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Zhang J, Zhu Z, Niu M, Yu M, Dong X, Yang H. In Situ Evolution of Ionic Sites at Clay Mineral Interfaces Facilitates Fluoride and Phosphorus Mineralization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39058062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c05988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Soil minerals influence the biogeochemical cycles of fluoride (F) and phosphorus (P), impacting soil quality and bioavailability to plants. However, the cooperative mechanisms of soil minerals in governing F and P in the soil environment remain a grand challenge. Here, we reveal the essential role of a typical soil mineral, montmorillonite (Mt), in the cycling and fate of F and P. The results show that the enrichment of metal sites on the Mt surface promotes the mineralization of F to the fluorapatite (FAP) phase, thereby remaining stable in the environment, simultaneously promoting P release. This differential behavior leads to a reduction in the level of F pollution and an enhancement of P availability. Moreover, solid-state NMR and HRTEM observations confirm the existence of metastable F-Ca-F intermediates, emphasizing the pivotal role of Mt surface sites in regulating crystallization pathways and crystal growth of FAP. Furthermore, the in situ atomic force microscopy and theoretical calculations reveal molecular fractionation mechanisms and adsorption processes. It is observed that a competitive relationship exists between F and P at the Mt interface, highlighting the thermodynamically advantageous pathway of forming metastable intermediates, thereby governing the activity of F and P in the soil environment at a molecular level. This work paves the way to reveal the important role of clay minerals as a mineralization matrix for soil quality management and offers new strategies for modulating F and P dynamics in soil ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Mineral Materials and Application, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Ziqi Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Mineral Materials, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Mengyuan Niu
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Mineral Materials, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Menghan Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Mineral Materials, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiongbo Dong
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Mineral Materials, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huaming Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Mineral Materials and Application, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Mineral Materials, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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2
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Hoover RL, Keffer JL, Polson SW, Chan CS. Gallionellaceae pangenomic analysis reveals insight into phylogeny, metabolic flexibility, and iron oxidation mechanisms. mSystems 2023; 8:e0003823. [PMID: 37882557 PMCID: PMC10734462 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00038-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Neutrophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) produce copious iron (oxyhydr)oxides that can profoundly influence biogeochemical cycles, notably the fate of carbon and many metals. To fully understand environmental microbial iron oxidation, we need a thorough accounting of iron oxidation mechanisms. In this study, we show the Gallionellaceae FeOB genomes encode both characterized iron oxidases as well as uncharacterized multiheme cytochromes (MHCs). MHCs are predicted to transfer electrons from extracellular substrates and likely confer metabolic capabilities that help Gallionellaceae occupy a range of different iron- and mineral-rich niches. Gallionellaceae appear to specialize in iron oxidation, so it would be advantageous for them to have multiple mechanisms to oxidize various forms of iron, given the many iron minerals on Earth, as well as the physiological and kinetic challenges faced by FeOB. The multiple iron/mineral oxidation mechanisms may help drive the widespread ecological success of Gallionellaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene L. Hoover
- Microbiology Graduate Program, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Jessica L. Keffer
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Shawn W. Polson
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Clara S. Chan
- Microbiology Graduate Program, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
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3
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Chung HY, Jung J, Yang K, Kim J, Kim K. Frozen Clay Minerals as a Potential Source of Bioavailable Iron and Magnetite. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:19805-19816. [PMID: 37934905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient that affects biological production. Iron-containing clay minerals are an important source of bioavailable iron. However, the dissolution of iron-containing clay minerals at temperatures below the freezing point has not been investigated. Here, we demonstrate the enhanced reductive dissolution of iron from a clay mineral in ice in the presence of iodide (I-) as the electron donor. The accelerated production of dissolved iron in the frozen state was irreversible, and the freeze concentration effect was considered the main driving force. Furthermore, the formation of magnetite (Fe3O4) after the freezing process was observed using transmission electron microscopy analysis. Our results suggest a new mechanism of accelerated abiotic reduction of Fe(III) in clay minerals, which may release bioavailable iron, Fe(II), and reactive iodine species into the natural environment. We also propose a novel process for magnetite formation in ice. The freezing process can serve as a source of bioavailable iron or act as a sink, leading to the formation of magnetite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Young Chung
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon 21990, Korea
- Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology (UST), Incheon 21990, Korea
| | - Jaewoo Jung
- Ocean Georesources Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 49111, Korea
| | - Kiho Yang
- Department of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Jungwon Kim
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Korea
| | - Kitae Kim
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon 21990, Korea
- Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology (UST), Incheon 21990, Korea
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4
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Zhang X, Xie M, Cai C, Rabiee H, Wang Z, Virdis B, Tyson GW, McIlroy SJ, Yuan Z, Hu S. Pyrogenic Carbon Promotes Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane Coupled with Iron Reduction via the Redox-Cycling Mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:19793-19804. [PMID: 37947777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Pyrogenic carbon (PC) can mediate electron transfer and thus catalyze biogeochemical processes to impact greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Here, we demonstrate that PC can contribute to mitigating GHG emissions by promoting the Fe(III)-dependent anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM). It was found that the amendment PCs in microcosms dominated by Methanoperedenaceae performing Fe(III)-dependent AOM simultaneously promoted the rate of AOM and Fe(III) reduction with a consistent ratio close to the theoretical stoichiometry of 1:8. Further correlation analysis showed that the AOM rate was linearly correlated with the electron exchange capacity, but not the conductivity, of added PC materials, indicating the redox-cycling electron transfer mechanism to promote the Fe(III)-dependent AOM. The mass content of the C═O moiety from differentially treated PCs was well correlated with the AOM rate, suggesting that surface redox-active quinone groups on PCs contribute to facilitating Fe(III)-dependent AOM. Further microbial analyses indicate that PC likely shuttles direct electron transfer from Methanoperedenaceae to Fe(III) reduction. This study provides new insight into the climate-cooling impact of PCs, and our evaluation indicates that the PC-facilitated Fe(III)-dependent AOM could have a significant contribution to suppressing methane emissions from the world's reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Zhang
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB), Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Mengying Xie
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB), Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Chen Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hesamoddin Rabiee
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB), Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Queensland 4300, Australia
| | - Zhiyao Wang
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB), Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Bernardino Virdis
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB), Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Gene W Tyson
- Centre for Microbiome Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Woolloongabba Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Simon J McIlroy
- Centre for Microbiome Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Woolloongabba Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Shihu Hu
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB), Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
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5
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Qian Y, Scheinost AC, Grangeon S, Greneche JM, Hoving A, Bourhis E, Maubec N, Churakov SV, Fernandes MM. Oxidation State and Structure of Fe in Nontronite: From Oxidizing to Reducing Conditions. ACS EARTH & SPACE CHEMISTRY 2023; 7:1868-1881. [PMID: 37881367 PMCID: PMC10594735 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.3c00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The redox reaction between natural Fe-containing clay minerals and its sorbates is a fundamental process controlling the cycles of many elements such as carbon, nutrients, redox-sensitive metals, and metalloids (e.g., Co, Mn, As, Se), and inorganic as well as organic pollutants in Earth's critical zone. While the structure of natural clay minerals under oxic conditions is well-known, less is known about their behavior under anoxic and reducing conditions, thereby impeding a full understanding of the mechanisms of clay-driven reduction and oxidation (redox) reactions especially under reducing conditions. Here we investigate the structure of a ferruginous natural clay smectite, nontronite, under different redox conditions, and compare several methods for the determination of iron redox states. Iron in nontronite was gradually reduced chemically with the citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite (CBD) method. 57Fe Mössbauer spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy including its pre-edge, extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, and mediated electrochemical oxidation and reduction (MEO/MER) provided consistent Fe(II)/Fe(III) ratios. By combining X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we show that the long-range structure of nontronite at the highest obtained reduction degree of 44% Fe(II) is not different from that of fully oxidized nontronite except for a slight basal plane dissolution on the external surfaces. The short-range order probed by EXAFS spectroscopy suggests, however, an increasing structural disorder and Fe clustering with increasing reduction of structural Fe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Qian
- Laboratory
for Waste Management, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Institute
for Geological Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas C. Scheinost
- The
Rossendorf Beamline at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
(ESRF), Avenue des Martyrs
71, 38043, Grenoble, France
- Helmholtz
Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Institute of
Resource Ecology, Bautzner
Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Jean-Marc Greneche
- Institut
des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans IMMM UMR CNRS 6283,
Le Mans Université, 72085, Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - Alwina Hoving
- TNO
Geological Survey of The Netherlands,
P.O. Box 80015, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Bourhis
- Interfaces,
Confinement, Matériaux et Nanostructures (ICMN), CNRS/Université
d’Orléans, UMR 7374, 1b rue de la Férollerie, CS 40059, 45071 Orléans, France
| | | | - Sergey V. Churakov
- Laboratory
for Waste Management, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Institute
for Geological Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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6
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Meng Y, Yuan Q, Luan F. Thermodynamic considerations on the combined effect of electron shuttles and iron(III)-bearing clay mineral on Cr(VI) reduction by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132144. [PMID: 37517234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Electron shuttles (ESs) and Fe-bearing clay minerals are commonly found in subsurface environments and have shown potential in enhancing the bioreduction of Cr(VI). However, the synergistic effect of ESs at different redox potentials and Fe-bearing clay minerals on Cr(VI) bioreduction, as well as the fundamental principles governing this process, remain unclear. In our study, we investigated the role of ESs and Fe(III) in Cr(VI) bioreduction. We found that the acceleration of ESs and Fe(III) are crucial factors in this process. Interestingly, the promotion of ESs on Cr(VI) and Fe(III) showed opposite trends. Electrochemical methods confirmed the limited steps are the extent of reduced ESs and the redox potential difference between ESs and Fe(III), separately. Furthermore, we investigated the combined effect of ESs and NAu-2 on Cr(VI) bioreduction. Our results revealed two segments: in the first segment, the ES (5-HNQ) and NAu-2 did not synergistically enhance Cr(VI) reduction. However, in the second segment, ESs and NAu-2 demonstrated a synergistic effect, significantly increasing Cr(VI) reduction by MR-1. These bioreduction processes all follow linear free energy relationships (LFERs). Overall, our study highlights the fundamental principles governing multivariate systems and presents a promising approach for the remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Meng
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Qingke Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Fubo Luan
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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7
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Rothwell KA, Pentrak MP, Pentrak LA, Stucki JW, Neumann A. Reduction Pathway-Dependent Formation of Reactive Fe(II) Sites in Clay Minerals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37418593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Structural Fe in clay minerals is an important, potentially renewable source of electron equivalents for contaminant reduction, yet our knowledge of how clay mineral Fe reduction pathways and Fe reduction extent affect clay mineral Fe(II) reactivity is limited. Here, we used a nitroaromatic compound (NAC) as a reactive probe molecule to assess the reactivity of chemically reduced (dithionite) and Fe(II)-reduced nontronite across a range of reduction extents. We observed biphasic transformation kinetics for all nontronite reduction extents of ≥5% Fe(II)/Fe(total) regardless of the reduction pathway, indicating that two Fe(II) sites of different reactivities form in nontronite at environmentally relevant reduction extents. At even lower reduction extents, Fe(II)-reduced nontronite completely reduced the NAC whereas dithionite-reduced nontronite could not. Our 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and kinetic modeling results suggest that the highly reactive Fe(II) entities likely comprise di/trioctahedral Fe(II) domains in the nontronite structure regardless of the reduction mechanism. However, the second Fe(II) species, of lower reactivity, varies and for Fe(II)-reacted NAu-1 likely comprises Fe(II) associated with an Fe-bearing precipitate formed during electron transfer from aqueous to nontronite Fe. Both our observation of biphasic reduction kinetics and the nonlinear relationship of rate constant and clay mineral reduction potential EH have major implications for contaminant fate and remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Rothwell
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Cassie Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Martin P Pentrak
- Illinois State Geological Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61820, United States
| | - Linda A Pentrak
- Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Joseph W Stucki
- Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Anke Neumann
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Cassie Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Interface Geochemistry, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
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8
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Huang J, Zhang Y, Gao Z, Wang Y, Wei J, Zhang Z. A H 2O 2-free heterogeneous Fenton process for the degradation of lincomycin using natural structural iron-containing clay mineral and dimethoxyhydroquinone with in situ generated hydroxyl radicals. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 88:1-10. [PMID: 37452529 PMCID: wst_2023_195 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneous Fenton process is a strategy for overcoming the greatest shortcomings of traditional homogeneous Fenton, i.e. the high generation of ferric hydroxide sludge and effectivity in a limited pH range. In this study, we constructed a heterogeneous Fenton system with natural iron-bearing clay mineral (nontronite) and dimethoxyhydroquinone (DMHQ) to degrade lincomycin (LCM) without the addition of H2O2. The degradation mechanism was derived from the hydroxyl radicals (•OH) produced from the oxygenation of Fe(II) in nontronites, which was reduced by DMHQ. Acidic conditions and low concentrations of LCM were favourable for LCM degradation. When the solution pH increased from 3 to 7, the final LCM removal ratio decreased from 95 to 46%. However, LCM can still be degraded by 46% under neutral conditions and 20% at the LCM concentration of 500 μmol/L. The nontronite has good reusability, and the LCM degradation efficiency in the fourth cycle still exceeded 90% of the original efficiency. The degradation sites of LCM mainly occurred in the methyl thioether moiety and the aliphatic amine group on the pyrrolidine ring, with the final product of CO2. This research presents a new eco-friendly and cost-effective method for the heterogenous Fenton process without external H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Jiangsu Provincial Environmental Engineering Technology Co., Ltd, Engineering Research Center of Standardized Construction and Intelligent Management of Industrial Parks, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Standardized Construction and Intelligent Management of Industrial Parks, Nanjing 210036, China E-mail:
| | - Yifan Zhang
- College of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211167, China
| | - Zhicheng Gao
- Changzhou Technical College of Engineering, ChangZhou 213164, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211167, China
| | - Jiayi Wei
- College of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211167, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- College of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211167, China
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9
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Qian A, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Yu C, Zhang P, Liao W, Yao Y, Zheng Y, Tong M, Yuan S. Mechanistic Insight into Electron Transfer from Fe(II)-Bearing Clay Minerals to Fe (Hydr)oxides. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:8015-8025. [PMID: 37204932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Electron transfer (ET) is the essence of most biogeochemical processes related to element cycling and contaminant attenuation, whereas ET between different minerals and the controlling mechanism remain elusive. Here, we used surface-associated Fe(II) as a proxy to explore ET between reduced nontronite NAu-2 (rNAu-2) and Fe (hydr)oxides in their coexisting systems. Results showed that ET could occur from rNAu-2 to ferrihydrite but not to goethite, and the ET amount was determined by the number of reactive sites and the reduction potential difference between rNAu-2 and ferrihydrite. ET proceeded mainly through the mineral-mineral interface, with a negligible contribution of dissolved Fe2+/Fe3+. Control experiments by adding K+ and increasing salinity together with characterizations by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectrometry, and atomic force microscopy suggested that ferrihydrite nanoparticles inserted the interlayer space in rNAu-2 where structural Fe(II) in rNAu-2 transferred electrons mainly through the basal plane to ferrihydrite. This study implicates the occurrence of ET between different redox-active minerals through the mineral-mineral interface. As minerals at different reduction potentials often coexist in soils/sediments, the mineral-mineral ET may play an important role in subsurface biogeochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, No. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, P. R. China
| | - Yuxi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, No. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, P. R. China
| | - Yanting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, No. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, P. R. China
| | - Chenglong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, No. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, No. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, No. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Liao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, P. R. China
| | - Yao Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, No. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, P. R. China
| | - Yunsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, No. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, P. R. China
| | - Man Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, No. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, P. R. China
| | - Songhu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, No. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, No. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, P. R. China
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10
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Bañuelos JL, Borguet E, Brown GE, Cygan RT, DeYoreo JJ, Dove PM, Gaigeot MP, Geiger FM, Gibbs JM, Grassian VH, Ilgen AG, Jun YS, Kabengi N, Katz L, Kubicki JD, Lützenkirchen J, Putnis CV, Remsing RC, Rosso KM, Rother G, Sulpizi M, Villalobos M, Zhang H. Oxide- and Silicate-Water Interfaces and Their Roles in Technology and the Environment. Chem Rev 2023; 123:6413-6544. [PMID: 37186959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial reactions drive all elemental cycling on Earth and play pivotal roles in human activities such as agriculture, water purification, energy production and storage, environmental contaminant remediation, and nuclear waste repository management. The onset of the 21st century marked the beginning of a more detailed understanding of mineral aqueous interfaces enabled by advances in techniques that use tunable high-flux focused ultrafast laser and X-ray sources to provide near-atomic measurement resolution, as well as by nanofabrication approaches that enable transmission electron microscopy in a liquid cell. This leap into atomic- and nanometer-scale measurements has uncovered scale-dependent phenomena whose reaction thermodynamics, kinetics, and pathways deviate from previous observations made on larger systems. A second key advance is new experimental evidence for what scientists hypothesized but could not test previously, namely, interfacial chemical reactions are frequently driven by "anomalies" or "non-idealities" such as defects, nanoconfinement, and other nontypical chemical structures. Third, progress in computational chemistry has yielded new insights that allow a move beyond simple schematics, leading to a molecular model of these complex interfaces. In combination with surface-sensitive measurements, we have gained knowledge of the interfacial structure and dynamics, including the underlying solid surface and the immediately adjacent water and aqueous ions, enabling a better definition of what constitutes the oxide- and silicate-water interfaces. This critical review discusses how science progresses from understanding ideal solid-water interfaces to more realistic systems, focusing on accomplishments in the last 20 years and identifying challenges and future opportunities for the community to address. We anticipate that the next 20 years will focus on understanding and predicting dynamic transient and reactive structures over greater spatial and temporal ranges as well as systems of greater structural and chemical complexity. Closer collaborations of theoretical and experimental experts across disciplines will continue to be critical to achieving this great aspiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Leobardo Bañuelos
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Eric Borguet
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Gordon E Brown
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Randall T Cygan
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - James J DeYoreo
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Patricia M Dove
- Department of Geosciences, Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Marie-Pierre Gaigeot
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, CNRS, LAMBE UMR8587, 91025 Evry-Courcouronnes, France
| | - Franz M Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Julianne M Gibbs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2Canada
| | - Vicki H Grassian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Anastasia G Ilgen
- Geochemistry Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Young-Shin Jun
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Nadine Kabengi
- Department of Geosciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Lynn Katz
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - James D Kubicki
- Department of Earth, Environmental & Resource Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Johannes Lützenkirchen
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung─INE, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Christine V Putnis
- Institute for Mineralogy, University of Münster, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - Richard C Remsing
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Kevin M Rosso
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Gernot Rother
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Marialore Sulpizi
- Department of Physics, Ruhr Universität Bochum, NB6, 65, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mario Villalobos
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y del Suelo, LANGEM, Instituto De Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Huichun Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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11
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Guo W, Yan W, Jing C. Production of reactive oxygen species from oxygenation of Fe(II)-carbonate complexes: The critical roles of carbonate. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 454:131529. [PMID: 37126902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyl radicals (•OH) production upon the oxygenation of reduced iron minerals at the oxic/anoxic interface has been well recognized. However, little is known in the influencing environmental factors and the involved mechanisms. In this study, much more •OH could be efficiently produced from oxygenation of Fe(II) with 20-200 mM carbonate. Both carbonate concentration and anoxic reaction time play a critical role in •OH production. High carbonate facilitates the formation of Fe(II)high reactivity, i.e., surface-adsorbed and structural Fe(II) with low crystalline that is reactive toward O2 reaction for •OH production, while long anoxic reaction time enables the transfer from Fe(II)high reactivity to Fe(II)low reactivity, i.e., Fe(II) at interior sites with high crystalline, that is hardly oxidized by O2. Furthermore, the degradation pathway of p-nitrophenol (PNP) is highly dependent on the carbonate concentration that low carbonate facilitates •OH oxidation of PNP (80.2%) while high carbonate enhanced O2•- reduction of PNP (48.7%). Besides, carbonate also influences the structural evolution of Fe mineral during oxygenation by retarding its hydrolysis and following transformation. Our finding sheds new light on understanding the important role of oxyanions such as carbonate in iron redox cycles and directing contaminant attenuation in subsurface environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Chuanyong Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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12
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Wang X, Xiao W, Wang J, Jones AM, Collins RN. The formation of sulfate-green rust through Fe(II) sorption to montmorillonite: Impacts on abiotic nitrate reduction. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 868:161496. [PMID: 36642274 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Green rust (GR) minerals are generally considered to be effective reductants of pollutants and the electron transfer from aqueous Fe(II) to structural Fe(III) in montmorillonite has recently been discovered to be a pathway to GR formation at pH ∼7.8. In this study, we have further delineated the pH conditions and examined the effect of aqueous sulfate concentrations that allow for the formation of sulfate-GR through this unique pathway. Iron(II) sorption experiments demonstrated that the amount of 'sorbed' Fe(II) on montmorillonite semi-quantitatively transformed into sulfate-GR at pH values ≥7.5 in the presence of environmentally-relevant sulfate concentrations (i.e., 10 mM). However, excess sulfate concentrations (100 mM) resulted in comparatively less Fe(II) sorption and sulfate-GR was only observed to form at pH 8. As such, it was concluded that the degree of Fe(II) sorption to montmorillonite is critical to GR formation when aqueous Fe(II) and montmorillonite co-exist. In contrast to sulfate-GR minerals formed through other pathways (e.g., co-precipitation of dissolved Fe(II) and Fe(III) species), this montmorillonite-synthesized GR was significantly less reactive towards nitrate reduction, with <2.5 % of 0.2 mM nitrate being reduced over a 6-day period. This behaviour was correlated to reduction potential and it was, therefore, concluded that the relatively high reduction potential that occurs in the presence of montmorillonite exerts a significant influence on the rate of nitrate reduction by sulfate-GR to the point that it may not be a competitive process to microbiological nitrate denitrification. As such, the environmental relevance of green rust to nitrate reduction cannot be inferred simply by its presence, but rather the reduction potential of the environmental system in which it is found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Wei Xiao
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Adele M Jones
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Richard N Collins
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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13
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Nakamura T, Matsumoto M, Amano K, Enokido Y, Zolensky ME, Mikouchi T, Genda H, Tanaka S, Zolotov MY, Kurosawa K, Wakita S, Hyodo R, Nagano H, Nakashima D, Takahashi Y, Fujioka Y, Kikuiri M, Kagawa E, Matsuoka M, Brearley AJ, Tsuchiyama A, Uesugi M, Matsuno J, Kimura Y, Sato M, Milliken RE, Tatsumi E, Sugita S, Hiroi T, Kitazato K, Brownlee D, Joswiak DJ, Takahashi M, Ninomiya K, Takahashi T, Osawa T, Terada K, Brenker FE, Tkalcec BJ, Vincze L, Brunetto R, Aléon-Toppani A, Chan QHS, Roskosz M, Viennet JC, Beck P, Alp EE, Michikami T, Nagaashi Y, Tsuji T, Ino Y, Martinez J, Han J, Dolocan A, Bodnar RJ, Tanaka M, Yoshida H, Sugiyama K, King AJ, Fukushi K, Suga H, Yamashita S, Kawai T, Inoue K, Nakato A, Noguchi T, Vilas F, Hendrix AR, Jaramillo-Correa C, Domingue DL, Dominguez G, Gainsforth Z, Engrand C, Duprat J, Russell SS, Bonato E, Ma C, Kawamoto T, Wada T, Watanabe S, Endo R, Enju S, Riu L, Rubino S, Tack P, Takeshita S, Takeichi Y, Takeuchi A, Takigawa A, Takir D, Tanigaki T, Taniguchi A, Tsukamoto K, Yagi T, Yamada S, Yamamoto K, Yamashita Y, Yasutake M, Uesugi K, Umegaki I, Chiu I, Ishizaki T, Okumura S, Palomba E, Pilorget C, Potin SM, Alasli A, Anada S, Araki Y, Sakatani N, Schultz C, Sekizawa O, Sitzman SD, Sugiura K, Sun M, Dartois E, De Pauw E, Dionnet Z, Djouadi Z, Falkenberg G, Fujita R, Fukuma T, Gearba IR, Hagiya K, Hu MY, Kato T, Kawamura T, Kimura M, Kubo MK, Langenhorst F, Lantz C, Lavina B, Lindner M, Zhao J, Vekemans B, Baklouti D, Bazi B, Borondics F, Nagasawa S, Nishiyama G, Nitta K, Mathurin J, Matsumoto T, Mitsukawa I, Miura H, Miyake A, Miyake Y, Yurimoto H, Okazaki R, Yabuta H, Naraoka H, Sakamoto K, Tachibana S, Connolly HC, Lauretta DS, Yoshitake M, Yoshikawa M, Yoshikawa K, Yoshihara K, Yokota Y, Yogata K, Yano H, Yamamoto Y, Yamamoto D, Yamada M, Yamada T, Yada T, Wada K, Usui T, Tsukizaki R, Terui F, Takeuchi H, Takei Y, Iwamae A, Soejima H, Shirai K, Shimaki Y, Senshu H, Sawada H, Saiki T, Ozaki M, Ono G, Okada T, Ogawa N, Ogawa K, Noguchi R, Noda H, Nishimura M, Namiki N, Nakazawa S, Morota T, Miyazaki A, Miura A, Mimasu Y, Matsumoto K, Kumagai K, Kouyama T, Kikuchi S, Kawahara K, Kameda S, Iwata T, Ishihara Y, Ishiguro M, Ikeda H, Hosoda S, Honda R, Honda C, Hitomi Y, Hirata N, Hirata N, Hayashi T, Hayakawa M, Hatakeda K, Furuya S, Fukai R, Fujii A, Cho Y, Arakawa M, Abe M, Watanabe S, Tsuda Y. Formation and evolution of carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu: Direct evidence from returned samples. Science 2023; 379:eabn8671. [PMID: 36137011 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn8671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Samples of the carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu were brought to Earth by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. We analyzed 17 Ryugu samples measuring 1 to 8 millimeters. Carbon dioxide-bearing water inclusions are present within a pyrrhotite crystal, indicating that Ryugu's parent asteroid formed in the outer Solar System. The samples contain low abundances of materials that formed at high temperatures, such as chondrules and calcium- and aluminum-rich inclusions. The samples are rich in phyllosilicates and carbonates, which formed through aqueous alteration reactions at low temperature, high pH, and water/rock ratios of <1 (by mass). Less altered fragments contain olivine, pyroxene, amorphous silicates, calcite, and phosphide. Numerical simulations, based on the mineralogical and physical properties of the samples, indicate that Ryugu's parent body formed ~2 million years after the beginning of Solar System formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nakamura
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - M Matsumoto
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - K Amano
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Y Enokido
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - M E Zolensky
- NASA Johnson Space Center; Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - T Mikouchi
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Genda
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - S Tanaka
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - M Y Zolotov
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - K Kurosawa
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - S Wakita
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - R Hyodo
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - H Nagano
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - D Nakashima
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Y Takahashi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Y Fujioka
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - M Kikuiri
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - E Kagawa
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - M Matsuoka
- Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique (LESIA), Observatoire de Paris, Meudon 92195 France.,Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8567, Japan
| | - A J Brearley
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - A Tsuchiyama
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan.,Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510640, China.,Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, CAS, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - M Uesugi
- Scattering and Imaging Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo 679-5198, Japan
| | - J Matsuno
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Y Kimura
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - M Sato
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - R E Milliken
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - E Tatsumi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, University of La Laguna, Tenerife 38205, Spain
| | - S Sugita
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan.,Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T Hiroi
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - K Kitazato
- Aizu Research Center for Space Informatics, The University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - D Brownlee
- Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - D J Joswiak
- Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - M Takahashi
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - K Ninomiya
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - T Takahashi
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8583, Japan.,Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T Osawa
- Materials Sciences Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai 319-1195, Japan
| | - K Terada
- Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - F E Brenker
- Institute of Geoscience, Goethe University, Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - B J Tkalcec
- Institute of Geoscience, Goethe University, Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - L Vincze
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S12, Ghent, Belgium
| | - R Brunetto
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - A Aléon-Toppani
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Q H S Chan
- Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - M Roskosz
- Institut de Minéralogie, Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - J-C Viennet
- Institut de Minéralogie, Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - P Beck
- Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - E E Alp
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - T Michikami
- Faculty of Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-2116, Japan
| | - Y Nagaashi
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.,Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - T Tsuji
- Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Y Ino
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Physics, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda 669-1330, Japan
| | - J Martinez
- NASA Johnson Space Center; Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - J Han
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - A Dolocan
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - R J Bodnar
- Department of Geoscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - M Tanaka
- Materials Analysis Station, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - H Yoshida
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K Sugiyama
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - A J King
- Department of Earth Science, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - K Fukushi
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - H Suga
- Spectroscopy Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo 679-5198, Japan
| | - S Yamashita
- Department of Materials Structure Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.,Institute of Materials Structure Science, High-Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - T Kawai
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K Inoue
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - A Nakato
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Noguchi
- Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.,Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - F Vilas
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - A R Hendrix
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | | | - D L Domingue
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - G Dominguez
- Department of Physics, California State University, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Z Gainsforth
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - C Engrand
- Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - J Duprat
- Institut de Minéralogie, Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - S S Russell
- Department of Earth Science, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - E Bonato
- Institute for Planetary Research, Deutsches Zentrum für Luftund Raumfahrt, Rutherfordstraße 2 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - C Ma
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA 91125, USA
| | - T Kawamoto
- Department of Geosciences, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - T Wada
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - S Watanabe
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8583, Japan
| | - R Endo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - S Enju
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - L Riu
- European Space Astronomy Centre, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain
| | - S Rubino
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - P Tack
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S12, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S Takeshita
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tokai 319-1106, Japan
| | - Y Takeichi
- Department of Materials Structure Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.,Institute of Materials Structure Science, High-Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan.,Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - A Takeuchi
- Scattering and Imaging Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo 679-5198, Japan
| | - A Takigawa
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - D Takir
- NASA Johnson Space Center; Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | | | - A Taniguchi
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori 590-0494, Japan
| | - K Tsukamoto
- Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - T Yagi
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, AIST, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - S Yamada
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - K Yamamoto
- Japan Fine Ceramics Center, Nagoya 456-8587, Japan
| | - Y Yamashita
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, AIST, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - M Yasutake
- Scattering and Imaging Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo 679-5198, Japan
| | - K Uesugi
- Scattering and Imaging Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo 679-5198, Japan
| | - I Umegaki
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tokai 319-1106, Japan.,Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories, Nagakute 480-1192, Japan
| | - I Chiu
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - T Ishizaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Okumura
- Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - E Palomba
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - C Pilorget
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - S M Potin
- Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique (LESIA), Observatoire de Paris, Meudon 92195 France.,Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - A Alasli
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - S Anada
- Japan Fine Ceramics Center, Nagoya 456-8587, Japan
| | - Y Araki
- Department of Physical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-0058, Japan
| | - N Sakatani
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - C Schultz
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - O Sekizawa
- Spectroscopy Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo 679-5198, Japan
| | - S D Sitzman
- Physical Sciences Laboratory, The Aerospace Corporation, CA 90245, USA
| | - K Sugiura
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - M Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510640, China.,Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, CAS, Guangzhou 510640, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - E Dartois
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - E De Pauw
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S12, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Z Dionnet
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Z Djouadi
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - G Falkenberg
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron Photon Science, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Fujita
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - T Fukuma
- Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - I R Gearba
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - K Hagiya
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - M Y Hu
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - T Kato
- Japan Fine Ceramics Center, Nagoya 456-8587, Japan
| | - T Kawamura
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris 75205, France
| | - M Kimura
- Department of Materials Structure Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.,Institute of Materials Structure Science, High-Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - M K Kubo
- Division of Natural Sciences, International Christian University, Mitaka 181-8585, Japan
| | - F Langenhorst
- Institute of Geosciences, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - C Lantz
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - B Lavina
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - M Lindner
- Institute of Geoscience, Goethe University, Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J Zhao
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - B Vekemans
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S12, Ghent, Belgium
| | - D Baklouti
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - B Bazi
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S12, Ghent, Belgium
| | - F Borondics
- Optimized Light Source of Intermediate Energy to LURE (SOLEIL) L'Orme des Merisiers, Gif sur Yvette F-91192, France
| | - S Nagasawa
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8583, Japan.,Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - G Nishiyama
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K Nitta
- Spectroscopy Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo 679-5198, Japan
| | - J Mathurin
- Institut Chimie Physique, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - T Matsumoto
- Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - I Mitsukawa
- Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - H Miura
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8501, Japan
| | - A Miyake
- Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Y Miyake
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tokai 319-1106, Japan
| | - H Yurimoto
- Department of Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - R Okazaki
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - H Yabuta
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - H Naraoka
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - K Sakamoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Tachibana
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H C Connolly
- Department of Geology, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - D S Lauretta
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - M Yoshitake
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M Yoshikawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - K Yoshikawa
- Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Yoshihara
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Y Yokota
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Yogata
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - H Yano
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - Y Yamamoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - D Yamamoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M Yamada
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - T Yamada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Yada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Wada
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - T Usui
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - R Tsukizaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - F Terui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi 243-0292, Japan
| | - H Takeuchi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - Y Takei
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - A Iwamae
- Marine Works Japan, Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan
| | - H Soejima
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Marine Works Japan, Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan
| | - K Shirai
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Y Shimaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - H Senshu
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - H Sawada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Saiki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M Ozaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - G Ono
- Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Okada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - N Ogawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Ogawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - R Noguchi
- Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - H Noda
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan
| | - M Nishimura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - N Namiki
- Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama 240-0193, Japan.,National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan
| | - S Nakazawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Morota
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - A Miyazaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - A Miura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Y Mimasu
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Matsumoto
- Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama 240-0193, Japan.,National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan
| | - K Kumagai
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Marine Works Japan, Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan
| | - T Kouyama
- Digital Architecture Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - S Kikuchi
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan.,National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan
| | - K Kawahara
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Kameda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - T Iwata
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - Y Ishihara
- JAXA Space Exploration Center, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M Ishiguro
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - H Ikeda
- Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Hosoda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - R Honda
- Department of Information Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan.,Center for Data Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - C Honda
- Aizu Research Center for Space Informatics, The University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - Y Hitomi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Marine Works Japan, Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan
| | - N Hirata
- Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - N Hirata
- Aizu Research Center for Space Informatics, The University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - T Hayashi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M Hayakawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Hatakeda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Marine Works Japan, Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan
| | - S Furuya
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - R Fukai
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - A Fujii
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Y Cho
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - M Arakawa
- Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - M Abe
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - S Watanabe
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Y Tsuda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
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14
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Hoover RL, Keffer JL, Polson SW, Chan CS. Gallionellaceae pangenomic analysis reveals insight into phylogeny, metabolic flexibility, and iron oxidation mechanisms. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.26.525709. [PMID: 36747706 PMCID: PMC9900912 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.26.525709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The iron-oxidizing Gallionellaceae drive a wide variety of biogeochemical cycles through their metabolisms and biominerals. To better understand the environmental impacts of Gallionellaceae, we need to improve our knowledge of their diversity and metabolisms, especially any novel iron oxidation mechanisms. Here, we used a pangenomic analysis of 103 genomes to resolve Gallionellaceae phylogeny and explore the range of genomic potential. Using a concatenated ribosomal protein tree and key gene patterns, we determined Gallionellaceae has four genera, divided into two groups-iron-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) Gallionella, Sideroxydans, and Ferriphaselus with known iron oxidases (Cyc2, MtoA) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) Candidatus Nitrotoga with nitrite oxidase (Nxr). The FeOB and NOB have similar electron transport chains, including genes for reverse electron transport and carbon fixation. Auxiliary energy metabolisms including S oxidation, denitrification, and organotrophy were scattered throughout the Gallionellaceae FeOB. Within FeOB, we found genes that may represent adaptations for iron oxidation, including a variety of extracellular electron uptake (EEU) mechanisms. FeOB genomes encoded more predicted c-type cytochromes overall, notably more multiheme c-type cytochromes (MHCs) with >10 CXXCH motifs. These include homologs of several predicted outer membrane porin-MHC complexes, including MtoAB and Uet. MHCs are known to efficiently conduct electrons across longer distances and function across a wide range of redox potentials that overlap with mineral redox potentials, which can help expand the range of usable iron substrates. Overall, the results of pangenome analyses suggest that the Gallionellaceae genera Gallionella, Sideroxydans, and Ferriphaselus are primarily iron oxidizers, capable of oxidizing dissolved Fe2+ as well as a range of solid iron or other mineral substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene L. Hoover
- Microbiology Graduate Program, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Jessica L. Keffer
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Shawn W. Polson
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Clara S. Chan
- Microbiology Graduate Program, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
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15
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Cui HJ, Ning Y, Wu C, Peng W, Cheng D, Yin L, Zhou W, Liao W. Role of interfacial electron transfer reactions on sulfamethoxazole degradation by reduced nontronite activating H 2O 2. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 124:688-698. [PMID: 36182174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It has been documented that organic contaminants can be degraded by hydroxyl radicals (•OH) produced by the activation of H2O2 by Fe(II)-bearing clay. However, the interfacial electron transfer reactions between structural Fe(II) and H2O2 for •OH generation and its effects on contaminant remediation are unclear. In this study, we first investigated the relation between •OH generation sites and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation by activating H2O2 using nontronite with different reduction extents. SMX (5.2-16.9 µmol/L) degradation first increased and then decreased with an increase in the reduction extent of nontronite from 22% to 62%, while the •OH production increased continually. Passivization treatment of edge sites and structural variation results revealed that interfacial electron transfer reactions between Fe(II) and H2O2 occur at both the edge and basal plane. The enhancement on basal plane interfacial electron transfer reactions in a high reduction extent rNAu-2 leads to the enhancement on utilization efficiencies of structural Fe(II) and H2O2 for •OH generation. However, the •OH produced at the basal planes is less efficient in oxidizing SMX than that of at edge sites. Oxidation of SMX could be sustainable in the H2O2/rNAu-2 system through chemically reduction. The results of this study show the importance role of •OH generation sites on antibiotic degradation and provide guidance and potential strategies for antibiotic degradation by Fe(II)-bearing clay minerals in H2O2-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Jie Cui
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yaqi Ning
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Cong Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wei Peng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Dong Cheng
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Lichu Yin
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Weijun Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wenjuan Liao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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16
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Aeppli M, Schladow G, Lezama Pacheco JS, Fendorf S. Iron Reduction in Profundal Sediments of Ultraoligotrophic Lake Tahoe under Oxygen-Limited Conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:1529-1537. [PMID: 36633549 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Increased periods of bottom water anoxia in deep temperate lakes due to decreasing frequency and depth of water column mixing in a warming climate may result in the reductive dissolution of iron minerals and increased flux of nutrients from the sediment into the water column. Here, we assessed the sediment properties and reactivities under depleted oxygen concentrations of Lake Tahoe, a deep ultraoligotrophic lake in the Sierra Nevada mountain range. Using whole-core incubation experiments, we found that a decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration in the top 2 cm of the sediment resulted in an extension of the microbial iron reduction zone from below 4.5 to below 1.5 cm depth. Concentrations of reactive iron generally decreased with sediment depth, and microbial iron reduction seemingly ceased as concentrations of Fe(II) approximated concentrations of reactive iron. These findings suggest that microorganisms preferentially utilized reactive iron and/or iron minerals became less reactive due to mineral transformation and surface passivation. The estimated release of iron mineral-associated phosphorus is not expected to change Lake Tahoe's trophic state but will likely contribute to increased phytoplankton productivity if mixed into surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meret Aeppli
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Vaud1015, Switzerland
| | - Geoffrey Schladow
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UC Davis, Davis, California95616, United States
- UC Davis Tahoe Environmental Research Center, Incline Village, Nevada89451, United States
| | - Juan S Lezama Pacheco
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California94025, United States
| | - Scott Fendorf
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
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17
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Aeppli M, Thompson A, Dewey C, Fendorf S. Redox Properties of Solid Phase Electron Acceptors Affect Anaerobic Microbial Respiration under Oxygen-Limited Conditions in Floodplain Soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:17462-17470. [PMID: 36342198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mountain floodplain soils often show spatiotemporal variations in redox conditions that arise due to changing hydrology and resulting biogeochemistry. Under oxygen-depleted conditions, solid phase terminal electron acceptors (TEAs) can be used in anaerobic respiration. However, it remains unclear to what degree the redox properties of solid phases limit respiration rates and hence organic matter degradation. Here, we assess such limitations in soils collected across a gradient in native redox states from the Slate River floodplain (Colorado, U.S.A.). We incubated soils under anoxic conditions and quantified CO2 production and microbial Fe(III) reduction, the main microbial metabolic pathway, as well as the reactivity of whole-soil solid phase TEAs toward mediated electrochemical reduction. Fe(III) reduction occurred together with CO2 production in native oxic soils, while neither Fe(II) nor CO2 production was observed in native anoxic soils. Initial CO2 production rates increased with increasing TEA redox reactivity toward mediated electrochemical reduction across all soil depths. Low TEA redox reactivity appears to be caused by elevated Fe(II) concentrations rather than crystallinity of Fe(III) phases. Our findings illustrate that the buildup of Fe(II) in systems with long residence times limits the thermodynamic viability of dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction and thereby limits the mineralization of organic carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meret Aeppli
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, 1015Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aaron Thompson
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia30602, United States
| | - Christian Dewey
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Scott Fendorf
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
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18
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Zhou N, Kupper RJ, Catalano JG, Thompson A, Chan CS. Biological Oxidation of Fe(II)-Bearing Smectite by Microaerophilic Iron Oxidizer Sideroxydans lithotrophicus Using Dual Mto and Cyc2 Iron Oxidation Pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:17443-17453. [PMID: 36417801 PMCID: PMC9731265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fe(II) clays are common across many environments, making them a potentially significant microbial substrate, yet clays are not well established as an electron donor. Therefore, we explored whether Fe(II)-smectite supports the growth of Sideroxydans lithotrophicus ES-1, a microaerophilic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacterium (FeOB), using synthesized trioctahedral Fe(II)-smectite and 2% oxygen. S. lithotrophicus grew substantially and can oxidize Fe(II)-smectite to a higher extent than abiotic oxidation, based on X-ray near-edge spectroscopy (XANES). Sequential extraction showed that edge-Fe(II) is oxidized before interior-Fe(II) in both biotic and abiotic experiments. The resulting Fe(III) remains in smectite, as secondary minerals were not detected in biotic and abiotic oxidation products by XANES and Mössbauer spectroscopy. To determine the genes involved, we compared S. lithotrophicus grown on smectite versus Fe(II)-citrate using reverse-transcription quantitative PCR and found that cyc2 genes were highly expressed on both substrates, while mtoA was upregulated on smectite. Proteomics confirmed that Mto proteins were only expressed on smectite, indicating that ES-1 uses the Mto pathway to access solid Fe(II). We integrate our results into a biochemical and mineralogical model of microbial smectite oxidation. This work increases the known substrates for FeOB growth and expands the mechanisms of Fe(II)-smectite alteration in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanqing Zhou
- School
of Marine Science and Policy, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United
States
| | - Robert J. Kupper
- Department
of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington
University in St. Louis, Saint
Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Jeffrey G. Catalano
- Department
of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington
University in St. Louis, Saint
Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Aaron Thompson
- Department
of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of
Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Clara S. Chan
- School
of Marine Science and Policy, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United
States
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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19
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Jung J, Chung HY, Ko Y, Moon I, Suh YJ, Kim K. A microbial driver of clay mineral weathering and bioavailable Fe source under low-temperature conditions. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:980078. [PMID: 36071972 PMCID: PMC9441888 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.980078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotic and abiotic Fe(III) reduction of clay minerals (illite IMt-1) under low-temperature (0 and 4°C, pH 6) was studied to evaluate the effects of bioalteration on soil properties including clay structure and elemental composition. The extent of Fe reduction in bioreduced samples (∼3.8 % at 4°C and ∼3.1 % at 0°C) was lower than abiotic reduction (∼7.6 %) using dithionite as a strong reductant. However, variations in the illite crystallinity value of bioreduced samples (°Δ2θ = 0.580–0.625) were greater than those of abiotic reduced samples (°Δ2θ = 0.580–0.601), indicating that modification of crystal structure is unlikely to have occurred in abiotic reduction. Moreover, precipitation of secondary-phase minerals such as vivianite [Fe2+3(PO4)2⋅8H2O] and nano-sized biogenic silica were shown as evidence of reductive dissolution of Fe-bearing minerals that is observed only in a bioreduced setting. Our observation of a previously undescribed microbe–mineral interaction at low-temperature suggests a significant implication for the microbially mediated mineral alteration in Arctic permafrost, deep sea sediments, and glaciated systems resulting in the release of bioavailable Fe with an impact on low-temperature biogeochemical cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoo Jung
- Global Ocean Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyun Young Chung
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
- Department of Polar Science, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Youngtak Ko
- Deep-Sea Mineral Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, South Korea
| | - Inkyeong Moon
- Deep-Sea Mineral Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, South Korea
| | - Yeon Jee Suh
- Global Ocean Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, South Korea
| | - Kitae Kim
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
- Department of Polar Science, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Kitae Kim,
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20
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Hudson JM, Luther GW, Chin YP. Influence of Organic Ligands on the Redox Properties of Fe(II) as Determined by Mediated Electrochemical Oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:9123-9132. [PMID: 35675652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fe(II) has been extensively studied due to its importance as a reductant in biogeochemical processes and contaminant attenuation. Previous studies have shown that ligands can alter aqueous Fe(II) redox reactivity but their data interpretation is constrained by the use of probe compounds. Here, we employed mediated electrochemical oxidation (MEO) as an approach to directly quantify the extent of Fe(II) oxidation in the absence and presence of three model organic ligands (citrate, nitrilotriacetic acid, and ferrozine) across a range of potentials (EH) and pH, thereby manipulating oxidation over a broad range of fixed thermodynamic conditions. Fe(III)-stabilizing ligands enhanced Fe(II) reactivity in thermodynamically unfavorable regions (i.e., low pH and EH) while an Fe(II) stabilizing ligand (ferrozine) prevented oxidation across all thermodynamic regions. We experimentally derived apparent standard redox potentials, EHϕ, for these and other (oxalate, oxalate2, NTA2, EDTA, and OH2) Fe-ligand redox couples via oxidative current integration. Preferential stabilization of Fe(III) over Fe(II) decreased EHϕ values, and a Nernstian correlation between EHϕ and log(KFe(III)/KFe(II)) exists across a wide range of potentials and stability constants. We used this correlation to estimate log(KFe(III)/KFe(II)) for a natural organic matter isolate, demonstrating that MEO can be used to measure iron stability constant ratios for unknown ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Hudson
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - George W Luther
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Lewes, Delaware 19958, United States
| | - Yu-Ping Chin
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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21
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Satpathy A, Catalano JG, Giammar DE. Reduction of U(VI) on Chemically Reduced Montmorillonite and Surface Complexation Modeling of Adsorbed U(IV). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:4111-4120. [PMID: 35290018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption and subsequent reduction of U(VI) on Fe(II)-bearing clay minerals can control the mobility of uranium in subsurface environments. Clays such as montmorillonite provide substantial amounts of the reactive surface area in many subsurface environments, and montmorillonite-containing materials are used in the storage of spent nuclear fuel. We investigated the extent of reduction of U(VI) by Fe(II)-bearing montmorillonite at different pH values and sodium concentrations using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and chemical extractions. Nearly complete reduction of U(VI) to U(IV) occurred at a low sodium concentration at both pH 3 and 6. At pH 6 and a high sodium concentration, which inhibits U(VI) binding at cation-exchange sites, the extent of U(VI) reduction was only 70%. Surface-bound U(VI) on unreduced montmorillonite was more easily extracted into solution with bicarbonate than surface-bound U(IV) generated by reduction of U(VI) on Fe(II)-bearing montmorillonite. We developed a nonelectrostatic surface complexation model to interpret the equilibrium adsorption of U(IV) on Fe(II)-bearing montmorillonite as a function of pH and sodium concentration. These findings establish the potential importance of structural Fe(II) in low iron content smectites in controlling uranium mobility in subsurface environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Satpathy
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jeffrey G Catalano
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Daniel E Giammar
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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22
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Aeppli M, Babey T, Engel M, Lacroix EM, Tolar BB, Fendorf S, Bargar JR, Boye K. Export of Organic Carbon from Reduced Fine-Grained Zones Governs Biogeochemical Reactivity in a Simulated Aquifer. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:2738-2746. [PMID: 35072465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sediment interfaces in alluvial aquifers have a disproportionately large influence on biogeochemical activity and, therefore, on groundwater quality. Previous work showed that exports from fine-grained, organic-rich zones sustain reducing conditions in downstream coarse-grained aquifers beyond the influence of reduced aqueous products alone. Here, we show that sustained anaerobic activity can be attributed to the export of organic carbon, including live microorganisms, from fine-grained zones. We used a dual-domain column system with ferrihydrite-coated sand and embedded reduced, fine-grained lenses from Slate River (Crested Butte, CO) and Wind River (Riverton, WY) floodplains. After 50 d of groundwater flow, 8.8 ± 0.7% and 14.8 ± 3.1% of the total organic carbon exported from the Slate and Wind River lenses, respectively, had accumulated in the sand downstream. Furthermore, higher concentrations of dissolved Fe(II) and lower concentrations of dissolved organic carbon in the sand compared to total aqueous transport from the lenses suggest that Fe(II) was produced in situ by microbial oxidation of organic carbon coupled to iron reduction. This was further supported by an elevated abundance of 16S rRNA and iron-reducing (gltA) gene copies. These findings suggest that organic carbon transport across interfaces contributes to downstream biogeochemical reactions in natural alluvial aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meret Aeppli
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Tristan Babey
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Maya Engel
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Geochemistry and Biogeochemistry Group, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Emily M Lacroix
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Bradley B Tolar
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Scott Fendorf
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - John R Bargar
- Geochemistry and Biogeochemistry Group, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Kristin Boye
- Geochemistry and Biogeochemistry Group, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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23
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Xia Q, Jin Q, Chen Y, Zhang L, Li X, He S, Guo D, Liu J, Dong H. Combined Effects of Fe(III)-Bearing Nontronite and Organic Ligands on Biogenic U(IV) Oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:1983-1993. [PMID: 35012308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bioreduction of soluble U(VI) to sparingly soluble U(IV) solids was proposed as a remediation method for uranium contamination. Therefore, the stability and longevity of biogenic U(IV) are critical to the success of uranium remediation. However, co-occurrence of clay minerals and organic ligands could potentially reoxidize U(IV) to U(VI). Herein, we report a combined effect of Fe(III)-rich nontronite (NAu-2) and environmentally prevalent organic ligands on reoxidation of biogenic U(IV) at circumneutral pH. After 30 days of incubation, structural Fe(III) in NAu-2 oxidized 45.50% U(IV) with an initial rate of 2.7 × 10-3 mol m-2 d-1. Addition of citrate and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) greatly promoted the oxidative dissolution of U(IV) by structural Fe(III) in NAu-2, primarily through the formation of aqueous ligand-U(IV) complexes. In contrast, a model siderophore, desferrioxamine B (DFOB), partially inhibited U(IV) oxidation due to the formation of stable DFOB-Fe3+ complexes. The resulting U(VI) species intercalated into an NAu-2 interlayer or adsorbed onto an NAu-2 surface. Our results highlight the importance of organic ligands in oxidative dissolution of U(IV) minerals by Fe(III)-bearing clay minerals and have important implications for the design of nuclear waste storage and remediation strategies, especially in clay- and organic-rich environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyin Xia
- Center for Geomicrobiology and Biogeochemistry Research, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qusheng Jin
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Yu Chen
- Center for Geomicrobiology and Biogeochemistry Research, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Center for Geomicrobiology and Biogeochemistry Research, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Sheng He
- Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dongyi Guo
- Center for Geomicrobiology and Biogeochemistry Research, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Juan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hailiang Dong
- Center for Geomicrobiology and Biogeochemistry Research, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
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24
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Zhang N, Tong M, Yuan S. Redox transformation of structural iron in nontronite induced by quinones under anoxic conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 801:149637. [PMID: 34416610 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In natural anoxic subsurface environments, the geochemical cycles of iron are largely associated with the migration and transformation of organic matter. Intensive attention has been paid to the redox interaction of organic matter with aqueous Fe and iron (hydr)oxides. Whereas, the abiotic redox cycling of structural Fe in clay minerals induced by quinones has not been well understood. In this study, we selected nontronite (NAu-2) as a model Fe-bearing phyllosilicate clay mineral and 1,4-hydroquinone (H2Q)/1,4-benquinone (BQ) as a model quinone couple. Our results show that the structural Fe(III) in NAu-2, with tetrahedral Fe(III) priority, can oxidize H2Q into BQ, and octahedral Fe(II) in NAu-2 can reduce BQ to H2Q, with semiquinone radicals (SQ-) as intermediate. The extent of the redox reactions depends on the reduction potential difference between NAu-2 and H2Q/BQ. However, a fraction of Fe(II)-Fe(III)-OH and Fe(II)-Fe(II)-OH groups in the octahedral sheet are difficult to be oxidized by BQ, because the reduction potential gradient decreases to a low level as the reaction proceeds. And the structure of NAu-2 can only partially restored upon re-oxidation with tetrahedral Fe(III) irreversibility. Output of this study replenishes the understanding regarding redox cycling of structural Fe in clay minerals induced by quinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, NO. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, PR China
| | - Man Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, NO. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, PR China
| | - Songhu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, NO. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Basin Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, NO. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, PR China.
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25
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Review: Clay-Modified Electrodes in Heterogeneous Electro-Fenton Process for Degradation of Organic Compounds: The Potential of Structural Fe(III) as Catalytic Sites. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14247742. [PMID: 34947335 PMCID: PMC8703352 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes are considered as a promising technology for the removal of persistent organic pollutants from industrial wastewaters. In particular, the heterogeneous electro-Fenton (HEF) process has several advantages such as allowing the working pH to be circumneutral or alkaline, recovering and reusing the catalyst and avoiding the release of iron in the environment as a secondary pollutant. Among different iron-containing catalysts, studies using clay-modified electrodes in HEF process are the focus in this review. Fe(III)/Fe(II) within the lattice of clay minerals can possibly serve as catalytic sites in HEF process. The description of the preparation and application of clay-modified electrodes in the degradation of model pollutants in HEF process is detailed in the review. The absence of mediators responsible for transferring electrons to structural Fe(III) and regenerating catalytic Fe(II) was considered as a milestone in the field. A comprehensive review of studies investigating the use of electron transfer mediators as well as the mechanism behind electron transfer from and to the clay mineral structure was assembled in order to uncover other milestones to be addressed in this study area.
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26
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Cai X, Luo X, Yuan Y, Li J, Yu Z, Zhou S. Stimulation of phenanthrene and biphenyl degradation by biochar-conducted long distance electron transfer in soil bioelectrochemical systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 797:149124. [PMID: 34303229 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The bioelectrochemical degradation of organic pollutants has attracted considerable attention owing to its remarkable sustainability and low cost. However, the application of bioelectrochemical system (BES) for the degradation of pollutants in soils is hindered by limitations in the effective distance in the soil matrix. In this study, a biochar-amended BES was constructed to evaluate the degradation of organic pollutants. This system was expected to extend the electron transfer distance via conductive biochar in soils. The results showed that biochar pyrolyzed at 900 °C facilitated the degradation of phenanthrene (PHE) and biphenyl (BP) in the soil BES (SBES), reaching 86.4%-95.1% and 88.8%-95.3% in 27 days, respectively. The effective distance of SBESs was estimated to be 154-271 cm away from the electrode, which increased 1.9-3 fold after the addition of biochar. Microbial community and functional gene analysis confirmed that biochar enriched functional degrading bacteria. These findings demonstrate that the promotion of long-distance electron transfer and the formation of soil conductive networks can be achieved by biochar amendment. Thus, this study provides a basis for the effective degradation of for persistent organic pollutants in petroleum-contaminated soils using bioelectrochemical strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Cai
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoshan Luo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jibing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Shungui Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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27
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Wang Y, Ling J, Gu C, Zhou S, Jin X. Dissolution of Fe from Fe-bearing minerals during the brown-carbonization processes in atmosphere. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 791:148133. [PMID: 34119791 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies found Fe dissolution in atmosphere correlates to biomass burning, while the underlying mechanisms need to be further investigated. In this study, we reported a laboratory investigation about Fe dissolution behavior of two model Fe-bearing clay minerals of montmorillonite (SWy-2) and illite (IMt-2), and one standard mineral dust of Arizona test dust (AZTD) in atmospheric condition (pH = 2), after the minerals engaging into the brown-carbonization reaction with guaiacol, which is a commonly detected volatile phenol substance in biomass burning. The results show that the pre-brown-carbonization reaction promoted Fe dissolution from all the three minerals, attributing to the reduction of Fe(III) by gaseous guaiacol. The Fe dissolution from SWy-2, IMt-2 and AZTD were also compared under both light and dark conditions to simulate the daytime and nighttime atmospheric processes. As a result, model solar irradiation further promoted Fe dissolution from IMt-2 and AZTD, since both minerals contain moderate photo-reducible Fe(III) oxide or/and Fe(III) oxyhydroxide. The promotive effect of solar irradiation on Fe dissolution from AZTD would be gradually diminished because the photo-reactive Fe(III) is also guaiacol-reducible. Whereas, it was on the contrary for SWy-2 which does not contain the Fe(III) (oxyhydr-)oxide phase. And more dependently, the photo-induced hydroxyl radical (OH) on SWy-2 would re-oxidize the formed Fe(II), unless sufficient amount of guaiacol or brown-carbonization products on SWy-2 consumed the OH and complexed with surface coordinated Fe(III) forming photo-reducible Fe(III). The results of this study suggested the brown carbonization process on minerals would greatly mediate the Fe dissolution behavior from the Fe-bearing mineral dusts in atmosphere. Similar processes might need to be taken into consideration to accurately evaluate the input of Fe from atmosphere to open oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- College of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211167, China
| | - Jingyi Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Cheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Shaoda Zhou
- Nanjing Kaver Scientific Instruments, Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China
| | - Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
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28
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Huang J, Jones A, Waite TD, Chen Y, Huang X, Rosso KM, Kappler A, Mansor M, Tratnyek PG, Zhang H. Fe(II) Redox Chemistry in the Environment. Chem Rev 2021; 121:8161-8233. [PMID: 34143612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is the fourth most abundant element in the earth's crust and plays important roles in both biological and chemical processes. The redox reactivity of various Fe(II) forms has gained increasing attention over recent decades in the areas of (bio) geochemistry, environmental chemistry and engineering, and material sciences. The goal of this paper is to review these recent advances and the current state of knowledge of Fe(II) redox chemistry in the environment. Specifically, this comprehensive review focuses on the redox reactivity of four types of Fe(II) species including aqueous Fe(II), Fe(II) complexed with ligands, minerals bearing structural Fe(II), and sorbed Fe(II) on mineral oxide surfaces. The formation pathways, factors governing the reactivity, insights into potential mechanisms, reactivity comparison, and characterization techniques are discussed with reference to the most recent breakthroughs in this field where possible. We also cover the roles of these Fe(II) species in environmental applications of zerovalent iron, microbial processes, biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nutrients, and their abiotic oxidation related processes in natural and engineered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhi Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2104 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Adele Jones
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - T David Waite
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Yiling Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaopeng Huang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Kevin M Rosso
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Andreas Kappler
- Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Muammar Mansor
- Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Paul G Tratnyek
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Huichun Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2104 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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29
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Van Groeningen N, Christl I, Kretzschmar R. The Effect of Aeration on Mn(II) Sorbed to Clay Minerals and Its Impact on Cd Retention. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:1650-1658. [PMID: 33444011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Manganese is a redox-sensitive element in soils and sediments that plays an important role in the retention of trace elements. Under anoxic conditions, clay minerals were shown to increase Cd retention by favoring the precipitation of Mn(II) phases. In this study, we investigated the influence of aeration on anoxically formed Mn solid phases and its impact on Cd retention in the presence of two clay minerals with low Fe contents, a natural kaolinite (KGa-1b) and a synthetic montmorillonite (Syn-1). Ca-saturated KGa-1b and Syn-1 were pre-equilibrated with Mn2+ and Cd2+ under anoxic conditions for 1 or 30 days and subsequently exposed to air for 1 or 30 days. The analysis with synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) revealed that extended anoxic pre-equilibration (30 days) partially prevented the oxidation of sorbed Mn(II) (MnSiO3 and Mn(II)Al-LDH). Extended exposure to ambient air and short anoxic pre-equilibration favored the formation of feitknechtite (β-MnOOH) and birnessite (δ-MnO2). Aeration resulted in a decrease of pH and a net release of Cd2+ into the solution, indicating that Cd re-sorption by Mn(III/IV)-phases was insufficient to compensate for the release of Cd2+ due to dissolution of Mn(II)-containing phases and the decrease in pH. Our results demonstrate the significance of clay minerals in the (trans)formation of Mn-containing phases and their impact on trace metal retention in environments undergoing fluctuating redox conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Van Groeningen
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, CHN, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Iso Christl
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, CHN, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ruben Kretzschmar
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, CHN, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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30
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Kappler A, Bryce C, Mansor M, Lueder U, Byrne JM, Swanner ED. An evolving view on biogeochemical cycling of iron. Nat Rev Microbiol 2021; 19:360-374. [PMID: 33526911 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-020-00502-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Biogeochemical cycling of iron is crucial to many environmental processes, such as ocean productivity, carbon storage, greenhouse gas emissions and the fate of nutrients, toxic metals and metalloids. Knowledge of the underlying processes involved in iron cycling has accelerated in recent years along with appreciation of the complex network of biotic and abiotic reactions dictating the speciation, mobility and reactivity of iron in the environment. Recent studies have provided insights into novel processes in the biogeochemical iron cycle such as microbial ammonium oxidation and methane oxidation coupled to Fe(III) reduction. They have also revealed that processes in the biogeochemical iron cycle spatially overlap and may compete with each other, and that oxidation and reduction of iron occur cyclically or simultaneously in many environments. This Review discusses these advances with particular focus on their environmental consequences, including the formation of greenhouse gases and the fate of nutrients and contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kappler
- Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Casey Bryce
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Muammar Mansor
- Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulf Lueder
- Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - James M Byrne
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Elizabeth D Swanner
- Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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Zeng Q, Wang X, Liu X, Huang L, Hu J, Chu R, Tolic N, Dong H. Mutual Interactions between Reduced Fe-Bearing Clay Minerals and Humic Acids under Dark, Oxygenated Conditions: Hydroxyl Radical Generation and Humic Acid Transformation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:15013-15023. [PMID: 32991154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyl radicals (·OH) exert a strong impact on the carbon cycle due to their nonselective and highly oxidizing nature. Reduced iron-containing clay minerals (RIC) are one of the major contributors to the formation of ·OH in dark environments, but their interactions with humic acids (HA) are poorly known. Here, we investigate the mutual interactions between RIC and HA under dark and oxygenated conditions. HA decreased the oxidation rate of structural Fe(II) in RIC but significantly promoted the ·OH yield. HA dissolved a fraction of Fe(II) from RIC to form an aqueous Fe(II)-HA complex. ·OH were generated through both heterogeneous (through oxidation of structural Fe(II)) and homogeneous pathways (through oxidation of aqueous Fe(II)-HA species). RIC-mediated ·OH production by providing H2O2 to react with Fe(II)-HA and electrons to regenerate Fe(II)-HA. This highly efficient homogeneous pathway was responsible for increased ·OH yield. Abundant ·OH significantly decreased the molecular size, bleached chromophores, and increased the oxygen-containing functional groups of HA. These molecular changes of HA resembled photochemical transformation of HA. The mutual interaction between RIC and HA in dark and redox-fluctuating environments provides a new pathway for fast turnover of recalcitrant organic matters in clay- and HA-rich ecosystems such as tropical forest soils and tidal marsh sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zeng
- Center for Geomicrobiology and Biogeochemistry Research, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Center for Geomicrobiology and Biogeochemistry Research, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Center for Geomicrobiology and Biogeochemistry Research, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liuqin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jinglong Hu
- Center for Geomicrobiology and Biogeochemistry Research, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Rosalie Chu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Nikola Tolic
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Hailiang Dong
- Center for Geomicrobiology and Biogeochemistry Research, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
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32
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Zhao S, Jin Q, Sheng Y, Agrawal A, Guo D, Dong H. Promotion of Microbial Oxidation of Structural Fe(II) in Nontronite by Oxalate and NTA. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:13026-13035. [PMID: 32845130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Iron redox cycling occurs extensively in soils and sediments. Previous research has focused on microbially mediated redox cycling of aqueous Fe. At circumneutral pH, most Fe occurs in solid phase, where Fe and organic ligands interact closely. However, the role of organic ligands in microbial oxidation of solid-phase Fe(II) is not well understood. Here, we incubated reduced nontronite NAu-2 (rNAu-2) with an iron-oxidizing bacterium and in the presence of oxalate and nitrilotriacetic acid. These ligands significantly enhanced the rate and extent of microbial oxidation of structural Fe(II) in rNAu-2. Aqueous and solid-phase analyses, coupled with biogeochemical modeling, revealed a pathway for ligand-enhanced bio-oxidation of solid-phase Fe(II): (1) dissolution of rNAu-2 to form aqueous Fe(II)-ligand complex; (2) bio-oxidation to Fe(III)-ligand complex; (3) rapid reduction of Fe(III)-ligand complex to Fe(II)-ligand complex by structural Fe(II) in rNAu-2. In this process, the Fe(II)-ligand and Fe(III)-ligand complexes effectively serve as electron shuttle to expand the bioavailable pool of solid-phase Fe(II). These results have important implications for a better understanding of the bioavailability and reactivity of solid-phase Fe pool in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Zhao
- Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Qusheng Jin
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Yizhi Sheng
- Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Abinash Agrawal
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435, United States
| | - Dongyi Guo
- Geomicrobiology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hailiang Dong
- Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
- Geomicrobiology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
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Wang H, Zhao HP, Zhu L. Role of Pyrogenic Carbon in Parallel Microbial Reduction of Nitrobenzene in the Liquid and Sorbed Phases. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:8760-8769. [PMID: 32525663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface functional groups and graphitic carbons make up the electroactive components of pyrogenic carbon. The role of pyrogenic carbon with different contents of electroactive components in mediating electron transfer in biochemical reactions has not been systematically studied. Here, we determined the electron exchange capacity (EEC) of pyrogenic carbon to be 0.067-0.120 mmol e-·(g of pyrogenic carbon)-1, and the maximum electrical conductivity (EC) was 4.85 S·cm-1. Nitrobenzene was simultaneously reduced in both the liquid and sorbed phases by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 in the presence of pyrogenic carbon. Pyrogenic carbon did not affect the aqueous nitrobenzene reduction, and the reduction of sorbed nitrobenzene was much slower than that of the aqueous species. Enhancing contents of oxygenated functional moieties in pyrogenic carbon with HNO3 oxidation elevated bioreduction rates of the aqueous and sorbed species. Anthraquinone groups were deemed as the most likely oxygenated functional redox compounds on the basis of both voltammetric curve tests and spectroscopic analysis. The reactivity of pyrogenic carbon in mediating the reduction of sorbed nitrobenzene was positively correlated with its EC, which was demonstrated to be related to condensed aromatic structures. This work elucidates the mechanism for pyrogenic carbon-mediated biotransformation of nitrobenzene and helps properly evaluate the role of pyrogenic carbon in biogeochemical redox processes happening in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hefei Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - He-Ping Zhao
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Van Groeningen N, ThomasArrigo LK, Byrne JM, Kappler A, Christl I, Kretzschmar R. Interactions of ferrous iron with clay mineral surfaces during sorption and subsequent oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:1355-1367. [PMID: 32374339 DOI: 10.1039/d0em00063a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In submerged soils and sediments, clay minerals are often exposed to anoxic waters containing ferrous iron (Fe2+). Here, we investigated the sorption of Fe2+ onto a synthetic montmorillonite (Syn-1) low in structural Fe (<0.05 mmol Fe per kg) under anoxic conditions and the effects of subsequent oxidation. Samples were prepared at two Fe-loadings (0.05 and 0.5 mol Fe added per kg clay) and equilibrated for 1 and 30 days under anoxic conditions (O2 < 0.1 ppm), followed by exposure to ambient air. Iron solid-phase speciation and mineral identity was analysed by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Mössbauer analyses showed that Fe(ii) was partially oxidized (14-100% of total added Fe2+) upon sorption to Syn-1 under anoxic conditions. XAS results revealed that the added Fe2+ mainly formed precipitates (layered Fe minerals, Fe(iii)-bearing clay minerals, ferrihydrite, and lepidocrocite) in different quantities depending on the Fe-loading. Exposing the suspensions to ambient air resulted in rapid and complete oxidation of sorbed Fe(ii) and the formation of Fe(iii)-phases (Fe(iii)-bearing clay minerals, ferrihydrite, and lepidocrocite), demonstrating that the clay minerals were unable to protect ferrous Fe from oxidation, even when equilibrated 30 days under anoxic conditions prior to oxidation. Our findings clarify the role of clay minerals in the formation and stability of Fe-bearing solid phases during redox cycles in periodically anoxic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Van Groeningen
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, CHN, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Laurel K ThomasArrigo
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, CHN, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - James M Byrne
- Geomicrobiology Group, Centre for Applied Geosciences (ZAG), University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstrasse 12, D-72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Kappler
- Geomicrobiology Group, Centre for Applied Geosciences (ZAG), University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstrasse 12, D-72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Iso Christl
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, CHN, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Ruben Kretzschmar
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, CHN, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Sun Z, Huang M, Liu C, Fang G, Chen N, Zhou D, Gao J. The formation of •OH with Fe-bearing smectite clays and low-molecular-weight thiols: Implication of As(III) removal. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 174:115631. [PMID: 32114017 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight thiols (LMWTs) are widely occurring in waters and soils, which can act as electron shuttles in biogeochemical cycles. It is interesting to study the interactions between LMWTs and clay minerals, which would produce free radicals on clay surfaces and influence As(III) transformation. Batch experiments and spectroscopic analysis in combined with computational modeling were conducted with three Fe-bearing clay minerals (Na-NAu-1, Na-NAu-2 and Na-SAz-2) and four LMWTs (l-cysteine, cysteamine, homocysteine, and glutathione) to investigate the reaction mechanisms of LMWTs with Fe-bearing clay minerals and influences of clay types and LMWT structures on the interactions. The results showed that Fe-bearing clay minerals can improve 2.4-3.7 times of •OH formation in 96-h LMWTs oxidation. Quenching experiments confirmed surface-Fenton-like reactions were the main pathways of •OH formation in the presence of Fe-bearing smectite clay minerals. The most possible hypothesis is that structural Fe (III) can accept electrons from LMWTs through proton-coupled transfer from -SH functional group, which was supported by FTIR, XRD and Mössbauer spectroscopies. The results of DFT calculations suggested that clay surfaces could accelerate RS• formation and stabilize the radicals. The addition of Na-NAu-2 in the cystein solution could increase As(III) oxidation to As(V) from 16.3% to 42.0%. The results imply that in-situ •OH formation in the presence of LMWTs and smectite clays may be an important geochemical process for the transformation of environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meiying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Guodong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Juan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Ai J, Ma H, Tobler DJ, Mangayayam MC, Lu C, van den Berg FWJ, Yin W, Bruun Hansen HC. Bone Char Mediated Dechlorination of Trichloroethylene by Green Rust. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:3643-3652. [PMID: 32106669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biochars function as electron transfer mediators and thus catalyze redox transformations of environmental pollutants. A previous study has shown that bone char (BC) has high catalytic activity for reduction of chlorinated ethylenes using layered Fe(II)-Fe(III) hydroxide (green rust) as reductant. In the present study, we studied the rate of trichloroethylene (TCE) reduction by green rust in the presence of BCs obtained at pyrolysis temperatures (PTs) from 450 to 1050 °C. The reactivity increased with PT, yielding a maximum pseudo-first-order rate constant (k) of 2.0 h-1 in the presence of BC pyrolyzed at 950 °C, while no reaction was seen for BC pyrolyzed at 450 °C. TCE sorption, specific surface area, extent of graphitization, carbon content, and aromaticity of the BCs also increased with PT. The electron-accepting capacity (EAC) of BC peaked at PT of 850 °C, and EAC was linearly correlated with the sum of concentrations of quinoid, quaternary N, and pyridine-N-oxide groups measured by XPS. Moreover, no TCE reduction was seen with graphene nanoparticles and graphitized carbon black, which have high degrees of graphitization but low EAC values. Further analyses showed that TCE reduction rates are well correlated with the EAC and the C/H ratio (proxy of electrical conductivity) of the BCs, strongly indicating that both electron-accepting functional groups and electron-conducting domains are crucial for the BC catalytic reactivity. The present study delineates conditions for designing redox-reactive biochars to be used for remediation of sites contaminated with chlorinated solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ai
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Hui Ma
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Dominique J Tobler
- Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, København Ø, Denmark
| | - Marco C Mangayayam
- Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, København Ø, Denmark
| | - Changyong Lu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Frans W J van den Berg
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Weizhao Yin
- School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hans Christian Bruun Hansen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Liu X, Yuan S, Zhang P, Zhu J, Tong M. Reduced nontronite-activated H 2O 2 for contaminants degradation: The beneficial role of clayed fractions in ISCO treatments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 386:121945. [PMID: 31893557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Clayed fractions in aquifers are generally deemed to be detrimental for in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) treatments due to the difficulty of oxidant injection/transport and the retention/rebound of contaminants. Using a model clay mineral nontronite and a real sediment, here we show that the component of structural Fe(II) in clay minerals is particularly effective in activating hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to hydroxyl radicals (OH) for contaminants degradation under pH-neutral conditions. Using reduced nontronite (Fe(II)/Fetotal : 40 %) as a model Fe(II)-bearing clay mineral, 2 mg/L trichloroethylene (TCE) was degraded by 82.0 % and 95.3 %at 2.5 min and 30 min, respectively, under the condition of 0.6 g/L reduced nontronite, 0.5 mM H2O2and pH 7.5. Reactive structural Fe(II) in nontronite was responsible for the initial quick reaction. The degradation was also efficient for phenol, benzoic, toluene and naphthalene, but exhibited higher efficiencies for those with stronger sorption to nontronite. With similar concentrations of H2O2 and Fe(II), nontronite-activated H2O2 at pH 7.5 led to similar efficiencies of TCE degradation and H2O2 utilization to classic homogeneous Fenton at pH 3. A real clayed sediment showed similar performance in activating H2O2 for contaminant degradation. Our findings implicate that clayed fractions in aquifers may probably contribute to contaminants degradation in H2O2-based ISCO treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, 188 Daxue East Road, Nanning 530006, PR China
| | - Songhu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Jian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Man Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China
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38
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Jung J, Yoo KC, Rosenheim BE, Conway TM, Lee JI, Yoon HI, Hwang CY, Yang K, Subt C, Kim J. Microbial Fe(III) reduction as a potential iron source from Holocene sediments beneath Larsen Ice Shelf. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5786. [PMID: 31857591 PMCID: PMC6923428 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13741-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent recession of the Larsen Ice Shelf C has revealed microbial alterations of illite in marine sediments, a process typically thought to occur during low-grade metamorphism. In situ breakdown of illite provides a previously-unobserved pathway for the release of dissolved Fe2+ to porewaters, thus enhancing clay-rich Antarctic sub-ice shelf sediments as an important source of Fe to Fe-limited surface Southern Ocean waters during ice shelf retreat after the Last Glacial Maximum. When sediments are underneath the ice shelf, Fe2+ from microbial reductive dissolution of illite/Fe-oxides may be exported to the water column. However, the initiation of an oxygenated, bioturbated sediment under receding ice shelves may oxidize Fe within surface porewaters, decreasing dissolved Fe2+ export to the ocean. Thus, we identify another ice-sheet feedback intimately tied to iron biogeochemistry during climate transitions. Further constraints on the geographical extent of this process will impact our understanding of iron-carbon feedbacks during major deglaciations. Recent recession of the Larsen Ice Shelf C has revealed that microbial alteration of illite can occur within marine sediments, a process previously thought to only occur abiotically during low-grade metamorphism. Here, the authors show that such microbial alteration of illite could provide a potential source of Fe release to Southern Ocean waters during Holocene glacial cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoo Jung
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Kyu-Cheul Yoo
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Korea
| | - Brad E Rosenheim
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Tim M Conway
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,School of Geosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jae Il Lee
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Korea
| | - Ho Il Yoon
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Korea
| | | | - Kiho Yang
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Christina Subt
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jinwook Kim
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
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39
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Subdiaga E, Orsetti S, Haderlein SB. Effects of Sorption on Redox Properties of Natural Organic Matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:14319-14328. [PMID: 31742392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural organic matter (NOM) is an important redox-active component of natural porous media and predominantly occurs in the sorbed state. Nevertheless, the effects of NOM sorption at minerals on its redox properties are unknown and thus are the major objective of this study. We report how adsorption of three different humic acids (HAs) to redox-inert sorbents (polar Al2O3 and nonpolar DAX-8 resin) affects their electron-exchange capacities (EEC) and redox states. The electron-donating capacity of HAs sorbed at Al2O3 increased by up to 200%, whereas the EEC of the remaining dissolved HA fractions decreased compared with their initial properties. Sorption at DAX-8, however, did not affect significantly the EEC of HAs. We rationalize these results by (i) preferential sorption of NOM components rich in redox-active groups (e.g., quinone, polyphenols) and (ii) surface-catalyzed polymerization of polyphenolic compounds. Our results demonstrate that even in the absence of electron exchange with the sorbent, adsorption to polar mineral surfaces considerably affects the redox properties of NOM. Quantification of the redox state and EEC of adsorbed NOM is thus crucial for assessing electron-transfer processes as well as organic carbon stabilization and sequestration in soils and sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edisson Subdiaga
- Center for Applied Geosciences , Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen , Hölderlinstr. 12 , D-72074 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Silvia Orsetti
- Center for Applied Geosciences , Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen , Hölderlinstr. 12 , D-72074 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Stefan B Haderlein
- Center for Applied Geosciences , Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen , Hölderlinstr. 12 , D-72074 Tübingen , Germany
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40
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Chen N, Huang M, Liu C, Fang G, Liu G, Sun Z, Zhou D, Gao J, Gu C. Transformation of tetracyclines induced by Fe(III)-bearing smectite clays under anoxic dark conditions. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 165:114997. [PMID: 31470282 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Smectite clays are widely found in subsurface soils and waters. Although they strongly sequester tetracyclines (TCs), little is known about their reactions with these antibiotics under dark anoxic conditions. This study investigated the interactions between TCs and Fe-bearing smectite clays and the influences of environmental factors. Fe-bearing smectite clays were shown to significantly induce the transformation of TCs, including tautomerization, dechlorination, and dehydration. Moreover, the adsorbed TCs reduced the structural Fe(III) in clay particles to structural Fe(II) through electron transfer. The transformation of TCs was more readily induced by smectite clays with a higher rather than a lower Fe content. Tetrahedral Fe(III), and distorted cis- or trans-octahedral Fe(III), were more reactive as an electron acceptor than cis-octahedral Fe(III), as observed on the Mössbauer and FTIR spectra. A lower pH facilitated the adsorption of TCs through dimethyl-amino, amide, and conjugated -OH functional groups and induced a higher rate of TCs transformation. The transformation of chlortetracycline (CTC) was faster than that of oxytetracycline or tetracycline (TTC) due to -Cl substitution. The major transformation CTC products included keto-CTC, epi-CTC, iso-CTC, anhydro-CTC and TTC. Mixtures of these transformed products were found to have a higher acute toxicity than their parent compounds to Photobacterium phosphoreum T3. Our study revealed several previously overlooked interactions between TCs and clay particles that could cause these antibiotics to become unstable in the subsurface environment, with negative effects on the soil-borne microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, CAS, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meiying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, CAS, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, CAS, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China
| | - Guodong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, CAS, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China
| | - Guangxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Zhaoyue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, CAS, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, CAS, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Juan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, CAS, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China.
| | - Cheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China.
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Pavitt AS, Tratnyek PG. Electrochemical characterization of natural organic matter by direct voltammetry in an aprotic solvent. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2019; 21:1664-1683. [PMID: 31576393 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00313d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The complex and indeterminant composition of NOM makes characterization of its redox properties challenging. Approaches that have been taken to address this challenge include chemical probe reactions, potentiometric titrations, chronocoulometry, and voltammetry. In this study, we revisit the use of direct voltammetric methods in aprotic solvents by applying an expanded and refined suite of methods to a large set of NOM samples and model compounds (54 NOM samples from 10 different sources, 7 NOM model compounds, and 2 fresh extracts of plant materials that are high in redox-active quinonoid model compounds dissolved in DMSO). Refinements in the methods of fitting the data obtained by staircase cyclic voltammetry (SCV) provided improved definition of peaks, and square wave voltammetry (SWV), performed under the same conditions as SCV, provided even more reliable identification and quantitation of peaks. Further evidence is provided that DMSO improves the electrode response by unfolding some of the tertiary structure of NOM polymers, thereby allowing greater contact between redox active functional groups and the electrode surface. We averaged experimental peak potentials for all NOM compounds and calculated potentials in water. Average values for Epa1, Epc1, and Ep1 in DMSO were -0.866 ± 0.069, -1.35 ± 0.071, and -0.831 ± 0.051 V vs. Ag/Ag+, and -0.128, -0.613, and -0.0930 V vs. SHE in water. In addition to peak potentials, the breadth of SCV peaks was quantified as a way to characterize the degree to which the redox activity of NOM is due to a continuum of contributing functional groups. The average breadth values were 1.63 ± 0.24, 1.28 ± 0.34, and 0.648 ± 0.15 V for Epa1, Epc1, and Ep1 respectively. Comparative analysis of the overall dataset-from SCV and SWV on all NOMs and model compounds-revealed that NOM redox properties vary over a narrower range than expected based on model compound properties. This lack of diversity in redox properties of NOM is similar to conclusions from other recent work on the molecular structure of NOM, all of which could be the result of selectivity in the common extraction methods used to obtain the materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ania S Pavitt
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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Zhang Y, Xu X, Zhang P, Qiu H, Cao X. Pyrolysis-temperature depended quinone and carbonyl groups as the electron accepting sites in barley grass derived biochar. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 232:273-280. [PMID: 31154188 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has been proven to possess the electron transfer property that can participate in the biogeochemical redox reaction in the environment. In this study, the electron accepting capacities (EACs) of the barley grass biochars produced at the various temperatures from 350 °C to 800 °C were investigated. The EAC values were in the range of 0.27-0.72 mmol e- (g biochar)-1 and showed increase as the pyrolysis temperature increased from 350 °C to 450 °C, slight decrease with temperature increasing from 450 °C to 500 °C, and then increase again from 650 °C to 800 °C. The O-containing groups were the EAC moieties identified by temperature programmed desorption coupled with mass spectroscopy (TPD-MS) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and carbonyl and quinone were the main EAC moieties, accounting for 75.4%-95.7% as the pyrolysis temperature increased from 350 °C to 800 °C. Overall, carbonyl and quinone determined the EACs properties of biochar which were affected by the pyrolysis temperature. The results will help us to develop biochar with controlled electron accepting property for specific environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Pengyu Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hao Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xinde Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Environmental Protection and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200290, China.
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43
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Biswas B, Warr LN, Hilder EF, Goswami N, Rahman MM, Churchman JG, Vasilev K, Pan G, Naidu R. Biocompatible functionalisation of nanoclays for improved environmental remediation. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:3740-3770. [PMID: 31206104 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs01019f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Among the wide range of materials used for remediating environmental contaminants, modified and functionalised nanoclays show particular promise as advanced sorbents, improved dispersants, or biodegradation enhancers. However, many chemically modified nanoclay materials are incompatible with living organisms when they are used in natural systems with detrimental implications for ecosystem recovery. Here we critically review the pros and cons of functionalised nanoclays and provide new perspectives on the synthesis of environmentally friendly varieties. Particular focus is given to finding alternatives to conventional surfactants used in modified nanoclay products, and to exploring strategies in synthesising nanoclay-supported metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. A large number of promising nanoclay-based sorbents are yet to satisfy environmental biocompatibility in situ but opportunities are there to tailor them to produce "biocompatible" or regenerative/reusable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhabananda Biswas
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia. and Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), ACT building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Laurence N Warr
- Institute for Geography and Geology, University of Greifswald, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Emily F Hilder
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Nirmal Goswami
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Mohammad M Rahman
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), ACT building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. and Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Jock G Churchman
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Gang Pan
- Centre of Integrated Water-Energy-Food Studies, School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Southwell, NG25 0QF, UK
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), ACT building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. and Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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44
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Wang Y, Liu C, Peng A, Gu C. Fomration of hydroxylated polychlorinated diphenyl ethers mediated by Structural Fe(III) in smectites. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 226:94-102. [PMID: 30921641 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fe(III)-bearing clay minerals are ubiquitous in the environment. However, the fate of organic contaminants mediated by structural Fe(III) in clays was rarely reported. Here we demonstrated that hydroxylated polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (HO-PCDEs) could be spontaneously formed from the reaction of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) with three native smectites: SWy-2, NAu-1, and NAu-2. Further research demonstrated that the structural Fe(III) in smectite is indispensable for the mediation of 2,4,6-TCP to produce chlorophenoxy radical for the subsequent dimerization. The reaction is highly dependent on the relative humidity of the system and the site occupancy of structural Fe(III). Active structural Fe(III) in NAu-2 that played a significant role in the dimerization reaction is relatively more distorted, which would interact strongly with 2,4,6-TCP under low humidity and be inhibited by water molecules. Hence reaction on NAu-2 is suppressed as relative humidity increases. Whereas, water molecules would reduce the activation and reaction energies via forming a hydrogen bond with reaction intermediates, thus enhancing the reactions on SWy-2 and NAu-1 with less water sensitive structural Fe(III). Considering the wide distribution of Fe(III)-bearing smectites in the environment, the contribution of structural Fe(III) for the formation of more toxic dioxin-like compounds from chlorophenols might need to be taken into consideration to evaluate their potential environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Cun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, PR China
| | - Anping Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Cheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China.
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Wang Y, Peng A, Chen Z, Jin X, Gu C. Transformation of gaseous 2-bromophenol on clay mineral dust and the potential health effect. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 250:686-694. [PMID: 31035151 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Iron-bearing clays are ubiquitously distributed as mineral dusts in the atmosphere. Bromophenols were reported as the major products from thermal decomposition of the widely used brominated flame retardants (BFRs). However, little information is available for the reactivity of iron associated with mineral dusts to interact with the atmospheric bromophenols and the subsequent toxic effects. Herein, three common clay minerals (montmorillonite, illite and kaolinite) were used to simulate mineral dusts, and the reactions with gaseous 2-bromophenol were systematically investigated under environmentally relevant atmospheric conditions. Our results demonstrate that structural Fe(III) in montmorillonite and Fe(III) from iron oxide in illite mediated the dimerization of 2-bromophenol to form hydroxylated polybrominated biphenyl and hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ether. The surface reaction is favored to occur at moisture environment, since water molecules formed complex with 2-bromophenol and the reaction intermediates via hydrogen bond to significantly lower the reaction energy and promote the dimerization reaction. More importantly, the formed dioxin-like products on clay mineral dust increased the toxicity of the particles to A549 lung cell by decreasing cell survival and damaging cellular membrane and proteins. The results of this study indicate that not only mineral dust itself but also the associated surface reaction should be fully considered to accurately evaluate the toxic effect of mineral dust on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Anping Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Zeyou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Cheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China.
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Kéri A, Dähn R, Krack M, Churakov SV. Characterization of Structural Iron in Smectites - An Ab Initio Based X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:6877-6886. [PMID: 31120750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fe-bearing clay minerals are abundant in argillaceous rocks as their redox-active structural iron may control the sorption mechanism of redox sensitive elements on the surface of clay minerals. The extent and efficiency of the redox reactions depend on the oxidation state (Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio) and structural distribution of the substituting cations in the TOT-layer of clay minerals. Even smectites with similar structure originating from different locations might have a distinct arrangement of isomorphic substitutions (e.g., individual iron or Fe-Fe pairs). In this study, the proportion of different iron distribution in Milos-, Wyoming-, and Texas-montmorillonite was determined by combining X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) with ab initio calculations. The relaxed atomic structures of the smectite models with different arrangement of individual Fe atoms and Fe-Fe/Fe-Mg clusters served as the basis for the calculations of the XAS spectra. The combination of simulation results and measured Fe K-edge XAS spectra of Wyoming-, Milos- and Texas-montmorillonites suggested that iron is present as Fe3+ in the octahedral sheet. Fe3+ in Texas-montmorillonite has a tendency to form clusters, while no definitive statement about clustering or avoidance of Fe-Fe and Fe-Mg pairs can be made for Milos- and Wyoming-montmorillonite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamária Kéri
- Laboratory for Waste Management , Paul Scherrer Institute , CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Institute for Geological Sciences , University of Bern , CH-3012 Bern , Switzerland
| | - Rainer Dähn
- Laboratory for Waste Management , Paul Scherrer Institute , CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Krack
- Laboratory for Scientific Computing and Modelling , Paul Scherrer Institute , CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Sergey V Churakov
- Laboratory for Waste Management , Paul Scherrer Institute , CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Institute for Geological Sciences , University of Bern , CH-3012 Bern , Switzerland
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Valášková M, Tokarský J, Pavlovský J, Prostějovský T, Kočí K. α-Fe 2O 3 Nanoparticles/Vermiculite Clay Material: Structural, Optical and Photocatalytic Properties. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12111880. [PMID: 31212663 PMCID: PMC6600952 DOI: 10.3390/ma12111880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalysis is increasingly becoming a center of interest due to its wide use in environmental remediation. Hematite (α-Fe2O3) is one promising candidate for photocatalytic applications. Clay materials as vermiculite (Ver) can be used as a carrier to accommodate and stabilize photocatalysts. Two different temperatures (500 °C and 700 °C) were used for preparation of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles/vermiculite clay materials. The experimental methods used for determination of structural, optical and photocatalytic properties were X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), N2 adsorption method (BET), diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectroscopy (DRS), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and photocatalytic reduction of CO2, respectively. The data from XRD were confronted with molecular modeling of the material arrangement in the interlayer space of vermiculite structure and the possibility of anchoring the α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles to the surface and edge of vermiculite. Correlations between structural, textural, optical and electrical properties and photocatalytic activity have been studied in detail. The α-Fe2O3 and α-Fe2O3/Ver materials with higher specific surface areas, a smaller crystallite size and structural defects (oxygen vacancies) that a play crucial role in photocatalytic activity, were prepared at a lower calcination temperature of 500 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Valášková
- Institute of Environmental Technology, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
| | - Jonáš Tokarský
- Institute of Environmental Technology, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
- Nanotechnology Centre, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Pavlovský
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Prostějovský
- Institute of Environmental Technology, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamila Kočí
- Institute of Environmental Technology, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
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48
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Xin D, Xian M, Chiu PC. New methods for assessing electron storage capacity and redox reversibility of biochar. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 215:827-834. [PMID: 30359952 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon such as biochar has been shown to support microbial redox transformation by accepting and/or donating electrons. Electron storage capacity (ESC) is an important property that determines the capacity of a biochar to mediate redox processes in natural and engineered systems. However, it remained unclear whether a biochar's ESC is constant and reversible and if so to what extent, over what redox potential range ESC is distributed, and what fraction of the ESC is microbially accessible. In this study, we developed chemical methods that employed combinations of reductants and oxidants of different potentials - Ti(III) citrate, ferricyanide, dithionite, and dissolved O2 - to measure the ESC of Soil Reef biochar, a wood-derived biochar that can serve as an electron donor or acceptor for Geobacter metallireducens. For a given oxidant-reductant pair, the ESC obtained over multiple redox cycles was constant and fully reversible, though lower than that of the virgin biochar. Pore diffusion within biochar particles was rate-limiting and controlled the timescale for redox equilibrium. Results suggest that redox-facile functional groups in biochar were distributed over a broad range of potentials. The ESC measured using dithionite indicates approximately 22% of the biochar's reversible ESC was accessible to G. metallireducens. We propose that reversible ESC may be regarded as a constant and quantifiable property of black carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhui Xin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Minghan Xian
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Pei C Chiu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States.
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Hixon AE, Powell BA. Plutonium environmental chemistry: mechanisms for the surface-mediated reduction of Pu(v/vi). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2018; 20:1306-1322. [PMID: 30251720 DOI: 10.1039/c7em00369b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, interest in plutonium mobility has increased significantly due to the need of the United States, as well as other nations, to deal with commercial spent nuclear fuel, nuclear weapons disarmament, and the remediation of locations contaminated by nuclear weapons testing and production. Although there is a global consensus that geologic disposal is the safest existing approach to dealing with spent nuclear fuel and high-level nuclear waste, only a few nations are moving towards implementing a geologic repository due to technical and political barriers. Understanding the factors that affect the mobility of plutonium in the subsurface environment is critical to support the development of such repositories. The importance of redox chemistry in determining plutonium mobility cannot be understated. While Pu(iv) is generally assumed to be immobile in the subsurface environment due to sorption or precipitation, Pu(v) tends to be mobile due to its relatively low effective charge and weak complex formation. This review highlights one particularly important aspect of plutonium behaviour at the mineral-water interface-the concept of surface-mediated reduction, which describes the reduction of plutonium on a mineral surface. It provides a conceptual model for and evidence supporting or refuting each proposed mechanism for surface-mediated reduction including (i) radiolysis at the mineral surface, (ii) electron transfer via ferrous iron or manganese in the mineral structure, (iii) electron shuttling due to the semiconducting properties of the mineral, (iv) disproportionation of Pu(v), (v) facilitation by proton exchange sites, (vi) stabilisation of Pu(iv) due to the increased concentration gradient within the electrical double layer, and (vii) a Nernstian favourability of Pu(iv) surface complexes and colloids. It also provides new perspectives on future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Hixon
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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50
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Ma B, Fernandez-Martinez A, Madé B, Findling N, Markelova E, Salas-Colera E, Maffeis TGG, Lewis AR, Tisserand D, Bureau S, Charlet L. XANES-Based Determination of Redox Potentials Imposed by Steel Corrosion Products in Cement-Based Media. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:11931-11940. [PMID: 30211548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The redox potential (Eh) in a cementitious nuclear waste repository is critical to the retardation behavior of redox-sensitive radionuclides (RNs), and largely controlled by embedded steel corrosion but hard to be determined experimentally. Here, we propose an innovative Eh determination method based on chemical/spectroscopic measurements. Oxidized nuclides (UVI, SeIV, MoVI, and SbV) were employed as species probes to detect the Eh values imposed by steel (Fe0) and steel corrosion products (magnetite/hematite, and magnetite/goethite couples) in cement pore water. Nuclides showed good sorption affinity, especially toward Fe0, in decreasing Kd order for U > Sb > Se > Mo under both N2 and H2 atmospheres. The reduced nuclide species were identified as UO2, U4O9, FeSe, FeSe2, Se0, Sb0, and Sb2O3, but no redox transformation occurred for Mo. Eh values were obtained by using the Nernst equation. Remarkably, their values fell in a small range centered around -456 mV at pH ∼ 13.5 for both Fe0 and Fe-oxyhydroxides couples. This Eh value appears to be controlled by the nanocrystalline Fe(OH)2/Fe(OH)3 or (Fe1- x,Ca x)(OH)2/Fe(OH)3 couple, whose presence was confirmed by pair distribution function analyses. This approach could pave the way for describing the Eh gradient in reinforced concrete where traditional Eh measurements are not feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, ISTerre , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | | | - Benoît Madé
- Andra, Research and Development Division, 1-7 rue Jean Monnet , Châtenay-Malabry 92298 , France
| | - Nathaniel Findling
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, ISTerre , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Ekaterina Markelova
- Amphos21 Consulting S.L., Passeig de Garcia Fària, 49 , 08019 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Eduardo Salas-Colera
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3 , 28049 , Cantoblanco Madrid , Spain
- Spanish CRG BM25 SpLine Beamline at the ESRF, 71 Avenue de Martyrs , F-38043 Grenoble , France
| | - Thierry G G Maffeis
- Systems and Process Engineering Centre, College of Engineering , Swansea University , Fabian Way , Swansea SA1 8EN , U.K
| | - Aled R Lewis
- Systems and Process Engineering Centre, College of Engineering , Swansea University , Fabian Way , Swansea SA1 8EN , U.K
| | - Delphine Tisserand
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, ISTerre , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Sarah Bureau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, ISTerre , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Laurent Charlet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, ISTerre , 38000 Grenoble , France
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