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Zeng G, Liang D, Fan X, He Y, Zhang R, Lei X, Wei H, Sun D. Activated carbon fiber loaded nano zero-valent iron for Microcystis aeruginosa removal: Performance and mechanisms. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 413:131538. [PMID: 39332695 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms caused by Microcystis aeruginosa threaten environmental safety and daily life. In this study, an activated carbon fiber-supported nano zero-valent iron composite (ACF-nZVI) was developed to remove Microcystis aeruginosa. The results showed that nZVI was evenly distributed on the activated carbon fibers, preventing aggregation and oxidation. ACF-nZVI achieved a removal efficiency of more than 90 % within a pH range of 3-7. During the reaction, H2O2, which was generated by Fe0, was activated to form ·OH and ·O-2, which dismantled antioxidant enzymes and induced lipid peroxidation. Additionally, ACF-nZVI destroyed the cell wall and membrane, resulting in protein and humus leakage and causing 92.34 % cell damage and death. In this study, an environmentally friendly and stable nanomaterial was developed, offering a novel approach for the safe, cost-effective, and efficient removal of cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoming Zeng
- School of Architecture and Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China; Chongqing Academy of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401123, China; School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Dong Liang
- School of Architecture and Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xuanhao Fan
- School of Architecture and Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yu He
- School of Architecture and Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Architecture and Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xiaoling Lei
- Chongqing Academy of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401123, China
| | - Haoxuan Wei
- School of Architecture and Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Da Sun
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Key Lab of Biohealth Materials and Chemistry of Wenzhou, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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Alnahas M, Almuhtaram H, Hofmann R. Oxidation of Microcystis aeruginosa and Microcystins with Peracetic Acid. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:328. [PMID: 39195738 PMCID: PMC11360697 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16080328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Peracetic acid (PAA) shows potential for use in drinking water treatment as an alternative to prechlorination, such as for mussel control and disinfection by-product precursor destruction, though its impact as a preoxidant during cyanobacterial blooms remains underexplored. Here, Microcystis aeruginosa inactivation and microcystin-LR and -RR release and degradation using PAA were explored. The toxin degradation rates were found to be higher in alkaline conditions than in neutral and acidic conditions. However, all rates were significantly smaller than comparable rates when using free chlorine. The inactivation of M. aeruginosa cells using PAA was faster at acidic pH, showing immediate cell damage and subsequent cell death after 15-60 min of exposure to 10 mg/L PAA. In neutral and alkaline conditions, cell death occurred after a longer lag phase (3-6 h). During cell inactivation, microcystin-LR was released slowly, with <35% of the initial intracellular toxins measured in solution after 12 h of exposure to 10 mg/L PAA. Overall, PAA appears impractically slow for M. aeruginosa cell inactivation or microcystin-LR and -RR destruction in drinking water treatment, but this slow reactivity may also allow it to continue to be applied as a preoxidant for other purposes during cyanobacterial blooms without the risk of toxin release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mennatallah Alnahas
- Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada; (H.A.); (R.H.)
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Xu H, Yang A, Pang Y, Pei H. Advances and challenges in the technologies for cyanobacterial cells removal in drinking water treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142338. [PMID: 38754486 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacteria in reservoirs pose a serious threat to drinking water safety due to the intracellular metabolites, such as toxins and unpleasant tastes & odours. Effective removal of harmful cyanobacteria with little to no cell damage is very important to ensure the safety of drinking water. This review first introduced development history of cyanobacterial removal technologies in drinking water treatment. Then, impacts of oxidation, coagulation and pre-oxidation enhanced coagulation processes on cyanobacterial removal and integrity of the cells were comprehensively evaluated and discussed. Oxidation can remove cyanobacteria, but high doses of oxidants can result in significant cell lysis and release of intracellular metabolites, especially when using chlorine or ozone. Although there is practically no cell damage during coagulation, the removal efficiency is low in many cases. Pre-oxidation may improve cyanobacterial removal by the subsequent solid-liquid separation processes, and moderate pre-oxidation with little to no cell lysis is very important. Mechanisms of interface interaction between pre-oxidants and cyanobacteria should be defined in future to ensure moderate pre-oxidation of algal cells. Fate of cyanobacterial cells in sludge is also reviewed because more and more waterworks return sludge supernatant to the inlet of plant. Damage to cyanobacterial cells in sludge depends mainly upon coagulant type and dosage, algal species, and cyanobacteria-containing sludge should be treated before cell lysis. Efficient techniques for harmless disposal of cyanobacteria-containing sludge should be developed in future. This paper will help to better understand the cyanobacterial removal processes and provide improved perspectives for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangzhou Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Aonan Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yiming Pang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Haiyan Pei
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan, 250061, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, 202162, China.
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Li M, Li Z, Chen F, Shi B, Li Y, Zhu Z, Wang L, Jin Y. Effects of different oxidants on the behaviour of microplastic hetero-aggregates. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134286. [PMID: 38615649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Microplastic hetero-aggregates are stable forms of microplastics in the aqueous environment. However, when disinfecting water containing microplastic hetero-aggregates, the response of them in water to different oxidizing agents and the effect on water quality have not been reported. Our results showed that Ca(ClO)2, K2S2O8, and sodium percarbonate (SPC) treatment could lead to the disaggregation of microplastic hetero-aggregates as well as a rise in cell membrane permeability, which caused a large amount of organic matter to be released. When the amount of oxidant dosing is insufficient, the oxidant cannot completely degrade the released organic matter, resulting in DOC, DTN, DTP and other indicators being higher than before oxidation, thus causing secondary pollution of the water body. In comparison, K2FeO4 can purify the water body stably without destroying the microplastic hetero-aggregates, but it only weakly inhibits the toxic cyanobacteria Microcystis and Pseudanabaena, which may cause cyanobacterial bloom as well as algal toxin and odorant contamination in practical application. Compared with the other oxidizers, K2S2O8 provides better inhibition of toxic cyanobacteria and has better ecological safety. Therefore, when treating microplastic-containing water bodies, we should consider both water purification and ecological safety, and select appropriate oxidant types and dosages to optimize the water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Li
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Zheng Li
- Shandong Academy for Environmental Planning, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Land and Sea Ecological Governance and Systematic Regulation, PR China
| | - Feiyong Chen
- Resources and Environmental Innovation Institute, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Bingfang Shi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Urban Water Environment, Baise University, Baise 533000, PR China
| | - Yonggang Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Urban Water Environment, Baise University, Baise 533000, PR China
| | - Zhaoliang Zhu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Urban Water Environment, Baise University, Baise 533000, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, PR China; Resources and Environmental Innovation Institute, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, PR China.
| | - Yan Jin
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, PR China; Resources and Environmental Innovation Institute, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, PR China.
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Liu H, Lv H, Xu H, Rao D, Zhang J, Sun B. Is monochloramine pre-oxidation a viable strategy for enhancing the treatment efficiency of algae-laden water with conventional drinking water treatment process? CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141312. [PMID: 38311043 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Algal blooms worldwide pose many challenges to drinking water production. Pre-oxidation with NaClO, KMnO4, or ozone is commonly used to enhance algal removal in conventional drinking water treatment processes. However, these currently utilized oxidation methods often result in significant algal cell lysis or impede the operation of the subsequent units. Higher algal removal with pre-chlorination in algal solutions prepared with natural water, compared to those prepared with ultrapure water, has been observed. In the present studies, preliminary findings indicate that ammonium in natural water alters chlorine species to NH2Cl, leading to improved treatment efficiency. NH2Cl with 1.5-3.0 mg∙L-1 as Cl2 with an oxidation time of 3-7 h significantly enhancing algal removal by coagulation. The selective oxidation of surface-absorbed organic matter (S-AOM) by NH2Cl, followed by the subsequent peeling off of this material from the algal surface, leading to an increase in zeta potential from -20.2 mV to -3.8 mV, constitutes the primary mechanism of enhanced algal removal through coagulation. These peeled S-AOM retained their large molecular weight and acted as polymer aids. Compared with NaClO and KMnO4, NH2Cl displays the best performance in improving algal removal, avoiding cell lysis, and decreasing the potential for nitrogenous disinfection byproducts formation under the reaction conditions used in this study. Notably, in major Chinese cities, water purification plants commonly rely on suburban lakes or reservoirs as water sources, necessitating the transportation of raw water over long distances for times up to several hours. These conditions favor the implementation of NH2Cl pre-oxidation. The collective results indicate the potential of NH2Cl oxidation as a viable pretreatment strategy for algal contamination during water treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, PR China
| | - Huanyu Lv
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, PR China
| | - Hangzhou Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, PR China
| | - Dandan Rao
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, A235 Bourns Hall, 3401 Watkins Drive, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, PR China; College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266590, PR China.
| | - Bo Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, PR China.
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Cao L, Wang Z, Cheng Y, Chen Y, Liu Z, Yue S, Ma J, Xie P. Reinvestigation on the Mechanism for Algae Inactivation by the Ultraviolet/Peracetic Acid Process: Role of Reactive Species and Performance in Natural Water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:17629-17639. [PMID: 37906720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
This study provided an in-depth understanding of enhanced algae inactivation by combining ultraviolet and peracetic acid (UV/PAA) and selecting Microcystis aeruginosa as the target algae species. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) tests and scavenging experiments provided direct evidence on the formed reactive species (RSs) and indicated the dominant role of RSs including singlet oxygen (1O2) and hydroxyl (HO•) and organic (RO•) radicals in algae inactivation. Based on the algae inactivation kinetic model and the determined steady-state concentration of RSs, the contribution of RSs was quantitatively assessed with the second-order rate constants for the inactivation of algae by HO•, RO•, and 1O2 of 2.67 × 109, 3.44 × 1010, and 1.72 × 109 M-1 s-1, respectively. Afterward, the coexisting bi/carbonate, acting as a shuttle, that promotes the transformation from HO• to RO• was evidenced to account for the better performance of the UV/PAA system in algae inactivation under the natural water background. Subsequently, along with the evaluation of the UV/PAA preoxidation to modify coagulation-sedimentation, the possible application of the UV/PAA process for algae removal was advanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisan Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zongping Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yujie Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yiqun Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zizheng Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Siyang Yue
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Pengchao Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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7
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Li X, Xian X, Chen S, Song W, Yu X, Yu CP. Comparative study about ozonation to treat Microcystis-laden source water at the development and maintenance stage. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140045. [PMID: 37683947 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of toxic cyanobacteria blooms is hazardous to water safety. Ozonation has been used to treat cyanobacteria-laden source water. Generally, cyanobacterial blooms enter into a long-term maintenance stage from the bloom development, but how the changed bloom stage affects ozonation is still unknow. Herein, influences of ozonation on cell inactivation and microcystin removal of Microcystis at the development and maintenance stage, were investigated. Then, ozonation-assisted coagulation for Microcystis removal at the two stages was compared. Results showed no significant difference in the photosynthetic inactivation of Microcystis at both stages. Microcystis at the maintenance stage exhibited a lower loss of membrane integrity (268-480 M-1 s-1) than that at the development stage (413-596 M-1 s-1). However, the extracellular microcystin increased by 30-410% at the maintenance stage at a lower ratio of [O3: DOC] (0.10-0.80) compared to the development stage (0.21-1.68), mainly ascribed to a decrease in the ozonation efficiency for microcystin removal. This finding might result from the elevated biomass and N-containing organics as competitors to reduce microcystin ozonation. Meanwhile, it was possible to generate fewer hydroxyl radicals to oxidize microcystin at the maintenance stage than that at the development stage. Besides, the removal ratio of Microcystis after ozonation-assisted coagulation, was reduced by 46-230% at the maintenance stage, due to the insufficient modification of cellular surface or elevated organics of 3-30 kDa. This work indicated that ozonation is effective to treat Microcystis at the development stage of a bloom whist pre-ozonation might be an inappropriate choice at the long-term maintenance stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - XuanXuan Xian
- College of The Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Sheng Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Weijun Song
- College of Ecology and Resources Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, 354300, China.
| | - Xin Yu
- College of The Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Chang-Ping Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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8
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Li N, Chen F, Xu S, Zhu S, Bu L, Deng L, Shi Z, Zhou S. Removal of Microcystis aeruginosa by manganese activated sodium percarbonate: Performance and role of the in-situ formed MnO 2. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140054. [PMID: 37669718 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have found that pre-oxidation of manganese salts such as potassium permanganate and potassium manganate can remove algae in water, while existing problems such as excessive oxidation and appearance of chromaticity. In this study, our objective was to induce a Fenton-like reaction by activating sodium percarbonate (SPC) with divalent manganese (Mn(II)) to pre-oxidize algae-contaminated water. The optimal dosage of Mn(II)/SPC was determined by assessing the zeta potential of the algae and the residual Mn(II) in the solution. Moreover, we conducted a characterization of the cells post-reaction and assessed the levels of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The disinfection by-products (DBPs) (sodium hypochlorite disinfection)of the algae-containing water subsequent to Mn(II)/SPC treatment were measured. Experiments show that Mn(II)/SPC pre-oxidation at optimal dosage acquired 88% removal of algae and less damage to the cell membrane. Moreover, the Mn(II) acted not only as a catalyst but also formed MnO2 which adsorbed onto the cell surface and facilitated sedimentation. Furthermore, this technology exhibits the capability to effectively manage algal organic matters present in water, thereby mitigating the formation of nitrogen-containing DBPs. These results highlight the potential of Mn(II)/SPC treatment for treating water contaminated with algae, thus ensuring the safety and quality of water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Water Security Technology and Application, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Fan Chen
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Water Security Technology and Application, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Shunkai Xu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Water Security Technology and Application, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Shumin Zhu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Water Security Technology and Application, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Lingjun Bu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Water Security Technology and Application, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Lin Deng
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Water Security Technology and Application, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Zhou Shi
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Water Security Technology and Application, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Shiqing Zhou
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Water Security Technology and Application, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
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9
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Ye C, Chen C, Zhang K, Wu X, Cai WF, Feng M, Yu X. Solar/periodate-triggered rapid inactivation of Microcystis aeruginosa by interrupting the Calvin-Benson cycle. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 180:108204. [PMID: 37776621 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Frequent outbreak of cyanobacteria is a serious problem for drinking water treatment. The microcystins released from Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) could cause irreversible damage to human health. Catalyst-free solar/periodate (PI) system has recently presented great potential for bacterial inactivation, whereas the application potential and underlying mechanisms of the effective M. aeruginosa control remain unclear. Our work delineated the key role of ROS that inactivating/harmless disposing M. aeruginosa in the simulated sunlight (SSL)/PI system. Singlet oxygen may specifically cause DNA damage but maintain membrane integrity, preventing the risk of microcystins leakage. The SSL/PI 300 μM system could also effectively inhibit M. aeruginosa recovery for >7 days and completely degrade microcystin-LR (50.0 μg/L) within 30 min. Non-targeted metabolomic analysis suggested that the SSL/PI system inactivated M. aeruginosa mainly by interrupting the Calvin-Benson cycle, which damaged the metabolic flux of glycolysis and its downstream pathways such as the oxidative PPP pathway and glutathione metabolism. Furthermore, the activated PI system exhibited an even better algal inhibition under natural sunlight irradiation, evidenced by the seriously damaged cell membrane of M. aeruginosa. Overall, this study reported the comprehensive mechanisms of algal control and application potentials of solar/PI systems. The findings facilitated the development of emerging algicidal technology and its application in controlling environmental harmful algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsong Ye
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chenlan Chen
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Kaiting Zhang
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xu Wu
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wei-Feng Cai
- Xiamen Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fujian 361103. China
| | - Mingbao Feng
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xin Yu
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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10
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Kong S, Liu X, Jiang H, Hong W, Zhang J, Song W, Yan S. Photobleaching-induced changes in the optical and photochemical properties of algal organic matter. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 243:120395. [PMID: 37549448 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Algal organic matter (AOM), a significant source of endogenous dissolved organic matter (DOM) is released in high concentrations during cyanobacterial blooms, along with cyanotoxins. Subsequent photobleaching of AOM is an important phenomenon to investigate. In this study, intracellular organic matter (IOM) and extracellular organic matter (EOM) were extracted from cultured cyanobacteria taken from Taihu Lake in China. The formation of photochemically produced reactive intermediates in different stages of IOM and EOM photobleaching was compared to Suwannee River DOM (SRDOM, reference standard DOM). Results revealed notable differences influenced by the pigment component among IOM, EOM, and SRDOM. The pigment in IOM contributed to a triplet state pool with strong energy-transfer but limited electron-transfer capabilities. Notably, IOM exhibited the highest triplets state quantum yield value in the visible region, suggesting its potential significance in pollutant degradation in deeper water layers. For EOM, one of the pools exhibits photolability and remarkable electron-transfer capability, indicating it as a high-energy triplet state component. Moreover, three cyanotoxins (MC-LR, ACA, and ATX-a) were detected in the extracted AOM, and their photodegradation was monitored during the AOM photobleaching process. This highlights the potential role of AOM as a photosensitizer in the natural self-cleaning mechanisms of water bodies, facilitating the degradation of organic pollutants through photochemical reactions. The findings of this study contribute to understanding the dynamic nature of AOM and its implications in environmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengquan Kong
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Hongyu Jiang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Wenjie Hong
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Jibiao Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Weihua Song
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Shuwen Yan
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
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11
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Wang J, Wang Y, Li W, Wu X. Enhancement of KMnO 4 treatment on cyanobacteria laden-water via 1000 kHz ultrasound at a moderate intensity. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 98:106502. [PMID: 37379744 PMCID: PMC10320383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
1000 kHz high-frequency ultrasound at 0.12 and 0.39 W/mL intensity was used to enhance the inactivation of suspensions of Microcystis aeruginosa cells using KMnO4. With 10 mg/L of KMnO4, ultrasound at 0.12 W/mL intensity was found to be effective in inactivating the cyanobacteria within 10 min. A Weibull model was found to describes the inactivation well. Its concave shape shows that some cells have a certain resistance to this treatment. Cytometry and microscopic analysis confirm that the treatment damages cell integrity. Despite that the extracellular organic matter in the water was not significantly increased. The concentration of extracellular cyanobacterial toxins even decreased. The filtered suspension of inactivated cyanobacteria was used to cultivate mung beans, and the suspension did not hinder their germination. This provides a new idea for using cyanobacteria-laden wastewater. These findings suggest a technique for speeding up the oxidation of Microcystis cells using KMnO4 with ultrasound at moderate intensity, which provide new insights into the biological effects of ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- JuanJuan Wang
- Environment Science and Engineering College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Cultivated Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225127, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Environment Science and Engineering College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Wenshu Li
- Environment Science and Engineering College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xiaoge Wu
- Environment Science and Engineering College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
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12
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Fan J, Zeng J, Li X, Guo K, Liu W, Fang J. Multiple roles of UV/KMnO 4 in cyanobacteria containing water treatment: Cell inactivation & removal, and microcystin degradation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 457:131772. [PMID: 37307725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms present great challenges to drinking water treatment and human health. The novel combination of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) and ultraviolet (UV) radiation is engaged as a promising advanced oxidation process in water purification. This study investigated the treatment of a typical cyanobacteria, Microcystis aeruginosa by UV/KMnO4. Cell inactivation was significantly improved by UV/KMnO4 treatment, compared to UV alone or KMnO4 alone, and cells were completely inactivated within 35 min by UV/KMnO4 in natural water. Moreover, effective degradation of associated microcystins was simultaneously achieved at UV fluence rate of 0.88 mW cm-2 and KMnO4 dosages of 3-5 mg L-1. The significant synergistic effect is possibly attributable to the highly oxidative species produced during UV photolysis of KMnO4. In addition, the cell removal efficiency via self-settling reached 87.9 % after UV/KMnO4 treatment, without additional coagulants. The fast in situ generated manganese dioxide was responsible for the enhancement of M. aeruginosa cell removal. This study firstly reports multiple roles of UV/KMnO4 process in cyanobacterial cell inactivation and removal, as well as simultaneous microcystin degradation under practical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Fan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jianwei Zeng
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuchun Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Kaiheng Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wang Liu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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13
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Lang Y, Wang Y, Zhou R, Wu P. Self-Immolative Polythiophene for Sunlight Inactivation of Harmful Cyanobacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:7800-7808. [PMID: 37163388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms and the released microcystins (MCs) caused serious environmental and public health concerns to drinking water safety. Photo-oxidation is an appealing treatment option and alternative to conventional flocculation and microbial antagonists, but the performances of current photosensitizers (either inorganic or organic) are unsatisfactory. Here, a polythiophene photosensitizer (PT10) with both high yield of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (mainly 1O2, ΦΔ = 0.51, > 8 h continuous generation) and moderate photostability was used as a powerful algaecide to inhibit Microcystis aeruginosa. Due to the positive charge of PT10, the algal cells were quickly flocculated, followed by efficient inactivation in 4 h under white light irradiation (96.7%, 10 mW/cm2). Meanwhile, PT10 was self-immolated in about 6 h. Upon biosafety evaluation with adult zebrafish, the low toxicity of PT10 and the degradation products of PT10 and algae (early logarithmic growth stage) were confirmed. In addition, microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a toxic microcystin that will be released during the destruction of the algal cells, was also degraded. Therefore, PT10-based photoinactivation of M. aeruginosa featured both high performance and low secondary pollution. In real-world aquatic systems, PT10 was confirmed to be capable of sunlight-assisted inactivation of M. aeruginosa and prevent algal blooms, thus making it appealing for environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Lang
- Analytical & Testing Centre, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Analytical & Testing Centre, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ronghui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Peng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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14
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Zhao J, Lyu C, Zhang R, Han Y, Wu Y, Wu X. Self-cleaning and regenerable nano zero-valent iron modified PCN-224 heterojunction for photo-enhanced radioactive waste reduction. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130018. [PMID: 36155301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The expansion of large-scale nuclear power causes a substantial volume of radioactive wastewater containing uranium to be released into the environment. Because of uranium's toxicity and bioaccumulation, it is critical to develop the efficient and sustainable materials for selective removal of uranium (VI). Herein, a regenerable anti-biofouling nano zero-valent iron doped porphyrinic zirconium metal-organic framework (NZVI@PCN-224) heterojunction system was successfully fabricated. Due to the Schottky-junction effect at the NZVI/MOF interface, the NZVI nanomaterial immobilized on PCN-224 could improve interfacial electron transfer and separation efficiency, and enhance entire reduction of highly soluble U(VI) to less soluble U(IV), involving photocatalytic reduction and chemical reduction. Meanwhile, the photocatalytic effect also prompts the NZVI@PCN-224 to produce more biotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in high anti-microbial and anti-algae activities. Under dark conditions, NZVI@PCN-224 with a large specific surface area could provide sufficient oxo atoms as the uranium binding sites and show the highest uranium-adsorbing capability of 57.94 mg/g at pH 4.0. After eight adsorption-desorption cycles, NZVI@PCN-224 still retained a high uranium adsorption capacity of 47.98 mg/g and elimination efficiency (91.72%). This sorption/reduction/anti-biofouling synergistic strategy of combining chelation, chemical reduction and photocatalytic performance inspires new insights for highly efficient treatment of liquid radioactive waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chaoyi Lyu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yao Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yundi Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Xilong Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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15
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Ma J, Jia B, Li S, Kong Y, Nie Y, Zhang H, Xiao M, Gao T. Enhanced coagulation of covalent composite coagulant with potassium permanganate oxidation for algae laden water treatment: algae and extracellular organic matter removal. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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16
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Li X, Song W, Chen S. Kinetics and mechanism of ozonation to treat Microcystis-laden source waters affected by cell-viability. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 439:129604. [PMID: 35908396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Toxic cyanobacteria are challenging drinking water safety globally, and their cell-viability declines at decay stage of a succussive bloom. Ozone might be a more effective oxidant to treat both high- and low-viability cyanobacteria than other common oxidants (e.g., chlorine, potassium permanganate). However, previous studies only conducted ozonation experiments using high-viability cyanobacteria, and potential influences of cell-viability on ozonation process, remains unknown. In this study, kinetics of ozone decay, cell inactivation, membrane destruction, and cyanotoxin fate of high- and low-viability Microcystis (the most common genus), was investigated, and associated mechanism was discussed. Results showed that low-viability Microcystis exhibited a higher rate constant of membrane destruction (665-744 M-1 s-1) than high-viability Microcystis (364-600 M-1 s-1) by equal concentrations of ozone, ascribed to loosely gelatinous sheath comprised with fewer organic matters as oxidant scavengers. Meanwhile, a higher rate constant of photosynthetic inactivation induced by ozonation, was observed for low-viability Microcystis (312-364 M-1 s-1) than that for high-viability Microcystis (168-294 M-1 s-1). However, elevated aromatic organics competitively inhibited microcystin ozonation for low-viability Microcystis, and hydroxyl radicals for microcystin oxidation could be reduced by elevated organic loads and alkalinity. Moreover, elevated ozone exposure (>51 mg min L-1) did not totally oxidize microcystin with a residual of 30 μg L-1 for low-viability Microcystis. These findings suggested that elevated microcystin risk would be the great barrier to limit ozonation application for low-viability Microcystis, even with benefits of higher cell inactivation compared to high-viability Microcystis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Weijun Song
- College of Ecology and Resources Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China.
| | - Sheng Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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17
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Zhu T, Liu B. Mechanism study on the effect of peracetic acid (PAA), UV/PAA and ultrasonic/PAA oxidation on ultrafiltration performance during algae-laden water treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 220:118705. [PMID: 35667168 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, peracetic acid (PAA), ultraviolet (UV)/PAA and ultrasonic (US)/PAA pre-oxidation were applied to enhance ultrafiltration (UF) performance during algae-laden water treatment. The results showed that 10 mg/L PAA, exhibiting an optimal performance with membrane fouling resistance reduced by 76.26%. Low dosage of UV/PAA can effectively control fouling by enhancing the degradation of dissolved organics. Though more radicals were generated with the increasing dosage of PAA during the UV/PAA process, flux deterioration was occurred when PAA dosage over 10 mg/L, owing to a negative correlation between fouling resistance and algal integrity loss. Compared with UV, US exhibited a worse activation effect on PAA with less reactive radicals produced. Even worse, US can stimulate the stress metabolism of algal cells with slightly integrity loss, which then resulted in an exacerbation of permeate quality. Fouling mechanism analysis revealed that the delay formation of cake layer with membrane fouling alleviation mainly through efficient degradation of macromolecular organics. The investigation of synergistic and individual effect of EOM degradation, algae rupture and IOM release on the filtration performance revealed that EOM degradation was the primary mechanism for fouling control while algae rupture rather than IOM release was crucial for membrane fouling aggravation. This indicates that moderate oxidation, with property of high organic degradation and low cell rupture, was the working principal and objectives for algae-laden water treatment. Additionally, it was found that the ·OH radicals produced during UV/PAA process can efficiently degrade representative odors. In general, pretreatments of PAA and low dosages of UV/PAA showed promising prospects in improving the UF performance of algae-laden water and treating algal secretions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Water Security Technology and Application, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Water Security Technology and Application, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
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18
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Oxidation to Control Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins in Drinking Water Treatment Plants: Challenges at the Laboratory and Full-Scale Plants. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14040537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The impact of oxidation on mitigation of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in drinking water treatment sludge was investigated at the laboratory and treatment plant scales. Two common oxidants, KMnO4 (5 and 10 mg/L) and H2O2 (10 and 20 mg/L) were applied under controlled steady-state conditions. Non-oxidized and oxidized sludge was left to stagnate in the dark for 7 to 38 days. Controlled laboratory trials show that KMnO4 and H2O2 decreased cell counts up to 62% and 77%, respectively. The maximum total MC level reduction achieved after oxidation was 41% and 98% using 20 mg/L H2O2 and 10 mg/L KMnO4, respectively. Stagnation caused cell growth up to 2.6-fold in 8 out of 22 oxidized samples. Microcystin (MC) producer orders as Chroococcales and Synechococcales were persistent while Nostocales was sensitive to combined oxidation and stagnation stresses. In parallel, two on-site shock oxidation treatments were performed in the DWTP’s sludge holding tank using 10 mg/L KMnO4. On-site shock oxidation decreased taxonomic cell counts by up to 43% within 24 h. Stagnation preceded by on-site shock oxidation could increase total cell counts by up to 55% as compared to oxidation alone. The increase of cell counts and mcyD gene copy numbers during stagnation revealed the impact of oxidation/stagnation on cyanobacterial cell growth. These findings show the limitations of sludge oxidation as a strategy to manage cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in sludge and suggest that alternative approaches to prevent the accumulation and mitigation of cyanobacteria in sludge should be considered.
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19
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Chen Y, Liu R, Wu X, Liu Y, Fu J, Ou H. Surface characteristic and sinking behavior modifications of microplastics during potassium permanganate pre-oxidation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 422:126855. [PMID: 34425434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) occur in the source water of worldwide drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). Pre-oxidation treatments become the initial stage for MPs treatment in DWTPs. Investigating the modifications of MPs after pre-oxidations is important to understand their fate in DWTPs. In this study, potassium permanganate oxidation (PPO) was applied to treat four high abundant MPs in DWTPs, including polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinylchloride (PVC) and polystyrene (PS). Influences of polymer types, sizes and pH were considered. After 10 mg L-1 PPO, only slight corrosions were observed on all MPs. Whereas, the appearances of O-Mn spectrum and the observation of nano-scale particles indicated the generation of nascent state Mn-oxides (MnO2) on MPs surface. This adhesion of MnO2 contributed to increasing density and hydrophilicity. As a result, the sinking performance of MPs was enhanced, e.g. the sinking ratio of 6.5 µm MPs increased 30% (PET), 20% (PVC) and 30% (PS) compared with pristine ones upon pH 7 PPO. These results implied that the practical PPO can enhance the sinking behavior of MPs. Of note, PE seems to be persistent and requires special concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Chen
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Center for Environmental Microplastics Studies, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ruijuan Liu
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Center for Environmental Microplastics Studies, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xinni Wu
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Center for Environmental Microplastics Studies, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Center for Environmental Microplastics Studies, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jianwei Fu
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Center for Environmental Microplastics Studies, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Huase Ou
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Center for Environmental Microplastics Studies, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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20
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Fan G, Lin X, You Y, Du B, Li X, Luo J. Magnetically separable ZnFe 2O 4/Ag 3PO 4/g-C 3N 4 photocatalyst for inactivation of Microcystis aeruginosa: Characterization, performance and mechanism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126703. [PMID: 34315026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water eutrophication leads to increasingly serious harmful algal blooms (HABs), which poses tremendous threats on aquatic environment and human health. In this work, a novel magnetically separable ZnFe2O4/Ag3PO4/g-C3N4 (ZFO/AP/CN) photocatalyst with double Z-scheme was constructed for Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) inactivation and Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) degradation under visible light. The photocatalyst was characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM, XPS, FTIR, UV-vis, PL, and VSM. Approximately 96.33% of chlorophyll a was degraded by ZFO/AP/CN (100 mg/L) after 3 h of visible light irradiation. During the photocatalytic process, the malondialdehyde (MDA) of M. aeruginosa increased, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) increased initially and decreased afterwards. Furthermore, the photocatalytic removal efficiency of M. aeruginosa (OD680 ≈0.732) and MC-LR (0.2 mg/L) reached 94.31% and 76.92%, respectively, in the simultaneous removal of algae and algal toxin experiment. Reactive species scavenging experiments demonstrated that·O2- and·OH played key roles in inactivating M. aeruginosa and degrading MC-LR. The excellent recoverability and stability of ZFO/AP/CN were proved by cycling photocatalytic experiment which using magnetic recovery method. In summary, the synthesized magnetically separable ZFO/AP/CN photocatalyst has remarkable photocatalytic activity under visible light and shows promising potential for practical application of alleviating HABs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongduan Fan
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116 Fujian, China; State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, 350002 Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials, Fuzhou University, 350002 Fujian, China.
| | - Xin Lin
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116 Fujian, China
| | - Yifan You
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116 Fujian, China
| | - Banghao Du
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116 Fujian, China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116 Fujian, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Fujian Jinhuang Environmental Sci-Tech Co., Ltd, 350002 Fujian, China
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21
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Cao L, Wang J, Wang Z, Yu S, Cheng Y, Ma J, Xie P. Inactivation of Microcystis Aeruginosa by peracetic acid combined with ultraviolet: Performance and characteristics. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 208:117847. [PMID: 34794020 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The inactivation of algae by a combined process of peracetic acid and ultraviolet irradiation (UV/PAA) was systematically investigated by choosing Microcystis aeruginosa as the reference algal species. Both hydroxyl (HO•) and organic radicals (RO•) contributed to the cell integrity loss and RO• played the dominant roles. The algae inactivation kinetics can be well fitted by the typical Hom model, showing that the inactivation kinetic curves followed a type of shoulder and exponential reduction. The initial shoulder might be induced by the protection from the cell wall. Although the results from the cell morphology, UV-vis spectra and fluorescence excitation-emission matrices analysis suggested the cell lysis and the release of algal organic matter (AOM) in the UV/PAA process, the AOM could be subsequently degraded. Humic acid (1 - 5 mg/L) inhibited the algal cell inactivation, and the presence of chloride (0.5 - 2 mM) had little effect on the cell viability reduction. However, the addition of bicarbonate (1 - 5 mM) promoted cell integrity loss. The UV/PAA process displayed better performance under the natural water background, demonstrating the extensive potential for the practical application of this approach. This study suggests that the UV/PAA process is an effective strategy for algae inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisan Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zongping Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shiwen Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yujie Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Pengchao Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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22
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Nam G, Mohamed MM, Jung J. Novel treatment of Microcystis aeruginosa using chitosan-modified nanobubbles. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118458. [PMID: 34740739 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we treated harmful Microcystis aeruginosa cyanobacteria using chitosan-modified nanobubbles. The chitosan-modified nanobubbles (255 ± 19 nm) presented a positive zeta potential (15.36 ± 1.17 mV) and generated significantly (p < 0.05) more hydroxyl radicals than the negatively charged nanobubbles (-20.68 ± 1.11 mV). Therefore, the interaction between the positively charged chitosan-modified nanobubbles and negatively charged M. aeruginosa (-34.81 ± 1.79 mV) was favored. The chitosan-modified nanobubble treatment (2.20 × 108 particles mL-1) inactivated 73.16% ± 2.23% of M. aeruginosa (2.00 × 106 cells mL-1) for 24 h without causing significant cell lysis (≤0.25%) and completely inhibited the acute toxicity of M. aeruginosa toward Daphnia magna. The inactivation was correlated (r2 = 0.97) with the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in M. aeruginosa. These findings indicated that the hydroxyl radicals generated by the chitosan-modified nanobubbles disrupted cell membrane integrity and enhanced oxidative stress (ROS formation), thereby inactivating M. aeruginosa. Moreover, the penetration of the chitosan-modified nanobubbles and cell alterations in M. aeruginosa were visually confirmed. Our results suggested that the chitosan-modified nanobubble treatment is an eco-friendly method for controlling harmful algae. However, further studies are required for expanding its practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwiwoong Nam
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohamed M Mohamed
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates; National Water Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jinho Jung
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Wang Y, Li F, Du J, Shi X, Tang A, Fu ML, Sun W, Yuan B. Formation of nitrosamines during chloramination of two algae species in source water-Microcystis aeruginosa and Cyclotella meneghiniana. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149210. [PMID: 34315055 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of two algae species, Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) and Cyclotella meneghiniana (C. meneghiniana), to the formation of nitrosamines (NAs) during chloramination in drinking water treatment was investigated. A variety of factors including contact time, algae cell concentration, chloramine dosages, and algal cell components (cell debris (CD), intracellular organic matter (IOM), and extracellular organic matter (EOM)) were evaluated for influencing the formation of different NAs, such as N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDMA), N-Nitrosomethylethylamine (NMEA), N-Nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA), N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine (NDPA), and N-nitrosopyridine (NPyr). In addition, NAs formation from Chlorophyll-a and Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) after chloramination was studied. These results showed that the increase of reaction time and algae cell concentration enhanced the formation potential of five types of NAs from both algae species, except for the NDMA formation from C. meneghiniana, which increased first and then decreased with increased reaction time. The generation of NDMA was detected as the dominated type of NAs. The formation of total NAs from both algae species followed same pattern of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of chloramine dosage. The largest NAs formation potential (NAsFP) of M. aeruginosa and C. meneghiniana showed at 1.5 mM and 1.0 mM monochloramine, respectively. Moreover, the impacts of algae cellular components on the formation potential of NAs followed the order of IOM > EOM ≫ CD and IOM ≫ CD > EOM for M. aeruginosa and C. meneghiniana, respectively, indicating that IOM was the main source of NAs precursors for both algae. Furthermore, EEM analysis before and after chloramination confirmed that the soluble microbial products (SMPs) and protein-like substances were the main cellular components that contributed to NAs formation for both algae. The NAs formation potential of Microcystin-LR was much higher than that of Chlorophyll-a chloramination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Jiayu Du
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Xiaoyang Shi
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Aixi Tang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Ming-Lai Fu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Department of Atmospheric and Hydrologic Science, St. Cloud State University, 720 4th Avenue South, St. Cloud, MN 56301, United States of America
| | - Baoling Yuan
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China.
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Microalgal photosynthetic inhibition and mixotrophic growth in Post Hydrothermal Liquefaction Wastewater (PHW). ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Li X, Zeng J, Yu X. Different response pattern of cyanobacteria at development and maintenance stage to potassium permanganate oxidation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 419:126492. [PMID: 34323717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence of successive cyanobacterial blooms in source waters can continuously impair drinking water quality. Previous studies have separately investigated potassium permanganate (KMnO4) to treat high-viability cyanobacteria at just one stage of either development or maintenance. However, maintenance stage exhibited significantly higher cell-density and extracellular organic matters (EOMs) than development stage, which may result in a different KMnO4 oxidation pattern. In this study, kinetics of oxidant decay, membrane integrity loss, and toxin degradation of high-viability cyanobacteria at both stages were compared. Results showed that cyanobacteria at maintenance stage became more resistant to KMnO4 oxidation than that at development stage, since elevated cell-density and more proteins involved in EOMs resulted in lower oxidant exposure at this stage. Meanwhile, elevated cyanobacterial biomass became the main competitors to decrease toxin degradation efficiency at maintenance stage, leading to incapacity to degrade extracellular toxin to below safety guideline of 1 μg L-1. Consequently, comparing with the best strategy for development stage (6 mg min L-1, no membrane damage), a higher oxidant exposure (12 mg min L-1) was recommended to treat cyanobacteria at maintenance stage even with slight membrane damage (19%), since it degraded extracellular toxin to below safety guideline and achieved the highest removal ratio of EOMs. Overall, this study demonstrated that stage of cyanobacteria can strongly affect KMnO4 oxidation pattern, and it is necessary for water supplies to optimize KMnO4 treatments depending on bloom stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Li
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Jie Zeng
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Xin Yu
- College of The Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Li X, Zeng J, Yu X. Potassium permanganate as a promising pre-oxidant to treat low-viability cyanobacteria and associated removal of cyanotoxins and extracellular organic matters. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 202:117353. [PMID: 34246989 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell-viability of cyanobacteria declines from development to decay stage during a successive bloom. Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) has demonstrated to be a superior pre-oxidant to treat high-viability cyanobacteria compared to other common oxidants (e.g., chlorine), but whether it is feasible to treat low-viability cyanobacteria is unknown. Here, effects of KMnO4 on membrane integrity, cyanotoxin fate and extracellular organic matters (EOMs) removal of high- and low-viability cyanobacteria were compared. Results showed that cell-viability of cyanobacteria could affect oxidant decay (kdecay), membrane damage (kloss), and cyanotoxins release (ki) and degradation (ke) during KMnO4 oxidation, similar to chlorination. However, unlike chlorination, initial low dosages of KMnO4 (0.5 and 1 mg L-1) minimized membrane damage for low-viability cyanobacteria (< 27%), and continuously decrease extracellular cyanotoxins, extracellular organic matters (EOMs), and aromatic compounds to some degrees (P<0.05). High dosages of KMnO4 (> 2 mg L-1) caused severe membrane destruction (> 89%) for low-viability cyanobacteria, leading to a fast increase of extracellular cyanotoxins within 1 h. However, total/extracellular cyanotoxins were oxidized to below the safety guideline of 1 μg L-1 after being dosed with sufficient oxidant exposure. EOMs and aromatic compounds were also reduced by 5-18% (P<0.05). Additionally, KMnO4-assisted coagulation significantly improved the removal of low-viability cyanobacteria (2-5 fold). Consequently, KMnO4 could be a promising pre-oxidant to treat low-viability cyanobacteria at decay stage of a successive bloom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Li
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Jie Zeng
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Xin Yu
- College of The Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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Wang W, Liao P, Li G, Chen H, Cen J, Lu S, Wong PK, An T. Photocatalytic inactivation and destruction of harmful microalgae Karenia mikimotoi under visible-light irradiation: Insights into physiological response and toxicity assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 198:111295. [PMID: 33971128 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) caused by Karenia mikimotoi have frequently happened in coastal waters worldwide, causing serious damages to marine ecosystems and economic losses. Photocatalysis has potential to in-situ inhibit algal growth using sustainable sunlight. However, the inactivation and detoxification mechanisms of microalgae in marine environment have not been systematically investigated. In this work, for the first time, visible-light-driven photocatalytic inactivation of K. mikimotoi was attempted using g-C3N4/TiO2 immobilized films as a model photocatalyst. The inactivation efficiency could reach 64% within 60 min, evaluated by real-time in vivo chlorophyll-a fluorometric method. The immobilized photocatalyst films also exhibited excellent photo-stability and recyclability. Mechanisms study indicated photo-generated h+ and 1O2 were the dominant reactive species. Algal cell rupture process was monitored by fluorescent microscope combined with SEM observation, which confirmed the damage of cell membrane followed by the leakage of the intracellular components including the entire cell nucleus. The physiological responses regarding up-regulation of antioxidant enzyme activity (i.e. CAT and SOD), intracellular ROSs level and lipid peroxidation were all observed. Moreover, the intracellular release profile and acute toxicity assessment indicated the toxic K. mikimotoi was successfully detoxified, and the released organic matter had no cytotoxicity. This work not only provides a potential new strategy for in-situ treatment of K. mikimotoi using sunlight at sea environments, but also creates avenue for understanding the inactivation and destruction mechanisms of marine microalgae treated by photocatalysis and the toxicity impacts on the marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjun Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Pan Liao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Heng Chen
- Research Center of Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jingyi Cen
- Research Center of Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Songhui Lu
- Research Center of Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Po Keung Wong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Aragão MC, Dos Reis KC, Rocha MAM, de Oliveira Guedes D, Dos Santos EC, Capelo-Neto J. Removal of Dolichospermum circinale, Microcystis aeruginosa, and their metabolites using hydrogen peroxide and visible light. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 232:105735. [PMID: 33540290 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Frequent cyanobacterial blooms in reservoirs used for human supply increase the risk of noxious secondary metabolites, endangering human health and ecological balance, and requiring constant monitoring by water companies. Although hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been widely reported as an effective agent for the control of cyanobacteria, being Microcystis aeruginosa one of the most studied species, very limited data is available on its effects over Dolichospermum circinale. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of H2O2 on D. circinale and comparing it to the effects over the M. aeruginosa. The treatment was performed in cyanobacterial cultures with the application of 2 and 5 mg L-1 of H2O2 under visible light. To measure the impact of the treatment, intact cells were counted and cell re-growth monitored. Geosmin and microcystin, cell pigments, color, and organic matter in water were also analyzed during the treatment. The results showed that even the smallest H2O2 concentration (2 mg L-1) was able to completely remove D. circinale cells. Although M. aeruginosa could only be completely removed using 5 mg L-1, the few cells remaining after the application of 2 mg L-1 were not viable and did not re-grew after 15 days. Total microcystin concentration increased after M. aeruginosa was exposed to H2O2, suggesting that oxidative stress may increase the detection of this metabolite when the cells are lysed. While 2 mg L-1 was able to significantly decrease total geosmin, the addition of 5 mg L-1 did not improve removal. Chlorophyll-a was readily degraded after cell rupture but the same did not happen to phycocyanin, demonstrating its high resilience to this oxidant. Color and organic matter increased for the M. aeruginosa but decreased for the D. circinale suspension, probably because the higher concentration of the M. aeruginosa yielded more extracellular content to the water which was not able to be degraded by the amount of H2O2 applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Correia Aragão
- Federal University of Ceara, Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Block 713, Campus Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Kelly Cristina Dos Reis
- Federal University of Ceara, Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Block 713, Campus Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Maria Aparecida Melo Rocha
- Federal University of Ceara, Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Block 713, Campus Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Dayvson de Oliveira Guedes
- Federal University of Ceara, Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Block 713, Campus Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Costa Dos Santos
- Federal University of Ceara, Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Block 713, Campus Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Jose Capelo-Neto
- Federal University of Ceara, Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Block 713, Campus Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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Zhang X, Xiao Y, Huang Z, Chen J, Cui Y, Niu B, Huang Y, Pan X, Wu C. Smart phase transformation system based on lyotropic liquid crystalline@hard capsules for sustained release of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. Drug Deliv 2020; 27:449-459. [PMID: 32157918 PMCID: PMC7144316 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1736210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Smart phase transformation systems@hard capsule (SPTS@hard capsule) based on lyotropic liquid crystalline (LLC) were developed for oral sustained release in this study. Doxycycline hydrochloride (DOXY) and meloxicam (MLX) were used as hydrophilic and hydrophobic model drug, respectively. Two systems were added with different additives, that is, gelucire 39/01, PEG 1000 and Tween 80 to adjust their melting point and release profiles. The phase transformation of these systems could be triggered by water as well as temperature. They could spontaneously transform into cubic phase or hexagonal phase when coming across with water, to achieve the 24 h sustained release profile. In addition, the obtained systems could switch between semisolid state and liquid state when temperature changed within room temperature and body temperature, which facilitated the phase transformation in gastrointestinal tract and during their encapsulation into hard capsules. LLC-based SPTS@hard capsule revealed potential for the industrialization of its oral administration on account of its drugs accommodation with different solubility, controllable release profile and simple preparation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yujun Xiao
- Zhuhai Food and Drug (Medical Equipment) Administration Center for Evaluation and Certification, Zhuhai, PR China
| | - Zhengwei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jintian Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yingtong Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Boyi Niu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ying Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
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30
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Chen Q, Wang L, Qi Y, Ma C. Imaging mass spectrometry of interspecies metabolic exchange revealed the allelopathic interaction between Microcystis aeruginosa and its antagonist. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 259:127430. [PMID: 32593822 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The frequent outbreaks of cyanobacterial blooms which caused serious societal and economic loss have become a worldwide problem. Interactions between toxic cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria competitors play a pivotal role in the formation of toxic cyanobacterial bloom, but the underlying mechanisms of interactions between them await further research. The antagonist activity of Pseudomonas grimontii (P.grimontii) was confirmed by reduction in chlorophyll a concentration of Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) in an infected culture for a 7d period. The initial concentration of P.grimontii affected the M. aeruginosa activity significantly. When the 10% (V/V) concentration of P.grimontii A01 and P.grimontii A14 cultures were infected, the reduction of M. aeruginosa reached to 91.81% and 78.25% after 7 days, respectively. While a 0.1% (v/v) concentration of P.grimontii A01 and P.grimontii A14 cultures were infected, the M. aeruginosa increased 31.13% and 16.67% occurred, respectively. The content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased with increasing of P.grimontii fermentation liquid, indicating the M. aeruginosa underwent oxidative stress. Using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) profiling of co-cultures of M. aeruginosa and its antagonist P.grimontii, we revealed novel interspecies allelopathic interactions and compete molecule. We showed the spatial secondary metabolites may mediate the interactions in which P.grimontii inhibits growth of M. aeruginosa. Additionally, we revealed how M. aeruginosa feedback to the P.grimontii, which stimulates secondary metabolites such as [D-Asp3]-microcystin-LR released by M. aeruginosa. IMS method highlights the significance of allelopathic interactions between a widely distributed toxic cyanobacteria and its bacteria competitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Chen
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Jinan, 250014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Jinan, 250014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Yuanfeng Qi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, PR China
| | - Chunxia Ma
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Jinan, 250014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China.
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Lin S, Yu X, Fang J, Fan J. Influences of the micropollutant erythromycin on cyanobacteria treatment with potassium permanganate. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 177:115786. [PMID: 32305701 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria blooms and micropollutants (e.g., antibiotics) in source waters are two increasing environmental issues worldwide. This study hypothesized that the coexisting antibiotics may possibly alter the efficiency of water treatment processes through affecting the physiological and biochemical characteristics of cyanobacterial cells. A toxic strain of Microcystis aeruginosa was exposed to the common antibiotic erythromycin (ERY) at environmentally relevant concentrations; then, samples were collected on days 1, 4 and 6 to assess the efficiency of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) in cyanobacteria oxidation. The percentage of intact cells remained constant after treatment with 2 mg L-1 KMnO4 in M. aeruginosa samples dosed with 0-5.0 μg L-1 ERY. Although 6 mg L-1 KMnO4 could damage cyanobacterial cells, its ability was considerably reduced as the concentrations of ERY increased. KMnO4 oxidation degraded the intracellular microcystins (MCs) in all of the cyanobacterial samples, even the samples with intact cells, possibly resulting from the stimulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). The highest amounts of total MCs remained after oxidation with 2 and 6 mg L-1 KMnO4 in 0.2 μg L-1 ERY-treated cyanobacterial samples, which may be due to large amounts of MC production. The 5.0 μg L-1 ERY inhibited the growth of cyanobacterial cells and downregulated the expression of the MC synthesis gene (mcyB), which resulted in the lowest amounts of total MCs. However, it led to the highest concentration (4.6 μg L-1) of extracellular MCs after treatment with 2 mg L-1 KMnO4 for 300 min. Generally, this study indicates that the effectiveness of KMnO4 oxidation in cyanobacteria treatment decreased when the concentration of ERY increased. Hence, the possible risks caused by the coexistence of cyanobacteria and antibiotics, such as reduced efficiency of water treatment processes in cyanobacteria inactivation and degradation of the dissolved MCs, need to be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyuan Lin
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Yu
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jiajia Fan
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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Qi J, Lan H, Liu R, Liu H, Qu J. Efficient Microcystis aeruginosa removal by moderate photocatalysis-enhanced coagulation with magnetic Zn-doped Fe 3O 4 particles. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 171:115448. [PMID: 31901509 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalysis is becoming a popular method for the inactivation of algae cells. However, the previous research has mainly focused on the destruction of algae cells by photocatalysis for control of harmful blooms in natural waters. This study aims to investigate the effect of photocatalytic pretreatment on the coagulation process for Microcystis aeruginosa removal. Photocatalytic pretreatment by recyclable magnetic Zn-doped Fe3O4 particles under visible-light was indicated to enhance the algae removal efficiency from 10% to 96% with the catalyst dose of 0.05 g/L. The possible mechanism involved in the enhancement was explored by analyzing variations in the algal suspension from the aspects of cell integrity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, cell morphology, and dissolved organic matter (DOM). The photocatalytic process was proved to realize moderate pretreatment of algae cells by destabilization of the algae cells without damaging cell integrity. The damaged cell ratios were all below 6% even after 360-min photocatalytic pretreatment, which could avoid the undesirable release of intracellular organic matter (IOM). The increase in SOD activity with prolonged photocatalytic time indicated that algae cells were stimulated to extensively activate SOD to resist the oxidative damage induced by the photocatalysis. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements further revealed that superoxide radicals were generated and involved in the photocatalytic pretreatment process. Additionally, increased DOC values in the algal suspension were induced by the desorption of mucilage from algae cells. The desorbed mucilage was proved to be mainly composed of large or medium MW rather than small MW compounds, which could further enhance the coagulation. Therefore, the efficient coagulation of algal suspensions can be realized by moderate pretreatment of M. aeruginosa via the magnetic Zn-doped Fe3O4 particle photocatalysis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Huachun Lan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Ruiping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Baniamerian H, Tsapekos P, Alvarado-Morales M, Shokrollahzadeh S, Safavi M, Angelidaki I. Anti-algal activity of Fe 2O 3-TiO 2 photocatalyst on Chlorella vulgaris species under visible light irradiation. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 242:125119. [PMID: 31677511 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many industries located in coastal areas use a large amount of seawater. Algal biofouling can be a major problem that hinders the efficiency of these industrial facilities. In most cases, seawater requires algal removal pre-treatment to avoid or mitigate biofilm formation. To remediate green microalgae, Fe2O3-TiO2 nanoparticles with 2.5% w/w Fe2O3 were applied as a visible light driven photocatalyst. The anti-algal activity of the photocatalytic pre-treatment using green microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris was tested. The experiments were carried out in freshwater, artificial seawater, and real seawater. Effect of photocatalyst dosage, visible light intensity, and water salinity on the removal of microalgae was investigated. The highest inactivation efficiency of Chlorella vulgaris was achieved under 55 W/m2 visible light irradiation when 0.25 g/L of Fe2O3-TiO2 photocatalyst was used. The photocatalytic removal kinetics of Chlorella vulgaris followed the pseudo first order Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. The results revealed that the efficiency of photocatalytic removal of algae decreased with increasing of seawater salinity. The anti-algal activity of Fe2O3-TiO2 nanoparticles was attributed to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the photocatalytic process. H+ radical was shown to be the most important ROS that nanoparticles produced in the aqueous media. Using Fe2O3-TiO2 nanoparticles in photocatalytic pre-treatment could be an efficient environmental-friendly method for micro-algal remediation in seawater under visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Baniamerian
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark; Department of Chemical Technologies, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Panagiotis Tsapekos
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Merlin Alvarado-Morales
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Soheila Shokrollahzadeh
- Department of Chemical Technologies, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Safavi
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark.
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Kato T, Yu Q, Tanaka K, Kozai N, Saito T, Ohnuki T. Reduction behaviors of permanganate by microbial cells and concomitant accumulation of divalent cations of Mg 2+, Zn 2+, and Co 2. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 86:78-86. [PMID: 31787192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Permanganate treatment is widely used for disinfection of bacteria in surface-contaminated water. In this paper, the fate of the dissolved permanganate in aqueous solution after contact with cells of Pseudomonas fluorescens was studied. Concomitant accumulation of divalent cations of Mg2+, Zn2+, and Co2+ during precipitation of Mn oxides was also studied. The time course of the Mn concentration in solution showed an abrupt decrease after contact of Mn(VII) with microbial cells, followed by an increase after ~24 hr. XRD analysis of the precipitated Mn oxides, called biomass Mn oxides, showed the formation of low-crystalline birnessite. Visible spectroscopy and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) analyses indicated that dissolved Mn(VII) was reduced to form biomass Mn oxides involving Mn(IV) and Mn(III), followed by reduction to soluble Mn(II). The numbers of electron transferred from microbial cells to permanganate and to biomass Mn oxides for 24 hr after the contact indicated that the numbers of electron transfer from microbial cell was approximately 50 times higher to dissolved permanganate than to the biomass Mn oxides in present experimental conditions. The 24 hr accumulation of divalent cations during formation of biomass Mn oxides was in the order of Co2+ > Zn2+ > Mg2+. XANES analysis of Co showed that oxidation of Co2+ to Co3+ resulted in higher accumulation of Co than Zn and Mg. Thus, treatment of surface water by KMnO4 solution is effective not only for disinfection of microorganisms, but also for the elimination of metal cations from surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Kato
- School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan; Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Qianqian Yu
- School of Earth Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kazuya Tanaka
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Naofumi Kozai
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Takumi Saito
- The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Ohnuki
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan; Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
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Wei H, Tang Y, Shoeib T, Li A, Yang H. Evaluating the effects of the preoxidation of H 2O 2, NaClO, and KMnO 4 and reflocculation on the dewaterability of sewage sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 234:942-952. [PMID: 31519103 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The preoxidation effects of H2O2, NaClO, and KMnO4 on the dewaterability of sewage sludge were compared by analyzing the changes in specific resistance to filtration (SRF), filter cake moisture content (FCMC), extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) fractions and components, and floc properties. The three oxidants varied in oxidation efficiency and exhibited distinctive mechanisms. NaClO not only destroyed sludge flocs and EPSs but also effectively caused cell lysis, resulting in release of a considerable amount of organic matters and subsequently significant deterioration of dewatering performance. The oxidation of H2O2 and KMnO4 was relatively mild and occurred mainly on the outer layers of the sludge flocs and cell-bound EPSs. By contrast, the SRF and FCMC of the sludge conditioned with a low dose of KMnO4 were slightly improved, and a fraction of soluble EPS was compressed because of the coagulation effect of the oxidation product MnO2. The pH of the sludge conditioned with H2O2 and KMnO4 showed no considerable change. Meanwhile, NaClO evidently increased the alkalinity of the sludge because of the hydrolysis effect. After the pH of the NaClO-treated sludge was readjusted to 7.0, the partial protonation efficiency slightly alleviated the deterioration of sludge dewatering performance. The preoxidized sludge was then subjected to reflocculation treatment using FeCl3, polyacrylamide, and a cationic starch-based flocculant, respectively. The combined treatment of preoxidation and reflocculation showed a high dewatering efficiency owing to their synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yunong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Tamer Shoeib
- Department of Chemistry, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Aimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Hu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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Xu H, Brookes J, Hobson P, Pei H. Impact of copper sulphate, potassium permanganate, and hydrogen peroxide on Pseudanabaena galeata cell integrity, release and degradation of 2-methylisoborneol. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 157:64-73. [PMID: 30953856 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Frequent off-flavor events caused by geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol have caused concern among consumers about the quality of potable water. Pseudanabaena galeata, a filamentous cyanobacterium, is a known producer of 2-methylisoborneol in lakes and reservoirs. The use of algicides to control cyanobacteria must consider the potential release of contaminants into the water. This is the first study to systematically investigate the effectiveness of copper sulphate (CuSO4), potassium permanganate (KMnO4), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the cell viability and integrity of Pseudanabaena galeata. Following algicide or oxidant treatment, the release and degradation of 2-methylisoborneol was also examined. It is evident that all of these chemicals can decrease Pseudanabaena galeata viability and damage cell membranes and the filamentous Pseudanabaena galeata was more susceptible to treatment by these three algicides than unicellular colonial Microcystis aeruginosa. Of the three compounds used, KMnO4 showed the stronger ability to compromise cell integrity and 5.0 mg/L KMnO4 could induce 91 ± 1.5% lysis of Pseudanabaena galeata within 2 h. It was found that H2O2 had the potential to degrade 2-methylisoborneol with 16.0 ± 0.4% degraded by 20.0 mg/L H2O2 within 8 h. In contrast, 2-methylisoborneol could not be degraded by CuSO4 (dosage: ≤ 1.5 mg/L; reaction time: ≤ 8 h) and KMnO4 (dosage: ≤ 5.0 mg/L; reaction time: ≤ 3 h) basically. Results showed that the oxidation capacity of H2O2 against Pseudanabaena galeata was enhanced under sunlight. The results will help drinking water utilities to better understand the risk of Pseudanabaena galeata lysis and 2-methylisoborneol release during raw water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangzhou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Justin Brookes
- Water Research Centre, The Environment Institute, School of Biological Science, The University of Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Peter Hobson
- SA Water Corporation, GPO Box 1751, SA, 5001, Australia.
| | - Haiyan Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan, 250061, China.
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Moldaenke C, Fang Y, Yang F, Dahlhaus A. Early warning method for cyanobacteria toxin, taste and odor problems by the evaluation of fluorescence signals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 667:681-690. [PMID: 30833266 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Permanganate and ozone are often used in drinking water treatment plants for the oxidation of taste and odor compounds, toxins, and algae as well as the reduction of mussel activity. The disadvantage of an overuse of such oxidants is the potential lysis of cyanobacterial cells. Cell lysis causes taste and odor components as well as toxins to be released into the water, which results in the need for even more treatment to remove these compounds completely. Our research in the CLIENT-SIGN project investigated an innovative method to monitor the lysis of cyanobacteria cells: increases in a specific fluorescence emission spectrum of the cyanobacteria pigment phycocyanin were used as a proxy for cell lysis and other compounds (taste/odor, toxins) leaving the cells. We call this form of phycocyanin "free phycocyanin" or "unbound phycocyanin". By monitoring free phycocyanin via a relatively fast and inexpensive measurement, water utilities will be better able to optimize the dosage of pre-oxidation compounds to remove extracellular compounds while preventing the lysing of cells. Laboratory studies and a case study at Yangcheng Lake (adjacent to Lake Taihu, Yangcheng Lake Water Treatment Plant, Suzhou Industrial Park, China) are presented herein. An online surveillance system that monitors incoming raw water and the water after pre-oxidation is proposed to better cope with changing water conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Moldaenke
- bbe Moldaenke GmbH, Preetzer Chaussee 177, 24222 Schwentinental, Germany.
| | - Y Fang
- Suzhou Industrial Park Qingyuan Huayan Hong Kong & China Water Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - F Yang
- Suzhou Industrial Park Qingyuan Huayan Hong Kong & China Water Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - A Dahlhaus
- bbe Moldaenke GmbH, Preetzer Chaussee 177, 24222 Schwentinental, Germany
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Ma M, Wang M, Cao X, Li Y, Gu J. Yield of trihalomethane, haloacetic acid and chloral upon chlorinating algae after coagulation-filtration: Is pre-oxidation necessarily negative for disinfection by-product control? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 364:762-769. [PMID: 30439669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Effect of pre-chlorination and pre-ozonation on Microcystis aeruginosa (MA) and Coccomyxa subellipsoidea (CS) as disinfection by-products (DBPs) precursors was investigated after coagulation-filtration. Pre-chlorination considerably decreased the autofluorescence of algae cells but barely influenced cell granularity. In comparison, after pre-ozonation more algae cells were associated with decreased cell size; yet less reduction in the autofluorescence was observed. In MA case, pre-chlorination increased the residual algae density after coagulation-filtration by 132%-146% while pre-ozonation enhanced the algae removal by 26%-28%. In CS case, algae removal was improved by pre-chlorination (32%-45%) and pre-ozonation (7%-45%). Pre-chlorination enhanced the removal of algogenic organic matters (AOM) by coagulation-filtration, especially for tryptophan-like and soluble microbial products. Effect of pre-ozonation on the fluorescence intensity of AOM after coauglation-filtration depended on AOM species and the ratio of [ozone dose]:[algae density]. In both MA and CS cases, chlorine increased the yields of trihalomethane (THM, 25%-78% and 51%-103%), haloacetic acid (HAA, 140%-360% and 167%-233%) and chloral (50%-161% and 68%-108%), respectively. Pre-ozonation decreased the total DBPs yields. For MA-added suspensions, ozone decreased the production of THM, HAA and chloral by 15%-37%, 28%-39% and 60%, respectively. In CS case, chloral yield was decreased by 12%-31% while THM formation was largely unchanged. HAA production varied by ± 1.5 μg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ma
- Technology Institute of Beijing Waterworks Group Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100012, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Drinking Water Quality, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Technology Institute of Beijing Waterworks Group Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100012, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Drinking Water Quality, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xinkai Cao
- Technology Institute of Beijing Waterworks Group Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100012, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Drinking Water Quality, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yuxian Li
- Technology Institute of Beijing Waterworks Group Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100012, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Drinking Water Quality, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Junnong Gu
- Technology Institute of Beijing Waterworks Group Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100012, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Drinking Water Quality, Beijing, 100012, China
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Jin Y, Zhang S, Xu H, Ma C, Sun J, Li H, Pei H. Application of N-TiO 2 for visible-light photocatalytic degradation of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii - More difficult than that for photodegradation of Microcystis aeruginosa ? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:642-650. [PMID: 30481678 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (C. raciborskii) and the metabolites produced, such as cylindrospermopsin (CYN), pose a serious threat to the ecosystem. Advanced oxidation technologies have been verified as constituting a very promising means to eliminate the risk from harmful algae. But so far little research has focused on the visible-light photocatalytic destruction of C. raciborskii cells and the degradation of their metabolites. In our study, N-doped TiO2 (N-TiO2) was used to degrade C. raciborskii and the degradation was compared with that of the Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa). Results showed that although the photodegradation of C. raciborskii was more difficult than that of M. aeruginosa, the treatment with N-TiO2 was still satisfactory. After adding 200 mg/L N-TiO2, C. raciborskii cells (5 × 106 cells/mL) were completely destroyed within 20 h under visible light irradiation, and nearly 90% of the organic matter and CYN in the suspensions were also degraded, thereby markedly improving the water quality. The photocatalytic process starts with damage to the cell membrane resulting in the leakage of internal components. Subsequently, the leaked metabolites were oxidised by the reactive oxidizing species produced by N-TiO2. Thus, the application of N-TiO2 is a promising method for the treatment of C. raciborskii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Hangzhou Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Chunxia Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jiongming Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Hongmin Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Haiyan Pei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Centre for Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan, 250061, China.
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Determining the effects of polyaluminum chloride alkalinities and dosage treatments on various microalgal growth phases for the treatment of microalgae-laden water. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Li L, Zhu C, Xie C, Shao C, Yu S, Zhao L, Gao N. Kinetics and mechanism of Pseudoanabaena cell inactivation, 2-MIB release and degradation under exposure of ozone, chlorine and permanganate. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 147:422-428. [PMID: 30342337 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The organic pollutants produced by cyanobacteria cells, such as off-flavor compounds (e.g. 2-methylisoborneol, 2-MIB) and hazardous toxins (e.g. microcystins), are commonly detected in water sources. Although studies have shown that oxidation using potassium permanganate (KMnO4), chlorine and ozone helps to remove cyanobacteria cells, the potential effects of these oxidants on cell viability and the release of off-flavor substances have scarcely been explored. This study investigated the impacts of three widely used oxidants on Pseudanabaena sp. (a common species of 2-MIB producing cyanobacteria) inactivation, and on the release and degradation of intracellular 2-MIB. Experiments using KMnO4 showed that both the cell viability and 2-MIB release fit to a two-stage second-order kinetic model with a threshold of KMnO4 exposure (ct). No significant variations in the cell viability and 2-MIB release occurred until the exposure reached ct because KMnO4 was primarily consumed by the dissolved and cell-bound organic matters before it damaged the cell. However, chlorine permeates the cell membrane more easily, causing rapid algae inactivation and the subsequent cell lysis and 2-MIB release. Unlike permanganate and chlorine, which are unable to degrade the released 2-MIB because of their insufficient oxidation potentials, ozone is capable to inactivate the cell and degrade 2-MIB as well. When the initial O3 concentration is above a certain level (1.0 mg ·L-1 in this study), the released 2-MIB can be substantially oxidized. Therefore, the choice of a suitable oxidant and a proper dose is highly important in the control of off-flavor compounds during the treatment of algae-containing raw water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Cuiwen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chuanqi Xie
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, United States
| | - Chen Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shuili Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Laicai Zhao
- Shenzhen Shenshui Baoan Water Group Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Naiyun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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Yang X, Zheng X, Wu L, Cao X, Li Y, Niu J, Meng F. Interactions between algal (AOM) and natural organic matter (NOM): Impacts on their photodegradation in surface waters. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:1185-1197. [PMID: 30114600 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of algae bloom would lead to the release of algae-derived organic matter (AOM) and then alter the abundance and behavior of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in aquatic ecosystems. In this study, the characteristics and photodegradation of AOM, naturally occurring organic matter (NOM) derived from soil and plants and their mixtures were explored to reveal the potential interactions between AOM and NOM in water. Results indicated that the protein-like components from AOM and the humic-like components from SRNOM took place inter-component interactions in the AOM-NOM mixtures. Meanwhile, application of two-dimensional Fourier transform infrared correlation spectroscopic (2D-FTIR-COS) analysis revealed that carboxylic C=O had a high priority to bind with other functional groups (e.g., phenolic-OH, polysaccharides C-O, amideⅡC-N/N-H and celluloses C-H). More crucially, it was found that the AOM-NOM mixtures subjected to a very different photodegradation behavior to their end-members (i.e., AOM and NOM), likely because of the occurrence of AOM-NOM interactions as well as their roles in mediating the yield of reactive oxygen species. For instance, the presence of AOM led to increased photodegradation degrees of the chromophoric fraction in NOM. In contrast, the NOM did not exhibit any photosensitization role in the photodegradation of the proteins from AOM. This study has potential implications for our understanding of the carbon cycling in anthropogenically impacted aquatic systems such as inland rivers and lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xing Zheng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Linjie Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Xin Cao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junfeng Niu
- Dongguan University of Technology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan, China
| | - Fangang Meng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Jin Y, Xu H, Ma C, Sun J, Li H, Zhang S, Pei H. Using photocatalyst powder to enhance the coagulation and sedimentation of cyanobacterial cells and enable the sludge to be self-purified under visible light. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 143:550-560. [PMID: 30007258 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Removing harmful cyanobacteria intact by coagulation can prevent cell lysis and toxin release, which provides many benefits for drinking water production, including reduction of the burden on subsequent processes and guaranteeing the water quality. But the electronegativity and buoyancy of cyanobacterial cells make them settle slowly and their accumulation and concentration in flocs would still have severe adverse effects. In this study, we introduced a photocatalyst powder to act as a ballasting agent in the coagulation process and to degrade the cells and cyanotoxins during sludge storage. Results showed that adding N-TiO2 would decrease the coagulant dose to half of the conventional value, and also allow Microcystis aeruginosa cells to completely settle within 10 min. During sludge storage, the algal cells, cyanotoxins and other organics in sludge would be degraded to safe levels after 32 h' visible-light irradiation. Meanwhile, the N-TiO2, water and some of the coagulant in purified sludge will be directly and safely reused. Thus, this is an environmentally friendly and cost-effective technology which incorporates photocatalyst in algal flocs to enhance coagulation and sedimentation and to enable the sludge produced to be self-purified under visible-light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Hangzhou Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Chunxia Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jiongming Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Hongmin Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Haiyan Pei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Centre for Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan, 250061, China.
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Zhang L, Lyu K, Wang N, Gu L, Sun Y, Zhu X, Wang J, Huang Y, Yang Z. Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Pathways Associated with Resisting and Degrading Microcystin in Ochromonas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:11102-11113. [PMID: 30176726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Toxic Microcystis bloom is a tough environment problem worldwide. Microcystin is highly toxic and is an easily accumulated secondary metabolite of toxic Microcystis that threatens water safety. Biodegradation of microcystin by protozoan grazing is a promising and efficient biological method, but the mechanism in this process is still unclear. The present study aimed to identify potential pathways involved in resisting and degrading microcystin in flagellates through transcriptomic analyses. A total of 999 unigenes were significantly differentially expressed between treatments with flagellates Ochromonas fed on microcystin-producing Microcystis and microcystin-free Microcystis. These dysregulated genes were strongly associated with translation, carbohydrate metabolism, phagosome, and energy metabolism. Upregulated genes encoding peroxiredoxin, serine/threonine-protein phosphatase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), HSP70, and O-GlcNAc transferase were involved in resisting microcystin. In addition, genes encoding cathepsin and GST and genes related to inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) were all upregulated, which highly probably linked with degrading microcystin in flagellates. The results of this study provided a better understanding of transcriptomic responses of flagellates to toxic Microcystis as well as highlighted a potential mechanism of biodegrading microcystin by flagellate Ochromonas, which served as a strong theoretical support for control of toxic microalgae by protozoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences , Nanjing Normal University , 1 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Kai Lyu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences , Nanjing Normal University , 1 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Na Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences , Nanjing Normal University , 1 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Lei Gu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences , Nanjing Normal University , 1 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Yunfei Sun
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences , Nanjing Normal University , 1 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Xuexia Zhu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences , Nanjing Normal University , 1 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Jun Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences , Nanjing Normal University , 1 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences , Nanjing Normal University , 1 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences , Nanjing Normal University , 1 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
- Department of Ecology, College of Life Science and Technology , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
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Lin L, Meng X, Li Q, Huang Z, Wang L, Lin K, Chen J, Crittenden J. Electrochemical oxidation of Microcystis aeruginosa using a Ti/RuO 2 anode: contributions of electrochemically generated chlorines and hydrogen peroxide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:27924-27934. [PMID: 30058039 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2830-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical oxidation was proposed as a promising technology for algal control in drinking water treatment. To be effective, the electrogenerated oxidants should have long half-lives and could continually inhibit the growth of algae. In this study, we used the electrochemical system equipped with a Ti/RuO2 anode which focus on generating long half-life chlorines and H2O2. We explored the impact of electrical field and electrogenerated oxidants on algal inhibition, and we investigated the production of electrogenerated reactive species and their contributions to the inhibition of Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) in simulated surface water with low Cl- concentrations (< 18 mg/L). We developed a kinetic model to simulates the concentrations of chlorines and H2O2. The results showed that electrical field and electrogenerated oxidants were both important contributors to algal inhibition during electrochemical oxidation treatment. The Ti/RuO2 anode mainly generates chlorines and H2O2 from Cl- and water. During the electrolysis at current density of 20 mA/cm2, when initial Cl- concentrations increased from 0 to 18 mg/L (0-5.07 × 10-4 mol/L), the chlorines increased from 0 to 3.62 × 10-6 mol/L, and the H2O2 concentration decreased from 3.68 × 10-6 to 1.15 × 10-6 mol/L. Our model made decent predictions of other Cl- concentrations by comparing with experiment data which validated the rationality of this modeling approach. The electrogenerated chlorine species were more effective than H2O2 at an initial Cl- concentration of 18 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, Hubei, China.
- Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, Hubei, China.
- Brook Byers Institute of Sustainable Systems, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
| | - Xiaoyang Meng
- Brook Byers Institute of Sustainable Systems, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Qingyun Li
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, Hubei, China
- Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, Hubei, China
| | - Zhuo Huang
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, Hubei, China
- Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, Hubei, China
| | - Linling Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Lin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, Hubei, China.
| | - John Crittenden
- Brook Byers Institute of Sustainable Systems, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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Chang CW, Huo X, Lin TF. Exposure of Microcystis aeruginosa to hydrogen peroxide and titanium dioxide under visible light conditions: Modeling the impact of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical on cell rupture and microcystin degradation. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 141:217-226. [PMID: 29793161 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study are to evaluate, under visible light conditions, the ability of H2O2 and TiO2 to produce OH, their quantitative impacts on the cell integrity of Microcystis, and the subsequent release and degradation of microcystins (MCs). A sequential reaction model was developed, including one sub-model to simulate the rupture kinetics for cell integrity of Microcystis, and another to describe the release and degradation of MCs. For cell rupture, the dual-oxidant Delayed Chick-Watson model (DCWM) and dual-oxidant Hom model (HM) were first proposed and developed, giving excellent simulation results of cell rupture kinetics. Kinetic rate constants between Microcystis cells and H2O2 [Formula: see text] as well as OH (k•OH, Cell) under visible light successfully separated the individual effects of H2O2 and OH on Microcystis. The dual-oxidant models were further validated with additional experiments, making the models more convincing. Finally, the dual-oxidant cell rupture models were integrated with the MC degradation model and well predicted the observed MCs concentrations in the experimental systems. The results of this study not only demonstrate the potential application of H2O2 and TiO2 for the control of cyanobacteria and metabolites in natural water bodies, but also provide a new methodology to differentiate the individual contributions of the two oxidants, H2O2 and OH, on cell rupture, thus giving a novel way to more precisely determine the effective doses of applied oxidants for cyanobacteria control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Wei Chang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Global Water Quality Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan
| | - Xiangchen Huo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Tsair-Fuh Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Global Water Quality Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan.
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Zhou S, Bu L, Shi Z, Deng L, Zhu S, Gao N. Electrochemical inactivation of Microcystis aeruginosa using BDD electrodes: Kinetic modeling of microcystins release and degradation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 346:73-81. [PMID: 29247956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical inactivation of cyanobacteria using boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode were comprehensively investigated in this study. The pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry, flow cytometry, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were used to characterize the photosynthetic capacity and cell integrity of Microcystis aeruginosa. Persulfate is in-situ generated and activated during the process and responsible for the inactivation of M. aeruginosa. The inactivation efficiency increases along with the increase of applied currents. Additionally, a kinetic model based on a sequence of two consecutive irreversible first-order processes was developed to simulate the release and degradation of microcystins (MCLR). The model was able to successfully predict the concentration of extracellular, intracellular and total MCLR under different applied currents and extended exposure time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Zhou
- Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States.
| | - Lingjun Bu
- Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China
| | - Zhou Shi
- Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China.
| | - Lin Deng
- Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Shumin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Naiyun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
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Dugan NR, Smith S, Sanan TT. The Impacts of Potassium Permanganate and Powdered Activated Carbon on Cyanotoxin Release. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 110:31-42. [PMID: 31073245 DOI: 10.1002/awwa.1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bench-scale trials were performed to: (1) Expose Microcystis aeruginosa cells to potassium permanganate doses of 1, 3 and 5 mg/L, at contact times of 15, 30 and 90 minutes, pH levels of 7 and 9, and turbidities of 0.1, 5 and 20 NTU; (2) Compare the impacts of oxidation alone and oxidation plus powdered activated carbon for the final 60 minutes of contact time and (3) evaluate the impact of these treatment conditions on extracellular microcystins, extra- plus intracellular (combined) microcystins, cell membrane integrity and chlorophyll-a concentrations. Toxin releases from the cells were observed at both pH levels. The greatest toxin releases were observed at the lowest KMnO4 doses. The toxin releases were accompanied by relatively stable total cell counts, increases in membrane compromised cells and decreases in chlorophyll-a. The application of 10 mg/L PAC resulted in extracellular toxin concentrations that were markedly lower than those observed in oxidant-only situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Dugan
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, 513-569-7239,
| | - Samantha Smith
- Pegasus Technical Services, 46 East Hollister Street, Cincinnati, OH 45219, 513-569-7681,
| | - Toby T Sanan
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, 513-569-7667,
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Zhang H, Dan Y, Adams CD, Shi H, Ma Y, Eichholz T. Effect of oxidant demand on the release and degradation of microcystin-LR from Microcystis aeruginosa during oxidation. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 181:562-568. [PMID: 28463731 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this research, the release and degradation of intracellular microcystin-LR (MC-LR) due to oxidation of Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) was examined kinetically. Brief exposure to free chlorine with no measureable oxidant exposure was demonstrated to be sufficient to induce rapid release of intracellular MC-LR from M. aeruginosa. Thus, in a water treatment plant, there is currently no level of prechlorination that can be assumed to be safe, since very low preoxidation prior to filtration and no measureable free chlorine residual may still observe the release and buildup of extracellular MC-LR. Higher chlorine dosages resulting in a measureable exposure or CT (concentration times contact time) cause more rapid release and oxidation of the intracellular toxins. Further, the rate of release of MC-LR with intermediate oxidant dosages were shown to be initially rapid, but then slowed to a lower release rate due to an as yet undetermined mechanism. While free chlorine was reactive with the extracellular MC-LR, the monochloramine resulting from the consumption of the free chlorine by ammonia was not. Consideration of the ammonia concentration and the chlorine dosage relative to the chlorination breakpoint dosages is important for utilities assessing the impact of prechlorination of water containing cyanobacteria. MC-LR, once released, was rapidly oxidized by permanganate resulting in only negligible buildup of extracellular toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiting Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Research in Energy and Environment, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, United States
| | - Yongbo Dan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Research in Energy and Environment, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, United States
| | - Craig D Adams
- Department of Civil Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, United States; Center for Single Nanoparticle, Single Cell, and Single Molecule Monitoring (CS(3)M), Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, United States.
| | - Honglan Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Research in Energy and Environment, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, United States; Center for Single Nanoparticle, Single Cell, and Single Molecule Monitoring (CS(3)M), Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, United States
| | - Yinfa Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Research in Energy and Environment, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, United States; Center for Single Nanoparticle, Single Cell, and Single Molecule Monitoring (CS(3)M), Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, United States
| | - Todd Eichholz
- Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Jefferson City, MO 65102, United States
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50
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Yin K, Li F, Wang Y, He Q, Deng Y, Chen S, Liu C. Oxidative transformation of artificial sweetener acesulfame by permanganate: Reaction kinetics, transformation products and pathways, and ecotoxicity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 330:52-60. [PMID: 28208093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Acesulfame has attracted much attention due to its wide application, environmental persistence and potential safety risk of transformation products (TPs). Little information is known on acesulfame transformation in the presence of oxidants/disinfectants. The acesulfame oxidation by permanganate (Mn(VII)) in water under environmentally relevant conditions was systematically evaluated. The pH of water showed negligible influence in acesulfame oxidation. Inorganic ligand (pyrophosphate) exhibited insignificant effect whereas organic ligands (oxalate, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, and humic acid) exerted obvious suppression on acesulfame oxidation. Natural organic matter in real water had important influence in acesulfame oxidation by Mn(VII). Acesulfame transformation pathways were initiated by the attack of Mn(VII) on double bond of ring via [3+2] addition electrocyclic reaction and rich electron of N moiety through electrophilic reaction, followed by oxidation and hydrolysis reactions to produce TPs. Among them, five TPs were for the first time identified. The ecotoxicity tests uncover higher toxicity of the TPs than acesulfame itself. The study on oxidative transformation of acesulfame by Mn(VII) would illumine comprehensive evaluation of this emerging contaminant. Water treatment plants need to consider cautiously to protect the safety of downstream system when using Mn(VII) to dispose the water resource containing acesulfame or other artificial sweeteners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- College of Finance and Statistics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Finance and Statistics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Qunying He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Yongxiu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Shuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Chengbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
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