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Mankoo OK, Kaur A, Goyal D, Goyal B. Unravelling the destabilization potential of ellagic acid on α-synuclein fibrils using molecular dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:8128-8143. [PMID: 36877087 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp06006j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The aberrant deposition of α-synuclein (α-Syn) protein into the intracellular neuronal aggregates termed Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites characterizes the devastating neurodegenerative condition known as Parkinson's disease (PD). The disruption of pre-existing disease-relevant α-Syn fibrils is recognized as a viable therapeutic approach for PD. Ellagic acid (EA), a natural polyphenolic compound, is experimentally proven as a potential candidate that prevents or reverses the α-Syn fibrillization process. However, the detailed inhibitory mechanism of EA against the destabilization of α-Syn fibril remains largely unclear. In this work, the influence of EA on α-Syn fibril and its putative binding mechanism were explored using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. EA interacted primarily with the non-amyloid-β component (NAC) of α-Syn fibril, disrupting its β-sheet content and thereby increasing the coil content. The E46-K80 salt bridge, critical for the stability of Greek-key-like α-Syn fibril, was disrupted in the presence of EA. The binding free energy analysis using the MM-PBSA method demonstrates the favourable binding of EA to α-Syn fibril (ΔGbinding = -34.62 ± 11.33 kcal mol-1). Interestingly, the binding affinity between chains H and J of the α-Syn fibril was significantly reduced on the incorporation of EA, which highlights the disruptive ability of EA towards α-Syn fibril. The MD simulations provide mechanistic insights into the α-Syn fibril disruption by EA, which gives a valuable direction for the development of potential inhibitors of α-Syn fibrillization and its associated cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opinder Kaur Mankoo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib 140406, Punjab, India
| | - Anupamjeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib 140406, Punjab, India
| | - Deepti Goyal
- Department of Chemistry, DAV College, Sector 10, Chandigarh 160011, India.
| | - Bhupesh Goyal
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India.
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Henriquez G, Ahlawat J, Fairman R, Narayan M. Citric Acid-Derived Carbon Quantum Dots Attenuate Paraquat-Induced Neuronal Compromise In Vitro and In Vivo. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2399-2409. [PMID: 35942850 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The potent environmental herbicide and weedicide paraquat is linked to neuromotor defects and Parkinson's disease (PD). We have evaluated the neuroprotective role of citric acid-sourced carbon quantum dots (Cit-CQDs) on paraquat-insulted human neuroblastoma-derived SH-SY5Y cell lines and on a paraquat-exposed nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans). Our data reveal that Cit-CQDs are able to scavenge free radicals in test tube assays and mitigate paraquat-elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, Cit-CQDs protect the cell line from paraquat, which otherwise elicits cell death. Cit-CQDs-challenged nematodes demonstrate enhanced survival rates 72 h post-paraquat exposure compared to controls. Paraquat ablates dopamine (DA) neurons, which results in compromised locomotor function in nematodes. However, the neurons remained intact when the nematodes were incubated with Cit-CQDs prior to neurotoxicant exposure. The collective data suggest Cit-CQDs offer neuroprotection for cell lines and organisms from xenotoxicant-associated neuronal injury and death. The study suggests Cit-CQDs as a potentially viable green chemistry-synthesized, biobased nanomaterial for intervention in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Henriquez
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Jyoti Ahlawat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Robert Fairman
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania 19041, United States
| | - Mahesh Narayan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
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Moreira P, Matos P, Figueirinha A, Salgueiro L, Batista MT, Branco PC, Cruz MT, Pereira CF. Forest Biomass as a Promising Source of Bioactive Essential Oil and Phenolic Compounds for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158812. [PMID: 35955963 PMCID: PMC9369093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting elderly people worldwide. Currently, there are no effective treatments for AD able to prevent disease progression, highlighting the urgency of finding new therapeutic strategies to stop or delay this pathology. Several plants exhibit potential as source of safe and multi-target new therapeutic molecules for AD treatment. Meanwhile, Eucalyptus globulus extracts revealed important pharmacological activities, namely antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which can contribute to the reported neuroprotective effects. This review summarizes the chemical composition of essential oil (EO) and phenolic extracts obtained from Eucalyptus globulus leaves, disclosing major compounds and their effects on AD-relevant pathological features, including deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) in senile plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), abnormalities in GABAergic, cholinergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, inflammation, and oxidative stress. In general, 1,8-cineole is the major compound identified in EO, and ellagic acid, quercetin, and rutin were described as main compounds in phenolic extracts from Eucalyptus globulus leaves. EO and phenolic extracts, and especially their major compounds, were found to prevent several pathological cellular processes and to improve cognitive function in AD animal models. Therefore, Eucalyptus globulus leaves are a relevant source of biological active and safe molecules that could be used as raw material for nutraceuticals and plant-based medicinal products useful for AD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Moreira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Matos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIEPQPF, Research Center for Chemical Processes Engineering and Forest Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur Figueirinha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIEPQPF, Research Center for Chemical Processes Engineering and Forest Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIEPQPF, Research Center for Chemical Processes Engineering and Forest Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Batista
- CIEPQPF, Research Center for Chemical Processes Engineering and Forest Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Fragão Pereira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Ahlawat J, Henriquez G, Varela-Ramirez A, Fairman R, Narayan M. Gelatin-derived carbon quantum dots mitigate herbicide-induced neurotoxic effects in vitro and in vivo. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 137:212837. [PMID: 35929242 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The herbicide and viologen, N, N'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride (Paraquat) is known to be toxic to neuronal cells by a multifactorial process involving an elevation in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the triggering of amyloid-protein aggregation and their accumulation, collectively leading to neuronal dyshomeostasis. We demonstrate that green-chemistry-synthesized sustainable gelatin-derived carbon quantum dots (CQDs) mitigate paraquat-induced neurotoxic outcomes and resultant compromise in organismal mortality. Gelatin-derived CQDs were found to possess antioxidant properties and ameliorated ROS elevation in paraquat-insulted neuroblastoma-derived SHSY-5Y cells, protecting them from herbicide-induced cell death. These CQDs also increased lifespan in paraquat-compromised Caenorhabditis elegans and herbicide-mediated dopamine neuron ablation. Collectively, the data underscore the ability of this sustainably synthesized, environmentally friendly biocompatible nanomaterial to protect cell lines and organisms against neurotoxic outcomes. The study findings strategically position this relatively novel nanoscopic carbon quantum framework for further testing in vertebrate trials of neurotoxic insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Ahlawat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Gabriela Henriquez
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Armando Varela-Ramirez
- Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Robert Fairman
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, PA 19041, United States
| | - Mahesh Narayan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79968, United States.
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CNS Redox Homeostasis and Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020405. [PMID: 35204286 PMCID: PMC8869494 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A single paragraph of about 200 words maximum. Neurodegenerative diseases (ND), such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, pose a global challenge in the aging population due to the lack of treatments for their cure. Despite various disease-specific clinical symptoms, ND have some fundamental common pathological mechanisms involving oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. The present review focuses on the major causes of central nervous system (CNS) redox homeostasis imbalance comprising mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Mitochondrial disturbances, leading to reduced mitochondrial function and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, are thought to be a major contributor to the pathogenesis of ND. ER dysfunction has been implicated in ND in which protein misfolding evidently causes ER stress. The consequences of ER stress ranges from an increase in ROS production to altered calcium efflux and proinflammatory signaling in glial cells. Both pathological pathways have links to ferroptotic cell death, which has been implicated to play an important role in ND. Pharmacological targeting of these pathological pathways may help alleviate or slow down neurodegeneration.
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Ellagic Acid Prevents α-Synuclein Aggregation and Protects SH-SY5Y Cells from Aggregated α-Synuclein-Induced Toxicity via Suppression of Apoptosis and Activation of Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413398. [PMID: 34948195 PMCID: PMC8707649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of dopamine neurons and the deposition of misfolded proteins known as Lewy bodies (LBs), which contain α-synuclein (α-syn). The causes and molecular mechanisms of PD are not clearly understood to date. However, misfolded proteins, oxidative stress, and impaired autophagy are believed to play important roles in the pathogenesis of PD. Importantly, α-syn is considered a key player in the development of PD. The present study aimed to assess the role of Ellagic acid (EA), a polyphenol found in many fruits, on α-syn aggregation and toxicity. Using thioflavin and seeding polymerization assays, in addition to electron microscopy, we found that EA could dramatically reduce α-syn aggregation. Moreover, EA significantly mitigated the aggregated α-syn-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells and thus enhanced their viability. Mechanistically, these cytoprotective effects of EA are mediated by the suppression of apoptotic proteins BAX and p53 and a concomitant increase in the anti-apoptotic protein, BCL-2. Interestingly, EA was able to activate autophagy in SH-SY5Y cells, as evidenced by normalized/enhanced expression of LC3-II, p62, and pAKT. Together, our findings suggest that EA may attenuate α-syn toxicity by preventing aggregation and improving viability by restoring autophagy and suppressing apoptosis.
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Meena VK, Kumar V, Karalia S, Garima, Sundd M. Ellagic Acid Modulates Uninduced as well as Mutation and Metal-Induced Aggregation of α-Synuclein: Implications for Parkinson's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:3598-3614. [PMID: 34506119 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (αS) is an intrinsically disordered protein whose aggregation and deposition in Lewy bodies is involved in the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other related disorders. The aggregation process of αS is also triggered by mutations like A53T and E46K in the SNCA gene and disruption in metal-ion homeostasis. Currently, there is no obviating therapy available in the market that could effectively prevent the progression of the disease. In this backdrop, there exists an emerging need to consider naturally occurring polyphenols and flavonoids as potential therapeutic agents against PD. In this study, we demonstrate the modulatory effect of ellagic acid (EA) against wild-type as well as mutation and metal-induced aggregation of αS. Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assay suggests that EA acts on the nucleation phase of αS fibrillization, thereby increasing the lag phase from 21.33 ± 3.01 to 48.20 ± 5.05 h and reducing the fibrils growth rate from 4.60 ± 2.06 to 0.890 ± 0.36 h-1. 8-Anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid (ANS), Congo red (CR), and intrinsic fluorescence studies indicate that the interaction of EA with αS facilitates the structural changes in the protein that lead to inhibition of fibril formation. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images illustrate that the size of fibrils diminishes up to 100 nm in the presence of EA. Dot blot and seeding experiments put forward that EA directs the αS aggregation toward off-pathway fibrillization. Our 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay deciphers the role of EA in minimizing the αS fibril-induced toxicity, thereupon leading to an increase in cell viability. Also, EA attenuates both mutations as well as metal-induced αS fibrillization and disaggregates the preexisting fibrils. Additionally, computational studies elucidate that EA preferentially interacts with the N-terminal and NAC domain of αS. Hence, this work reveals the aggregation inhibition mechanism of EA and provides considerable therapeutic interventions against PD and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar Meena
- NMR-II Lab, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- NMR-II Lab, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Shivani Karalia
- NMR-II Lab, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Garima
- NMR-II Lab, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Monica Sundd
- NMR-II Lab, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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Nakamura T, Oh CK, Zhang X, Lipton SA. Protein S-nitrosylation and oxidation contribute to protein misfolding in neurodegeneration. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:562-577. [PMID: 34224817 PMCID: PMC8579830 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are characterized by progressive degeneration of synapses and neurons. Accumulation of misfolded/aggregated proteins represents a pathological hallmark of most neurodegenerative diseases, potentially contributing to synapse loss and neuronal damage. Emerging evidence suggests that misfolded proteins accumulate in the diseased brain at least in part as a consequence of excessively generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Mechanistically, not only disease-linked genetic mutations but also known risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases, such as aging and exposure to environmental toxins, can accelerate production of ROS/RNS, which contribute to protein misfolding - in many cases mimicking the effect of rare genetic mutations known to be linked to the disease. This review will focus on the role of RNS-dependent post-translational modifications, such as S-nitrosylation and tyrosine nitration, in protein misfolding and aggregation. Specifically, we will discuss molecular mechanisms whereby RNS disrupt the activity of the cellular protein quality control machinery, including molecular chaperones, autophagy/lysosomal pathways, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Because chronic accumulation of misfolded proteins can trigger mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic damage, and neuronal demise, further characterization of RNS-mediated protein misfolding may establish these molecular events as therapeutic targets for intervention in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Nakamura
- Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Chang-Ki Oh
- Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Xu Zhang
- Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Stuart A Lipton
- Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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Gupta A, Singh AK, Kumar R, Jamieson S, Pandey AK, Bishayee A. Neuroprotective Potential of Ellagic Acid: A Critical Review. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1211-1238. [PMID: 33693510 PMCID: PMC8321875 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA) is a dietary polyphenol present in various fruits, vegetables, herbs, and nuts. It exists either independently or as part of complex structures, such as ellagitannins, which release EA and several other metabolites including urolithins following absorption. During the past few decades, EA has drawn considerable attention because of its vast range of biological activities as well as its numerous molecular targets. Several studies have reported that the oxidative stress-lowering potential of EA accounts for its broad-spectrum pharmacological attributes. At the biochemical level, several mechanisms have also been associated with its therapeutic action, including its efficacy in normalizing lipid metabolism and lipidemic profile, regulating proinflammatory mediators, such as IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, upregulating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and inhibiting NF-κB action. EA exerts appreciable neuroprotective activity by its free radical-scavenging action, iron chelation, initiation of several cell signaling pathways, and alleviation of mitochondrial dysfunction. Numerous in vivo studies have also explored the neuroprotective attribute of EA against various neurotoxins in animal models. Despite the increasing number of publications with experimental evidence, a critical analysis of available literature to understand the full neuroprotective potential of EA has not been performed. The present review provides up-to-date, comprehensive, and critical information regarding the natural sources of EA, its bioavailability, metabolism, neuroprotective activities, and underlying mechanisms of action in order to encourage further studies to define the clinical usefulness of EA for the management of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sarah Jamieson
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, USA
| | - Abhay Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, USA
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Damian Guerrero E, Lopez-Velazquez AM, Ahlawat J, Narayan M. Carbon Quantum Dots for Treatment of Amyloid Disorders. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2021; 4:2423-2433. [PMID: 33969279 PMCID: PMC8101282 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.0c02792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Prion-like amyloids self-template and form toxic oligomers, protofibrils, and fibrils from their soluble monomers; a phenomenon that has been implicated in the onset and progress of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD), Huntington's, and systemic lysozyme amyloidosis. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), sourced from Na-citrate as a carbon precursor were synthesized and characterized before being tested for their ability to intervene in amyloidogenic (fibril-forming) trajectories. Hen-egg white lysozyme (HEWL) served as a model amyloidogenic protein. A pulse-chase lysozyme fibril-forming assay developed to examine the impact of CQDs on the HEWL amyloid-fibril-forming trajectory used ThT fluorescence as a reporter of mature fibril presence. The results revealed that the Na-citrate-derived CQDs were able to intervene at multiple points along the fibril-forming trajectory by preventing the conversion of both monomeric and oligomeric HEWL intermediates into mature fibrils. In addition, and importantly, the carbon nano material (CNM) was able to dissolve oligomeric HEWL into monomeric HEWL and provoke the disaggregation of mature HEWL fibrils. These results suggest that Na-citrate CQD's intervene in amyloidogenesis by multiple mechanisms. The gathered data, coupled with cell-line results demonstrating the relatively low cytotoxicity of Na-citrate CQDs, suggest that this emerging CNM has the potential to intervene both prophylactically and therapeutically in protein misfolding diseases. The aforementioned findings are likely to enable Na-citrate CQDs to eventually transition to both cell-line and preclinical models of protein-misfolding-related disorders. Importantly, the study outcomes positions Na-citrate CQDs as an important class of chemical, nanotechnological, and biobased interventional tools in neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Damian Guerrero
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Angela Marlene Lopez-Velazquez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bioscience Research Building, Border Biomedical Research Center, the Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core Facility, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Jyoti Ahlawat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Mahesh Narayan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
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Ardah MT, Bharathan G, Kitada T, Haque ME. Ellagic Acid Prevents Dopamine Neuron Degeneration from Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in MPTP Model of Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1519. [PMID: 33172035 PMCID: PMC7694688 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases and is characterized by progressive dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra pars compacta area. In the present study, treatment of EA for 1 week at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight prior to MPTP (25 mg/kg body weight) was carried out. MPTP administration caused oxidative stress, as evidenced by decreased activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and the depletion of reduced glutathione with a concomitant rise in the lipid peroxidation product, malondialdehyde. It also significantly increased the pro-inflammatory cytokines and elevated the inflammatory mediators like cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the striatum. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a loss of dopamine neurons in the SNc area and a decrease in dopamine transporter in the striatum following MPTP administration. However, treatment with EA prior to MPTP injection significantly rescued the dopaminergic neurons and dopamine transporter. EA treatment further restored antioxidant enzymes, prevented the depletion of glutathione and inhibited lipid peroxidation, in addition to the attenuation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. EA also reduced the levels of COX-2 and iNOS. The findings of the present study demonstrate that EA protects against MPTP-induced PD and the observed neuroprotective effects can be attributed to its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa T. Ardah
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAEU, Al Ain, UAE; (M.T.A.); (G.B.)
| | - Greeshma Bharathan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAEU, Al Ain, UAE; (M.T.A.); (G.B.)
| | - Tohru Kitada
- Otawa-Kagaku Service, Parkinson’s Clinic and Research, Kamakura 247-0061, Japan;
| | - M. Emdadul Haque
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAEU, Al Ain, UAE; (M.T.A.); (G.B.)
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Singh S. Updates on Versatile Role of Putative Gasotransmitter Nitric Oxide: Culprit in Neurodegenerative Disease Pathology. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2407-2415. [PMID: 32564594 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a versatile gasotransmitter that contributes in a range of physiological and pathological mechanims depending on its cellular levels. An appropriate concentration of NO is essentially required for cellular physiology; however, its increased level triggers pathological mechanisms like altered cellular redox regulation, functional impairment of mitochondrion, and modifications in cellular proteins and DNA. Its increased levels also exhibit post-translational modifications in protein through S-nitrosylation of their thiol amino acids, which critically affect the cellular physiology. Along with such modifications, NO could also nitrosylate the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-membrane located sensors of ER stress, which subsequently affect the cellular protein degradation capacity and lead to aggregation of misfolded/unfolded proteins. Since protein aggregation is one of the pathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative disease, NO should be taken into account during development of disease therapies. In this Review, we shed light on the diverse role of NO in both cellular physiology and pathology and discussed its involvement in various pathological events in the context of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Singh
- Department of Neurosciences and Ageing Biology and Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India
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Serrano A, Qiao X, Matos JO, Farley L, Cilenti L, Chen B, Tatulian SA, Teter K. Reversal of Alpha-Synuclein Fibrillization by Protein Disulfide Isomerase. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:726. [PMID: 32850841 PMCID: PMC7406567 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregates of α-synuclein contribute to the etiology of Parkinson's Disease. Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), a chaperone and oxidoreductase, blocks the aggregation of α-synuclein. An S-nitrosylated form of PDI that cannot function as a chaperone is associated with elevated levels of aggregated α-synuclein and is found in brains afflicted with Parkinson's Disease. The protective role of PDI in Parkinson's Disease and other neurodegenerative disorders is linked to its chaperone function, yet the mechanism of neuroprotection remains unclear. Using Thioflavin-T fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy, we show here for the first time that PDI can break down nascent fibrils of α-synuclein. Mature fibrils were not affected by PDI. Another PDI family member, ERp57, could prevent but not reverse α-synuclein aggregation. The disaggregase activity of PDI was effective at a 1:50 molar ratio of PDI:α-synuclein and was blocked by S-nitrosylation. PDI could not reverse the aggregation of malate dehydrogenase, which indicated its disaggregase activity does not operate on all substrates. These findings establish a previously unrecognized disaggregase property of PDI that could underlie its neuroprotective function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Serrano
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Xin Qiao
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Jason O Matos
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Lauren Farley
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Lucia Cilenti
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Suren A Tatulian
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Ken Teter
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
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Tiwari S, Singh S. Reciprocal Upshot of Nitric Oxide, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and Ubiquitin Proteasome System in Parkinson's Disease Pathology. Neuroscientist 2020; 27:340-354. [PMID: 32713286 DOI: 10.1177/1073858420942211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology involves degeneration of nigrostriatal pathway, postulating symptoms associated with age, environment, and genetic anomalies, including nonlinear disease progression. Hallmark characteristics of PD include dopaminergic neuronal degeneration and death, which may also be exhibited by other neurological diseases, making the diagnosis of the disease intricate at early stage. Such obscure diagnosis of the disease, limited symptomatic improvements with available therapeutics, and their inability to modify the disease status instigate us to appraise the past research and formulate the colligating comprehensive insights. This review is accentuating on the role of nitric oxide, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and their association with the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) during PD pathology involving focus on ubiquitin ligases due to their regulatory functions. Meticulous understanding of these major disease-related pathological events and their functional alliance may render novel dimensions for better understanding of disease etiology, related mechanisms, as well as direction toward witnessing of new therapeutic targets for the management of Parkinson's patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangini Tiwari
- Department of Neurosciences and Ageing Biology and Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sarika Singh
- Department of Neurosciences and Ageing Biology and Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ahlawat J, Neupane R, Deemer E, Sreenivasan ST, Narayan M. Chitosan-Ellagic Acid Nanohybrid for Mitigating Rotenone-induced Oxidative Stress. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:18964-18977. [PMID: 32216327 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidants derived from nature, such as ellagic acid (EA), demonstrated high potency to mitigate neuronal oxidative stress and related pathologies, including Parkinson's disease. However, the application of EA is limited due to its toxicity at moderate doses and poor solubility, cellular permeability, and bioavailability. Here, we introduce a sustainably resourced, green nanoencasement strategy to overcome the limitations of EA and derive synergistic effects to prevent oxidative stress in neuronal cells. Chitosan, with its high biocompatibility, potential antioxidant properties, and flexible surface chemistry, was chosen as the primary component of the nanoencasement in which EA is immobilized. Using a rotenone model to mimic intracellular oxidative stress, we examined the effectiveness of EA and chitosan to limit cell death. Our studies indicate a synergistic effect between EA and chitosan in mitigating rotenone-induced reactive oxygen species death. Our analysis suggests that chitosan encapsulation of EA reduces the inherent cytotoxicity of the polyphenol (a known anticancer molecule). Furthermore, its encapsulation permits its delivery via a rapid burst phase and a relatively slow phase making the nanohybrid suitable for drug release over extended time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Ahlawat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Rabin Neupane
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Eva Deemer
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Sreeprasad T Sreenivasan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Mahesh Narayan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
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16
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Tancheva LP, Lazarova MI, Alexandrova AV, Dragomanova ST, Nicoletti F, Tzvetanova ER, Hodzhev YK, Kalfin RE, Miteva SA, Mazzon E, Tzvetkov NT, Atanasov AG. Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Three Natural Antioxidants on a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease: A Comparative Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9010049. [PMID: 31935828 PMCID: PMC7022962 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We compared the neuroprotective action of three natural bio-antioxidants (AOs): ellagic acid (EA), α-lipoic acid (LA), and myrtenal (Myrt) in an experimental model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) that was induced in male Wistar rats through an intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). The animals were divided into five groups: the sham-operated (SO) control group; striatal 6-OHDA-lesioned control group; and three groups of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats pre-treated for five days with EA, LA, and Myrt (50 mg/kg; intraperitoneally- i.p.), respectively. On the 2nd and the 3rd week post lesion, the animals were subjected to several behavioral tests: apomorphine-induced rotation; rotarod; and the passive avoidance test. Biochemical evaluation included assessment of main oxidative stress parameters as well as dopamine (DA) levels in brain homogenates. The results showed that all three test compounds improved learning and memory performance as well as neuromuscular coordination. Biochemical assays showed that all three compounds substantially decreased lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels, and restored catalase (CAT) activity and DA levels that were impaired by the challenge with 6-OHDA. Based on these results, we can conclude that the studied AOs demonstrate properties that are consistent with significant antiparkinsonian effects. The most powerful neuroprotective effect was observed with Myrt, and this work represents the first demonstration of its anti-Parkinsonian impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyubka P. Tancheva
- Department of Behavior Neurobiology, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; (S.T.D.); (S.A.M.)
- Correspondence: (L.P.T.); (A.G.A.); Tel.: +359-2979-2175 (L.P.T.); +48-227-367-022 (A.G.A.)
| | - Maria I. Lazarova
- Department of Synaptic Signaling and Communications, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; (M.I.L.); (R.E.K.)
| | - Albena V. Alexandrova
- Department Biological Effects of Natural and Synthetic Substances, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; (A.V.A.); (E.R.T.)
| | - Stela T. Dragomanova
- Department of Behavior Neurobiology, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; (S.T.D.); (S.A.M.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Varna 9002, Bulgaria
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Elina R. Tzvetanova
- Department Biological Effects of Natural and Synthetic Substances, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; (A.V.A.); (E.R.T.)
| | - Yordan K. Hodzhev
- Department of Sensory Neurobiology, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria;
| | - Reni E. Kalfin
- Department of Synaptic Signaling and Communications, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; (M.I.L.); (R.E.K.)
| | - Simona A. Miteva
- Department of Behavior Neurobiology, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; (S.T.D.); (S.A.M.)
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy;
| | - Nikolay T. Tzvetkov
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria;
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Department of Synaptic Signaling and Communications, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; (M.I.L.); (R.E.K.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: (L.P.T.); (A.G.A.); Tel.: +359-2979-2175 (L.P.T.); +48-227-367-022 (A.G.A.)
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17
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Ahlawat J, Deemer EM, Narayan M. Chitosan Nanoparticles Rescue Rotenone-Mediated Cell Death. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12071176. [PMID: 30978909 PMCID: PMC6480189 DOI: 10.3390/ma12071176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present investigation was to study the anti-oxidant effect of chitosan nanoparticles on a human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line using a rotenone model to generate reactive oxygen species. Chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized using an ionotropic gelation method. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized using various analytical techniques such as Dynamic Light Scattering, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transmission Infrared spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy. Incubation of SH-SY5Y cells with 50 µM rotenone resulted in 35-50% cell death within 24 h of incubation time. Annexin V/Propidium iodide dual staining verified that the majority of neuronal cell death occurred via the apoptotic pathway. The incubation of cells with chitosan nanoparticles reduced rotenone-initiated cytotoxicity and apoptotic cell death. Given that rotenone insult to cells causes oxidative stress, our results suggest that Chitosan nanoparticles have antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. Chitosan can not only serve as a novel therapeutic drug in the near future but also as a carrier for combo-therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Ahlawat
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
| | - Eva M Deemer
- Material Science & Engineering department, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
| | - Mahesh Narayan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
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18
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Takasugi N, Hiraoka H, Nakahara K, Akiyama S, Fujikawa K, Nomura R, Furuichi M, Uehara T. The Emerging Role of Electrophiles as a Key Regulator for Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1783. [PMID: 30974903 PMCID: PMC6480251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated by the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is called ER stress. ER stress sensors PERK, IRE1, and ATF6 play a central role in the initiation and regulation of the UPR; they inhibit novel protein synthesis and upregulate ER chaperones, such as protein disulfide isomerase, to remove unfolded proteins. However, when recovery from ER stress is difficult, the UPR pathway is activated to eliminate unhealthy cells. This signaling transition is the key event of many human diseases. However, the precise mechanisms are largely unknown. Intriguingly, reactive electrophilic species (RES), which exist in the environment or are produced through cellular metabolism, have been identified as a key player of this transition. In this review, we focused on the function of representative RES: nitric oxide (NO) as a gaseous RES, 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) as a lipid RES, and methylmercury (MeHg) as an environmental organic compound RES, to outline the relationship between ER stress and RES. Modulation by RES might be a target for the development of next-generation therapy for ER stress-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobumasa Takasugi
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Hideki Hiraoka
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Kengo Nakahara
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Shiori Akiyama
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Kana Fujikawa
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Nomura
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Moeka Furuichi
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Takashi Uehara
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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19
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Javed H, Nagoor Meeran MF, Azimullah S, Adem A, Sadek B, Ojha SK. Plant Extracts and Phytochemicals Targeting α-Synuclein Aggregation in Parkinson's Disease Models. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1555. [PMID: 30941047 PMCID: PMC6433754 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (α-syn) is a presynaptic protein that regulates the release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles in the brain. α-Syn aggregates, including Lewy bodies, are features of both sporadic and familial forms of Parkinson's disease (PD). These aggregates undergo several key stages of fibrillation, oligomerization, and aggregation. Therapeutic benefits of drugs decline with disease progression and offer only symptomatic treatment. Novel therapeutic strategies are required which can either prevent or delay the progression of the disease. The link between α-syn and the etiopathogenesis and progression of PD are well-established in the literature. Studies indicate that α-syn is an important therapeutic target and inhibition of α-syn aggregation, oligomerization, and fibrillation are an important disease modification strategy. However, recent studies have shown that plant extracts and phytochemicals have neuroprotective effects on α-syn oligomerization and fibrillation by targeting different key stages of its formation. Although many reviews on the antioxidant-mediated, neuroprotective effect of plant extracts and phytochemicals on PD symptoms have been well-highlighted, the antioxidant mechanisms show limited success for translation to clinical studies. The identification of specific plant extracts and phytochemicals that target α-syn aggregation will provide selective molecules to develop new drugs for PD. The present review provides an overview of plant extracts and phytochemicals that target α-syn in PD and summarizes the observed effects and the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, we provide a synopsis of current experimental models and techniques used to evaluate plant extracts and phytochemicals. Plant extracts and phytochemicals were found to inhibit the aggregation or fibril formation of oligomers. These also appear to direct α-syn oligomer formation into its unstructured form or promote non-toxic pathways and suggested to be valuable drug candidates for PD and related synucleinopathy. Current evidences from in vitro studies require confirmation in the in vivo studies. Further studies are needed to ascertain their potential effects and safety in preclinical studies for pharmaceutical/nutritional development of these phytochemicals or dietary inclusion of the plant extracts in PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayate Javed
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Fizur Nagoor Meeran
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sheikh Azimullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdu Adem
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassem Sadek
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shreesh Kumar Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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20
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Lorenzo JM, Munekata PE, Putnik P, Kovačević DB, Muchenje V, Barba FJ. Sources, Chemistry, and Biological Potential of Ellagitannins and Ellagic Acid Derivatives. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64181-6.00006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Ouyang F, Zhao Z, Gao R, Shi R, Wu E, Lv R, Xu G, Liu J. Dual Maleimide Tagging for Relative and Absolute Quantitation of Cysteine-Containing Peptides by MALDI-TOF MS. Chembiochem 2018; 19:1154-1161. [PMID: 29542852 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A dual maleimide (DuMal) tagging method has been developed for both relative and absolute quantitation of cysteine-containing peptides (CCPs) in combination with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. A pair of maleimides with minimal differences in their chemical structures, N-methylmaleimide and Nethylmaleimide, have been chosen to allow for the rapid (≈minutes) tagging of CCPs in the Michael addition reaction with high efficiency. It has been validated that the DuMal tagging technique is sensitive and reliable in the quantitative analysis of CCPs. Absolute quantitation of CCPs can be achieved with a detection limit as low as 7.3 nm. Relative quantitation of CCPs can be performed in various sample mixtures with consistent results (coefficient of variation <5 %). The DuMal tagging technique provides a sensitive and accurate approach for the quantitation of biomolecules containing thiol reactive sites; thus it is promising for protein detection, disease diagnosis, and biomarker discovery associated with post-translational modifications of cysteines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhong Ouyang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Zhihao Zhao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Ruifang Gao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Rui Shi
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Enhui Wu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Rui Lv
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research, and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, P.R. China
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22
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Gorji N, Moeini R, Memariani Z. Almond, hazelnut and walnut, three nuts for neuroprotection in Alzheimer's disease: A neuropharmacological review of their bioactive constituents. Pharmacol Res 2017; 129:115-127. [PMID: 29208493 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
An increase in the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder is an almost obvious issue in the world. Researches on natural products for finding effective drugs to prevent the disease are in progress. There is special attention to the three types of nuts including almond, hazelnut and walnut in manuscripts of traditional Persian medicine (PM) as the preventive agents against brainatrophy and memory loss. The purpose of this study is a pharmacological review of their bioactive constituents and introducing the value of these nuts as the effective supplements and natural medicinal foods in AD patients. Databases including PubMed and ScienceDirect were searched in title, abstract and keywords from year 2000 to present for AD-related researches on these tree nuts, their major phytochemicals and their mechanisms of action. As result, almond, hazelnut and walnut provide macronutrients, micronutrients, and phytochemicals which affect several pathways in AD pathogenesis such as amyloidogenesis, tau phosphorylation, oxidative stress, cholinergic pathways, and some non-target mechanisms including cholesterol lowering and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as effect on neurogenesis. These nuts are recommended in PM for their brain-protective activity and particularly reversing brain atrophy in case of hazelnut. The therapeutical statements of PM scholars mentioned in their books are based on their clinical observations with support of a long history of experiences. Beyond the molecular activities attributed to the phytochemicals, the use of these tree nuts could be more considered in scientific researches as the effective nutrients for prevention or even management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Gorji
- Traditional Medicine & Medical History Research Center, Health Research Center, Department of Persian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Reihaneh Moeini
- Traditional Medicine & Medical History Research Center, Health Research Center, Department of Persian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zahra Memariani
- Traditional Medicine & Medical History Research Center, Health Research Center, Department of Persian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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23
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Kiasalari Z, Heydarifard R, Khalili M, Afshin-Majd S, Baluchnejadmojarad T, Zahedi E, Sanaierad A, Roghani M. Ellagic acid ameliorates learning and memory deficits in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease: an exploration of underlying mechanisms. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:1841-1852. [PMID: 28303372 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4589-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with irreversible loss of intellectual abilities. Current therapies for AD are still insufficient. OBJECTIVE In this study, the effect of ellagic acid on learning and memory deficits was evaluated in intrahippocampal amyloid beta (Aβ25-35)-microinjected rats and its modes of action were also explored. METHODS AD rat model was induced by bilateral intrahippocampal microinjection of Aβ25-35 and ellagic acid was daily administered (10, 50, and 100 mg/kg), and learning, recognition memory, and spatial memory were evaluated in addition to histochemical assessment, oxidative stress, cholinesterases activity, and level of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). RESULTS The amyloid beta-microinjected rats showed a lower discrimination ratio in novel object and alternation score in Y maze tasks and exhibited an impairment of retention and recall capability in passive avoidance paradigm and higher working and reference memory errors in radial arm maze (RAM). In addition, amyloid beta group showed a lower number of Nissl-stained neurons in CA1 area in addition to enhanced oxidative stress, higher activity of cholinesterases, greater level of NF-κB and TLR4, and lower level of nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio for Nrf2 and ellagic acid at a dose of 100 mg/kg significantly prevented most of these abnormal alterations. CONCLUSIONS Ellagic acid pretreatment of intrahippocampal amyloid beta-microinjected rats could dose-dependently improve learning and memory deficits via neuronal protection and at molecular level through mitigation of oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and modulation of NF-κB/Nrf2/TLR4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Kiasalari
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Khalili
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Elham Zahedi
- School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehrdad Roghani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
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Baluchnejadmojarad T, Rabiee N, Zabihnejad S, Roghani M. Ellagic acid exerts protective effect in intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson’s disease: Possible involvement of ERβ/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Brain Res 2017; 1662:23-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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An 11-mer Amyloid Beta Peptide Fragment Provokes Chemical Mutations and Parkinsonian Biomarker Aggregation in Dopaminergic Cells: A Novel Road Map for "Transfected" Parkinson's. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:1519-1530. [PMID: 27635664 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation is generally associated with Alzheimer's onset. Here, we demonstrate that incubation of dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells with an Aβ peptide fragment (an 11-mer composed of residues 25-35; Aβ (25-35)) results in elevated intracellular nitrosative stress and induces chemical mutation of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), an endoplasmic reticulum-resident oxidoreductase chaperone. Furthermore, Aβ (25-35) provokes aggregation of both the minor and major biomarkers of Parkinson's disease, namely, synphilin-1 and α-synuclein, respectively. Importantly, fluorescence studies demonstrate that Aβ (25-35) triggers colocalization of these Parkinsonian biomarkers to form Lewy-body-like aggregates, a key and irreversible milestone in the neurometabolic cascade leading to Parkinson's disease. In addition, fluorescence assays also reveal direct, aggregation-seeding interactions between Aβ (25-35), PDI and α-synuclein, suggesting neuronal pathogenesis occurs via prion-type cross-transfectivity. These data indicate that the introduction of an Alzheimer's-associated biomarker in dopaminergic cells is proliferative, with the percolative effect exercised via dual, independent, Parkinson-pathogenic pathways, one stress-derived and the other prion-like. The results define a novel molecular roadmap for Parkinsonian transfectivity via an Alzheimeric burden and reveal the involvement of PDI in amyloid beta induced Parkinson's.
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The neuroprotective role of ferrostatin-1 under rotenone-induced oxidative stress in dopaminergic neuroblastoma cells. Protein J 2016; 34:349-58. [PMID: 26385697 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-015-9629-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins including protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) are playing crucial roles in maintaining appropriate protein folding. Under nitrosative stress, an excess of nitric oxide (NO) radical species induced the S-nitrosylation of PDI cysteines which eliminate its isomerase and oxidoreductase capabilities. In addition, the S-nitrosylation-PDI complex is the cause of aggregation especially of the α-synuclein (α-syn) protein (accumulation of Lewy-body aggregates). We recently identified a potent antioxidant small molecule, Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), that was able to inhibit a non-apoptotic cell death named ferroptosis. Ferroptosis cell death involved the generation of oxidative stress particularly lipid peroxide. In this work, we reported the neuroprotective role of ferrostatin-1 under rotenone-induced oxidative stress in dopaminergic neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). We first synthesized the Fer-1 and confirmed that it is not toxic toward the SH-SY5Y cells at concentrations up to 12.5 μM. Second, we showed that Fer-1 compound quenched the commercially available stable radical, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), in non-cellular assay at 82 %. Third, Fer-1 inhibited the ROS/RNS generated under rotenone insult in SH-SY5Y cells. Fourth, we revealed the effective role of Fer-1 in ER stress mediated activation of apoptotic pathway. Finally, we reported that Fer-1 mitigated rotenone-induced α-syn aggregation.
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Khalil MF, Valenzuela C, Sisniega D, Skouta R, Narayan M. ER Protein Processing Under Oxidative Stress: Implications and Prevention. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 74:213-20. [PMID: 26983927 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-016-0726-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Elevated levels of mitochondrial nitrosative stress have been associated with the pathogenesis of both Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. The mechanism involves catalytic poisoning of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident oxidoreductase chaperone, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), and the subsequent accumulation of ER-processed substrate proteins. Using a model system to mimic mitochondrial oxidative and nitrosative stress, we demonstrate a PDI-independent mechanism whereby reactive oxygen species (ROS) compromise regeneration rates of disulfide bond-containing ER-processed proteins. Under ROS-duress, the secretion-destined traffic adopts disulfide-exposed structures making the protein flux retrotranslocation biased. We also demonstrate that ROS-compromised protein maturation rates can be rescued by the polyphenol ellagic acid (EA). Our results are significant in that they reveal an additional mechanism which could promote neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, our data reveal that EA possesses therapeutic potential as a lead prophylactic agent against oxidative/nitrosative stress-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud F Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., Chemistry and Computer Science Building 2.0202, 121 A Spiel Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Carlos Valenzuela
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., Chemistry and Computer Science Building 2.0202, 121 A Spiel Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Daniella Sisniega
- Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Rachid Skouta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., Chemistry and Computer Science Building 2.0202, 121 A Spiel Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
| | - Mahesh Narayan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., Chemistry and Computer Science Building 2.0202, 121 A Spiel Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
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Pal R, Bajaj L, Sharma J, Palmieri M, Di Ronza A, Lotfi P, Chaudhury A, Neilson J, Sardiello M, Rodney GG. NADPH oxidase promotes Parkinsonian phenotypes by impairing autophagic flux in an mTORC1-independent fashion in a cellular model of Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22866. [PMID: 26960433 PMCID: PMC4785399 DOI: 10.1038/srep22866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and aberrant accumulation of misfolded proteins in the cytosol are key pathological features associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). NADPH oxidase (Nox2) is upregulated in the pathogenesis of PD; however, the underlying mechanism(s) of Nox2-mediated oxidative stress in PD pathogenesis are still unknown. Using a rotenone-inducible cellular model of PD, we observed that a short exposure to rotenone (0.5 μM) resulted in impaired autophagic flux through activation of a Nox2 dependent Src/PI3K/Akt axis, with a consequent disruption of a Beclin1-VPS34 interaction that was independent of mTORC1 activity. Sustained exposure to rotenone at a higher dose (10 μM) decreased mTORC1 activity; however, autophagic flux was still impaired due to dysregulation of lysosomal activity with subsequent induction of the apoptotic machinery. Cumulatively, our results highlight a complex pathogenic mechanism for PD where short- and long-term oxidative stress alters different signaling pathways, ultimately resulting in anomalous autophagic activity and disease phenotype. Inhibition of Nox2-dependent oxidative stress attenuated the impaired autophagy and cell death, highlighting the importance and therapeutic potential of these pathways for treating patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituraj Pal
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Lakshya Bajaj
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Jaiprakash Sharma
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Michela Palmieri
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Alberto Di Ronza
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Parisa Lotfi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Arindam Chaudhury
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Joel Neilson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Marco Sardiello
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - George G Rodney
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
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29
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de Oliveira MR. The Effects of Ellagic Acid upon Brain Cells: A Mechanistic View and Future Directions. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:1219-28. [PMID: 26846140 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1853-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA, 2,3,7,8-tetrahydroxy-chromeno; C14H6O8) is a polyphenol derived from fruits (pomegranates, berries) and nuts. EA exhibits antioxidant capacity and induces anti-inflammatory actions in several mammalian tissues. EA has been characterized as a possible neuroprotective agent, but the number of reports is still limited to conclude whether and how EA exerts neuroprotection in humans. In this regard, performing additional studies considering the potential beneficial and/or toxicological roles for EA on brain cells would be an important step towards fully understanding of when and how EA may be securely utilized by humans as a neuroprotective agent. The aim of the present work is to discuss data related to the neuronal and glial effects of EA and the mechanisms underlying such events. Moreover, future directions are suggested as a potential guide to be utilized by researchers interested in investigating the neuronal and glial actions of EA hereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry/ICET, Postgraduate Program in Chemistry (PPGQ), Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, Cuiaba, MT, 78060-900, Brazil.
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30
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Kenche H, Ye ZW, Vedagiri K, Richards DM, Gao XH, Tew KD, Townsend DM, Blumental-Perry A. Adverse Outcomes Associated with Cigarette Smoke Radicals Related to Damage to Protein-disulfide Isomerase. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:4763-78. [PMID: 26728460 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.712331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of factors contributing to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is crucial for developing new treatments. An increase in the levels of protein-disulfide isomerase (PDI), a multifaceted endoplasmic reticulum resident chaperone, has been demonstrated in human smokers, presumably as a protective adaptation to cigarette smoke (CS) exposure. We found a similar increase in the levels of PDI in the murine model of COPD. We also found abnormally high levels (4-6 times) of oxidized and sulfenilated forms of PDI in the lungs of murine smokers compared with non-smokers. PDI oxidation progressively increases with age. We begin to delineate the possible role of an increased ratio of oxidized PDI in the age-related onset of COPD by investigating the impact of exposure to CS radicals, such as acrolein (AC), hydroxyquinones (HQ), peroxynitrites (PN), and hydrogen peroxide, on their ability to induce unfolded protein response (UPR) and their effects on the structure and function of PDIs. Exposure to AC, HQ, PN, and CS resulted in cysteine and tyrosine nitrosylation leading to an altered three-dimensional structure of the PDI due to a decrease in helical content and formation of a more random coil structure, resulting in protein unfolding, inhibition of PDI reductase and isomerase activity in vitro and in vivo, and subsequent induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Addition of glutathione prevented the induction of UPR, and AC and HQ induced structural changes in PDI. Exposure to PN and glutathione resulted in conjugation of PDI possibly at active site tyrosine residues. The findings presented here propose a new role of PDI in the pathogenesis of COPD and its age-dependent onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshavardhan Kenche
- From the Anderson Cancer Institute, Memorial Health University Medical Center, Savannah, Georgia 31404
| | - Zhi-Wei Ye
- the College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Kokilavani Vedagiri
- From the Anderson Cancer Institute, Memorial Health University Medical Center, Savannah, Georgia 31404
| | - Dylan M Richards
- From the Anderson Cancer Institute, Memorial Health University Medical Center, Savannah, Georgia 31404
| | - Xing-Huang Gao
- Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, and
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- the College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Danyelle M Townsend
- the College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Anna Blumental-Perry
- From the Anderson Cancer Institute, Memorial Health University Medical Center, Savannah, Georgia 31404, the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia 31404, the Departments of Surgery and
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31
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Choi J, Polcher A, Joas A. Systematic literature review on Parkinson's disease and Childhood Leukaemia and mode of actions for pesticides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2016.en-955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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32
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Conway ME, Harris M. S-nitrosylation of the thioredoxin-like domains of protein disulfide isomerase and its role in neurodegenerative conditions. Front Chem 2015; 3:27. [PMID: 25932462 PMCID: PMC4399332 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2015.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Correct protein folding and inhibition of protein aggregation is facilitated by a cellular “quality control system” that engages a network of protein interactions including molecular chaperones and the ubiquitin proteasome system. Key chaperones involved in these regulatory mechanisms are the protein disulfide isomerases (PDI) and their homologs, predominantly expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum of most tissues. Redox changes that disrupt ER homeostasis can lead to modification of these enzymes or chaperones with the loss of their proposed neuroprotective role resulting in an increase in protein misfolding. Misfolded protein aggregates have been observed in several disease states and are considered to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral sclerosis. This review will focus on the importance of the thioredoxin-like CGHC active site of PDI and how our understanding of this structural motif will play a key role in unraveling the pathogenic mechanisms that underpin these neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myra E Conway
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England Bristol, UK
| | - Matthew Harris
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England Bristol, UK
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