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Slaby S, Duflot A, Zapater C, Gómez A, Couteau J, Maillet G, Knigge T, Pinto PIS, Monsinjon T. The Dicentrarchus labrax estrogen screen test: A relevant tool to screen estrogen-like endocrine disrupting chemicals in the aquatic environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142601. [PMID: 38880263 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
In response to the need for the diversification of regulatory bioassays to screen estrogen-like endocrine disrupting chemical (EEDC) in the environment, we propose the use of a reporter gene assay involving all nuclear estrogen receptors from Dicentrarchus labrax (i.e., sbEsr1, sbEsr2a, or sbEsr2b). Named DLES test (D. labrax estrogen screen), it aims at complementing existing standardized in vitro tests by implementing more estrogen receptors notably those that do not originate from humans. Positive responses were obtained with all three estrogen receptors, and-consistently with observations from other species-variations in sensitivity to E2 were measured. Sensitivity and EC50 values could be classified as follows: sbEsr2b < sbEsr2a < sbEsr1. The pharmacological characterization with a human estrogen receptor antagonist (fulvestrant) successfully validated the specific involvement of each sbEsr and evidenced the capacity of the DLES test to highlight antagonist interactions. The DLES test was applied to WWTP contaminant extracts. A positive response was detected in the inflow sample in accordance with the YES test, but not in the outflow sample. Notwithstanding, the DLES test (sbEsr2b) exhibited greater sensitivity for the screening of those samples. This study demonstrates the need for more comprehensive testing including representatives of marine species for a better detection of EEDCs. The DLES test appears as a pertinent tool to predict adverse effects and to widen the scope of screening and hazard assessment of EEDCs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Slaby
- Normandie Univ, UNILEHAVRE, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-I 02 Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), Le Havre, France.
| | - Aurélie Duflot
- Normandie Univ, UNILEHAVRE, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-I 02 Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), Le Havre, France.
| | - Cinta Zapater
- Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellon, Spain.
| | - Ana Gómez
- Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellon, Spain.
| | | | | | - Thomas Knigge
- Normandie Univ, UNILEHAVRE, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-I 02 Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), Le Havre, France.
| | - Patrícia I S Pinto
- Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Faro, Portugal.
| | - Tiphaine Monsinjon
- Normandie Univ, UNILEHAVRE, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-I 02 Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), Le Havre, France.
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Moreno Abril SI, Pin AO, Beiras R. Effects of primary leachates of conventional and alternative plastics in Cyprinodon variegatus fish larvae: Endocrine disruption and toxicological responses. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123717. [PMID: 38447656 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The inclusion of hazardous substances in the formulation of plastics raises significant concerns, particularly, if those substances are released as primary leachates during plastic degradation and/or fragmentation. In this sense, the production of degradable plastics holding deleterious additives can increase the release of harmful substances into the environment. Additionally, the effects of primary leachates of "eco-friendly" materials remain unexplored. To address this, we performed exposures to primary leachates of alternative polymers, and commercial bags to verify possible responses associated with endocrine disruption and/or activation of the detoxification pathway in larvae of the marine fish model Cyprinodon variegatus. The chemical characterization evidenced a great number of additives in the formulation of the materials analyzed in this study. Those include, except for the PLA sample, relevant levels of the hazardous phthalates DEHP and DiBP. Regarding the effects on marine fish larvae, exposure to leachates from alternative polymers (10 g/L) PHB and PHBV produced remarkable mortality (100%). While the exposure to bag leachates of all tested materials (1 and 10 g/L) produced alterations in biomarkers for steroidogenic and detoxification pathways. To a lesser extent (10 g/L), three materials produced significant alterations in estrogenic biomarkers (Home-compostable bag 1, LDPE and Recycled PE bags). Although the alterations in gene expression were not directly correlated to the amount of DEHP or DiBP, we can conclude that primary leachates of "eco-friendly" bags are harmful to marine vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Isabel Moreno Abril
- Marine Research Centre, University of Vigo (CIM-UVigo), 36310, Vigo, Galicia, Spain; Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Ana Olmos Pin
- Marine Research Centre, University of Vigo (CIM-UVigo), 36310, Vigo, Galicia, Spain; Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Ricardo Beiras
- Marine Research Centre, University of Vigo (CIM-UVigo), 36310, Vigo, Galicia, Spain; Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Galicia, Spain
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3
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Lu J, Zhang C, Xu W, Chen W, Tao L, Li Z, Cheng J, Zhang Y. Developmental toxicity and estrogenicity of glyphosate in zebrafish in vivo and in silico studies. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 343:140275. [PMID: 37758082 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
As the most heavily used herbicide globally, glyphosate (GLY) has been detected in a variety of environments and has raised concerns about its ecological and health effects. There is debate as to whether GLY may disrupt the endocrine system. Here, we investigated the developmental toxicity of GLY in zebrafish based on deep learning-enabled morphometric analysis (DLMA). In addition, the estrogenic activity of GLY was assessed by endocrine disruption prediction, docking study and in vivo experiments. Results showed that exposure to environmental concentrations of GLY negatively impacted zebrafish development, causing yolk edema and pericardial edema. Endocrine disruption prediction suggested that GLY may target estrogen receptors (ER). Molecular docking analysis revealed binding of GLY to three zebrafish ER. In vivo zebrafish experiment, GLY enhanced the protein levels of ERα and the mRNA levels of cyp19a, HSD17b1, vtg1, vtg2, esr1, esr2a and esr2b. These results suggest that GLY may act as an endocrine disruptor by targeting ER, which warrants further attention for its potential toxicity to aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, United States
| | - Wenping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Liming Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jiagao Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Bandala ER, Liu A, Wijesiri B, Zeidman AB, Goonetilleke A. Emerging materials and technologies for landfill leachate treatment: A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118133. [PMID: 34534829 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sanitary landfill is the most popular way to dispose solid wastes with one major drawback: the generation of landfill leachate resulting from percolation of rainfall through exposed landfill areas or infiltration of groundwater into the landfill. The landfill leachate impacts on the environment has forced authorities to stipulate more stringent requirements for pollution control, generating the need for innovative technologies to eliminate waste degradation by-products incorporated in the leachate. Natural attenuation has no effect while conventional treatment processes are not capable of removing some the pollutants contained in the leachate which are reported to reach the natural environment, the aquatic food web, and the anthroposphere. This review critically evaluates the state-of-the-art engineered materials and technologies for the treatment of landfill leachate with the potential for real-scale application. The study outcomes confirmed that only a limited number of studies are available for providing new information about novel materials or technologies suitable for application in the removal of pollutants from landfill leachate. This paper focuses on the type of pollutants being removed, the process conditions and the outcomes reported in the literature. The emerging trends are also highlighted as well as the identification of current knowledge gaps and future research directions along with recommendations related to the application of available technologies for landfill leachate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick R Bandala
- Division of Hydrologic Sciences. Desert Research Institute, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
| | - An Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, China
| | - Buddhi Wijesiri
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Ahdee B Zeidman
- Division of Hydrologic Sciences. Desert Research Institute, Las Vegas, NV, USA; School of Science, Program of Water Resource Management, UNLV, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Ashantha Goonetilleke
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
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Walsh HL, Rafferty SD, Gordon SE, Blazer VS. Reproductive health and endocrine disruption in smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) from the Lake Erie drainage, Pennsylvania, USA. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 194:3. [PMID: 34862922 PMCID: PMC8643298 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09654-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu were sampled from three sites within the Lake Erie drainage (Elk Creek, Twentymile Creek, and Misery Bay, an embayment in Presque Isle Bay). Plasma, tissues for histopathological analyses, and liver and testes preserved in RNALater® were sampled from 30 smallmouth bass (of both sexes) at each site. Liver and testes samples were analyzed for transcript abundance with Nanostring nCounter® technology. Evidence of estrogenic endocrine disruption was assessed by the presence and severity of intersex (testicular oocytes; TO) and concentrations of plasma vitellogenin in male fish. Abundance of 17 liver transcripts associated with reproductive function, endocrine activity, and contaminant detoxification pathways and 40 testes transcripts associated with male and female reproductive function, germ cell development, and steroid biosynthesis were also measured. Males with a high rate of TO (87-100%) and plasma vitellogenin were noted at all sites; however, TO severity was greatest at the site with the highest agricultural land cover. Numerous transcripts were differentially regulated among the sites and patterns of transcript abundance were used to better understand potential risk factors for estrogenic endocrine disruption. The results of this study suggest endocrine disruption is prevalent in this region and further research would benefit to identify the types of contaminants that may be associated with the observed biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Walsh
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center - Leetown Research Laboratory, 11649 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA.
| | - Sean D Rafferty
- Pennsylvania Sea Grant College Program, The Pennsylvania State University, Tom Ridge Environmental Center, 301 Peninsula Drive, Erie, PA, 16505, USA
| | - Stephanie E Gordon
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center - Leetown Research Laboratory, 11649 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Vicki S Blazer
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center - Leetown Research Laboratory, 11649 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
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Ishibashi H, Uchida M, Hirano M, Hayashi T, Yamamoto R, Kubota A, Ichikawa N, Ishibashi Y, Tominaga N, Arizono K. In vivo and in silico analyses of estrogenic potential of equine estrogens in medaka (Oryzias latipes). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 767:144379. [PMID: 33421642 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Equine estrogens (EEs) are widely used in hormone replacement therapy pharmaceuticals for postmenopausal women. Previous studies have shown that EEs occur in the aquatic environment; however, the potential estrogenicity and risk of EEs in aquatic organisms, including fish, have yet to be studied in detail. Therefore, we evaluated the estrogenic potential of major EEs, namely equilin (Eq), 17α-dihydroequilin (17α-Eq), 17β-dihydroequilin (17β-Eq), equilenin (Eqn), 17α-dihydroequilenin (17α-Eqn), and 17β-dihydroequilenin (17β-Eqn), on medaka (Oryzias latipes) using in vivo and in silico assays. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analyses revealed that expression levels of choriogenin L (ChgL) and choriogenin H (ChgH) in medaka embryos responded to various types and concentrations of EEs in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas transcription levels of vitellogenin 1 were not significantly affected by any of the EEs in the concentration range tested. The order of the in vivo estrogenic potencies of EEs was as follows: 17β-Eq > Eq > 17β-Eqn > Eqn > 17α-Eqn > 17α-Eq. Additionally, the 50% effective concentrations (EC50) of 17β-Eq was lower than that of 17β-estradiol. We also investigated the interaction potential of EEs with medaka estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes in silico using a three-dimensional model of the ligand-binding domain (LBD) for each ER and docking simulations. All six EEs were found to interact with the LBDs of ERα, ERβ1, and ERβ2. The order of the in silico interaction potentials of EEs with each ER LBD was as follows: 17β-Eq > 17α-Eq > Eq > 17β-Eqn > 17α-Eqn > Eqn. Furthermore, we identified the key amino acids that interact with EEs in each ER LBD; our findings suggest that amino acids and/or their hydrogen bonding may be responsible for the ligand-specific interactions with each ER. This study is the first to comprehensively analyze the estrogenic potential of EEs in medaka both in vivo and in silico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ishibashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan.
| | - Masaya Uchida
- Department of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Ariake College, 150 Higashi-Hagio, Omuta, Fukuoka 836-8585, Japan
| | - Masashi Hirano
- Department of Biological and Chemical Systems Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kumamoto College, 2627 Hirayama-shinmachi, Yatsushiro, Kumamoto 866-8501, Japan
| | - Taka Hayashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan
| | - Ryoko Yamamoto
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Akira Kubota
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada-cho Nishi, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ichikawa
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishibashi
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Tominaga
- Department of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Ariake College, 150 Higashi-Hagio, Omuta, Fukuoka 836-8585, Japan
| | - Koji Arizono
- Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
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Effects of Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent in a Receiving Stream on Reproductive Behavior of Fathead Minnows (Pimephales promelas). FISHES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes6020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plant effluents contain a variety of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including chemicals with estrogenic activity such as 17β-estradiol (E2), 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2), and nonylphenols. These substances can affect both behavior and physiology in vertebrate animals. To explore the presence and effects of these EDCs in a natural setting, juvenile and adult male fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas, were held in cages upstream and downstream of the effluent site of a wastewater treatment plant for 21 days and subsequently tested for changes in reproductive behaviors and production of vitellogenin. Additionally, estrogenic activity in the stream was measured using a yeast bioassay. Estrogenicity was found to be significantly higher downstream of the wastewater effluent when compared to levels upstream. Vitellogenin levels did not show a correlational pattern with levels of estrogenicity in the water, but two measures of reproductive behaviors occurred significantly less often in downstream males than upstream males. This suggests that a brief (three-week) exposure to stream water containing wastewater treatment plant effluent can bring about changes in reproductive behavior of fish and that behavior may be more sensitive to low levels of environmental endocrine disruptors than vitellogenin production.
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Wang C, An L, Wu S, Jia A, Sun J, Huang C, Mu D, Hu J. Potential Link between Equol Pollution and Field-Observed Intersex in Wild So-iuy Mullets ( Mugil soiuy). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:12393-12401. [PMID: 32876436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gonadal intersex has been observed in wild fishes and is attributed to endocrine-disrupting chemicals but the specific causes remain controversial. Here, a forensic analysis utilizing field and laboratory studies was conducted to explore the causal agent(s). In a 2008-2009 survey of Liaodong Bay, China, 20.7-33.3% incidences of gonadal intersex were observed in male so-iuy mullets (Mugil soiuy), a wild sentinel fish species. Steroidal estrogen (estrone, 17β-estradiol, estriol, and ethinylestradiol) and phytoestrogen (equol) were detected in seawater where the fishes were collected with median concentrations of 0.42 ng/L (0.02-1.42 ng/L) E2 equivalent (EEQ-E2) and 22.81 ng/L (0.10-155.99 ng/L) equol. A probabilistic model was used to evaluate the ecological risk of these estrogenic chemicals based on their distribution in the field and dose-response relationship from the laboratory surrogate Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) fish. The probability of the incidences of gonadal intersex due to equol exposure was estimated to be 13.5 ± 12.1%, which is considerably higher than that for EEQ-E2, (7.2 ± 68.8) × 10-4. The agonistic activity of equol to the estrogen receptor α of so-iuy mullets was 3.5-fold higher than that to the estrogen receptor α of Japanese medaka, indicating that equol shows a stronger potential for inducing intersex in so-iuy mullets than in medaka. These results demonstrate that equol, rather than steroid estrogens, is a more likely causal agent for the field-observed intersex in male wild so-iuy mullets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Lihui An
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Shimin Wu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ai Jia
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianxian Sun
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chong Huang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Di Mu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianying Hu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Lopes C, Madureira TV, Gonçalves JF, Rocha E. Disruption of classical estrogenic targets in brown trout primary hepatocytes by the model androgens testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 227:105586. [PMID: 32882451 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Estrogenic effects triggered by androgens have been previously shown in a few studies. Aromatization and direct binding to estrogen receptors (ERs) are the most proposed mechanisms. For example, previously, a modulation of vitellogenin A (VtgA) by testosterone (T), an aromatizable androgen, was reported in brown trout primary hepatocytes. The effect was reversed by an ER antagonist. In this study, using the same model the disruption caused by T and by the non-aromatizable androgen - dihydrotestosterone (DHT), was assessed in selected estrogenic targets. Hepatocytes were exposed (96 h) to six concentrations of each androgen. The estrogenic targets were VtgA, ERα, ERβ1 and two zona pellucida genes, ZP2.5 and ZP3a.2. The aromatase CYP19a1 gene and the androgen receptor (AR) were also included. Modulation of estrogenic targets was studied by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, using an HScore system. VtgA and ERα were up-regulated by DHT (1, 10, 100 μM) and T (10, 100 μM). In contrast, ERβ1 was down-regulated by DHT (10, 100 μM), and T (100 μM). ZP2.5 mRNA levels were increased by DHT and T (1, 10, 100 μM), while ZP3a.2 was up-regulated by DHT (100 μM) and T (10, 100 μM). Positive correlations were found between VtgA and ERα mRNA levels and ZPs and ERα, after exposure to both androgens. The mRNA levels of CYP19a1 were not changed, while AR expression tended to increase after micromolar DHT exposures. HScores for Vtg and ZPs corroborated the molecular findings. Both androgens triggered estrogen signaling through direct binding to ERs, most probably ERα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Lopes
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, P 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U.Porto), Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia V Madureira
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, P 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U.Porto), Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - José F Gonçalves
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, P 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U.Porto), Department of Aquatic Production, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rocha
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, P 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U.Porto), Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Johann S, Esser M, Nüßer L, Altin D, Hollert H, Seiler TB. Receptor-mediated estrogenicity of native and chemically dispersed crude oil determined using adapted microscale reporter gene assays. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 134:105320. [PMID: 31739133 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) emerged as a major concern for water quality in the last decade and have been studied extensively since. Besides typical natural and synthetic estrogens also petroleum product compounds such as some PAHs have been identified as potential EDCs, revealing endocrine disruption to be a relevant mode of action for crude oil toxicity. Hence, in the context of a comprehensive retro- or prospective risk assessment of oil spills the implementation of mechanism-specific toxicity such as endocrine disruption is of high importance. To evaluate the exposure risk for the aquatic biota, research focuses on water-soluble fractions underlying an oil slick that could be simulated via water-accommodated fractions (WAF). Against this background human (ERα-CALUX®) and yeast based (A-YES®) reporter gene bioassays were successfully optimized for the application in estrogenicity evaluation of the water-accommodated fraction (WAF) from a crude oil. Combining different approaches, the estrogenicity of the WAFs from a naphthenic North Sea crude oil was tested with and without the addition of a chemical dispersant addressing specific aspects of estrogenicity including the influence of biotransformation capacities and different salinity conditions. Both the WAF free from droplets (LEWAF) as well as the chemically dispersed WAF (CEWAF) gave indications of an ER-mediated estrogenicity with much stronger ERα agonists in the CEWAF treatment. Resulting estradiol equivalents of the WAFs were above the established effect-based trigger values for both bioassays. Results indicate that the dispersant rather increased the fraction of ER-activating crude oil compounds instead of interacting with the receptor itself. Only slight changes in estrogenic responses were observed when cells capable of active metabolism (T47D) were used instead of cells without endogenous metabolism (U2-OS) in the recombinant ER transactivation CALUX assay. With the yeast cells a higher estrogenic activity was observed in the experiments under elevated salinity conditions (6‰), which was in contrast to previous expectations due to typical decrease in dissolved PAH fraction with increasing salinity (salting-out effect) but might be related to increased cell sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Johann
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Milena Esser
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Leonie Nüßer
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas-Benjamin Seiler
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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11
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Chen P, Wang R, Yang J, Zhong W, Liu M, Yi S, Zhu L. Stronger estrogenic and antiandrogenic effects on zebrafish larvae displayed by 6:2 polyfluoroalkyl phosphate diester than the 8:2 congener at environmentally relevant concentrations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 695:133907. [PMID: 31425999 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polyfluoroalkyl phosphate esters (PAPs) are one kind of emerging polyfluoroalkyl substances in the environment. However, their in vivo toxicities are largely unknown, especially at environmental relevant concentrations. To fill this gap, zebrafish embryos were exposed to 6:2 or 8:2 diPAP at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.5, 5, 50 ng/L) for 7 d. 6:2 and 8:2 diPAPs upregulated the mRNA and protein levels of aromatase in the exposed larvae, and elevated estradiol (E2) and vitellogenin (VTG) levels, but reduced testosterone (T) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) levels, demonstrating estrogenic and antiandrogenic effects. Among the three ER subtypes, ERβ2 displayed the highest in vivo mRNA expression and the lowest in silico binding energies, suggesting that it was the main target ER subtype responsible for the estrogenic effect. Molecular simulation results indicated that diPAPs and E2 could bind to one common residue, arginine (Arg) 87, in the binding pocket of ERβ2, inducing similar estrogenic disruption mechanisms as E2. Both compounds could form hydrophobic interaction with glutamic acid (Glu) 12 and tryptophan (Trp) 80 and two hydrogen bonds with Arg81 of androgen receptor (AR) ligand-binding domains (LBDs) in antagonistic mode, resulting in a reduced level of AR upon exposure. The in silico binding energies of 6:2 diPAP with both ER and AR were lower than 8:2 diPAP, explaining the observed greater in vivo estrogenic and antiandrogenic activities of 6:2 diPAP. This study provided the first line of evidences that diPAPs could display adverse effects on the endocrine functions of fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering of Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ruihan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering of Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wenjue Zhong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering of Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Menglin Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering of Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shujun Yi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering of Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering of Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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12
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Zapater C, Molés G, Muñoz I, Pinto PIS, Canario AVM, Gómez A. Differential involvement of the three nuclear estrogen receptors during oogenesis in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)†. Biol Reprod 2018; 100:757-772. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cinta Zapater
- Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Torre la Sal, Castellón, Spain
| | - Gregorio Molés
- Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Torre la Sal, Castellón, Spain
| | - Iciar Muñoz
- Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Torre la Sal, Castellón, Spain
| | - Patricia I S Pinto
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Adelino V M Canario
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ana Gómez
- Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Torre la Sal, Castellón, Spain
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13
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Mu X, Huang Y, Li X, Lei Y, Teng M, Li X, Wang C, Li Y. Developmental Effects and Estrogenicity of Bisphenol A Alternatives in a Zebrafish Embryo Model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:3222-3231. [PMID: 29397701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to understand the negative effects of bisphenol A (BPA) alternatives comprehensively, zebrafish embryos were used to assess the lethality, developmental effects, and estrogenic activity of bisphenol analogues. The in silico estrogenic activities of bisphenol analogues were assayed by binding simulation. According to our results, the lethality of bisphenol analogues decreased in order of bisphenol AF (BPAF) > BPA > bisphenol F (BPF) > bisphenol S (BPS). BPAF and BPF induced significant effects on zebrafish embryos, including decreased heart rate, hatching inhibition, and teratogenic effects. The binding potentials of bisphenol analogues toward zebrafish ERs (zfERS) decreased in the following order: BPAF > BPA > BPF > BPS. Among the three subtypes of zfERs, zfERβ2 showed the highest binding activity toward the bisphenols, followed by zfERα and zfERβ1. In vivo estrogenic activity tests showed that BPAF, BPA, and BPF significantly enhanced the protein levels of ERα along with the mRNA levels of esr1, esr2a, esr2b, and vtg1 in zebrafish embryos. Esr2b showed the strongest response to BPAF and BPA exposure among the three esrs. In contrast, BPS did not significantly regulate ER protein level or ER transcription. In conclusion, BPAF showed the highest lethality, developmental effects, and estrogenic activity (both in silico and in vivo) followed by BPA and BPF. BPS showed the weakest toxicity and estrogenic activity. zfERβ2 might act as the main target among the three ER subtypes of zebrafish after exposure to BPAF and BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Mu
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center , Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Beijing 100141 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Huang
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center , Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Beijing 100141 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xuxing Li
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center , Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Beijing 100141 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlei Lei
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center , Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Beijing 100141 , People's Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Teng
- College of Sciences , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- College of Sciences , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chengju Wang
- College of Sciences , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yingren Li
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center , Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Beijing 100141 , People's Republic of China
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14
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He J, Peng T, Yang X, Liu H. Development of QSAR models for predicting the binding affinity of endocrine disrupting chemicals to eight fish estrogen receptor. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 148:211-219. [PMID: 29055205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting effect has become a central point of concern, and various biological mechanisms involve in the disruption of endocrine system. Recently, we have explored the mechanism of disrupting hormonal transport protein, through the binding affinity of sex hormone-binding globulin in different fish species. This study, serving as a companion article, focused on the mechanism of activating/inhibiting hormone receptor, by investigating the binding interaction of chemicals with the estrogen receptor (ER) of different fish species. We collected the relative binding affinity (RBA) of chemicals with 17β-estradiol binding to the ER of eight fish species. With this parameter as the endpoints, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models were established using DRAGON descriptors. Statistical results indicated that the developed models had satisfactory goodness of fit, robustness and predictive ability. The Euclidean distance and Williams plot verified that these models had wide application domains, which covered a large number of structurally diverse chemicals. Based on the screened descriptors, we proposed an appropriate mechanism interpretation for the binding potency. Additionally, even though the same chemical had different affinities for ER from different fish species, the affinity of ER exhibited a high correlation for fish species within the same Order (i.e., Salmoniformes, Cypriniformes, Perciformes), which consistent with that in our previous study. Hence, when performing the endocrine disrupting effect assessment, the species diversity should be taken into account, but maybe the fish species in the same Order can be grouped together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Tao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianhai Yang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Jiang-wang-miao Street, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Huihui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
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15
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Varela M, Ferreira M, Da Cuña R, Lo Nostro F, Genovese G, Meijide F. Dynamics of ovarian maturation throughout the reproductive cycle of the Neotropical cichlid fishCichlasomadimerus(Teleostei, Cichliformes). CAN J ZOOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2016-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed gene expression profiles, plasma steroids concentrations, and gonadal morphology throughout the reproductive cycle of female Cichlasoma dimerus (Heckel, 1840), a monogamous cichlid fish exhibiting social hierarchies. Fish were analyzed at six phases encompassing their annual cycle, namely resting (during the nonreproductive period), prespawning, 30 h post spawning, 4 days post spawning, 10 days post spawning, and subordinate (during the reproductive period). The histological and histomorphometric analysis showed that C. dimerus exhibits asynchronous ovarian development. Similar to resting females, subordinate females showed low gonadosomatic index, reduced expression levels of vitellogenin (vtgAb), zona pellucida (zpB), gonadal aromatase (cyp19a1A), and low concentrations of plasma sex steroids, thus indicating that social intimidation by dominant conspecifics elicited reproductive arrest. In reproductively active females, a direct positive correlation between plasma estradiol, vtgAb expression, percentage of late vitellogenic oocytes, and gonadosomatic index was observed. These parameters were maximal at the prespawning phase, decreased at 30 h post spawning and 4 days post spawning, and then reached a peak at 10 days post spawning. Our results indicate that female C. dimerus become spawning capable after 10 days post spawning, coincidently with the shortest time interval between successive spawns recorded in captivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.L. Varela
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires & Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) – Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), C1428EGA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires & Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) – Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), C1428EGA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M.F. Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires & Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) – Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), C1428EGA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires & Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) – Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), C1428EGA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R.H. Da Cuña
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires & Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) – Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), C1428EGA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires & Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) – Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), C1428EGA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F.L. Lo Nostro
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires & Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) – Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), C1428EGA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires & Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) – Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), C1428EGA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G. Genovese
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires & Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) – Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), C1428EGA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires & Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) – Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), C1428EGA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F.J. Meijide
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires & Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) – Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), C1428EGA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires & Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) – Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), C1428EGA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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16
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Casatta N, Stefani F, Viganò L. Hepatic gene expression profiles of a non-model cyprinid (Barbus plebejus) chronically exposed to river sediments. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 196:27-35. [PMID: 28286098 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we characterized the gene expression responses of the Padanian barbel (Barbus plebejus), a native benthivorous cyprinid with a very compromised presence within the fish community of the River Po. Barbel juveniles were exposed in the laboratory to two river sediments reflecting an upstream/downstream gradient of increasing contamination and collected from one of the most anthropized tributaries of the River Po. After 7months of exposure, hepatic transcriptional changes that were diagnostic of sediment exposure were assessed. We investigated a set of 24 genes involved in xenobiotic biotransformation (cyp1a, gstα, ugt), antioxidant defense (gpx, sod, cat, hsp70), trace metal exposure (mt-I, mt-II), DNA repair (xpa, xpc), apoptosis (bax, casp3), growth (igf2), and steroid (erα, erβ1, erβ2, ar, vtg) and thyroid (dio1, dio2, trα, trβ, nis) hormone signaling pathways. In a consistent overall picture, the results showed that long-term sediment exposure mainly increased the levels of mRNAs encoding proteins involved in xenobiotic metabolism, oxidative stress defense, repair of DNA damage and activation of the apoptotic process. Transcript up-regulation of three receptor genes (erβ2, ar, trβ), likely representing compensatory responses to antagonistic/toxic effects, was also observed, confirming the exposure to disruptors of the reproductive and thyroidal axes. In contrast to expectations, a few genes showed no response (e.g., casp3) or even downregulation (vtg), further suggesting that the timing of exposure/assessment, potential compensatory effects or post-transcriptional modifications interact to modify the gene expression profiles, particularly during exposure to mixtures of contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Casatta
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Via del Mulino 19, 20861 Brugherio, (MB), Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Stefani
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Via del Mulino 19, 20861 Brugherio, (MB), Italy
| | - Luigi Viganò
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Via del Mulino 19, 20861 Brugherio, (MB), Italy
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17
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Conley JM, Evans N, Cardon MC, Rosenblum L, Iwanowicz LR, Hartig PC, Schenck KM, Bradley PM, Wilson VS. Occurrence and In Vitro Bioactivity of Estrogen, Androgen, and Glucocorticoid Compounds in a Nationwide Screen of United States Stream Waters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:4781-4791. [PMID: 28401766 PMCID: PMC11247474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In vitro bioassays are sensitive, effect-based tools used to quantitatively screen for chemicals with nuclear receptor activity in environmental samples. We measured in vitro estrogen (ER), androgen (AR), and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activity, along with a broad suite of chemical analytes, in streamwater from 35 well-characterized sites (3 reference and 32 impacted) across 24 states and Puerto Rico. ER agonism was the most frequently detected with nearly all sites (34/35) displaying activity (range, 0.054-116 ng E2Eq L-1). There was a strong linear relationship (r2 = 0.917) between in vitro ER activity and concentrations of steroidal estrogens after correcting for the in vitro potency of each compound. AR agonism was detected in 5/35 samples (range, 1.6-4.8 ng DHTEq L-1) but concentrations of androgenic compounds were largely unable to account for the in vitro activity. Similarly, GR agonism was detected in 9/35 samples (range, 6.0-43 ng DexEq L-1); however, none of the recognized GR-active compounds on the target-chemical analyte list were detected. The utility of in vitro assays in water quality monitoring was evident from both the quantitative agreement between ER activity and estrogen concentrations, as well as the detection of AR and GR activity for which there were limited or no corresponding target-chemical detections to explain the bioactivity. Incorporation of in vitro bioassays as complements to chemical analyses in standard water quality monitoring efforts would allow for more complete assessment of the chemical mixtures present in many surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Conley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory/Toxicity Assessment Division , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 United States
| | - Nicola Evans
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory/Toxicity Assessment Division , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 United States
| | - Mary C Cardon
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory/Toxicity Assessment Division , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 United States
| | - Laura Rosenblum
- CB&I Federal Services , Cincinnati, Ohio 45212 United States
| | - Luke R Iwanowicz
- U.S. Geological Survey/Leetown Science Center , Kearneysville, West Virginia 25430 United States
| | - Phillip C Hartig
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory/Toxicity Assessment Division , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 United States
| | - Kathleen M Schenck
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/National Risk Management Research Laboratory/Water Supply and Water Resources Division , Cincinnati, Ohio 45220 United States
| | - Paul M Bradley
- U.S. Geological Survey/South Atlantic Water Science Center , Columbia, South Carolina 29210 United States
| | - Vickie S Wilson
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory/Toxicity Assessment Division , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 United States
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18
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Ankley GT, Feifarek D, Blackwell B, Cavallin JE, Jensen KM, Kahl MD, Poole S, Randolph E, Saari T, Villeneuve DL. Re-evaluating the Significance of Estrone as an Environmental Estrogen. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:4705-4713. [PMID: 28328210 PMCID: PMC6059648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Studies worldwide have demonstrated the occurrence of feminized male fish at sites impacted by human and animal wastes. A variety of chemicals could contribute to this phenomenon, but those receiving the greatest attention in terms of research and monitoring have been 17β-estradiol (β-E2) and 17α-ethinylestradiol, due both to their prevalence in the environment and strong estrogenic potency. A third steroid, estrone (E1), also can occur at high concentrations in surface waters but generally has been of lesser concern due to its relatively lower affinity for vertebrate estrogen receptors. In an initial experiment, male fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) adults were exposed for 4-d to environmentally relevant levels of waterborne E1, which resulted in plasma β-E2 concentrations similar to those found in reproductively active females. In a second exposure we used 13C-labeled E1, together with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, to demonstrate that elevated β-E2 measured in the plasma of the male fish was indeed derived from the external environment, most likely via a conversion catalyzed by one or more 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. The results of our studies suggest that the potential impact of E1 as an environmental estrogen currently is underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald T. Ankley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, United States
- Corresponding Author. Phone: (218) 529-5147. Fax: (218) 529-5003.
| | - David Feifarek
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, United States
| | - Brett Blackwell
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, United States
| | - Jenna E. Cavallin
- Badger Technical Services, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, United States
| | - Kathleen M. Jensen
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, United States
| | - Michael D. Kahl
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, United States
| | - Shane Poole
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, United States
| | - Eric Randolph
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science Education, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, United States
| | - Travis Saari
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, United States
| | - Daniel L. Villeneuve
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, United States
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19
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Lee Pow CSD, Law JM, Kwak TJ, Cope WG, Rice JA, Kullman SW, Aday DD. Endocrine active contaminants in aquatic systems and intersex in common sport fishes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:959-968. [PMID: 27583571 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Male fish are susceptible to developing intersex, a condition characterized by the presence of testicular oocytes. In the present study, the relationship between intersex and exposure to estrogenic endocrine active contaminants (EACs) was assessed for 2 genera of sport fish, Micropterus and Lepomis, at 20 riverine sites. Seasonal trends and relationships between EACs and intersex (prevalence and severity) were examined at varying putative sources of EACs throughout North Carolina, identified as point sources, nonpoint sources, and reference sites. Intersex was identified in both genera, which was documented for the first time in wild-caught Lepomis. Intersex was more prevalent (59.8%) and more severe (1.6 mean rank) in Micropterus, which was highly correlation to EACs in sediment. In contrast, intersex was less common (9.9%) and less severe (0.2 mean rank) in Lepomis and was highly correlated to EACs in the water column. The authors found that concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, industrial EACs, and estrogens were highest at point source sites; however, no source type variation was identified in the prevalence or severity of intersex, nor were there seasonal trends in intersex or EAC concentrations. The authors' results associate genus-specific prevalence of intersex with specific EAC classes in common sport fishes having biological, ecological, and conservation implications. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:959-968. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal S D Lee Pow
- Department of Biological Sciences, Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - J Mac Law
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas J Kwak
- US Geological Survey, North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - W Gregory Cope
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - James A Rice
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Seth W Kullman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - D Derek Aday
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Bargar TA, Whelan KRT, Alvarez D, Echols K, Peterman PH. Baseline aquatic contamination and endocrine status in a resident fish of Biscayne National Park. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 115:525-533. [PMID: 28012734 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Surface water, sediment, and fish from Biscayne Bay, coastal wetlands adjacent to the Bay, and canals discharging into the Bay were sampled for determination of baseline contamination in Biscayne National Park. While the number of contaminants detected in canal waters was greater during the wet season than the dry season, no seasonal difference was evident for Biscayne Bay or coastal wetland waters. Estrogen equivalency (as 17β-estradiol equivalents), as predicted by the Yeast Estrogen Screen, for extracts of passive water samplers deployed in canals and wetlands was elevated during the wet relative to the dry season. Generally, contamination in water, sediments, and fish was greater in the canals than in Biscayne Bay and the wetlands. Guideline levels for sediment contaminant were exceeded most frequently in canals relative to the coastal wetlands and the Bay. Further investigation is necessary to better understand the impact of contaminants in Biscayne National Park.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Bargar
- Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 7920 NW 71st Street, Gainesville, FL 32653, USA.
| | - Kevin R T Whelan
- South Florida/Caribbean Network Inventory and Monitoring, National Park Service, 18001 Old Cutler Road, Miami, FL 33157, USA
| | - David Alvarez
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 4200 New Haven Road, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Kathy Echols
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 4200 New Haven Road, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Paul H Peterman
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 4200 New Haven Road, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
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Endocrine Disruption and In Vitro Ecotoxicology: Recent Advances and Approaches. IN VITRO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY - CONCEPTS, APPLICATION AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 157:1-58. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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22
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Ankley GT, LaLone CA, Gray LE, Villeneuve DL, Hornung MW. Evaluation of the scientific underpinnings for identifying estrogenic chemicals in nonmammalian taxa using mammalian test systems. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:2806-2816. [PMID: 27074246 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The US Environmental Protection Agency has responsibility for assessing endocrine activity of more than 10 000 chemicals, a task that cannot reasonably be achieved solely through use of available mammalian and nonmammalian in vivo screening assays. Hence, it has been proposed that chemicals be prioritized for in vivo testing using data from in vitro high-throughput assays for specific endocrine system targets. Recent efforts focused on potential estrogenic chemicals-specifically those that activate estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα)-have broadly demonstrated feasibility of the approach. However, a major uncertainty is whether prioritization based on mammalian (primarily human) high-throughput assays accurately reflects potential chemical-ERα interactions in nonmammalian species. The authors conducted a comprehensive analysis of cross-species comparability of chemical-ERα interactions based on information concerning structural attributes of estrogen receptors, in vitro binding and transactivation data for ERα, and the effects of a range of chemicals on estrogen-signaling pathways in vivo. Overall, this integrated analysis suggests that chemicals with moderate to high estrogenic potency in mammalian systems also should be priority chemicals in nonmammalian vertebrates. However, the degree to which the prioritization approach might be applicable to invertebrates is uncertain because of a lack of knowledge of the biological role(s) of possible ERα orthologs found in phyla such as annelids. Further, comparative analysis of in vitro data for fish and reptiles suggests that mammalian-based assays may not effectively capture ERα interactions for low-affinity chemicals in all vertebrate classes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2806-2816. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald T Ankley
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota.
| | - Carlie A LaLone
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - L Earl Gray
- Toxicity Assessment Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Daniel L Villeneuve
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Michael W Hornung
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota
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23
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Johnston TK, Perkins E, Ferguson DC, Cropek DM. Tissue explant coculture model of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal-liver axis of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) as a predictive tool for endocrine disruption. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:2530-2541. [PMID: 26931821 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) can impact the reproductive system by interfering with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Although in vitro testing methods have been developed to screen chemicals for endocrine disruption, extrapolation of in vitro responses to in vivo action shows inconsistent accuracy. The authors describe a tissue coculture of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) HPG axis and liver (HPG-L) as a tissue explant model that mimics in vivo results. Brain (hypothalamus), pituitary, gonad, and liver tissue explants from adult fish were examined for function both individually and in coculture to determine combinations and conditions that could replicate in vivo behavior. Only cocultures had the ability to respond to an EDC, trenbolone, similarly to in vivo studies, based on estradiol, testosterone, and vitellogenin production trends, where lower exposure doses suppressed hormone production but higher doses increased production, resulting in distinctive U-shaped curves. These data suggest that a coculture system with all components of the HPG-L axis can be used as a link between in vitro and in vivo studies to predict endocrine system disruption in whole organisms. This tissue-based HPG-L system acts as a flexible deconstructed version of the in vivo system for better control and examination of the minute changes in system operation and response on EDC exposure with options to isolate, interrogate, and recombine desired components. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2530-2541. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa K Johnston
- US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Champaign, Illinois
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Edward Perkins
- US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, Mississippi
| | - Duncan C Ferguson
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Donald M Cropek
- US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Champaign, Illinois.
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
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Pow CSL, Yost EE, Aday DD, Kullman SW. Sharing the Roles: An Assessment of Japanese Medaka Estrogen Receptors in Vitellogenin Induction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:8886-95. [PMID: 27391190 PMCID: PMC5443407 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Teleost fish express at least three estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes. To date, however, the individual role of these ER subtypes in regulating expression of estrogen responsive genes remains ambiguous. Here, we investigate putative roles of three ER subtypes in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), using vitellogenin (VTG) I and II as model genes. We identify specific ligand/receptor/promoter dynamics, using transient transactivation assays that incorporate luciferase reporters comprising 3kb promoter/enhancer regions of medaka VTGI and VTGII genes. Four steroidal estrogens (17β-estradiol, estrone, estriol, and 17α-estradiol) were tested in these assays. Results indicate that all three medaka ERs (mERs) are capable of initiating transactivation of both VTG I and II, with ERβ2 exhibiting greatest activity. Promoter deletion analysis suggests that ligand-specific receptor transactivation and utilization of regional-specific estrogen response elements may be associated with differential activities of each medaka ER. Further, cluster analysis of in vivo gene expression and in vitro transactivation suggests that all three ER subtypes putatively play a role in up-regulation of VTG. Results illustrate that preferential ligand/receptor/promoter interactions may have direct implications for VTG gene expression and other ER-mediated regulatory functions that are relevant to the risk assessment of estrogenic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal S.D. Lee Pow
- North Carolina State University, Department of Biological Sciences, Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Program, 850 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606, United States
| | - Erin E. Yost
- North Carolina State University, Department of Biological Sciences, Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Program, 850 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606, United States
| | - D. Derek Aday
- North Carolina State University, Department of Applied Ecology, 127 David Clark Labs, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Seth W. Kullman
- North Carolina State University, Department of Biological Sciences, Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Program, 850 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606, United States
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25
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Sonavane M, Creusot N, Maillot-Maréchal E, Péry A, Brion F, Aїt-Aïssa S. Zebrafish-based reporter gene assays reveal different estrogenic activities in river waters compared to a conventional human-derived assay. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 550:934-939. [PMID: 26851879 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) act on the endocrine system through multiple mechanisms of action, among them interaction with estrogen receptors (ERs) is a well-identified key event in the initiation of adverse outcomes. As the most commonly used estrogen screening assays are either yeast- or human-cell based systems, the question of their (eco)toxicological relevance when assessing risks for aquatic species can be raised. The present study addresses the use of zebrafish (zf) derived reporter gene assays, both in vitro (i.e. zf liver cell lines stably expressing zfERα, zfERβ1 and zfERβ2 subtypes) and in vivo (i.e. transgenic cyp19a1b-GFP zf embryos), to assess estrogenic contaminants in river waters. By investigating 20 French river sites using passive sampling, high frequencies of in vitro zfER-mediated activities in water extracts were measured. Among the different in vitro assays, zfERβ2 assay was the most sensitive and responsive one, enabling the detection of active compounds at all investigated sites. In addition, comparison with a conventional human-based in vitro assay highlighted sites that were able to active zfERs but not human ER, suggesting the occurrence of zf-specific ER ligands. Furthermore, a significant in vivo estrogenic activity was detected at the most active sites in vitro, with a good accordance between estradiol equivalent (E2-EQ) concentrations derived from both in vitro and in vivo assays. Overall, this study shows the relevance and usefulness of such novel zebrafish-based assays as screening tools to monitor estrogenic activities in complex mixtures such as water extracts. It also supports their preferred use compared to human-based assays to assess the potential risks caused by endocrine disruptive chemicals for aquatic species such as fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Sonavane
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des risques (INERIS), Unité Ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, Parc Technologique ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Nicolas Creusot
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des risques (INERIS), Unité Ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, Parc Technologique ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Emmanuelle Maillot-Maréchal
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des risques (INERIS), Unité Ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, Parc Technologique ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Alexandre Péry
- AgroParisTech, UMR 1402 INRA-AgroParisTech Ecosys, 78850 Thivernal Grignon, France; INRA, UMR 1402 INRA-AgroParisTech Ecosys, 78850 Thivernal Grignon, France
| | - François Brion
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des risques (INERIS), Unité Ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, Parc Technologique ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.
| | - Selim Aїt-Aïssa
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des risques (INERIS), Unité Ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, Parc Technologique ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.
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26
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Marlatt VL, Sherrard R, Kennedy CJ, Elphick JR, Martyniuk CJ. Application of molecular endpoints in early life stage salmonid environmental biomonitoring. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 173:178-191. [PMID: 26874677 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Molecular endpoints can enhance existing whole animal bioassays by more fully characterizing the biological impacts of aquatic pollutants. Laboratory and field studies were used to examine the utility of adopting molecular endpoints for a well-developed in situ early life stage (eyed embryo to onset of swim-up fry) salmonid bioassay to improve diagnostic assessments of water quality in the field. Coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) were exposed in the laboratory to the model metal (zinc, 40μg/L) and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pyrene, 100μg/L) in water to examine the resulting early life stage salmonid responses. In situ field exposures and bioassays were conducted in parallel to evaluate the water quality of three urban streams in British Columbia (two sites with anthropogenic inputs and one reference site). The endpoints measured in swim-up fry included survival, deformities, growth (weight and length), vitellogenin (vtg) and metallothionein (Mt) protein levels, and hepatic gene expression (e.g., metallothioneins [mta and mtb], endocrine biomarkers [vtg and estrogen receptors, esr] and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes [cytochrome P450 1A3, cyp1a3 and glutathione transferases, gstk]). No effects were observed in the zinc treatment, however exposure of swim-up fry to pyrene resulted in decreased survival, deformities and increased estrogen receptor alpha (er1) mRNA levels. In the field exposures, xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (cyp1a3, gstk) and zinc transporter (zntBigM103) mRNA were significantly increased in swim-up fry deployed at the sites with more anthropogenic inputs compared to the reference site. Cluster analysis revealed that gene expression profiles in individuals from the streams receiving anthropogenic inputs were more similar to each other than to the reference site. Collectively, the results obtained in this study suggest that molecular endpoints may be useful, and potentially more sensitive, indicators of site-specific contamination in real-world, complex exposure scenarios in addition to whole body morphometric and physiological measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki L Marlatt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon, Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Ryan Sherrard
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Chris J Kennedy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon, Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada; Canadian Rivers Institute and Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada; Nautilus Environmental, 8664 Commerce Court, Imperial Square Lake City, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 4N71, Canada
| | - James R Elphick
- Nautilus Environmental, 8664 Commerce Court, Imperial Square Lake City, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 4N71, Canada
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
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Ishibashi H, Uchida M, Koyanagi A, Kagami Y, Kusano T, Nakao A, Yamamoto R, Ichikawa N, Tominaga N, Ishibashi Y, Arizono K. Gene expression analyses of vitellogenin, choriogenin and estrogen receptor subtypes in the livers of male medaka (Oryzias latipes) exposed to equine estrogens. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 36:1392-400. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ishibashi
- Faculty of Agriculture; Ehime University; 3-5-7 Tarumi Matsuyama 790-8566 Japan
| | - Masaya Uchida
- Mizuki biotech, Co., Ltd., 1-1 Hyakunenkouen; Kurume; Fukuoka 839-0864 Japan
| | - Akiko Koyanagi
- Mizuki biotech, Co., Ltd., 1-1 Hyakunenkouen; Kurume; Fukuoka 839-0864 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kagami
- Mizuki biotech, Co., Ltd., 1-1 Hyakunenkouen; Kurume; Fukuoka 839-0864 Japan
| | - Teruhiko Kusano
- Mizuki biotech, Co., Ltd., 1-1 Hyakunenkouen; Kurume; Fukuoka 839-0864 Japan
| | - Ayami Nakao
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences; Prefectural University of Kumamoto; 3-1-100 Tsukide Kumamoto 862-8502 Japan
| | - Ryoko Yamamoto
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences; Prefectural University of Kumamoto; 3-1-100 Tsukide Kumamoto 862-8502 Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ichikawa
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Ritsumeikan University; 1-1-1 Noji-higashi Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| | - Nobuaki Tominaga
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Ariake National College of Technology; 150 Higashi-hagio-machi Omuta Fukuoka 836-8585 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishibashi
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences; Prefectural University of Kumamoto; 3-1-100 Tsukide Kumamoto 862-8502 Japan
| | - Koji Arizono
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences; Prefectural University of Kumamoto; 3-1-100 Tsukide Kumamoto 862-8502 Japan
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28
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Beitel SC, Doering JA, Eisner BK, Hecker M. Comparison of the sensitivity of four native Canadian fish species to 17-α ethinylestradiol, using an in vitro liver explant assay. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:20186-20197. [PMID: 26304805 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental estrogens and other endocrine-active chemicals can impact reproduction of freshwater fishes. While extensive data exists regarding the effect of estrogens on standard laboratory species, little is known about the sensitivity of freshwater fishes native to North America to these compounds. Current testing strategies for the toxicological assessment of contaminants still rely heavily on studies with live animals, which poses increasing concerns from an economical and ethical perspective. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the sensitivity of four native species, namely, northern pike (Esox lucius), walleye (Sander vitreus), white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), and juvenile white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus), to an environmental estrogen, 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), using an in vitro tissue explant approach. Transcript abundances of vitellogenin (VTG) as well as the estrogen receptors (ER) α and β were used as the measuring endpoints as they represent well established biomarkers previously used to assess exposure to estrogens. Transcript abundance of VTG was upregulated in a concentration-dependent manner in each species. Liver explants of male walleye were found to have the greatest sensitivity to EE2, with a lowest observable effect concentration of 300 ng/L (1.0 nM) for VTG transcript abundance, with juvenile white sturgeon having the greatest magnitude of VTG transcript upregulation in exposed tissue (15-fold relative to control). Exposure of liver explants to EE2 resulted in no alteration in transcript abundance of ERβ, whereas upregulation of ERα was observed in northern pike only. Based on in vitro expression of VTG, the species tested were among the species with greatest sensitivity to environmental estrogens tested to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn C Beitel
- Toxicology Graduate Program, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada.
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada.
| | - Jon A Doering
- Toxicology Graduate Program, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Bryanna K Eisner
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Markus Hecker
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada.
- School of the Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Room 323, Kirk Hall, 117 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C8, Canada.
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29
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Tohyama S, Miyagawa S, Lange A, Ogino Y, Mizutani T, Tatarazako N, Katsu Y, Ihara M, Tanaka H, Ishibashi H, Kobayashi T, Tyler CR, Iguchi T. Understanding the molecular basis for differences in responses of fish estrogen receptor subtypes to environmental estrogens. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:7439-7447. [PMID: 26032098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can elicit adverse effects on development, sexual differentiation, and reproduction in fish. Teleost species exhibit at least three subtypes of estrogen receptor (ESR), ESR1, ESR2a, and ESR2b; thus, estrogenic signaling pathways are complex. We applied in vitro reporter gene assays for ESRs in five fish species to investigate the ESR subtype-specificity for better understanding the signaling pathway of estrogenic EDCs. Responses to bisphenol A, 4-nonylphenol, and o,p'-DDT varied among ESR subtypes, and the response pattern of ESRs was basically common among the different fish species. Using a computational in silico docking model and through assays quantifying transactivation of the LBD (using GAL-LBD fusion proteins and chimera proteins for the ESR2s), we found that the LBD of the different ESR subtypes generally plays a key role in conferring responsiveness of the ESR subtypes to EDCs. These results also indicate that responses of ESR2s to EDCs cannot necessarily be predicted from the LBD sequence alone, and an additional region is required for full transactivation of these receptors. Our data thus provide advancing understanding on receptor functioning for both basic and applied research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Tohyama
- †Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
- ‡Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Shinichi Miyagawa
- ‡Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | | | - Yukiko Ogino
- ‡Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mizutani
- ‡Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Norihisa Tatarazako
- ∥Center for Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Katsu
- ⊥Department of Biological Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihara
- #Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga 520-0811, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- #Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga 520-0811, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishibashi
- ∇Department of Life Environmental Conservation, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Tohru Kobayashi
- †Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | | | - Taisen Iguchi
- ‡Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
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30
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Sun L, Zuo Z, Chen M, Chen Y, Wang C. Reproductive and transgenerational toxicities of phenanthrene on female marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 162:109-116. [PMID: 25805703 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Phenanthrene (PHE) is one of the most abundant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the aquatic environment and often results from oil spills. To assess the effects of PHE on fish, marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) was exposed to PHE at 0.06, 0.6, 6 and 60 μg/L. The reproductive functions and transgenerational effects were investigated. After 80 days exposure, the percentage of previtellogenic and vitellogenic oocytes in the ovary showed a significant decrease in the 0.06 and 60 μg/L groups. The mRNA levels of salmon-type gonadotropin releasing hormone, the follicle-stimulating hormone FSHβ, and the luteinizing hormone LHβ in the brain; the cytochrome P450 aromatase gene CYP19A and the estrogen receptor α (ERα) in the ovary; and ERα and vitellogenin VTG1 and 2 in the liver all exhibited significant down-regulation in the 0.06 and 60 μg/L groups, but did not significantly change in the 6 μg/L group compared to the control, which was quite consistent with development of the oocytes. A significant elevation of PHE accumulation in the brain in the 0.06 and 60 μg/L groups gave a reasonable explanation for the nonmonotonic dose-response and also elucidated the action pathway via the brain-pituitary-gonadal axis. The reduction of the time to hatch and the increased cardiac rhythm of embryos were in accord with the PHE accumulative levels in the eggs. The results demonstrated that exposure to PHE at both low and high concentrations can inhibit ovary development. In addition, PHE can be maternally transferred to embryos and influence the health and sustainability of the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Meng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Yixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Chonggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China.
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Saunders DMV, Podaima M, Wiseman S, Giesy JP. Effects of the brominated flame retardant TBCO on fecundity and profiles of transcripts of the HPGL-axis in Japanese medaka. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 160:180-187. [PMID: 25646719 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The novel brominated flame retardant, 1,2,5,6-tetrabromocyclooctane (TBCO) is an additive flame retardant which is marketed under the trade name Saytex BCL-48. TBCO has recently been investigated as a potential alternative to the major use brominated flame retardant, hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), which could have major implications for significant increases in amounts of TBCO used. Yet there is a lack of information regarding potential toxicities of TBCO. Recently, results of in vitro experiments have demonstrated the potential of TBCO to modulate endocrine function through interaction with estrogen and androgen receptors and via alterations to the synthesis of 17-β-estradiol and testosterone. Further research is required to determine potential endocrine disrupting effects of TBCO in vivo. In this experiment a 21-day fecundity assay with Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) was conducted to examine endocrine disrupting effects of TBCO in vivo. Medaka were fed a diet containing either 607 or 58μg TBCO/g food, wet mass (wm). Fecundity, measured as cumulative deposition of eggs and fertilization of eggs, as well as abundances of transcripts of 34 genes along the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal-liver (HPGL) axis were measured as indicators of holistic endocrine disruption and to determine mechanisms of effects, respectively. Cumulative fecundity was 18% lesser by medaka exposed to 58μg TBCO/g, wm food. However, fecundity of medaka exposed to 607μg TBCO/g, wm food was not significantly different from that of controls. Organ-specific and dose-dependent alterations to abundances of transcripts were observed in male and female medaka. A pattern of down-regulation of expression of genes involved in steroidogenesis, metabolism of cholesterol, and regulatory feedback mechanisms was observed in gonads from male and female medaka which had been exposed to the greater concentration of TBCO. However, these effects on expression of genes were not manifested in effects on fertilization of eggs or fecundity. In livers from male and female medaka exposed to the lesser concentration of TBCO greater expression of genes that respond to exposure to estrogens, including vitellogenin II, choriogenin H, and ERα, were observed. The results reported here confirm the endocrine disrupting potential of TBCO and elucidate potential mechanisms of effects which include specific patterns of alterations to abundances of transcripts of genes in the gonad and liver of medaka.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M V Saunders
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada.
| | - Michelle Podaima
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Steve Wiseman
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - John P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; Zoology Department, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Dang Y, Giesy JP, Wang J, Liu C. Dose-dependent compensation responses of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal-liver axis of zebrafish exposed to the fungicide prochloraz. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 160:69-75. [PMID: 25625521 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Compensation responses and adaptability of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis have been reported in fish exposed to model chemicals, however due to its importance in predictive toxicology further study was needed to elucidate details of the integrated responses to model chemicals. Transcriptional profiles of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and concentrations of 17β-estradiol (E2) in plasma were measured in male and female zebrafish that had been exposed to one of seven concentrations of the fungicide, prochloraz: low (1, 3 or 10μg/L), medium (30 or 100μg/L) or high concentrations (300 or 1000μg/L) for 4 days. In zebrafish exposed to the low and medium concentrations of prochloraz, compensation responses of the HPG axis through transcription, occurred in brain (up-regulation of gnrh, gnrhr and lhβ) and both brain and gonad (up-regulation of steroidogenic genes), respectively. Concentrations of E2 in plasma and expression of estrogen receptor 1 (er1) and vitellogenins (vtgs) in liver did not change. This result suggested that compensatory responses were successful in maintaining homeostasis. In zebrafish exposed to the two greatest concentrations, compensatory responses occurred in brain, gonad and liver through up-regulation of er2β, but it failed to maintain concentration of E2 in blood plasma and expression of er1 and vtgs in liver. Collectedly, the results observed in this study allowed characterization of dose-dependent compensatory responses along the HPG axis and liver and identified key linkages between compensatory responses occurring in brain, gonad and liver after exposure to prochloraz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Dang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, SAR, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianghua Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Saunders DMV, Podaima M, Codling G, Giesy JP, Wiseman S. A mixture of the novel brominated flame retardants TBPH and TBB affects fecundity and transcript profiles of the HPGL-axis in Japanese medaka. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 158:14-21. [PMID: 25461741 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs), bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH) and 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5 tetrabromobenzoate (TBB) are components of the flame retardant mixture Firemaster 550 and both TBPH and TBB have recently been listed as high production volume chemicals by the US EPA. These NBFRs have been detected in several environmental matrices but very little is known about their toxic effects or potencies. Results of in vitro assays demonstrated potentials of these NBFRs to modulate endocrine function through interactions with estrogen (ER) and androgen receptors (AR) and via alterations to synthesis of 17-β-estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T), but in vivo effects of these chemicals on organisms are not known. Therefore a 21-day short term fish fecundity assay with Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) was conducted to investigate if these NBFRs affect endocrine function in vivo. Medaka were fed a diet containing either 1422 TBPH:1474 TBB or 138:144 μg/g food, wet weight (w/w). Cumulative production of eggs was used as a measure of fecundity and abundances of transcripts of 34 genes along the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal-liver (HPGL) axis were quantified to determine mechanisms of observed effects. Cumulative fecundity was impaired by 32% in medaka exposed to the greatest dose of the mixture of TBPH/TBB. A pattern of global down-regulation of gene transcription at all levels of the HPGL axis was observed, but effects were sex-specific. In female medaka the abundance of transcripts of ERβ was lesser in livers, while abundances of transcripts of VTG II and CHG H were greater. In male medaka, abundances of transcripts of ERα, ERβ, and ARα were lesser in gonads and abundances of transcripts of ERβ and ARα were lesser in brain. Abundances of transcripts of genes encoding proteins for synthesis of cholesterol (HMGR), transport of cholesterol (HDLR), and sex hormone steroidogenesis (CYP 17 and 3β-HSD) were significantly lesser in male medaka, which might have implications for concentrations of sex hormones. The results of this study demonstrate that exposure to components of the flame retardant mixture Firemaster(®) 550 has the potential to impair the reproductive axis of fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M V Saunders
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5B3.
| | - Michelle Podaima
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5B3
| | - Garry Codling
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5B3
| | - John P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5B3; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5B3; Zoology Department, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Steve Wiseman
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5B3
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