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Le-McClain A, Zanelotti C, Robert H, Casanova F. Analysis of complex mixtures with benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance: Solvent suppression with T 2 and diffusion filters. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2024; 62:497-504. [PMID: 38369688 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers are being employed in a wide variety of applications from undergraduate teaching and research in academia to quality control and process monitoring in industrial settings. Incorporating benchtop NMR in some of these applications presents opportunities for new practical uses of the technology and challenges that truly test the capabilities of compact NMR spectrometers. For instance, the use of protonated solvents in manufacturing or process monitoring requires separating and quantitating the analyte signals of interest from the strong (overwhelming) response from the solvents. Furthermore, due to the lower field strength available with permanent magnet spectrometers, the NMR spectra of complex mixtures can be more difficult to analyze due to partial or complete signal overlap. To address some of these challenges and to extend the range of applications of benchtop NMR, we investigate NMR techniques that enable quantitative analysis of different components in mixtures. These pulse sequences can be used to suppress one or multiple solvent peaks, to filter out signals by spin-spin relaxation time (T2), or to separate signal components by a molecule's diffusion coefficient (NMR diffusometry). In this paper, we discuss quantitative analysis of excipients in buffers for therapeutic proteins to highlight the usefulness of these NMR pulse sequences in the analysis of complex samples with benchtop NMR spectrometers.
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2
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Campos-Pereira H, Makselon J, Kleja DB, Prater I, Kögel-Knabner I, Ahrens L, Gustafsson JP. Binding of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) by organic soil materials with different structural composition - Charge- and concentration-dependent sorption behavior. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 297:134167. [PMID: 35276112 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The charge- and concentration-dependent sorption behavior of a range of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) was studied for three organic soil samples with different organic matter quality, one Spodosol Oe horizon (Mor Oe) and two Sphagnum peats with different degrees of decomposition (Peat Oi and Peat Oe). Sorption to the two peat materials was, on average, four times stronger compared to that onto the Mor Oe material. In particular, longer-chained PFASs were more strongly bound by the two peats as compared to the Mor Oe sample. The combined results of batch sorption experiments and 13C NMR spectroscopy suggested sorption to be positively related to the content of carbohydrates (i.e., O-alkyl carbon). Sorption of all PFAS subclasses was inversely related to the pH value in all soils, with the largest pH effects being observed for perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) with C10 and C11 perfluorocarbon chain lengths. Experimentally determined sorption isotherms onto the poorly humified Peat Oi did not deviate significantly from linearity for most substances, while for the Mor Oe horizon, sorption nonlinearity was generally more pronounced. This work should prove useful in assessing PFAS sorption and leaching in organic soil horizons within environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Campos-Pereira
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7014, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Makselon
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7014, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dan B Kleja
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7014, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden; Swedish Geotechnical Institute (SGI), SE-581 93, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Isabel Prater
- Soil Science, Research Department Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Ingrid Kögel-Knabner
- Soil Science, Research Department Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jon Petter Gustafsson
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7014, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Cabugao KGM, Gushgari-Doyle S, Chacon SS, Wu X, Bhattacharyya A, Bouskill N, Chakraborty R. Characterizing Natural Organic Matter Transformations by Microbial Communities in Terrestrial Subsurface Ecosystems: A Critical Review of Analytical Techniques and Challenges. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:864895. [PMID: 35602028 PMCID: PMC9114703 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.864895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the mechanisms, traits, and pathways that regulate microbial transformation of natural organic matter (NOM) is critical to informing our understanding of the microbial impacts on the global carbon cycle. The capillary fringe of subsurface soils is a highly dynamic environment that remains poorly understood. Characterization of organo-mineral chemistry combined with a nuanced understanding of microbial community composition and function is necessary to understand microbial impacts on NOM speciation in the capillary fringe. We present a critical review of the popular analytical and omics techniques used for characterizing complex carbon transformation by microbial communities and focus on how complementary information obtained from the different techniques enable us to connect chemical signatures with microbial genes and pathways. This holistic approach offers a way forward for the comprehensive characterization of the formation, transformation, and mineralization of terrestrial NOM as influenced by microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Grace M Cabugao
- Department of Ecology, Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Sara Gushgari-Doyle
- Department of Ecology, Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Stephany S Chacon
- Department of Ecology, Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Xiaoqin Wu
- Department of Ecology, Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Amrita Bhattacharyya
- Department of Ecology, Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas Bouskill
- Department of Ecology, Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Romy Chakraborty
- Department of Ecology, Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
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Zhang W, Feng R, Meng X, Jin X, Shan B. A new solution 31P NMR sample extraction scheme for freshwater ecosystem sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:10838-10847. [PMID: 34532793 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16431-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A new approach for the extraction of organic phosphorus (Po) from freshwater sediments, which can be used in solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P NMR), has been developed and optimized. This approach addresses three important factors for sediment extraction: pH, organic matter (OM), and paramagnetic ions. We classified the sediments according to the pH, OM, and paramagnetic ions (acidic: pH < 7, alkaline: pH > 7; low OM: OM < 100 g·kg-1, high OM: OM > 100 g·kg-1; non-calcareous: Ca/(Fe + Al) < 0.5, calcareous: Ca/(Fe + Al) > 0.5). The 0.25 and 0.5 mol·L-1 NaOH were optimum concentration for acidic and alkaline sediment extracted, respectively. The ratio of sediment to extraction remains at 1:10 (w:v) which exhibited higher extraction efficiency compared with 1:5 and 1:20 for both low and high OM sediments. Use of 25 mmol·L-1 and 50 mmol·L-1 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was optimal for Po extraction from non-calcareous and calcareous sediments, respectively. A useful extraction ratio table was developed through systematic orthogonal experiment. This new approach will allow 31P NMR to be more efficiently used for freshwater Po analysis and will help answer questions regarding to the fate and function of Po in freshwater sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rujiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
- Hebei University of Engineering, Hebei Handan, 056038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Meng
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Jin
- Hebei University of Engineering, Hebei Handan, 056038, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoqing Shan
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
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5
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Anaraki MT, Lysak DH, Downey K, Kock FVC, You X, Majumdar RD, Barison A, Lião LM, Ferreira AG, Decker V, Goerling B, Spraul M, Godejohann M, Helm PA, Kleywegt S, Jobst K, Soong R, Simpson MJ, Simpson AJ. NMR spectroscopy of wastewater: A review, case study, and future potential. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 126-127:121-180. [PMID: 34852923 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy is arguably the most powerful tool for the study of molecular structures and interactions, and is increasingly being applied to environmental research, such as the study of wastewater. With over 97% of the planet's water being saltwater, and two thirds of freshwater being frozen in the ice caps and glaciers, there is a significant need to maintain and reuse the remaining 1%, which is a precious resource, critical to the sustainability of most life on Earth. Sanitation and reutilization of wastewater is an important method of water conservation, especially in arid regions, making the understanding of wastewater itself, and of its treatment processes, a highly relevant area of environmental research. Here, the benefits, challenges and subtleties of using NMR spectroscopy for the analysis of wastewater are considered. First, the techniques available to overcome the specific challenges arising from the nature of wastewater (which is a complex and dilute matrix), including an examination of sample preparation and NMR techniques (such as solvent suppression), in both the solid and solution states, are discussed. Then, the arsenal of available NMR techniques for both structure elucidation (e.g., heteronuclear, multidimensional NMR, homonuclear scalar coupling-based experiments) and the study of intermolecular interactions (e.g., diffusion, nuclear Overhauser and saturation transfer-based techniques) in wastewater are examined. Examples of wastewater NMR studies from the literature are reviewed and potential areas for future research are identified. Organized by nucleus, this review includes the common heteronuclei (13C, 15N, 19F, 31P, 29Si) as well as other environmentally relevant nuclei and metals such as 27Al, 51V, 207Pb and 113Cd, among others. Further, the potential of additional NMR methods such as comprehensive multiphase NMR, NMR microscopy and hyphenated techniques (for example, LC-SPE-NMR-MS) for advancing the current understanding of wastewater are discussed. In addition, a case study that combines natural abundance (i.e. non-concentrated), targeted and non-targeted NMR to characterize wastewater, along with in vivo based NMR to understand its toxicity, is included. The study demonstrates that, when applied comprehensively, NMR can provide unique insights into not just the structure, but also potential impacts, of wastewater and wastewater treatment processes. Finally, low-field NMR, which holds considerable future potential for on-site wastewater monitoring, is briefly discussed. In summary, NMR spectroscopy is one of the most versatile tools in modern science, with abilities to study all phases (gases, liquids, gels and solids), chemical structures, interactions, interfaces, toxicity and much more. The authors hope this review will inspire more scientists to embrace NMR, given its huge potential for both wastewater analysis in particular and environmental research in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Tabatabaei Anaraki
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Daniel H Lysak
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Katelyn Downey
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Flávio Vinicius Crizóstomo Kock
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos-SP (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Xiang You
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Rudraksha D Majumdar
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada; Synex Medical, 2 Bloor Street E, Suite 310, Toronto, ON M4W 1A8, Canada
| | - Andersson Barison
- NMR Center, Federal University of Paraná, CP 19081, 81530-900 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Luciano Morais Lião
- NMR Center, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil
| | | | - Venita Decker
- Bruker Biospin GmbH, Silberstreifen 4, 76287 Rheinstetten, Germany
| | | | - Manfred Spraul
- Bruker Biospin GmbH, Silberstreifen 4, 76287 Rheinstetten, Germany
| | | | - Paul A Helm
- Environmental Monitoring & Reporting Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Toronto M9P 3V6, Canada
| | - Sonya Kleywegt
- Technical Assessment and Standards Development Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, ON M4V 1M2, Canada
| | - Karl Jobst
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Ronald Soong
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Myrna J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Andre J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada.
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6
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Kikuchi J, Yamada S. The exposome paradigm to predict environmental health in terms of systemic homeostasis and resource balance based on NMR data science. RSC Adv 2021; 11:30426-30447. [PMID: 35480260 PMCID: PMC9041152 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03008f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The environment, from microbial ecosystems to recycled resources, fluctuates dynamically due to many physical, chemical and biological factors, the profile of which reflects changes in overall state, such as environmental illness caused by a collapse of homeostasis. To evaluate and predict environmental health in terms of systemic homeostasis and resource balance, a comprehensive understanding of these factors requires an approach based on the "exposome paradigm", namely the totality of exposure to all substances. Furthermore, in considering sustainable development to meet global population growth, it is important to gain an understanding of both the circulation of biological resources and waste recycling in human society. From this perspective, natural environment, agriculture, aquaculture, wastewater treatment in industry, biomass degradation and biodegradable materials design are at the forefront of current research. In this respect, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) offers tremendous advantages in the analysis of samples of molecular complexity, such as crude bio-extracts, intact cells and tissues, fibres, foods, feeds, fertilizers and environmental samples. Here we outline examples to promote an understanding of recent applications of solution-state, solid-state, time-domain NMR and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to the complex evaluation of organisms, materials and the environment. We also describe useful databases and informatics tools, as well as machine learning techniques for NMR analysis, demonstrating that NMR data science can be used to evaluate the exposome in both the natural environment and human society towards a sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kikuchi
- Environmental Metabolic Analysis Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku Yokohama 230-0045 Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku Yokohama 230-0045 Japan
| | - Shunji Yamada
- Environmental Metabolic Analysis Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku Yokohama 230-0045 Japan
- Prediction Science Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 7-1-26 Minatojima-minami-machi, Chuo-ku Kobe 650-0047 Japan
- Data Assimilation Research Team, RIKEN Center for Computational Science 7-1-26 Minatojima-minami-machi, Chuo-ku Kobe 650-0047 Japan
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7
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He M, Wan Z, Tsang DCW, Sun Y, Khan E, Hou D, Graham NJD. Performance indicators for a holistic evaluation of catalyst-based degradation-A case study of selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123460. [PMID: 32683158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Considerable efforts have been made to develop effective and sustainable catalysts, e.g., carbon-/biochar-based catalyst, for the decontamination of organic pollutants in water/wastewater. Most of the published studies evaluated the catalytic performance mainly upon degradation efficiency of parent compounds; however, comprehensive and field-relevant performance assessment is still in need. This review critically analysed the performance indicators for carbon-/biochar-based catalytic degradation from the perspectives of: (1) degradation of parent compounds, i.e., concentrations, kinetics, reactive oxidative species (ROS) analysis, and residual oxidant concentration; (2) formation of intermediates and by-products, i.e., intermediates analysis, evolution of inorganic ions, and total organic carbon (TOC); and (3) impact assessment of treated samples, i.e., toxicity evolution, disinfection effect, and biodegradability test. Five most frequently detected pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) (sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine, ibuprofen, diclofenac, and acetaminophen) were selected as a case study to articulate the performance indicators for a holistic evaluation of carbon-/biochar-based catalytic degradation. This review also encourages the development of alternative performance indicators to facilitate the rational design of catalysts in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhonghao Wan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yuqing Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Deyi Hou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Nigel J D Graham
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Wang Q, Nielsen UG. Applications of solid-state NMR spectroscopy in environmental science. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2020; 110:101698. [PMID: 33130521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2020.101698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental science is an interdisciplinary field, which integrates chemical, physical, and biological sciences to study environmental problems and human impact on the environment. This article highlights the use of solid-state NMR spectroscopy (SSNMR) in studies of environmental processes and remediation with examples from both laboratory studies and samples collected in the field. The contemporary topics presented include soil chemistry, environmental remediation (e.g., heavy metals and radionuclides removal, carbon dioxide mineralization), and phosphorus recovery. SSNMR is a powerful technique, which provides atomic-level information about speciation in complex environmental samples as well as the interactions between pollutants and minerals/organic matter on different environmental interfaces. The challenges in the application of SSNMR in environmental science (e.g., measurement of paramagnetic nuclei and low-gamma nuclei) are also discussed, and perspectives are provided for the future research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ulla Gro Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark.
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Inverse or direct detect experiments and probes: Which are “best” for in-vivo NMR research of 13C enriched organisms? Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1138:168-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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10
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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance with Fast Field-Cycling Setup: A Valid Tool for Soil Quality Investigation. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10071040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques are largely employed in several fields. As an example, NMR spectroscopy is used to provide structural and conformational information on pure systems, while affording quantitative evaluation on the number of nuclei in a given chemical environment. When dealing with relaxation, NMR allows understanding of molecular dynamics, i.e., the time evolution of molecular motions. The analysis of relaxation times conducted on complex liquid–liquid and solid–liquid mixtures is directly related to the nature of the interactions among the components of the mixture. In the present review paper, the peculiarities of low resolution fast field-cycling (FFC) NMR relaxometry in soil science are reported. In particular, the general aspects of the typical FFC NMR relaxometry experiment are firstly provided. Afterwards, a discussion on the main mathematical models to be used to “read” and interpret experimental data on soils is given. Following this, an overview on the main results in soil science is supplied. Finally, new FFC NMR-based hypotheses on nutrient dynamics in soils are described
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Zhang D, Qiu J, Shi L, Liu Y, Pan B, Xing B. The mechanisms and environmental implications of engineered nanoparticles dispersion. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 722:137781. [PMID: 32199363 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dispersion of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) has drawn special research attentions because the environmental behavior, risks, and applications of ENPs are greatly dependent on their dispersing status. This review summarizes the latest research progress of dispersion mechanisms, environmental applications in contaminants adsorption, and toxicity of ENPs dispersed in liquid and in solid matrix (3D-ENPs). Dispersion mechanisms of ENPs, including steric hindrance, electrostatic repulsion and "micelle wrapping" are well understood in single dispersing agent, however, the prediction of ENPs dispersion in real environments is not straightforward because of the diversity of structures, components, and properties of natural organic molecule mixtures. The adsorption characteristics, depending on the exposed surface areas in liquid, are significantly different between dispersed and aggregated ENPs. Comparing with the aggregated ENPs, the toxicity of dispersed ENPs is generally enhanced due to the increased uptake, released metal ions, carried contaminants, and induced ROS. 3D-ENPs not only inherit the excellent adsorption performance of ENPs dispersed in liquid, but also are beneficial to the separation and recycle from aqueous solutions due to their 3D rigid structures. However, the adsorption mechanisms as affected by environmental conditions are still unclear. Additionally, the potential risks of 3D-ENPs should be paid more attentions, with an emphasis on free radicals and stability of 3D structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Lab of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Junke Qiu
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Lab of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Lab of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Lab of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Bo Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Lab of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
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12
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Soong R, Liaghati Mobarhan Y, Tabatabaei M, Bastawrous M, Biswas RG, Simpson M, Simpson A. Flow-based in vivo NMR spectroscopy of small aquatic organisms. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2020; 58:411-426. [PMID: 32239577 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
NMR applied to living organisms is arguably the ultimate tool for understanding environmental stress responses and can provide desperately needed information on toxic mechanisms, synergistic effects, sublethal impacts, recovery, and biotransformation of xenobiotics. To perform in vivo NMR spectroscopy, a flow cell system is required to deliver oxygen and food to the organisms while maintaining optimal line shape for NMR spectroscopy. In this tutorial, two such flow cell systems and their constructions are discussed: (a) a single pump high-volume flow cell design is simple to build and ideal for organisms that do not require feeding (i.e., eggs) and (b) a more advanced low-volume double pump flow cell design that permits feeding, maintains optimal water height for water suppression, improves locking and shimming, and uses only a small recirculating volume, thus reducing the amount of xenobiotic required for testing. In addition, key experimental aspects including isotopic enrichment, water suppression, and 2D experiments for both 13 C enriched and natural abundance organisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Soong
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yalda Liaghati Mobarhan
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maryam Tabatabaei
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Monica Bastawrous
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rajshree Ghosh Biswas
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Myrna Simpson
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andre Simpson
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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13
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An improved phenol-sulfuric acid method for the determination of carbohydrates in the presence of persulfate. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 227:115332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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An D, Chen Y, Gu B, Westerhoff P, Hanigan D, Herckes P, Fischer N, Donovan S, Croue JP, Atkinson A. Lower molecular weight fractions of PolyDADMAC coagulants disproportionately contribute to N-nitrosodimethylamine formation during water treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 150:466-472. [PMID: 30576897 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a chloramine disinfection by-product, and its formation in drinking waters can increase due to the addition of cationic polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (polyDADMAC). PolyDADMAC is a cationic polymer added as a coagulant or coagulant aid to enhance turbidity removal during sedimentation and filtration. This paper answers two central questions to understanding the nature of the NDMA precursors in polyDADMAC. First, what is the reactivity of different molecular weight (MW) fractions of polyDADMAC with chloramines? NDMA formation potential (NDMAFP) and kinetic experiments with chloramines were conducted for non-fractionated (raw) and size-excluded fractions (<3K, 3-10K, and >10K Da.) of polyDADMAC. The lower MW fraction (<3K Da.) of polyDADMAC solutions was responsible for forming 64 ± 6% of the NDMA, despite containing only 8.7 and 9.8% of the carbon or nitrogen present in the bulk polymer. The chloramine demand kinetics of the lowest MW fraction were also >2× faster than the higher MW fractions. Therefore, in a water treatment application the lower MW polyDADMAC likely contributes to most of the NDMA attributed to the use of polyDADMAC. The second question was: can 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) be used to characterize the molecular structures in polyDADMAC that react with chloramines? A peak for 1H NMR dimethylamine (DMA), a known low MW NDMA precursor, was found in a commercial polyDADMAC solution and decreased upon chloramination. The estimated DMA alone could not account for the observed NDMAFP, indicating the presence of other low MW precursors. Diffusion order spectroscopy (DOSY) NMR also showed multiple lower MW organics in polyDADMAC that change upon chloramination, including a 1.5× decrease in MW, suggesting chloramines cleave CC or CN bonds. These reactions may produce intermediates responsible for NDMA formation. Polymer manufacturers could use NMR to synthesize polyDADMAC with less DMA and other low MW compounds that produce NDMA upon chloramination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong An
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Yanan Chen
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Bin Gu
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Paul Westerhoff
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5306, USA
| | - David Hanigan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557-0258, USA
| | - Pierre Herckes
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1604, USA
| | - Natalia Fischer
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5306, USA
| | - Samantha Donovan
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1604, USA
| | - Jean Philippe Croue
- Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ariel Atkinson
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5306, USA
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15
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Coward EK, Ohno T, Sparks DL. Direct Evidence for Temporal Molecular Fractionation of Dissolved Organic Matter at the Iron Oxyhydroxide Interface. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:642-650. [PMID: 30525494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
While the importance of organic matter adsorption onto reactive iron-bearing mineral surfaces to carbon stabilization in soils and sediments has been well-established, fundamental understanding of how compounds assemble at the mineral interface remains elusive. Organic matter is thought to layer sequentially onto the mineral surface, forming molecular architecture stratified by bond strength and compound polarity. However, prominent complexation models lack experimental backing, despite the role of such architecture in fractionated, compound-dependent persistence of organic matter and modulating future perturbations in mineral stabilization capacity. Here, we use kinetic assays and ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry under high temporal frequency to directly detect the molecular partitioning of organic matter onto an iron oxyhydroxide during adsorption. We observed three sequential intervals of discrete molecular composition throughout the adsorption reaction, in which rapid primary adsorption of aromatic compounds was followed by secondary lignin-like and tertiary aliphatic compounds. These findings, paired with observed differential fractionation along formulas nitrogen and oxygen content and decreasing selective sorption with reaction time, support "zonal" assembly models. This work presents direct detection of sequential molecular assembly of organic matter at the mineral interface, an important yet abstruse regulator of carbon stabilization and composition across temporal and spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Coward
- Delaware Environmental Institute , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716-7310 , United States
| | - Tsutomu Ohno
- School of Food & Agriculture , University of Maine , Orono , Maine 04469-5763 , United States
| | - Donald L Sparks
- Delaware Environmental Institute , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716-7310 , United States
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16
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Sardana A, Cottrell B, Soulsby D, Aziz TN. Dissolved organic matter processing and photoreactivity in a wastewater treatment constructed wetland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 648:923-934. [PMID: 30144760 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands have the capacity to degrade a host of contaminants of emerging concern through photodegradation via sunlight produced reactive oxygen species. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a critical intermediary in photodegradation as it influences the production of reactive oxygen species. In this study, the photochemical behavior of DOM of wastewater treated in constructed wetlands was characterized. Whole water samples and fractionated DOM were characterized using SUVA254, spectral slope ratios, excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (EEMs), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). Photoreactivity was assessed by measuring formation rates and steady state concentrations of hydroxyl radical (•OH), singlet oxygen (1O2), and the triplet excited states of DOM (3DOM⁎). The effluent was observed to transition from a microbially sourced protein-like DOM to a terrestrial DOM with higher aromaticity. Size exclusion chromatography revealed an 18% increase in larger molecular weight fractions of vegetated wetland effluent DOM. Additionally, wetland effluent DOM was observed to have a 32% increase in the aromatic region of 1H NMR spectra as compared to untreated wastewater. 1H NMR analysis also indicated an increase in the complexity of wetland effluent DOM. Fluorescence intensity fraction of the protein-like Peak T (Ex/Em:278/342 nm) of EEMs decreased by 16% from the untreated wastewater to wetland effluent. A negative correlation between the percent fluorescence of Peak T (Ex/Em:278/342 nm) and Peaks A (Ex/Em:245/460 nm), C (Ex/Em:336/435 nm), and M (Ex/Em:312/400 nm) of the excitation emission spectra confirmed the transition from a spectrum of pure wastewater to a spectrum characteristic of terrestrially derived DOM. Microbial uptake of bio-labile DOM and leaching of humic like substances from vegetated wetland cells were the predominant processes involved in this transition. This transition coincided with an increase in the formation rates of 1O2 and 3DOM⁎ and in the steady state concentration of 1O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpit Sardana
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, 208 Mann Hall, 2501 Stinson Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695-7908, United States
| | - Barbara Cottrell
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, United States
| | - David Soulsby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Redlands, Redlands CA, 92374, United States
| | - Tarek N Aziz
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, 208 Mann Hall, 2501 Stinson Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695-7908, United States.
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17
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13C quantification in heterogeneous multiphase natural samples by CMP-NMR using stepped decoupling. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:7055-7065. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1306-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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18
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Prietzel J, Müller S, Kögel-Knabner I, Thieme J, Jaye C, Fischer D. Comparison of soil organic carbon speciation using C NEXAFS and CPMAS 13C NMR spectroscopy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 628-629:906-918. [PMID: 29455140 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We compared synchrotron-based C near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and CPMAS 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy with respect to their precision and accuracy to quantify different organic carbon (OC) species in defined mixtures of soil organic matter source compounds. We also used both methods to quantify different OC species in organic surface horizons of a Histic Leptosol as well as in mineral topsoil and subsoil horizons of two soils with different parent material, stage of pedogenesis, and OC content (Cambisol: 15-30 OC mgg-1, Podzol: 0.9-7 OC mgg-1). CPMAS 13C NMR spectroscopy was more accurate and precise (mean recovery of different C functional groups 96-103%) than C NEXAFS spectroscopy (mean recovery 92-113%). For organic surface and topsoil samples, NMR spectroscopy consistently yielded larger O-alkyl C percentages and smaller alkyl C percentages than C NEXAFS spectroscopy. For the Cambisol subsoil samples both methods performed well and showed similar C speciation results. NEXAFS spectroscopy yielded excellent spectra with a high signal-to-noise ratio also for OC-poor Podzol subsoil samples, whereas this was not the case for CPMAS 13C NMR spectroscopy even after sample treatment with HF. Our results confirm the analytical power of CPMAS 13C NMR spectroscopy for a reliable quantitative OC speciation in soils with >10mgOCg-1. Moreover, they highlight the potential of synchrotron-based C NEXAFS spectroscopy as fast, non-invasive method to semi-quantify different C functional groups in soils with low C content (0.9-10mgg-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Prietzel
- Chair of Soil Science, Dept. of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Munich University of Technology, Emil-Ramann-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Svenja Müller
- Chair of Soil Science, Dept. of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Munich University of Technology, Emil-Ramann-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Ingrid Kögel-Knabner
- Chair of Soil Science, Dept. of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Munich University of Technology, Emil-Ramann-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Jürgen Thieme
- NSLS II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Cherno Jaye
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Daniel Fischer
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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19
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Audette Y, O'Halloran IP, Nowell PM, Dyer R, Kelly R, Voroney RP. Speciation of Phosphorus from Agricultural Muck Soils to Stream and Lake Sediments. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2018; 47:884-892. [PMID: 30025054 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2018.02.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The nature and management of agricultural soils can influence the forms of legacy P present in affected sediments; however, few studies have specifically characterized P in sediments affected by polder agriculture. In this study, the speciation of P as it flows from the muck soils of the Holland Marsh to the sediments of the West Holland River and Lake Simcoe, Ontario, Canada, was investigated. The distribution of P fractions and the characterization of organic P were analyzed by the sequential fractionation method and solution P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, respectively. Organic P was the predominant P form (∼58% of total P) in muck soils, whereas the redox-sensitive P fraction was predominant in surface stream sediments rich in organic matter (∼41-48% of total P), despite these sediments exhibiting near-neutral pH and high concentrations of both Ca and P. The proportion of relatively recalcitrant organic P forms was much greater in the muck soils than that exhibited by both stream and lake sediments. The decreasing proportion of recalcitrant organic P forms in sediments downstream from the Holland Marsh indicated the potential for faster organic P cycling. Our findings support the notion that diesters and pyrophosphate should be monitored, in addition to loosely bound inorganic P, due to their potential impact on water quality. The unique environment of the streams and lake area is considered to be particularly vulnerable to excessive fertilizer P use in adjacent croplands.
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20
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Tabatabaei Anaraki M, Dutta Majumdar R, Wagner N, Soong R, Kovacevic V, Reiner EJ, Bhavsar SP, Ortiz Almirall X, Lane D, Simpson MJ, Heumann H, Schmidt S, Simpson AJ. Development and Application of a Low-Volume Flow System for Solution-State in Vivo NMR. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7912-7921. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Tabatabaei Anaraki
- Department of Physical and Environment Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4
| | - Rudraksha Dutta Majumdar
- Department of Physical and Environment Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4
| | - Nicole Wagner
- Department of Physical and Environment Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4
| | - Ronald Soong
- Department of Physical and Environment Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4
| | - Vera Kovacevic
- Department of Physical and Environment Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4
| | - Eric J. Reiner
- Department of Physical and Environment Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4
- Ministry of Environment and Climate Change, Toronto, Ontario M9P 3V6, Canada
| | | | | | - Daniel Lane
- Department of Physical and Environment Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4
| | - Myrna J. Simpson
- Department of Physical and Environment Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | | | | | - André J. Simpson
- Department of Physical and Environment Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
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21
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Sevastos A, Kalampokis IF, Panagiotopoulou A, Pelecanou M, Aliferis KA. Implication of Fusarium graminearum primary metabolism in its resistance to benzimidazole fungicides as revealed by 1H NMR metabolomics. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 148:50-61. [PMID: 29891377 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fungal metabolomics is a field of high potential but yet largely unexploited. Focusing on plant-pathogenic fungi, no metabolomics studies exist on their resistance to fungicides, which represents a major issue that the agrochemical and agricultural sectors are facing. Fungal infections cause quantitative, but also qualitative yield losses, especially in the case of mycotoxin-producing species. The aim of the study was to correlate metabolic changes in Fusarium graminearum strains' metabolomes with their carbendazim-resistant level and discover corresponding metabolites-biomarkers, with primary focus on its primary metabolism. For this purpose, comparative 1H NMR metabolomics was applied to a wild-type and four carbendazim-resistant Fusarium graminearum strains following or not exposure to the fungicide. Results showed an excellent discrimination between the strains based on their carbendazim-resistance following exposure to low concentration of the fungicide (2 mg L-1). Both genotype and fungicide treatments had a major impact on fungal metabolism. Among the signatory metabolites, a positive correlation was discovered between the content of F. graminearum strains in amino acids of the aromatic and pyruvate families, l-glutamate, l-proline, l-serine, pyroglutamate, and succinate and their carbendazim-resistance level. In contrary, their content in l-glutamine and l-threonine, had a negative correlation. Many of these metabolites play important roles in fungal physiology and responses to stresses. This work represents a proof-of-concept of the applicability of 1H NMR metabolomics for high-throughput screening of fungal mutations leading to fungicide resistance, and the study of its biochemical basis, focusing on the involvement of primary metabolism. Results could be further exploited in programs of resistance monitoring, genetic engineering, and crop protection for combating fungal resistance to fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sevastos
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - I F Kalampokis
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - A Panagiotopoulou
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - M Pelecanou
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - K A Aliferis
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada.
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22
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Bastawrous M, Jenne A, Tabatabaei Anaraki M, Simpson AJ. In-Vivo NMR Spectroscopy: A Powerful and Complimentary Tool for Understanding Environmental Toxicity. Metabolites 2018; 8:E35. [PMID: 29795000 PMCID: PMC6027203 DOI: 10.3390/metabo8020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Part review, part perspective, this article examines the applications and potential of in-vivo Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) for understanding environmental toxicity. In-vivo NMR can be applied in high field NMR spectrometers using either magic angle spinning based approaches, or flow systems. Solution-state NMR in combination with a flow system provides a low stress approach to monitor dissolved metabolites, while magic angle spinning NMR allows the detection of all components (solutions, gels and solids), albeit with additional stress caused by the rapid sample spinning. With in-vivo NMR it is possible to use the same organisms for control and exposure studies (controls are the same organisms prior to exposure inside the NMR). As such individual variability can be reduced while continual data collection over time provides the temporal resolution required to discern complex interconnected response pathways. When multidimensional NMR is combined with isotopic labelling, a wide range of metabolites can be identified in-vivo providing a unique window into the living metabolome that is highly complementary to more traditional metabolomics studies employing extracts, tissues, or biofluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Bastawrous
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.
| | - Amy Jenne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.
| | - Maryam Tabatabaei Anaraki
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.
| | - André J Simpson
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.
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23
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Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Mixtures Using Diffusion-Ordered NMR Spectroscopy and Adsorption by Powdered Activated Carbon and Biochar. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11040460. [PMID: 29561761 PMCID: PMC5951306 DOI: 10.3390/ma11040460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air and water sources is a key part of environmental chemistry research, since most PAHs are well known to be associated with negative health impacts on humans. This study explores an approach for analyzing PAH mixtures with advanced nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic techniques including high-resolution one-dimensional (1D) NMR spectroscopy and diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY NMR). With this method, different kinds of PAHs can be detected and differentiated from a mixture with high resolution. The adsorption process of PAH mixtures by PAC and biochar was studied to understand the mechanism and assess the method.
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24
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Kikuchi J, Ito K, Date Y. Environmental metabolomics with data science for investigating ecosystem homeostasis. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 104:56-88. [PMID: 29405981 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A natural ecosystem can be viewed as the interconnections between complex metabolic reactions and environments. Humans, a part of these ecosystems, and their activities strongly affect the environments. To account for human effects within ecosystems, understanding what benefits humans receive by facilitating the maintenance of environmental homeostasis is important. This review describes recent applications of several NMR approaches to the evaluation of environmental homeostasis by metabolic profiling and data science. The basic NMR strategy used to evaluate homeostasis using big data collection is similar to that used in human health studies. Sophisticated metabolomic approaches (metabolic profiling) are widely reported in the literature. Further challenges include the analysis of complex macromolecular structures, and of the compositions and interactions of plant biomass, soil humic substances, and aqueous particulate organic matter. To support the study of these topics, we also discuss sample preparation techniques and solid-state NMR approaches. Because NMR approaches can produce a number of data with high reproducibility and inter-institution compatibility, further analysis of such data using machine learning approaches is often worthwhile. We also describe methods for data pretreatment in solid-state NMR and for environmental feature extraction from heterogeneously-measured spectroscopic data by machine learning approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kikuchi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-0810, Japan.
| | - Kengo Ito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Date
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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25
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Zhang W, Jin X, Tang W, Shan B. Overestimation of orthophosphate monoesters in lake sediment by solution 31P-NMR analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:25469-25474. [PMID: 28965210 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0211-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-NMR) is a useful method for analyzing organic phosphorus (Po). Unfortunately, the extraction conditions, which are highly alkaline and require long extraction times, make this analysis less effective. In this research, according to the lability of orthophosphate monoesters (mono-Po) and orthophosphate diesters (diesters-Po), we verified the hypothesized overestimation of mono-Po in lake sediment using solution 31P-NMR. We set three scenes to redistribute the mono-Po and diesters-Po. Six components, including eight mono-Po species, were detected in the NaOH-EDTA extracts of sediment samples using 31P-NMR. The results showed that mono-Po (212.7 mg kg-1) was the dominant Po in the surface sediment. In the three scenes, mono-Po decreased from 212.7 to 112.0 mg kg-1, and diesters-Po increased from 31.9 to 132.7 mg kg-1. The ratio of mono-Po to diesters-Po increased from 6.7 to 0.8. Therefore, we deduced that the concentration of mono-Po was overestimated, while that of diesters-Po was underestimated, in most research because of the high pH and long extraction process. Diesters-Po might be an important labile P source during the P "exhausted" period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenzhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Baoqing Shan
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China.
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26
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Bacterial Substrate Transformation Tracked by Stable-Isotope-Guided NMR Metabolomics: Application in a Natural Aquatic Microbial Community. Metabolites 2017; 7:metabo7040052. [PMID: 29048351 PMCID: PMC5746732 DOI: 10.3390/metabo7040052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The transformation of organic substrates by heterotrophic bacteria in aquatic environments constitutes one of the key processes in global material cycles. The development of procedures that would enable us to track the wide range of organic compounds transformed by aquatic bacteria would greatly improve our understanding of material cycles. In this study, we examined the applicability of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy coupled with stable-isotope labeling to the investigation of metabolite transformation in a natural aquatic bacterial community. The addition of a model substrate (13C6–glucose) to a coastal seawater sample and subsequent incubation resulted in the detection of >200 peaks and the assignment of 22 metabolites from various chemical classes, including amino acids, dipeptides, organic acids, nucleosides, nucleobases, and amino alcohols, which had been identified as transformed from the 13C6–glucose. Additional experiments revealed large variability in metabolite transformation and the key compounds, showing the bacterial accumulation of glutamate over the incubation period, and that of 3-hydroxybutyrate with increasing concentrations of 13C6–glucose added. These results suggest the potential ability of our approach to track substrate transformation in aquatic bacterial communities. Further applications of this procedure may provide substantial insights into the metabolite dynamics in aquatic environments.
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Large perturbations in CO 2 flux and subsequent chemosynthesis are induced in agricultural soil by the addition of elemental sulfur. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4732. [PMID: 28680102 PMCID: PMC5498539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04934-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbial contribution to soil organic matter has been shown to be much larger than previously thought and thus it plays a major role in carbon cycling. Among soil microorganisms, chemoautotrophs can fix CO2 without sunlight and can glean energy through the oxidation of reduced elements such as sulfur. Here we show that the addition of sulfur to soil results in an initial surge in production of CO2 through microbial respiration, followed by an order of magnitude increase in the capture of carbon from the atmosphere as elemental sulfur is oxidised to sulfate. Thiobacillus spp., take advantage of specific conditions to become the dominant chemoautotrophic group that consumes CO2. We discern the direct incorporation of atmospheric carbon into soil carbohydrate, protein and aliphatic compounds and differentiate these from existing biomass. These results suggest that chemoautotrophs can play a large role in carbon cycling and that this carbon is heavily influenced by land management practises.
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Huang Y, Cao S, Yang Y, Cai S, Zhan H, Tan C, Lin L, Zhang Z, Chen Z. Ultrahigh-Resolution NMR Spectroscopy for Rapid Chemical and Biological Applications in Inhomogeneous Magnetic Fields. Anal Chem 2017; 89:7115-7122. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Huang
- Department of Electronic
Science, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Shuohui Cao
- Department of Electronic
Science, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Electronic
Science, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Shuhui Cai
- Department of Electronic
Science, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Haolin Zhan
- Department of Electronic
Science, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Chunhua Tan
- Department of Electronic
Science, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Liangjie Lin
- Department of Electronic
Science, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Electronic
Science, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Electronic
Science, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
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Fugariu I, Bermel W, Lane D, Soong R, Simpson AJ. In-Phase Ultra High-Resolution In Vivo NMR. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:6324-6328. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Fugariu
- Dept. of Chemistry and Dept. Phys. Env. Sci.; University of Toronto at Scarborough; 1265 Military Trail Scarborough ON M1C 1A4 Canada
| | - Wolfgang Bermel
- Bruker Biospin GmbH; Silberstreifen 4 76287 Rheinstetten Germany
| | - Daniel Lane
- Dept. of Chemistry and Dept. Phys. Env. Sci.; University of Toronto at Scarborough; 1265 Military Trail Scarborough ON M1C 1A4 Canada
| | - Ronald Soong
- Dept. of Chemistry and Dept. Phys. Env. Sci.; University of Toronto at Scarborough; 1265 Military Trail Scarborough ON M1C 1A4 Canada
| | - Andre J. Simpson
- Dept. of Chemistry and Dept. Phys. Env. Sci.; University of Toronto at Scarborough; 1265 Military Trail Scarborough ON M1C 1A4 Canada
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30
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Fugariu I, Bermel W, Lane D, Soong R, Simpson AJ. In-Phase Ultra High-Resolution In Vivo NMR. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Fugariu
- Dept. of Chemistry and Dept. Phys. Env. Sci.; University of Toronto at Scarborough; 1265 Military Trail Scarborough ON M1C 1A4 Canada
| | - Wolfgang Bermel
- Bruker Biospin GmbH; Silberstreifen 4 76287 Rheinstetten Germany
| | - Daniel Lane
- Dept. of Chemistry and Dept. Phys. Env. Sci.; University of Toronto at Scarborough; 1265 Military Trail Scarborough ON M1C 1A4 Canada
| | - Ronald Soong
- Dept. of Chemistry and Dept. Phys. Env. Sci.; University of Toronto at Scarborough; 1265 Military Trail Scarborough ON M1C 1A4 Canada
| | - Andre J. Simpson
- Dept. of Chemistry and Dept. Phys. Env. Sci.; University of Toronto at Scarborough; 1265 Military Trail Scarborough ON M1C 1A4 Canada
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31
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Courtier-Murias D, Michel E, Rodts S, Lafolie F. Novel Experimental-Modeling Approach for Characterizing Perfluorinated Surfactants in Soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:2602-2610. [PMID: 28165731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination is still poorly understood and modeled in part because of the difficulties of looking inside the "black box" constituted by soils. Here, we investigated the application of a recently developed 1H NMR technique to 19F NMR relaxometry experiments and utilized the results as inputs for an existing model. This novel approach yields 19F T2 NMR relaxation values of any fluorinated contaminant, which are among the most dangerous contaminants, allowing us to noninvasively and directly monitor their fate in soils. Using this protocol, we quantified the amount of a fluorinated xenobiotic (heptafluorobutyric acid, HFBA) in three different environments in soil aggregate packings and monitored contaminant exchange dynamics between these compartments. A model computing HFBA partition dynamics between different soil compartments showed that these three environments corresponded to HFBA in solution (i) between and (ii) inside the soil aggregates and (iii) to HFBA adsorbed to (or strongly interacting with) the soil constituents. In addition to providing a straightforward way of determining the sorption kinetics of any fluorinated contaminant, this work also highlights the strengths of a combined experimental-modeling approach to unambiguously understand experimental data and more generally to study contaminant fate in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Courtier-Murias
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Navier (ENPC-IFSTTAR-CNRS), 77420 Champs-sur-Marne, France
| | - Eric Michel
- EMMAH, INRA, Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 84000 Avignon, France
| | - Stéphane Rodts
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Navier (ENPC-IFSTTAR-CNRS), 77420 Champs-sur-Marne, France
| | - François Lafolie
- EMMAH, INRA, Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 84000 Avignon, France
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32
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A network perspective reveals decreasing material diversity in studies on nanoparticle interactions with dissolved organic matter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E1756-E1765. [PMID: 28223482 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1608106114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) strongly influences the properties and fate of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in aquatic environments. There is an extensive body of experiments on interactions between DOM and ENPs and also larger particles. [We denote particles on the nano- and micrometer scale as particulate matter (PM).] However, the experimental results are very heterogeneous, and a general mechanistic understanding of DOM-PM interactions is still missing. In this situation, recent reviews have called to expand the range of DOM and ENPs studied. Therefore, our work focuses on the diversity of the DOM and PM types investigated. Because the experimental results reported in the literature are highly disparate and difficult to structure, a new format of organizing, visualizing, and interpreting the results is needed. To this end, we perform a network analysis of 951 experimental results on DOM-PM interactions, which enabled us to analyze and quantify the diversity of the materials investigated. The diversity of the DOM-PM combinations studied has mostly been decreasing over the last 25 y, which is driven by an increasing focus on several frequently investigated materials, such as DOM isolated from fresh water, DOM in whole-water samples, and TiO2 and silver PM. Furthermore, there is an underrepresentation of studies into the effect of particle coating on PM-DOM interactions. Finally, it is of great importance that the properties of DOM used in experiments with PM, in particular the molecular weight and the content of aromatic and aliphatic carbon, are reported more comprehensively and systematically.
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33
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Kikuchi J, Yamada S. NMR window of molecular complexity showing homeostasis in superorganisms. Analyst 2017; 142:4161-4172. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an01019b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
NMR offers tremendous advantages in the analyses of molecular complexity. The “big-data” are produced during the acquisition of fingerprints that must be stored and shared for posterior analysis and verifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kikuchi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
- Yokohama
- Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences
- Nagoya University
| | - Shunji Yamada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
- Yokohama
- Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences
- Nagoya University
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34
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Crecelius AC, Vitz J, Näthe K, Meyer S, Michalzik B, Schubert US. Effect of ecosystem type and fire on chemistry of WEOM as measured by LDI-TOF-MS and NMR. Talanta 2017; 162:589-596. [PMID: 27837876 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Soil organic matter (SOM) and its water-soluble components play an important role in terrestrial carbon cycling and associated ecosystem functions. Chemically, they are complex mixtures of organic compounds derived from decomposing plant material, microbial residues, as well as root exudates, and soil biota. To test the effect of the ecosystem type (forest and grassland) and fires events on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM), we applied a combination of laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) and 2D (1H and 13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from a range of top soil samples. The aim was to assess the suitability of LDI-TOF-MS for the rapid characterization of WEOM. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of sample (pH and dilution) conditions and use of positive or negative reflector mode to identify the conditions under which LDI-TOF-MS best distinguished between WEOM from different sources. Thirty-six samples were measured with both analytical techniques and their chemical patterns were statistically evaluated to distinguish firstly the effect of the type of ecosystem (forest versus grassland) on WEOM characteristics, and secondly the impact of fire on the chemical composition of WEOM. The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis of the most suitable experimental LDI-TOF-MS conditions showed a clear separation between the type of vegetation and fire-induced changes, mostly reflecting the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) in grassland soils. Discrimination among WEOM from different vegetation types was preserved in the fire treated samples. The calculation of the relative abundance of certain functional structures in the WEOM samples revealed a common composition of forest and grassland WEOM, with polysaccharides and proteins making up to 60%. The compositional impact of forest fire on WEOM was more pronounced compared to the one of grassland, leading to a decline in the main components, and an increase in amino-sugars, fatty acids, and sterols. The recorded 1H NMR and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra showed a decrease of the carbohydrate signal in WEOM from fire-treated samples, which was more pronounced in forest than in grassland soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Crecelius
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Vitz
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Kerstin Näthe
- Institute of Geography, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefanie Meyer
- Institute of Geography, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Beate Michalzik
- Institute of Geography, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
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35
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Fugariu I, Soong R, Lane D, Fey M, Maas W, Vincent F, Beck A, Schmidig D, Treanor B, Simpson AJ. Towards single egg toxicity screening using microcoil NMR. Analyst 2017; 142:4812-4824. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an01339f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Planar NMR microcoils are evaluated, their application to single eggs is demonstrated, and their potential for studying smaller single cells is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Fugariu
- Dept. of Chemistry and Dept. Phys. Env. Sci
- University of Toronto at Scarborough
- Scarborough
- Canada
| | - R. Soong
- Dept. of Chemistry and Dept. Phys. Env. Sci
- University of Toronto at Scarborough
- Scarborough
- Canada
| | - D. Lane
- Dept. of Chemistry and Dept. Phys. Env. Sci
- University of Toronto at Scarborough
- Scarborough
- Canada
| | - M. Fey
- Bruker Biospin
- Billerica
- USA
| | | | | | - A. Beck
- Bruker Biospin
- 8117 Fällanden
- Switzerland
| | | | - B. Treanor
- Dept. of Biological Science
- University of Toronto at Scarborough
- Scarborough
- Canada
| | - A. J. Simpson
- Dept. of Chemistry and Dept. Phys. Env. Sci
- University of Toronto at Scarborough
- Scarborough
- Canada
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36
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Dvorski SEM, Gonsior M, Hertkorn N, Uhl J, Müller H, Griebler C, Schmitt-Kopplin P. Geochemistry of Dissolved Organic Matter in a Spatially Highly Resolved Groundwater Petroleum Hydrocarbon Plume Cross-Section. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:5536-46. [PMID: 27152868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
At numerous groundwater sites worldwide, natural dissolved organic matter (DOM) is quantitatively complemented with petroleum hydrocarbons. To date, research has been focused almost exclusively on the contaminants, but detailed insights of the interaction of contaminant biodegradation, dominant redox processes, and interactions with natural DOM are missing. This study linked on-site high resolution spatial sampling of groundwater with high resolution molecular characterization of DOM and its relation to groundwater geochemistry across a petroleum hydrocarbon plume cross-section. Electrospray- and atmospheric pressure photoionization (ESI, APPI) ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) revealed a strong interaction between DOM and reactive sulfur species linked to microbial sulfate reduction, i.e., the key redox process involved in contaminant biodegradation. Excitation emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy in combination with Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) modeling attributed DOM samples to specific contamination traits. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy evaluated the aromatic compounds and their degradation products in samples influenced by the petroleum contamination and its biodegradation. Our orthogonal high resolution analytical approach enabled a comprehensive molecular level understanding of the DOM with respect to in situ petroleum hydrocarbon biodegradation and microbial sulfate reduction. The role of natural DOM as potential cosubstrate and detoxification reactant may improve future bioremediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine E-M Dvorski
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health , Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Gonsior
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science , Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons, Maryland 20688, United States
| | - Norbert Hertkorn
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health , Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Uhl
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health , Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Müller
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health , Institute of Groundwater Ecology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Griebler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health , Institute of Groundwater Ecology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health , Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München , Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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37
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Zhang W, Jin X, Rong N, Li J, Shan B. Organic matter and pH affect the analysis efficiency of (31)P-NMR. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 43:244-249. [PMID: 27155430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Solution (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((31)P-NMR) is a useful method to analyze organic phosphorus (Po), but a general procedure for the analysis method is lacking. The authors used solution (31)P-NMR, which was found to be an effective method for analysis of Po in Haihe River sediment, to analyze the Po in the surface sediment in Eastern China at the regional scale, and found that the NaOH-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) extraction rate was affected by environmental factors. At the regional scale, the extraction rate showed a positive relationship with loss on ignition, when the extraction rate was lower than 60%. The extraction rate had no relationship with the loss on ignition when the extraction rate was higher than 60%. The extraction rate showed a negative relationship with pH, which means that the extraction rate was higher in acidic sediment and lower in alkaline sediment. The ratio of TC/TN (the ratio of total carbon to total nitrogen) was considered to represent the origin of organic matter in the sediment. The extraction rate was high when the TC/TN ratio was lower than 20, meanwhile the extraction rate decreased as the TC/TN ratio increased. The results show that the origin of organic matter in sediment significantly affects the NaOH-EDTA extraction rate. This study will give theoretical support for building an effective and general solution (31)P-NMR analysis method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nan Rong
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baoqing Shan
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China.
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38
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Bubici S, Korb JP, Kučerik J, Conte P. Evaluation of the surface affinity of water in three biochars using fast field cycling NMR relaxometry. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2016; 54:365-370. [PMID: 27062147 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Many soil functions depend on the interaction of water with soil. The affinity of water for soils can be altered by applying soil amendments like stone meal, manure, or biochar (a carbonaceous material obtained by pyrolysis of biomasses). In fact, the addition of hydrophobic biochar to soil may increase soil repellency, reduce water-adsorbing capacity, inhibit microbial activity, alter soil filter, buffer, storage, and transformation functions. For this reason, it is of paramount importance to monitor water affinity for biochar surface (also referred to as 'wettability') in order to better address its applications in soil systems. In this study, we propose the use of fast field cycling NMR relaxometry technique with the application of a new mathematical model for data interpretation, as a valid alternative to the traditional contact angle (CA) measurements for biochar wettability evaluation. Either NMR or CA results revealed the same wettability trend for the biochars studied here. The advantage of NMR relaxometry over CA measurements lies in the possibility to obtain at the microscopic level a variety of different information in only one shot. In fact, while CA provides only wettability evaluation, NMR relaxometry also allows achievement of the mechanisms for water molecular dynamics on biochar surface, thereby leading to the possibility to understand better, in future research, the role of biochar in increasing soil quality and plant nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Bubici
- Stelar srl, 27035, Mede, PV, Italy
- JEOL (ITALIA) S.p.A., Palazzo Pacinotti-Milano 3 City, Via Ludovico il Moro 6/A, 20080, Basiglio, MI, Italy
| | - Jean-Pierre Korb
- Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique-CNRS, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Jiří Kučerik
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Soil and Environmental Chemistry, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, 76829, Germany
| | - Pellegrino Conte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128, Palermo, Italy
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Santos ADDC, Bliumkin L, Masoom H, Soong R, Barison A, Simpson AJ. Spectral background from commercially available D2 O: an important consideration for trace analysis using cryoprobes. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2016; 54:377-381. [PMID: 26858015 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan D da C Santos
- NMR Center, Federal University of Paraná, CP 19081, 81530-900, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Liora Bliumkin
- Environmental NMR Centre, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Canada, MIC1A4
| | - Hussain Masoom
- Environmental NMR Centre, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Canada, MIC1A4
| | - Ronald Soong
- Environmental NMR Centre, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Canada, MIC1A4
| | - Andersson Barison
- NMR Center, Federal University of Paraná, CP 19081, 81530-900, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - André J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Canada, MIC1A4
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40
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Batista APS, Teixeira ACSC, Cooper WJ, Cottrell BA. Correlating the chemical and spectroscopic characteristics of natural organic matter with the photodegradation of sulfamerazine. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 93:20-29. [PMID: 26878479 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The role of aquatic natural organic matter (NOM) in the removal of contaminants of emerging concern has been widely studied. Sulfamerazine (SMR), a sulfonamide antibiotic detected in aquatic environments, is implicated in environmental toxicity and may contribute to the resistance of bacteria to antibiotics. In aquatic systems sulfonamides may undergo direct photodegradation, and, indirect photodegradation through the generation of reactive species. Because some forms of NOM inhibit the photodegradation there is an increasing interest in correlating the spectroscopic parameters of NOM as potential indicators of its degradation in natural waters. Under the conditions used in this study, SMR hydrolysis was shown to be negligible; however, direct photolysis is a significant in most of the solutions studied. Photodegradation was investigated using standard solutions of NOM: Suwannee River natural organic matter (SRNOM), Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA), Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA), and Aldrich humic acid (AHA). The steady-state concentrations and formation rates of the reactive species and the SMR degradation rate constants (k1) were correlated with NOM spectroscopic parameters determined using UV-vis absorption, excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR). SMR degradation rate constants (k1) were correlated with steady-state concentrations of NOM triplet-excited state ([(3)NOM(∗)]ss) and the corresponding formation rates ((3)NOM*) for SRNOM, SRHA, and AHA. The efficiency of SMR degradation was highest in AHA solution and was inhibited in solutions of SRFA. The steady-state concentrations of singlet oxygen ([(1)O2]ss) and the SMR degradation rate constants with singlet oxygen (k1O2) were linearly correlated with the total fluorescence and inversely correlated with the carbohydrate/protein content ((1)H NMR) for all forms of NOM. The total fluorescence and EEMs Peak A were confirmed as indicators of (1)O2 formation. Specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254) and aromaticity showed potential correlations with the steady-state concentrations of hydroxyl radical ([HO]ss) and the corresponding formation rates (HO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula S Batista
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 380, travessa 3, São Paulo, SP 05508-010, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Carlos S C Teixeira
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 380, travessa 3, São Paulo, SP 05508-010, Brazil
| | - William J Cooper
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA
| | - Barbara A Cottrell
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA
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Akhter M, Dutta Majumdar R, Fortier-McGill B, Soong R, Liaghati-Mobarhan Y, Simpson M, Arhonditsis G, Schmidt S, Heumann H, Simpson AJ. Identification of aquatically available carbon from algae through solution-state NMR of whole 13C-labelled cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:4357-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9534-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Preston CM. Environmental NMR--the early years. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2015; 53:635-647. [PMID: 25627248 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Preston
- Pacific Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, 506 W. Burnside Rd., Victoria, BC, V8Z 1M5, Canada
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Komatsu T, Kobayashi T, Hatanaka M, Kikuchi J. Profiling planktonic biomass using element-specific, multicomponent nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:7056-62. [PMID: 25973714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Planktonic metabolism plays crucial roles in Earth's elemental cycles. Chemical speciation as well as elemental stoichiometry is important for advancing our understanding of planktonic roles in biogeochemical cycles. In this study, a multicomponent solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) approach is proposed for chemical speciation of cellular components, using several advanced NMR techniques. Measurements by ssNMR were performed on (13)C and (15)N-labeled Euglena gracilis, a flagellated protist. 3D dipolar-assisted rotational resonance, double-cross-polarization (1)H-(13)C correlation spectroscopy, and (1)H-(13)C solid-state heteronuclear single quantum correlation spectroscopy successively allowed characterization of cellular components. These techniques were then applied to E. gracilis cultured in high and low ammonium media to demonstrate the power of this method for profiling and comparing cellular components. Cellular NMR spectra indicated that ammonium induced both paramylon degradation and amination. Arginine was stored as a nitrogen reserve and ammonium replaced by arginine catabolism via the arginine dihydrolase pathway. (15)N and (31)P cellular ssNMR indicated arginine and polyphosphate accumulation in E. gracilis, respectively. This chemical speciation technique will contribute to environmental research by providing detailed information on environmental chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Komatsu
- †RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- ‡Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Toshiya Kobayashi
- ‡Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Minoru Hatanaka
- §Bruker Biospin K. K., 3-9, Moriya-cho, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, 221-0022, Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- †RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- ‡Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- ∥Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences and School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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45
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Ji Z, Dai R, Zhang Z. Characterization of fine particulate matter in ambient air by combining TEM and multiple spectroscopic techniques--NMR, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2015; 17:552-560. [PMID: 25597896 DOI: 10.1039/c4em00678j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a systematic study of the microstructures and spectroscopic characteristics of PM2.5 and its potential sources in Beijing by combining transmission electron microscopy and multiple spectroscopic techniques: nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy. TEM images showed that dominant components of PM2.5 are airborne organic substances with many trace metal elements which are associated with combustion sources. NMR spectra precisely determined the percentage of carbonaceous speciation in both PM2.5 (with spatial and temporal distribution) and its potential sources, and distinguished the similarities and differences among them. In FTIR spectra, a remarkable peak at 1390 cm(-1) that appeared only in PM2.5 samples was attributed to NH4NO3, representing the occurrence of secondary processes. Raman spectra revealed certain inorganic compounds including sulfate and nitrate ions. Based on the analysis of the decomposition of Raman spectra, spectral parameters provided structural information and helped to find potential sources of PM2.5. In the space of carbon aromaticity index and ID1/IG, PM2.5 points followed a linear distribution which may also be useful in source tracing. The result shows that the combined non-destructive methods are efficient to trace the sources of PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhurun Ji
- School of The Gifted Young, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Li W, Liu D, Wu J, Kim C, Fortner JD. Aqueous aggregation and surface deposition processes of engineered superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for environmental applications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:11892-11900. [PMID: 25222070 DOI: 10.1021/es502174p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Engineered, superparamagnetic, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have significant potential as platform materials for environmental sensing, imaging and remediation due to their unique size, physicochemical and magnetic properties. To this end, controlling the size and surface chemistry of the materials is crucial for such applications in the aqueous phase, and in particular, for porous matrixes with particle-surface interaction considerations. In this study, superparamagnetic, highly monodispersed 8 nm IONPs were synthesized and transferred into water as stable suspensions (remaining monodispersed) by way of an interfacial oleic acid bilayer surface. Once stabilized and characterized, particle-particle and model surface interactions (deposition and release) were quantitatively investigated and described systematically as a function of ionic strength (IS) and type with time-resolved dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, and real-time quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) measurements. The critical coagulation concentration (CCC) for oleic acid bilayer coated iron oxide nanoparticles (OA-IONPs) were determined to be 710 mM for NaCl (matching DLVO predictions) and 10.6 mM for CaCl2, respectively. For all conditions tested, surface deposition kinetics showed stronger, more favorable interactions between OA-IONPs and polystyrene surfaces compared to silica, which is hypothesized to be due to increased particle-surface hydrophobic interactions (when compared to silica surfaces).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlu Li
- Department of Energy, Environmental, and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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Minor EC, Swenson MM, Mattson BM, Oyler AR. Structural characterization of dissolved organic matter: a review of current techniques for isolation and analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2014; 16:2064-79. [PMID: 24668418 DOI: 10.1039/c4em00062e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Natural dissolved organic matter (DOM) in aquatic systems plays many environmental roles: providing building blocks and energy for aquatic biota, acting as a sunscreen in surface water, and interacting with anthropogenic compounds to affect their ultimate fate in the environment. Such interactions are a function of DOM composition, which is difficult to ascertain due to its heterogeneity and the co-occurring matrix effects in most aquatic samples. This review focuses on current approaches to the chemical structural characterization of DOM, ranging from those applicable to bulk samples and in situ analyses (UV-visible spectrophotometry and fluorescence spectroscopy) through the concentration/isolation of DOM followed by the application of one or more analytical techniques, to the detailed separation and analysis of individual compounds or compound classes. Also provided is a brief overview of the main techniques used to characterize isolated DOM: mass spectrometry (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance mass spectrometry (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Minor
- Large Lakes Observatory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, RLB 211, 2205 East 5th St, Duluth, MN 55812, USA.
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Chalbot MCG, Kavouras IG. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the functional content of organic aerosols: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 191:232-249. [PMID: 24861958 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge deficit of organic aerosol (OA) composition has been identified as the most important factor limiting our understanding of the atmospheric fate and implications of aerosol. The efforts to chemically characterize OA include the increasing utilization of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Since 1998, the functional composition of different types, sizes and fractions of OA has been studied with one-dimensional, two-dimensional and solid state proton and carbon-13 NMR. This led to the use of functional group ratios to reconcile the most important sources of OA, including secondary organic aerosol and initial source apportionment using positive matrix factorization. Future research efforts may be directed towards the optimization of experimental parameters, detailed NMR experiments and analysis by pattern recognition methods to identify the chemical components, determination of the NMR fingerprints of OA sources and solid state NMR to study the content of OA as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Cecile G Chalbot
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR 72205-7199, USA.
| | - Ilias G Kavouras
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR 72205-7199, USA
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Pautler BG, Colla CA, Johnson RL, Klavins P, Harley SJ, Ohlin CA, Sverjensky DA, Walton JH, Casey WH. A High-Pressure NMR Probe for Aqueous Geochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9788-91. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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Pautler BG, Colla CA, Johnson RL, Klavins P, Harley SJ, Ohlin CA, Sverjensky DA, Walton JH, Casey WH. A High-Pressure NMR Probe for Aqueous Geochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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