1
|
Girigoswami K, Arunkumar R, Girigoswami A. Management of hypertension addressing hyperuricaemia: introduction of nano-based approaches. Ann Med 2024; 56:2352022. [PMID: 38753584 PMCID: PMC11100442 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2352022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Uric acid (UA) levels in blood serum have been associated with hypertension, indicating a potential causal relationship between high serum UA levels and the progression of hypertension. Therefore, the reduction of serum UA level is considered a potential strategy for lowering and mitigating blood pressure. If an individual is at risk of developing or already manifesting elevated blood pressure, this intervention could be an integral part of a comprehensive treatment plan. By addressing hyperuricaemia, practitioners may subsidize the optimization of blood pressure regulation, which illustrates the importance of addressing UA levels as a valuable strategy within the broader context of hypertension management. In this analysis, we outlined the operational principles of effective xanthine oxidase inhibitors for the treatment of hyperuricaemia and hypertension, along with an exploration of the contribution of nanotechnology to this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koyeli Girigoswami
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, India
| | - Radhakrishnan Arunkumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, India
| | - Agnishwar Girigoswami
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Giri NC, Mintmier B, Radhakrishnan M, Mielke JW, Wilcoxen J, Basu P. The critical role of a conserved lysine residue in periplasmic nitrate reductase catalyzed reactions. J Biol Inorg Chem 2024; 29:395-405. [PMID: 38782786 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-024-02057-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Periplasmic nitrate reductase NapA from Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) contains a molybdenum cofactor (Moco) and a 4Fe-4S cluster and catalyzes the reduction of nitrate to nitrite. The reducing equivalent required for the catalysis is transferred from NapC → NapB → NapA. The electron transfer from NapB to NapA occurs through the 4Fe-4S cluster in NapA. C. jejuni NapA has a conserved lysine (K79) between the Mo-cofactor and the 4Fe-4S cluster. K79 forms H-bonding interactions with the 4Fe-4S cluster and connects the latter with the Moco via an H-bonding network. Thus, it is conceivable that K79 could play an important role in the intramolecular electron transfer and the catalytic activity of NapA. In the present study, we show that the mutation of K79 to Ala leads to an almost complete loss of activity, suggesting its role in catalytic activity. The inhibition of C. jejuni NapA by cyanide, thiocyanate, and azide has also been investigated. The inhibition studies indicate that cyanide inhibits NapA in a non-competitive manner, while thiocyanate and azide inhibit NapA in an uncompetitive manner. Neither inhibition mechanism involves direct binding of the inhibitor to the Mo-center. These results have been discussed in the context of the loss of catalytic activity of NapA K79A variant and a possible anion binding site in NapA has been proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitai C Giri
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Breeanna Mintmier
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Manohar Radhakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jonathan W Mielke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jarett Wilcoxen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Partha Basu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cranswick MA, Sperber EC, Houser RP, Farquhar ER. Isolation and characterization of a bis(dithiolene)-supported tungsten-acetylenic complex as a model for acetylene hydratase. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 255:112543. [PMID: 38554579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Acetylene hydratase is currently the only known mononuclear tungstoenzyme that does not catalyze a net redox reaction. The conversion of acetylene to acetaldehyde is proposed to occur at a W(IV) active site through first-sphere coordination of the acetylene substrate. To date, a handful of tungsten complexes have been shown to bind acetylene, but many lack the bis(dithiolene) motif of the native enzyme. The model compound, [W(O)(mnt)2]2-, where mnt2- is 1,2-dicyano-1,2-dithiolate, was previously reported to bind an electrophilic acetylene substrate, dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, and characterized by FT-IR, UV-vis, potentiometry, and mass spectrometry (Yadav, J; Das, S. K.; Sarkar, S., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1997, 119, 4316-4317). By slightly changing the electrophilic acetylene substrate, an acetylenic-bis(dithiolene)‑tungsten(IV) complex has been isolated and characterized by FT-IR, UV-vis, NMR, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Activation parameters for complex formation were also determined and suggest coordination-sphere reorganization is a limiting factor in the model complex reactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Cranswick
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University Pueblo, Pueblo, CO 81001, USA.
| | - E Christine Sperber
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University Pueblo, Pueblo, CO 81001, USA
| | - Robert P Houser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, USA
| | - Erik R Farquhar
- Case Western Reserve University Center for Synchrotron Biosciences, National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nguyen HL, Crowhurst KA. Solution NMR chemical shift assignment of apo and molybdate-bound ModA at two pHs. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2024; 18:93-98. [PMID: 38642264 PMCID: PMC11192017 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-024-10173-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
ModA is a soluble periplasmic molybdate-binding protein found in most gram-negative bacteria. It is part of the ABC transporter complex ModABC that moves molybdenum into the cytoplasm, to be used by enzymes that carry out various redox reactions. Since there is no clear analog for ModA in humans, this protein could be a good target for antibacterial drug design. Backbone 1H, 13C and 15N chemical shifts of apo and molybdate-bound ModA from E. coli were assigned at pHs 6.0 and 4.5. In addition, side chain atoms were assigned for apo ModA at pH 6.0. When comparing apo and molybdate-bound ModA at pH 6.0, large chemical shift perturbations are observed, not only in areas near the bound metal, but also in regions that are distant from the metal-binding site. Given the significant conformational change between apo and holo ModA, we might expect the large chemical shift changes to be more widespread; however, since they are limited to specific regions, the residues with large perturbations may reveal allosteric sites that could ultimately be important for the design of antibiotics that target ModA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiep Ld Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, 91330-8262, USA
| | - Karin A Crowhurst
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, 91330-8262, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hasnat MA, Leimkühler S. Shared functions of Fe-S cluster assembly and Moco biosynthesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119731. [PMID: 38631442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Molybdenum cofactor (Moco) biosynthesis is a complex process that involves the coordinated function of several proteins. In the recent years it has become evident that the availability of Fe-S clusters play an important role for the biosynthesis of Moco. First, the MoaA protein binds two [4Fe-4S] clusters per monomer. Second, the expression of the moaABCDE and moeAB operons is regulated by FNR, which senses the availability of oxygen via a functional [4Fe-4S] cluster. Finally, the conversion of cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate to molybdopterin requires the availability of the L-cysteine desulfurase IscS, which is an enzyme involved in the transfer of sulfur to various acceptor proteins with a main role in the assembly of Fe-S clusters. In this review, we dissect the dependence of the production of active molybdoenzymes in detail, starting from the regulation of gene expression and further explaining sulfur delivery and Fe-S cluster insertion into target enzymes. Further, Fe-S cluster assembly is also linked to iron availability. While the abundance of selected molybdoenzymes is largely decreased under iron-limiting conditions, we explain that the expression of the genes is dependent on an active FNR protein. FNR is a very important transcription factor that represents the master-switch for the expression of target genes in response to anaerobiosis. Moco biosynthesis is further directly dependent on the presence of ArcA and also on an active Fur protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abrar Hasnat
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Molecular Enzymology, Karl-Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Silke Leimkühler
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Molecular Enzymology, Karl-Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Soong CL, Deguchi K, Takeuchi M, Kozono S, Horinouchi N, Si D, Hibi M, Shimizu S, Ogawa J. Gene identification and enzymatic characterization of the initial enzyme in pyrimidine oxidative metabolism, uracil-thymine dehydrogenase. J Biosci Bioeng 2024; 137:413-419. [PMID: 38485553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Uracil-thymine dehydrogenase (UTDH), which catalyzes the irreversible oxidation of uracil to barbituric acid in oxidative pyrimidine metabolism, was purified from Rhodococcus erythropolis JCM 3132. The finding of unusual stabilizing conditions (pH 11, in the presence of NADP+ or NADPH) enabled the enzyme purification. The purified enzyme was a heteromer consisting of three different subunits. The enzyme catalyzed oxidation of uracil to barbituric acid with artificial electron acceptors such as methylene blue, phenazine methosulfate, benzoquinone, and α-naphthoquinone; however, NAD+, NADP+, flavin adenine dinucleotide, and flavin mononucleotide did not serve as electron acceptors. The enzyme acted not only on uracil and thymine but also on 5-halogen-substituted uracil and hydroxypyrimidine (pyrimidone), while dihydropyrimidine, which is an intermediate in reductive pyrimidine metabolism, and purine did not serve as substrates. The activity of UTDH was enhanced by cerium ions, and this activation was observed with all combinations of substrates and electron acceptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chee-Leong Soong
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kengo Deguchi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Michiki Takeuchi
- Industrial Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Syoko Kozono
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Horinouchi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Dayong Si
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Makoto Hibi
- Industrial Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Sakayu Shimizu
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Satkanov M, Tazhibay D, Zhumabekova B, Assylbekova G, Abdukarimov N, Nurbekova Z, Kulatayeva M, Aubakirova K, Alikulov Z. Method for assessing the content of molybdenum enzymes in the internal organs of fish. MethodsX 2024; 12:102576. [PMID: 38304395 PMCID: PMC10832488 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Molybdenum enzymes (Mo-enzymes) contain a molybdenum cofactor (MoCo) in the active site. These enzymes are potentially interesting for studying the survival mechanism of fish under hypoxic water conditions. This is because Mo-enzymes can synthesize nitric oxide from nitrates and nitrites, which are present in high concentrations under hypoxic water conditions. However, there is currently no method for assessing the Mo-enzymes content in the fish internal organs. Methods capable of determining Mo-enzymes content in the fish are of major importance. For this purpose, a method for quantitative determination of MoCo from plant tissues was modified. We demonstrated the Mo-enzyme content assessment by isolated MoCo from the fish's internal organs and the Neurospora crassa nit-1 extract containing inactive NADPH nitrate reductase. The Mo enzyme content was calculated using a calibration curve in nM of nitrites as a product of restored NADPH reductase activity after complementation with MoCo. Here we present a robust laboratory method which can be used to assess the content of Mo-enzymes in the internal organs of fish.•Mo-enzymes play a crucial role in detoxifying toxic compounds. Therefore, it is important to develop a method to accurately determine the amount of Mo-enzymes present. Notably, the method demonstrated the efficiency and accuracy as detected high content of Mo-enzymes in the liver and intestines (P < 0.0001). The obtained data on the distribution of Mo-enzymes in the internal organs of this species correspond to that of other vertebrates. Here, we present a rapid, sensitive, accurate and accessible method.•The developed method is simple and easy to use. Importantly, the protocol does not require complex manipulations, and the equipment used is available in most laboratories. The article provides step-by-step instructions for reproducing the method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mereke Satkanov
- L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Higher School of Living Systems, Kaliningrad, 236041, Russia
| | - Diana Tazhibay
- L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Bibigul Zhumabekova
- Pavlodar Pedagogical University, Higher School of Natural Science, Pavlodar, 140002, Kazakhstan
| | - Gulmira Assylbekova
- Pavlodar Pedagogical University, Higher School of Natural Science, Pavlodar, 140002, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Zhadyrassyn Nurbekova
- L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Maral Kulatayeva
- L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Karlygash Aubakirova
- L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Zerekbai Alikulov
- L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Grover K, Koblova A, Pezacki AT, Chang CJ, New EJ. Small-Molecule Fluorescent Probes for Binding- and Activity-Based Sensing of Redox-Active Biological Metals. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5846-5929. [PMID: 38657175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Although transition metals constitute less than 0.1% of the total mass within a human body, they have a substantial impact on fundamental biological processes across all kingdoms of life. Indeed, these nutrients play crucial roles in the physiological functions of enzymes, with the redox properties of many of these metals being essential to their activity. At the same time, imbalances in transition metal pools can be detrimental to health. Modern analytical techniques are helping to illuminate the workings of metal homeostasis at a molecular and atomic level, their spatial localization in real time, and the implications of metal dysregulation in disease pathogenesis. Fluorescence microscopy has proven to be one of the most promising non-invasive methods for studying metal pools in biological samples. The accuracy and sensitivity of bioimaging experiments are predominantly determined by the fluorescent metal-responsive sensor, highlighting the importance of rational probe design for such measurements. This review covers activity- and binding-based fluorescent metal sensors that have been applied to cellular studies. We focus on the essential redox-active metals: iron, copper, manganese, cobalt, chromium, and nickel. We aim to encourage further targeted efforts in developing innovative approaches to understanding the biological chemistry of redox-active metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karandeep Grover
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Alla Koblova
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Aidan T Pezacki
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Christopher J Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Elizabeth J New
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vilela-Alves G, Rebelo Manuel R, Pedrosa N, Cardoso Pereira IA, Romão MJ, Mota C. Structural and biochemical characterization of the M405S variant of Desulfovibrio vulgaris formate dehydrogenase. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2024; 80:98-106. [PMID: 38699971 PMCID: PMC11134731 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x24003911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Molybdenum- or tungsten-dependent formate dehydrogenases have emerged as significant catalysts for the chemical reduction of CO2 to formate, with biotechnological applications envisaged in climate-change mitigation. The role of Met405 in the active site of Desulfovibrio vulgaris formate dehydrogenase AB (DvFdhAB) has remained elusive. However, its proximity to the metal site and the conformational change that it undergoes between the resting and active forms suggests a functional role. In this work, the M405S variant was engineered, which allowed the active-site geometry in the absence of methionine Sδ interactions with the metal site to be revealed and the role of Met405 in catalysis to be probed. This variant displayed reduced activity in both formate oxidation and CO2 reduction, together with an increased sensitivity to oxygen inactivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Vilela-Alves
- UCIBIO, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB – Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rita Rebelo Manuel
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Neide Pedrosa
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Inês A. Cardoso Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria João Romão
- UCIBIO, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB – Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Cristiano Mota
- UCIBIO, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB – Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hu B, Ouyang Y, Zhao T, Wang Z, Yan Q, Qian Q, Wang W, Wang S. Antioxidant Hydrogels: Antioxidant Mechanisms, Design Strategies, and Applications in the Treatment of Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303817. [PMID: 38166174 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a biochemical process that disrupts the redox balance due to an excess of oxidized substances within the cell. Oxidative stress is closely associated with a multitude of diseases and health issues, including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, inflammatory conditions, and aging. Therefore, the developing of antioxidant treatment strategies has emerged as a pivotal area of medical research. Hydrogels have garnered considerable attention due to their exceptional biocompatibility, adjustable physicochemical properties, and capabilities for drug delivery. Numerous antioxidant hydrogels have been developed and proven effective in alleviating oxidative stress. In the pursuit of more effective treatments for oxidative stress-related diseases, there is an urgent need for advanced strategies for the fabrication of multifunctional antioxidant hydrogels. Consequently, the authors' focus will be on hydrogels that possess exceptional reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species scavenging capabilities, and their role in oxidative stress therapy will be evaluated. Herein, the antioxidant mechanisms and the design strategies of antioxidant hydrogels and their applications in oxidative stress-related diseases are discussed systematically in order to provide critical insights for further advancements in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Yongliang Ouyang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Zhengyue Wang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Qiling Yan
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Qinyuan Qian
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Wenyi Wang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Shige Wang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Duffus BR, Gauglitz M, Teutloff C, Leimkühler S. Redox potentials elucidate the electron transfer pathway of NAD +-dependent formate dehydrogenases. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 253:112487. [PMID: 38306887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Metal-dependent, nicotine adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent formate dehydrogenases (FDHs) are complex metalloenzymes coupling biochemical transformations through intricate electron transfer pathways. Rhodobacter capsulatus FDH is a model enzyme for understanding coupled catalysis, in that reversible CO2 reduction and formate oxidation are linked to a flavin mononuclotide (FMN)-bound diaphorase module via seven iron-sulfur (FeS) clusters as a dimer of heterotetramers. Catalysis occurs at a bis-metal-binding pterin (Mo) binding two molybdopterin guanine dinucleotides (bis-MGD), a protein-based Cys residue and a participatory sulfido ligand. Insights regarding the proposed electron transfer mechanism between the bis-MGD and the FMN have been complicated by the discovery that an alternative pathway might occur via intersubunit electron transfer between two [4Fe4S] clusters within electron transfer distance. To clarify this difference, the redox potentials of the bis-MGD and the FeS clusters were determined via redox titration by EPR spectroscopy. Redox potentials for the bis-MGD cofactor and five of the seven FeS clusters could be assigned. Furthermore, substitution of the active site residue Lys295 with Ala resulted in altered enzyme kinetics, primarily due to a more negative redox potential of the A1 [4Fe4S] cluster. Finally, characterization of the monomeric FdsGBAD heterotetramer exhibited slightly decreased formate oxidation activity and similar iron-sulfur clusters reduced relative to the dimeric heterotetramer. Comparison of the measured redox potentials relative to structurally defined FeS clusters support a mechanism by which electron transfer occurs within a heterotetrameric unit, with the interfacial [4Fe4S] cluster serving as a structural component toward the integrity of the heterodimeric structure to drive efficient catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Duffus
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Molecular Enzymology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marcel Gauglitz
- Institute for Experimental Physics, Free University of Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Teutloff
- Institute for Experimental Physics, Free University of Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Silke Leimkühler
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Molecular Enzymology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ferizhendi KK, Simon P, Pelosi L, Séchet E, Arulanandam R, Chehade MH, Rey M, Onal D, Flandrin L, Chreim R, Faivre B, Vo SCDT, Arias-Cartin R, Barras F, Fontecave M, Bouveret E, Lombard M, Pierrel F. An organic O donor for biological hydroxylation reactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321242121. [PMID: 38507448 PMCID: PMC10990095 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321242121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
All biological hydroxylation reactions are thought to derive the oxygen atom from one of three inorganic oxygen donors, O2, H2O2, or H2O. Here, we have identified the organic compound prephenate as the oxygen donor for the three hydroxylation steps of the O2-independent biosynthetic pathway of ubiquinone, a widely distributed lipid coenzyme. Prephenate is an intermediate in the aromatic amino acid pathway and genetic experiments showed that it is essential for ubiquinone biosynthesis in Escherichia coli under anaerobic conditions. Metabolic labeling experiments with 18O-shikimate, a precursor of prephenate, demonstrated the incorporation of 18O atoms into ubiquinone. The role of specific iron-sulfur enzymes belonging to the widespread U32 protein family is discussed. Prephenate-dependent hydroxylation reactions represent a unique biochemical strategy for adaptation to anaerobic environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippe Simon
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, Institut de Chimie, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 8229, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, Paris75005, France
| | - Ludovic Pelosi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, Grenoble38000, France
| | - Emmanuel Séchet
- SAMe Unit, Département de Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR CNRS 6047, ParisF-75015, France
| | - Roache Arulanandam
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, Institut de Chimie, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 8229, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, Paris75005, France
| | - Mahmoud Hajj Chehade
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, Grenoble38000, France
| | - Martial Rey
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UAR2024, Mass Spectrometry for Biology, ParisF-75015, France
| | - Deniz Onal
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, Institut de Chimie, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 8229, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, Paris75005, France
| | - Laura Flandrin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, Grenoble38000, France
| | - Rouba Chreim
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, Grenoble38000, France
| | - Bruno Faivre
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, Institut de Chimie, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 8229, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, Paris75005, France
| | - Samuel Chau-Duy-Tam Vo
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, Institut de Chimie, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 8229, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, Paris75005, France
| | - Rodrigo Arias-Cartin
- SAMe Unit, Département de Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR CNRS 6047, ParisF-75015, France
| | - Frédéric Barras
- SAMe Unit, Département de Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR CNRS 6047, ParisF-75015, France
| | - Marc Fontecave
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, Institut de Chimie, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 8229, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, Paris75005, France
| | - Emmanuelle Bouveret
- SAMe Unit, Département de Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR CNRS 6047, ParisF-75015, France
| | - Murielle Lombard
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, Institut de Chimie, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 8229, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, Paris75005, France
| | - Fabien Pierrel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, Grenoble38000, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Laketa D, Lavrnja I. Extracellular Purine Metabolism-Potential Target in Multiple Sclerosis. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04104-9. [PMID: 38499905 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The purinergic signaling system comprises a complex network of extracellular purines and purine-metabolizing ectoenzymes, nucleotide and nucleoside receptors, ATP release channels, and nucleoside transporters. Because of its immunomodulatory function, this system is critically involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its best-characterized animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). MS is a chronic neuroinflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease with autoimmune etiology and great heterogeneity, mostly affecting young adults and leading to permanent disability. In MS/EAE, alterations were detected in almost all components of the purinergic signaling system in both peripheral immune cells and central nervous system (CNS) glial cells, which play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. A decrease in extracellular ATP levels and an increase in its downstream metabolites, particularly adenosine and inosine, were frequently observed at MS, indicating a shift in metabolism toward an anti-inflammatory environment. Accordingly, upregulation of the major ectonucleotidase tandem CD39/CD73 was detected in the blood cells and CNS of relapsing-remitting MS patients. Based on the postulated role of A2A receptors in the transition from acute to chronic neuroinflammation, the association of variants of the adenosine deaminase gene with the severity of MS, and the beneficial effects of inosine treatment in EAE, the adenosinergic system emerged as a promising target in neuroinflammation. More recently, several publications have identified ADP-dependent P2Y12 receptors and the major extracellular ADP producing enzyme nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2 (NTPDase2) as novel potential targets in MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Laketa
- Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry "Ivan Djaja", Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 3, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia.
| | - Irena Lavrnja
- Institute for Biological Research, Sinisa Stankovic" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Maiti BK, Moura I, Moura JJG. Molybdenum-Copper Antagonism In Metalloenzymes And Anti-Copper Therapy. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300679. [PMID: 38205937 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The connection between 3d (Cu) and 4d (Mo) via the "Mo-S-Cu" unit is called Mo-Cu antagonism. Biology offers case studies of such interactions in metalloproteins such as Mo/Cu-CO Dehydrogenases (Mo/Cu-CODH), and Mo/Cu Orange Protein (Mo/Cu-ORP). The CODH significantly maintains the CO level in the atmosphere below the toxic level by converting it to non-toxic CO2 for respiring organisms. Several models were synthesized to understand the structure-function relationship of these native enzymes. However, this interaction was first observed in ruminants, and they convert molybdate (MoO4 2- ) into tetrathiomolybdate (MoS4 2- ; TTM), reacting with cellular Cu to yield biological unavailable Mo/S/Cu cluster, then developing Cu-deficiency diseases. These findings inspire the use of TTM as a Cu-sequester drug, especially for treating Cu-dependent human diseases such as Wilson diseases (WD) and cancer. It is well known that a balanced Cu homeostasis is essential for a wide range of biological processes, but negative consequence leads to cell toxicity. Therefore, this review aims to connect the Mo-Cu antagonism in metalloproteins and anti-copper therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biplab K Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, School of sciences, Cluster University of Jammu, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Isabel Moura
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology (FCT NOVA), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus, de Caparica, Portugal
| | - José J G Moura
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology (FCT NOVA), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus, de Caparica, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang Z, Diao R, Sun J, Liu Y, Zhao M, Wang Q, Xu Z, Zhong B. Diversified molecular adaptations of inorganic nitrogen assimilation and signaling machineries in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:2108-2123. [PMID: 38155438 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Plants evolved sophisticated machineries to monitor levels of external nitrogen supply, respond to nitrogen demand from different tissues and integrate this information for coordinating its assimilation. Although roles of inorganic nitrogen in orchestrating developments have been studied in model plants and crops, systematic understanding of the origin and evolution of its assimilation and signaling machineries remains largely unknown. We expanded taxon samplings of algae and early-diverging land plants, covering all main lineages of Archaeplastida, and reconstructed the evolutionary history of core components involved in inorganic nitrogen assimilation and signaling. Most components associated with inorganic nitrogen assimilation were derived from the ancestral Archaeplastida. Improvements of assimilation machineries by gene duplications and horizontal gene transfers were evident during plant terrestrialization. Clusterization of genes encoding nitrate assimilation proteins might be an adaptive strategy for algae to cope with changeable nitrate availability in different habitats. Green plants evolved complex nitrate signaling machinery that was stepwise improved by domains shuffling and regulation co-option. Our study highlights innovations in inorganic nitrogen assimilation and signaling machineries, ranging from molecular modifications of proteins to genomic rearrangements, which shaped developmental and metabolic adaptations of plants to changeable nutrient availability in environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Runjie Diao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jingyan Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yannan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mengru Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qiuping Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zilong Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bojian Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Park J, Heo Y, Jeon BW, Jung M, Kim YH, Lee HH, Roh SH. Structure of recombinant formate dehydrogenase from Methylobacterium extorquens (MeFDH1). Sci Rep 2024; 14:3819. [PMID: 38360844 PMCID: PMC10869683 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Formate dehydrogenase (FDH) is critical for the conversion between formate and carbon dioxide. Despite its importance, the structural complexity of FDH and difficulties in the production of the enzyme have made elucidating its unique physicochemical properties challenging. Here, we purified recombinant Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 FDH (MeFDH1) and used cryo-electron microscopy to determine its structure. We resolved a heterodimeric MeFDH1 structure at a resolution of 2.8 Å, showing a noncanonical active site and a well-embedded Fe-S redox chain relay. In particular, the tungsten bis-molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide active site showed an open configuration with a flexible C-terminal cap domain, suggesting structural and dynamic heterogeneity in the enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junsun Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonyoung Heo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Wook Jeon
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingyu Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hwan Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyung Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soung-Hun Roh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xu R, Deng P, Ma Y, Li K, Ren F, Li N. Anti-Hyperuricemic Effects of Extracts from Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai Fruits on Hyperuricemic Rats. Metabolites 2024; 14:117. [PMID: 38393010 PMCID: PMC10890149 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14020117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai (C. speciosa) fruit has medicinal and food applications and exhibits beneficial pharmacological properties. This study aimed to explore the hypouricemic effect of C. speciosa fruit extracts on hyperuricemic rats and uncover potential protective mechanisms. The rats were given hypoxanthine (HX, 100 mg/kg) and potassium oxonate (PO, 300 mg/kg) for 14 days to induce hyperuricemia. Subsequently, the rats were orally administered C. speciosa fruits total extract (CSFTE, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) and allopurinol (AP, 10 mg/kg) one hour after exposure to HX and PO. The results showed that CSFTE had significant xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitory activity in vitro (IC50 value of 334.2 μg/mL) and exhibited hypouricemic effects in vivo, reducing uric acid (UA), creatinine (CRE), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in serum. CSFTE increased UA excretion through the regulation of URAT1, GLUT9, OAT1, and OAT3 protein expression in the kidneys of hyperuricemic rats. Additionally, CSFTE (500 and 1000 mg/kg) was more effective than AP in improving renal injury and protecting kidney function in hyperuricemic rats. Our study demonstrated that CSFTE effectively reduced UA levels and protected the kidneys by inhibiting XOD expression in vitro and regulating UA, CRE, BUN, URAT1, GLUT9, OAT1, and OAT3 proteins in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoling Xu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Peng Deng
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yiren Ma
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Kui Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Fucai Ren
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ning Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Huang XL, Harmer JR, Schenk G, Southam G. Inorganic Fe-O and Fe-S oxidoreductases: paradigms for prebiotic chemistry and the evolution of enzymatic activity in biology. Front Chem 2024; 12:1349020. [PMID: 38389729 PMCID: PMC10881703 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1349020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidoreductases play crucial roles in electron transfer during biological redox reactions. These reactions are not exclusive to protein-based biocatalysts; nano-size (<100 nm), fine-grained inorganic colloids, such as iron oxides and sulfides, also participate. These nanocolloids exhibit intrinsic redox activity and possess direct electron transfer capacities comparable to their biological counterparts. The unique metal ion architecture of these nanocolloids, including electron configurations, coordination environment, electron conductivity, and the ability to promote spontaneous electron hopping, contributes to their transfer capabilities. Nano-size inorganic colloids are believed to be among the earliest 'oxidoreductases' to have 'evolved' on early Earth, playing critical roles in biological systems. Representing a distinct type of biocatalysts alongside metalloproteins, these nanoparticles offer an early alternative to protein-based oxidoreductase activity. While the roles of inorganic nano-sized catalysts in current Earth ecosystems are intuitively significant, they remain poorly understood and underestimated. Their contribution to chemical reactions and biogeochemical cycles likely helped shape and maintain the balance of our planet's ecosystems. However, their potential applications in biomedical, agricultural, and environmental protection sectors have not been fully explored or exploited. This review examines the structure, properties, and mechanisms of such catalysts from a material's evolutionary standpoint, aiming to raise awareness of their potential to provide innovative solutions to some of Earth's sustainability challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lan Huang
- NYS Center for Clean Water Technology, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Harmer
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gerhard Schenk
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gordon Southam
- Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hasnat MA, Zupok A, Gorka M, Iobbi-Nivol C, Skirycz A, Jourlin-Castelli C, Bier F, Agarwal S, Irefo E, Leimkühler S. Iron limitation indirectly reduces the Escherichia coli torCAD operon expression by a reduction of molybdenum cofactor availability. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0348023. [PMID: 38193660 PMCID: PMC10845959 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03480-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The expression of most molybdoenzymes in Escherichia coli has so far been revealed to be regulated by anaerobiosis and requires the presence of iron, based on the necessity of the transcription factor FNR to bind one [4Fe-4S] cluster. One exception is trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase encoded by the torCAD operon, which has been described to be expressed independently from FNR. In contrast to other alternative anaerobic respiratory systems, the expression of the torCAD operon was shown not to be completely repressed by the presence of dioxygen. To date, the basis for the O2-dependent expression of the torCAD operon has been related to the abundance of the transcriptional regulator IscR, which represses the transcription of torS and torT, and is more abundant under aerobic conditions than under anaerobic conditions. In this study, we reinvestigated the regulation of the torCAD operon and its dependence on the presence of iron and identified a novel regulation that depends on the presence of the bis-molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide (bis-MGD) molybdenum cofactor . We confirmed that the torCAD operon is directly regulated by the heme-containing protein TorC and is indirectly regulated by ArcA and by the availability of iron via active FNR and Fur, both regulatory proteins that influence the synthesis of the molybdenum cofactor. Furthermore, we identified a novel regulation mode of torCAD expression that is dependent on cellular levels of bis-MGD and is not used by other bis-MGD-containing enzymes like nitrate reductase.IMPORTANCEIn bacteria, molybdoenzymes are crucial for anaerobic respiration using alternative electron acceptors. FNR is a very important transcription factor that represents the master switch for the expression of target genes in response to anaerobiosis. Only Escherichia coli trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) reductase escapes this regulation by FNR. We identified that the expression of TMAO reductase is regulated by the amount of bis-molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide (bis-MGD) cofactor synthesized by the cell itself, representing a novel regulation pathway for the expression of an operon coding for a molybdoenzyme. Furthermore, TMAO reductase gene expression is indirectly regulated by the presence of iron, which is required for the production of the bis-MGD cofactor in the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abrar Hasnat
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Arkadiusz Zupok
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michal Gorka
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Chantal Iobbi-Nivol
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | | | - Cécile Jourlin-Castelli
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Frank Bier
- Department of Molecular Bioanalytics and Bioelectronics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Saloni Agarwal
- Department of Molecular Bioanalytics and Bioelectronics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ehizode Irefo
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Silke Leimkühler
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pimviriyakul P, Sucharitakul J, Maenpuen S. Mechanistic insights into iron-sulfur clusters and flavin oxidation of a novel xanthine oxidoreductase from Sulfobacillus acidophilus TPY. FEBS J 2024; 291:527-546. [PMID: 37899720 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) catalyzes the oxidation of purines (hypoxanthine and xanthine) to uric acid. XOR is widely used in various therapeutic and biotechnological applications. In this study, we characterized the biophysical and mechanistic properties of a novel bacterial XOR from Sulfobacillus acidophilus TPY (SaXOR). Our results showed that SaXOR is a heterotrimer consisting of three subunits, namely XoA, XoB, and XoC, which denote the molybdenum cofactor (Moco), 2Fe-2S, and FAD-binding domains, respectively. XoC was found to be stable when co-expressed with XoB, forming an XoBC complex. Furthermore, we prepared a fusion of XoB and XoC via a flexible linker (fusXoBC) and evaluated its function in comparison to that of XoBC. Spectroscopic analysis revealed that XoB harbors two 2Fe-2S clusters, whereas XoC bears a single-bound FAD cofactor. Electron transfer from reduced forms of XoC, XoBC, and fusXoBC to molecular oxygen (O2 ) during oxidative half-reaction yielded no flavin semiquinones, implying ultrafast single-electron transfer from 2Fe-2Sred to FAD. In the presence of XoA, XoBC and fusXoBC exhibited comparable XoA affinity and exploited a shared overall mechanism. Nonetheless, the linkage may accelerate the two-step, single-electron transfer cascade from 2Fe-2Sred to FAD while augmenting protein stability. Collectively, our findings provide novel insights into SaXOR properties and oxidation mechanisms divergent from prior mammalian and bacterial XOR paradigms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panu Pimviriyakul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jeerus Sucharitakul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Skeletal Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somchart Maenpuen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xue M, Peng Z, Tao K, Jia J, Song D, Tung CH, Wang W. Catalytic hydrogenation of olefins by a multifunctional molybdenum-sulfur complex. Nat Commun 2024; 15:797. [PMID: 38280870 PMCID: PMC10821942 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Exploration of molybdenum complexes as homogeneous hydrogenation catalysts has garnered significant attention, but hydrogenation of unactivated olefins under mild conditions are scarce. Here, we report the synthesis of a molybdenum complex, [Cp*Mo(Ph2PC6H4S-CH = CH2)(Py)]+ (2), which exhibits intriguing reactivity toward C2H2 and H2 under ambient pressure. This vinylthioether complex showcases efficient catalytic activity in the hydrogenation of various aromatic and aliphatic alkenes, demonstrating a broad substrate scope without the need for any additives. The catalytic pathway involves an uncommon oxidative addition of H2 to the cationic Mo(II) center, resulting in a Mo(IV) dihydride intermediate. Moreover, complex 2 also shows catalytic activity toward C2H2, leading to the production of polyacetylene and the extension of the vinylthioether ligand into a pendant triene chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Peng
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Keyan Tao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Jiong Jia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Datong Song
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Wenguang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, China.
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Christie IN, Theparambil SM, Braga A, Doronin M, Hosford PS, Brazhe A, Mascarenhas A, Nizari S, Hadjihambi A, Wells JA, Hobbs A, Semyanov A, Abramov AY, Angelova PR, Gourine AV. Astrocytes produce nitric oxide via nitrite reduction in mitochondria to regulate cerebral blood flow during brain hypoxia. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113514. [PMID: 38041814 PMCID: PMC7615749 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During hypoxia, increases in cerebral blood flow maintain brain oxygen delivery. Here, we describe a mechanism of brain oxygen sensing that mediates the dilation of intraparenchymal cerebral blood vessels in response to reductions in oxygen supply. In vitro and in vivo experiments conducted in rodent models show that during hypoxia, cortical astrocytes produce the potent vasodilator nitric oxide (NO) via nitrite reduction in mitochondria. Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration mimics, but also occludes, the effect of hypoxia on NO production in astrocytes. Astrocytes display high expression of the molybdenum-cofactor-containing mitochondrial enzyme sulfite oxidase, which can catalyze nitrite reduction in hypoxia. Replacement of molybdenum with tungsten or knockdown of sulfite oxidase expression in astrocytes blocks hypoxia-induced NO production by these glial cells and reduces the cerebrovascular response to hypoxia. These data identify astrocyte mitochondria as brain oxygen sensors that regulate cerebral blood flow during hypoxia via release of nitric oxide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel N Christie
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Shefeeq M Theparambil
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Alice Braga
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Maxim Doronin
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Patrick S Hosford
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alexey Brazhe
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation; Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Mascarenhas
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Shereen Nizari
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Anna Hadjihambi
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, and Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE5 9NT, UK
| | - Jack A Wells
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Adrian Hobbs
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Alexey Semyanov
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China; Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Y Abramov
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Plamena R Angelova
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Alexander V Gourine
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Maia LB, Maiti BK, Moura I, Moura JJG. Selenium-More than Just a Fortuitous Sulfur Substitute in Redox Biology. Molecules 2023; 29:120. [PMID: 38202704 PMCID: PMC10779653 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Living organisms use selenium mainly in the form of selenocysteine in the active site of oxidoreductases. Here, selenium's unique chemistry is believed to modulate the reaction mechanism and enhance the catalytic efficiency of specific enzymes in ways not achievable with a sulfur-containing cysteine. However, despite the fact that selenium/sulfur have different physicochemical properties, several selenoproteins have fully functional cysteine-containing homologues and some organisms do not use selenocysteine at all. In this review, selected selenocysteine-containing proteins will be discussed to showcase both situations: (i) selenium as an obligatory element for the protein's physiological function, and (ii) selenium presenting no clear advantage over sulfur (functional proteins with either selenium or sulfur). Selenium's physiological roles in antioxidant defence (to maintain cellular redox status/hinder oxidative stress), hormone metabolism, DNA synthesis, and repair (maintain genetic stability) will be also highlighted, as well as selenium's role in human health. Formate dehydrogenases, hydrogenases, glutathione peroxidases, thioredoxin reductases, and iodothyronine deiodinases will be herein featured.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa B. Maia
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology | NOVA FCT, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (I.M.); (J.J.G.M.)
| | - Biplab K. Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Cluster University of Jammu, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Isabel Moura
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology | NOVA FCT, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (I.M.); (J.J.G.M.)
| | - José J. G. Moura
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology | NOVA FCT, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (I.M.); (J.J.G.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Burgmayer SJN, Kirk ML. Advancing Our Understanding of Pyranopterin-Dithiolene Contributions to Moco Enzyme Catalysis. Molecules 2023; 28:7456. [PMID: 38005178 PMCID: PMC10673323 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The pyranopterin dithiolene ligand is remarkable in terms of its geometric and electronic structure and is uniquely found in mononuclear molybdenum and tungsten enzymes. The pyranopterin dithiolene is found coordinated to the metal ion, deeply buried within the protein, and non-covalently attached to the protein via an extensive hydrogen bonding network that is enzyme-specific. However, the function of pyranopterin dithiolene in enzymatic catalysis has been difficult to determine. This focused account aims to provide an overview of what has been learned from the study of pyranopterin dithiolene model complexes of molybdenum and how these results relate to the enzyme systems. This work begins with a summary of what is known about the pyranopterin dithiolene ligand in the enzymes. We then introduce the development of inorganic small molecule complexes that model aspects of a coordinated pyranopterin dithiolene and discuss the results of detailed physical studies of the models by electronic absorption, resonance Raman, X-ray absorption and NMR spectroscopies, cyclic voltammetry, X-ray crystallography, and chemical reactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin L. Kirk
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Struwe MA, Scheidig AJ, Clement B. The mitochondrial amidoxime reducing component-from prodrug-activation mechanism to drug-metabolizing enzyme and onward to drug target. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105306. [PMID: 37778733 PMCID: PMC10637980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial amidoxime-reducing component (mARC) is one of five known molybdenum enzymes in eukaryotes. mARC belongs to the MOSC domain superfamily, a large group of so far poorly studied molybdoenzymes. mARC was initially discovered as the enzyme activating N-hydroxylated prodrugs of basic amidines but has since been shown to also reduce a variety of other N-oxygenated compounds, for example, toxic nucleobase analogs. Under certain circumstances, mARC might also be involved in reductive nitric oxide synthesis through reduction of nitrite. Recently, mARC enzymes have received a lot of attention due to their apparent involvement in lipid metabolism and, in particular, because many genome-wide association studies have shown a common variant of human mARC1 to have a protective effect against liver disease. The mechanism linking mARC enzymes with lipid metabolism remains unknown. Here, we give a comprehensive overview of what is currently known about mARC enzymes, their substrates, structure, and apparent involvement in human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel A Struwe
- Zoologisches Institut - Strukturbiologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Pharmazeutisches Institut, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Axel J Scheidig
- Zoologisches Institut - Strukturbiologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bernd Clement
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sun W, Xu Y, Liang Y, Yu Q, Gao H. A novel bacterial sulfite dehydrogenase that requires three c-type cytochromes for electron transfer. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0110823. [PMID: 37732808 PMCID: PMC10617556 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01108-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
c-type Cytochromes (c-Cyts), primarily as electron carriers and oxidoreductases, play a key role in energy transduction processes in virtually all living organisms. Many bacteria, such as Shewanella oneidensis, are particularly rich in c-Cyts, supporting respiratory versatility not seen in eukaryotes. Unfortunately, a large number of c-Cyts are underexplored, and their biological functions remain unknown. In this study, we identify SorCABD of S. oneidensis as a novel sulfite dehydrogenase (SDH), which catalyzes the oxidation of sulfite to sulfate. In addition to catalytic subunit SorA, this enzymatic complex includes three c-Cyt subunits, which all together carry out electron transfer. The electrons extracted from sulfite oxidation are ultimately delivered to oxygen, leading to oxygen reduction, a process relying on terminal oxidase cyt cbb3. Genomic analysis suggests that the homologs of this SDH are present in a small number of bacterial genera, Shewanella and Vibrio in particular. Because these bacteria are generally capable of reducing sulfite under anaerobic conditions, the co-existence of a sulfite oxidation system implies that they may play especially important roles in the transformation of sulfur species in natural environments.Importancec-type Cytochromes (c-Cyts) endow bacteria with high flexibility in their oxidative/respiratory systems, allowing them to extracellularly transform diverse inorganic and organic compounds for survival and growth. However, a large portion of the bacterial c-Cyts remain functionally unknown. Here, we identify three c-Cyts that work together as essential electron transfer partners for the catalytic subunit of a novel SDH in sulfite oxidation in Shewanella oneidensis. This characteristic makes S. oneidensis the first organism known to be capable of oxidizing and reducing sulfite. The findings suggest that Shewanella, along with a small number of other aquatic bacteria, would serve as a particular driving force in the biogeochemical sulfur cycle in nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weining Sun
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanyou Xu
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yawen Liang
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingzi Yu
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haichun Gao
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li L, Liu Z, Meng D, Liu Y, Liu T, Jiang C, Yin H. Sequence similarity network and protein structure prediction offer insights into the evolution of microbial pathways for ferrous iron oxidation. mSystems 2023; 8:e0072023. [PMID: 37768051 PMCID: PMC10654088 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00720-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Microbial Fe(II) oxidation is a crucial process that harnesses and converts the energy available in Fe, contributing significantly to global element cycling. However, there are still many aspects of this process that remain unexplored. In this study, we utilized a combination of comparative genomics, sequence similarity network analysis, and artificial intelligence-driven structure modeling methods to address the lack of structural information on Fe(II) oxidation proteins and offer a comprehensive perspective on the evolution of Fe(II) oxidation pathways. Our findings suggest that several microbial Fe(II) oxidation pathways currently known may have originated within classes Gammaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangzhi Li
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenghua Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Delong Meng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Hunan Tobacco Science Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Tianbo Liu
- Hunan Tobacco Science Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Chengying Jiang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huaqun Yin
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Magalon A. History of Maturation of Prokaryotic Molybdoenzymes-A Personal View. Molecules 2023; 28:7195. [PMID: 37894674 PMCID: PMC10609526 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In prokaryotes, the role of Mo/W enzymes in physiology and bioenergetics is widely recognized. It is worth noting that the most diverse family of Mo/W enzymes is exclusive to prokaryotes, with the probable existence of several of them from the earliest forms of life on Earth. The structural organization of these enzymes, which often include additional redox centers, is as diverse as ever, as is their cellular localization. The most notable observation is the involvement of dedicated chaperones assisting with the assembly and acquisition of the metal centers, including Mo/W-bisPGD, one of the largest organic cofactors in nature. This review seeks to provide a new understanding and a unified model of Mo/W enzyme maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Axel Magalon
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne (UMR7283), IMM, IM2B, 13402 Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kalimuthu P, Hakopian S, Niks D, Hille R, Bernhardt PV. The Reversible Electrochemical Interconversion of Formate and CO 2 by Formate Dehydrogenase from Cupriavidus necator. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:8382-8392. [PMID: 37728992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c04652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial molybdenum (Mo)-containing formate dehydrogenase (FdsDABG) from Cupriavidus necator is a soluble NAD+-dependent enzyme belonging to the DMSO reductase family. The holoenzyme is complex and possesses nine redox-active cofactors including a bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide) (bis-MGD) active site, seven iron-sulfur clusters, and 1 equiv of flavin mononucleotide (FMN). FdsDABG catalyzes the two-electron oxidation of HCOO- (formate) to CO2 and reversibly reduces CO2 to HCOO- under physiological conditions close to its thermodynamic redox potential. Here we develop an electrocatalytically active formate oxidation/CO2 reduction system by immobilizing FdsDABG on a glassy carbon electrode in the presence of coadsorbents such as chitosan and glutaraldehyde. The reversible enzymatic interconversion between HCOO- and CO2 by FdsDABG has been realized with cyclic voltammetry using a range of artificial electron transfer mediators, with methylene blue (MB) and phenazine methosulfate (PMS) being particularly effective as electron acceptors for FdsDABG in formate oxidation. Methyl viologen (MV) acts as both an electron acceptor (MV2+) in formate oxidation and an electron donor (MV+•) for CO2 reduction. The catalytic voltammetry was reproduced by electrochemical simulation across a range of sweep rates and concentrations of formate and mediators to provide new insights into the kinetics of the FdsDABG catalytic mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Palraj Kalimuthu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Sheron Hakopian
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Dimitri Niks
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Russ Hille
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Paul V Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Enemark JH. Mechanistic complexities of sulfite oxidase: An enzyme with multiple domains, subunits, and cofactors. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 247:112312. [PMID: 37441922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Sulfite oxidase (SO) deficiency, an inherited disease that causes severe neonatal neurological problems and early death, arises from defects in the biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) (general sulfite oxidase deficiency) or from inborn errors in the SUOX gene for SO (isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency, ISOD). The X-ray structure of the highly homologous homonuclear dimeric chicken sulfite oxidase (cSO) provides a template for locating ISOD mutation sites in human sulfite oxidase (hSO). Catalysis occurs within an individual subunit of hSO, but mutations that disrupt the hSO dimer are pathological. The catalytic cycle of SO involves five metal oxidation states (MoVI, MoV, MoIV, FeIII, FeII), two intramolecular electron transfer (IET) steps, and couples a two-electron oxygen atom transfer reaction at the Mo center with two one-electron transfers from the integral b-type heme to exogenous cytochrome c, the physiological oxidant. Several ISOD examples are analyzed using steady-state, stopped-flow, and laser flash photolysis kinetics and physical measurements of recombinant variants of hSO and native cSO. In the structure of cSO, Mo…Fe = 32 Å, much too long for efficient IET through the protein. Interdomain motion that brings the Mo and heme centers closer together to facilitate IET is supported indirectly by decreasing the length of the interdomain tether, by changes in the charges of surface residues of the Mo and heme domains, as well as by preliminary molecular dynamics calculations. However, direct dynamic measurements of interdomain motion are in their infancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John H Enemark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, 1306 East University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721-0041, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kaluarachchige Don UI, Palmer Z, Ward CL, Lord RL, Groysman S. Combining [Mo VIO 3] and [M 0(CO) 3] (M = Mo, Cr) Fragments within the Same Complex: Synthesis and Reactivity of the Single Oxo-Bridged Heterobimetallics Supported by Xanthene-Based Heterodinucleating Ligands. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:15063-15075. [PMID: 37677846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
A functional model of Mo-Cu carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) enzyme requires the presence of an oxidant (metal-oxo) and a metal-bound carbonyl in close proximity. In this work, we report the synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of a heterobimetallic complex combining Mo(VI) trioxo with Mo(0) tricarbonyl. The formation of the heterobimetallic complex is facilitated by the xanthene-bridged heterodinucleating ligand containing a hard catecholate chelate and a soft iminopyridine chelate. A catechol-coordinated square-pyramidal [MoVIO3] fragment interacts directly with the iminopyridine-bound [Mo0(CO)3] fragment via a single (oxo) bridge, with the overall disposition being related to the proposed first step in the CODH mechanism, where square-pyramidal [MoVIO2S] interacts with the [Cu-CO] via a single sulfido bridge. Our attempt to obtain a sulfido-bridged analogue (using [MoO3S]2- precursor) led to a mixture of products possibly containing different (oxo and sulfido) bridges. Despite a direct interaction between Mo(VI) and Mo(0) segments, no internal redox is observed, with the high lying occupied MOs being mostly d-π orbitals at Mo0(CO)3 and the low lying unoccupied MOs being d-π orbitals at MoVIO3. Due to the overall rigid structure, the heterobimetallic complex was found to be stable up to 100 °C in DMF-d7 (based on 1H NMR). The decomposition of the complex above this temperature does not produce CO2 (based on gas chromatography), dissociating stable Mo(CO)3(DMF)3 instead (based on IR). We also synthesized and studied the reactivity of the Mo(VI)/Cr(0) analogue. While this complex demonstrated more facile decomposition, no CO2 production was observed. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the formation of [CO2]2- and its subsequent reductive elimination is endergonic in the present system, likely due to the stability of fac-Mo0(CO)3 and the relative nucleophilic character of the carbonyl carbon engendered by back donation from Mo(0). The calculations also indicate that the replacement of one oxo by sulfido (both terminal and bridging), replacement of catechol with dithiolene, and replacement of Mo(0) with Cr(0) does not affect significantly the energetics of the process, likely requiring the use a less stable and less π-basic CO anchor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zsolt Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, Michigan 49401, United States
| | - Cassandra L Ward
- Lumigen Instrument Center, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Richard L Lord
- Department of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, Michigan 49401, United States
| | - Stanislav Groysman
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave. Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Polland L, Rydén H, Su Y, Paulsson M. In vivo gene expression profile of Haemophilus influenzae during human pneumonia. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0163923. [PMID: 37707456 PMCID: PMC10581191 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01639-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus influenzae is a major cause of community-acquired pneumonia. While studied extensively in various laboratory models, less is known about the cell function while inside the human lung. We present the first analysis of the global gene expression of H. influenzae while the bacteria are in the lung during pneumonia (in vivo conditions) and contrast it with bacterial isolates that have been cultured under standard laboratory conditions (in vitro conditions). Patients with pneumonia were recruited from emergency departments and intensive care units during 2018-2020 (n = 102). Lower respiratory samples were collected for bacterial culture and RNA extraction. Patient samples with H. influenzae (n = 8) and colonies from bacterial cultures (n = 6) underwent RNA sequencing. The reads were then pseudo-aligned to core and pan genomes created from 15 reference strains. While bacteria cultured in vitro clustered tightly by principal component analysis of core genome (n = 1067) gene expression, bacteria in the patient samples had more diverse transcriptomic signatures and did not group with their lab-cultured counterparts. In total, 328 core genes were significantly differentially expressed between in vitro and in vivo conditions. The most highly upregulated genes in vivo included tbpA and fbpA, which are involved in the acquisition of iron from transferrin, and the stress response gene msrAB. The biosynthesis of nucleotides/purines and molybdopterin-scavenging processes were also significantly enriched in vivo. In contrast, major metabolic pathways and iron-sequestering genes were downregulated under this condition. In conclusion, extensive transcriptomic differences were found between bacteria while in the human lung and bacteria that were cultured in vitro. IMPORTANCE The human-specific pathogen Haemophilus influenzae is generally not well suited for studying in animal models, and most laboratory models are unlikely to approximate the diverse environments encountered by bacteria in the human airways accurately. Thus, we have examined the global gene expression of H. influenzae during pneumonia. Extensive differences in the global gene expression profiles were found in H. influenzae while in the human lung compared to bacteria that were grown in the laboratory. In contrast, the gene expression profiles of isolates collected from different patients were found to cluster together when grown under the same laboratory conditions. Interesting observations were made of how H. influenzae acquires and uses iron and molybdate, endures oxidative stress, and regulates central metabolism while in the lung. Our results indicate important processes during infection and can guide future research on genes and pathways that are relevant in the pathogenesis of H. influenzae pneumonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Polland
- Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Medical Faculty, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Clinical Microbiology, Office for Medical Services, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hanna Rydén
- Clinical Microbiology, Office for Medical Services, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
- Experimental Infection Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Faculty, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yi Su
- Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Medical Faculty, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Paulsson
- Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Medical Faculty, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Clinical Microbiology, Office for Medical Services, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sapountzaki E, Rova U, Christakopoulos P, Antonopoulou I. Renewable Hydrogen Production and Storage Via Enzymatic Interconversion of CO 2 and Formate with Electrochemical Cofactor Regeneration. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202202312. [PMID: 37165995 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The urgent need to reduce CO2 emissions has motivated the development of CO2 capture and utilization technologies. An emerging application is CO2 transformation into storage chemicals for clean energy carriers. Formic acid (FA), a valuable product of CO2 reduction, is an excellent hydrogen carrier. CO2 conversion to FA, followed by H2 release from FA, are conventionally chemically catalyzed. Biocatalysts offer a highly specific and less energy-intensive alternative. CO2 conversion to formate is catalyzed by formate dehydrogenase (FDH), which usually requires a cofactor to function. Several FDHs have been incorporated in bioelectrochemical systems where formate is produced by the biocathode and the cofactor is electrochemically regenerated. H2 production from formate is also catalyzed by several microorganisms possessing either formate hydrogenlyase or hydrogen-dependent CO2 reductase complexes. Combination of these two processes can lead to a CO2 -recycling cycle for H2 production, storage, and release with potentially lower environmental impact than conventional methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Sapountzaki
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Io Antonopoulou
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187, Luleå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kobayashi A, Taketa M, Sowa K, Kano K, Higuchi Y, Ogata H. Structure and function relationship of formate dehydrogenases: an overview of recent progress. IUCRJ 2023; 10:544-554. [PMID: 37668215 PMCID: PMC10478512 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252523006437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Formate dehydrogenases (FDHs) catalyze the two-electron oxidation of formate to carbon dioxide. FDHs can be divided into several groups depending on their subunit composition and active-site metal ions. Metal-dependent (Mo- or W-containing) FDHs from prokaryotic organisms belong to the superfamily of molybdenum enzymes and are members of the dimethylsulfoxide reductase family. In this short review, recent progress in the structural analysis of FDHs together with their potential biotechnological applications are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ami Kobayashi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Midori Taketa
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Koto 3-2-1 Kamigori, Ako, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Keisei Sowa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kenji Kano
- Office of Society Academia Collaboration for Innovation, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Higuchi
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Koto 3-2-1 Kamigori, Ako, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ogata
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Koto 3-2-1 Kamigori, Ako, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Steunou AS, Babot M, Durand A, Bourbon ML, Liotenberg S, Miotello G, Armengaud J, Ouchane S. Discriminating Susceptibility of Xanthine Oxidoreductase Family to Metals. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0481422. [PMID: 37458582 PMCID: PMC10434068 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04814-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) family are metal-containing enzymes that use the molybdenum cofactor (Moco), 2Fe-2S clusters, and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) for their catalytic activity. This large molybdoenzyme family includes xanthine, aldehyde, and CO dehydrogenases. XORs are widely distributed from bacteria to humans due to their key roles in the catabolism of purines, aldehydes, drugs, and xenobiotics, as well as interconversions between CO and CO2. Assessing the effect of excess metals on the Rubrivivax gelatinosus bacterium, we found that exposure to copper (Cu) or cadmium (Cd) caused a dramatic decrease in the activity of a high-molecular-weight soluble complex exhibiting nitroblue tetrazolium reductase activity. Mass spectrometry and genetic analyses showed that the complex corresponds to a putative CO dehydrogenase (pCOD). Using mutants that accumulate either Cu+ or Cd2+ in the cytoplasm, we show that Cu+ or Cd2+ is a potent inhibitor of XORs (pCOD and the xanthine dehydrogenase [XDH]) in vivo. This is the first in vivo demonstration that Cu+ affects Moco-containing enzymes. The specific inhibitory effect of these compounds on the XOR activity is further supported in vitro by direct addition of competing metals to protein extracts. Moreover, emphasis is given on the inhibitory effect of Cu on bovine XOR, showing that the XOR family could be a common target of Cu. Given the conservation of XOR structure and function across the tree of life, we anticipate that our findings could be transferable to other XORs and organisms. IMPORTANCE The high toxicity of Cu, Cd, Pb, As, and other metals arises from their ability to cross membranes and target metalloenzymes in the cytoplasm. Identifying these targets provides insights into the toxicity mechanisms. The vulnerability of metalloenzymes arises from the accessibility of their cofactors to ions. Accordingly, many enzymes whose cofactors are solvent exposed are likely to be targets of competing metals. Here, we describe for the first time, with in vivo and in vitro experiments, a direct effect of excess Cu on the xanthine oxidoreductase family (XOR/XDH/pCOD). We show that toxic metal affects these Moco enzymes, and we suggest that access to the Moco center by Cu ions could explain the Cu inhibition of XORs in living organisms. Human XOR activity is associated with hyperuricemia, xanthinuria, gout arthritis, and other diseases. Our findings in vivo highlight XOR as a Cu target and thus support the potential use of Cu in metal-based therapeutics against these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Soisig Steunou
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marion Babot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Anne Durand
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Line Bourbon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sylviane Liotenberg
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Guylaine Miotello
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Soufian Ouchane
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Maia LB. Bringing Nitric Oxide to the Molybdenum World-A Personal Perspective. Molecules 2023; 28:5819. [PMID: 37570788 PMCID: PMC10420851 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Molybdenum-containing enzymes of the xanthine oxidase (XO) family are well known to catalyse oxygen atom transfer reactions, with the great majority of the characterised enzymes catalysing the insertion of an oxygen atom into the substrate. Although some family members are known to catalyse the "reverse" reaction, the capability to abstract an oxygen atom from the substrate molecule is not generally recognised for these enzymes. Hence, it was with surprise and scepticism that the "molybdenum community" noticed the reports on the mammalian XO capability to catalyse the oxygen atom abstraction of nitrite to form nitric oxide (NO). The lack of precedent for a molybdenum- (or tungsten) containing nitrite reductase on the nitrogen biogeochemical cycle contributed also to the scepticism. It took several kinetic, spectroscopic and mechanistic studies on enzymes of the XO family and also of sulfite oxidase and DMSO reductase families to finally have wide recognition of the molybdoenzymes' ability to form NO from nitrite. Herein, integrated in a collection of "personal views" edited by Professor Ralf Mendel, is an overview of my personal journey on the XO and aldehyde oxidase-catalysed nitrite reduction to NO. The main research findings and the path followed to establish XO and AO as competent nitrite reductases are reviewed. The evidence suggesting that these enzymes are probable players of the mammalian NO metabolism is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa B Maia
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology (FCT NOVA), 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nemykin VN, Sabin JR, Kail BW, Upadhyay A, Hendrich MP, Basu P. Influence of the ligand-field on EPR parameters of cis- and trans-isomers in Mo V systems relevant to molybdenum enzymes: Experimental and density functional theory study. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 245:112228. [PMID: 37149488 PMCID: PMC10330323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) investigation of mononuclear cis- and trans-(L1O)MoOCl2 complexes [L1OH = bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)-3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methane] reveals a significant difference in their spin Hamiltonian parameters which reflect different equatorial and axial ligand fields created by the heteroscorpionate donor atoms. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to calculate the values of principal components and relative orientations of the g and A tensors, and the molecular framework in four pairs of isomeric mononuclear oxo‑molybdenum(V) complexes (cis- and trans-(L1O)MoOCl2, cis,cis- and cis,trans-(L-N2S2)MoOCl [L-N2S2H2 = N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-bis(mercaptophenyl)ethylenediamine], cis,cis- and cis,trans-(L-N2S2)MoO(SCN), and cis- and trans-[(dt)2MoO(OMe)]2- [dtH2 = 2,3-dimercapto-2-butene]). Scalar relativistic DFT calculations were conducted using three different exchange-correlation functionals. It was found that the use of hybrid exchange-correlation functional with 25% of the Hartree-Fock exchange leads to the best quantitative agreement between theory and experiment. A simplified ligand-field approach was used to analyze the influence of the ligand fields in all cis- and trans-isomers on energies and contributions of molybdenum d-orbital manifold to g and A tensors and relative orientations. Specifically, contributions that originated from the spin-orbit coupling of the dxz, dyz, and dx2-y2 orbitals into the ground state have been discussed. The new findings are discussed in the context of the experimental data of mononuclear molybdoenzyme, DMSO reductase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor N Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee - Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA.
| | - Jared R Sabin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Brian W Kail
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA
| | - Anup Upadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Michael P Hendrich
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Partha Basu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Leimkühler S. Metal-Containing Formate Dehydrogenases, a Personal View. Molecules 2023; 28:5338. [PMID: 37513211 PMCID: PMC10385643 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mo/W-containing formate dehydrogenases (FDH) catalyzes the reversible oxidation of formate to carbon dioxide at their molybdenum or tungsten active sites. The metal-containing FDHs are members of the dimethylsulfoxide reductase family of mononuclear molybdenum cofactor (Moco)- or tungsten cofactor (Wco)-containing enzymes. In these enzymes, the active site in the oxidized state comprises a Mo or W atom present in the bis-Moco, which is coordinated by the two dithiolene groups from the two MGD moieties, a protein-derived SeCys or Cys, and a sixth ligand that is now accepted as being a sulfido group. SeCys-containing enzymes have a generally higher turnover number than Cys-containing enzymes. The analogous chemical properties of W and Mo, the similar active sites of W- and Mo-containing enzymes, and the fact that W can replace Mo in some enzymes have led to the conclusion that Mo- and W-containing FDHs have the same reaction mechanism. Details of the catalytic mechanism of metal-containing formate dehydrogenases are still not completely understood and have been discussed here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silke Leimkühler
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang X, Cui Z, Luo Y, Huang Y, Yang X. In vitro xanthine oxidase inhibitory and in vivo anti-hyperuricemic properties of sodium kaempferol-3'-sulfonate. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 177:113854. [PMID: 37230458 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (XO), a key enzyme in purine catabolism, catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid in the body, but overproduction of uric acid may lead to hyperuricemia. This study aims to investigate in vitro XO inhibitory and in vivo anti-hyperuricemic properties of sodium kaempferol-3'-sulfonate (KS). The kinetic analysis indicates that KS is a reversible competitive inhibitor and has significant inhibitory effects on XO activity with an IC50 value of 0.338 μM. Fluorescence spectra suggested that KS could cause fluorescence quenching and conformational changes of XO due to the formation of a KS-XO complex. Molecular docking studies demonstrated that KS interacted with several amino acid residues of XO by the π-π stacking, hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic interactions. The inhibitory mechanism of KS on XO activity might be the insertion of KS into the active site of XO to prevent the entrance of the substrate xanthine and induce conformational changes of XO. The results carried out in hyperuricemic mice showed that KS reduced serum XO activity, serum uric acid (UA), creatinine (CRE), and urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, as well as alleviating renal histopathological injury. These findings suggest that KS may be a new potent XO inhibitor against hyperuricemia-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Wang
- Rongchang Campus, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Zhenzhen Cui
- Rongchang Campus, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Rongchang Campus, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Pharmacy College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xinbin Yang
- Rongchang Campus, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Cruz MA, Gonzalez Y, Vélez Toro JA, Karimzadeh M, Rubbo A, Morris L, Medam R, Splawn T, Archer M, Fernandes RJ, Dennis JE, Kean TJ. Micronutrient optimization for tissue engineered articular cartilage production of type II collagen. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1179332. [PMID: 37346792 PMCID: PMC10280293 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1179332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue Engineering of cartilage has been hampered by the inability of engineered tissue to express native levels of type II collagen in vitro. Inadequate levels of type II collagen are, in part, due to a failure to recapitulate the physiological environment in culture. In this study, we engineered primary rabbit chondrocytes to express a secreted reporter, Gaussia Luciferase, driven by the type II collagen promoter, and applied a Design of Experiments approach to assess chondrogenic differentiation in micronutrient-supplemented medium. Using a Response Surface Model, 240 combinations of micronutrients absent in standard chondrogenic differentiation medium, were screened and assessed for type II collagen promoter-driven Gaussia luciferase expression. While the target of this study was to establish a combination of all micronutrients, alpha-linolenic acid, copper, cobalt, chromium, manganese, molybdenum, vitamins A, E, D and B7 were all found to have a significant effect on type II collagen promoter activity. Five conditions containing all micronutrients predicted to produce the greatest luciferase expression were selected for further study. Validation of these conditions in 3D aggregates identified an optimal condition for type II collagen promoter activity. Engineered cartilage grown in this condition, showed a 170% increase in type II collagen expression (Day 22 Luminescence) and in Young's tensile modulus compared to engineered cartilage in basal media alone.Collagen cross-linking analysis confirmed formation of type II-type II collagen and type II-type IX collagen cross-linked heteropolymeric fibrils, characteristic of mature native cartilage. Combining a Design of Experiments approach and secreted reporter cells in 3D aggregate culture enabled a high-throughput platform that can be used to identify more optimal physiological culture parameters for chondrogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Cruz
- Biionix Cluster, Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Yamilet Gonzalez
- Biionix Cluster, Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Javier A. Vélez Toro
- Biionix Cluster, Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Makan Karimzadeh
- Biionix Cluster, Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Anthony Rubbo
- Biionix Cluster, Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Lauren Morris
- Biionix Cluster, Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Ramapaada Medam
- Biionix Cluster, Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Taylor Splawn
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Marilyn Archer
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Russell J. Fernandes
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Thomas J. Kean
- Biionix Cluster, Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, United States
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Moura JJG. The History of Desulfovibrio gigas Aldehyde Oxidoreductase-A Personal View. Molecules 2023; 28:4229. [PMID: 37241969 PMCID: PMC10223205 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A story going back almost 40 years is presented in this manuscript. This is a different and more challenging way of reporting my research and I hope it will be useful to and target a wide-ranging audience. When preparing the manuscript and collecting references on the subject of this paper-aldehyde oxidoreductase from Desulfovibrio gigas-I felt like I was travelling back in time (and space), bringing together the people that have contributed most to this area of research. I sincerely hope that I can give my collaborators the credit they deserve. This study is not presented as a chronologic narrative but as a grouping of topics, the development of which occurred over many years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José J G Moura
- LAQV, NOVA School of Science and Technology|FCT NOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Galisteo C, de la Haba RR, Sánchez-Porro C, Ventosa A. A step into the rare biosphere: genomic features of the new genus Terrihalobacillus and the new species Aquibacillus salsiterrae from hypersaline soils. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1192059. [PMID: 37228371 PMCID: PMC10203224 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1192059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypersaline soils are a source of prokaryotic diversity that has been overlooked until very recently. The phylum Bacillota, which includes the genus Aquibacillus, is one of the 26 phyla that inhabit the heavy metal contaminated soils of the Odiel Saltmarshers Natural Area (Southwest Spain), according to previous research. In this study, we isolated a total of 32 strains closely related to the genus Aquibacillus by the traditional dilution-plating technique. Phylogenetic studies clustered them into two groups, and comparative genomic analyses revealed that one of them represents a new species within the genus Aquibacillus, whereas the other cluster constitutes a novel genus of the family Bacillaceae. We propose the designations Aquibacillus salsiterrae sp. nov. and Terrihalobacillus insolitus gen. nov., sp. nov., respectively, for these two new taxa. Genome mining analysis revealed dissimilitude in the metabolic traits of the isolates and their closest related genera, remarkably the distinctive presence of the well-conserved pathway for the biosynthesis of molybdenum cofactor in the species of the genera Aquibacillus and Terrihalobacillus, along with genes that encode molybdoenzymes and molybdate transporters, scarcely found in metagenomic dataset from this area. In-silico studies of the osmoregulatory strategy revealed a salt-out mechanism in the new species, which harbor the genes for biosynthesis and transport of the compatible solutes ectoine and glycine betaine. Comparative genomics showed genes related to heavy metal resistance, which seem required due to the contamination in the sampling area. The low values in the genome recruitment analysis indicate that the new species of the two genera, Terrihalobacillus and Aquibacillus, belong to the rare biosphere of representative hypersaline environments.
Collapse
|
43
|
Maghsoud Y, Dong C, Cisneros GA. Computational Characterization of the Inhibition Mechanism of Xanthine Oxidoreductase by Topiroxostat. ACS Catal 2023; 13:6023-6043. [PMID: 37547543 PMCID: PMC10399974 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c01245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (XO) is a member of the molybdopterin-containing enzyme family. It interconverts xanthine to uric acid as the last step of purine catabolism in the human body. The high uric acid concentration in the blood directly leads to human diseases like gout and hyperuricemia. Therefore, drugs that inhibit the biosynthesis of uric acid by human XO have been clinically used for many years to decrease the concentration of uric acid in the blood. In this study, the inhibition mechanism of XO and a new promising drug, topiroxostat (code: FYX-051), is investigated by employing molecular dynamics (MD) and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations. This drug has been reported to act as both a noncovalent and covalent inhibitor and undergoes a stepwise inhibition by all its hydroxylated metabolites, which include 2-hydroxy-FYX-051, dihydroxy-FYX-051, and trihydroxy-FYX-051. However, the detailed mechanism of inhibition of each metabolite remains elusive and can be useful for designing more effective drugs with similar inhibition functions. Hence, herein we present the computational investigation of the structural and dynamical effects of FYX-051 and the calculated reaction mechanism for all of the oxidation steps catalyzed by the molybdopterin center in the active site. Calculated results for the proposed reaction mechanisms for each metabolite's inhibition reaction in the enzyme's active site, binding affinities, and the noncovalent interactions with the surrounding amino acid residues are consistent with previously reported experimental findings. Analysis of the noncovalent interactions via energy decomposition analysis (EDA) and noncovalent interaction (NCI) techniques suggests that residues L648, K771, E802, R839, L873, R880, R912, F914, F1009, L1014, and A1079 can be used as key interacting residues for further hybrid-type inhibitor development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yazdan Maghsoud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Chao Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, The University of Texas Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas 79762, United States
| | - G Andrés Cisneros
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States; Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yang J, Struwe M, Scheidig A, Mengell J, Clement B, Kirk ML. Active Site Structures of the Escherichia coli N-Hydroxylaminopurine Resistance Molybdoenzyme YcbX. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:5315-5319. [PMID: 36971376 PMCID: PMC10544827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data have been used to characterize the coordination environment for the catalytic Mo site of Escherichia coli YcbX in two different oxidation states. In the oxidized state, the Mo(VI) ion is coordinated by two terminal oxo ligands, a thiolate S atom from cysteine, and two S donors from the bidentate pyranopterin ene-1,2-dithiolate (pyranopterin dithiolene). Upon reduction, it is the more basic equatorial oxo ligand that is protonated, with a Mo-Oeq bond distance that is best described as either a short Mo4+-OH2 bond or a long Mo4+-OH bond. Mechanistic implications for substrate reduction are discussed in light of these structural details.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, MSC03 2060, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001
| | - Michel Struwe
- Zoologisches Institut – Strukturbiologie, Zentrum für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Axel Scheidig
- Zoologisches Institut – Strukturbiologie, Zentrum für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Joshua Mengell
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, MSC03 2060, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001
| | - Bernd Clement
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin L. Kirk
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, MSC03 2060, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Nanodrugs alleviate acute kidney injury: Manipulate RONS at kidney. Bioact Mater 2023; 22:141-167. [PMID: 36203963 PMCID: PMC9526023 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are no clinical drugs available to treat acute kidney injury (AKI). Given the high prevalence and high mortality rate of AKI, the development of drugs to effectively treat AKI is a huge unmet medical need and a research hotspot. Although existing evidence fully demonstrates that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) burst at the AKI site is a major contributor to AKI progression, the heterogeneity, complexity, and unique physiological structure of the kidney make most antioxidant and anti-inflammatory small molecule drugs ineffective because of the lack of kidney targeting and side effects. Recently, nanodrugs with intrinsic kidney targeting through the control of size, shape, and surface properties have opened exciting prospects for the treatment of AKI. Many antioxidant nanodrugs have emerged to address the limitations of current AKI treatments. In this review, we systematically summarized for the first time about the emerging nanodrugs that exploit the pathological and physiological features of the kidney to overcome the limitations of traditional small-molecule drugs to achieve high AKI efficacy. First, we analyzed the pathological structural characteristics of AKI and the main pathological mechanism of AKI: hypoxia, harmful substance accumulation-induced RONS burst at the renal site despite the multifactorial initiation and heterogeneity of AKI. Subsequently, we introduced the strategies used to improve renal targeting and reviewed advances of nanodrugs for AKI: nano-RONS-sacrificial agents, antioxidant nanozymes, and nanocarriers for antioxidants and anti-inflammatory drugs. These nanodrugs have demonstrated excellent therapeutic effects, such as greatly reducing oxidative stress damage, restoring renal function, and low side effects. Finally, we discussed the challenges and future directions for translating nanodrugs into clinical AKI treatment. AKI is a common clinical acute syndrome with high morbidity and mortality but without effective clinical drug available. Hypoxia and accumulation of toxic substances are key pathological features of various heterogeneous AKI. Excessive RONS is the core of the pathological mechanism of AKI. The development of nanodrugs is expected to achieve successful treatment in AKI.
Collapse
|
46
|
Ćorović MZ, Belaj F, Mösch-Zanetti NC. Dioxygen Activation by a Bioinspired Tungsten(IV) Complex. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:5669-5676. [PMID: 36989414 PMCID: PMC10091480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of discovered tungstoenzymes raises interest in the biomimetic chemistry of tungsten complexes in oxidation states +IV, +V, and +VI. Bioinspired (sulfur-rich) tungsten(VI) dioxido complexes are relatively prevalent in literature. Still, their energetically demanding reduction directly correlates with a small number of known tungsten(IV) oxido complexes, whose chemistry is not well explored. In this paper, a reduction of the [WO2(6-MePyS)2] (6-MePyS = 6-methylpyridine-2-thiolate) complex with PMe3 to a phosphine-stabilized tungsten(IV) oxido complex [WO(6-MePyS)2(PMe3)2] is described. This tungsten(IV) complex partially releases one PMe3 ligand in solution, creating a vacant coordination site capable of activating dioxygen to form [WO2(6-MePyS)2] and OPMe3. Therefore, [WO2(6-MePyS)2] can be used as a catalyst for the aerobic oxidation of PMe3, rendering this complex a rare example of a tungsten system utilizing dioxygen in homogeneous catalysis. Additionally, the investigation of the reactivity of the tungsten(IV) oxido complex with acetylene, substrate of a tungstoenzyme acetylene hydratase (AH), revealed the formation of the tungsten(IV) acetylene adduct. Although this adduct was previously reported as an oxidation product of the tungsten(II) acetylene carbonyl complex, here it is obtained via substitution at the sulfur-rich tungsten(IV) center, mimicking the initial step of the first shell mechanism for AH as suggested by computational studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miljan Z Ćorović
- Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ferdinand Belaj
- Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wells M, Kim M, Akob DM, Basu P, Stolz JF. Impact of the Dimethyl Sulfoxide Reductase Superfamily on the Evolution of Biogeochemical Cycles. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0414522. [PMID: 36951557 PMCID: PMC10100899 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04145-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The dimethyl sulfoxide reductase (or MopB) family is a diverse assemblage of enzymes found throughout Bacteria and Archaea. Many of these enzymes are believed to have been present in the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) of all cellular lineages. However, gaps in knowledge remain about how MopB enzymes evolved and how this diversification of functions impacted global biogeochemical cycles through geologic time. In this study, we perform maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses on manually curated comparative genomic and metagenomic data sets containing over 47,000 distinct MopB homologs. We demonstrate that these enzymes constitute a catalytically and mechanistically diverse superfamily defined not by the molybdopterin- or tungstopterin-containing [molybdopterin or tungstopterin bis(pyranopterin guanine dinucleotide) (Mo/W-bisPGD)] cofactor but rather by the structural fold that binds it in the protein. Our results suggest that major metabolic innovations were the result of the loss of the metal cofactor or the gain or loss of protein domains. Phylogenetic analyses also demonstrated that formate oxidation and CO2 reduction were the ancestral functions of the superfamily, traits that have been vertically inherited from the LUCA. Nearly all of the other families, which drive all other biogeochemical cycles mediated by this superfamily, originated in the bacterial domain. Thus, organisms from Bacteria have been the key drivers of catalytic and biogeochemical innovations within the superfamily. The relative ordination of MopB families and their associated catalytic activities emphasize fundamental mechanisms of evolution in this superfamily. Furthermore, it underscores the importance of prokaryotic adaptability in response to the transition from an anoxic to an oxidized atmosphere. IMPORTANCE The MopB superfamily constitutes a repertoire of metalloenzymes that are central to enduring mysteries in microbiology, from the origin of life and how microorganisms and biogeochemical cycles have coevolved over deep time to how anaerobic life adapted to increasing concentrations of O2 during the transition from an anoxic to an oxic world. Our work emphasizes that phylogenetic analyses can reveal how domain gain or loss events, the acquisition of novel partner subunits, and the loss of metal cofactors can stimulate novel radiations of enzymes that dramatically increase the catalytic versatility of superfamilies. We also contend that the superfamily concept in protein evolution can uncover surprising kinships between enzymes that have remarkably different catalytic and physiological functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wells
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Minjae Kim
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Denise M. Akob
- United States Geological Survey, Geology, Energy, and Minerals Science Center, Reston, Virginia, USA
| | - Partha Basu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - John F. Stolz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhao J, Guo F, Hou L, Zhao Y, Sun P. Electron transfer-based antioxidant nanozymes: Emerging therapeutics for inflammatory diseases. J Control Release 2023; 355:273-291. [PMID: 36731800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases are usually featured with relatively high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The excess ROS facilitate the polarization of microphages into proinflammatory M1 phenotype, and cause DNA damage, protein carbonylation, and lipid peroxidation, resulting in further deterioration of inflammatory diseases. Therefore, alleviating oxidative stress by ROS scavenging has been an effective strategy for reversing inflammation. Inspired by the natural antioxidant enzymes, electron transfer-based artificial antioxidant nanozymes have been emerging therapeutics for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The present review starts with the basic knowledge of ROS and diseases, followed by summarizing the possible active centers for the preparation of antioxidant nanozymes. The strategies for the design of antioxidant nanozymes on the purpose of higher catalytic activity are provided, and the applications of the developed antioxidant nanozymes on the therapy of inflammatory diseases are discussed. A perspective is included for the design and applications of artificial antioxidant nanozymes in biomedicine as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Fanfan Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Lin Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Yongxing Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Pengchao Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hille R. Xanthine Oxidase-A Personal History. Molecules 2023; 28:1921. [PMID: 36838909 PMCID: PMC9966888 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A personal perspective is provided regarding the work in several laboratories, including the author's, that has established the reaction mechanism of xanthine oxidase and related enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Russ Hille
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Cao LY, Wang JL, Wang K, Wu JB, Wang DK, Peng JM, Bai J, Zhuo CX. Catalytic Asymmetric Deoxygenative Cyclopropanation Reactions by a Chiral Salen-Mo Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2765-2772. [PMID: 36626166 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic asymmetric cyclopropanation reaction of alkenes with diazo compounds is a direct and powerful method to construct chiral cyclopropanes that are essential to drug discovery. However, diazo compounds are potentially explosive and often require hazardous reagents for their preparation. Here, we report on the use of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds as safe and readily available surrogates for diazo compounds in the direct catalytic asymmetric deoxygenative cyclopropanation reaction. Enabled by a class of simple and readily accessible chiral salen-Mo catalysts, the reaction proceeded with generally good enantioselectivities and yields toward a wide range of substrates (80 examples). Preliminary mechanistic studies suggested that the proposed μ-oxo bridged dinuclear Mo(III)-species was the catalytically active species. This strategy not only provides a promising route for the synthesis of chiral cyclopropanes but also opens a new window for the potential applications of chiral salen-Mo complexes in asymmetric catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ya Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Le Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jiang-Bin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - De-Ku Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Min Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Xiang Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|