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Maqbool T, Chen H, Wang Q, McKenna AM, Jiang D. Transformation of sedimentary dissolved organic matter in electrokinetic remediation catalogued by FT-ICR mass spectrometry. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 262:122094. [PMID: 39083902 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
In electrokinetic remediation (EKR), the sedimentary dissolved organic matter (DOM) could impede remediation by scavenging reactive species and generating unintended byproducts. Yet its transformation and mechanisms remained largely unknown. This study conducted molecular-level characterization of the water-extractable DOM (WEOM) in EKR using negative-ion electrospray ionization coupled to 21 tesla Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (21 T FT-ICR MS). The results suggested that ∼55 % of the ∼7,000 WEOM compounds identified were reactive, and EKR lowered their diversity, molecular weight distribution, and double-bond equivalent (DBE) through a combination of electrochemical and microbial redox reactions. Heteroatom-containing WEOM (CHON and CHOS) were abundant (∼ 35% of the total WEOM), with CHOS generally being more reactive than CHON. Low electric potential (1 V/cm) promoted the growth of dealkylation and desulfurization bacteria, and led to anodic CO2 mineralization, anodic cleavage of -SO and -SO3, and cathodic cleavage of -SH2; high electric potential (2 V/cm) only enriched desulfurization bacteria, and differently, led to anodic oxygenation and cathodic hydrogenation of unsaturated and phenolic compounds, in addition to cathodic cleavage of -SH2. The long-term impact of these changes on soil quality and nitrogen-sulfur-carbon flux may be need to studied to identify unknown risks and new applications of EKR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Maqbool
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Huan Chen
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL, 32310-4005, USA
| | - Qingshi Wang
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Amy M McKenna
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL, 32310-4005, USA; Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Daqian Jiang
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA.
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Zhang Z, Cui X, Qu X, Fu H, Tao S, Zhu D. Revealing Molecular Structures of Nitrogen-Containing Compounds in Dissolved Black Carbon Using Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Combined with Thermodynamic Calculations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:11998-12007. [PMID: 38935345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c01829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Landscape wildfires generate a substantial amount of dissolved black carbon (DBC) annually, yet the molecular nitrogen (N) structures in DBC are poorly understood. Here, we systematically compared the chemodiversity of N-containing molecules among three different DBC samples from rice straw biochar pyrolyzed at 300, 400, and 500 °C, one leached dissolved organic carbon (LDOC) sample from composted rice straw, and one fire-affected soil dissolved organic matter (SDOMFire) sample using Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). N-Containing molecules contributed 20.0%, 36.1%, and 43.7% of total compounds in Combined DBC (pooling together the three DBC), LDOC, and SDOMFire, respectively, and molecules with fewer N atoms had higher proportions (i.e., N1 > N2 > N3). The N-containing molecules in Combined DBC were dominated by polycyclic aromatic (62.2%) and aromatic (14.4%) components, while those in LDOC were dominated by lignin-like (50.4%) and aromatic (30.1%) components. The composition and structures of N-containing molecules in SDOMFire were more similar to those in DBC than in LDOC. As the temperature rose, the proportion of the nitrogenous polycyclic aromatic component in DBC significantly increased with concurrent enhanced oxidation and unsaturation of N. As indicated by density functional theory (DFT)-based thermodynamic calculations, the proportion of aliphatic amide N decreased from 23.2% to 7.9%, whereas that of nitroaromatic N increased from 10.0% to 39.5% as the temperature increased from 300 to 500 °C; alternatively, the proportion of aromatic N in the 5/6 membered ring remained relatively stable (∼31%) and that of aromatic amide N peaked at 400 °C (32.7%). Our work first provides a comprehensive and thorough description of molecular N structures of DBC, which helps to better understand and predict their fate and biogeochemical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Earth Surface Processes, School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiurui Cui
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Earth Surface Processes, School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaolei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Heyun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Earth Surface Processes, School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dongqiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Earth Surface Processes, School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Bastami KD, Manbohi A, Mehdinia A, Hamzehpour A, Haghparast S, Taheri M. Distribution of hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen and phosphorous species in inshore and offshore sediments of the south Caspian Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 202:116330. [PMID: 38636340 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to geochemically investigate the sediments of the south Caspian Sea at different depths in summer and winter 2020. Sampling was conducted in 5 transects along the south coastline of the Caspian Sea and sediment grain size, hydrogen sulfide, Oxidation-reduction potential (Eh), total nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate, ammonium, total phosphorus, organic and inorganic phosphorous were measured. Eh values showed significant differences between seasons and between different transects (p < 0.05). Hydrogen sulfide ranged from 1.87 to 307.00 ppm. No significant difference was observed in hydrogen sulfide between seasons and among depths (p > 0.05). Total, inorganic and organic phosphorus contents were 782.96-1335.79 ppm, 639.66-1183.60 ppm, and 42.58-205.46 ppm, respectively. Total nitrogen revealed significant differences among transects (p < 0.05). Based on sediment quality guidelines, most sampling sites had alerting conditions for organic matter, and phosphorous contamination was detected at all stations. Anoxic condition was seen at most sites according to sedimentary Eh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazem Darvish Bastami
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science (INIOAS), No. 3, Etemadzadeh St., Fatemi Ave., 1411813389 Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Manbohi
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science (INIOAS), No. 3, Etemadzadeh St., Fatemi Ave., 1411813389 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Mehdinia
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science (INIOAS), No. 3, Etemadzadeh St., Fatemi Ave., 1411813389 Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hamzehpour
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science (INIOAS), No. 3, Etemadzadeh St., Fatemi Ave., 1411813389 Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarah Haghparast
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Km 9 Darya Boulevard, P.O. Box, 578 Sari, Iran
| | - Mehrshad Taheri
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science (INIOAS), No. 3, Etemadzadeh St., Fatemi Ave., 1411813389 Tehran, Iran
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Qiu Y, Felix JD, Murgulet D, Wetz M, Abdulla H. Isotopic compositions of organic and inorganic nitrogen reveal processing and source dynamics at septic influenced and undeveloped estuary sites. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 925:171749. [PMID: 38494009 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Historically, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) has not been characterized in the nitrogen profiles of most estuaries despite its significant contribution to total nitrogen and projected increase in loading. The characterization of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and DON processing from groundwater to surface water also remains unconstrained. This study attempts to fill in these knowledge gaps by quantifying the DON pool and potential sources in a semiarid, low inflow estuary (Baffin Bay, Texas) using stable isotope techniques. High NO3- and DON concentrations, and high δ15N-NH4+ (+55.0 ± 56.7 ‰), δ15N-NO3- (+23.9 ± 8.6 ‰) and δ15N-DON (+22.3 ± 6.5 ‰) were observed in groundwaters of a septic-influenced estuarine area, indicating coupled septic contamination and nitrification/denitrification. In contrast, groundwater of an undeveloped area provided evidence of inundation by bay water through high NH4+ concentrations and δ15N-NH4+ (+8.4 ± 3.0 ‰) resembling estuary porewater. NH4+ was the dominant nitrogen species in porewater of both areas and δ15N-NH4+ indicated production via organic nitrogen mineralization and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium. Surface water had similar nitrogen profiles (DON constituted ∼98 % of dissolved nitrogen pool) and potential source contributions, despite distinct nitrogen processing and profiles found in each water table. This was attributed to low nitrogen removal rates and prolonged mixing associated with long residence time. This study emphasizes the importance of DON in a low-inflow estuary and the isotopic approach to comprehensively examine both inorganic and organic N processing and sources serving as a guide to investigate N cycling in high DON estuaries globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixi Qiu
- Center for Water Supply Studies, Department of Physical and Environmental Science, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA; Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - J David Felix
- Center for Water Supply Studies, Department of Physical and Environmental Science, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
| | - Dorina Murgulet
- Center for Water Supply Studies, Department of Physical and Environmental Science, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
| | - Michael Wetz
- Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
| | - Hussain Abdulla
- Center for Water Supply Studies, Department of Physical and Environmental Science, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
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Lin C, Xin Z, Yuan S, Sun J, Dong B, Xu Z. Effects of production temperature on the molecular composition and seed-germination-promoting properties of sludge-based hydrochar-derived dissolved organic matter. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 251:121133. [PMID: 38237463 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Sludge hydrothermal carbonization demonstrates potential for converting sludge into multifunctional carbon materials for soil remediation. However, the influence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) with unclear molecular characteristics in sludge-based hydrothermal carbon on plant growth has not been sufficiently investigated. Herein, the effects of hydrothermal temperature on the molecular transformation pathways and plant-growth-promoting properties of DOM were investigated via FT-ICR MS-based molecular network analyses and seed germination experiments. Results indicated that the highest DOM yield was achieved at 220 °C. During low-temperature (180 °C) hydrothermal treatment, the hydrolysis of biopolymers, as well as the partial condensation and cyclization of small-molecule intermediates, occurred in the sludge. This process produced unsaturated CHNO compounds containing one or two N atoms, which promoted seed germination. Further, the toxicity of DOM to plants increased with rising hydrothermal temperature. This was accompanied by S doping and aromatization reactions, which mitigated the effects of plant growth hormones. This study provides theoretical support for the optimization of sludge hydrothermal treatment and production of plant growth hormones, enhancing the ecological value of sludge-based hydrochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjin Lin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhenhua Xin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shijie Yuan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bin Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; YANGTZE Eco-Environment Engineering Research Center, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing 100038, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China.
| | - Zuxin Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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Xiong Y, Du Y, Liu Z, Deng Y, Ma T, Li Q, Wang Y. Characteristics of dissolved organic matter contribute to Geogenic ammonium enrichment in coastal versus alluvial-lacustrine aquifers. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 250:121025. [PMID: 38113593 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Elevated concentration levels of geogenic ammonium in groundwater arise from the mineralization of nitrogen-containing natural organic matter in various geological settings worldwide, especially in alluvial-lacustrine and coastal environments. However, the difference in enrichment mechanisms of geogenic ammonium between these two types of aquifers remains poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated two representative aquifer systems in central Yangtze (Dongting Lake Plain, DTP) and southern China (Pearl River Delta, PRD) with contrasting geogenic ammonium contents. The use of optical and molecular characterization of DOM combined with hydrochemistry and stable carbon isotopes has revealed differences in DOM between the two types of aquifer systems and revealed contrasting controls of DOM on ammonium enrichment. The results indicated higher humification and degradation of DOM in DTP groundwater, characterized by abundant highly unsaturated compounds. The degradation of DOM and nitrogen-containing DOM was dominated by highly unsaturated compounds and CHO+N molecular formulas in highly unsaturated compounds, respectively. In contrast, the DOM in PRD groundwater was more biogenic, less degraded, and contained more aliphatic compounds in addition to highly unsaturated compounds. The degradation of DOM and nitrogen-containing DOM was dominated by aliphatic compounds and polyphenols and CHO+N molecular formulas in highly unsaturated compounds and polyphenols, respectively. As DOM degraded, the ammonium production efficiency of DOM decreased, contributing to lower ammonium concentrations in DTP groundwater. In addition, the CHO+N(SP) molecular formulas were mainly of microbial-derived and gradually accumulated with DOM degradation. In this study, we conducted the first comprehensive investigation into the patterns of groundwater ammonium enrichment based on DOM differences in various geological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaojin Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Yao Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China.
| | - Zhaohui Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Yamin Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Teng Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Qinghua Li
- Wuhan Center of China Geological Survey, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Yanxin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
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Xie Y, Su J, Shao K, Hu T, Ming H, Shi T, Wang W, Fan J. Long-term response of the microbial community to the degradation of DOC released from Undaria pinnatifida. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 194:106313. [PMID: 38211474 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
With the aim to study the mechanism underlying the macroalgal carbon sequestration driven by microbes, we investigated the microbial community using metagenomics methods and its long-term degradation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) derived from Undaria pinnatifida. It was observed that after removing U. pinnatifida, the concentration of the DOC decreased significantly (p < 0.05) within 4 days. Over a period of 120 days of degradation, the concentration of remaining DOC (26%) remained stable. The succession of microbial community corresponded to the three stages of DOC concentration variation. Moreover, the structure of microbes community and its metabolic function exhibited evident patterns of succession. The concentration of DOC was correlated negatively with the abundances of Planctomycetaceae (p < 0.01), and was correlated positively with the abundances of Roseobacteraceae and Rhodobacteraceae (p < 0.01). In addition, the metabolic pathways related to "Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis", "Alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism", "Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)" and "Tryptophan metabolism" was significantly correlated with the variations in DOC concentration (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that the variation in the DOC concentration was closely linked to the succession of Planctomycetaceae, Roseobacteraceae, Rhodobacteraceae, and the degradation of DOC derived from U. pinnatifida appeared to be influenced by metabolic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Xie
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jie Su
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Kuishuang Shao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Tian Hu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China; College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongxia Ming
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Tingting Shi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China; College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingfeng Fan
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China.
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Yan Z, Xin Y, Zhong X, Yi Y, Li P, Wang Y, Zhou Y, He Y, He C, Shi Q, Xu W, He D. Evolution of dissolved organic nitrogen chemistry during transportation to the marginal sea: Insights from nitrogen isotope and molecular composition analyses. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 249:120942. [PMID: 38043348 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Estuaries are hotspots where terrestrially originated dissolved organic matter (DOM) is modified in molecular composition before entering marine environments. However, very few research has considered nitrogen (N) modifications of DOM molecules in estuaries, limiting our understanding of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) cycling and the associated carbon cycling in estuaries. This study integrated optical, stable isotopes (δ15N and δ13C) and molecular composition (FT-ICR MS) to characterize the transformation of DOM in the Yangtze River Estuary. Both concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and DON decreased with increasing salinity, while their δ13C and δ15N increased with the increasing salinity. A significant positive correlation was found between δ15N and δ13C during the transportation of DOM to marginal seas, indicating that the behavior of both DOC and DON are primarily controlled by the mixing of freshwater and the seawater in the YRE. During the mixing process, the DON addition was observed using the conservative mixing curves. In the view of molecular composition, DOM molecules became more aromatic as the number of N atoms increased. Spearman correlations reveal that DOM molecules with fewer N atoms exhibited a higher enrichment in protein-like components, while those with more N atoms were more enriched in humic-like components. In addition, the δ15N and δ13C tended to increase as the N content of DOM decreased. Therefore, DON molecules with fewer N atoms were likely to be transformed into those with more N atoms based on the isotopic fractionation theory. This study establishes a linkage between the molecular composition and the δ15N of DOM, and discovers the N transformation pattern within DOM molecules during the transportation to marginal seas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Yan
- Department of Ocean Science and Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Xin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaosong Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Research Center for Marine Ecology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuanbi Yi
- Department of Ocean Science and Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Penghui Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yuntao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Zhou
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuhe He
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ding He
- Department of Ocean Science and Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Lin C, Tang Y, Sun J, Dong B, Zuxin X. Tracking of the conversion and transformation pathways of dissolved organic matter in sludge hydrothermal liquids during Cr(VI) reduction using FT-ICR MS. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133566. [PMID: 38246056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the remediation effects of two types of sludge (ferric-based flocculant and non-ferric-based flocculant) on Cr(VI)-polluted wastewater were evaluated to clarify the key components in sludge hydrothermal solutions responsible for reducing Cr(VI) and understand the underlying molecular-level transformation mechanisms. The results revealed that the primary reactions during the hydrothermal processes were deamination and decarboxylation reactions. Correlation analysis highlighted proteins, reducing sugars, amino groups, and phenolic hydroxyl groups as the major contributors. In-depth analysis of the transformation process of functional groups within dissolved organic matter (DOM) and synergistic redox process between Cr(VI) and DOM in hydrothermal solutions demonstrated that phenolic hydroxyl and amino groups gradually underwent oxidation during reduction of Cr(VI) by DOM, forming aldehyde and carboxyl groups, among the others. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations revealed notable shift of reducing functional groups from ground state to excited state following iron complexation, ultimately facilitating reduction reaction. Subsequent investigations, including soil column leaching and seed germination rate tests, indicated that synergistic redox interaction between Cr(VI) and DOM significantly reduced waterborne heavy metal and toxic organic pollution. These findings carry substantial implications for sludge treatment and remediation of heavy metal pollution in wastewater, offering valuable insights into effective environmental remediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjin Lin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanfei Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bin Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; YANGTZE Eco-Environment Engineering Research Center, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing 100038, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China.
| | - Xu Zuxin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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10
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Li P, Liang W, Zhou Y, Yi Y, He C, Shi Q, He D. Hypoxia diversifies molecular composition of dissolved organic matter and enhances preservation of terrestrial organic carbon in the Yangtze River Estuary. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167661. [PMID: 37813254 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an essential component of the global carbon cycle, and estuaries link the rivers and the oceans, thus playing important roles in land-ocean DOM transformation and transport. However, the effects of hypoxia on DOM transport and fate in estuaries and coastal oceans remains poorly understood. To address this gap, we characterized the molecular composition of DOM in bottom water (BW) and sediment porewater (PW) at hypoxic and non-hypoxic sites in the Yangtze River Estuary (YRE) using ultra-high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Our results showed significant differences in DOM molecular composition between hypoxic and non-hypoxic areas for both BW and PW. Specifically, DOM in hypoxic sites was more recalcitrant than that in non-hypoxic areas for both BW and PW, with lower H/C, and higher O/C, double bond equivalent, and modified aromaticity index. The presence of higher polyphenols, and black carbon in hypoxic areas suggested that hypoxic conditions could facilitate the preservation of terrestrial organic matter. Furthermore, we identified a much higher number of hypoxia-unique formulas than ocean-non-hypoxia-unique formulas, indicating that hypoxia could diversify the DOM pool. Within hypoxia-unique formulas for PW, both biologically labile (unsaturated aliphatic compounds and peptides) and recalcitrant formulas (carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules) were found, suggesting that hypoxia could facilitate the preservation of labile formulas and the production of recalcitrant formulas. In addition, we formulated that the sulfurization is more important in PW than BW in hypoxic areas based on the higher dissolved organic sulfur (DOS) abundance and larger number of hypoxia-only formulas in hypoxic PW, and also the precursor analysis results. Overall, our study provides insights into the effect of hypoxia on the molecular characteristics and preservation of DOM in estuaries and coastal oceans, highlighting the importance of considering hypoxia in understanding the biogeochemical processes of these ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Wenzhao Liang
- Department of Ocean Science, Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuping Zhou
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuanbi Yi
- Department of Ocean Science, Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Changping District, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Changping District, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Ding He
- Department of Ocean Science, Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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11
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Zhao C, Zhang H, Li P, Yi Y, Zhou Y, Wang Y, He C, Shi Q, He D. Dissolved organic matter cycling revealed from the molecular level in three coastal bays of China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166843. [PMID: 37678524 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
As the widespread distributed and critical zones connecting the land and ocean systems, coastal bays are special units with semi-enclosed landforms to accommodate and process dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the context of increasing anthropogenic effects globally. However, compared to other common systems that have been paid much attention to (e.g., large river estuaries, wetlands), the roles of the coastal bays in coastal carbon cycling are less explored. To fill this knowledge gap, here we combined optical techniques and ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry to systematically investigate the DOM chemistry of the three typical coastal bays in different nutrient levels, Xiangshan Bay, Jiaozhou Bay, and Sishili Bay, in China. Results show that terrestrial signals and anthropogenic imprints were observed in these three bays to various extents. Besides, Xiangshan Bay with a higher nutrient level had the DOM characterized by lower humification and aromaticity degree than Jiaozhou Bay and Sishili Bay, which not likely mainly resulted from the differences in the primary production or photochemical processing. Further examination reveals that microbial processing likely contributes to the differences in DOM chemistry among the three bays, as indicated by different proportions of potentially transformed nitrogen-containing molecules and relative abundances of the island of stability molecules. Considering the nutrient levels in different bays, we speculate that the lower nutrient concentrations would promote the efficiency of the microbial carbon pump (MCP), which hypothesized that heterotrophic microorganisms might contribute to the formation of marine recalcitrant organic carbon. Additionally, the enrichment of oxygen-rich compounds in the unique carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecule pool of Jiaozhou Bay and Sishili Bay suggests that the efficient MCP might preferentially form them in these two bays. This study emphasizes the importance of coordinating the land and ocean systems and controlling the nutrient discharge to coastal bays, thus, to potentially promote long-term marine carbon sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- Department of Ocean Science and Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China; School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Centre, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Penghui Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Yuanbi Yi
- Department of Ocean Science and Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuping Zhou
- School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266525, China
| | - Yuntao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Changping District, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Changping District, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Ding He
- Department of Ocean Science and Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China; School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China.
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12
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Yan Z, Xin Y, Zhong X, Yi Y, Li P, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Zhou Y, He C, Shi Q, He D. Dissolved organic nitrogen cycling revealed at the molecular level in the Bohai and Yellow Sea. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 244:120446. [PMID: 37572459 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Marginal seas play a crucial role in the cycling of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) between the terrestrial and marine environments. However, very few studies have considered the molecular transformation of DON in marginal seas, leaving the DON molecular modifications in its cycling largely unknown. Therefore, this study examined DON cycling in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea, two semi-closed marginal seas in northern China, using stable isotopes (δ15N and δ13C), optical characteristics, and molecular compositions. Compared to the Yellow Sea, the Bohai Sea had a weaker exchange with the open ocean, resulting in higher concentrations, lower δ15N, and more recalcitrant properties in DON. The DON cycling showed significant differences inside and outside the Yellow Sea Cold Water (YSCW). Degradation was the major sink of DON in the YSCW, during which more highly unsaturated compounds and carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules were produced. Nitrogen atoms were found to be removed from the molecules with more N atoms to those with fewer ones during the DON degradation. This study discovered the molecular modifications in DON cycling and highlighted the intrinsic mechanisms in the cycling of DON in marginal seas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Yan
- Department of Ocean Science and Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Xin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaosong Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Research Center for Marine Ecology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuanbi Yi
- Department of Ocean Science and Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Penghui Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yuntao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Zhou
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Youping Zhou
- Isotopomics in Chemical & Biological Oceanography (ICBO), Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China
| | - Ding He
- Department of Ocean Science and Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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13
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Chen X, Cai R, Zhuo X, Chen Q, He C, Sun J, Zhang Y, Zheng Q, Shi Q, Jiao N. Niche differentiation of microbial community shapes vertical distribution of recalcitrant dissolved organic matter in deep-sea sediments. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108080. [PMID: 37429058 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Sedimentary organic matter provides carbon substrates and energy sources for microorganisms, which drive benthic biogeochemical processes and in turn modify the quantity and quality of dissolved organic matter (DOM). However, the molecular composition and distribution of DOM and its interactions with microbes in deep-sea sediments remain poorly understood. Here, molecular composition of DOM and its relationship with microbes were analyzed in samples collected from two sediment cores (∼40 cm below the sea floor), at depths of 1157 and 2253 m from the South China Sea. Results show that niche differentiation was observed on a fine scale in different sediment layers, with Proteobacteria and Nitrososphaeria dominating the shallow sediments (0-6 cm) and Chloroflexi and Bathyarchaeia prevailing in deeper sediments (6-40 cm), indicating correspondence of microbial community composition with both geographical isolation and the availability of organic matter. An intimate link between the DOM composition and microbial community further indicates that, microbial mineralization of fresh organic matter in the shallow layer potentially resulted in the accumulation of recalcitrant DOM (RDOM), while relatively low abundance of RDOM was linked to anaerobic microbial utilization in deeper sediment layers. In addition, higher RDOM abundance in the overlying water, as compared to that in the surface sediment, suggests that sediment might be a source of deep-sea RDOM. These results emphasize the close relation between the distribution of sediment DOM and different microbial community, laying a foundation for understanding the complex dynamics of RDOM in deep-sea sediment and water column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Chen
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ruanhong Cai
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Xiaocun Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Research Centre for Geomicrobial Resources and Application, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Quanrui Chen
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Research Centre for Geomicrobial Resources and Application, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Jia Sun
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Research Centre for Geomicrobial Resources and Application, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; Carbon Neutral Innovation Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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14
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Cai S, Zhang Y, Hu A, Liu M, Wu H, Wang D, Zhang W. Dissolved organic matter transformation mechanisms and process optimization of wastewater sludge hydrothermal humification treatment for producing plant biostimulants. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 235:119910. [PMID: 37001233 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the composition, transformation and bioactivity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) at the molecular level is crucial for investigating the hydrothermal humification process of wastewater sludge and producing ecological fertilizers. In this study, DOM transformation pathways under alkali-thermal humification treatment (AHT) were characterized by Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) in conjunction with molecular reaction network analysis. The effects of DOM on plant growth were examined using hydroponics and transcriptomic analysis. In the wastewater sludge humification process, AHT produced maximum amounts of protein (3260.56 mg/L) and humic acid (5788.24 mg/L) after 12 h. FT-ICR MS results indicated that protein-like structures were prone to continuous oxidation and were ultimately transformed into aromatic N-containing compounds resembling humic substances. Several reactive fragments (such as -C2H2O2, -C3H4O2, and -C4H6O2) formed by the Maillard reaction (MR) were identified as potential precursors to humic acid (HA). In terms of biological effects, DOM12h showed the highest rice germination and growth activity, whereas that produced by AHT for a longer period (> 12 h) displayed phytotoxicity owing to the accumulation of toxic substances. Plant biostimulants (such as amino acids and HAs) in DOM improved energy metabolism and carbohydrate storage in rice seedlings by upregulating the "starch and sucrose metabolism" pathways. Toxic substances (such as pyrrole, pyridine, and melanoidin) in DOM can activate cell walls formation to inhibit abiotic stimuli in rice seedlings through the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid pathway. These findings provide a theoretical basis for optimizing sludge hydrothermal humification and recovering high-quality liquid fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Cai
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Aibin Hu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Ming Liu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Hanjun Wu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of environmental engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; National Engineering Laboratory of High Concentration Refractory Organic Wastewater Treatment Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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15
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Bao Y, Huang T, Ning C, Sun T, Tao P, Wang J, Sun Q. Changes of DOM and its correlation with internal nutrient release during cyanobacterial growth and decline in Lake Chaohu, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 124:769-781. [PMID: 36182182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The seasonal changes in dissolved organic matter (DOM), and its correlation with the release of internal nutrients during the annual cycle of cyanobacteria in the eutrophic Lake Chaohu, China, were investigated from four sampling periods between November 2020 and July 2021. The DOM fluorescence components were identified as protein-like C1, microbial humic-like C2, and terrestrial humic-like C3. The highest total fluorescence intensity (FT) of DOM in sediments during the incubation stage is due to the decomposition and degradation of cyanobacteria remains. The lowest humification of DOM and the highest proportion of C1 in waters during the initial cyanobacterial growth indicate that fresh algae are the main source. The highest molecular weight of DOM and FT of the C2 in sediments during cyanobacterial outbreaks indicate the concurrent deposition of undegraded cyanobacterial remains and microbial degradation. The components of DOM are affected mainly by the dissolved total phosphorus in waters, while the temperature drives the annual cycle of cyanobacteria. The decreasing C1 in sediments and increasing nutrients in waters from the cyanobacterial incubation to outbreak indicate that mineralization of algal organic matter contributes importantly to the release of internal nutrients, with the strongest release of phosphorus observed during the early growth of cyanobacteria. The humic-like C2 and C3 components could also affect the dynamics of internal phosphorus through the formation of organic colloids and organic-inorganic ligands. The results show that the degradation of DOM leads to nutrients release and thus supports the continuous growth of cyanobacteria in eutrophic Lake Chaohu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Bao
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Tao Huang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Chengwu Ning
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Pengliang Tao
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Qingye Sun
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
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16
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Li H, Feng X, Xiong T, He C, Wu W, Shi Q, Jiao N, Zhang Y. Green Tides Significantly Alter the Molecular Composition and Properties of Coastal DOC and Perform Dissolved Carbon Sequestration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:770-779. [PMID: 36511764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite green tides (or macroalgal blooms) having multiple negative effects, it is thought that they have a positive effect on carbon sequestration, although this aspect is rarely studied. Here, during the world's largest green tide (caused by Ulva prolifera) in the Yellow Sea, the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) increased by 20-37% in intensive macroalgal areas, and thousands of new molecular formulas rich in CHNO and CHOS were introduced. The DOC molecular species derived from U. prolifera constituted ∼18% of the total DOC molecular species in the seawater of bloom area, indicating the profound effect that green tides have on shaping coastal DOC. In addition, 46% of the macroalgae-derived DOC was labile DOC (LDOC), which had only a short residence time due to rapid microbial utilization. The remaining 54% was recalcitrant DOC (RDOC) rich in humic-like substances, polycyclic aromatics, and highly aromatic compounds that resisted microbial degradation and therefore have the potential to play a role in long-term carbon sequestration. Notably, source analysis showed that in addition to the microbial carbon pump, macroalgae are also an important source of RDOC. The number of RDOC molecular species contributed by macroalgae even exceed (77 vs 23%) that contributed by microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiuting Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianqi Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Wangchi Wu
- Qingdao Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361100, China
| | - Yongyu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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17
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Zhang M, Qin H, Ma Y, Qi Y, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Li B. Carbon sequestration from refractory dissolved organic carbon produced by biodegradation of Saccharina japonica. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 183:105803. [PMID: 36384054 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Using macroalgae cultures to sequester carbon has been proposed in recent years. Yet the key mechanism of carbon sequestration-how carbon in degrading biomass is converted into refractory dissolved organic carbon (RDOC) remains poorly understood. The process of producting RDOC via biomass degradation of Saccharina japonica, the most productive algae in China, was thus studied in the laboratory. Most of the carbon in the kelp biomass was converted to dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) by bacterial respiration. Only 7.8% of the carbon in the kelp biomass was converted into labile DOC, semi-labile or semi-refractory DOC, and refractory DOC in turn. The enrichment of DIC resulted in hypoxic conditions in the water. For the hypoxia in the experiment, the sulfur-degrading bacteria Campylobacteria and Bacteroidia became the dominant bacterial classes, which were the key drivers for the transformation of labile DOC to semi-labile or semi-refractory DOC. Then, semi-labile or semi-refractory DOC was converted to RDOC, driven by the sulfite-reducing bacteria Clostridia and Kapabacteria. Finally, 0.3% of the carbon content in kelp was transformed into RDOC. The resulting RDOC, which was rich in sulfur and nitrogen elements, increased the molecular diversity and average molecular weight in the water. An important finding was that the production of RDOC may be accompanied by the environmental risk of hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Zhang
- Marine Carbon Sink Research Center, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, 264006, China
| | - Huawei Qin
- Marine Carbon Sink Research Center, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, 264006, China
| | - Yuanqing Ma
- Marine Carbon Sink Research Center, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, 264006, China
| | - Yanmin Qi
- Marine Carbon Sink Research Center, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, 264006, China
| | - Yuting Zhao
- Marine Carbon Sink Research Center, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, 264006, China
| | - Zhidong Wang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Bin Li
- Marine Carbon Sink Research Center, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, 264006, China.
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18
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Cai S, Liu M, Zhang Y, Hu A, Zhang W, Wang D. Molecular transformation of dissolved organic matter and formation pathway of humic substances in dredged sludge under aerobic composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 364:128141. [PMID: 36257519 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Using Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and molecular reaction network analysis, this study investigated molecular transformation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and formation pathway of humic substances (HS) in dredged sludge during aerobic composting. The results showed that macromolecular N-containing compounds in dredged sludge are abundantly transformed into unsaturated and aromatic oxygenated compounds, exhibiting physicochemical properties similar to those of humus. Especially, N-containing compounds with one nitrogen atom are susceptible to oxidative deamination. Furthermore, assemblages of reactive fragments (e.g., -C7H8O2, -C10H12O2, -C2H2O2, and -C4H6O2) were identified as potential precursors to HS formed by the following reactions: starting with protein deamination and desulfurization, lignin delignification cascaded, finally decarbonylation occurred. This work provides novel insight for optimizing the process of stabilization and humification of dredged sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Cai
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Ming Liu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; Beijing Machinery & Electricity Institute Co., Ltd, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Aibin Hu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China.
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
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19
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Hu A, Li L, Huang Y, Fu QL, Wang D, Zhang W. Photochemical transformation mechanisms of dissolved organic matters (DOM) derived from different bio-stabilization sludge. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 169:107534. [PMID: 36152361 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bio-stabilization sludge contains numerous dissolved organic matter (DOM) that could enter aquatic environments by soil leaching after sludge land use, but a clear understanding of their photochemical behavior is still lacking. In this study, we systematically investigated the photoactivity and photochemical transformation of aerobic composting sludge-derived DOM (DOMACS) and anaerobic digestion sludge-derived DOM (DOMADS) by using multispectral analysis coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). The results indicated that DOMACS and DOMADS have a higher proportion of highly unsaturated and phenolic compounds (HuPh)with high DBEwa, but the different polyphenols (Polyph) abundance of them, causing the different photoactivity between them. DOMACS had much higher apparent quantum yields (AQY) for triplet states of dissolved natural organic matter (3DOM*) and hydroxyl radical (•OH) but slightly lower AQY for singlet oxygen (1O2) than DOMADS under simulated sunlight conditions. As the irradiation time increased, HuPh and Polyph (associated with humic-like substances) contained in DOMACS (DOMADS) decreased by 12.0% (14.1%) and 3.0% (0.2%), respectively, with concurrent decrease in average molecular weight and aromaticity moieties, resulting in more generation of aliphatic compounds. Furthermore, based on 27 types of photochemical transformation reactions, DOMACS containing higher fractions of O10-15 and N1-3Oy class preferred dealkyl group and carboxylic acid reactions, whereas DOMADS composed of more N4Oy and S2Oy fragments preferred oxygen addition and anmine reactions. Consequently, photochemical transformations reduced the Cd (II) ion activity in the presence of DOMACS (DOMADS). This study is believed to unveil the photochemical transformation of bio-stabilization sludge-derived DOM and its impact on pollutants' fate in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aibin Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China
| | - Liqing Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Yao Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Qing-Long Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China.
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20
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Osterholz H, Turner S, Alakangas LJ, Tullborg EL, Dittmar T, Kalinowski BE, Dopson M. Terrigenous dissolved organic matter persists in the energy-limited deep groundwaters of the Fennoscandian Shield. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4837. [PMID: 35977924 PMCID: PMC9385861 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32457-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The deep terrestrial biosphere encompasses the life below the photosynthesis-fueled surface that perseveres in typically nutrient and energy depleted anoxic groundwaters. The composition and cycling of this vast dissolved organic matter (DOM) reservoir relevant to the global carbon cycle remains to be deciphered. Here we show that recent Baltic Sea-influenced to ancient pre-Holocene saline Fennoscandian Shield deep bedrock fracture waters carried DOM with a strong terrigenous signature and varying contributions from abiotic and biotic processes. Removal of easily degraded carbon at the surface-to-groundwater transition and corresponding microbial community assembly processes likely resulted in the highly similar DOM signatures across the notably different water types that selected for a core microbiome. In combination with the aliphatic character, depleted δ13C signatures in DOM indicated recent microbial production in the oldest, saline groundwater. Our study revealed the persistence of terrestrially-sourced carbon in severely energy limited deep continental groundwaters supporting deep microbial life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Osterholz
- Marine Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Turner
- Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.,Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linda J Alakangas
- Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.,Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company, Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory, Oskarshamn, Sweden
| | | | - Thorsten Dittmar
- Marine Geochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Birgitta E Kalinowski
- Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company, Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory, Oskarshamn, Sweden
| | - Mark Dopson
- Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
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21
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Xu G, Su X, Yuan Z, Ji L, Li N, Liang H. Nitrogen behavior during artificial groundwater recharge through ponds: A case study in Xiong'an New Area. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:2545-2561. [PMID: 34313908 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Xiong'an New Area (XA) was established as a development hub in China. Excessive exploitation of groundwater has caused a series of environmental and geological problems, restricting further development of XA. The widely distributed ponds in this area have been targeted as convenient and efficient sites of artificial groundwater recharge. However, nitrogen accumulation in the shallow vadose zone associated with agricultural activities may pose environmental risks to groundwater during the recharge and infiltration process. Therefore, this study investigated the effects, transfer, and transformation of nitrogen during artificial groundwater recharge. The aeration zone is thick and the medium comprises fine particles, with total nitrogen and nitrate accumulation mainly in the shallow aeration zone. In indoor experiments, the nitrate removal rate reached 83.5% when organic carbon in the source water was increased by 10 mg/L. For Baigou diversion river water(BW) with slightly higher (14.46 mg/L) and lower (5.04 mg/L) nitrate contents, the nitrate content decreased by 26.0% (10.70 mg/L) and 26.8% (3.69 mg/L), respectively, after 150 days. When the water head was increased by 20 cm to increase the recharge rate, the time required for nitrate and ammonium to reach the maximum and equilibrium concentration was reduced by 50%. These findings indicate that nitrogen concentration in the source water, aeration zone media, and groundwater should be considered in pond replenishment. It is also necessary to control the concentration of organic carbon and the rate of recharge, which would provide guidance for other similar projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guigui Xu
- College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China
- Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiaosi Su
- Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China.
| | - Zhijiang Yuan
- College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China
- Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Liang Ji
- Northeast Electric Power Design Institute Co., Ltd. Of China Power Engineering Consulting Group, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Ningfei Li
- College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China
- Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Haiting Liang
- College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China
- Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
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22
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Chen X, Liu J, Chen J, Wang J, Xiao X, He C, Shi Q, Li G, Jiao N. Oxygen availability driven trends in DOM molecular composition and reactivity in a seasonally stratified fjord. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 220:118690. [PMID: 35661504 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ocean deoxygenation could potentially trigger substantial changes in the composition and reactivity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) pool, which plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. To evaluate links between DOM dynamics and oxygen availability, we investigated the DOM composition under varying levels of oxygen in a seasonally hypoxic fjord through a monthly time-series over two years. We used ultrahigh-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) to characterize DOM on a molecular level. We find a clear trend both in diversity and molecular composition of the DOM along the oxygen gradient. As oxygen decreased, the chemodiversity was significantly increased, along with accumulation of relatively high-molecular-weight, reduced and unsaturated compounds enriched with carboxyl-group structures, which were also thermodynamically less favorable to biodegradation. Our results suggested that oxygen depletion selectively protected otherwise bioavailable compounds from decomposition and may promote the accumulation of a larger recalcitrant DOM pool in the global ocean, which could provide negative feedback to the ocean carbon sequestration and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China; Joint Laboratory for Ocean Research and Education at Dalhousie University, Shandong University and Xiamen University, Halifax, Canada, Qingdao, China and Xiamen, China
| | - Jihua Liu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China; Joint Laboratory for Ocean Research and Education at Dalhousie University, Shandong University and Xiamen University, Halifax, Canada, Qingdao, China and Xiamen, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangzhou, China.
| | - Junfeng Chen
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China; Joint Laboratory for Ocean Research and Education at Dalhousie University, Shandong University and Xiamen University, Halifax, Canada, Qingdao, China and Xiamen, China
| | - Jianning Wang
- Joint Laboratory for Ocean Research and Education at Dalhousie University, Shandong University and Xiamen University, Halifax, Canada, Qingdao, China and Xiamen, China; State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xilin Xiao
- Joint Laboratory for Ocean Research and Education at Dalhousie University, Shandong University and Xiamen University, Halifax, Canada, Qingdao, China and Xiamen, China; State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- Joint Laboratory for Ocean Research and Education at Dalhousie University, Shandong University and Xiamen University, Halifax, Canada, Qingdao, China and Xiamen, China; State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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23
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Pathogenicity and Metabolites of Purpureocillium lavendulum YMF1.00683 against Meloidogyne incognita. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11070795. [PMID: 35890039 PMCID: PMC9320282 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11070795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpureocillium lavendulum is a biological control agent with several registered products that can parasitize the eggs and larvae of various pathogenic nematodes. In this study, the pathogenicity and secondary metabolites of the fungus P. lavendulum YMF1.00683 were investigated. The strain YMF1.00683 had infection efficiency against the plant root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. The strain’s process of infecting nematodes was observed under a microscope. Moreover, seven metabolites, including a new sterol (1), were isolated and identified from cultures of YMF1.0068 in Sabouraud’s dextrose agar. A bioassay showed that 5-methoxymethyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde (7) is toxic to M. incognita and affects the egg hatching. It caused 98.23% mortality in M. incognita and could inhibit 80.78% of the hatching eggs at 400 μg/mL over a period of 96 h. Furthermore, 5-methoxymethyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde (7) showed a strong avoidance effect at 40 ppm, and its chemotactic index value was −0.37. The results indicate that P. lavendulum could produce active metabolites against M. incognita.
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24
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Li H, Zhang Z, Xiong T, Tang K, He C, Shi Q, Jiao N, Zhang Y. Carbon Sequestration in the Form of Recalcitrant Dissolved Organic Carbon in a Seaweed (Kelp) Farming Environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:9112-9122. [PMID: 35686906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Under climate change scenarios, the contribution of macroalgae to carbon sequestration has attracted wide attention. As primary producers, macroalgae can release substantial amounts of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in seawater. However, little is known about the molecular composition and chemical properties of DOC derived from macroalgae and which of them are recalcitrant DOC (RDOC) that can be sequestered for a long time in the ocean. In the most intensive seaweed (kelp) farming area (Sanggou Bay) in China, we found that kelp mariculture not only significantly increased DOC concentration, but also introduced a variety of new DOC molecular species, many of which were sulfur-containing molecules. A long-term DOC degradation experiment revealed that those DOC with strong resistance to microbial degradation, i.e., RDOC, account for approximately 58% of the DOC extracted from kelp mariculture area. About 85% (3587 out of 4224 with different chemical features) of the RDOC molecular species were steadily present throughout the long-term degradation process. 15% (637 out of 4224 with different chemical features) of the RDOC molecular species were likely newly generated by microorganisms after metabolizing macroalgae-derived labile DOC. All these stable RDOC should be included in the blue carbon budgets of seaweed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Zenghu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Tianqi Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Kunxian Tang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361100, China
| | - Yongyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
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25
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Zhou Y, Zhao C, He C, Li P, Wang Y, Pang Y, Shi Q, He D. Characterization of dissolved organic matter processing between surface sediment porewater and overlying bottom water in the Yangtze River Estuary. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 215:118260. [PMID: 35294911 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) exchange in the sediment-water interface of estuaries is essential for the global elemental cycle. To clarify the interface DOM processing, this study applies optical techniques and ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry to assess DOM composition of surface sediment porewater and bottom (overlying) water across the Yangtze River Estuary (YRE). Results suggested that DOM exchange in the sediment-water interface mainly followed from sediment porewater to bottom water driven by a significant dissolved organic carbon concentration gradient and hydrodynamic force. We also characterized two porewater DOM sources, including microbial production and byproducts of processed sediments. High microbial activities resulted in the enrichment of protein-like fluorescent components and N-bearing compounds in porewater, potentially decreasing the oxygen concentration of bottom water due to the high lability. And the deamination of N-bearing compounds in the sediment-water interface could likely serve as a N-bearing nutrient source to bottom water. Moreover, due to sediment-specific features in different areas driven by hydrologic sorting and local phytoplankton supply, porewater DOM of muddy areas accumulated more aromatic substances from the degradation of terrestrial organic matter. The release and oxic transformation of oxygen-deficient aromatic compounds could contribute to the refractory carbon pool of estuarine water (carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules, CRAM), modulating the quality of organic carbon mobilized from the land to the coastal ocean. Considering strong hydrodynamic force in numerous estuaries worldwide, DOM exchange and processing at the sediment-water interface has a meaningful influence on the biogeochemistry of estuarine water columns, which warrants further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Zhou
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266525, China; Organic Geochemistry Unit, Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Changping District, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Penghui Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Yuntao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yu Pang
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Changping District, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Ding He
- Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China; Organic Geochemistry Unit, Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China.
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26
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Yan Z, Yang N, Liang Z, Yan M, Zhong X, Zhang Y, Xu W, Xin Y. Active dissolved organic nitrogen cycling hidden in large river and environmental implications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148882. [PMID: 34252777 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Large rivers are important terrestrial dissolved organic matter (DOM) sources to marginal seas, and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) plays an essential role in DOM cycling. The Yellow River ranks as the fifth largest river (in length) in the world and is well-known for its high dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentration and relatively low DON concentration, leading to extreme measuring uncertainties in DON and nitrogen isotopic composition (δ15N), consequently leaving its DON cycling as an unresolved puzzle. To fill such a knowledge gap, we analyzed 17 samples from the middle to downstream with a combination of spectroscopy, tangential flow filtration, nitrogen isotope, and DNA sequencing. DON<1kDa dominated the DON pool and significantly correlated inversely with DIN, indicating the DON<1kDa mineralized into nitrate. This finding was further supported by the observed Rayleigh fractionation in δ15NDON<1kDa and the spatial distribution pattern of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria/archaea abundance. The redundancy analysis revealed that the geographical features and the microbial community were closely related, which joined together to drive the DON cycling. In addition, we propose a rational method to quantify the flux of mineralized DON in large rivers. This study discovered the active DON cycling hidden in high DIN large river and highlighted the importance of DON mineralization as well as its role in marginal seas carbon cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Na Yang
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Liang
- Department of Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Maojun Yan
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaosong Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Xin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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27
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Du Y, Deng Y, Liu Z, Huang Y, Zhao X, Li Q, Ma T, Wang Y. Novel Insights into Dissolved Organic Matter Processing Pathways in a Coastal Confined Aquifer System with the Highest Known Concentration of Geogenic Ammonium. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:14676-14688. [PMID: 34677945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High levels of geogenic ammonium in groundwater is a highly neglected nitrogen pool in coastal aquatic systems. Although organic matter (OM) mineralization is known to significantly influence geogenic ammonium enrichment, the detailed mechanism underlying ammonium enrichment based on dissolved organic matter (DOM) characterization in coastal aquifer systems remains unclear. In this study, we characterized the optical and molecular signatures of DOM coupled with hydrogeochemistry and multiple isotopes (H/O/C/N) to elucidate in detail the mechanisms underlying the anomalously high ammonium in the coastal confined aquifer system of the Pearl River Delta, which exhibits the highest reported geogenic ammonium concentration in groundwater on the Earth. We identified three DOM fluorescent components, a marine humic-like component (C1) and two other humic-like components (C2 and C3). The autochthonous OM was first processed to the C1 component, which was further transformed to C2 and C3 components. In terms of molecular classes, the processing pathway from bacterial- or algal-derived OM to aliphatic compounds and highly unsaturated-low O compounds was identified, and highly unsaturated-low O compounds were accumulated as the main products. Compounds containing two or three N atoms were processed, and compounds with one N atom gradually accumulated, which was further degraded into CHO compounds. The ammonium (up to 179 mg/L as N) was gradually enriched due to the decomposition of CHO+3N to CHO+2N, CHO+1N, and CHO compounds. Owing to the longer residence time and less frequent fresh water flushing, the produced ammonium was retained in the aquifer as a "long-term result". The contrasting DOM characteristics, together with the differing depositional and hydrogeological conditions, give rise to the higher levels of geogenic ammonium in coastal confined aquifer systems compared with inland alluvial-lacustrine confined aquifer systems. To our knowledge, this is the first study to characterize DOM and its relationship with geogenic ammonium in coastal aquifer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Du
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Yamin Deng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Zhaohui Liu
- Geological Survey Institute, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yanwen Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Xinwen Zhao
- Wuhan Center of China Geological Survey, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Qinghua Li
- Wuhan Center of China Geological Survey, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Teng Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Yanxin Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
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28
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Liu X, Hou Y, Yu Z, Wang Y, Zhou S, Jiang B, Liao Y. Comparison of molecular transformation of dissolved organic matter in vermicomposting and thermophilic composting by ESI-FT-ICR-MS. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:43480-43492. [PMID: 32462625 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09353-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vermicomposting (VC) and thermophilic composting (TC) on the molecular transformation of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Here, the DOM after VC and TC (DOMv and DOMt, respectively) was characterized using electrospray ionization coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FT-ICR-MS). The results indicated that VC could improve the preservation of nitrogen and the humification of DOM compared with TC. Concurrently, VC facilitated the formation of highly oxidized molecules (O/C = 0.4-0.9) by enhancing the oxidation. The aromatized molecules in each component were more easily generated during VC, especially N-containing aromatized molecules (39.4-58.0%), thereby improving the quality of compost products. Furthermore, this study found that VC could reduce the anaerobic microsites in pile, thus increasing nominal oxidation state of carbon (NOSC) of organic matter and promoting the decomposition of high-energy substrates (mainly lipids, NOSC = - 1.7~- 1.3). These findings provided new molecular insights that VC can significantly improve the oxidation of organic matter and the preservation of nitrogen. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Yi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
| | - Yueqiang Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Shungui Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yuhong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Lu Q, He D, Pang Y, Zhang Y, He C, Wang Y, Zhang H, Shi Q, Sun Y. Processing of dissolved organic matter from surface waters to sediment pore waters in a temperate coastal wetland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 742:140491. [PMID: 32623166 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coastal wetlands are active transitional ecotones between land and ocean, and are considered as hot spots of organic matter processing within the global carbon cycle, which dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a critical role. In this study, combined use of ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and complementary optical techniques was conducted to assess the detailed molecular composition of DOM in the temperate Liaohe coastal wetland (LCW), NE China in respect to the differences in DOM composition from surface water to sediment pore water. Significant positive correlations between salinity and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were observed in both surface waters and pore waters. Pore water DOM is generally characterized by lower protein-like fluorescence and biological index, but higher humification and humic-like fluorescent components than those in surface water DOM. Corresponding to the optical properties, FT-ICR MS measurements show that pore water DOM has higher proportions of heteroatoms, aromaticity index, O/C ratios, unsaturated aliphatics, and peptides, but lower average H/C ratios compared to surface water DOM across locations with different marsh plant species (rice (Oryza sativa), reed (Phragmites australis), Seablite (Suaeda Salsa)) and salinity (0.5 to 51.5 psu). The results suggest that selective preservation for polyphenols, lignin degradation intermediates (highly unsaturated compounds), and microbial resynthesis of heteroatomic compounds are involved in the processing of DOM from surface water to pore water, leading to the formation of higher molecular weight and sulfur-containing molecules. The abundant CHOS compounds could be related to the early diagenetic sulfurization of DOM in sediments. Our unique data set should provide new clues for a comprehensive understanding of the molecular dynamics of DOM in coastal wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Lu
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ding He
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China.
| | - Yu Pang
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yanzhen Zhang
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Changping District, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yuntao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yongge Sun
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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Chen J, Li H, Zhang Z, He C, Shi Q, Jiao N, Zhang Y. DOC dynamics and bacterial community succession during long-term degradation of Ulva prolifera and their implications for the legacy effect of green tides on refractory DOC pool in seawater. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 185:116268. [PMID: 32784034 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Under climate warming and coastal eutrophication, outbreaks of green tides have increased in recent decades; e.g., the world's largest green tide caused by Ulva prolifera has occurred in the Yellow Sea for 13 consecutive years. The massive assemblage of macroalgae absorbs large amounts of atmospheric CO2 and converts it into biomass. After the green tide, millions of tons of the macroalgal biomass sink to the seabed to be degraded eventually; this inevitably has a significant impact on the coastal organic carbon pool and microbial community. However, this impact is poorly understood. Here, the degradation of Ulva prolifera over 520 days revealed that relatively sufficient degradation of the macroalgae occurred at ca. 7 months. The rapid release of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) mainly occurred in the first week, which not only increased the size and diversity of the DOC pool in a short time but also promoted the rapid growth of bacteria and led to hypoxia and acidification of the seawater. After that, the labile portion of DOC was gradually used up by bacteria within one month, while the degradation of semi-labile or semi-refractory DOC occurred in half a year. The remaining DOC existed in the form of refractory DOC (RDOC), resisting bacterial consumption and remaining stable for 10 months. During the long-term degradation process, bacterial community structure and metabolic function showed obvious successional characteristics, driving the gradual transformation of DOC from labile to refractory through the microbial carbon pump mechanism. After the long-term degradation, the remaining RDOC accounted for approximately 1.6% of the macroalgal carbon biomass. As RDOC can maintain long-term stability, we propose that the frequent outbreaks of green tides not only affect microbial processes but also may have an important cumulative effect on the coastal RDOC pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zenghu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361100, China.
| | - Yongyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Development and comparison of formula assignment algorithms for ultrahigh-resolution mass spectra of natural organic matter. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1125:247-257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Valle J, Harir M, Gonsior M, Enrich-Prast A, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Bastviken D, Hertkorn N. Molecular differences between water column and sediment pore water SPE-DOM in ten Swedish boreal lakes. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 170:115320. [PMID: 31837638 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Boreal lakes are considered hot spots of dissolved organic matter (DOM) processing within the global carbon cycle. This study has used FT-ICR mass spectrometry and comprehensive data evaluation to assess the molecular differences of SPE-DOM between lake column water SPE-DOM and sedimentary pore water SPE-DOM in 10 Swedish boreal lakes of the Malingsbo area, which were selected for their large diversity of physicochemical and morphological characteristics. While lake column water is well mixed and fairly oxygenated, sedimentary pore water is subject to depletion of oxygen and to confinement of molecules. Robust trends were deduced from molecular compositions present in all compartments and in all 10 lakes ("common compositions") with recognition of relative abundance. Sedimentary pore water SPE-DOM featured higher proportions of heteroatoms N and S, higher average H/C ratios in presence of higher DBE/C ratios, and higher average oxygenation than lake column water SPE-DOM. These trends were observed in all lakes except Ljustjärn, which is a ground water fed kettle lake with an unique lake biogeochemistry. Analogous trends were also observed in case of single or a few lakes and operated also for compounds present solely in either lake column water or sedimentary pore water. Unique compounds detected in either compartments and/or in a few lakes showed higher molecular diversity than the "common compositions". Processing of DOM molecules in sediments included selective preservation for polyphenolic compounds and microbial resynthesis of selected molecules of considerable diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Valle
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry (BGC), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, P. O. Box 1129, D-85758, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mourad Harir
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry (BGC), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, P. O. Box 1129, D-85758, Neuherberg, Germany; Technische Universität München, Chair Analytical Food Chemistry, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, D-85354, Freising, Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Michael Gonsior
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons, USA
| | - Alex Enrich-Prast
- Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies - Environmental Change, Linköping, Sweden; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Botany, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry (BGC), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, P. O. Box 1129, D-85758, Neuherberg, Germany; Technische Universität München, Chair Analytical Food Chemistry, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, D-85354, Freising, Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - David Bastviken
- Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies - Environmental Change, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Norbert Hertkorn
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry (BGC), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, P. O. Box 1129, D-85758, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Zhang L, Peng Y, Ge Z, Xu K. Fate of dissolved organic nitrogen during the Anammox process using ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 131:105042. [PMID: 31376595 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) is a cost-effective process for treating highly nitrogenous wastewater. However, the fate of organic nitrogen during Anammox treatment is still unclear, which limits its practical application. In this work, the changes in the quality of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in coal liquefaction wastewater (CLW) during Anammox were studied in relation to its chemical composition, which was determined by Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). The molecular-level characterization of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the Anammox sludge is also reported for the first time in this paper. The relative contribution of N-containing compounds to the total dissolved organic matter (DOM) determined by summating the normalized intensities exceeded 30%, highlighting the complexity of the nitrogenous compounds in the influent. Additionally, Anammox appeared to be better suited to removing DON compounds with fewer carbonyl or carboxyl groups, more aromatic structures, and higher oxidative properties. Lignin-like substances were verified as the predominant component of N-containing compounds in Anammox EPS, followed by protein and substances with condensed aromatic structures. DON compounds with higher degrees of saturation, lower molecular weight, and higher lignin-like properties were more prone to absorption by Anammox EPS. A series of microbe-mediated pathways were demonstrated to be responsible for DON biodegradation, which revealed the organic and inorganic nitrogen removal mechanisms in the Anammox reactor. The obtained results provide great support to the ongoing efforts to optimize the Anammox process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Zheng Ge
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Kechen Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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Yang T, Hei P, Song J, Zhang J, Zhu Z, Zhang Y, Yang J, Liu C, Jin J, Quan J. Nitrogen variations during the ice-on season in the eutrophic lakes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 247:1089-1099. [PMID: 30823338 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen accumulation in sediments, and the subsequent migration and transformations between sediment and the overlying water, plays an important role in the lake nitrogen cycle. However, knowledge of these processes are largely confined to ice-free seasons. Recent research under ice has mainly focused on the water eco-environmental effects during winter. Sediment N accumulation during the ice-on season and its associated eco-environmental impacts have never been systematically investigated. To address these knowledge gaps, we chose Wuliangsu Lake in China as a case study site, taking advantage of the spatial disparity between the 13 semi-separated sub-lakes. Based on samples of 35 sampling sites collected before, in the middle, and at the end of ice-on season separately, we performed a quantitative analysis of under-ice lake N accumulation and water-sediment N exchange by analyzing N fraction variations. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis and Relevance Analysis were used to help elucidate the main causes and implications of under-ice N variation. Our results clearly show that existing studies have underestimated the impact of under-ice N accumulation on the lake ecology throughout year: 1) Sediment N accumulated 2-3 times more than that before winter; 2) residual nitrogen (Res-N) contributed to the majority of the accumulated sediment N and was mainly induced by the debris of macrophytes; 3) total available nitrogen (TAN) was the most easily exchanged fractions between sediment and water, and it mainly affected the water environment during winter; 4) the Res-N accumulation during the ice-on season may have a strong impact on the eco-environment in the subsequent seasons. Our research is valuable for understanding the mechanism of internal nutrient cycle and controlling the internal nitrogen pollution, especially in shallow seasonally-frozen lakes that have long suffered from macrophyte-phytoplankton co-dominated eutrophication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Pengfei Hei
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jindong Song
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhongfan Zhu
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Yingyuan Zhang
- Guizhou Academy of Testing and analysis, Guiyang, 550000, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chunlan Liu
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jun Jin
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jin Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycles in River Basins, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China
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Feng W, Liu S, Li C, Li X, Song F, Wang B, Chen H, Wu F. Algal uptake of hydrophilic and hydrophobic dissolved organic nitrogen in the eutrophic lakes. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 214:295-302. [PMID: 30265937 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) derived from sediments plays an active role in biogeochemical cycling of nutrients in aquatic ecosystems. Sediments from four eutrophic lakes were studied using three-dimensional fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (3DEEM) spectra and supelite XAD-8 macroporous resin separation to investigate the bioavailability of hydrophilic and hydrophobic DON to algae (Microcystis flos-aquae (Wittr.) Kirchner). The results showed that the average loss of DON was <6.0% after dividing DON into hydrophilic and hydrophobic components, demonstrating the utility of XAD-8 resin separation in the study of DON components from lake sediments. The 3DEEM analysis showed that hydrophobic and hydrophilic DON comprised humic- and protein-like materials, respectively. During the incubation period, the bioavailability of hydrophilic DON, which accounted for 59.3%-80.4% of total DON, stimulated algal growth, suggesting that hydrophilic DON was the primary source of organic nitrogen for algae. In contrast, hydrophobic DON increased algal density by only 31.8% of that observed for hydrophilic DON, and had a small (accounted for 20.0%-26.6% of total DON) effect on algal growth over the short-term. The significant differences in algal growth between the two types of DON suggested that they should be considered separately in the eutrophic lake restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiying Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Cuicui Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Fanhao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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Valle J, Gonsior M, Harir M, Enrich-Prast A, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Bastviken D, Conrad R, Hertkorn N. Extensive processing of sediment pore water dissolved organic matter during anoxic incubation as observed by high-field mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS). WATER RESEARCH 2018; 129:252-263. [PMID: 29153878 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) contained in lake sediments is a carbon source for many microbial degradation processes, including aerobic and anaerobic mineralization. During anaerobic degradation, DOM is partially consumed and transformed into new molecules while the greenhouse gases methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are produced. In this study, we used ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry to trace differences in the composition of solid-phase extractable (PPL resin) pore water DOM (SPE-DOM) isolated from surface sediments of three boreal lakes before and after 40 days of anoxic incubation, with concomitant determination of CH4 and CO2 evolution. CH4 and CO2 production detected by gas chromatography varied considerably among replicates and accounted for fractions of ∼2-4 × 10-4 of sedimentary organic carbon for CO2 and ∼0.8-2.4 × 10-5 for CH4. In contrast, the relative changes of key bulk parameters during incubation, such as relative proportions of molecular series, elemental ratios, average mass and unsaturation, were regularly in the percent range (1-3% for compounds decreasing and 4-10% for compounds increasing), i.e. several orders of magnitude higher than mineralization alone. Computation of the average carbon oxidation state in CHO molecules of lake pore water DOM revealed rather non-selective large scale transformations of organic matter during incubation, with depletion of highly oxidized and highly reduced CHO molecules, and formation of rather non-labile fulvic acid type molecules. In general, proportions of CHO compounds slightly decreased. Nearly saturated CHO and CHOS lipid-like substances declined during incubation: these rather commonplace molecules were less specific indicators of lake sediment alteration than the particular compounds, such as certain oxygenated aromatics and carboxyl-rich alicyclic acids (CRAM) found more abundant after incubation. There was a remarkable general increase in many CHNO compounds during incubation across all lakes. Differences in DOM transformation between lakes corresponded with lake size and water residence time. While in the small lake Svarttjärn, CRAM increased during incubation, lignin-and tannin-like compounds were enriched in the large lake Bisen, suggesting selective preservation of these rather non-labile aromatic compounds rather than recent synthesis. SPE-DOM after incubation may represent freshly synthesized compounds, leftover bulk DOM which is primarily composed of intrinsically refractory molecules and/or microbial metabolites which were not consumed in our experiments. In spite of a low fraction of the total DOM being mineralized to CO2 and CH4, the more pronounced change in molecular DOM composition during the incubation indicates that diagenetic modification of organic matter can be substantial compared to complete mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Valle
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Gonsior
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons, USA
| | - Mourad Harir
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Department for Chemical-Technical Analysis, Research Center Weihenstephan for Brewing and Food Quality, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Alex Enrich-Prast
- Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies-Environmental Change, Linköping, Sweden; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Botany, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Department for Chemical-Technical Analysis, Research Center Weihenstephan for Brewing and Food Quality, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - David Bastviken
- Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies-Environmental Change, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ralf Conrad
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Hertkorn
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Yang WQ, Xiao H, Li Y, Miao DR. Vertical distribution and release characteristics of nitrogen fractions in sediments in the estuaries of Dianchi Lake, China. CHEMICAL SPECIATION AND BIOAVAILABILITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09542299.2017.1352460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Qiu Yang
- Department of Chemical Science & Technology, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Chemical Science & Technology, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Ye Li
- National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Beijing, China
| | - De-Ren Miao
- Department of Chemical Science & Technology, Kunming University, Kunming, China
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38
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Biological early diagenesis and insolation-paced paleoproductivity signified in deep core sediment organic matter. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1581. [PMID: 28484263 PMCID: PMC5431472 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01759-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of a large stock of organic matter contained in deep sediments of marginal seas plays pivotal role in global carbon cycle, yet it is poorly constrained. Here, dissolved organic matter (DOM) in sediments was investigated for core sediment up to ~240 meters deep in the East/Japan Sea. The upper downcore profile (≤118 mbsf, or meters below seafloor) at a non-chimney site (U1) featured the exponential production of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and optically active DOM with time in the pore water above sulfate-methane-transition-zone (SMTZ), concurrent with the increases of nutrients and alkalinity, and the reduction of sulfate. Such depth profiles signify a biological pathway of the DOM production during the early diagenesis of particulate organic matter presumably dominated by sulfate reduction. Below the SMTZ, an insolation-paced oscillation of DOM in a ~405-Kyr cycle of orbital eccentricity was observed at site U1, implying astronomically paced paleoproductivity stimulated by light availability. Furthermore, DOM dynamics of the deep sediments were likely governed by intensive humification as revealed by the less pronounced protein-like fluorescence and the lower H/C and O/C ratios below SMTZ among 15,281 formulas identified. Our findings here provide novel insights into organic matter dynamics in deep sediments.
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Hu H, Ma H, Ding L, Geng J, Xu K, Huang H, Zhang Y, Ren H. Concentration, composition, bioavailability, and N-nitrosodimethylamine formation potential of particulate and dissolved organic nitrogen in wastewater effluents: A comparative study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 569-570:1359-1368. [PMID: 27450243 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater-derived organic nitrogen (org-N) can act as both nutrients and carcinogenic nitrogenous disinfection byproduct precursors. In this study, the concentration, composition, bioavailability, and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation potential of particulate organic nitrogen (PON) from three different municipal wastewater treatment plants were characterized and compared with that of effluent dissolved organic nitrogen (DON). The average effluent PON and DON concentrations ranged from 0.09 to 0.55mgN/L and from 0.91 to 1.88mgN/L, respectively. According to principal component analysis, org-N composition and characterization differed in PON and DON samples (n=20). Compared with DON, PON tended to be enriched in protein and nucleic acids, and showed a more proteinaceous character. Composition of org-N functional groups estimated from the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy N 1s spectra indicate no significant differences in the molecular weight distribution of the protein-like materials between PON and DON. Moreover, PON exhibited a significantly higher bioavailability (61.0±13.3%) compared to DON (38.5±12.4%, p˂0.05, t-test) and a significantly higher NDMA yields (791.4±404.0ng/mg-N) compared to DON (374.8±62.5ng/mg-N, p˂0.05, t-test). Accordingly, PON contributed to approximately 12.3-41.7% of the total bioavailable org-N and 22.0-38.4% of the total NDMA precursors in wastewater effluents. Thus, the potential adverse effects of PON on wastewater discharge and reuse applications should not be overlooked, even though it only accounted for 7.4-26.8% of the total effluent org-N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Haijun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lili Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jinju Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
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He W, Chen M, Park JE, Hur J. Molecular diversity of riverine alkaline-extractable sediment organic matter and its linkages with spectral indicators and molecular size distributions. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 100:222-231. [PMID: 27192357 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have been conducted to examine the spatial heterogeneity of riverine sediment organic matter (SOM) at the molecular level. The present study explored the chemical and molecular heterogeneity of alkaline-extractable SOM from riverine sediments via multiple analytical tools including molecular composition, absorption and fluorescence spectra, and molecular size distributions. The riverine SOM revealed complex and diverse characteristics, exhibiting a great number of non-redundant formulas and high spatial variations. The molecular diversity was more pronounced for the sediments affected by a higher degree of anthropogenic activities. Unlike the cases of aquatic dissolved organic matter, highly-unsaturated structures with oxygen (HUSO) of SOM were more associated with the spectral and size features of humic-like (or terrestrial) substances than aromatic molecules were, cautioning the interpretation of the SOM molecules responsible for apparent indicators. Noting that a higher detection rate (DR) produces fewer common molecules, the common molecules of 23 different SOMs were determined at a reasonable DR value of 0.35, which accounted for a small portion (5.8%) of all detected molecules. They were mainly CHO compounds (>98%), which positively correlated with spectral indicators of biological production. Despite the low abundance, however, the ratios of aromatic to aliphatic substances could be indexed to classify the common molecules into several geochemical molecular groups with different degrees of the associations with the apparent spectral and size indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, South Korea
| | - Meilian Chen
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, South Korea
| | - Jae-Eun Park
- Research Group for Mass Spectrometry, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk 363-883, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, South Korea.
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Cuss C, Guéguen C. Characterizing the Labile Fraction of Dissolved Organic Matter in Leaf Leachates: Methods, Indicators, Structure, and Complexity. LABILE ORGANIC MATTER-CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS, FUNCTION, AND SIGNIFICANCE IN SOIL AND THE ENVIRONMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.2136/sssaspecpub62.2014.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C.W. Cuss
- Environmental and Life Science Graduate Program; 1600 West Bank Drive Peterborough Ontario Canada K9J 7B8
| | - C. Guéguen
- Chemistry Dep.; Trent University; 1600 West Bank Drive Peterborough Ontario Canada K9J 7B8
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Efficient production of lumichrome by Microbacterium sp. strain TPU 3598. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:7360-7. [PMID: 26253661 PMCID: PMC4592859 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02166-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lumichrome is a photodegradation product of riboflavin and is available as a photosensitizer and fluorescent dye. To develop new efficient methods of lumichrome production, we isolated bacterial strains with high lumichrome productivity from soil. The strain with highest productivity was identified as Microbacterium sp. strain TPU 3598. Since this strain inductively produced lumichrome when cultivated with riboflavin, we developed two different methods, a cultivation method and a resting cell method, for the production of large amounts of lumichrome using the strain. In the cultivation method, 2.4 g (9.9 mmol) of lumichrome was produced from 3.8 g (10.1 mmol) of riboflavin at the 500-ml scale (98% yield). The strain also produced 4.7 g (19.4 mmol) of lumichrome from 7.6 g (20.2 mmol) of riboflavin (96% yield) by addition of riboflavin during cultivation at the 500-ml scale. In the resting cell method, 20 g of cells (wet weight) in 100 ml of potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, produced 2.4 g of lumichrome from 3.8 g of riboflavin (98% yield). Since the lumichrome production by these methods was carried out in suspension, the resulting lumichrome was easily purified from the cultivation medium or reaction mixture by centrifugation and crystallization. Thus, the biochemical methods we describe here are a significant improvement in terms of simplicity and yield over the existing chemical, photolytic, and other biochemical methods of lumichrome production.
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Chen M, Hur J. Pre-treatments, characteristics, and biogeochemical dynamics of dissolved organic matter in sediments: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 79:10-25. [PMID: 25965884 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in sediments, termed here sediment DOM, plays a variety of important roles in global biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nutrients as well as in the fate and transport of xenobiotics. Here we reviewed sediment DOM, including pore waters and water extractable organic matter from inland and coastal sediments, based on recent literature (from 1996 to 2014). Sampling, pre-treatment, and characterization methods for sediment DOM were summarized. The characteristics of sediment DOM have been compared along an inland to coastal ecosystems gradient and also with the overlying DOM in water column to distinguish the unique nature of it. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from inland sediment DOM was generally higher than coastal areas, while no notable differences were found for their aromaticity and apparent molecular weight. Fluorescence index (FI) revealed that mixed sources are dominant for inland sediment DOM, but marine end-member prevails for coastal sediment DOM. Many reports showed that sediments operate as a net source of DOC and chromophoric DOM (CDOM) to the water column. Sediment DOM has shown more enrichment of nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds in the elemental signature than the overlying DOM. Fluorescent fingerprint investigated by excitation-emission matrix coupled with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) further demonstrated the characteristics of sediment DOM lacking in the photo-oxidized and the intermediate components, which are typically present in the overlying surface water. In addition, the biogeochemical changes in sediment DOM and the subsequent environmental implications were discussed with the focus on the binding and the complexation properties with pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilian Chen
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, South Korea.
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Understanding molecular formula assignment of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry data of natural organic matter from a chemical point of view. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:7977-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Arnold WA, Longnecker K, Kroeger KD, Kujawinski EB. Molecular signature of organic nitrogen in septic-impacted groundwater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2014; 16:2400-2407. [PMID: 25142948 DOI: 10.1039/c4em00289j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved inorganic and organic nitrogen levels are elevated in aquatic systems due to anthropogenic activities. Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) arises from various sources, and its impact could be more clearly constrained if specific sources were identified and if the molecular-level composition of DON were better understood. In this work, the pharmaceutical carbamazepine was used to identify septic-impacted groundwater in a coastal watershed. Using ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry data, the nitrogen-containing features of the dissolved organic matter in septic-impacted and non-impacted samples were compared. The septic-impacted groundwater samples have a larger abundance of nitrogen-containing formulas. Impacted samples have additional DON features in the regions ascribed as 'protein-like' and 'lipid-like' in van Krevelen space and have more intense nitrogen-containing features in a specific region of a carbon versus mass plot. These features are potential indicators of dissolved organic nitrogen arising from septic effluents, and this work suggests that ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry is a valuable tool to identify and characterize sources of DON.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Arnold
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering, University of Minnesota, 500 Pillsbury Dr SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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