient in protecting different protein drugs against various stress conditions, effective in protein stabilization in high-concentrated liquid formulations, stable under the storage conditions for the duration of the product's shelf-life, and compatible with other formulation components and the primary packaging are highly sought after. The aim of this paper is to review potential alternative excipients from different families, including surfactants, carbohydrate- and amino acid-based excipients, synthetic amphiphilic polymers, and ionic liquids that enable protein stabilization. For each category, important characteristics such as the ability to stabilize proteins against thermal and mechanical stresses, current knowledge related to the safety profile for parenteral administration, potential interactions with other formulation components, and primary packaging are debated. Based on the provided information and the detailed discussion thereof, this paper may pave the way for the identification or development of efficient excipients for biotherapeutic protein stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel J. Castañeda Ruiz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Tamara Phan
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, PDB, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Stefan Carle
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, PDB, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Patrick Garidel
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, PDB, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Julia Buske
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, PDB, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Alf Lamprecht
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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14
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Chen A, Tapia H, Goddard JM, Gibney PA. Trehalose and its applications in the food industry. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:5004-5037. [PMID: 36201393 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose is a nonreducing disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules linked by α, α-1,1-glycosidic bond. It is present in a wide variety of organisms, including bacteria, fungi, insects, plants, and invertebrate animals. Trehalose has distinct physical and chemical properties that have been investigated for their biological importance in a range of prokaryotic and eukaryotic species. Emerging research on trehalose has identified untapped opportunities for its application in the food, medical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries. This review summarizes the chemical and biological properties of trehalose, its occurrence and metabolism in living organisms, its protective role in molecule stabilization, and natural and commercial production methods. Utilization of trehalose in the food industry, in particular how it stabilizes protein, fat, carbohydrate, and volatile compounds, is also discussed in depth. Challenges and opportunities of its application in specific applications (e.g., diagnostics, bioprocessing, ingredient technology) are described. We conclude with a discussion on the potential of leveraging the unique molecular properties of trehalose in molecular stabilization for improving the safety, quality, and sustainability of our food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Chen
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Hugo Tapia
- Biology Program, California State University - Channel Islands, Camarillo, California, USA
| | - Julie M Goddard
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Patrick A Gibney
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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15
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Li Z, Zhu K, Ren L, Yuan X. Sulfonium-Containing Glycopolypeptides Tethering Trehalose for Protein Stabilization. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:1278-1284. [DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zongze Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Kongying Zhu
- Analysis and Measurement Center, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lixia Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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16
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Gelb M, Messina KMM, Vinciguerra D, Ko JH, Collins J, Tamboline M, Xu S, Ibarrondo FJ, Maynard HD. Poly(trehalose methacrylate) as an Excipient for Insulin Stabilization: Mechanism and Safety. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:37410-37423. [PMID: 35968684 PMCID: PMC9412841 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Insulin, the oldest U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved recombinant protein and a World Health Organization (WHO) essential medicine for treating diabetes globally, faces challenges due to its storage instability. One approach to stabilize insulin is the addition of poly(trehalose methacrylate) (pTrMA) as an excipient. The polymer increases the stability of the peptide to heat and mechanical agitation and has a low viscosity suitable for injection and pumps. However, the safety and stabilizing mechanism of pTrMA is not yet known and is required to understand the potential suitability of pTrMA as an insulin excipient. Herein is reported the immune response, biodistribution, and insulin plasma lifetime in mice, as well as investigation into insulin stabilization. pTrMA alone or formulated with ovalbumin did not elicit an antibody response over 3 weeks in mice, and there was no observable cytokine production in response to pTrMA. Micropositron emission tomography/microcomputer tomography of 64Cu-labeled pTrMA showed excretion of 78-79% ID/cc within 24 h and minimal liver accumulation at 6-8% ID/cc when studied out to 120 h. Further, the plasma lifetime of insulin in mice was not altered by added pTrMA. Formulating insulin with 2 mol equiv of pTrMA improved the stability of insulin to standard storage conditions: 46 weeks at 4 °C yielded 87.0% intact insulin with pTrMA present as compared to 7.8% intact insulin without the polymer. The mechanism by which pTrMA-stabilized insulin was revealed to be a combination of inhibiting deamidation of amino acid residues and preventing fibrillation, followed by aggregation of inactive and immunogenic amyloids all without complexing insulin into its hexameric state, which could delay the onset of insulin activity. Based on the data reported here, we suggest that pTrMA stabilizes insulin as an excipient without adverse effects in vivo and is promising to investigate further for the safe formulation of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline
B. Gelb
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Kathryn M. M. Messina
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Daniele Vinciguerra
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Jeong Hoon Ko
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Jeffrey Collins
- Department
of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Crump Institute for Molecular
Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine,
University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1735, United States
| | - Mikayla Tamboline
- Department
of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Crump Institute for Molecular
Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine,
University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1735, United States
| | - Shili Xu
- Department
of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Crump Institute for Molecular
Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine,
University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1735, United States
| | - F. Javier Ibarrondo
- Division
of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Heather D. Maynard
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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17
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Lu J, Xu Z, Fu H, Lin Y, Wang H, Lu H. Room-Temperature Grafting from Synthesis of Protein-Polydisulfide Conjugates via Aggregation-Induced Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15709-15717. [PMID: 35976716 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reversible modification of proteins with lipoic acid (LPA)-derived polydisulfides (PDS) is an important approach toward the transient regulation and on-demand recovery of protein functions. The in situ growth of PDS from the cysteine (Cys) residue of a protein, however, has been challenging due to the near-equilibrium thermodynamics of the ring-opening polymerization of LPA. Here, we report the protein-mediated, aggregation-induced polymerization (AIP) of amphiphilic LPA-derived monomers at room temperature, which can be performed at a concentration as low as ∼2% of the equilibrium monomer concentration normally needed. The aggregation of monomers increases the effective monomer concentration in aqueous solutions to the degree that the polymerizations behave similarly to those in bulk. The PDS conjugation enhances the thermostability, protease resistance, and tolerance to freeze-thaw treatments of the target proteins. Moreover, the PDS conjugation allows rapid and convenient purification of Cys-bearing proteins by taking advantage of the liquid-liquid phase separation of the protein-PDS conjugates and the full recovery of native proteins under mild reducing conditions. This AIP effect may shed light on facilitating other polymerizations with a similar near-equilibrium character. The PDS conjugation can open up new avenues to protein delivery, dynamic and reversible protein engineering, enzyme preservation, and recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhun Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailin Fu
- Institute of Materials Science & Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Yao Lin
- Institute of Materials Science & Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Huan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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18
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Ko JH, Forsythe NL, Gelb MB, Messina KMM, Lau UY, Bhattacharya A, Olafsen T, Lee JT, Kelly KA, Maynard HD. Safety and Biodistribution Profile of Poly(styrenyl acetal trehalose) and Its Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor Conjugate. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:3383-3395. [PMID: 35767465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Poly(styrenyl acetal trehalose) (pSAT), composed of trehalose side chains linked to a polystyrene backbone via acetals, stabilizes a variety of proteins and enzymes against fluctuations in temperature. A promising application of pSAT is conjugation of the polymer to therapeutic proteins to reduce renal clearance. To explore this possibility, the safety of the polymer was first studied. Investigation of acute toxicity of pSAT in mice showed that there were no adverse effects of the polymer at a high (10 mg/kg) concentration. The immune response (antipolymer antibody and cytokine production) in mice was also studied. No significant antipolymer IgG was detected for pSAT, and only a transient and low level of IgM was elicited. pSAT was also safe in terms of cytokine response. The polymer was then conjugated to a granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF), a therapeutic protein that is approved by the Federal Drug Administration, in order to study the biodistribution of a pSAT conjugate. A site-selective, two-step synthesis approach was developed for efficient conjugate preparation for the biodistribution study resulting in 90% conjugation efficiency. The organ distribution of GCSF-pSAT was measured by positron emission tomography and compared to controls GCSF and GCSF-poly(ethylene glycol), which confirmed that the trehalose polymer conjugate improved the in vivo half-life of the protein by reducing renal clearance. These findings suggest that trehalose styrenyl polymers are promising for use in therapeutic protein-polymer conjugates for reduced renal clearance of the biomolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hoon Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Neil L Forsythe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Madeline B Gelb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kathryn M M Messina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Uland Y Lau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Arvind Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Tove Olafsen
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Jason T Lee
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Kathleen A Kelly
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Heather D Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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19
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Marco-Dufort B, Janczy JR, Hu T, Lütolf M, Gatti F, Wolf M, Woods A, Tetter S, Sridhar BV, Tibbitt MW. Thermal stabilization of diverse biologics using reversible hydrogels. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo0502. [PMID: 35930644 PMCID: PMC9355364 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo0502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Improving the thermal stability of biologics, including vaccines, is critical to reduce the economic costs and health risks associated with the cold chain. Here, we designed a versatile, safe, and easy-to-use reversible PEG-based hydrogel platform formed via dynamic covalent boronic ester cross-linking for the encapsulation, stabilization, and on-demand release of biologics. Using these reversible hydrogels, we thermally stabilized a wide range of biologics up to 65°C, including model enzymes, heat-sensitive clinical diagnostic enzymes (DNA gyrase and topoisomerase I), protein-based vaccines (H5N1 hemagglutinin), and whole viruses (adenovirus type 5). Our data support a generalized protection mechanism for the thermal stabilization of diverse biologics using direct encapsulation in reversible hydrogels. Furthermore, preliminary toxicology data suggest that the components of our hydrogel are safe for in vivo use. Our reversible hydrogel platform offers a simple material solution to mitigate the costs and risks associated with reliance on a continuous cold chain for biologic transport and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Marco-Dufort
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Tianjing Hu
- Nanoly Bioscience Inc., Denver, CO 80231, USA
| | - Marco Lütolf
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Gatti
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Morris Wolf
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alex Woods
- Nanoly Bioscience Inc., Denver, CO 80231, USA
| | - Stephan Tetter
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Mark W. Tibbitt
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Vinciguerra D, Gelb MB, Maynard HD. Synthesis and Application of Trehalose Materials. JACS AU 2022; 2:1561-1587. [PMID: 35911465 PMCID: PMC9327084 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose is a naturally occurring, nonreducing disaccharide that is widely used in the biopharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries due to its stabilizing and cryoprotective properties. Over the years, scientists have developed methodologies to synthesize linear polymers with trehalose units either in the polymer backbone or as pendant groups. These macromolecules provide unique properties and characteristics, which often outperform trehalose itself. Additionally, numerous reports have focused on the synthesis and formulation of materials based on trehalose, such as nanoparticles, hydrogels, and thermoset networks. Among many applications, these polymers and materials have been used as protein stabilizers, as gene delivery systems, and to prevent amyloid aggregate formation. In this Perspective, recent developments in the synthesis and application of trehalose-based linear polymers, hydrogels, and nanomaterials are discussed, with a focus on utilization in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Vinciguerra
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, 570 Westwood
Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Madeline B. Gelb
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, 570 Westwood
Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Heather D. Maynard
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, 570 Westwood
Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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21
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Abstract
Cryopreservation of cells and biologics underpins all biomedical research from routine sample storage to emerging cell-based therapies, as well as ensuring cell banks provide authenticated, stable and consistent cell products. This field began with the discovery and wide adoption of glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide as cryoprotectants over 60 years ago, but these tools do not work for all cells and are not ideal for all workflows. In this Review, we highlight and critically review the approaches to discover, and apply, new chemical tools for cryopreservation. We summarize the key (and complex) damage pathways during cellular cryopreservation and how each can be addressed. Bio-inspired approaches, such as those based on extremophiles, are also discussed. We describe both small-molecule-based and macromolecular-based strategies, including ice binders, ice nucleators, ice nucleation inhibitors and emerging materials whose exact mechanism has yet to be understood. Finally, looking towards the future of the field, the application of bottom-up molecular modelling, library-based discovery approaches and materials science tools, which are set to transform cryopreservation strategies, are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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22
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Murray A, Congdon TR, Tomás RMF, Kilbride P, Gibson MI. Red Blood Cell Cryopreservation with Minimal Post-Thaw Lysis Enabled by a Synergistic Combination of a Cryoprotecting Polyampholyte with DMSO/Trehalose. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:467-477. [PMID: 34097399 PMCID: PMC7612374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
From trauma wards to chemotherapy, red blood cells are essential in modern medicine. Current methods to bank red blood cells typically use glycerol (40 wt %) as a cryoprotective agent. Although highly effective, the deglycerolization process, post-thaw, is time-consuming and results in some loss of red blood cells during the washing procedures. Here, we demonstrate that a polyampholyte, a macromolecular cryoprotectant, synergistically enhances ovine red blood cell cryopreservation in a mixed cryoprotectant system. Screening of DMSO and trehalose mixtures identified optimized conditions, where cytotoxicity was minimized but cryoprotective benefit maximized. Supplementation with polyampholyte allowed 97% post-thaw recovery (3% hemolysis), even under extremely challenging slow-freezing and -thawing conditions. Post-thaw washing of the cryoprotectants was tolerated by the cells, which is crucial for any application, and the optimized mixture could be applied directly to cells, causing no hemolysis after 1 h of exposure. The procedure was also scaled to use blood bags, showing utility on a scale relevant for application. Flow cytometry and adenosine triphosphate assays confirmed the integrity of the blood cells post-thaw. Microscopy confirmed intact red blood cells were recovered but with some shrinkage, suggesting that optimization of post-thaw washing could further improve this method. These results show that macromolecular cryoprotectants can provide synergistic benefit, alongside small molecule cryoprotectants, for the storage of essential cell types, as well as potential practical benefits in terms of processing/handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Murray
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Thomas R. Congdon
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Ruben M. F. Tomás
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Warwick
Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Peter Kilbride
- Asymptote, Cytiva, Chivers Way, Cambridge CB24 9BZ, U.K.
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Warwick
Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
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23
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Kogo T, Utatsu K, Taharabaru T, Onodera R, Motoyama K, Higashi T. Polyrotaxane-based Supramolecular Material for Improvement of Pharmaceutical Properties of Protein Drugs. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:2116-2120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Milewska M, Milewski A, Wandzik I, Stenzel MH. Structurally analogous trehalose and sucrose glycopolymers – comparative characterization and evaluation of their effects on insulin fibrillation. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01517f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive comparative characterization of highly structurally similar, RAFT-prepared trehalose and sucrose glycopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Milewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Milewski
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 6, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ilona Wandzik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Martina H. Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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25
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Wang Y, Milewska M, Foster H, Chapman R, Stenzel MH. The Core-Shell Structure, Not Sugar, Drives the Thermal Stabilization of Single-Enzyme Nanoparticles. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4569-4581. [PMID: 34617439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Trehalose is widely assumed to be the most effective sugar for protein stabilization, but exactly how unique the structure is and the mechanism by which it works are still debated. Herein, we use a polyion complex micelle approach to control the position of trehalose relative to the surface of glucose oxidase within cross-linked and non-cross-linked single-enzyme nanoparticles (SENs). The distribution and density of trehalose molecules in the shell can be tuned by changing the structure of the underlying polymer, poly(N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl] acrylamide (PDMAPA). SENs in which the trehalose is replaced with sucrose and acrylamide are prepared as well for comparison. Isothermal titration calorimetry, dynamic light scattering, and asymmetric flow field-flow fraction in combination with multiangle light scattering reveal that two to six polymers bind to the enzyme. Binding either trehalose or sucrose close to the enzyme surface has very little effect on the thermal stability of the enzyme. By contrast, encapsulation of the enzyme within a cross-linked polymer shell significantly enhances its thermal stability and increases the unfolding temperature from 70.3 °C to 84.8 °C. Further improvements (up to 92.8 °C) can be seen when trehalose is built into this shell. Our data indicate that the structural confinement of the enzyme is a far more important driver in its thermal stability than the location of any sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Wang
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Malgorzata Milewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry, and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, Gliwice 44 100, Poland
| | - Henry Foster
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Robert Chapman
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Martina H Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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26
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Li Y, Ariotti N, Aghaei B, Pandzic E, Ganda S, Willcox M, Sanchez‐Felix M, Stenzel M. Inhibition of
S. aureus
Infection of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) by Trehalose‐ and Glucose‐Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Li
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemistry University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Nicholas Ariotti
- Electron Microscope Unit Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Behnaz Aghaei
- Inventia Life Science Pty Ltd Sydney NSW 2015 Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Elvis Pandzic
- Katharina Gaus Light Microscopy Facility Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Sylvia Ganda
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemistry University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Mark Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | | | - Martina Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemistry University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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27
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Iskandar AR, Kolli AR, Giralt A, Neau L, Fatarova M, Kondylis A, Torres LO, Majeed S, Merg C, Corciulo M, Trivedi K, Guedj E, Frentzel S, Calvino F, Guy PA, Ivanov NV, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. Assessment of in vitro kinetics and biological impact of nebulized trehalose on human bronchial epithelium. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 157:112577. [PMID: 34563633 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Trehalose is added in drug formulations to act as fillers or improve aerosolization performance. Its characteristics as a carrier molecule have been explored; however, the fate of trehalose in human airway tissues has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we investigated the fate of nebulized trehalose using in vitro human air-liquid bronchial epithelial cultures. First, a tracing experiment was conducted using 13C12-trehalose; we measured trehalose distribution in different culture compartments (apical surface liquid, epithelial culture, and basal side medium) at various time points following acute exposure to 13C12-labeled trehalose. We found that 13C12-trehalose was metabolized into 13C6-glucose. The data was then used to model the kinetics of trehalose disappearance from the apical surface of bronchial cultures. Secondly, we evaluated the potential adverse effects of nebulized trehalose on the bronchial cultures after they were acutely exposed to nebulized trehalose up to a level just below its solubility limit (50 g/100 g water). We assessed the ciliary beating frequency and histological characteristics. We found that nebulized trehalose did not lead to marked alteration in ciliary beating frequency and morphology of the epithelial cultures. The in vitro testing approach used here may enable the early selection of excipients for future development of inhalation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita R Iskandar
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Aditya Reddy Kolli
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Albert Giralt
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Laurent Neau
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Maria Fatarova
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Athanasios Kondylis
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Laura Ortega Torres
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Shoaib Majeed
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Celine Merg
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Maica Corciulo
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Keyur Trivedi
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Stefan Frentzel
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Florian Calvino
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Philippe Alexandre Guy
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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28
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Anjum R, Nishimura SN, Kobayashi S, Nishida K, Anada T, Tanaka M. Protein Stabilization Effect of Zwitterionic Osmolyte-bearing Polymer. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rubaiya Anjum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shin-nosuke Nishimura
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shingo Kobayashi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kei Nishida
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takahisa Anada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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29
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Gelb MB, Maynard HD. Effect of Poly(trehalose methacrylate) Molecular Weight and Concentration on the Stability and Viscosity of Insulin. MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING 2021; 306:2100197. [PMID: 35591895 PMCID: PMC9113406 DOI: 10.1002/mame.202100197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Instability to storage and shipping conditions and injection administration remain major challenges in treating chronic conditions with biopharmaceuticals. Herein, formulations of poly(trehalose methacrylate) (pTrMA) were successfully optimized to stabilize insulin without appreciably increasing viscosity. Polymers were synthesized (2,400 - 29,200 Da), and added to insulin at different concentrations. pTrMA maintained >95% intact insulin against 250 rpm at 37 °C for 3 hours with at least 10 mol. eq. of 5.0 kDa, 7.5 mol. eq. of 9.4 kDa, 5 mol. eq. of 12.8 kDa, 1 mol. eq. of 19.8 kDa, and 0.5 mol. eq. of 29.2 kDa polymers, compared to 13.1% of insulin alone. The lowest pTrMA concentration formulations were more viscous than insulin alone, but the highest viscosity, U-600 with 10 mol. eq. of 5 kDa pTrMA, was only 1.43 cP at 25 °C. This data demonstrates that pTrMA is a promising low viscosity additive to stabilize the diabetes therapeutic insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline B Gelb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA
| | - Heather D Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA
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30
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Singh S, Sharma PC. 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)-Based Metabolome Diversity of Seabuckthorn (H. rhamnoides L.) Berries Originating from Two Geographical Regions of Indian Himalayas. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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Li Y, Ariotti N, Aghaei B, Pandzic E, Ganda S, Willcox M, Sanchez-Felix M, Stenzel MH. Inhibition of S. aureus-Infection of HUVECs by Trehalose and Glucose-functionalized Gold Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22652-22658. [PMID: 34387412 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Microbial adhesion to host cells represents the initial step in the infection process. Several methods have been explored to inhibit microbial adhesion including the use of glycopolymers based on mannose, galactose, sialic acid and glucose. These sugar receptors are however abundant in the body and they are not unique to bacteria. Trehalose in contrast is a unique disaccharide that is wildly expressed by microbes. This carbohydrate has not yet been explored as an anti-adhesive. Herein, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) coated with trehalose-based polymers were prepared and compared to glucose-functionalized AuNPs and examined for their ability to prevent binding to endothelial cells. Acting as anti-adhesive, trehalose-functionalized nanoparticles decreased the binding of S. aureus to HUVEC cells, while outperforming the control nanoparticles. Microscopy revealed that trehalose coated nanoparticle bound strongly to S. aureus compared to the controls. In conclusion, nanoparticles based on trehalose could be a non-toxic alternative to inhibit S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Li
- University of New South Wales - Kensington Campus: University of New South Wales, School of Chemistry, AUSTRALIA
| | - Nicholas Ariotti
- University of New South Wales - Kensington Campus: University of New South Wales, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, AUSTRALIA
| | - Behnaz Aghaei
- UNSW: University of New South Wales, school of Chemistry, AUSTRALIA
| | - Elvis Pandzic
- UNSW: University of New South Wales, school of chemistry, AUSTRALIA
| | - Sylvia Ganda
- UNSW: University of New South Wales, School of Chemistry, AUSTRALIA
| | - Mark Willcox
- UNSW: University of New South Wales, School of Optometry and Vision Science, AUSTRALIA
| | | | - Martina Heide Stenzel
- University of New South Wales Institute of Languages: UNSW Global Pty Limited, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Applied Science Building, 2052, Sydney, AUSTRALIA
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32
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Pelras T, Loos K. Strategies for the synthesis of sequence-controlled glycopolymers and their potential for advanced applications. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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33
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Qin Q, Lang S, Huang X. Synthetic linear glycopolymers and their biological applications. J Carbohydr Chem 2021; 40:1-44. [PMID: 35308080 PMCID: PMC8932951 DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2021.1928156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
As typical affinities of carbohydrates with their receptors are modest, polymers of carbohydrates (glycopolymers) are exciting tools to probe the multifaceted biological activities of glycans. In this review, the linear glycopolymers and the multivalency effects are first introduced. This is followed by discussions of methods to synthesize these polymers. Subsequently, the interactions of glycopolymers with plant lectins and viral/bacterial carbohydrate binding proteins are discussed. In addition, applications of the glycopolymers in facilitating glycan microarray studies, mimicking cell surface glycans, modulation of the immune system, cryoprotection of protein, and electron-beam lithography are presented to stimulate further development of this fascinating technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan StateUniversity, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Shuyao Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan StateUniversity, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan StateUniversity, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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34
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Simončič M, Lukšič M. Mechanistic differences in the effects of sucrose and sucralose on the phase stability of lysozyme solutions. J Mol Liq 2021; 326. [PMID: 35082450 DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The effect of two disaccharide analogues, sucrose and sucralose, on the phase stability of aqueous lysozyme solutions has been addressed from a mechanistic viewpoint by a combination of experiment and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The influence of the added low molecular weight salts (NaBr, NaI and NaNO3) was considered as well. The cloud-point temperature measurements revealed a larger stabilizing effect of sucralose. Upon increasing sugar concentration, the protein solutions became more stable and differences in the effect of sucralose and sucrose amplified. It was confirmed that the addition of either of the two sugars imposed no secondary structure changes of the lysozyme. Enthalpies of lysozyme-sugar mixing were exothermic and a larger effect was recorded for sucralose. MD simulations indicated that acidic, basic and polar amino acid residues play predominant roles in the sugar-protein interactions, mainly through hydrogen bonding. Such sugar mediated protein-protein interactions are thought to be responsible for the biopreserative nature of sugars. Our observations hint at mechanistic differences in sugar-lysozyme interactions: while sucrose does not interact directly with the protein's surface for the most part (in line with the preferential hydration hypothesis), sucralose forms hydrogen bonds with acidic, basic and polar amino acid residues at the lysozyme's surface (in line with the water replacement hypothesis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matjaž Simončič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miha Lukšič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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35
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Jeong SJ, Stitham J, Evans TD, Zhang X, Rodriguez-Velez A, Yeh YS, Tao J, Takabatake K, Epelman S, Lodhi IJ, Schilling JD, DeBosch BJ, Diwan A, Razani B. Trehalose causes low-grade lysosomal stress to activate TFEB and the autophagy-lysosome biogenesis response. Autophagy 2021; 17:3740-3752. [PMID: 33706671 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1896906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The autophagy-lysosome system is an important cellular degradation pathway that recycles dysfunctional organelles and cytotoxic protein aggregates. A decline in this system is pathogenic in many human diseases including neurodegenerative disorders, fatty liver disease, and atherosclerosis. Thus there is intense interest in discovering therapeutics aimed at stimulating the autophagy-lysosome system. Trehalose is a natural disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules linked by a ɑ-1,1-glycosidic bond with the unique ability to induce cellular macroautophagy/autophagy and with reported efficacy on mitigating several diseases where autophagy is dysfunctional. Interestingly, the mechanism by which trehalose induces autophagy is unknown. One suggested mechanism is its ability to activate TFEB (transcription factor EB), the master transcriptional regulator of autophagy-lysosomal biogenesis. Here we describe a potential mechanism involving direct trehalose action on the lysosome. We find trehalose is endocytically taken up by cells and accumulates within the endolysosomal system. This leads to a low-grade lysosomal stress with mild elevation of lysosomal pH, which acts as a potent stimulus for TFEB activation and nuclear translocation. This process appears to involve inactivation of MTORC1, a known negative regulator of TFEB which is sensitive to perturbations in lysosomal pH. Taken together, our data show the trehalose can act as a weak inhibitor of the lysosome which serves as a trigger for TFEB activation. Our work not only sheds light on trehalose action but suggests that mild alternation of lysosomal pH can be a novel method of inducing the autophagy-lysosome system.Abbreviations: ASO: antisense oligonucleotide; AU: arbitrary units; BMDM: bone marrow-derived macrophages; CLFs: crude lysosomal fractions; CTSD: cathepsin D; LAMP: lysosomal associated membrane protein; LIPA/LAL: lipase A, lysosomal acid type; MAP1LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MFI: mean fluorescence intensity; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; pMAC: peritoneal macrophages; SLC2A8/GLUT8: solute carrier family 2, (facilitated glucose transporter), member 8; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TMR: tetramethylrhodamine; TREH: trehalase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Jin Jeong
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeremiah Stitham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Trent D Evans
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Astrid Rodriguez-Velez
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yu-Sheng Yeh
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joan Tao
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Koki Takabatake
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Slava Epelman
- Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Failure Research and the Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Irfan J Lodhi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joel D Schilling
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian J DeBosch
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Abhinav Diwan
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Babak Razani
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
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36
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Forsythe NL, Maynard HD. Synthesis of Disulfide-Bridging Trehalose Polymers for Antibody and Fab Conjugation Using a Bis-Sulfone ATRP Initiator. Polym Chem 2021; 12:1217-1223. [PMID: 34211593 PMCID: PMC8240515 DOI: 10.1039/d0py01579b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies and antigen binding fragments (FABs) are widely used as therapeutics and conjugated polymers can enhance the properties of these important biomolecules. However, limitations to the selectivity and stability of current conjugation methodologies can inhibit the exploration of new antibody-polymer conjugates. Herein, we describe a new strategy for the synthesis of these conjugates that forms a stable thioether bond and can be directly incorporated into an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiator. Specifically, a bis-sulfone alkyl bromide initiator was synthesized and utilized in the activators generated by electron transfer (AGET) ATRP of ethylene glycol methacrylate and trehalose methacrylate to form the respective polymers. The trehalose polymer was then irreversibly inserted into the disulfide bonds of Herceptin and Herceptin FAB after mild reduction to form the conjugates with quantitative conversions as verified by Western Blot and mass spectrometry after cleavage of the polymer. The binding of the Herceptin and Herceptin Fab conjugates to the receptor was investigated by indirect ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and the EC50's were 0.90 and 2.74 nM, respectively, compared to Herceptin (0.26 nM) and the Fab (0.56 nM). The conjugates were subjected to heating studies at a constant 75 °C, the temperature determined in a heat ramp to be the threshold of stability for the antibody and FAB; the trehalose polymer was found to considerably increase the thermal stability of both Herceptin and Herceptin Fab. This work provides a new way to prepare polymer-antibody/Fab conjugates utilizing bis-sulfone end groups installed by atom transfer radical polymerization of the functionalized initiators and a way to stabilize these important molecules by conjugation to trehalose polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil L. Forsythe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and
California NanoSystems Institute, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, University of
California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569
| | - Heather D. Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and
California NanoSystems Institute, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, University of
California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569
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Molecular mechanism underlying the selective attack of trehalose lipids on cancer cells as revealed by coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 25:100913. [PMID: 33521337 PMCID: PMC7820381 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.100913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study indicated that the mixed lipid bilayer of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and trehalosemonomyristate (TreC14) interacted strongly with the plasma membrane of cancer cells, and not that of normal cells, when the composition of TreC14 was 70%, as revealed by coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. These results were consistent with those of previous experimental studies, indicating that DMPC/TreC14 mixed liposomes (DMTreC14) with TreC14 composition at 70% exhibited a strong anti-cancer effect without affecting normal cells. The simulations also revealed that lipids with highly hydrophilic and bulky head groups, such as TreC14, phosphatidylinositol (PI), and phosphatidylserine (PS), showed the tendency to accumulate. This caused both the DMTreC14 and cancer cell membranes to bend into large positive curvatures, resulting in tight contact between them. In contrast, no apparent interaction between the DMTreC14 and normal cell membranes was observed because PI and PS did not exist in the extracellular monolayer of the normal cell membrane. The mixed lipid bilayer (DMTreC14) of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and trehalosemonomyristate (TreC14) interacted strongly with the plasma membrane of a cancer cell, but did not interact with that of a normal cell. TreC14 was shown to interact preferentially with phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylserine (PS), which existed in the extracellular side of the cancer cell. This interaction was inferred to cause the physical contact between DMTreC14 and the cancer cell, leading to their membrane fusion.
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38
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Zhang C, Liu Y, Sun Y, Dong X. Complicated effects of a zwitterionic polymer containing dimethyl chains on the structures, activities and stabilities of different enzymes. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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39
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Ghosh P, Bera A, De P. Current status, challenges and future directions in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases by polymeric materials. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2021.100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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40
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The thick waxy coat of mycobacteria, a protective layer against antibiotics and the host's immune system. Biochem J 2020; 477:1983-2006. [PMID: 32470138 PMCID: PMC7261415 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis, caused by the pathogenic bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is the leading cause of death from an infectious disease, with a mortality rate of over a million people per year. This pathogen's remarkable resilience and infectivity is largely due to its unique waxy cell envelope, 40% of which comprises complex lipids. Therefore, an understanding of the structure and function of the cell wall lipids is of huge indirect clinical significance. This review provides a synopsis of the cell envelope and the major lipids contained within, including structure, biosynthesis and roles in pathogenesis.
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41
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Fayter AE, Hasan M, Congdon TR, Kontopoulou I, Gibson MI. Ice recrystallisation inhibiting polymers prevent irreversible protein aggregation during solvent-free cryopreservation as additives and as covalent polymer-protein conjugates. Eur Polym J 2020; 140:110036. [PMID: 33311718 PMCID: PMC7709485 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Protein storage and transport is essential to deliver therapies (biologics), enzymes for biotechnological applications, and underpins fundamental structural and molecular biology. To enable proteins to be stored and transported it is often essential to freeze them, requiring cryoprotectants such as glycerol or trehalose. Here we explore the mechanisms by which poly(vinyl alcohol), PVA, a potent ice recrystallisation inhibitor protects proteins during freeze/thaw to enable solvent-free cryopreservation with a focus on comparing mixing, verses polymer-protein conjugation. A panel of poly(vinyl alcohol)s are investigated including commercial, well-defined (from RAFT), and PVA-protein conjugates, to map out PVA's efficacy. Enzymatic activity recovery of lactate dehydrogenase was found to correlate with post-thaw aggregation state (less aggregated protein had greater activity), which was modulated by PVA's ice recrystallisation inhibition activity. This macromolecular cryoprotectant matched the performance of glycerol, but at lower additive concentrations (as low as 1 mg.mL-1). It was also demonstrated that storage at -20 °C, rather than -80 °C was possible using PVA as a cryoprotectant, which is not possible with glycerol storage. A second protein, green-fluorescent protein (GFP), was used to enable screening of molecular weight effects and to obtain PVA-GFP bioconjugates. It was observed that covalent attachment of RAFT-derived PVA showed superior cryoprotectant activity compared to simple mixing of the polymer and protein. These results show that PVA is a real alternative to solvent-based protein storage with potential in biotechnology, food and therapeutics. PVA is already approved for many biomedical applications, is low cost and available on a large scale, making it an ideal cryoprotectant formulation enhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E.R. Fayter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Muhammad Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Thomas R. Congdon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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42
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Bristol AN, Saha J, George HE, Das PK, Kemp LK, Jarrett WL, Rangachari V, Morgan SE. Effects of Stereochemistry and Hydrogen Bonding on Glycopolymer-Amyloid-β Interactions. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:4280-4293. [PMID: 32786526 PMCID: PMC7847044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Saccharide stereochemistry plays an important role in carbohydrate functions such as biological recognition processes and protein binding. Synthetic glycopolymers with pendant saccharides of controlled stereochemistry provide an attractive approach for the design of polysaccharide-inspired biomaterials. Acrylamide-based polymers containing either β,d-glucose or β,d-galactose pendant groups, designed to mimic GM1 ganglioside saccharides, and their small-molecule analogues were used to evaluate the effect of stereochemistry on glycopolymer solution aggregation processes alone and in the presence of Aβ42 peptide using dynamic light scattering, gel permeation chromatography-multiangle laser light scattering, and fluorescence assays. Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were employed to determine hydrogen bonding patterns of the systems. The galactose-containing polymer displayed significant intramolecular hydrogen bonding and self-aggregation and minimal association with Aβ42, while the glucose-containing glycopolymers showed intermolecular interactions with the surrounding environment and association with Aβ42. Saturation transfer difference NMR spectroscopy demonstrated different binding affinities for the two glycopolymers to Aβ42 peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh N Bristol
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-5050, United States
| | - Jhinuk Saha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-5050, United States
| | - Hannah E George
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-5050, United States
| | - Pradipta K Das
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-5050, United States
| | - Lisa K Kemp
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-5050, United States
| | - William L Jarrett
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-5050, United States
| | - Vijayaraghavan Rangachari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-5050, United States
| | - Sarah E Morgan
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-5050, United States
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43
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Di Nunzio M, Betoret E, Taccari A, Dalla Rosa M, Bordoni A. Impact of processing on the nutritional and functional value of mandarin juice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:4558-4564. [PMID: 32418223 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although phenolic compounds have a role in the health benefits of fruit juice consumption, little is known about the effect of processing on their bioaccessibility. The release of phenolic compounds from the food matrix during digestion is an important pre-requisite for their effectiveness within the human body, and so it is fundamental to identify technological treatments able to preserve not only the concentration of phytochemicals, but also their bioaccessibility. In the present study, we investigated the impact of high-pressure homogenization (HPH), alone and in the presence of 100 g kg-1 trehalose or Lactobacillus salivarius, on the bioaccessibility of flavonoids in mandarin juice. In addition, digested mandarin juices were supplemented to liver cultured cells in basal and stressed conditions to evaluate their protective effect in a biological system. RESULTS HPH reduced the concentration of total phenolics and main flavonoids but increased their bioaccessibility after in vitro digestion (P < 0.001). In the basal condition, supplementation with all digested juices significantly reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration (P < 0.001). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentration in the medium was also reduced by supplementation with HPH-treated juices. Although pre-treatment with juices did not completely counteract the applied oxidative stress, it preserved cell viability, and cells pre-treated with juices submitted to HPH in the presence of probiotics showed the lowest ROS concentration. CONCLUSION The present study represents an important step ahead in the evaluation of the impact of processing on the nutritional and functional value of food, which cannot simply be assessed based on chemical composition. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Di Nunzio
- Department of Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agri-Food Research (CIRI), University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Ester Betoret
- CSIC - Instituto de Agroquimica y Tecnologia de los Alimentos (IATA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Annalisa Taccari
- Department of Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Marco Dalla Rosa
- Department of Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agri-Food Research (CIRI), University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bordoni
- Department of Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agri-Food Research (CIRI), University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
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44
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Burridge KM, Shurina BA, Kozuszek CT, Parnell RF, Montgomery JS, VanPelt JL, Daman NM, McCarrick RM, Ramelot TA, Konkolewicz D, Page RC. Mapping protein-polymer conformations in bioconjugates with atomic precision. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6160-6166. [PMID: 32953011 PMCID: PMC7480076 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02200d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rational design of protein-polymer bioconjugates is hindered by limited experimental data and mechanistic understanding on interactions between the two. In this communication, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) reports on distances between paramagnetic spin labels and NMR active nuclei, informing on the conformation of conjugated polymers. 1H/15N-heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR spectra were collected for ubiquitin (Ub) modified with block copolymers incorporating spin labels at different positions along their backbone. The resultant PRE data show that the conjugated polymers have conformations biased towards the nonpolar β-sheet face of Ub, rather than behaving as if in solution. The bioconjugates are stabilized against denaturation by guanidine-hydrochloride, as measured by circular dichroism (CD), and this stabilization is attributed to the interaction between the protein and conjugated polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Burridge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Miami University , 651 E High St. , Oxford , OH 45056 , USA . ;
| | - Ben A Shurina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Miami University , 651 E High St. , Oxford , OH 45056 , USA . ;
| | - Caleb T Kozuszek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Miami University , 651 E High St. , Oxford , OH 45056 , USA . ;
| | - Ryan F Parnell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Miami University , 651 E High St. , Oxford , OH 45056 , USA . ;
| | - Jonathan S Montgomery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Miami University , 651 E High St. , Oxford , OH 45056 , USA . ;
| | - Jamie L VanPelt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Miami University , 651 E High St. , Oxford , OH 45056 , USA . ;
| | - Nicholas M Daman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Miami University , 651 E High St. , Oxford , OH 45056 , USA . ;
| | - Robert M McCarrick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Miami University , 651 E High St. , Oxford , OH 45056 , USA . ;
| | - Theresa A Ramelot
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Miami University , 651 E High St. , Oxford , OH 45056 , USA . ;
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Miami University , 651 E High St. , Oxford , OH 45056 , USA . ;
| | - Richard C Page
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Miami University , 651 E High St. , Oxford , OH 45056 , USA . ;
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45
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Wang Y, Cheng YT, Cao C, Oliver JD, Stenzel MH, Chapman R. Polyion Complex-Templated Synthesis of Cross-Linked Single-Enzyme Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Wang
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Yen Theng Cheng
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for Nanotechnology (ACN), UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Cheng Cao
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - James D. Oliver
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Science, WSU, Parramatta, New South Wales 2150, Australia
| | - Martina H. Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Robert Chapman
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for Nanotechnology (ACN), UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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46
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Pelegri-O'Day EM, Bhattacharya A, Theopold N, Ko JH, Maynard HD. Synthesis of Zwitterionic and Trehalose Polymers with Variable Degradation Rates and Stabilization of Insulin. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2147-2154. [PMID: 32369347 PMCID: PMC8259896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymers that stabilize biomolecules are important as excipients in protein formulation. Herein, we describe a class of degradable polymers that have tunable degradation rates depending on the polymer backbone and can stabilize proteins to aggregation. Specifically, zwitterion- and trehalose-substituted polycaprolactone, polyvalerolactone, polycarbonate, and polylactide were prepared and characterized with regards to their hydrolytic degradation and ability to stabilize insulin to mechanical agitation during heat. Ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of allyl-substituted monomers was performed by using organocatalysis, resulting in well-defined alkene-substituted polymers with good control over molecular weight and dispersity. The polymers were then modified by using photocatalyzed thiol-ene reactions to install protein-stabilizing carboxybetaine and trehalose side chains. The resulting polymers were water-soluble and exhibited a wide range of half-lives, from 12 h to more than 3 months. The polymers maintained the ability to stabilize the therapeutic protein insulin from activity loss due to aggregation, demonstrating their potential as degradable excipients for protein formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Pelegri-O'Day
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Arvind Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Nik Theopold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jeong Hoon Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Heather D Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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47
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Liu B, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Gao S, Zhao Y, Ren L, Shi W, Yuan X. Membrane Stabilization of Poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polypeptide-g-trehalose Assists Cryopreservation of Red Blood Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:3294-3303. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lingyue Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qifa Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shuhui Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yunhui Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lixia Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wenxiong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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48
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Hema K, Gonnade RG, Sureshan KM. Crystal‐to‐Crystal Synthesis of Helically Ordered Polymers of Trehalose by Topochemical Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:2897-2903. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuntrapakam Hema
- School of ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Rajesh G. Gonnade
- Physics and Materials Chemistry DivisionNational Chemical Laboratory Pune 411008 India
| | - Kana M. Sureshan
- School of ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
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49
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Diaz-Dussan D, Peng YY, Sengupta J, Zabludowski R, Adam MK, Acker JP, Ben RN, Kumar P, Narain R. Trehalose-Based Polyethers for Cryopreservation and Three-Dimensional Cell Scaffolds. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:1264-1273. [PMID: 31913606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The capability to slow ice growth and recrystallization is compulsory in the cryopreservation of cells and tissues to avoid injuries associated with the physical and chemical responses of freezing and thawing. Cryoprotective agents (CPAs) have been used to restrain cryoinjury and improve cell survival, but some of these compounds pose greater risks for the clinical application of cryopreserved cells due to their inherent toxicity. Trehalose is known for its unique physicochemical properties and its interaction with the phospholipids of the plasma membrane, which can reduce cell osmotic stress and stabilized the cryopreserved cells. Nonetheless, there has been a shortage of relevant studies on the synthesis of trehalose-based CPAs. We hereby report the synthesis and evaluation of a trehalose-based polymer and hydrogel and its use as a cryoprotectant and three-dimensional (3D) cell scaffold for cell encapsulation and organoid production. In vitro cytotoxicity studies with the trehalose-based polymers (poly(Tre-ECH)) demonstrated biocompatibility up to 100 mg/mL. High post-thaw cell membrane integrity and post-thaw cell plating efficiencies were achieved after 24 h of incubation with skin fibroblast, HeLa (cervical), and PC3 (prostate) cancer cell lines under both controlled-rate and ultrarapid freezing protocols. Differential scanning calorimetry and a splat cooling assay for the determination of ice recrystallization inhibition activity corroborated the unique properties of these trehalose-based polyethers as cryoprotectants. Furthermore, the ability to form hydrogels as 3D cell scaffolds encourages the use of these novel polymers in the development of cell organoids and cryopreservation platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Diaz-Dussan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T5B 4E4 Alberta, Canada
| | - Yi-Yang Peng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T5B 4E4 Alberta, Canada
| | - Jayeeta Sengupta
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T5B 4E4 Alberta, Canada
| | - Rebecca Zabludowski
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T5B 4E4 Alberta, Canada
| | - Madeleine K Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1N 6N5 Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason P Acker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T5B 4E4 Alberta, Canada.,Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, T6G 2R8 Alberta, Canada
| | - Robert N Ben
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1N 6N5 Ontario, Canada
| | - Piyush Kumar
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, T6G 1Z2 Alberta, Canada
| | - Ravin Narain
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T5B 4E4 Alberta, Canada
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50
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Hema K, Gonnade RG, Sureshan KM. Crystal‐to‐Crystal Synthesis of Helically Ordered Polymers of Trehalose by Topochemical Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuntrapakam Hema
- School of ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Rajesh G. Gonnade
- Physics and Materials Chemistry DivisionNational Chemical Laboratory Pune 411008 India
| | - Kana M. Sureshan
- School of ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
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