1
|
Cai S, Zhang X, Chen S, Peng S, Sun T, Zhang Y, Yang P, Chai H, Wang D, Zhang W. Solid-liquid redistribution and degradation of antibiotics during hydrothermal treatment of sewage sludge: Interaction between biopolymers and antibiotics. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 258:121759. [PMID: 38754299 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Waste activated sludge serves an important reservoir for antibiotics within wastewater treatment plants, and understanding the occurrence and evolution of antibiotics during sludge treatment is crucial to mitigate the potential risks of subsequent resource utilization of sludge. This study explores the degradation and transformation mechanisms of three typical antibiotics, oxytetracycline (OTC), ofloxacin (OFL), and azithromycin (AZI) during sludge hydrothermal treatment (HT), and investigates the influence of biopolymers transformation on the fate of these antibiotics. The findings indicate that HT induces a shift of antibiotics from solid-phase adsorption to liquid-phase dissolution in the initial temperature range of 25-90 °C, underscoring this phase's critical role in preparing antibiotics for subsequent degradation phases. Proteins (PN) and humic acids emerge as crucial for antibiotic binding, facilitating their redistribution within sludge. Specifically, the binding capacity sequence of biopolymers to antibiotics is as follows: OFL>OTC>AZI, highlighting that OFL-biopolymers display stronger electrostatic attraction, more available adsorption sites, and more stable binding strength. Furthermore, antibiotic degradation mainly occurs above 90 °C, with AZI being the most temperature-sensitive, degrading 92.97% at 180 °C, followed by OTC (91.26%) and OFL (52.51%). Concurrently, the degradation products of biopolymers compete for active sites to form novel amino acid-antibiotic conjugates, which inhibits the further degradation of antibiotics. These findings illuminate the effects of biopolymers evolution on intricate dynamics of antibiotics fate in sludge HT and are helpful to optimize the sludge HT process for effective antibiotics abatement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siying Cai
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Shuaiyu Chen
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Sainan Peng
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Tong Sun
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Peng Yang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, China
| | - Hongxiang Chai
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of environmental engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Oh DY, Kim D, Park KY. Comparison of pyrolysis gasification of livestock manure, food wastewater, and their co-digested sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:142007. [PMID: 38631497 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
For energy recovery, anaerobic digestion is applied to organic waste, such as livestock manure (LM) and food wastewater (FW). Digested sludge(DS), a residue from the anaerobic co-digestion of LM and FW, is another type of organic waste that can be converted into energy through pyrolysis. This study compared the pyrolysis characteristics of LM, FW, and DS. The product content varied with the pyrolysis temperature, rate of temperature increase, reaction time, and final reaction temperature. Gas production from FW and DS was similar; however, gas production from LM was low. As the pyrolysis temperature increased, the H2 content increased, and the CO2 content decreased, respectively. At 1000 °C, the H2 content of LM increased to 45%, and FW produced the most gas but the lowest H2 content. The H2/CO ratios of LM and FW ranged from 3.5 to 5.2, while those of DS ranged from 5.5 to 12.4, with the highest values. The carbon conversion rate was the highest for the gaseous products of LM (30-54%) and lowest for the gaseous products of digested sludge (26-36%). Conversely, the cold gas efficiency was the highest for the DS and lowest for the LM. Following anaerobic digestion, the DS generated less tar than the untreated LM and FW, showed higher efficiency in gas generation and gas properties, and exhibited a higher value as a char fuel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doo Young Oh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Daegi Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mokpo National University, 1666, Yeongsan-ro, Cheonggye-myeon, Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Young Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hou C, Zhou C, Li N, Song Y, You X, Zhao J, Zhou X, Shen Z, Zhang Y. Interaction Effects between the Main Components of Protein-Rich Biomass during Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:7826-7837. [PMID: 38653213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The interaction effects between the main components (proteins (P), carbohydrates (C), and lipids (L)) of protein-rich biomass during microwave-assisted pyrolysis were investigated in depth with an exploration of individual pyrolysis and copyrolysis (PC, PL, and CL) of model compounds. The average heating rate of P was higher than those of C and L, and the interactions in all copyrolysis groups reduced the max instant heating rate. The synergistic extent (S) of PC and PL for bio-oil yield was 16.78 and 18.24%, respectively, indicating that the interactions promoted the production of bio-oil. Besides, all of the copyrolysis groups exhibited a synergistic effect on biochar production (S = 19.43-28.24%), while inhibiting the gas generation, with S ranging from -20.17 to -6.09%. Regarding the gaseous products, apart from H2, P, C, and L primarily generated CO2, CO, and CH4, respectively. Regarding bio-oil composition, the interactions occurring within PC, PL, and CL exhibited a significantly synergistic effect (S = 47.81-412.96%) on the formation of N-heterocyclics/amides, amides/nitriles, and acids/esters, respectively. Finally, the favorable applicability of the proposed interaction effects was verified with microalgae. This study offers valuable insights for understanding the microwave-assisted pyrolysis of protein-rich biomass, laying the groundwork for further research and process optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Chenxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Yuanbo Song
- Institute of New Rural Development, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
| | - Xiaogang You
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Zhao
- Shanghai Rural Revitalization Research Center, Shanghai 200002, P. R. China
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
- Institute of New Rural Development, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
| | - Yalei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
- Institute of New Rural Development, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 20092, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang X, Sun Y, Zhang Q, Tian W, Khan E, Tsang DCW. Leaching characteristics of nutrients in food waste digestate-derived biochar. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 399:130634. [PMID: 38548033 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Food waste anaerobic digestion requires proper utilization of solid digestate, and pyrolysis emerges as an effective method to produce nutrient-rich biochar. This study investigated the leaching characteristics and speciation changes of nutrients in food waste digestate (FWD)-derived biochar pyrolyzed at 350 °C (BC350), 450 °C (BC450), and 550 °C (BC550). BC350 featured inorganic nitrogen, while BC450 and BC550 contained elevated organic nitrogen. Nitrogen, potassium, and dissolved organic carbon were released via a quick surface wash-off process. Polyphosphates prevailed in BC350 and leached through a fast diffusion-controlled process. BC450 and BC550 were dominated by Ca/Mg orthophosphates and released via a slow dissolution-controlled process. Leachates from BC450 and BC550 stimulated the shoot length of wheat seeds. After 5 leaching cycles, there were more aromatic dissolved organics, and BC450 and BC550 exhibited higher abundance of C-N and O-P-O. Overall, pyrolysis of FWD at 450 °C and 550 °C shows potential in producing slow-release biochar fertilizers for resource recycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuqing Sun
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiaozhi Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore
| | - Wenjing Tian
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Department, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4015, USA
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Halalsheh M, Shatanawi K, Shawabkeh R, Kassab G, Mohammad H, Adawi M, Ababneh S, Abdullah A, Ghantous N, Balah N, Almomani S. Impact of temperature and residence time on sewage sludge pyrolysis for combined carbon sequestration and energy production. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28030. [PMID: 38596039 PMCID: PMC11002555 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental challenges related to sewage sludge call for urgent sustainable management of this resource. Sludge pyrolysis might be considered as a sustainable technology and is anticipated to support measures for mitigating climate change through carbon sequestration. The end products of the process have various applications, including the agricultural utilization of biochar, as well as the energy exploitation of bio-oil and syngas. In this research, sewage sludge was pyrolyzed at 500 °C, 600 °C, 750 °C, and 850 °C. At each temperature, pyrolysis was explored at 1hr, 2hrs, and 3hrs residence times. The ratio (H/Corg)at was tapped to imply organic carbon stability and carbon sequestration potential. Optimum operating conditions were achieved at 750 °C and 2hrs residence time. Produced biochar had (H/Corg)at ratio of 0.54, while nutrients' contents based on dry weight were 3.99%, 3.2%, and 0.6% for total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total potassium (TK), respectively. Electrical conductivity of biochar was lesser than the feed sludge. Heavy metals in biochar aligned with the recommended values of the International Biochar Initiative. Heat content of condensable and non-condensable volatiles was sufficient to maintain the temperature of the furnace provided that PYREG process is considered. However, additional energy source is demanded for sludge drying.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Halalsheh
- Water, Energy and Environment Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - K. Shatanawi
- Civil Engineering Department, School of Engineering, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - R. Shawabkeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - G. Kassab
- Civil Engineering Department, School of Engineering, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - H. Mohammad
- Water, Energy and Environment Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - M. Adawi
- Water, Energy and Environment Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - S. Ababneh
- German Development Cooperation, Amman, Jordan
| | - A. Abdullah
- German Development Cooperation, Amman, Jordan
| | - N. Ghantous
- German Development Cooperation, Amman, Jordan
| | - N. Balah
- German Development Cooperation, Amman, Jordan
| | - S. Almomani
- German Development Cooperation, Amman, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Le Q, Price GW. A review of the influence of heat drying, alkaline treatment, and composting on biosolids characteristics and their impacts on nitrogen dynamics in biosolids-amended soils. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 176:85-104. [PMID: 38266478 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Application of biosolids to agricultural land has gained increasing attention due to their rich nutrient content. There are a variety of treatment processes for converting sewage sludge to biosolids. Different treatment processes can change the physicochemical properties of the raw sewage sludge and affect the dynamics of nutrient release in biosolids-amended soils. This paper reviews heat drying, alkaline treatment, and composting as biosolids treatment processes and discusses the effects of these treatments on biosolid nitrogen (N) content and availability. Most N in the biosolids remain in organic forms, regardless of biosolids treatment type but considerable variation exists in the mean values of total N and mineralizable N across different types of biosolids. The highest mean total N content was recorded in heat-dried biosolids (HDB) (4.92%), followed by composted biosolids (CB) (2.25%) and alkaline-treated biosolids (ATB) (2.14%). The mean mineralizable N value was similar between HDB and ATB, with a broader range of mineralizable N in ATB. The lowest N availability was observed in CB. Although many models have been extensively studied for predicting potential N mineralization in soils amended with organic amendments, limited research has attempted to model soil N mineralization following biosolids application. With biosolids being a popular, economical, and eco-friendly alternative to chemical N-fertilizers, understanding biosolids treatment effects on biosolids properties is important for developing a sound biosolids management system. Moreover, modeling N mineralization in biosolids-amended soils is essential for the adoption of sustainable farming practices that maximize the agronomic value of all types of biosolids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianhan Le
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, PO Box 550, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - G W Price
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, PO Box 550, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen H, Shan R, Li S, Zhao F, Zhang Y, Yuan H, Chen Y. Clay mineral as catalysis for controlling the nitrogen containing pollutants during sewage sludge pyrolysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169535. [PMID: 38159752 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Pyrolysis technology is considered one of the most promising processes for the environmentally friendly disposal of sewage sludge (SS), as it can neutralize pathogens, reduce hazardous substances, and promote the immobilization of heavy metals. However, nitrogen-containing gases produced in SS pyrolysis can be converted to nitrogen oxides, causing serious environmental pollution. In this study, we investigated the evolution of the nitrogen (N) element in rapid pyrolysis of SS and explored the effect of clay minerals (attapulgite, montmorillonite, and kaolin) in regulating N conversion. The results showed that the higher temperature (800 °C) could promote the conversion of pyrroles/pyridines and NOx precursors in char to N2 (the conversion rate was 32.76 %), and clay minerals catalyzed the cleavage of N-containing macromolecules in the bio-oil, reducing the N content in bio-oil from 28.70 % to 6.23 %, and was conducted to realize the denitrification of bio-oil. Notably, the attapulgite (ATP) on N migration was more effective and could reduce the yield of NOx precursors from 23.80 % to 10.55 % by capturing NH4* and inhibiting the secondary reaction, while catalyzing the removal of N2 from pyridine/pyrrole (N2 production increased to 34.38 %). MgO and CaO in the clays played a major role in facilitating the conversion of char-N to N2, and clay structures loading on the biochar surface promoted the catalysis of N-containing volatiles to N2 by metal oxides. This study provides a viable and harmless approach to SS minimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Chen
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China; Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Rui Shan
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China; Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Fengxiao Zhao
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuyuan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Haoran Yuan
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China; Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yong Chen
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China; Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Du M, Xie A, Wei W, Liu S, Chen Y, Guo L. Directional transformation and migration pathways of nitrogen during pig manure supercritical water gasification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 394:130256. [PMID: 38145762 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is a valuable nutrient element in pig manure. This work focuses on investigating the distribution, directional transformation, and migration pathways to facilitate the recovery of nitrogen from supercritical water gasification products. Results indicated that no nitrogen-containing gas was detected and 12.65 % of nitrogen remained in solid products. 82.49 % of nitrogen migrated into liquid products, which are predominated by ammonia. Catalysts were employed to promote the conversion of solid nitrogen to liquid nitrogen and organic nitrogen to ammonia. Finally, 85 % of nitrogen is enriched into liquid products and ammonia predominated the liquid nitrogen. The percentage of ammonia increased to 97.51 % at 620 °C in the presence of potassium carbonate. The migration pathways indicated that nitrogen was transformed into ammonia by various intermediates such as indole. The rest of the nitrogen remained in solid products with stable quaternary-nitrogen. These findings provide valuable insights into nitrogen management and recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Du
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (SKLMF), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Anlan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (SKLMF), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Wenwen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (SKLMF), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Shi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (SKLMF), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Yunan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (SKLMF), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | - Liejin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (SKLMF), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hu M, Ma J, Jiang Z, Wang J, Pan Z, Hu ZT, Tang S, Beims R, Xu C. New insights into nitrogen control strategies in sewage sludge pyrolysis toward environmental and economic sustainability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163326. [PMID: 37030361 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge (SS) contains a certain amount of nitrogen (N), resulting in various content of N in the pyrolysis products. Investigates on how to control the generation of NH3 and HCN (deleterious gas-N species) or convert it to N2 and maximize transforming N in sewage sludge (SS-N) into potentially valuable N-containing products (such as char-N and/or liquid-N) are of great significance for SS management. Understanding the nitrogen migration and transformation (NMT) mechanisms in SS during the pyrolysis process is essential for investigating the aforementioned issues. Therefore, in this review, the N content and species in SS are summarized, and the influencing factors during the SS pyrolysis process (such as temperature, minerals, atmosphere, and heating rate) that affect NMT in char, gas, and liquid products are analyzed. Furthermore, N control strategies in SS pyrolysis products are proposed toward environmental and economic sustainability. Finally, the state-of-the-art of current research and future prospects are summarized, with a focus on the generation of value-added liquid-N and char-N products, while concurrently reducing NOx emission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mian Hu
- College of environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jiajia Ma
- College of environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhuoran Jiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Junliang Wang
- College of environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhiyan Pan
- College of environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhong-Ting Hu
- College of environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Suqin Tang
- Hangzhou Environmental Group Co., Ltd, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ramon Beims
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Chunbao Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cai S, Zhang Y, Hu A, Liu M, Wu H, Wang D, Zhang W. Dissolved organic matter transformation mechanisms and process optimization of wastewater sludge hydrothermal humification treatment for producing plant biostimulants. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 235:119910. [PMID: 37001233 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the composition, transformation and bioactivity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) at the molecular level is crucial for investigating the hydrothermal humification process of wastewater sludge and producing ecological fertilizers. In this study, DOM transformation pathways under alkali-thermal humification treatment (AHT) were characterized by Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) in conjunction with molecular reaction network analysis. The effects of DOM on plant growth were examined using hydroponics and transcriptomic analysis. In the wastewater sludge humification process, AHT produced maximum amounts of protein (3260.56 mg/L) and humic acid (5788.24 mg/L) after 12 h. FT-ICR MS results indicated that protein-like structures were prone to continuous oxidation and were ultimately transformed into aromatic N-containing compounds resembling humic substances. Several reactive fragments (such as -C2H2O2, -C3H4O2, and -C4H6O2) formed by the Maillard reaction (MR) were identified as potential precursors to humic acid (HA). In terms of biological effects, DOM12h showed the highest rice germination and growth activity, whereas that produced by AHT for a longer period (> 12 h) displayed phytotoxicity owing to the accumulation of toxic substances. Plant biostimulants (such as amino acids and HAs) in DOM improved energy metabolism and carbohydrate storage in rice seedlings by upregulating the "starch and sucrose metabolism" pathways. Toxic substances (such as pyrrole, pyridine, and melanoidin) in DOM can activate cell walls formation to inhibit abiotic stimuli in rice seedlings through the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid pathway. These findings provide a theoretical basis for optimizing sludge hydrothermal humification and recovering high-quality liquid fertilizers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siying Cai
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Aibin Hu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Ming Liu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Hanjun Wu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of environmental engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; National Engineering Laboratory of High Concentration Refractory Organic Wastewater Treatment Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nan H, Yang F, Li D, Cao X, Xu X, Qiu H, Zhao L. Calcium enhances phosphorus reclamation during biochar formation: Mechanisms and potential application as a phosphorus fertilizer in a paddy soil. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 162:83-91. [PMID: 36948116 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Transformation of phosphorus (P) species during pyrolytic production of biochar from P-rich biowastes with a subsequent soil amendment is important to P reclamation. Aiming at increasing the content of plant-available P and restraining the formation of easily mobile P in pyrolysis product, this study used exogenous calcium ions (20 wt% CaCl2) addition prior to pyrolysis to regulate the pyrolytic transformation of P chemical fractions from sewage sludge and bone dreg. Results showed that active Ca catalyzed the decomposition of organic P to transform into inorganic orthophosphate. Based on Hedley's sequential extraction method, this study found that addition of Ca ions remarkably reduced the content of soluble P, exchange P, Fe/Al bound P, and occluded P in biochar, while increased Ca bound P from 78 to 85% to 85-96%. Liquid 31P NMR indicated that exogenous Ca induced the crack of the P-O-P bond in pyrophosphate to become orthophosphates. It also explained why new orthophosphates including chlorapatite (Ca5(PO4)3Cl) and calcium hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) appeared in the Ca-composite biochar compared to pristine biochar. Combined with rapid P-release test in paddy soil (pH 6.27) and 30-days rice seedling growth test under flooded condition (10 wt% biochar addition ratio), it was confirmed that compared to pristine biochar, Ca-composite biochar released more P in paddy soil, but also promoted more P to be taken in by rice root and stalk. These results suggested that pretreating biowaste with Ca ion was a friendly approach to enhance P reclamation during biochar formation, making it a promising P fertilizer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Nan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Deping Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinde Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hao Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tao J, Yin X, Yao X, Cheng Z, Yan B, Chen G. Prediction of NH 3 and HCN yield from biomass fast pyrolysis: Machine learning modeling and evaluation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 885:163743. [PMID: 37116814 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Rapid pyrolysis is a promising technique to convert biomass into fuel oil, where NOX emission remains a substantial environmental risk. NH3 and HCN are top precursors for NOX emission. In order to clarify their migration path and provide appropriate strategies for their controlling, six up-to-date machine learning (ML) models were established to predict the NH3 and HCN yield during rapid pyrolysis of 26 biomass feedstocks. Cross-validation and grid search methods were used to determine the optimal hyperparameters for these ML models. The support vector regression (SVR) model achieved optimal accuracy among them. The optimal root means square error (%), mean absolute error (%), and R2 of test set for NH3/HCN yield were 1.2901/1.1531, 1.0501/0.84712, and 0.98253/0.96152, respectively. In addition, based on the results of Pearson correlation analysis, the input variables with a weak linear correlation with the target product were eliminated, which was found capable of improving the prediction accuracy of almost all ML models except SVR. While after input variables elimination, the SVR model still showed the optimal NH3 and HCN yield prediction accuracy. It reflects SVR's great significance and potential for predicting the yield of NOX precursors during rapid biomass pyrolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Tao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xilei Yao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Zhanjun Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Engineering Research Center for Organic Wastes Safe Disposal and Energy Utilization/Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Energy of Ministry of Education/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Beibei Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Engineering Research Center for Organic Wastes Safe Disposal and Energy Utilization/Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Energy of Ministry of Education/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Guanyi Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China; Tianjin Engineering Research Center for Organic Wastes Safe Disposal and Energy Utilization/Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Energy of Ministry of Education/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin, 300072, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yuan Z, Ma W, Zhu N, Zhu Y, Wu S, Lou Z. Identifying the fate of nitrogenous species during sewage sludge pyrolysis via in-situ tracing of protein-sludge inherent components interactions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160437. [PMID: 36427709 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The effect of interactions between different components in sewage sludge on the thermochemical transformation of nitrogenous species is usually neglected, which is important to explain the generation mechanism of some key nitrogenous by-products. Here, we investigated the distribution, form, and chemical properties of the products from sludge-extracted protein (PR) under different pyrolysis scenarios using several in-situ probe techniques, to elucidate the critical role of typical sludge organics/inorganics on the evolution of nitrogenous intermediates and by-products. The results suggested that Ca/Fe/Si/Al-containing inorganics significantly affected the pyrolytic behavior of PR and the thermal transformation of nitrogenous species, while sludge organics, including humic acids and polysaccharides, had limited effects on the temperature-dependent evolution of nitrogenous species in PR. Among them, calcium oxide catalyzed the ring-opening reaction of heterocyclic-N with aromatic-like structures, resulting in a 21.1 %-68.8 % reduction in nitrogen fixation efficiency in the char. At lower temperatures (350-450 °C), calcium oxide caused more nitrogen to be transferred to the gas/tar phases in the form of NH3 and heterocyclic-N, and it also enhanced the conversion of nitrile-N → HCN → NO at temperatures above 450 °C. In contrast, polyferric salts inhibited the devolatilization of mono-heterocyclic-N and enhanced the thermal stability of poly-heterocyclic-N, resulting in a maximum increase of 18.5 mg·g-1 of nitrogen content in the char, while reducing the release of NH3 and HCN by 71.1 % and 32.0 %. This work elucidated the interaction between PR and inherent components in sludge, providing key information for the control of nitrogenous volatiles and NOx.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihang Yuan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenchao Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Nanwen Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Shaolin Wu
- Shanghai Solid Waste Management Center, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Ziyang Lou
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; China Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Feng L, Tian B, Zhang L, Yang M. Pyrolysis of hydrazine hydrate waste salt: Thermal behaviors and transformation characteristics of organics under aerobic/anaerobic conditions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 323:116304. [PMID: 36261970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The production of large quantities of industrial waste salts is becoming an issue of increasing concern with the adoption of the "zero liquid discharge" process for wastewater treatment. Recovery of waste salts as a useful resource after purification provides the best means of solving this problem. In this study, pyrolysis was studied as a purification technique to treat waste salt generated during hydrazine hydrate production (N2H4 WS) within the temperature range of 25-600 °C under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Aerobic pyrolysis achieved 99.3% organic removal at a temperature that was 50 °C lower than was that achieved by anaerobic pyrolysis (600 °C). The formation of strong fluorescent species at 400 °C during anaerobic pyrolysis was detected using fluorescence excitation emission matrix (FEEM). These species were confirmed to be heterocyclic-N compounds, including pyridinic N and pyrrolic N, that were formed through cyclization reactions, as revealed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-mass spectrometry (TG-FTIR-MS). Harmful gases such as HCN and NH3 were released during anaerobic pyrolysis, and this may have been partially associated with the decomposition of heterocyclic-N compounds. Moreover, aerobic pyrolysis effectively reduced CO2 emissions by 8.7% based on energy consumption calculations. Therefore, aerobic pyrolysis is preferable for the purification of N2H4 WS owing to its low decomposition temperature, minimal release of harmful gaseous compounds, and low carbon emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Binghui Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Lili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rao B, Su J, Xu S, Pang H, Xu P, Zhang Y, Zhu J, Tu H. Thermal and non-thermal mechanism of microwave irradiation on moisture content reduction of municipal sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 226:119231. [PMID: 36252298 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Both huge volume and high moisture content of municipal sludge have brought great troubles and attracted extensive concerns in the world. The bound water of sludge and pore clogging in the process of pressure filtration dewatering are two key factors influencing the deep-dewatering effect of municipal sludge. The results of this study suggest that microwave irradiation (MI) can be used to synchronously evaporate water, reduce the bound water of sludge and solve the blockage of sludge pore channels during the process filtration dewatering, which can greatly reduce the moisture content of municipal sludge. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance, carbon dioxide gas absorption and desorption, and scanning electron microscope were synthetically used to detect the pore structure of sludge cakes. Thermogravimetric differential scanning calorimetry was used to detect binding energy to calculate moisture distribution. Thermal mechanism was revealed by dielectric constant, thermal conductivity, fractal dimensions, water saturation and porosity in different layers of sludge cake. The results showed that the bound water in sludge samples after MI was reduced by 19.4%, the pore fractal dimension was reduced from 2.955 to 2.867, the surface fractal dimension increased from 2.099 to 2.362 with the conditions of microwave power (700 w) and treat time (5 min). When the water saturation was close to 1, the dielectric constant of middle and outer layers was the main factor of heating, while the water saturation was close to 0, the main factor became the difference of thermal conductivity in middle and outer layers. Moreover, after MI, moisture content of sludge was greatly reduced from 68.4% to 40.1% for its thermal effect, further reduced to 34.1% by the continuous mechanical dewatering for its non-thermal effect which change the pore structure and moisture distribution. These conclusions are helpful to understand microwave thermal and non-thermal mechanism and shed light on new dewatering-drying integrated techniques of municipal sludge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binqi Rao
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China.
| | - Jiangge Su
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Shengjun Xu
- Xingyuan Environment Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 300266, PR China
| | - Hongru Pang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Peng Xu
- College of Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- School of Mechatronics and Automobile Engineering, Huzhou Vocational & Technical College, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Houde Tu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhu A, Wu Y, Wang M, Lan G, Xia Y, Liu C, Ji X, Shen J, Li T, Fu C, Zhang P, Wang Y, Pan M. Effect of FeCl3 combined with biochar as dewatering conditioners on sludge pyrolysis products. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
17
|
Liu H, Chen Y, Yang H, Hu J, Wang X, Chen H. Evolution pathway of nitrogen in hydrothermal liquefaction polygeneration of Spirulina as the typical high-protein microalgae. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
18
|
Zhao J, Wang Z, Li J, Yan B, Chen G. Pyrolysis of food waste and food waste solid digestate: A comparative investigation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 354:127191. [PMID: 35447328 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effects of anaerobic digestion (AD) on pyrolysis were elaborated by comparing the pyrolysis performance of food waste (FW) and food waste solid digestate (FWSD). The pyrolysis mechanisms of FW and FWSD were revealed by experimental and kinetic analysis. The properties and potential applications of pyrolytic products from FW and FWSD were discussed. The results showed that part of organic matters of FW were consumed during AD, which altered the pyrolysis performance of FWSD. The pyrolytic gas from FW had better quality due to its higher lower heating value (LHV) (20.52 kJ/Nm3). The pyrolytic oil and biochar derived from FWSD showed better qualities as oil fuel and carbon-based absorbent. Pyrolysis of FWSD produced less nitrogen-containing pollutants (NCPs) indicated that AD coupled with pyrolysis is more environmental-friendly to treat FW. This study provides potential approach and theoretical guidance for the treatment and resource utilization of FW and FWSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhao
- School of Environment and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Beibei Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Wastes Utilization/Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Bio Gas/Oil Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guanyi Chen
- School of Environment and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang Y, Jia L, Guo B, Wang B, Zhang L, Zheng X, Xiang J, Jin Y. N migration and transformation during the co-combustion of sewage sludge and coal slime. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 145:83-91. [PMID: 35525001 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The co-combustion of sewage sludge and coal slime is considered a promising technique for reducing the volume of sewage sludge, adding value, and decreasing the risks associated with these wastes. This work aimed to study N migration and transformation mechanisms and the related interactions during the co-combustion of sewage sludge (SS) and coal slime (CS) by thermogravimetric-mass spectrometry combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results revealed that the main N-containing gases produced during the combustion of SS and CS were NH3 generated from Amino-N at 200-400 °C and HCN generated from heterocyclic nitrogen at 400-600 °C, respectively. The increase of CS ratio led to a decrease in the release of NH3 and NO, but an increase in the release of HCN. Distinct interactions were observed during the co-combustion process, which promoted the production of NH3 and inhibited the production of HCN and NO. Co-combustion inhibited the release of NO by 36.9% when the CS ratio was 50%. The interaction mechanism suggested that H radicals from SS promoted the premature decomposition of N species in CS, and increased the selectivity of N species for NH3 formation by promoting the conversion of heterocyclic-N to Amino-N. In addition, the interaction of char (in SS) and char (in CS) enhanced the reduction of NO. Above 600 °C, co-combustion promoted the retention of N species in the ash.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Wang
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Li Jia
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Baihe Guo
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Biru Wang
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Liu Zhang
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Jun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Jin
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zou H, Huang S, Ren M, Liu J, Evrendilek F, Xie W, Zhang G. Efficiency, by-product valorization, and pollution control of co-pyrolysis of textile dyeing sludge and waste solid adsorbents: Their atmosphere, temperature, and blend ratio dependencies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 819:152923. [PMID: 34999078 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to quantify the co-pyrolytic synergistic effects of textile dyeing sludge (TDS) and waste biochar (WBC) for an optimal utilization of secondary resources and to mitigate environmental pollution and waste volume. TDS and WBC had a strong synergistic effect between 800 and 900 °C in the CO2-assisted atmosphere. With the increased TDS fraction, NH3 emission fell significantly regardless of the atmosphere type. The CO2 atmosphere changed S in TDS char and released SO2 in the range of 800-1000 °C. With the temperature rise, an unstable N structure turned into a more stable heterocyclic N structure in the CO2 and N2 atmospheres. Regardless of the atmosphere type and temperature, the C-containing functional groups in co-pyrolytic biochar existed mainly as C-C/C-H. In the CO2 atmosphere, inorganic S, aliphatic S, and thiophene S in the co-pyrolytic biochar disappeared and became more stable sulfones. The co-pyrolysis inhibited the formation of S-containing compounds. The retention ability of the co-pyrolytic biochar peaked for most of the heavy metals in the N2 atmosphere but was better for Pb and Zn in the CO2 than N2 atmosphere. Simultaneous optimization showed the co-pyrolysis of 10% TDS and 90% WBC at above 950 °C in the N2-CO2 or CO2 atmosphere as the optimal operational settings combined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huihuang Zou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shengzheng Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mingzhong Ren
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Jingyong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Fatih Evrendilek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu 14052, Turkey
| | - Wuming Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhu X, Li S, Zhang Y, Li J, Zhang Z, Sun Y, Zhou S, Li N, Yan B, Chen G. Flue gas torrefaction of municipal solid waste: Fuel properties, combustion characterizations, and nitrogen /sulfur emissions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 351:126967. [PMID: 35272035 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flue gas torrefaction (FGT) was proposed as the pretreatment of the municipal solid waste (MSW) combustion process to improve the fuel properties of MSW and achieve better combustion performance. The optimal FGT parameters were obtained at 300 ℃ and 30 min, with the energy-mass co-benefit index (EMCI) reaching the maximum of 23.38. FGT could significantly increase the heating value and energy density of MSW while reducing the H/C and O/C ratio. Then, the pyrolysis and combustion experiments were performed by tube furnace and TG-MS. The results proved the chemical compositions of MSW were altered, and the heat transfer was enhanced. With FGT, NOx and SO2 emissions could be reduced by 25.7 % and 52.4 %, respectively. This study provides an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of FGT and paves the way for the clean treatment and energy utilization of MSW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochao Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Songjiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- CECEP Green Carbon Environment Protection, Beijing 100082, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ziqiang Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; CECEP Green Carbon Environment Protection, Beijing 100082, China
| | - Yunan Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Shengquan Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Ning Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Beibei Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guanyi Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China; Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin 300072, China; School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850012, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang F, Wu Y, Dong B, Lv K, Shi Y, Ke N, Hao L, Yin L, Bai Y, Xu X, Xian Y, Agathopoulos S. Robust Porous WC-Based Self-Supported Ceramic Electrodes for High Current Density Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2106029. [PMID: 35338594 PMCID: PMC9130889 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202106029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Developing an economical, durable, and efficient electrode that performs well at high current densities and is capable of satisfying large-scale electrochemical hydrogen production is highly demanded. A self-supported electrocatalytic "Pt-like" WC porous electrode with open finger-like holes is produced through industrial processes, and a tightly bonded nitrogen-doped WC/W (WC-N/W) heterostructure is formed in situ on the WC grains. The obtained WC-N/W electrode manifests excellent durability and stability under multi-step current density in the range of 30-1000 mA cm-2 for more than 220 h in both acidic and alkaline media. Although WC is three orders of magnitude cheaper than Pt, the produced electrode demonstrates comparable hydrogen evolution reaction performance to the Pt electrode at high current density. Density functional theory calculations attribute its superior performance to the electrode structure and the modulated electronic structure at the WC-N/W interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feihong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy ConversionDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026P. R. China
| | - Yutong Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy ConversionDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026P. R. China
| | - Binbin Dong
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHenan Key Laboratory of Special Protective MaterialsLuoyang Institute of Science and TechnologyLuoyangHenan471023P. R. China
| | - Kai Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy ConversionDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy ConversionDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026P. R. China
| | - Nianwang Ke
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy ConversionDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026P. R. China
| | - Luyuan Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy ConversionDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026P. R. China
| | - Liangjun Yin
- School of Energy Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of China2006 Xiyuan RoadChengduPR China
| | - Yu Bai
- School of Engineering ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026P. R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy ConversionDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026P. R. China
| | - Yuxi Xian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behaviors and Design of MaterialsDepartment of Modern MechanicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026P. R. China
| | - Simeon Agathopoulos
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of IoanninaIoanninaGR‐451 10Greece
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Shi Y, Chen Z, Zhu K, Fan J, Clark JH, Luo G, Zhang S. Speciation evolution and transformation mechanism of P during microwave hydrothermal process of sewage sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 815:152801. [PMID: 34986420 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to the global shortage of phosphate ore, sewage sludge is an important resource for P recovery. This study aims to investigate how P was migrated and transformed during the microwave hydrothermal (MHT) process of sewage sludge. The effects of MHT and hydrothermal (HT) conversion were compared. The results reveals that there were no significant differences on the P distribution and speciation changes between the HT and MHT products, especially under high hydrothermal temperature. Ortho-P/Pyro-P was the dominant P form in the hydrothermal solid products, and high temperature promoted the transformation of C-O-P to Ortho-P/Pyro-P. The analysis of X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) shows that Ca5(PO4)3OH was formed after the hydrothermal processes. The relative abundance of Ca-P decreased first and then increased with increasing hydrothermal temperature. Moderate MHT temperature (170 °C) and holding time (30-60 min) promoted the transformation of P to the liquid products. Generally, the effect of MHT temperature was more significant than that of heating type and holding time on the variations of P distribution and speciations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China; Green Chemistry Center of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Zheng Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Keliang Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Jiajun Fan
- Green Chemistry Center of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - James H Clark
- Green Chemistry Center of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Gang Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang Y, Zhou C, Deng Z, Li X, Liu Y, Qu J, Li X, Wang L, Dai J, Fu J, Zhang C, Yu M, Yu H. Influence of corn straw on distribution and migration of nitrogen and heavy metals during microwave-assisted pyrolysis of municipal sewage sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 815:152303. [PMID: 34896502 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study explored pyrolysis characteristics, nitrogen transformation and migration of heavy metals during microwave-assisted pyrolysis of municipal sewage sludge in a continuously operated auger pyrolyser at different temperatures and corn straw ratios. The results showed higher temperatures and more corn straw resulted in more gas yield (e.g., CO2, CO, CH4 and H2) and less char yield. 5 wt% corn straw addition at 750 °C achieved high-quality bio-oil with less O-containing compounds, which was more favorable for upgrading to transportation fuels. Sludge chars prepared at higher corn straw ratios had lower ratios of H/C and N/C, and higher carbon content. Nitrogen transformation pathways and mechanisms were investigated. The residual ratio of heavy metals (except Cd) in sludge char was 67.74-100%. However, the residual ratio of Cd decreased significantly to 6.46% at 750 °C. Concentrations of all heavy metals in sludge char conformed to national standard (CJ/T 362-2011, China), and the potential ecological risk was slight. Sludge chars prepared in the presence of corn straw had lower ecological risk and higher retention capacity of heavy metals (e.g., Pb, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Ni) compared with pyrolysis of sewage sludge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chunbao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Zeyu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xueguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Junshen Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiangtong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jianjun Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Changfa Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mengyan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hejie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Structure of Sewage Sludge-Clay Multiscale Composite Particles to Control the Mechanism of SO 2 and H 2S Gas Release. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15051855. [PMID: 35269086 PMCID: PMC8911930 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to address the problem of sulfur gas and other odors released in the process of using sewage sludge as a construction material, this study prepared multiscale composite particles with a “large scale-medium scale-small scale-micro scale” structure by mixing sludge with silica-alumina building materials. Analysis of the structural changes formed by the internal gas of composite particles due to diffusion at different temperatures and a study of the characteristics of SO2 and H2S release from composite particles were conducted, as well as being compared with the release characteristics of pure sludge, which clarified the mechanism of controlling sulfur-containing-gas release from composite particles. The results showed that compared with pure sludge, the sludge-clay multiscale composite particles were able to reduce the release of SO2 and H2S up to 90% and 91%, and the release temperatures of SO2 and H2S were increased to 120 °C and 80 °C, respectively. Meanwhile, the special structure of the sludge-clay multiscale composite particles and the clay composition are the main factors that hinder the diffusion of sludge pyrolysis gases. Additionally, there are three layers of “gray surface layer-black mixed layer-dark gray spherical core” formed inside the composite particles, which is the apparent manifestation of the diffusion of volatile gases. This study provides theoretical support for the application of multiscale composite particle inhibition of odor-release technology in industrial production.
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang X, Shen Y, Liu X, Ma T, Wu J, Qi G. Fly ash and H 2O 2 assisted hydrothermal carbonization for improving the nitrogen and sulfur removal from sewage sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133209. [PMID: 34896175 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, fly ash and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) assisted hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) was used to improve the removal efficiency of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) from sewage sludge (SS). The removal rate and distribution of N and S in hydrochar were evaluated, and properties of the aqueous phase were analyzed to illustrate the N and S transformation mechanism during fly ash and H2O2 assisted HTC treatment of SS. The results suggested that during HTC process assisted by fly ash (10% of raw SS), dehydration, decarboxylation and hydrolysis of SS were strengthened due to the catalysis effect. The N and S removal were promoted marginally. For hydrochar achieved from HTC process with H2O2 addition, the N and S removal were improved slightly due to the biopolymer oxidization by ‧OH released from H2O2 decomposition. While for HTC treatment with fly ash and H2O2 supplementation, a positive synergistic effect on N and S removal was observed. The N and S removal obtained from fly ash (10% of raw SS) and H2O2 (48 g/L) assisted HTC increased to 81.71% and 62.83%, respectively, from those of 69.53% and 49.92% in control group. N and S removal mechanism analysis suggested that hydroxyl radicals (‧OH) produced by H2O2 decomposition will destroy SS structure, and the biopolymers such as polysaccharides and proteins will be decomposed to release N and S into the liquid residue. In addition, the fly ash acts as the catalyst will decrease the energy need for denification and desulfartion. Consequently, N and S removal efficiency was enhanced by fly ash and H2O2 assisted HTC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Wang
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China; College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Yu Shen
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China; College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China; Chongqing South-to-Thais Environmental Protection Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 400069, China
| | - Xuecheng Liu
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Tengfei Ma
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China; Chongqing South-to-Thais Environmental Protection Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 400069, China; Environmental Engineering Technology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Environmental Engineering Technology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Gaoxiang Qi
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China; College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China; Chongqing South-to-Thais Environmental Protection Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 400069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yang Y, Sun C, Huang Q, Yan J. Hierarchical porous structure formation mechanism in food waste component derived N-doped biochar: Application in VOCs removal. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132702. [PMID: 34710458 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped (N-doped) hierarchical porous carbon was widely utilized as an efficient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) adsorbent. In this work, a series of N-doped hierarchical porous carbons were successfully prepared from the direct pyrolysis process of three food waste components. The porous biochar that derived from bone showed a high specific surface area (1405.06 m2/g) and sizable total pore volume (0.97 cm3/g). The developed hierarchical porous structure was fabricated by the combined effect of self-activation (Carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O)) and self-template. The emission characteristics of activation gas analyzed by Thermogravimetric-Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (TG-FTIR) and the transformation of ash composition in the biochar help to illustrate the pore-forming mechanism. Calcium oxide (CaO) and hydroxylapatite were confirmed as the major templates for mesopores, while the decomposition processes of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and hydroxylapatite provided a large amount of activation gas (CO2 and H2O) to form micropores. The materials also obtained abundant N-containing surface functional groups (up to 7.84 atomic%) from pyrolysis of protein and chitin. Finally, the porous biochar showed excellent performance for VOCs adsorption with a promising uptake of 288 mg/g for toluene and a high adsorption rate of 0.189 min-1. Aplenty of mesopores distributed in the materials effectively improved the mass transfer behaviors, the adsorption rate got a noticeable improvement (from 0.118 min-1 to 0.189 min-1) benefited from mesopores. Reusable potentials of the hierarchical porous carbons were also satisfying. After four thermal regeneration cycles, the materials still occupied 84.8%-87.4% of the original adsorption capacities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Chen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qunxing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Jianhua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Du Z, Hu A, Wang Q, Ai J, Zhang W, Liang Y, Cao M, Wu H, Wang D. Molecular composition and biotoxicity effects of dissolved organic matters in sludge-based carbon: Effects of pyrolysis temperature. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127346. [PMID: 34601409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sludge pyrolysis carbonization has shown potential to convert sludge biomass into multifunctional carbon materials. However, ecological risks of dissolved organic matters (DOMs) with obscure molecular characteristics retaining in sludge-based carbons (SBCs) have received little attention. This study investigated the impact of pyrolysis temperatures on the molecular conversion and biotoxicity effects of DOMs in SBCs. The results revealed that DOMs in SBCs300-400 were mainly derived from depolymerization of biopolymers and the polycondensation and cyclization of small intermediate molecules, which mainly consisted of aromatic CHON compounds with 1-3 N atoms, featuring high unsaturation and molecular weights. High-temperature pyrolysis (500-800 °C) promoted the decomposition and ring-opening of aromatic CHON compounds into saturated aliphatic CHO compounds with 2-4 O atoms in SBCs500-800. Noteworthily, SBCs300-400-derived DOMs showed relatively strong biotoxicity on the growth and development of wild-type zebrafish embryos, pakchoi seeds, and Vibrio qinghaiensis Q67, which was significantly related to aromatic amines, phenols, and heterocyclic-N compounds in DOMs of SBCs300-400. SBCs500-800-derived DOMs were mainly straight-chain fatty acids and showed no observable acute biotoxicity. This study highlights the negative impact of DOMs in SBCs on the ecological environment, and provides the theoretical basis for controlling toxic byproducts in sludge pyrolysis process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengliang Du
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China
| | - Aibin Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China
| | - Qiandi Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jing Ai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China.
| | - Yong Liang
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, Hubei, China
| | - Mengxi Cao
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, Hubei, China
| | - Hanjun Wu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wan G, Bei L, Yu J, Xu L, Sun L. Products distribution and hazardous elements migration during pyrolysis of oily sludge from the oil refining process. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132524. [PMID: 34637869 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Oily sludge is a hazardous waste due to the enrichment of nitrogen, sulfur, PAHs, and heavy metals. In this work, an oily sludge from oil refining factory was pyrolyzed at various temperatures of 250-850 °C in a fixed bed reactor focusing on product distribution and migration of hazardous compounds of PAHs, sulfur, nitrogen-containing compounds, and heavy metals. The mechanism of PAHs formation and migration of nitrogen, sulfur, heavy metals were elucidated by comprehensive analysis of the solid, liquid, and gas products. The distribution and risk analysis of heavy metals were also conducted. The pyrolytic products distribution was markedly affected by pyrolysis temperatures. A maximum oil yield was observed at 500 °C, which can further crack into gas due to secondary reaction. The pyrolytic gas was enriched in the order of CO2 > CO > CH4 > H2. At lower temperatures, CO2 was largely generated due to the elimination of oxygen-containing functional groups, while H2 was mainly formed above 450 °C due to the recombination reaction. Higher temperatures promoted more N-/S-containing compounds into tar and gas phases. The N-/S-containing compounds mainly included NH3, HCN, H2S, SO2, COS in the gas phase and amines, indoles, pyridines, nitriles, thiophenes in liquid phase. PAHs with 2-ring to 5-ring were mainly generated due to the secondary reaction at higher temperatures. Moreover, Pyrolysis caused the accumulation of heavy metals in chars. Cd presented a high potential risk while the other heavy metals in chars presented a low risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Bei
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Linlin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lushi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bi D, Huang F, Jiang M, He Z, Lin X. Effect of pyrolysis conditions on environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) in biochar from co-pyrolysis of urea and cellulose. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 805:150339. [PMID: 34537697 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochar derived from nitrogen-rich pyrolysis of biomass can be used as a soil conditioner, but it contains a large amount of environmental persistent free radicals (EPFRs). EPFRs are a newly identified environmentally harmful substance, and the detection and research on EPFRs in nitrogen-rich pyrolyzed char is lacking. Biochars prepared from cellulose-urea mixtures at different temperatures, residence times, and urea ratios were analyzed in this study. EPFRs in biochar prepared at 500 °C had the highest spin concentrations. Substituted aromatic compounds were the precursors to the EPFRs. The types of EPFRs in biochars shifted from oxygen-centered at 400 °C to carbon- and oxygen-centered in the 450-600 °C range due to a reduction in oxygen-containing functional groups. Residence time experiments showed that most EPFRs formed in the first 5 min of pyrolysis. C was the main element used for the formation of EPFRs, while N content was negatively correlated with the concentration of EPFRs. Pyrolysis temperature was the key factor determining the types of EPFRs produced, while proportion of urea only affected the concentrations of EPFRs and not type. The results of this study are of great significance for understanding the environmental behavior of common EPFRs in nitrogen-rich biochar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Bi
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Fupeng Huang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Mei Jiang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Zhisen He
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Xiaona Lin
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Du Z, Wang Q, Du Y, Xu Q, Wang D, Zhang W. Obtaining high-value nitrogen-containing carbon nanosheets with ultrahigh surface area from waste sludge for energy storage and wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 805:150353. [PMID: 34818788 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recovering high value-added resources from waste activated sludge (WAS) is a potential way for the sustainable wastewater treatment. In this study, hydrothermal treatment at 180 °C was used to simultaneously improve sludge dewaterability and recover sludge organic matters (SOMs). The recovered SOMs were subsequently employed as precursors to prepare nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanosheets via a facile stepwise synthesis method. The as-prepared optimal carbon (AP-SOM800) was characterized with an ultrahigh specific surface area (3473 m2/g), appropriate porosity (1.77 cm3/g), and abundant heteroatoms (1.47% N and 7.44% O). AP-SOM800 exhibited a high specific capacitance (409 F/g at 0.25 A/g), low resistance (0.52 Ω), and superior cyclic stability (only 9.09% loss after 10,000 cycles) in 6 M KOH aqueous electrolyte. Furthermore, AP-SOM800 demonstrated an extraordinary adsorption capacity (1528 mg/g for methyl orange (MO) and 1265 mg/g for tetracycline (TC)) that can be maintained (˃ 1200 mg/g) over a wide range of pH conditions. Specifically, 80.97% of MO and 66.67% of TC were rapidly absorbed through AP-SOM800 within 10 min, and 90.27% of MO and 81.24% of TC were eventually removed from wastewater after 60 min. The adsorption processes fit closely with the pseudo-second-order kinetic (R2 > 0.999) and Langmuir models (R2 > 0.914), revealing that the adsorption processes were dominated by a monolayer chemical adsorption reaction. This study suggests that high value-added materials can be obtained from the WAS through improving and extending the traditional sludge treatment processes, which will enrich the technical options available for future sustainable sludge treatment and disposal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengliang Du
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China
| | - Qiandi Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Youjing Du
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiongying Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Liu J, Zhao W, Yang SW, Hu B, Xu MX, Ma SW, Lu Q. Formation mechanism of NO x precursors during the pyrolysis of 2,5-diketopiperazine based on experimental and theoretical study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 801:149663. [PMID: 34418630 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Incineration of food waste leads to the release of NOx pollutants, whereas the formation mechanism of the NOx precursors (HCN, NH3, and HNCO) during the initial pyrolysis process is far from well-studied, limiting the source control on NOx release. In this work, 2,5-diketopiperazine (DKP) was selected as the N-containing model compound to study the formation mechanism of NOx precursors in food waste pyrolysis, by combining experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The C1-N2 bond broken via the N2-to-N5 H-transfer possesses the lowest energy barrier, together with the largest reaction rate constants in the range of 400-800 °C. NH3 can be easily generated with low energy barriers and high rate constants at low temperatures (below 630 °C). Whereas, the rate constants of the pathways for HCN formation will exceed those for NH3 generation in the range of 630-740 °C. In addition, the DKP pyrolysis can also lead to the formation of HNCO with a very low energy barrier, and it can convert into HCN and NH3 through further hydrogenation and decomposition. These calculation results are exactly consistent with the experimental results that NH3 was the main precursor in the range of 400-600 °C, and the yield of HCN exceeded that of NH3 when the temperature was over 600 °C. Our current work on the formation mechanism of NOx precursors during the pyrolysis of DKP can provide theoretical guidance for the development of NOx control technology in the pyrolysis/combustion process of organic waste.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Wei Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Shuang-Wei Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Bin Hu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Ming-Xin Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Shan-Wei Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Qiang Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang P, Yan J, Wang S, Xu P, Shen L, Song T. Synergistic effects of lanthanum ferrite perovskite and hydrogen to promote ammonia production during microalgae catalytic pyrolysis process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125641. [PMID: 34364085 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) production from nitrogen-enriched renewable resources pyrolysis is a green, clean, and sustainable technology. In this paper, lanthanum ferrite perovskite (LaFeO3) and hydrogen (H2) atmosphere were combined to enhance NH3 production during microalgae pyrolysis. The catalytic pyrolysis of microalgae pyrolysis was carried out in a fixed bed reactor. The results show that the synergistic effects between H2 and LaFeO3 promote the fuel-nitrogen transfer into gas phase, while nitrogen in biochar and bio-oil significantly decreases. H2 and LaFeO3 not only favor the conversion of protein-N to pyridinic-N, pyrrolic-N, and quaternary-N in char, but also accelerate the deamination of amides, pyrroles, and pyridines, thus facilitating the formation of NH3. Pyrolysis temperature plays a considerable role in distribution and conversion of N-species. Increasing temperature increases NH3 and HCN yields, the maximum NH3 yield reaches 47.40 wt% at 800 °C. Moreover, LaFeO3 shows considerable stability during 10 cyclic operations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jingchun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Shuyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Laihong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Tao Song
- School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210042, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zou L, Song L, Li M, Wang X, Huang X, Zhang Y, Dong B, Zhou J, Li X. Differential Effect of Anaerobic Digestion on Gaseous Products from Sequential Pyrolysis of Three Organic Solid Wastes. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:22103-22113. [PMID: 34497902 PMCID: PMC8412929 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that anaerobic digestion (AD) has an effect on the liquid and solid product property of sequential pyrolysis, but its influence on the gaseous products is lacking. In this study, syngas produced by pyrolysis from three raw organic solid wastes and the corresponding digestates, i.e., food waste, vinasse, and cow manure were investigated. AD causes a decrease in the contents of volatile solid, fixed carbon, C, H, and N and an increase in the S content. The weight loss of the wastes mainly occurs at 200-550 °C during the pyrolysis and the loss of the food waste and vinasse is higher than that of cow manure. In the carbon (C)-containing gas, AD leads to a decrease in the CH4 content of the syngas, implying that the heat values of the digestates are lower than that of the raw substrates. After AD, the total amount of nitrogen (N)-containing gas from the vinasse increases by 40.1%, while that from cow manure decreases by 14.1%. On the contrary, the total amount of sulfur (S)-containing groups in the syngas from vinasse drop by 22.0%, while that from cow manure increases by 9.1%. In addition, slight changes in the C-, N-, and S-containing gases are found from food waste. The results indicate that AD has a different effect on the N- and S- containing gaseous groups from different organic solid wastes, and the mechanisms deserve further investigation. The findings supply a theoretical foundation for environmental-friendly application of syngas from the digestates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianpei Zou
- School
of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organic
Compound Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lin Song
- School
of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organic
Compound Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Man Li
- School
of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organic
Compound Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- School
of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organic
Compound Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiang Huang
- School
of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organic
Compound Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yaning Zhang
- School
of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organic
Compound Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Bin Dong
- College
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - John Zhou
- School
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Xiaowei Li
- School
of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organic
Compound Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Naqvi SR, Tariq R, Shahbaz M, Naqvi M, Aslam M, Khan Z, Mackey H, Mckay G, Al-Ansari T. Recent developments on sewage sludge pyrolysis and its kinetics: Resources recovery, thermogravimetric platforms, and innovative prospects. Comput Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2021.107325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
36
|
Huang YF, Chiueh PT, Lo SL. Energy recovery from sewage sludge: Product characteristics, heating value prediction and reaction kinetics. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 268:128783. [PMID: 33168284 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Energy recovery from sewage sludge was carried out by using microwave and conventional torrefaction. The microwave torrefaction was carried out by using a laboratory-scale microwave oven that provides single-mode microwave irradiation at 2.45 GHz, and the amount of sewage sludge for each experiment was approximately 20 g. The efficiency of microwave heating can be substantially promoted at higher power level, resulting in higher heating rate and maximum temperature. According to higher energy yield and heating value of torrefied sewage sludge, the optimum power level for bioenergy produced by microwave torrefaction of sewage sludge should be 200 W. Because of lower mass yield and temperature required to obtain the same yield, microwave heating can be more effective than conventional heating for sewage sludge torrefaction. The elemental composition of torrefied sewage sludge at 400 W was similar to that of anthracite, and its low hydrogen and oxygen contents could prevent excessive formation of smoke. Two correlations were obtained to predict the HHV of SS based on proximate and elemental compositions. With the recovery of liquid and gas products as bioenergy, the energy return on investment for microwave torrefaction of sewage sludge can be up to 16.4, much higher than the minimum value required for a sustainable society. Because of lower activation energy but higher pre-exponential factor, microwave heating can be approximately five times faster than conventional heating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fong Huang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Rd. Sec. 4, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Te Chiueh
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Rd. Sec. 4, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC; Water Innovation, Low Carbon and Environmental Sustainability Research Center, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shang-Lien Lo
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Rd. Sec. 4, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC; Water Innovation, Low Carbon and Environmental Sustainability Research Center, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nitrogen Migration during Pyrolysis of Raw and Acid Leached Maize Straw. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13073786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Solid biofuel is considered as a possible substitute for coal in household heat production because of the available and sustainable raw materials, while NOx emissions from its combustion have become a serious problem. Nitrogen-containing compounds in pyrolysis products have important effects on the conversion of fuel-N into NOx-N. Understanding these converting pathways is important for the environmentally friendly use of biomass fuels. The nitrogen migration during pyrolysis of raw and acid leached maize straw at various temperatures was investigated in this study. Thermal gravimetric analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to investigate the performances of thermal decomposition and pyrolysis products from samples. The main nitrogen functional groups in biomass and biochar products were N-A (amine-N/amide-N/protein-N), pyridine-N, and pyrrole-N, according to the findings. The most common gaseous NOx precursor was NH3, which was produced primarily during the conversion of N-A to pyridine-N and pyrrole-N. The formation of HCN mainly came from the secondary decomposition of heterocyclic-N at high temperatures. Before the pyrolysis temperature increased to 650 °C, more than half of the fuel-N was stored in the biochar. At the same pyrolysis temperature, acid-leached maize straw yielded more gas-N and char-N than the raw biomass. The highest char-N yield of 76.39 wt% was obtained from acid-leached maize straw (AMS) pyrolysis at 350 °C. Low pyrolysis temperature and acid-leaching treatment can help to decrease nitrogen release from stable char structure, providing support for reducing nitrogenous pollutant emissions from straw fuel.
Collapse
|
38
|
Shen M, Zhu X, Shang H, Feng F, Ok YS, Zhang S. Molecular characterization and environmental impacts of water-soluble organic compounds of bio-oil from the thermochemical treatment of domestic sewage sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:144050. [PMID: 33261874 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble organic compounds derived from bio-oil (WOCB) are regarded as potential risk sources of sludge thermochemical treatment. This study showed that 10.35 mg of water-soluble organic carbon and 1.32 mg of water-soluble organic nitrogen were released per gram of sludge when the final temperature of thermochemical treatment was 600 °C. WOCB was mainly formed at 300-500 °C. Furthermore, FT-ICR MS results indicated that high temperatures promoted deamination reactions, and low molecular weight (LMW) compounds with low oxygen number polymerized into aromatic compounds with increasing temperature. Noteworthily, WOCB released at 20-600 °C showed strong phytotoxicity to wheat. LMW compounds with lignin/carboxylic rich alicyclic molecules (CRAM)-like structures derived from low temperatures (200-400 °C) induced this inhibitory effect, but lipids containing nitrogen and sulfur from high temperatures (400-600 °C) can act as nutrients to promote wheat growth. This study provides theoretical support for the risk control and benefits assessments of sludge thermochemical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hua Shang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Fei Feng
- Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai 200438, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Xing J, Xu G, Li G. Comparison of pyrolysis process, various fractions and potential soil applications between sewage sludge-based biochars and lignocellulose-based biochars. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111756. [PMID: 33396079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To deeply assess the feasibility of sewage sludge-based biochars for use in soil applications, this review compared sewage sludge-based biochars (SSBBs) with lignocellulose-based biochars (LCBBs) in terms of their pyrolysis processes, various fractions and potential soil applications. Based on the reviewed literature, significant differences between the components of SSBB and LCBB result in different pyrolysis behavior. In terms of the fractions of biochars, obvious differences were confirmed to exist in the carbon content, surface functional groups, types of ash fractions and contents of potential toxic elements (PTEs). However, a clear influence of the feedstock on labile carbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was not observed in the current research. These differences determined subsequent discrepancies in the soil application potential and corresponding mechanisms. The major challenges facing biochar application in soils and corresponding recommendations for future research were also addressed. LCBBs promote carbon sequestration, heavy metal retention and organic matter immobilization. The application of SSBBs is a promising approach to improve soil phosphorus fertility, immobilize heavy metals and provide available carbon sources for soil microbes to stimulate microbial biomass. The present review provides guidance information for selecting appropriate types of biochars to address targeted soil issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xing
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Guoren Xu
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Guibai Li
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Guo S, Xiong X, Che D, Liu H, Sun B. Effects of sludge pyrolysis temperature and atmosphere on characteristics of biochar and gaseous products. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-020-0685-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
41
|
Hu J, Song Y, Liu J, Evrendilek F, Buyukada M, Yan Y. Synergistic effects, gaseous products, and evolutions of NO x precursors during (co-)pyrolysis of textile dyeing sludge and bamboo residues. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123331. [PMID: 32652418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the synergistic influences of the textile dyeing sludge (TDS) and bamboo residues (BR) co-pyrolysis, and its effects on the formation mechanisms of NH3 and HCN. The mass loss rate was lower for TDS than BR, with the co-pyrolysis with 50% BR exerting the strongest synergistic effect. The pyrolysis stages 1 (< 400 °C) and 2 (400-800 °C) were best described using the diffusion and third-order reaction mechanisms, respectively. Activation energy and frequency factor were lower for the pyrolysis of TDS than BR. The addition of no less than 50% BR significantly increased the emissions of CO2, CO, CH4, CO, and CO and reduced the aromatic compounds. The thermal stability of N-A structure was lower in TDS than BR. The co-pyrolysis with 50% BR significantly inhibited the formations of NH3 and HCN and improved the aromaticity of biochar. This may due to the weakened hydrogenation reaction at N sites, the enhanced conversion of NH3, the inhibition of the ring cleavage in the char-secondary cracking, and the formation of more quaternary-N. Our results provide insights into the co-treatment of TDS and BR, and controls over NOx precursors for a cleaner energy production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yueyao Song
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jingyong Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Fatih Evrendilek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, 14052, Turkey
| | - Musa Buyukada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, 14052, Turkey
| | - Youping Yan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Pei K, Xiao K, Hou H, Tao S, Xu Q, Liu B, Yu Z, Yu W, Wang H, Xue Y, Liang S, Hu J, Deng H, Yang J. Improvement of sludge dewaterability by ammonium sulfate and the potential reuse of sludge as nitrogen fertilizer. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110050. [PMID: 32828760 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel method to enhance sludge dewaterability with ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) was proposed, and the potential reuse of dewatered sludge cake and filtrate as nitrogen fertilizers was evaluated. Compared with raw sludge, 87.91% reduction of capillary suction time (CST) and 88.02% reduction of specific resistance to filtration (SRF) after adding 80% (m/m) (NH4)2SO4 were achieved, with 38.49% of protein precipitated simultaneously. The (NH4)2SO4 dose destroyed cell membrane, resulting in the release of intracellular water by converting bound water into free water, thus enhancing sludge dewaterability. In the solid phase, the content of protein-N increased, and larger protein aggregates were formed. The (NH4)2SO4 dose destroyed the hydration shell, making proteins to exhibit hydrophobic interactions, and to be aggregated, and precipitated from the liquid phase. When incubated Pennisetum alopecuroides L. with the dewatered sludge cake and filtrate after dewatering and conditioning with (NH4)2SO4, the germination rate of grass seed and shoot lengths both increased while compared with those incubated with dewatered sludge cake and filtrate of the raw sludge. This study might provide insights into sustainable sludge treatment by integrating sludge dewatering and the potential reuse of dewatered sludge cake and filtrate as nitrogen fertilizer via treatment with (NH4)2SO4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kangyue Pei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycle Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Keke Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycle Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
| | - Huijie Hou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycle Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
| | - Shuangyi Tao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycle Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Qi Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycle Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Bingchuan Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycle Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Zecong Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycle Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Wenbo Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycle Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycle Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Ying Xue
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycle Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Sha Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycle Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Jingping Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycle Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Huali Deng
- Dongjiang Environmental Company Limited, Langshan Road 9, Shenzhen, 518029, China
| | - Jiakuan Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycle Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Leng L, Yang L, Chen J, Leng S, Li H, Li H, Yuan X, Zhou W, Huang H. A review on pyrolysis of protein-rich biomass: Nitrogen transformation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 315:123801. [PMID: 32673983 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis of protein-rich biomass, such as microalgae, macroalgae, sewage sludge, energy crops, and some lignocellulosic biomass, produces bio-oil with high nitrogen (N) content, sometimes as high as 10 wt% or even higher. Major nitrogenous compounds in bio-oil include amines/amides, N-containing heterocycles, and nitriles. Such bio-oil cannot be used as fuel directly since the high N content will induce massive emission of nitrogen oxides during combustion. The present review comprehensively summarized the effects of biomass compositions (i.e., elemental, biochemical, and mineral compositions) and pyrolysis parameters (i.e., temperature, heating rate, atmosphere, bio-oil collection/fractionation methods, and catalysts) on the contents of N and the N-containing chemical components in bio-oil. The migration and transformation mechanisms of N during the pyrolysis of biomass were then discussed in detail. Finally, the research gaps were identified, followed by the proposals for future investigations to achieve the denitrogenation of bio-oil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijian Leng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Lihong Yang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Jiefeng Chen
- School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Songqi Leng
- School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Hailong Li
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of the Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Xingzhong Yuan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Wenguang Zhou
- School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Huajun Huang
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gu B, Cao JP, Shan YF, Wei F, Zhao M, Zhao YP, Zhao XY, Wei XY. Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Sewage Sludge over HZSM-5: A Study of Light Aromatics, Coke, and Nitrogen Migration under Different Atmospheres. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization (Ministry of Education), China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing-Pei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization (Ministry of Education), China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Fu Shan
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization (Ministry of Education), China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization (Ministry of Education), China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization (Ministry of Education), China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun-Peng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization (Ministry of Education), China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization (Ministry of Education), China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xian-Yong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization (Ministry of Education), China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tang Z, Chen W, Hu J, Li S, Chen Y, Yang H, Chen H. Co-pyrolysis of microalgae with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) for deoxygenation and denitrification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 311:123502. [PMID: 32416493 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To upgrade the algae pyrolytic oil, the influence of algae components on co-pyrolysis with LDPE were studied, with Spirulina platensis (SP), Nannochloropsis sp. (NS) and Enteromorpha Prolifera (EP) as typical algae samples, as they are enriched with proteins, lipids and carbohydrate, respectively, especially, the N and O transformation behavior during the co-pyrolysis was studied in depth. During co-pyrolysis, the interaction on products depended on the components of algae. EP and SP were prior to form CO2, rather than CO. For pyrolytic oil, co-pyrolysis effectively inhibited the formation of N- and O-compounds, but promoted the generation of long-chain alcohol and formic/acetic ester. And the obvious decrease of N and O content in co-pyrolytic oil was observed. However, the rich lipids in NS resulted in the improvement of N yield in pyrolytic oil during co-pyrolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Power and Energy Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Power and Energy Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Junhao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Power and Energy Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China.
| | - Siqin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Power and Energy Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Yingquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Power and Energy Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Haiping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Power and Energy Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Hanping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Power and Energy Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sun B, Liu C, Che D, Liu H, Guo S. Density functional theory-based investigation of HCN and NH 3 formation mechanisms during phenylalanine pyrolysis. RSC Adv 2020; 10:28431-28436. [PMID: 35519141 PMCID: PMC9055650 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05482h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
As sludge pyrolysis produces large amounts of toxic NH3 and HCN, many works have studied nitrogen transfer during this process, commonly employing amino acids as models of sludge protein. Herein, density functional theory is used to probe the production of HCN and NH3 during the pyrolysis of phenylalanine as a model, revealing the existence of two formation paths for each gas. In the first (lower-energy-barrier) NH3 formation path, the hydrogen bonding-assisted transfer of carboxyl group hydrogen to the amino group is followed by direct NH3 generation via decarboxylation, and the second (higher-energy-barrier) path features decarboxylation followed by the transfer of carboxyl group hydrogen to the adjacent carbon atom to form phenethylamine, the deamination of which affords NH3 and styrene. For HCN, the first (lower-energy-barrier) path features C2-C3 bond cleavage to afford dehydroglycine, which further decomposes to produce HCN, while in the second path, the decomposition of phenylalanine into phenethylamine, CO, and H2O is followed by internal hydrogen transfer in phenethylamine to generate HCN. The overall energy barrier of the two HCN formation paths exceeds that of NH3 formation paths, i.e., phenylalanine is more prone to afford NH3 than HCN upon pyrolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baizhong Sun
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University Jilin 132000 China
| | - Chuanqun Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University Jilin 132000 China
| | - Deyong Che
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University Jilin 132000 China
| | - Hongpeng Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University Jilin 132000 China
| | - Shuai Guo
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University Jilin 132000 China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ahmad S, Zhu X, Luo J, Zhou S, Zhang C, Fan J, Clark JH, Zhang S. Phosphorus and nitrogen transformation in antibiotic mycelial residue derived hydrochar and activated pyrolyzed samples: Effect on Pb (II) immobilization. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 393:122446. [PMID: 32155525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, lincomycin residue (LR, a type of antibiotic mycelial residue) derived hydrochar samples (LR-HCs) were obtained from hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), and pyrolysis applied to these LR-HCs to produce activated pyrolyzed samples (LR-APs). Transformation of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) species during HTC and pyrolysis was of primary interest and characterized by several techniques. Nitrogen content of dry LR was calculated by elemental analysis, being 7.91 wt. %, decreasing to 2.51 after HTC and 1.12 wt. % after concesutive HTC and pyrolysis. FT-IR analysis provided evidence for amine groups in LR samples. XPS analysis described N species (Pyridinic-N, Amine-N, Protein-N, Pyrrolic-N, and Quaternary-N) and P species (ortho-P/pyro-P and Ar-P) in LR samples, effectively. Sequential extraction showed that the HTC and pyrolysis changed the proportion of the P species from labile (P-NaHCO3 and P-NaOH) to stable ones (P-residue). Utilization and suitability of as-prepared LR-HCs and LR-APs for heavy metal Pb (II) immobilization show promising results. To help understand immobilization process, kinetic (pseudo-1st-order and pseudo-2nd-order) and isotherm (Freundlich) models were tested and verified. Results confirmed that P and N species were transformed during HTC and pyrolysis and that these processes lead to an advantageous effect on Pb (II) removal from solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shakeel Ahmad
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiewen Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Shaojie Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jiajun Fan
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - James H Clark
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China; Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Djandja OS, Wang ZC, Wang F, Xu YP, Duan PG. Pyrolysis of Municipal Sewage Sludge for Biofuel Production: A Review. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oraléou Sangué Djandja
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 28, West Xianning Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Cong Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 28, West Xianning Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, No. 2001, Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan 454003, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ping Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, No. 2001, Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan 454003, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Gao Duan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 28, West Xianning Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wang Z, Zhai Y, Wang T, Peng C, Li S, Wang B, Liu X, Li C. Effect of temperature on the sulfur fate during hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:114067. [PMID: 32014751 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To understand the effect of reaction temperature on sulfur during hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sewage sludge (SS), seven group of temperature (180-300 °C) were chosen to investigate the distributions and evolution of sulfur-containing compounds in hydrochar and the liquid products. Elemental analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-Ray powder diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the distribution of sulfur in hydrochar. The concentrations of sulfate ions and sulfide were determined in the liquid sample. The experimental results showed that as the temperature increased, the O/C ratio decreased because of the improved carbonization degree of SS. After hydrothermal carbonization, 90% of the sulfur in SS remained in hydrochar. As the temperature increased, the amount of sulfur in the liquid, mainly in the form of sulfate ions, tended to decrease. However, the experimental results for the gas phase were the opposite of the liquid phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhexian Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Yunbo Zhai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Tengfei Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Chuan Peng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Shanhong Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Bei Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Xiangmin Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Caiting Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ning H, Zhai Y, Li S, Liu X, Wang T, Wang B, Liu Y, Qiu Z, Li C, Zhu Y. Fe(II) activated persulfate assisted hydrothermal conversion of sewage sludge: Focusing on nitrogen transformation mechanism and removal effectiveness. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125473. [PMID: 31790996 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Fe(II)-activated persulfate-assisted hydrothermal treatment (Fe(II)-PS-HT) was used to improve the efficiency of removing nitrogen (N) from the sewage sludge (SS) under relatively mild conditions (i.e., at 150 °C, for 20min), and the N transformation mechanism was investigated. The total N content in the solid residue was used to evaluate the N removal efficiency. Further, the redistribution of N in the solid and liquid products was characterized and quantified to obtain a N transformation mechanism during sequential persulfate oxidation (Fe(II) and persulfate) assisted hydrothermal treatment (HT). The experimental results denote that the N removal efficiency obtained from the Fe(II)-PS-HT (persulfate/C = 0.085 and Fe(II)/persulfate = 0.5) treated SS was increased by 35.0% at a relatively mild temperature (i.e., 150 °C) when compared with that obtained by treating SS using normal HT. Elevating Fe(II)/persulfate ratio to 1.25 promoting the N removal efficiency by 59.9%-65.9%. Furthermore, the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results clearly denote a N removal mechanism where the sulfate radicals (SO4∙-) produced by Fe(II)-PS destroy the sludge structure and destructed extracellular polymers (EPS). In the absence of EPS protection, proteins were directly exposed to extreme hydrothermal circumstances, and were rapidly transformed from the SS into the liquid residue. The free radicals also provided energy for the denitrification of Heterocycle-N. Consequently, a high N removal efficiency was obtained by Fe(II)-PS-HT with persulfate/C = 0.085 and Fe(II)/persulfate = 1.25 at 150 °C for 20 min.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ning
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Yunbo Zhai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Shanhong Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Xiangmin Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Tengfei Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Bei Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Yali Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Zhenzi Qiu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Caiting Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Yun Zhu
- College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| |
Collapse
|