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Hu L, Liu Y, Yuan Z, Guo H, Duan R, Ke P, Meng Y, Tian X, Xiao F. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase alleviates epileptic seizures by repressing reactive oxygen species production to promote signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-mediated N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptors inhibition. Redox Biol 2024; 74:103236. [PMID: 38875958 PMCID: PMC11225908 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of epilepsy remains unclear; however, a prevailing hypothesis suggests that the primary underlying cause is an imbalance between neuronal excitability and inhibition. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a key enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway, which is primarily involved in deoxynucleic acid synthesis and antioxidant defense mechanisms and exhibits increased expression during the chronic phase of epilepsy, predominantly colocalizing with neurons. G6PD overexpression significantly reduces the frequency and duration of spontaneous recurrent seizures. Furthermore, G6PD overexpression enhances signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) expression, thus influencing N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptors expression, and subsequently affecting seizure activity. Importantly, the regulation of STAT1 by G6PD appears to be mediated primarily through reactive oxygen species signaling pathways. Collectively, our findings highlight the pivotal role of G6PD in modulating epileptogenesis, and suggest its potential as a therapeutic target for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ziwei Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Haokun Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ran Duan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Pingyang Ke
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yuan Meng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China; Key Laboratory of Major Brain Disease and Aging Research (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China; Key Laboratory of Major Brain Disease and Aging Research (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Sharallah OA, Poddar NK, Alwadan OA. Delineation of the role of G6PD in Alzheimer's disease and potential enhancement through microfluidic and nanoparticle approaches. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102394. [PMID: 38950868 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative pathologic entity characterized by the abnormal presence of tau and macromolecular Aβ deposition that leads to the degeneration or death of neurons. In addition to that, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) has a multifaceted role in the process of AD development, where it can be used as both a marker and a target. G6PD activity is dysregulated due to its contribution to oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal death. In this context, the current review presents a vivid depiction of recent findings on the relationship between AD progression and changes in the expression or activity of G6PD. The efficacy of the proposed G6PD-based therapeutics has been demonstrated in multiple studies using AD mouse models as representative animal model systems for cognitive decline and neurodegeneration associated with this disease. Innovative therapeutic insights are made for the boosting of G6PD activity via novel innovative nanotechnology and microfluidics tools in drug administration technology. Such approaches provide innovative methods of surpassing the blood-brain barrier, targeting step-by-step specific neural pathways, and overcoming biochemical disturbances that accompany AD. Using different nanoparticles loaded with G6DP to target specific organs, e.g., G6DP-loaded liposomes, enhances BBB penetration and brain distribution of G6DP. Many nanoparticles, which are used for different purposes, are briefly discussed in the paper. Such methods to mimic BBB on organs on-chip offer precise disease modeling and drug testing using microfluidic chips, requiring lower sample amounts and producing faster findings compared to conventional techniques. There are other contributions to microfluid in AD that are discussed briefly. However, there are some limitations accompanying microfluidics that need to be worked on to be used for AD. This study aims to bridge the gap in understanding AD with the synergistic use of promising technologies; microfluid and nanotechnology for future advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnya A Sharallah
- PharmD Program, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (EJUST), New Borg El Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Nitesh Kumar Poddar
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Dehmi Kalan, Jaipur-Ajmer Expressway, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India.
| | - Omnia A Alwadan
- PharmD Program, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (EJUST), New Borg El Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
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Schwarz JE, Sengupta A, Guevara C, Barber AF, Hsu CT, Zhang SL, Weljie A, Sehgal A. Age-regulated cycling metabolites are relevant for behavior. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14082. [PMID: 38204362 PMCID: PMC11019118 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian cycles of sleep:wake and gene expression change with age in all organisms examined. Metabolism is also under robust circadian regulation, but little is known about how metabolic cycles change with age and whether these contribute to the regulation of behavioral cycles. To address this gap, we compared cycling of metabolites in young and old Drosophila and found major age-related variations. A significant model separated the young metabolic profiles by circadian timepoint, but could not be defined for the old metabolic profiles due to the greater variation in this dataset. Of the 159 metabolites measured in fly heads, we found 17 that cycle by JTK analysis in young flies and 17 in aged. Only four metabolites overlapped in the two groups, suggesting that cycling metabolites are distinct in young and old animals. Among our top cyclers exclusive to young flies were components of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). As the PPP is important for buffering reactive oxygen species, and overexpression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), a key component of the PPP, was previously shown to extend lifespan in Drosophila, we asked if this manipulation also affects sleep:wake cycles. We found that overexpression in circadian clock neurons decreases sleep in association with an increase in cellular calcium and mitochondrial oxidation, suggesting that altering PPP activity affects neuronal activity. Our findings elucidate the importance of metabolic regulation in maintaining patterns of neural activity, and thereby sleep:wake cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E. Schwarz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Arjun Sengupta
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Camilo Guevara
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Annika F. Barber
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Present address:
Waksman Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, RutgersThe State University of New JerseyNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Cynthia T. Hsu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Shirley L. Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Present address:
Department of Cell BiologyEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Aalim Weljie
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Amita Sehgal
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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Drake DM, Zhen D, Kerrebijn I, Or B, Gao S, Afsharian K, Tran J, Bhatia S, Cheng A, Wells PG. Breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) protection in altered gene expression and neurodevelopmental disorders due to physiological and ethanol-enhanced reactive oxygen species formation. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:272-284. [PMID: 37541454 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The breast cancer 1 (Brca1) susceptibility gene regulates the repair of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated DNA damage, which is implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders. Alcohol (ethanol, EtOH) exposure during pregnancy causes fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), including abnormal brain function, associated with enhanced ROS-initiated DNA damage. Herein, oxidative DNA damage in fetal brains and neurodevelopmental disorders were enhanced in saline-exposed +/- vs. +/+ Brca1 littermates. A single EtOH exposure during gestation further enhanced oxidative DNA damage, altered the expression of developmental/DNA damage response genes in fetal brains, and resulted in neurodevelopmental disorders, all of which were BRCA1-dependent. Pretreatment with the ROS inhibitor phenylbutylnitrone (PBN) blocked DNA damage and some neurodevelopmental disorders in both saline- and EtOH-exposed progeny, corroborating a ROS-dependent mechanism. Fetal BRCA1 protects against altered gene expression and neurodevelopmental disorders caused by both physiological and EtOH-enhanced levels of ROS formation. BRCA1 deficiencies may enhance the risk for FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Drake
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Pharmaceutical Oncology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danlin Zhen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabel Kerrebijn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin Or
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sophie Gao
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kian Afsharian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Pharmaceutical Oncology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason Tran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shama Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Pharmaceutical Oncology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashley Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Pharmaceutical Oncology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter G Wells
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Pharmaceutical Oncology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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5
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Tiberi J, Cesarini V, Stefanelli R, Canterini S, Fiorenza MT, Rosa PL. Sex differences in antioxidant defence and the regulation of redox homeostasis in physiology and pathology. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 211:111802. [PMID: 36958540 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a term that defines a group of unstable compounds derived from exogenous sources or endogenous metabolism. Under physiological conditions, low levels of ROS play a key role in the regulation of signal transduction- or transcription-mediated cellular responses. In contrast, excessive and uncontrolled loading of ROS results in a pathological state known as oxidative stress (OS), a leading contributor to aging and a pivotal factor for the onset and progression of many disorders. Evolution has endowed cells with an antioxidant system involved in stabilizing ROS levels to a specific threshold, preserving ROS-induced signalling function and limiting negative side effects. In mammals, a great deal of evidence indicates that females defence against ROS is more proficient than males, determining a longer lifespan and lower incidence of most chronic diseases. In this review, we will summarize the most recent sex-related differences in the regulation of redox homeostasis. We will highlight the peculiar aspects of the antioxidant defence in sex-biased diseases whose onset or progression is driven by OS, and we will discuss the molecular, genetic, and evolutionary determinants of female proficiency to cope with ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Tiberi
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; PhD program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeriana Cesarini
- Department of Biomedicine Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Stefanelli
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Canterini
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Fiorenza
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio La Rosa
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
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Homeostasis of carbohydrates and reactive oxygen species is critically changed in the brain of middle-aged mice: molecular mechanisms and functional reasons. BBA ADVANCES 2023; 3:100077. [PMID: 37082254 PMCID: PMC10074963 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2023.100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is an organ that consumes a lot of energy. In the brain, energy is required for synaptic transmission, numerous biosynthetic processes and axonal transport in neurons, and for many supportive functions of glial cells. The main source of energy in the brain is glucose and to a lesser extent lactate and ketone bodies. ATP is formed at glucose catabolism via glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) within mitochondria being the main source of ATP. With age, brain's energy metabolism is disturbed, involving a decrease in glycolysis and mitochondrial dysfunction. The latter is accompanied by intensified generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in ETC leading to oxidative stress. Recently, we have found that crucial changes in energy metabolism and intensity of oxidative stress in the mouse brain occur in middle age with minor progression in old age. In this review, we analyze the metabolic changes and functional causes that lead to these changes in the aging brain.
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7
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Leung D, Price ZK, Lokman NA, Wang W, Goonetilleke L, Kadife E, Oehler MK, Ricciardelli C, Kannourakis G, Ahmed N. Platinum-resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer: an interplay of epithelial-mesenchymal transition interlinked with reprogrammed metabolism. J Transl Med 2022; 20:556. [PMID: 36463238 PMCID: PMC9719259 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03776-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynaecological cancer worldwide. Chemotherapy resistance represents a significant clinical challenge and is the main reason for poor ovarian cancer prognosis. We identified novel expression of markers related to epithelial mesenchymal transitions (EMT) in a carboplatin resistant ovarian cancer cell line by proteomics. This was validated in the platinum resistant versus sensitive parental cell lines, as well as platinum resistant versus sensitive human ovarian cancer patient samples. The prognostic significance of the different proteomics-identified marker proteins in prognosis prediction on survival as well as their correlative association and influence on immune cell infiltration was determined by public domain data bases. METHODS We explored the proteomic differences between carboplatin-sensitive OVCAR5 cells (parental) and their carboplatin-resistant counterpart, OVCAR5 CBPR cells. qPCR and western blots were performed to validate differentially expressed proteins at the mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Association of the identified proteins with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) prompted the investigation of cell motility. Cellular bioenergetics and proliferation were studied to delineate any biological adaptations that facilitate cancer progression. Expression of differentially expressed proteins was assessed in ovarian tumors obtained from platinum-sensitive (n = 15) versus platinum-resistant patients (n = 10), as well as matching tumors from patients at initial diagnosis and following relapse (n = 4). Kaplan-Meier plotter and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) databases were used to determine the prognostic significance and influence of the different proteomics-identified proteins on immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment (TME). RESULTS Our proteomics study identified 2422 proteins in both cell lines. Of these, 18 proteins were upregulated and 14 were downregulated by ≥ twofold (p < 0.05) in OVCAR5 CBPR cells. Gene ontology enrichment analysis amongst upregulated proteins revealed an overrepresentation of biological processes consistent with EMT in the resistant cell line. Enhanced mRNA and/or protein expression of the identified EMT modulators including ITGA2, TGFBI, AKR1B1, ITGAV, ITGA1, GFPT2, FLNA and G6PD were confirmed in OVCAR5 CBPR cells compared to parental OVCAR5 cell line. Consistent with the altered EMT profile, the OVCAR5 CBPR cells demonstrated enhanced migration and reduced proliferation, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation. The upregulation of G6PD, AKR1B1, ITGAV, and TGFβ1 in OVCAR5 CBPR cells was also identified in the tumors of platinum-resistant compared to platinum-sensitive high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) patients. Matching tumors of relapsed versus newly diagnosed HGSOC patients also showed enhanced expression of AKR1B1, ITGAV, TGFβ1 and G6PD protein in relapsed tumors. Among the identified proteins, significant enhanced expression of GFPT2, FLNA, TGFBI (CDGG1), ITGA2 predicted unfavorable prognosis in ovarian cancer patients. Further analysis suggested that the expression of TGFBI to correlate positively with the expression of identified and validated proteins such as GFPT2, FLNA, G6PD, ITGAV, ITGA1 and ITGA2; and with the infiltration of CD8+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells in the TME. CONCLUSIONS Our research demonstrates proteomic-based discovery of novel EMT-related markers with an altered metabolic profile in platinum-resistant versus sensitive ovarian cancer cell lines. The study also confirms the expression of selected identified markers in the tumors of platinum-resistant versus sensitive, and in matching relapsed versus newly diagnosed HGSOC patients. The study provides insights into the metabolic adaptation of EMT-induced carboplatin resistant cells that confers on them reduced proliferation to provide effective migratory advantage; and the role of some of these identified proteins in ovarian cancer prognosis. These observations warrant further investigation of these novel target proteins in platinum-resistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilys Leung
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat Central Technology Central Park, Ballarat, Vic 3353 Australia
| | - Zoe K. Price
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - Noor A. Lokman
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - Wanqi Wang
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - Lizamarie Goonetilleke
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - Elif Kadife
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat Central Technology Central Park, Ballarat, Vic 3353 Australia
| | - Martin K. Oehler
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia ,grid.416075.10000 0004 0367 1221Department of Gynecological Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000 Australia
| | - Carmela Ricciardelli
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - George Kannourakis
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat Central Technology Central Park, Ballarat, Vic 3353 Australia ,grid.1040.50000 0001 1091 4859School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University, Mt Helen, VIC 3350 Australia
| | - Nuzhat Ahmed
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat Central Technology Central Park, Ballarat, Vic 3353 Australia ,grid.1040.50000 0001 1091 4859School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University, Mt Helen, VIC 3350 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Department of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168 Australia
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Glucose 6-P Dehydrogenase—An Antioxidant Enzyme with Regulatory Functions in Skeletal Muscle during Exercise. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193041. [PMID: 36231003 PMCID: PMC9563910 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypomorphic Glucose 6-P dehydrogenase (G6PD) alleles, which cause G6PD deficiency, affect around one in twenty people worldwide. The high incidence of G6PD deficiency may reflect an evolutionary adaptation to the widespread prevalence of malaria, as G6PD-deficient red blood cells (RBCs) are hostile to the malaria parasites that infect humans. Although medical interest in this enzyme deficiency has been mainly focused on RBCs, more recent evidence suggests that there are broader implications for G6PD deficiency in health, including in skeletal muscle diseases. G6PD catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), which provides the precursors of nucleotide synthesis for DNA replication as well as reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). NADPH is involved in the detoxification of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and de novo lipid synthesis. An association between increased PPP activity and the stimulation of cell growth has been reported in different tissues including the skeletal muscle, liver, and kidney. PPP activity is increased in skeletal muscle during embryogenesis, denervation, ischemia, mechanical overload, the injection of myonecrotic agents, and physical exercise. In fact, the highest relative increase in the activity of skeletal muscle enzymes after one bout of exhaustive exercise is that of G6PD, suggesting that the activation of the PPP occurs in skeletal muscle to provide substrates for muscle repair. The age-associated loss in muscle mass and strength leads to a decrease in G6PD activity and protein content in skeletal muscle. G6PD overexpression in Drosophila Melanogaster and mice protects against metabolic stress, oxidative damage, and age-associated functional decline, and results in an extended median lifespan. This review discusses whether the well-known positive effects of exercise training in skeletal muscle are mediated through an increase in G6PD.
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Hernández-Ochoa B, Ortega-Cuellar D, González-Valdez A, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N, Mendoza-Torreblanca JG, Contreras-García IJ, Pichardo-Macías LA, Bandala C, Gómez-Manzo S. COVID-19 in G6PD-deficient patients, oxidative stress, and neuropathology. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:1307-1325. [PMID: 35578850 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220516111122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is an enzyme that regulates energy metabolism mainly through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). It is well known that this enzyme participates in the antioxidant/oxidant balance via the synthesis of energy-rich molecules: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced (NADPH), the reduced form of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH) and glutathione (GSH), controlling reactive oxygen species generation. Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is considered a public health problem which has caused approximately 4.5 million deaths since December 2019. In relation to the role of G6PD in COVID-19 development, it is known from the existing literature that G6PD-deficient patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 are more susceptible to thrombosis and hemolysis, suggesting that G6PD deficiency facilitates infection by SARS-CoV-2. In relation to G6PD and neuropathology, it has been observed that deficiency of this enzyme is also present with an increase in oxidative markers. In relation to the role of G6PD and the neurological manifestations of COVID-19, it has been reported that the enzymatic deficiency in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 exacerbates the disease, and, in some clinical reports, an increase in hemolysis and thrombosis was observed when patients were treated with hydroxychloroquine (OH-CQ), a drug with oxidative properties. In the present work, we summarize the evidence of the role of G6PD in COVID-19 and its possible role in the generation of oxidative stress and glucose metabolism deficits and inflammation present in this respiratory disease and its progression including neurological manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Hernández-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, 06720, Mexico
| | - Daniel Ortega-Cuellar
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Abigail González-Valdez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Noemí Cárdenas-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, 04530, Mexico
| | | | | | - Luz Adriana Pichardo-Macías
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City, 07738, Mexico
| | - Cindy Bandala
- Division de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, 14389, Mexico.,Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico
| | - Saúl Gómez-Manzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, 04530, Mexico
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Koperniku A, Garcia AA, Mochly-Rosen D. Boosting the Discovery of Small Molecule Inhibitors of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase for the Treatment of Cancer, Infectious Diseases, and Inflammation. J Med Chem 2022; 65:4403-4423. [PMID: 35239352 PMCID: PMC9553131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We present an overview of small molecule glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) inhibitors that have potential for use in the treatment of cancer, infectious diseases, and inflammation. Both steroidal and nonsteroidal inhibitors have been identified with steroidal inhibitors lacking target selectivity. The main scaffolds encountered in nonsteroidal inhibitors are quinazolinones and benzothiazinones/benzothiazepinones. Three molecules show promise for development as antiparasitic (25 and 29) and anti-inflammatory (32) agents. Regarding modality of inhibition (MOI), steroidal inhibitors have been shown to be uncompetitive and reversible. Nonsteroidal small molecules have exhibited all types of MOI. Strategies to boost the discovery of small molecule G6PD inhibitors include exploration of structure-activity relationships (SARs) for established inhibitors, employment of high-throughput screening (HTS), and fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) for the identification of new hits. We discuss the challenges and gaps associated with drug discovery efforts of G6PD inhibitors from in silico, in vitro, and in cellulo to in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Koperniku
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 269 Campus Dr, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Corresponding Author: Ana Koperniku,
| | - Adriana A. Garcia
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 269 Campus Dr, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 269 Campus Dr, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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11
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Metabolic Features of Brain Function with Relevance to Clinical Features of Alzheimer and Parkinson Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030951. [PMID: 35164216 PMCID: PMC8839962 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metabolism is comprised in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Since the brain primarily relies on metabolism of glucose, ketone bodies, and amino acids, aspects of these metabolic processes in these disorders—and particularly how these altered metabolic processes are related to oxidative and/or nitrosative stress and the resulting damaged targets—are reviewed in this paper. Greater understanding of the decreased functions in brain metabolism in AD and PD is posited to lead to potentially important therapeutic strategies to address both of these disorders, which cause relatively long-lasting decreased quality of life in patients.
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12
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Garcia AA, Koperniku A, Ferreira JCB, Mochly-Rosen D. Treatment strategies for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: past and future perspectives. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:829-844. [PMID: 34389161 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) maintains redox balance in a variety of cell types and is essential for erythrocyte resistance to oxidative stress. G6PD deficiency, caused by mutations in the G6PD gene, is present in ~400 million people worldwide, and can cause acute hemolytic anemia. Currently, there are no therapeutics for G6PD deficiency. We discuss the role of G6PD in hemolytic and nonhemolytic disorders, treatment strategies attempted over the years, and potential reasons for their failure. We also discuss potential pharmacological pathways, including glutathione (GSH) metabolism, compensatory NADPH production routes, transcriptional upregulation of the G6PD gene, highlighting potential drug targets. The needs and opportunities described here may motivate the development of a therapeutic for hematological and other chronic diseases associated with G6PD deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana A Garcia
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ana Koperniku
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julio C B Ferreira
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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13
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Moreira DC, Paula DP, Hermes-Lima M. Changes in metabolism and antioxidant systems during tropical diapause in the sunflower caterpillar Chlosyne lacinia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 134:103581. [PMID: 33910100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Insect diapause shares many biochemical features with other states of metabolic depression, including the suppression of global metabolism, reorganization of metabolic pathways and improved stress resistance. However, little is known about the biochemical changes associated with the diapause phenotype in tropical insects. To investigate biochemical adaptations associated with tropical diapause, we measured the activities of metabolic and antioxidant enzymes, as well as glutathione levels, in the sunflower caterpillar Chlosyne lacinia at different times after initiation of diapause (<1, 20, 40, 60, and 120 days) and after arousal from diapause. Biochemical changes occurred early in diapausing animals, between the first 24 h and 20 days of diapause. Diapausing animals had reduced oxidative capacity associated with a decrease in the activities of peroxide-decomposing antioxidant enzymes. There was no sign of redox imbalance either during diapause or after recovery from diapause. Noteworthy, glutathione transferase and isocitrate dehydrogenase-NADP+ activities sharply increased in diapausing animals and stand out as diapause-associated proteins. The upregulation of these two enzymes ultimately indicate the occurrence of Preparation for Oxidative Stress in the tropical diapause of C. lacinia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Moreira
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa em Morfologia e Imunologia Aplicada, NuPMIA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Débora P Paula
- Laboratório de Ecologia Molecular, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Hermes-Lima
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
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14
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Mondal A, Mukherjee S, Dar W, Singh S, Pati S. Role of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and its association to Autism Spectrum Disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166185. [PMID: 34087423 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a common group of neurodevelopmental disorders which causes significant alterations in social and communication skills along with repetitive behavior and limited interests. The physiological understanding of ASD is ambiguous. Several reports suggested that environmental, genetic and epigenetic changes, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic alterations orchestrate the pathological outcomes of ASD. A recent report from Saudi Arabia found a mutation in X-chromosomal housekeeping glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) gene in two male ASD patients. Although, the involvement of G6PD-deficiency in the pathogenesis of ASD is poorly understood. Several reports suggested that G6PD deficiency impedes cellular detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may result in neuronal damage and neuroinflammation. A deficiency of G6PD in newborn children may play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of ASD. In this review, we will discuss the implications of G6PD deficiency in pathogenesis, male biasness and theranostics in ASD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Mondal
- Neurobiology and Disease Modelling Laboratory, Host-Pathogen Interactions & Disease Modeling Group, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida 201314, India
| | - Soumyadeep Mukherjee
- Neurobiology and Disease Modelling Laboratory, Host-Pathogen Interactions & Disease Modeling Group, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida 201314, India
| | - Waseem Dar
- Neurobiology and Disease Modelling Laboratory, Host-Pathogen Interactions & Disease Modeling Group, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida 201314, India
| | - Shailja Singh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
| | - Soumya Pati
- Neurobiology and Disease Modelling Laboratory, Host-Pathogen Interactions & Disease Modeling Group, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida 201314, India.
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15
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Bayliak MM, Mosiichuk NM, Sorochynska OM, Kuzniak OV, Sishchuk LO, Hrushchenko AO, Semchuk AO, Pryimak TV, Vasylyk YV, Gospodaryov DV, Storey KB, Garaschuk O, Lushchak VI. Middle aged turn point in parameters of oxidative stress and glucose catabolism in mouse cerebellum during lifespan: minor effects of every-other-day fasting. Biogerontology 2021; 22:315-328. [PMID: 33786674 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-021-09918-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The cerebellum is considered to develop aging markers more slowly than other parts of the brain. Intensification of free radical processes and compromised bioenergetics, critical hallmarks of normal brain aging, may be slowed down by caloric restriction. This study aimed to evaluate the intensity of oxidative stress and the enzymatic potential to utilize glucose via glycolysis or the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) in the cerebellum of mice under ad libitum versus every-other-day fasting (EODF) feeding regimens. Levels of lipid peroxides, activities of antioxidant and key glycolytic and PPP enzymes were measured in young (6-month), middle-aged (12-month) and old (18-month) C57BL/6J mice. The cerebellum showed the most dramatic increase in lipid peroxide levels, antioxidant capacity and PPP key enzyme activities and the sharpest decline in the activities of key glycolytic enzymes under transition from young to middle age but these changes slowed when transiting from middle to old age. A decrease in the activity of the key glycolytic enzyme phosphofructokinase was accompanied by a concomitant increase in the activities of hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), which may suggest that during normal cerebellar aging glucose metabolism shifts from glycolysis to the pentose phosphate pathway. The data indicate that intensification of free radical processes in the cerebellum occurred by middle age and that activation of the PPP together with increased antioxidant capacity can help to resist these changes into old age. However, the EODF regime did not significantly modulate or alleviate any of the metabolic processes studied in this analysis of the aging cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Bayliak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko St., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Nadia M Mosiichuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko St., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Oksana M Sorochynska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko St., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Oksana V Kuzniak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko St., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Lesia O Sishchuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko St., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Anastasiia O Hrushchenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko St., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Alina O Semchuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko St., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Taras V Pryimak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko St., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Yulia V Vasylyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko St., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro V Gospodaryov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko St., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Olga Garaschuk
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Tübingen, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Volodymyr I Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko St., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine.
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16
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Kazak F, Akalın PP, Yarım GF, Başpınar N, Özdemir Ö, Ateş MB, Altuğ ME, Deveci MZY. Protective effects of nobiletin on cisplatin induced neurotoxicity in rats. Int J Neurosci 2021; 132:1-7. [PMID: 33650929 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2021.1896507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was designed to investigate the possible antioxidant, antiapoptotic and neuroprotective effects of nobiletin on cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity rat model by evaluating neurotrophins, antioxidants and histopathology. METHODS Forty male Wistar Albino rats were divided into four groups: control, cisplatin (CIS), cisplatin + nobiletin (CIS + NOB) and nobiletin + cisplatin (NOB + CIS). CIS + NOB was applied nobiletin (10 mg/kg, i.p.) during the last four days whereas NOB + CIS was applied nobiletin during the first four days of the study. Cisplatin (4 mg/kg, i.p. twice a day) was administered to the experimental groups on the 5th day of the study. All rats were sacrificed on the 10th day of the study. BDNF, NGF, G6PD, GPx, tGSH and MDA levels were determined in brain. In addition, routin histolopathological analysis and caspase-3 immunoreactivity assay were conducted. RESULTS BDNF concentrations increased in nobiletin-administered groups, compared to Control and CIS and that the increase was statistically significant in NOB + CIS (p < 0.05). It was also found that G6PD activity increased (p < 0.05) in the nobiletin-administered groups, compared to control and CIS. Histopathologically, neuronal degeneration, oedema and gliosis increased in CIS compared to Control, and nobiletin administration decreased neuronal degeneration and oedema compared to CIS (p < 0.05). Cisplatin increased (p < 0.05) caspase-3 immunoreactivity in cerebrovascular endothelium and neurons compared to Control, while nobiletin administration decreased caspase-3 immunoreactivity in cerebrovascular endothelium. Caspase-3 immunoreactivity in neurons decreased only in NOB + CIS (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Nobiletin increased BDNF concentration and G6PD activity in brain and when evaluated together with histopathological and immunohistochemical findings, it may have antioxidant, antiapoptotic and neuroprotective effects against cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Kazak
- Department of Biochemistry, Veterinary Faculty, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Pınar Peker Akalın
- Department of Biochemistry, Veterinary Faculty, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Gül Fatma Yarım
- Department of Biochemistry, Veterinary Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Nuri Başpınar
- Department of Biochemistry, Veterinary Faculty, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Özgür Özdemir
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Burak Ateş
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Enes Altuğ
- Department of Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
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17
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Zhang Z, Sun GY, Ding S. Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Focal Ischemic Stroke. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2638-2650. [PMID: 33591443 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Focal ischemic stroke (FIS) is a leading cause of human debilitation and death. Following the onset of a FIS, the brain experiences a series of spatiotemporal changes which are exemplified in different pathological processes. One prominent feature of FIS is the development of reactive astrogliosis and glial scar formation in the peri-infarct region (PIR). During the subacute phase, astrocytes in PIR are activated, referred to as reactive astrocytes (RAs), exhibit changes in morphology (hypotrophy), show an increased proliferation capacity, and altered gene expression profile, a phenomenon known as reactive astrogliosis. Subsequently, the morphology of RAs remains stable, and proliferation starts to decline together with the formation of glial scars. Reactive astrogliosis and glial scar formation eventually cause substantial tissue remodeling and changes in permanent structure around the PIR. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was originally isolated from a rat glioma cell-line and regarded as a potent survival neurotrophic factor. Under normal conditions, GDNF is expressed in neurons but is upregulated in RAs after FIS. This review briefly describes properties of GDNF, its receptor-mediated signaling pathways, as well as recent studies regarding the role of RAs-derived GDNF in neuronal protection and brain recovery. These results provide evidence suggesting an important role of RA-derived GDNF in intrinsic brain repair and recovery after FIS, and thus targeting GDNF in RAs may be effective for stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Grace Y Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Shinghua Ding
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri-Columbia, 134 Research Park Drive, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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18
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Yan X, Hu Y, Wang B, Wang S, Zhang X. Metabolic Dysregulation Contributes to the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:530219. [PMID: 33250703 PMCID: PMC7674854 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.530219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease. Numerous studies have demonstrated a critical role for dysregulated glucose metabolism in its pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize metabolic alterations in aging brain and AD-related metabolic deficits associated with glucose metabolism dysregulation, glycolysis dysfunction, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) deficits, and pentose phosphate pathway impairment. Additionally, we discuss recent treatment strategies targeting metabolic defects in AD, including their limitations, in an effort to encourage the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yan
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Hu
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Biyao Wang
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Sijian Wang
- Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
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19
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Gong C, Qiao L, Feng R, Xu Q, Zhang Y, Fang Z, Shen J, Li S. IL-6-induced acetylation of E2F1 aggravates oxidative damage of retinal pigment epithelial cell line. Exp Eye Res 2020; 200:108219. [PMID: 32910941 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative damage in retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) is considered to be a crucial pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Although dysregulation of the DNA repair system has been found in RPE cells of AMD patients, the detailed molecular mechanisms of this dysregulation and their relationship with the intraocular microenvironment of AMD patients remain unclear. Here, we established an RPE model of H2O2-induced oxidative stress and found that Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1)-mediated deacetylation of E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) was required for oxidation resistance in RPE cells. Moreover, E2F1 induced the expression of the chromatin-binding protein, high mobility group AT-Hook 1 (HMGA1), which promoted the transcription of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway, to increase NADPH level for antioxidant defense. Interrupting the E2F1/HMGA1/G6PD regulatory axis increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, DNA damage, and apoptosis in RPE cells under oxidative stress. Notably, interleukin 6 (IL-6), an inflammatory cytokine that is known to be upregulated in the intraocular fluid of AMD patients, induced phosphorylation (S47) of Sirt1 by activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, thereby inhibiting Sirt1 activity and increasing the acetylation of E2F1. Specific inhibitors of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling decreased DNA damage and ROS while increasing NADPH in RPE cells. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that IL-6-induced acetylation of E2F1 impairs the antioxidant capacity of RPE cells by disturbing the pentose phosphate pathway, which elucidates a relationship between the intraocular microenvironment and RPE oxidative damage in AMD and provides a possible therapeutic target for AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoju Gong
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Eye Institute of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, 221100, China
| | - Lei Qiao
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Eye Institute of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, 221100, China
| | - Ruifang Feng
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Eye Institute of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, 221100, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Eye Institute of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, 221100, China
| | - Yipeng Zhang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Eye Institute of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, 221100, China
| | - Zejun Fang
- Central Laboratory, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang, Sanmenwan Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Sanmen, 317100, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Nursing, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Eye Institute of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, 221100, China.
| | - Suyan Li
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Eye Institute of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, 221100, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Eye Institute of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, 221100, China.
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20
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Zhang N, Zhang Z, He R, Li H, Ding S. GLAST-CreER T2 mediated deletion of GDNF increases brain damage and exacerbates long-term stroke outcomes after focal ischemic stroke in mouse model. Glia 2020; 68:2395-2414. [PMID: 32497340 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Focal ischemic stroke (FIS) is a leading cause of human death. Glial scar formation largely caused by reactive astrogliosis in peri-infarct region (PIR) is the hallmark of FIS. Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was originally isolated from a rat glioma cell-line supernatant and is a potent survival neurotrophic factor. Here, using CreERT2 -LoxP recombination technology, we generated inducible and astrocyte-specific GDNF conditional knockout (cKO), that is, GLAST-GDNF-/- cKO mice to investigate the effect of reactive astrocytes (RAs)-derived GDNF on neuronal death, brain damage, oxidative stress and motor function recovery after photothrombosis (PT)-induced FIS. Under non-ischemic conditions, we found that adult GLAST-GDNF-/- cKO mice exhibited significant lower numbers of Brdu+, Ki67+ cells, and DCX+ cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) in hippocampus than GDNF floxed (GDNFf/f ) control (Ctrl) mice, indicating endogenous astrocytic GDNF can promote adult neurogenesis. Under ischemic conditions, GLAST-GDNF-/- cKO mice had a significant increase in infarct volume, hippocampal damage and FJB+ degenerating neurons after PT as compared with the Ctrl mice. GLAST-GDNF-/- cKO mice also had lower densities of Brdu+ and Ki67+ cells in the PIR and exhibited larger behavioral deficits than the Ctrl mice. Mechanistically, GDNF deficiency in astrocytes increased oxidative stress through the downregulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in RAs. In summary, our study indicates that RAs-derived endogenous GDNF plays important roles in reducing brain damage and promoting brain recovery after FIS through neural regeneration and suggests that promoting anti-oxidant mechanism in RAs is a potential strategy in stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Zhang
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Rui He
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Hailong Li
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Shinghua Ding
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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21
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Saddala MS, Lennikov A, Huang H. Discovery of Small-Molecule Activators for Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Using Machine Learning Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041523. [PMID: 32102234 PMCID: PMC7073180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a ubiquitous cytoplasmic enzyme converting glucose-6-phosphate into 6-phosphogluconate in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). The G6PD deficiency renders the inability to regenerate glutathione due to lack of Nicotine Adenosine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) and produces stress conditions that can cause oxidative injury to photoreceptors, retinal cells, and blood barrier function. In this study, we constructed pharmacophore-based models based on the complex of G6PD with compound AG1 (G6PD activator) followed by virtual screening. Fifty-three hit molecules were mapped with core pharmacophore features. We performed molecular descriptor calculation, clustering, and principal component analysis (PCA) to pharmacophore hit molecules and further applied statistical machine learning methods. Optimal performance of pharmacophore modeling and machine learning approaches classified the 53 hits as drug-like (18) and nondrug-like (35) compounds. The drug-like compounds further evaluated our established cheminformatics pipeline (molecular docking and in silico ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) analysis). Finally, five lead molecules with different scaffolds were selected by binding energies and in silico ADMET properties. This study proposes that the combination of machine learning methods with traditional structure-based virtual screening can effectively strengthen the ability to find potential G6PD activators used for G6PD deficiency diseases. Moreover, these compounds can be considered as safe agents for further validation studies at the cell level, animal model, and even clinic setting.
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22
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Meng S, Xia W, Pan M, Jia Y, He Z, Ge W. Proteomics profiling and pathway analysis of hippocampal aging in rhesus monkeys. BMC Neurosci 2020; 21:2. [PMID: 31941443 PMCID: PMC6964096 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-020-0550-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aged rhesus monkeys exhibit deficits in memory mediated by the hippocampus. Although extensive research has been carried out on the characteristics of human hippocampal aging, there is still very little scientific understanding of the changes associated with hippocampal aging in rhesus monkeys. To explore the proteomics profiling and pathway-related changes in the rhesus hippocampus during the aging process, we conducted a high throughput quantitative proteomics analysis of hippocampal samples from two groups of rhesus macaques aged 6 years and 20 years, using 2-plex tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling. In addition, we used a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis approach to investigate the enriched signaling pathways of differentially expressed proteins (the ratios of 20-years vs. 6-years, ≥ 1.20 or ≤ 0.83). Results In total, 3260 proteins were identified with a high level of confidence in rhesus hippocampus. We found 367 differentially expressed proteins related to rhesus hippocampus aging. Based on biological pathway analysis, we found these aging-related proteins were predominantly enriched in the electron transport chain, NRF2 pathway, focal adhesion–PI3K–AKT–mTOR signaling pathway and cytoplasmic ribosome proteins. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD011398. Conclusion This study provides a detail description of the proteomics profile related to rhesus hippocampal aging. These findings should make an important contribution to further mechanistic studies, marker selection and drug development for the prevention and treatment of aging or age-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Dongdan Santiao 5# Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Wenchao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Dongdan Santiao 5# Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Meng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Dongdan Santiao 5# Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yangjie Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Dongdan Santiao 5# Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Zhanlong He
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China.
| | - Wei Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Dongdan Santiao 5# Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China.
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23
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Loniewska MM, Gupta A, Bhatia S, MacKay-Clackett I, Jia Z, Wells PG. DNA damage and synaptic and behavioural disorders in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient mice. Redox Biol 2020; 28:101332. [PMID: 31581069 PMCID: PMC6812046 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) cannot replenish the cellular antioxidant glutathione, which detoxifies neurodegenerative reactive oxygen species (ROS). To determine the functional consequences of G6PD deficiency, young and aging G6PD-deficient mice were evaluated for brain G6PD activity, DNA damage (comets, γH2AX), Purkinje cell loss, brain function (electrophysiology, behaviour) and lifespan. DNA comet formation was increased and Purkinje cell counts were decreased in a G6pd gene dose-dependent fashion. γH2AX formation varied by age, sex and brain region, with increased levels in G6PD-deficient young and aging females, and in aging males. Aging male G6PD-deficient mice exhibited synaptic dysfunction in hippocampal slices. G6PD-deficient young and aging females exhibited deficits in executive function, and young deficient mice exhibited deficits in social dominance. Conversely, median lifespan in G6PD-deficient females and males was enhanced. Enhanced ROS-initiated brain damage in G6PD deficiency has functional consequences, suggesting that G6PD protects against ROS-mediated neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M Loniewska
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Centre for Pharmaceutical Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anmol Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shama Bhatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Centre for Pharmaceutical Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabel MacKay-Clackett
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhengping Jia
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, and Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter G Wells
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Centre for Pharmaceutical Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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24
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Xie GH, Dai HJ, Liu F, Zhang YP, Zhu L, Nie JJ, Wu JH. A Dual Role of ATM in Ischemic Preconditioning and Ischemic Injury. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 40:785-799. [PMID: 31845160 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00773-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein is regarded as the linchpin of cellular defenses to stress. Deletion of ATM results in strong oxidative stress and degenerative diseases in the nervous system. However, the role of ATM in neuronal ischemic preconditioning and lethal ischemic injury is still largely unknown. In this study, mice cortical neurons preconditioned with sublethal exposure to oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) exhibited ATM/glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase pathway activation. Additionally, pharmacological inhibition of ATM prior to the preconditioning reversed neuroprotection provided by preconditioning in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, we found that ATM/P53 pro-apoptosis pathway was driven by lethal OGD injury, and pharmacological inhibition of ATM during fatal oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion injury promoted neuronal survival. More importantly, inhibition of ATM activity after cerebral ischemia protected against cerebral ischemic-reperfusion damage in mice. In conclusion, our data show the dual role of ATM in neuronal ischemic preconditioning and lethal ischemic injury, involving in the protection of ischemic preconditioning, but promoting neuronal death in lethal ischemic injury. Thus, the present study provides new opportunity for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Hui Xie
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Han-Jun Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Fang Liu
- General surgery department of Xinhua Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430015, China
| | - Ying-Pei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Dong-Hu Road #169, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jun-Jie Nie
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Dong-Hu Road #169, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Dong-Hu Road #169, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
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25
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Milanese C, Bombardieri CR, Sepe S, Barnhoorn S, Payán-Goméz C, Caruso D, Audano M, Pedretti S, Vermeij WP, Brandt RMC, Gyenis A, Wamelink MM, de Wit AS, Janssens RC, Leen R, van Kuilenburg ABP, Mitro N, Hoeijmakers JHJ, Mastroberardino PG. DNA damage and transcription stress cause ATP-mediated redesign of metabolism and potentiation of anti-oxidant buffering. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4887. [PMID: 31653834 PMCID: PMC6814737 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12640-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of DNA lesions causing transcription stress is associated with natural and accelerated aging and culminates with profound metabolic alterations. Our understanding of the mechanisms governing metabolic redesign upon genomic instability, however, is highly rudimentary. Using Ercc1-defective mice and Xpg knock-out mice, we demonstrate that combined defects in transcription-coupled DNA repair (TCR) and in nucleotide excision repair (NER) directly affect bioenergetics due to declined transcription, leading to increased ATP levels. This in turn inhibits glycolysis allosterically and favors glucose rerouting through the pentose phosphate shunt, eventually enhancing production of NADPH-reducing equivalents. In NER/TCR-defective mutants, augmented NADPH is not counterbalanced by increased production of pro-oxidants and thus pentose phosphate potentiation culminates in an over-reduced redox state. Skin fibroblasts from the TCR disease Cockayne syndrome confirm results in animal models. Overall, these findings unravel a mechanism connecting DNA damage and transcriptional stress to metabolic redesign and protective antioxidant defenses. ERCC1 is involved in a number of DNA repair pathways including nucleotide excision repair. Here the authors showed that reduced transcription in Ercc1-deficient mouse livers and cells increases ATP levels, suppressing glycolysis and rerouting glucose into the pentose phosphate shunt that generates reductive stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Milanese
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cíntia R Bombardieri
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sara Sepe
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Barnhoorn
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - César Payán-Goméz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Donatella Caruso
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Audano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Pedretti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Wilbert P Vermeij
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Renata M C Brandt
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Akos Gyenis
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mirjam M Wamelink
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annelieke S de Wit
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roel C Janssens
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - René Leen
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Nico Mitro
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Jan H J Hoeijmakers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Oncode Institute, Princess Máxima Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pier G Mastroberardino
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. .,Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
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26
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Tang BL. Neuroprotection by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and the pentose phosphate pathway. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:14285-14295. [PMID: 31127649 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the rate limiting enzyme that channels glucose catabolism from glycolysis into the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), is vital for the production of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) in cells. NADPH is in turn a substrate for glutathione reductase, which reduces oxidized glutathione disulfide to sulfhydryl glutathione. Best known for inherited deficiencies underlying acute hemolytic anemia due to elevated oxidative stress by food or medication, G6PD, and PPP activation have been associated with neuroprotection. Recent works have now provided more definitive evidence for G6PD's protective role in ischemic brain injury and strengthened its links to neurodegeneration. In Drosophila models, improved proteostasis and lifespan extension result from an increased PPP flux due to G6PD induction, which is phenocopied by transgenic overexpression of G6PD in neurons. Moderate transgenic expression of G6PD was also shown to improve healthspan in mouse. Here, the deciphered and implicated roles of G6PD and PPP in protection against brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and in healthspan/lifespan extensions are discussed together with an important caveat, namely NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity and the oxidative stress generated by the latter. Activation of G6PD with selective inhibition of NOX activity could be a viable neuroprotective strategy for brain injury, disease, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor Luen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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27
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Wang D, Li X, Jiang Y, Jiang Y, Ma W, Yu P, Mao L. Ischemic Postconditioning Recovers Cortex Ascorbic Acid during Ischemia/Reperfusion Monitored with an Online Electrochemical System. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2576-2583. [PMID: 30883085 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As a promising therapeutic treatment, ischemic postconditioning has recently received considerable attention. Although the neuroprotection effect of postconditioning has been observed, a reliable approach that can evaluate the neuroprotective efficiency of postconditioning treatment during the acute period after ischemia remains to be developed. This study investigates the dynamics of cortex ascorbic acid during the acute period of cerebral ischemia before and after ischemic postconditioning with an online electrochemical system (OECS). The cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and the neuronal functional outcome are evaluated with triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, immunohistochemistry, and electrophysiological recording techniques. Electrochemical recording results show that cortex ascorbic acid sharply increases 10 min after middle cerebral artery occlusion and then reaches a plateau. After direct reperfusion following ischemia (i.e., without ischemic postconditioning), the cortex ascorbic acid further increases and then starts to decrease slowly at a time point of about 40 min after reperfusion. In striking contrast, the cortex ascorbic acid drops and recovers to its basal level after ischemic postconditioning followed by reperfusion. With the recovery of cortex ascorbic acid, ischemic postconditioning concomitantly promotes the recovery of neural function and reduces the oxidative damage. These results demonstrate that our OECS for monitoring cortex ascorbic acid can be used as a platform for evaluating the neuroprotective efficiency of ischemic postconditioning in the acute phase of cerebral ischemia, which is of great importance for screening proper postconditioning parameters for preventing ischemic damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalei Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xianchan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yanan Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjie Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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28
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Sbodio JI, Snyder SH, Paul BD. Redox Mechanisms in Neurodegeneration: From Disease Outcomes to Therapeutic Opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1450-1499. [PMID: 29634350 PMCID: PMC6393771 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Once considered to be mere by-products of metabolism, reactive oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur species are now recognized to play important roles in diverse cellular processes such as response to pathogens and regulation of cellular differentiation. It is becoming increasingly evident that redox imbalance can impact several signaling pathways. For instance, disturbances of redox regulation in the brain mediate neurodegeneration and alter normal cytoprotective responses to stress. Very often small disturbances in redox signaling processes, which are reversible, precede damage in neurodegeneration. Recent Advances: The identification of redox-regulated processes, such as regulation of biochemical pathways involved in the maintenance of redox homeostasis in the brain has provided deeper insights into mechanisms of neuroprotection and neurodegeneration. Recent studies have also identified several post-translational modifications involving reactive cysteine residues, such as nitrosylation and sulfhydration, which fine-tune redox regulation. Thus, the study of mechanisms via which cell death occurs in several neurodegenerative disorders, reveal several similarities and dissimilarities. Here, we review redox regulated events that are disrupted in neurodegenerative disorders and whose modulation affords therapeutic opportunities. CRITICAL ISSUES Although accumulating evidence suggests that redox imbalance plays a significant role in progression of several neurodegenerative diseases, precise understanding of redox regulated events is lacking. Probes and methodologies that can precisely detect and quantify in vivo levels of reactive oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur species are not available. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Due to the importance of redox control in physiologic processes, organisms have evolved multiple pathways to counteract redox imbalance and maintain homeostasis. Cells and tissues address stress by harnessing an array of both endogenous and exogenous redox active substances. Targeting these pathways can help mitigate symptoms associated with neurodegeneration and may provide avenues for novel therapeutics. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 30, 1450-1499.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan I. Sbodio
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Solomon H. Snyder
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Psychiatry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bindu D. Paul
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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29
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Chen ZS, Chan HYE. Transcriptional dysregulation in neurodegenerative diseases: Who tipped the balance of Yin Yang 1 in the brain? Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1148-1151. [PMID: 30804239 PMCID: PMC6425841 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.251193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a multi-functional transcription factor that regulates gene expression in a range of cell types, including neurons. It controls neuronal differentiation, as well as neuronal specification and migration during the development of the mammalian nervous system. Besides, YY1 also mediates the transcription of genes that are required for neuronal survival. An impairment of the transcriptional function of YY1 causes neuronal death. This review summarizes recent research findings that unveil the dysfunction of YY1 in multiple neurodegenerative disorders. The expression of disease proteins perturbs the function of YY1 via distinct molecular mechanisms, including recruitment to protein aggregates, protein degradation and aberrant nuclear/cytoplasmic shuttling. Understanding the pathogenic roles of YY1 will further broaden our knowledge of the disease mechanisms in distinct neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhefan Stephen Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China
| | - Ho Yin Edwin Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science; Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China
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30
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Njan AA, Fatigun CO, Alli-Oluwafuyi AM, Olorundare OE, Afolabi OS, Akinola O, Amin A. Effect of intranasal insulin on peripheral glucose profile in dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance in Wistar rats. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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31
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Hwang S, Mruk K, Rahighi S, Raub AG, Chen CH, Dorn LE, Horikoshi N, Wakatsuki S, Chen JK, Mochly-Rosen D. Correcting glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency with a small-molecule activator. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4045. [PMID: 30279493 PMCID: PMC6168459 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06447-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, one of the most common human genetic enzymopathies, is caused by over 160 different point mutations and contributes to the severity of many acute and chronic diseases associated with oxidative stress, including hemolytic anemia and bilirubin-induced neurological damage particularly in newborns. As no medications are available to treat G6PD deficiency, here we seek to identify a small molecule that corrects it. Crystallographic study and mutagenesis analysis identify the structural and functional defect of one common mutant (Canton, R459L). Using high-throughput screening, we subsequently identify AG1, a small molecule that increases the activity of the wild-type, the Canton mutant and several other common G6PD mutants. AG1 reduces oxidative stress in cells and zebrafish. Furthermore, AG1 decreases chloroquine- or diamide-induced oxidative stress in human erythrocytes. Our study suggests that a pharmacological agent, of which AG1 may be a lead, will likely alleviate the challenges associated with G6PD deficiency. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency provides insufficient protection from oxidative stress, contributing to diverse human pathologies. Here, the authors identify a small molecule that increases the activity and/or stability of mutant G6PD and show that it reduces oxidative stress in zebrafish and hemolysis in isolated human erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunhee Hwang
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Karen Mruk
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,University of Wyoming School of Pharmacy, 1000 E. University Ave., HS 596, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Simin Rahighi
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Chapman University School of Pharmacy (CUSP), Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Andrew G Raub
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5080, USA
| | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lisa E Dorn
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 473 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Naoki Horikoshi
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Soichi Wakatsuki
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Photon Science, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025-7015, USA
| | - James K Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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32
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Rasinger J, Carroll T, Maranghi F, Tassinari R, Moracci G, Altieri I, Mantovani A, Lundebye AK, Hogstrand C. Low dose exposure to HBCD, CB-153 or TCDD induces histopathological and hormonal effects and changes in brain protein and gene expression in juvenile female BALB/c mice. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 80:105-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Klotz B, Kneitz S, Regensburger M, Hahn L, Dannemann M, Kelso J, Nickel B, Lu Y, Boswell W, Postlethwait J, Warren W, Kunz M, Walter RB, Schartl M. Expression signatures of early-stage and advanced medaka melanomas. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 208:20-28. [PMID: 29162497 PMCID: PMC5936653 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive tumors with a very low survival rate once metastasized. The incidence of newly detected cases increases every year suggesting the necessity of development and application of innovative treatment strategies. Human melanoma develops from melanocytes localized in the epidermis of the skin to malignant tumors because of deregulated effectors influencing several molecular pathways. Despite many advances in describing the molecular changes accompanying melanoma formation, many critical and clinically relevant molecular features of the transformed pigment cells and the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. To contribute to a better understanding of the molecular processes of melanoma formation, we use a transgenic medaka melanoma model that is well suited for the investigation of melanoma tumor development because fish and human melanocytes are both localized in the epidermis. The purpose of our study was to gain insights into melanoma development from the first steps of tumor formation up to melanoma progression and to identify gene expression patterns that will be useful for monitoring treatment effects in drug screening approaches. Comparing transcriptomes from juvenile fish at the tumor initiating stage with nevi and advanced melanoma of adults, we identified stage specific expression signatures and pathways that are characteristic for the development of medaka melanoma, and are also found in human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Klotz
- Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Susanne Kneitz
- Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Martina Regensburger
- Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Lena Hahn
- Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Michael Dannemann
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Janet Kelso
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Birgit Nickel
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Yuan Lu
- The Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 419 Centennial Hall, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - William Boswell
- The Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 419 Centennial Hall, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - John Postlethwait
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, OR 97401, USA
| | - Wesley Warren
- Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Blvd., St Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Manfred Kunz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ronald B. Walter
- The Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 419 Centennial Hall, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Manfred Schartl
- Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
- Hagler Institute for Advanced Study and Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
- Corresponding author: Prof. Dr. Manfred Schartl, Tel.: +49 931 31 84148; fax: +49 931 31 84150. (M. Schartl)
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Yang CA, Huang HY, Lin CL, Chang JG. G6PD as a predictive marker for glioma risk, prognosis and chemosensitivity. J Neurooncol 2018; 139:661-670. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-2911-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Tzounakas VL, Gevi F, Georgatzakou HT, Zolla L, Papassideri IS, Kriebardis AG, Rinalducci S, Antonelou MH. Redox Status, Procoagulant Activity, and Metabolome of Fresh Frozen Plasma in Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:16. [PMID: 29459896 PMCID: PMC5807665 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transfusion of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) helps in maintaining the coagulation parameters in patients with acquired multiple coagulation factor deficiencies and severe bleeding. However, along with coagulation factors and procoagulant extracellular vesicles (EVs), numerous bioactive and probably donor-related factors (metabolites, oxidized components, etc.) are also carried to the recipient. The X-linked glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD-), the most common human enzyme genetic defect, mainly affects males. By undermining the redox metabolism, the G6PD- cells are susceptible to the deleterious effects of oxidants. Considering the preferential transfusion of FFP from male donors, this study aimed at the assessment of FFP units derived from G6PD- males compared with control, to show whether they are comparable at physiological, metabolic and redox homeostasis levels. METHODS The quality of n = 12 G6PD- and control FFP units was tested after 12 months of storage, by using hemolysis, redox, and procoagulant activity-targeted biochemical assays, flow cytometry for EV enumeration and phenotyping, untargeted metabolomics, in addition to statistical and bioinformatics tools. RESULTS Higher procoagulant activity, phosphatidylserine positive EVs, RBC-vesiculation, and antioxidant capacity but lower oxidative modifications in lipids and proteins were detected in G6PD- FFP compared with controls. The FFP EVs varied in number, cell origin, and lipid/protein composition. Pathway analysis highlighted the riboflavin, purine, and glycerolipid/glycerophospholipid metabolisms as the most altered pathways with high impact in G6PD-. Multivariate and univariate analysis of FFP metabolomes showed excess of diacylglycerols, glycerophosphoinositol, aconitate, and ornithine but a deficiency in riboflavin, flavin mononucleotide, adenine, and arginine, among others, levels in G6PD- FFPs compared with control. CONCLUSION Our results point toward a different redox, lipid metabolism, and EV profile in the G6PD- FFP units. Certain FFP-needed patients may be at greatest benefit of receiving FFP intrinsically endowed by both procoagulant and antioxidant activities. However, the clinical outcome of G6PD- FFP transfusion would likely be affected by various other factors, including the signaling potential of the differentially expressed metabolites and EVs, the degree of G6PD-, the redox status in the recipient, the amount of FFP units transfused, and probably, the storage interval of the FFP, which deserve further investigation by future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis L. Tzounakas
- Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Federica Gevi
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Hara T. Georgatzakou
- Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Lello Zolla
- Department of Science and Technology for Agriculture, Forestry, Nature and Energy, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Issidora S. Papassideri
- Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios G. Kriebardis
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Health and Caring Professions, Technological and Educational Institute of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sara Rinalducci
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Marianna H. Antonelou
- Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Pes GM, Errigo A, Bitti A, Dore MP. Effect of age, period and birth-cohort on the frequency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Sardinian adults. Ann Med 2018; 50:68-73. [PMID: 28985689 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2017.1390247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an inherited disorder common in Sardinia. In this study, the frequency variation of G6PD-deficiency across age groups and birth cohorts was investigated using Age-Period-Cohort analysis. METHODS Data were collected from the clinical records of 11,252 patients (6975 women, age range 17-94 years) who underwent endoscopy between 2000 and 2016 at a teaching hospital (University of Sassari), Italy. G6PD status was assessed by enzymatic assay based on G6PD/6GPD ratio. A Poisson log-linear regression model was used to identify age and time trend in G6PD deficiency. RESULTS Enzyme deficiency was detected in 11.4% of the entire cohort (men: 7.9%; women: 13.6%). Age-Period-Cohort analysis showed no inflection points across age groups, especially after age 80. The effects of time period and birth cohorts on G6PD deficiency were negligible (frequencies before and after 1950 were 11.0% and 11.8%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the frequency of G6PD deficiency does not vary significantly in oldest subjects. The lack of evidence for selection across the malaria eradication time may be explained by other factors, including somatic cell selection or misclassification of heterozygotes women as G6PD normal in the older birth cohorts. Additional molecular studies may help clarify these issues. Key message The frequency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is stable across age groups and does not vary in generations born before or after malaria eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Mario Pes
- a Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy.,b Sardinia Longevity Blue Zone Observatory , Ogliastra, Italy
| | | | - Angela Bitti
- c Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria , Sassari , Italy
| | - Maria Pina Dore
- a Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale , University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy.,d Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA
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Contreras A, Morales L, Tebourbi A, Miguéns M, Olmo ND, Pérez-García C. Age-Dependent Effects of Acute Alcohol Administration in the Hippocampal Phosphoproteome. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:2165-2173. [PMID: 29064675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption during adolescence is deleterious to the developing brain and leads to persistent deficits in adulthood. Several results provide strong evidence for ethanol-associated alterations in glutamatergic signaling and impaired synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. Protein phosphorylation is a well-known and well-documented mechanism in memory processes, but information on phosphoprotein alterations in hippocampus after ethanol exposure is limited. This study focuses on age-related changes in the hippocampal phosphoproteome after acute alcohol administration. We have compared the phosphoprotein expression in the hippocampus of adult and adolescent Wistar rats treated with a single dose of ethanol (5 g/kg i.p.), using a proteomic approach including phosphoprotein enrichment by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC). Our proteomic analysis revealed that 13 proteins were differentially affected by age, ethanol administration, or both. Most of these proteins are involved in neuroprotection and are expressed less in young rats treated with ethanol. We conclude that acute alcohol induces important changes in the expression of phosphoproteins in the hippocampus that could increase the risk of neurodegenerative disorders, especially when the alcohol exposure begins in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Contreras
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad CEU-San Pablo , 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Morales
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad CEU-San Pablo , 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ali Tebourbi
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad CEU-San Pablo , 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Miguéns
- Departamento de Psicología Básica I, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) , 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Del Olmo
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad CEU-San Pablo , 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Pérez-García
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad CEU-San Pablo , 28668 Madrid, Spain
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Cao L, Zhang D, Chen J, Qin YY, Sheng R, Feng X, Chen Z, Ding Y, Li M, Qin ZH. G6PD plays a neuroprotective role in brain ischemia through promoting pentose phosphate pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:433-444. [PMID: 28823591 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
TIGAR-regulated pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) plays a critical role in the neuronal survival during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a rate-limiting enzyme in PPP and thus, we hypothesized that it plays an essential role in anti-oxidative defense through producing NADPH. The present study investigated the regulation and the role of G6PD in ischemia/reperfusion-induced neuronal injury with in vivo and in vitro models of ischemic stroke. The results showed that the levels of G6PD mRNA and protein were increased after ischemia/reperfusion. In vivo, lentivirus-mediated G6PD overexpression in mice markedly reduced neuronal damage after ischemia/reperfusion insult, while lentivirus-mediated G6PD knockdown exacerbated it. In vitro, overexpression of G6PD in cultured primary neurons decreased neuronal injury under oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) condition, whereas knockdown of G6PD aggravated it. Overexpression of G6PD increased levels of NADPH and reduced form of glutathione (rGSH), and ameliorated ROS-induced macromolecular damage. On the contrary, knockdown of G6PD executed the opposite effects in mice and in primary neurons. Supplementation of exogenous NADPH alleviated the detrimental effects of G6PD knockdown, whereas further enhanced the beneficial effects of G6PD overexpression in ischemic injury. Therefore, our results suggest that G6PD protects ischemic brain injury through increasing PPP. Thus G6PD may be considered as potential therapeutic target for treatment of ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Cao
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Dingmei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jieyu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Rui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xing Feng
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou 215025, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuqiang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou 215025, China.
| | - Zheng-Hong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Ryu DY, Rahman MS, Pang MG. Determination of Highly Sensitive Biological Cell Model Systems to Screen BPA-Related Health Hazards Using Pathway Studio. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091909. [PMID: 28878155 PMCID: PMC5618558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a ubiquitous endocrine-disrupting chemical. Recently, many issues have arisen surrounding the disease pathogenesis of BPA. Therefore, several studies have been conducted to investigate the proteomic biomarkers of BPA that are associated with disease processes. However, studies on identifying highly sensitive biological cell model systems in determining BPA health risk are lacking. Here, we determined suitable cell model systems and potential biomarkers for predicting BPA-mediated disease using the bioinformatics tool Pathway Studio. We compiled known BPA-mediated diseases in humans, which were categorized into five major types. Subsequently, we investigated the differentially expressed proteins following BPA exposure in several cell types, and analyzed the efficacy of altered proteins to investigate their associations with BPA-mediated diseases. Our results demonstrated that colon cancer cells (SW480), mammary gland, and Sertoli cells were highly sensitive biological model systems, because of the efficacy of predicting the majority of BPA-mediated diseases. We selected glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1 (UQCRC1), and voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 (VDAC2) as highly sensitive biomarkers to predict BPA-mediated diseases. Furthermore, we summarized proteomic studies in spermatozoa following BPA exposure, which have recently been considered as another suitable cell type for predicting BPA-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Yeal Ryu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 456-756, Korea.
| | - Md Saidur Rahman
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 456-756, Korea.
| | - Myung-Geol Pang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 456-756, Korea.
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Benfeitas R, Uhlen M, Nielsen J, Mardinoglu A. New Challenges to Study Heterogeneity in Cancer Redox Metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:65. [PMID: 28744456 PMCID: PMC5504267 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important pathophysiological molecules involved in vital cellular processes. They are extremely harmful at high concentrations because they promote the generation of radicals and the oxidation of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, which can result in apoptosis. An imbalance of ROS and a disturbance of redox homeostasis are now recognized as a hallmark of complex diseases. Considering that ROS levels are significantly increased in cancer cells due to mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS metabolism has been targeted for the development of efficient treatment strategies, and antioxidants are used as potential chemotherapeutic drugs. However, initial ROS-focused clinical trials in which antioxidants were supplemented to patients provided inconsistent results, i.e., improved treatment or increased malignancy. These different outcomes may result from the highly heterogeneous redox responses of tumors in different patients. Hence, population-based treatment strategies are unsuitable and patient-tailored therapeutic approaches are required for the effective treatment of patients. Moreover, due to the crosstalk between ROS, reducing equivalents [e.g., NAD(P)H] and central metabolism, which is heterogeneous in cancer, finding the best therapeutic target requires the consideration of system-wide approaches that are capable of capturing the complex alterations observed in all of the associated pathways. Systems biology and engineering approaches may be employed to overcome these challenges, together with tools developed in personalized medicine. However, ROS- and redox-based therapies have yet to be addressed by these methodologies in the context of disease treatment. Here, we review the role of ROS and their coupled redox partners in tumorigenesis. Specifically, we highlight some of the challenges in understanding the role of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), one of the most important ROS in pathophysiology in the progression of cancer. We also discuss its interplay with antioxidant defenses, such as the coupled peroxiredoxin/thioredoxin and glutathione/glutathione peroxidase systems, and its reducing equivalent metabolism. Finally, we highlight the need for system-level and patient-tailored approaches to clarify the roles of these systems and identify therapeutic targets through the use of the tools developed in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Benfeitas
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlen
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm, Sweden
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm, Sweden.,Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm, Sweden.,Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg, Sweden
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Evlice A, Ulusu NN. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase a novel hope on a blood-based diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neurol Belg 2017; 117:229-234. [PMID: 27378307 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-016-0666-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multi-factorial neurodegenerative disorder that numerous factors have key properties in the development of this proteopathy. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the most common form of enzymopathy. We have examined G6PD enzyme activity levels in the serum of newly diagnosed AD patients compared with control subjects without dementia from the both sexes. Serum G6PD levels were found to be significantly higher (approximately two times) in AD patients compared to control geriatric subjects in both sexes. We have concluded that G6PD seems to play an integral role in the progress and/or prevention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Evlice
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Nuriye Nuray Ulusu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Nóbrega-Pereira S, Fernandez-Marcos PJ, Brioche T, Gomez-Cabrera MC, Salvador-Pascual A, Flores JM, Viña J, Serrano M. G6PD protects from oxidative damage and improves healthspan in mice. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10894. [PMID: 26976705 PMCID: PMC4796314 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are constantly generated by cells and ROS-derived damage contributes to ageing. Protection against oxidative damage largely relies on the reductive power of NAPDH, whose levels are mostly determined by the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Here, we report a transgenic mouse model with moderate overexpression of human G6PD under its endogenous promoter. Importantly, G6PD-Tg mice have higher levels of NADPH, lower levels of ROS-derived damage, and better protection from ageing-associated functional decline, including extended median lifespan in females. The G6PD transgene has no effect on tumour development, even after combining with various tumour-prone genetic alterations. We conclude that a modest increase in G6PD activity is beneficial for healthspan through increased NADPH levels and protection from the deleterious effects of ROS. The enzyme G6PD generates the reductive metabolite NADPH, which has antioxidant effects, but has also been linked to tumour growth. Here the authors generate mice that modestly overexpress G6PD and report increased lifespan in females, and no negative effects on tumour formation in various genetic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrina Nóbrega-Pereira
- Tumour Suppression Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E28029, Spain.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pablo J Fernandez-Marcos
- Tumour Suppression Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E28029, Spain.,Bioactive Products and Metabolic Syndrome Group, Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies (IMDEA) Food, Madrid E28049, Spain
| | - Thomas Brioche
- Université de Montpellier, INRA, UMR866, Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Mari Carmen Gomez-Cabrera
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and Investigaciòn Hospital Clínico Universitario (INCLIVA), Valencia E46010, Spain
| | - Andrea Salvador-Pascual
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and Investigaciòn Hospital Clínico Universitario (INCLIVA), Valencia E46010, Spain
| | - Juana M Flores
- Animal Surgery and Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid E28040, Spain
| | - Jose Viña
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and Investigaciòn Hospital Clínico Universitario (INCLIVA), Valencia E46010, Spain
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Tumour Suppression Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E28029, Spain
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Ulusu NN. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and Alzheimer's disease: Partners in crime? The hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2015; 85:219-23. [PMID: 26004559 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a multifaceted brain disorder which involves various coupled irreversible, progressive biochemical reactions that significantly reduce quality of life as well as the actual life expectancy. Aging, genetic predispositions, head trauma, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, deficiencies in insulin signaling, dysfunction of mitochondria-associated membranes, cerebrovascular changes, high cholesterol level, increased oxidative stress and free radical formation, DNA damage, disturbed energy metabolism, and synaptic dysfunction, high blood pressure, obesity, dietary habits, exercise, social engagement, and mental stress are noted among the risk factors of this disease. In this hypothesis review I would like to draw the attention on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and its relationship with Alzheimer's disease. This enzymopathy is the most common human congenital defect of metabolism and defined by decrease in NADPH+H(+) and reduced form of glutathione concentration and that might in turn, amplify oxidative stress due to essentiality of the enzyme. This most common enzymopathy may manifest itself in severe forms, however most of the individuals with this deficiency are not essentially symptomatic. To understand the sporadic Alzheimer's disease, the writer of this paper thinks that, looking into a crystal ball might not yield much of a benefit but glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency could effortlessly give some clues.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nuray Ulusu
- Koç University, School of Medicine, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Miller-Pinsler L, Pinto DJ, Wells PG. Oxidative DNA damage in the in utero initiation of postnatal neurodevelopmental deficits by normal fetal and ethanol-enhanced oxidative stress in oxoguanine glycosylase 1 knockout mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 78:23-9. [PMID: 25311828 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Studies in mice with deficient antioxidative enzymes have shown that physiological levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can adversely affect the developing embryo and fetus. Herein, DNA repair-deficient progeny of oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (ogg1)-knockout mice lacking repair of the oxidative DNA lesion 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo) exhibited enhanced postnatal neurodevelopmental deficits, revealing the pathogenic potential of 8-oxodGuo initiated by physiological ROS production in fetal brain and providing the first evidence of a pathological phenotype for ogg1-knockout mice. Moreover, when exposed in utero to ethanol (EtOH), ogg1-knockout progeny exhibited higher levels of 8-oxodGuo in fetal brain and more severe postnatal neurodevelopmental deficits than wild-type littermates, both of which were blocked by pretreatment with the free radical trapping agent phenylbutylnitrone. These results suggest that ROS-initiated DNA oxidation, as distinct from altered signal transduction, contributes to neurodevelopmental deficits caused by in utero EtOH exposure, and fetal DNA repair is a determinant of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel J Pinto
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Peter G Wells
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine; Division of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada.
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Ferrari R, Pugini SMP, Arce AIC, Costa EJX, de Melo MP. Metabolite of tryptophan promoting changes in EEG signal and the oxidative status of the brain. Cell Biochem Funct 2014; 32:496-501. [PMID: 24947276 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tryptophan is an essential amino acid precursor of neurotransmitter serotonin and triptamine. During its metabolism, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is generated; this substance presents both antioxidant and prooxidant effects in different biological systems in addition to hipoglicemic effects. To date, electroencephalography (EEG) has been used to evaluate the temporal effect of several substances in neurotransmission. The goal of this study was to characterize the effect of IAA in the brain by analysing the EEG signal and evaluate the oxidative status by means of biochemical parameters. The EEG was acquired by using a noninvasive method, and the brain electric signal was analysed by advanced digital signal processing techniques to determinate the energy signal filtered in different band frequencies. Furthermore, the oxidative status of the brain was investigated by measuring the activity of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation as well as blood glucose rates of the animals treated with different doses of IAA. Our results showed the relationship of IAA administration with changes in EEG signals. The oxidative status of the brain was modified by IAA after 14 days of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Ferrari
- Department of Biological Science, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil; Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
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