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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom L(R, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Vleminckx C, Wallace H, Barregård L, Benford D, Dogliotti E, Francesconi K, Gómez Ruiz JÁ, Steinkellner H, Tauriainen T, Schwerdtle T. Risk assessment of small organoarsenic species in food. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8844. [PMID: 38957748 PMCID: PMC11217773 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a risk assessment on small organoarsenic species in food. For monomethylarsonic acid MMA(V), decreased body weight resulting from diarrhoea in rats was identified as the critical endpoint and a BMDL10 of 18.2 mg MMA(V)/kg body weight (bw) per day (equivalent to 9.7 mg As/kg bw per day) was calculated as a reference point (RP). For dimethylarsinic acid DMA(V), increased incidence in urinary bladder tumours in rats was identified as the critical endpoint. A BMDL10 of 1.1 mg DMA(V)/kg bw per day (equivalent to 0.6 mg As/kg bw per day) was calculated as an RP. For other small organoarsenic species, the toxicological data are insufficient to identify critical effects and RPs, and they could not be included in the risk assessment. For both MMA(V) and DMA(V), the toxicological database is incomplete and a margin of exposure (MOE) approach was applied for risk characterisation. The highest chronic dietary exposure to DMA(V) was estimated in 'Toddlers', with rice and fish meat as the main contributors across population groups. For MMA(V), the highest chronic dietary exposures were estimated for high consumers of fish meat and processed/preserved fish in 'Infants' and 'Elderly' age class, respectively. For MMA(V), an MOE of ≥ 500 was identified not to raise a health concern. For MMA(V), all MOEs were well above 500 for average and high consumers and thus do not raise a health concern. For DMA(V), an MOE of 10,000 was identified as of low health concern as it is genotoxic and carcinogenic, although the mechanisms of genotoxicity and its role in carcinogenicity of DMA(V) are not fully elucidated. For DMA(V), MOEs were below 10,000 in many cases across dietary surveys and age groups, in particular for some 95th percentile exposures. The Panel considers that this would raise a health concern.
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Walenta M, Raab A, Braeuer S, Steiner L, Borovička J, Goessler W. Arsenobetaine amide: a novel arsenic species detected in several mushroom species. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:1399-1405. [PMID: 38227015 PMCID: PMC10861392 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05132-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The total arsenic mass fraction as well as the arsenic speciation were studied in four different mushroom species with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, respectively. Arsenic mass fractions detected in the mushrooms were covering a range from 0.3 to 22 mg As kg-1 dry mass. For the arsenic speciation, species like arsenobetaine, inorganic arsenic, or dimethylarsinic acid were found, which are commonly detected in mushrooms, but it was also proven that the recently discovered novel compound homoarsenocholine is present in Amanita muscaria and Ramaria sanguinea. Moreover, a previously unidentified arsenic species was isolated from Ramaria sanguinea and identified as trimethylarsonioacetamide, or in short: arsenobetaine amide. This new arsenical was synthesized and verified by spiking experiments to be present in all investigated mushroom samples. Arsenobetaine amide could be an important intermediate to further elucidate the biotransformation pathways of arsenic in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Walenta
- Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Raab
- Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Simone Braeuer
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorenz Steiner
- Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Jan Borovička
- Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 269, 16500, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Hlavní 130, 25068, Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Walter Goessler
- Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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Li M, Chen Z, Xiong Q, Mu Y, Xie Y, Zhang M, Ma LQ, Xiang P. Refining health risk assessment of arsenic in wild edible boletus from typical high geochemical background areas: The role of As species, bioavailability, and enterotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:122148. [PMID: 37419204 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is easily accumulated in wild Boletus. However, the accurate health risks and adverse effects of As on humans were largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed the total concentration, bioavailability, and speciation of As in dried wild boletus from some typical high geochemical background areas using an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 model. The health risk assessment, enterotoxicity, and risk prevention strategy after consumption of As-contaminated wild Boletus were further investigated. The results showed that the average concentration of As was 3.41-95.87 mg/kg dw, being 1.29-56.3 folds of the Chinese food safety standard limit. DMA and MMA were the dominant chemical forms in raw and cooked boletus, while their total (3.76-281 mg/kg) and bioaccessible (0.69-153 mg/kg) concentrations decreased to 0.05-9.27 mg/kg and 0.01-2.38 mg/kg after cooking. The EDI value of total As was higher than the WHO/FAO limit value, while the bioaccessible or bioavailable EDI suggested no health risks. However, the intestinal extracts of raw wild boletus triggered cytotoxicity, inflammation, cell apoptosis, and DNA damage in Caco-2 cells, indicating existing health risk assessment models based on total, bioaccessible, or bioavailable As may be not accurate enough. Given that, the bioavailability, species, and cytotoxicity should be systematically considered in accurate risk assessment. In addition, cooking mitigated the enterotoxicity along with decreasing the total and bioavailable DMA and MMA in wild boletus, suggesting that cooking could be a simple and effective way to decrease the health risks of consumption of As-contaminated wild boletus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Li
- Yunnan Provincial Innovative Research Team of Environmental Pollution, Food Safety, and Human Health, Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qing Xiong
- Environmental Health Institute, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650022, China
| | - Yunzhen Mu
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yumei Xie
- Yunnan Provincial Innovative Research Team of Environmental Pollution, Food Safety, and Human Health, Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Mengyan Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Innovative Research Team of Environmental Pollution, Food Safety, and Human Health, Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Lena Q Ma
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ping Xiang
- Yunnan Provincial Innovative Research Team of Environmental Pollution, Food Safety, and Human Health, Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China.
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Iyer S, Kauffman D, Steinmaus C, Hoover S. Biomonitoring California Protocol for Following up on Elevated Levels of Urinary Arsenic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5269. [PMID: 37047885 PMCID: PMC10094481 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES to develop and implement a follow-up protocol for Biomonitoring California study participants with elevated levels of urinary arsenic, particularly inorganic forms. METHODS We selected 20 μg/L as the level of concern for urinary inorganic arsenic; samples with total arsenic ≥20 μg/L were speciated. Participants with elevated inorganic arsenic were notified of their level and invited to participate in a telephone survey to help determine possible exposure sources. We illustrate the protocol in four Biomonitoring California studies, which collected samples from 2010-2013 in locations across the state. RESULTS 48 participants in the four studies had elevated urinary inorganic arsenic levels. Consumption of rice and rice-based products was the most commonly identified potential source of inorganic arsenic exposure. CONCLUSIONS Of 48 participants with elevated inorganic arsenic, 27 would have been missed if we had used the previously published threshold of 50 µg/L total arsenic to identify urine samples for speciation. This protocol fills a gap in the clinical literature by providing a more health-protective approach to identify individuals with elevated urinary inorganic arsenic and help determine potentially significant exposure sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoba Iyer
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), Oakland, CA 94612, USA
- San Francisco Environment Department (SFE), San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Duyen Kauffman
- California Department of Public Health (CDPH), Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | - Craig Steinmaus
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), Oakland, CA 94612, USA
- Superfund Research Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sara Hoover
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), Oakland, CA 94612, USA
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Liu Y, Chen S, Li Q, Liu L. Changes in Arsenic Speciation in Wild Edible Fungi after Different Cooking Processes and Gastrointestinal Digestion. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020603. [PMID: 36677657 PMCID: PMC9865972 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is enriched in wild edible fungi, which is one of the main important sources of As in humans' diet. In this study, two wild edible fungi were employed for investigation: (1) Pleurotus citrinopileatusone, which contains a high content of inorganic As (iAs) and (2) Agaricus blazei Murill, which contains a high content of organic As. This study investigated the changes in As content and its speciation after different daily cooking methods. We found that the content of As in Pleurotus citrinipileatus and Agaricus blazei Murill reduced by soaking plus stir-frying by 55.4% and 72.9%, respectively. The As content in Pleurotus citrinipileatus and Agaricus blazei Murill decreased by 79.4% and 93.4%, respectively, after soaking plus boiling. The content of As speciation in dried wild edible fungi reduced significantly after different treatments. Among them, iAs decreased by 31.9~88.3%, and organic As decreased by 33.3~95.3%. This study also investigated the bioaccessibility of As in edible fungi after different cooking processes via an in-vitro physiologically based extraction test (PBET). The results showed that the bioaccessibility of As was relatively high if the edible fungi were uncooked, boiled, or stir-fried. The gastric (G) bioaccessibility of As ranged from 51.7% to 93.0% and the gastrointestinal (GI) bioaccessibility of As ranged from 63.5% to 98.1%. Meanwhile, the bioaccessibility of inorganic As was found to be as high as 94.6% to 151%, which indicates that further evaluation of the potential health risks of wild edible fungi is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shaozhan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Qianyu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Correspondence:
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Chen S, Liu L. Species composition and health risk assessment of arsenic in Agaricus blazei Murrill and Tricholoma matsutake from Yunnan Province, China. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.105001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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7
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Lv X, Li S, Yang Q, Zhang S, Su J, Cheng SB, Lai Y, Chen J, Zhan J. Robust, reliable and quantitative sensing of aqueous arsenic species by Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: The crucial role of surface silver ions for good analytical practice. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 281:121600. [PMID: 35816865 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic speciation analysis is important for pollution and health risk assessment. Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) is supposed to be a promising detection technology for arsenic species owing to the unique fingerprints. However, further application of SERS is hampered by its poor repeatability. Herein, the role of surface silver ions on colloidal Ag was revealed in SERS analysis of arsenic species. Arsenic species were adsorbed on Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) driven by surface silver ions and were simultaneously sensed by the SERS "hot spots" generated from the aggregation of Ag NPs. So, the inconsistent SERS activities of Ag NPs synthesized from different batches can be significantly improved by modifying external silver ions onto Ag NPs (AgNPs@Ag+), Specific binding affinity of surface silver ions to arsenic species generated higher sensitivity (detection limit, 4.0 × 10-11 mol L-1 for arsenite, 8.0 × 10-11 mol L-1 for arsenate), wider linear range, faster response, cleaner spectra background and better reproducibility. Batch-to-batch reproducibility was significantly improved with a variation below 3.1%. The method was also demonstrated with drinking and environmental water with adequate recovery and high interference resistance. Our findings displayed good analytical practice of the surface silver ions derived SERS method and its great potential in the rapid detection of hazardous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shaoying Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jie Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shi-Bo Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yongchao Lai
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Jinhua Zhan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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Dong O, Powers M, Liu Z, Yoshinaga M. Arsenic Metabolism, Toxicity and Accumulation in the White Button Mushroom Agaricus bisporus. TOXICS 2022; 10:554. [PMID: 36287835 PMCID: PMC9609160 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10100554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mushrooms have unique properties in arsenic metabolism. In many commercial and wild-grown mushrooms, arsenobetaine (AsB), a non-toxic arsenical, was found as the dominant arsenic species. The AsB biosynthesis remains unknown, so we designed experiments to study conditions for AsB formation in the white button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus. The mushrooms were treated with various arsenic species including arsenite (As(III)), arsenate (As(V)), methylarsenate (MAs(V)), dimethylarsenate (DMAs(V)) and trimethylarsine oxide (TMAsO), and their accumulation and metabolism were determined using inductively coupled mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) and high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with ICP-MS (HPLC-ICP-MS), respectively. Our results showed that mycelia have a higher accumulation for inorganic arsenicals while fruiting bodies showed higher accumulation for methylated arsenic species. Two major arsenic metabolites were produced in fruiting bodies: DMAs(V) and AsB. Among tested arsenicals, only MAs(V) was methylated to DMAs(V). Surprisingly, AsB was only detected as the major arsenic product when TMAsO was supplied. Additionally, AsB was only detected in the fruiting body, but not mycelium, suggesting that methylated products were transported to the fruiting body for arsenobetaine formation. Overall, our results support that methylation and AsB formation are two connected pathways where trimethylated arsenic is the optimal precursor for AsB formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Dong
- Rochester Adams High School, Rochester, MI 48306, USA
| | - Michael Powers
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Zijuan Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Masafumi Yoshinaga
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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Borovička J, Braeuer S, Walenta M, Hršelová H, Leonhardt T, Sácký J, Kaňa A, Goessler W. A new mushroom hyperaccumulator: Cadmium and arsenic in the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Thelephora penicillata. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 826:154227. [PMID: 35240185 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fruit-bodies of six Thelephora species (Fungi, Basidiomycota, Thelephoraceae) were analyzed for their trace element concentrations. In Thelephora penicillata, extremely high concentrations of Cd and As were found, followed by highly elevated concentrations of Cu and Zn. The highest accumulation ability was found for Cd with a mean concentration of 1.17 ± 0.37 g kg-1 (dry mass) in fruit-bodies collected from 20 unpolluted sites; the mean As concentration was 0.878 ± 0.242 g kg-1. Furthermore, striking accumulation of Se (923 ± 28 mg kg-1) was found in one sample of T. vialis and elevated concentrations of S were detected in T. palmata (19.6 ± 5.9 g kg-1). The analyzed Thelephora species were sequenced and, based on the Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analysis (ITS rDNA) of the genus, possible other Thelephora (hyper)accumulators were predicted on the basis of their phylogenetic relationship with the discovered (hyper)accumulators. The striking ability of T. penicillata to accumulate simultaneously Cd, As, Cu, and Zn has no parallel in the Fungal Kingdom and raises the question of a biological importance of metal(loid) hyperaccumulation in mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Borovička
- Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 269, 16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Hlavní 130, 25068 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic.
| | - Simone Braeuer
- University of Graz, Institute of Chemistry, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Walenta
- University of Graz, Institute of Chemistry, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Hana Hršelová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Leonhardt
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Sácký
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Kaňa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Walter Goessler
- University of Graz, Institute of Chemistry, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Hackethal C, Kopp JF, Sarvan I, Schwerdtle T, Lindtner O. Total arsenic and water-soluble arsenic species in foods of the first German total diet study (BfR MEAL Study). Food Chem 2021; 346:128913. [PMID: 33418406 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic can occur in foods as inorganic and organic forms. Inorganic arsenic is more toxic than most water-soluble organic arsenic compounds such as arsenobetaine, which is presumed to be harmless for humans. Within the first German total diet study, total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, arsenobetaine, dimethylarsinic acid and monomethylarsonic acid were analyzed in various foods. Highest levels of total arsenic were found in fish, fish products and seafood (mean: 1.43 mg kg-1; n = 39; min-max: 0.01-6.15 mg kg-1), with arsenobetaine confirmed as the predominant arsenic species (1.233 mg kg-1; n = 39; min-max: 0.01-6.23 mg kg-1). In contrast, inorganic arsenic was determined as prevalent arsenic species in terrestrial foods (0.02 mg kg-1; n = 38; min-max: 0-0.11 mg kg-1). However, the toxicity of arsenic species varies and measurements are necessary to gain information about the composition and changes of arsenic species in foods due to household processing of foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Hackethal
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science (IEW), University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Johannes F Kopp
- Institute of Nutritional Science (IEW), University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Irmela Sarvan
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science (IEW), University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Oliver Lindtner
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
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Tsuji JS, Lennox KP, Watson HN, Chang ET. Essential concepts for interpreting the dose-response of low-level arsenic exposure in epidemiological studies. Toxicology 2021; 457:152801. [PMID: 33905760 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Scientifically robust selections of epidemiological studies and assessments of the dose-response of inorganic arsenic in the low-dose range must consider key issues specific to arsenic in order to reduce risk of bias. The abundance of toxicological, mechanistic, and epidemiological evidence on arsenic enables a nuanced assessment of risk of bias in epidemiological studies of low-level arsenic, as opposed to a generic evaluation based only on standard principles. Important concepts in this context include 1) arsenic metabolism and mode of action for toxicity and carcinogenicity; 2) effects of confounding factors such as diet, health status including nutritional deficiencies, use of tobacco and other substances, and body composition; 3) strengths and limitations of various metrics for assessing relevant exposures consistent with the mode of action; and 4) the potential for bias in the positive direction for the observed dose-response relationship as exposure increases in the low-dose range. As an example, evaluation of a recent dose-response modeling using eight epidemiological studies of inorganic arsenic and bladder cancer demonstrated that the pooled risk estimate was markedly affected by the single study that was ranked as having a high risk of bias, based on the above factors. The other seven studies were also affected by these factors to varying, albeit lesser, degrees that can influence the apparent dose-response in the low-dose range (i.e., drinking water concentration of 65 µg/L or dose of approximately ≤1 µg/kg-day). These issues are relevant considerations for assessing health risks of oral exposures to inorganic arsenic in the U.S. population, and setting evidence-based regulatory limits to protect human health.
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12
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Braeuer S, Borovička J, Glabonjat RA, Steiner L, Goessler W. Arsenocholine-O-sulfate: A novel compound as major arsenic species in the parasitic mushroom Tolypocladium ophioglossoides. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 265:128886. [PMID: 33228987 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The As concentrations, along with 34 other elements, and the As speciation were investigated in wild-grown samples of the parasitic mushroom Tolypocladium ophioglossoides with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) and high performance liquid chromatography coupled to ICPMS. The As concentrations were 0.070-3.44 mg kg-1 dry mass. More remarkable was the As speciation, where up to 56% of the extracted As were found to be an unknown As species, which was marginally retained under anion- and also cation-exchange conditions. After testing several different chromatographic settings, the compound was finally isolated and identified as 2-(sulfoxyethyl) trimethylarsonium ion (in short: arsenocholine-O-sulfate) with high resolution mass spectrometry. The compound was synthesized and further quantified in all investigated samples via ion-pair chromatography coupled to ICPMS. In addition to the high abundance of arsenocholine-O-sulfate in T. ophioglossoides, small amounts of this As species were also detected in one sample of the host mushroom, Elaphomyces asperulus. In a sample of another parasitic mushroom, Ophiocordyceps sinensis, arsenocholine-O-sulfate could not be detected, but the main species was another unknown compound that was oxidized to inorganic As(V) with hydrogen peroxide. This is the first discovery of arsenocholine-O-sulfate in nature. It is possible that it is present in many other organisms, at least in low concentrations, and just has not been detected there yet because of its unusual chromatographic behavior. The existence of arsenocholine-O-sulfate brings up questions again about the biotransformation pathways of As in the environment and the specific behavior of fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Braeuer
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Jan Borovička
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Hlavní 130, 25068, Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic; Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 269, 16500, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ronald A Glabonjat
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Lorenz Steiner
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Walter Goessler
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010, Graz, Austria
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Zou H, Zhou C, Li Y, Yang X, Wen J, Song S, Li C, Sun C. Speciation analysis of arsenic in edible mushrooms by high-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2020; 327:127033. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Braeuer S, Borovička J, Kameník J, Prall E, Stijve T, Goessler W. Is arsenic responsible for the toxicity of the hyperaccumulating mushroom Sarcosphaera coronaria? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 736:139524. [PMID: 32474274 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Violet Crown Cup, Sarcosphaera coronaria, is a rather inconspicuous mushroom, but with an interesting and unresolved mystery. In earlier days, the mushroom was considered edible, but several poisonings were reported in the early 20th century. The reason for the seemingly sporadic toxicity of S. coronaria is still unknown. One possible explanation is arsenic, since Crown Cups can take up high amounts of this element. We investigated the arsenic concentration and arsenic speciation in S. coronaria with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) and HPLC coupled to ICPMS and found up to incredible 0.9% As (dry mass). Most of it was present as methylarsonic acid (MA), a less toxic form of this element. However, low concentrations of the highly toxic methylarsonous acid [MA (III)] were also detected. The amounts were too low to pose an acute risk for consumers, but the concentration of MA (III) significantly increased during simulated gastric digestion. We could not unambiguously identify arsenic as the toxic constituent of S. coronaria, but we demonstrated that the extremely toxic MA (III) can be formed under certain circumstances, which should be carefully investigated in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Braeuer
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jan Borovička
- Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 269, 16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Hlavní 130, 25068 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kameník
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Hlavní 130, 25068 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Elisa Prall
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Walter Goessler
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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15
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Button M, Koch I, Watts MJ, Reimer KJ. Arsenic speciation in the bracket fungus Fomitopsis betulina from contaminated and pristine sites. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:2723-2732. [PMID: 31897873 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00506-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Uptake, distribution and speciation of arsenic (As) were determined in the bracket fungus Fomitopsis betulina (previously Piptoporus betulinus), commonly known as the birch polypore, collected from a woodland adjacent to a highly contaminated former mine in the Southwest UK and at an uncontaminated site in Quebec, Canada, with no past or present mining activity. The fruiting body was divided into cap, centre and pores representing the top, middle and underside to identify trends in the distribution and transformation of As. Total As, determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), was approximately tenfold higher in the mushroom from the contaminated compared to the uncontaminated site. Overall, accumulation of As was low relative to values reported for some soil-dwelling species, with maximum levels of 1.6 mg/kg at the contaminated site. Arsenic speciation was performed on aqueous extracts via both anion and cation high-performance liquid chromatography-ICP-MS (HPLC-ICP-MS) and on whole dried samples using X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) analysis. Seven As species were detected in F. betulina from the contaminated site by HPLC-ICP-MS: arsenite (AsIII), arsenate (AsV), dimethylarsinate (DMAV), methylarsonate (MAV), trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO), tetramethylarsonium ion (Tetra) and trace levels of arsenobetaine (AB). The same As species were observed at the uncontaminated site with the exception of TMAO and Tetra. Arsenic species were localized throughout the fruiting body at the contaminated site, with the cap and pores containing a majority of AsV, only the cap containing TMAO, and the pores containing higher concentrations of DMAV and MAV as well as tetra and a trace of AB. XANES analysis demonstrated that the predominant form of As at the contaminated site was inorganic AsIII coordinated with sulphur or oxygen and AsV coordinated with oxygen. This is the first account of arsenic speciation in F. betulina or any fungi of the family Fomitopsidaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Button
- Fipke Laboratory for Trace Element Research, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | - Iris Koch
- Environmental Sciences Group, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, K7K 7B4, Canada
| | - Michael J Watts
- Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK
| | - Kenneth J Reimer
- Environmental Sciences Group, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, K7K 7B4, Canada
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16
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Arsenic speciation in cooked food and its bioaccessible fraction using X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Food Chem 2020; 336:127587. [PMID: 32777657 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Thermal processing or the digestion process can alter the forms of arsenic (As) present in food. Identification of As species is necessary to accurately determine the risk associated with food consumption. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) was used to investigate As species in rice, asparagus, and garlic boiled in water containing As(V), and in their bioaccessible fractions (solubilized As after gastrointestinal digestion). The XANES analysis revealed the presence of As(III) (11871.5 eV) or As(III)-S [As(III)-Cys, 11869.6 eV] solution in the cooked foods and in their bioaccessible fractions. The percentage of trivalent species (12-55%) followed the order asparagus ≫ rice ≈ garlic. In the asparagus and garlic samples, part of the As(V) (tetrahedral form) [11875 eV] that had been added appeared in the form of an octahedral As(V) compound [As(V)-glycerol, 11876 eV]. All these changes could considerably modify the risk associated with ingestion of As-contaminated food.
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Zhang J, Barałkiewicz D, Wang Y, Falandysz J, Cai C. Arsenic and arsenic speciation in mushrooms from China: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 246:125685. [PMID: 31887488 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a natural environmental contaminant to which humans are usually exposed in water, air, soil, and food. China is a typical high-As region, and also a great contributor of the world production of cultivated edible mushrooms and a region abundant in wild growing edible mushrooms. Mushrooms can accumulate different amounts of As and different As compounds, so potential health risk of As intake may exist to people who use mushrooms with elevated As contents as food or medicine. A systematic literature search was carried out for studies on As and As compounds in mushrooms from China. We compiled existing data from published sources in English or Chinese and provide an updated review of the findings on As in mushrooms associated with environments and health risks. Future perspectives for studies on As in mushrooms have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China; Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China; Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Danuta Barałkiewicz
- Department of Trace Element Analysis by Spectroscopy Method, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China; Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland; Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia.
| | - Chuantao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China; Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China.
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18
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Wang J, Ding L, Zhou J, Ma H, Wu Y, Wang J, Lv X, Liu S, Wang H, Yan Y, Luo N, Li Q, Xu H, Di L, Wu Q, Duan J. Target lipidomics approach to reveal the resolution of inflammation induced by Chinese medicine combination in Liu-Shen-Wan against realgar overexposure to rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 249:112171. [PMID: 31442622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Liu-Shen-Wan (LSW) is one of the popular over-the-counter drugs in Asia, which contains realgar (As4S4), used for the treatment of upper respiratory tract inflammation and skin infections. However, the safety and potential risk of this arsenic remain unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to determine total arsenic in tissue and investigate effects of regular dose and overdose LSW exposure on rat liver. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used a target lipidomics approach to quantify inflammatory eicosanoids and employed ICP-MS to determine total arsenic in tissue. RESULTS The results showed that oral administration of 8 and 40 mg/kg LSW (1 and 5 fold human-equivalent dose) induced light changes of liver lipidomic profile in rats, which was associated with anti-inflammatory function of LSW. In our recent report, we observed that 41 and 134 mg/kg realgar (40 and 132 fold human-equivalent dose) stimulated rat liver inflammation through up-regulation of pro-inflammatory LOX-derived, CYP-derived HETEs and COX-derived PGs. However, we found that LSW in the form of drug combination, containing 41 and 134 mg/kg realger, could not stimulate these similar inflammatory responses in rats, although the liver total arsenic levels of the realger and LSW groups were same. CONCLUSION The downregulation of pro-inflammatory response showed that the LSW containing realger is safer than realger alone administrated to rats. These results suggested that Chinese medicines combination could reduce realgar-derived arsenic toxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of TCM, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Lanfang Ding
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jing Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of TCM, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Hongyue Ma
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of TCM, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of TCM, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of TCM, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiang Lv
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of TCM, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengjin Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of TCM, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hengbin Wang
- Leiyunshang Pharmaceutical Company. Ltd, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yanqing Yan
- Leiyunshang Pharmaceutical Company. Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Niancui Luo
- Leiyunshang Pharmaceutical Company. Ltd, Suzhou, China.
| | - Quan Li
- Leiyunshang Pharmaceutical Company. Ltd, Suzhou, China.
| | - Huiqin Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of TCM, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Liuqing Di
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of Highly Efficient Drug Delivery System (DDS), Nanjing, China.
| | - Qinan Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of TCM, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of TCM, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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19
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Recent developments in determination and speciation of arsenic in environmental and biological samples by atomic spectrometry. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Borovička J, Konvalinková T, Žigová A, Ďurišová J, Gryndler M, Hršelová H, Kameník J, Leonhardt T, Sácký J. Disentangling the factors of contrasting silver and copper accumulation in sporocarps of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Amanita strobiliformis from two sites. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 694:133679. [PMID: 31400682 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Amanita strobiliformis (European Pine Cone Lepidella) is an ectomycorrhizal fungus of the Amanitaceae family known to hyperaccumulate Ag in the sporocarps. Two populations (ecotypes) of A. strobiliformis collected from two urban forest plantations in Prague, Czech Republic, were investigated. The concentrations of Ag, Cu, Cd, and Zn were determined in the mushrooms. The metal mobility and fractionation in the soils was investigated by single extractions and sequential extraction. The soil distribution of A. strobiliformis mycelium was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The metal uptake from the soil into the mushroom sporocarps was traced by Pb isotopic fingerprinting. The findings suggested that A. strobiliformis (i) accumulates primarily Ag from the topsoil layer (circa 12cm deep) and (ii) accumulates Ag associated with the "reducible soil fraction". The concentrations of all metals, particularly Ag and Cu, were significantly higher in the A. strobiliformis sporocarps from one of the investigated sites (Klíčov). The elevated concentrations of Ag in the sporocarps from Klíčov can possibly be attributed to the higher Ag content in the topsoil layer found at this site. However, the simultaneously elevated concentrations of Cu in A. strobiliformis from Klíčov cannot be explained by the differences in the geochemical background and should be attributed to biological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Borovička
- Institute of Geology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 269, 16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Nuclear Physics Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Hlavní 130, 25068 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic.
| | - Tereza Konvalinková
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Žigová
- Institute of Geology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 269, 16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Ďurišová
- Institute of Geology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 269, 16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Gryndler
- Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, České mládeže 8, 400 96 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hršelová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kameník
- Nuclear Physics Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Hlavní 130, 25068 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Leonhardt
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Sácký
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
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Komorowicz I, Hanć A, Lorenc W, Barałkiewicz D, Falandysz J, Wang Y. Arsenic speciation in mushrooms using dimensional chromatography coupled to ICP-MS detector. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 233:223-233. [PMID: 31176123 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study concerns total arsenic (TAs) and arsenic species determination in three species of mushrooms collected in Yunnan, China. The purpose of this study was to check concentration level of arsenic in Boletus edulis, Tricholoma matsutake and Suillellus luridus, estimate arsenic bioaccessibility and find out which arsenic species occur in mushrooms to assess if they may pose a threat to human health. An analytical methodology based on ion chromatography (IC) hyphenated to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with dynamic reaction cell (DRC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with UV-Vis detection and ICP-DRC-MS detection. Ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE), microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and enzymatic assisted extraction (EAE) were applied. Quantification of As species in extracts was performed by IC/ICP-DRC-MS in the first dimension. Slightly better extraction efficiencies were obtained for MAE (from 75% to 90%) then for UAE. EAE was used for estimation of bioaccessibility by application of a modified BARGE bioaccessibility method (UBM) for in vitro studies. Bioaccessibility values were in the ranges of 73%-102%, 74%-115% and 18%-87% for step 1 (S1), for step 2 (S2) and for step 3 (S3) of EAE, respectively. Extracts obtained after EAE were subjected to SEC-UV-Vis/ICP-DRC-MS analysis as the second dimension. The main signal was obtained in the area of a molecular mass of ∼5 kDa for all mushroom extracts. Monitoring of an 50SO+ ion confirmed that this signal comes from As-protein. In sample of Boletus edulis additional signal occurred which is classified as unknown As-compound. Both signals require identification with another analytical technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Komorowicz
- Department of Trace Element Analysis by Spectroscopy Methods, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 89b Umultowska Street, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Anetta Hanć
- Department of Trace Element Analysis by Spectroscopy Methods, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 89b Umultowska Street, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Wiktor Lorenc
- Department of Trace Element Analysis by Spectroscopy Methods, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 89b Umultowska Street, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Danuta Barałkiewicz
- Department of Trace Element Analysis by Spectroscopy Methods, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 89b Umultowska Street, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University, 63 Wita Stwosza Str. 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, 130015, Cartagena, Colombia(1); Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China
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22
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Kroukamp EM, Godeto TW, Forbes PBC. Optimized extraction of inorganic arsenic species from a foliose lichen biomonitor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:29896-29907. [PMID: 31407267 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06073-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To assess the two most toxicologically relevant species of As, namely arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)), chromatographic separations often require two separate chromatographic columns to address the co-elution of arsenobetaine (AsB) with As(III). This issue is typically observed using conventional isocratic methods on anion exchange columns, increasing cost and analysis time. Here, we optimize the extraction of inorganic As from a lichen air biomonitor and develop an isocratic method for the chromatographic separation of five common As species on a PRP X-100 anion exchange column, resulting in the complete baseline separation of all species under study. This method was then applied to lichen biomonitors from an urban and rural site to demonstrate its use. In order of abundance, the various arsenic species in lichens from the urban site in South Africa were As(V) > As(III) > AsB > dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) > monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and As(V) > AsB > As(III) > DMA > MMA for the rural site, where MMA was present in extremely low, non-quantifiable concentrations in lichens from both sites. Total concentrations of As were higher in samples from the urban site (6.43 ± 0.25 μg/g) than in those from the rural site (1.87 ± 0.05 μg/g), with an overall extraction efficiency of 19% and 40%, respectively. The optimized method utilized relatively inexpensive solvents and is therefore low-cost and eco-friendly in comparison with conventional chromatographic techniques. This is the first study which addresses the optimized extraction and characterization of As species in a South African lichen biomonitor of air pollution. Graphical abstract .
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve M Kroukamp
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
- Spectrum Central Analytical Facility, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Road, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Taddese W Godeto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Road, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
- Laboratory Services Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, 125 Resources Road, Toronto, ON, M9P 3 V6, Canada
| | - Patricia B C Forbes
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.
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23
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Chiocchetti GM, Latorre T, Clemente MJ, Jadán-Piedra C, Devesa V, Vélez D. Toxic trace elements in dried mushrooms: Effects of cooking and gastrointestinal digestion on food safety. Food Chem 2019; 306:125478. [PMID: 31610326 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mushrooms can accumulate toxic trace elements. The objectives of the present study are to evaluate levels of mercury, cadmium, lead, and arsenic in dried mushrooms, to determine the effect of cooking on the contents of these elements, and to evaluate their bioaccessibility in the mushrooms ready for consumption. The results showed that Hg levels in Amanita ponderosa, Boletus edulis, Marasmius oreades, and Tricholoma georgii, as well as Cd levels in some samples of Amanita caesarea and T. georgii, exceeded the legislated limits. Cooking significantly reduced the levels of As (26-72%), whereas the reduction in levels of Hg, Cd, and Pb was much lower. However, the bioaccessibility of As (63-81%) was higher than the values obtained for the metals (<40%). Taking the effects of cooking and gastrointestinal digestion into account gives a more realistic estimate of the risk associated with the consumption of mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela M Chiocchetti
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Calle Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Latorre
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Calle Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Jesús Clemente
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Calle Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Jadán-Piedra
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Calle Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicenta Devesa
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Calle Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dinoraz Vélez
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Calle Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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Arsenic species in mushrooms, with a focus on analytical methods for their determination – A critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1073:1-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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25
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Tsuji JS, Chang ET, Gentry PR, Clewell HJ, Boffetta P, Cohen SM. Dose-response for assessing the cancer risk of inorganic arsenic in drinking water: the scientific basis for use of a threshold approach. Crit Rev Toxicol 2019; 49:36-84. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2019.1573804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellen T. Chang
- Exponent, Inc., Menlo Park, CA and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Paolo Boffetta
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel M. Cohen
- Havlik-Wall Professor of Oncology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology and the Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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26
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Borovička J, Braeuer S, Sácký J, Kameník J, Goessler W, Trubač J, Strnad L, Rohovec J, Leonhardt T, Kotrba P. Speciation analysis of elements accumulated in Cystoderma carcharias from clean and smelter-polluted sites. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 648:1570-1581. [PMID: 30340302 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Collections of Cystoderma carcharias sporocarps were sampled from clean and smelter-polluted sites and analyzed for Ag, As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Se, and Zn contents. Concentrations of all elements were significantly higher in samples from the smelter-polluted area. Except for As and Pb, all elements were effectively accumulated in the sporocarps at both clean and polluted sites. With the highest concentration of 604 mg Cd kg-1, C. carcharias can be considered as Cd hyperaccumulator. As revealed by HPLC-ICPQQQMS analysis, the As species in sporocarps from clean and polluted areas involved besides the major arsenobetaine a variety of known and unknown arsenicals; the occurrence of dimethylarsinoylacetate and trimethylarsoniopropionate is reported for the first time for gilled fungi (Agaricales). Size-exclusion chromatography of C. carcharias extracts supported by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and RP-HPLC data indicated that detoxification of intracellular Cd and Cu may largely rely on metallothioneins (MT) or MT-like peptides, not phytochelatins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Borovička
- Institute of Geology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 269, 16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Nuclear Physics Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Hlavní 130, 25068 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic.
| | - Simone Braeuer
- University of Graz, Institute of Chemistry, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jan Sácký
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kameník
- Nuclear Physics Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Hlavní 130, 25068 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Walter Goessler
- University of Graz, Institute of Chemistry, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jakub Trubač
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Albertov 6, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Strnad
- Laboratories of the Geological Institutes, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Rohovec
- Institute of Geology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 269, 16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Leonhardt
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kotrba
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
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Zou H, Zhou C, Li Y, Yang X, Wen J, Hu X, Sun C. Occurrence, toxicity, and speciation analysis of arsenic in edible mushrooms. Food Chem 2019; 281:269-284. [PMID: 30658757 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.12.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the strong concentration and biotransformation of arsenic, the influence of some edible mushrooms on human health has attracted widespread attention. The toxicity of arsenic greatly depends on its species, so the speciation analysis of arsenic is of critical importance. The aim of the present review is to highlight recent advances in arsenic speciation analysis in edible mushrooms. We summarized the contents and distribution of arsenic species in some edible mushrooms, the methods of sample preparation, and the techniques for their identification and quantification. Stability of the arsenic species during sample pretreatment and storage is also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimin Zou
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan 610047, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment of Sichuan, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaosong Yang
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan 610047, China
| | - Jun Wen
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan 610047, China
| | - Xiaoke Hu
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan 610047, China
| | - Chengjun Sun
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment of Sichuan, Chengdu 610041, China.
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28
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Li MY, Wang P, Wang JY, Chen XQ, Zhao D, Yin DX, Luo J, Juhasz AL, Li HB, Ma LQ. Arsenic Concentrations, Speciation, and Localization in 141 Cultivated Market Mushrooms: Implications for Arsenic Exposure to Humans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:503-511. [PMID: 30521329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mushrooms accumulate arsenic (As), yet As concentrations, speciation, and localization in cultivated mushrooms across a large geographic distribution are unknown. We characterized 141 samples of nine species from markets in nine capital cities in China, with samples of Lentinula edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Agaricus bisporus being analyzed for As speciation and localization. Total As concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 8.31 mg kg-1 dw, with A. bisporus (0.27-2.79 mg kg-1) containing the most As followed by P. ostreatus and L. edodes (0.04-8.31 and 0.12-2.58 mg kg-1). However, As in A. bisporus was mostly organic including nontoxic arsenobetaine, while P. ostreatus and L. edodes contained mainly inorganic As (iAs). On the basis of in situ imaging using LA-ICP-MS, As in L. edodes was localized to the surface coat of the cap, while As in P. ostreatus was localized to the junction of the pileus and stipe. When As speciation and daily mushroom consumption (1.37 g d-1 dw) are considered, daily mushroom consumption may result in elevated iAs exposure, with increased bladder and lung cancer rates up to 387 cases per 100000. Our study showed that market mushrooms could be a health risk to the general public so its production should be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Geographic Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Jue-Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Di Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Dai-Xia Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Albert L Juhasz
- Future Industries Institute , University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes , South Australia 5095 , Australia
| | - Hong-Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Lena Q Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
- Soil and Water Science Department , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
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29
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Zhou J, Ma H, Wu Y, Lv X, Wang J, Liu S, Li D, Wang H, Yan Y, Luo N, Li Q, Xu H, Zhang Q, Yu L, Guo H, Kuzmanov U, Di L, Wu Q, Duan J. Lipidomic profiling of subchronic As4S4exposure identifies inflammatory mediators as sensitive biomarkers in rats. Metallomics 2019; 11:576-585. [DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00181b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic sulfide compounds provide nearly all of the world's supply of arsenic.
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30
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Rabb SA, Le MD, Yu LL. A novel approach to converting alkylated arsenic to arsenic acid for accurate ICP-OES determination of total arsenic in candidate speciation standards. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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31
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Guo LX, Zhang GW, Li QQ, Xu XM, Wang JH. Novel Arsenic Markers for Discriminating Wild and Cultivated Cordyceps. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112804. [PMID: 30380635 PMCID: PMC6278644 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ophiocordyceps sinensis has been utilized in China and adjacent countries for thousands of years as a rare functional food to promote health and treat diverse chronic diseases. In recent years, adulterants are usually identified in the processed products of wild O. sinensis. However, the effective adulteration examination has to be additionally performed except their routine test, and accordingly is time- and money-consuming. Recently, arsenic determination has become a necessary test for confirming whether the concentrations of inorganic arsenic are over the O. sinensis limit. In this work, the contents of total arsenic and As species in cultivated O. sinensis, Cordyceps militaris, and other edible fungi were determined by ICP-MS and HPLC-ICP-MS. The results suggest that the As speciation exhibits a species-specific behavior, and accompanies the effect of the As background. The proportions of unknown organic As and contents of total As may be considered as sensitive markers for discriminating wild O. sinensis. This result provides a novel clue for discriminating wild and artificially cultivated mushrooms/their products, with emphasis on arsenic markers for authenticating wild O. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Xian Guo
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Gui-Wei Zhang
- Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Qing-Qing Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China.
| | - Jiang-Hai Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China.
- South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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32
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Braeuer S, Borovička J, Glasnov T, Guedes de la Cruz G, Jensen KB, Goessler W. Homoarsenocholine - A novel arsenic compound detected for the first time in nature. Talanta 2018; 188:107-110. [PMID: 30029352 PMCID: PMC6118324 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The arsenic speciation was determined in macrofungi of the Ramaria genus with HPLC coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Besides arsenic species that are already known for macrofungi, like arsenobetaine or arsenocholine, two compounds that were only known from marine samples so far (trimethylarsoniopropanate and dimethylarsinoylacetate) were found for the first time in a terrestrial sample. An unknown arsenical was isolated and identified as homoarsenocholine. This could be a key intermediate for further elucidation of the biotransformation mechanisms of arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Braeuer
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jan Borovička
- Nuclear Physics Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Hlavní 130, 25068 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic; Institute of Geology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 269, 16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Toma Glasnov
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Kenneth B Jensen
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Walter Goessler
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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33
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Braeuer S, Borovička J, Goessler W. A unique arsenic speciation profile in Elaphomyces spp. ("deer truffles")-trimethylarsine oxide and methylarsonous acid as significant arsenic compounds. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:2283-2290. [PMID: 29430602 PMCID: PMC5849658 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0903-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic and its species were investigated for the first time in nine collections of Elaphomyces spp. ("deer truffles") from the Czech Republic with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ICPMS. The total arsenic concentrations ranged from 12 to 42 mg kg-1 dry mass in samples of E. asperulus and from 120 to 660 mg kg-1 dry mass in E. granulatus and E. muricatus. These concentrations are remarkably high for terrestrial organisms and demonstrate the arsenic-accumulating ability of these fungi. The dominating arsenic species in all samples was methylarsonic acid which accounted for more than 30% of the extractable arsenic. Arsenobetaine, dimethylarsinic acid, and inorganic arsenic were present as well, but only at trace concentrations. Surprisingly, we found high amounts of trimethylarsine oxide in all samples (0.32-28% of the extractable arsenic). Even more remarkable was that all but two samples contained significant amounts of the highly toxic trivalent arsenic compound methylarsonous acid (0.08-0.73% of the extractable arsenic). This is the first report of the occurrence of trimethylarsine oxide and methylarsonous acid at significant concentrations in a terrestrial organism. Our findings point out that there is still a lot to be understood about the biotransformation pathways of arsenic in the terrestrial environment. Graphical abstract Trimethylarsine oxide and methylarsonous acid in "deer truffles".
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Braeuer
- Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry for Health and Environment, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Jan Borovička
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Nuclear Physics Institute, Hlavní 130, 25068, Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geology, Rozvojová 269, 16500, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Walter Goessler
- Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry for Health and Environment, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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Braeuer S, Goessler W, Kameník J, Konvalinková T, Žigová A, Borovička J. Arsenic hyperaccumulation and speciation in the edible ink stain bolete (Cyanoboletus pulverulentus). Food Chem 2018; 242:225-231. [PMID: 29037683 PMCID: PMC6118325 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The edible ink stain bolete (Cyanoboletus pulverulentus) was found to hyperaccumulate arsenic. We analyzed 39 individual collections determined as C. pulverulentus, mostly from the Czech Republic. According to our results, concentrations of arsenic in C. pulverulentus fruit-bodies may reach 1300mgkg-1 dry weight. In most collections, data for total and bioavailable arsenic in underlying soils were collected but no significant correlation between the soil arsenic content and arsenic concentrations in the associated fruit-bodies was found. Within the fruit-bodies, we found the majority of arsenic accumulated in the hymenium. Besides occasional traces of methylarsonic acid (MA), the arsenic speciation in all mushroom samples consisted solely of dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) and no inorganic arsenic was detected. Because of the carcinogenic potential of DMA, C. pulverulentus should not be recommended as an edible mushroom and its consumption should be restricted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Braeuer
- University of Graz, Institute of Chemistry, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Walter Goessler
- University of Graz, Institute of Chemistry, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jan Kameník
- Nuclear Physics Institute, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Hlavní 130, 25068 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Konvalinková
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Žigová
- Institute of Geology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 269, 16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Borovička
- Nuclear Physics Institute, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Hlavní 130, 25068 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic; Institute of Geology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 269, 16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Ma L, Wang L, Jia Y, Yang Z. Accumulation, translocation and conversion of six arsenic species in rice plants grown near a mine impacted city. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 183:44-52. [PMID: 28531558 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) as the staple food in China was found to be efficient in accumulating arsenic (As) due to cultivated in flooded paddy soil. Uptake and translocation of As in rice plant depended on the As species. In this work, rice plant samples including roots, straws and grains as well as rhizosphere soils were collected from paddy fields near Changsha, a mine impacted city in Southern China. The total As concentrations in the collected samples were observed in the descending order as root > soil > straw > grain. The predominant As species detected in rice plants were inorganic forms: arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)]. Except monomethylarsonate (MMA) and dimethylarsinate (DMA), other two organoarsenicals, arsenobetaine (AsB) and arsenocholine (AsC), were also detected in rice plants. DMA and AsB were mainly formed in rice roots with the assistance of microorganisms. MMA and AsC detected in straws might be derived from methylation and oxidation of As(III). The results of multiple linear regressions indicated that the straw As species were remarkable predictors of the corresponding grain As species. Demethylation or degradation of MMA, DMA and AsC were predicted when translocated from straw to grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Yuyu Jia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zhaoguang Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Center for Environment and Water Resources, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
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Abstract
Cortinarius coalescens Kärcher & Seibt is a rare European species of the subgenus Phlegmacium, section Phlegmacioides, neglected in recent molecular studies. New primers (CortF and CortR) designed for species in the section Phlegmacioides allowed to obtain ITS rDNA sequence data from the holotype collection of C. coalescens; according to the results, this epithet has priority over C. crassorum Rob. Henry ex Rob. Henry, C. pardinus Reumaux, and C. parargutus Bidaud, Moënne-Locc. & Reumaux. Morphological and ecological observations on recent collections of C. coalescens from the Czech Republic in comparison with the co-occurring C. largus are discussed. Nomenclatural and taxonomic comments on C. tomentosus Rob. Henry, C. balteatotomentosus Rob. Henry, and C. subtomentosus Reumaux are also provided. So far, C. coalescens is known with certainty from Germany, France, and the Czech Republic, where it grows in deciduous forests on acid to neutral soils. Arsenic and its compounds were determined in C. coalescens and related species of the section Phlegmacioides: C. largus, C. pseudodaulnoyae, and C. variecolor. Total arsenic concentrations were in the range 3.6-30.2 mg kg-1 (dry matter) and arsenobetaine was the major arsenic compound.
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Zheng L, Liu Z, Yan Z, Yi X, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zheng X, Zhu Y. Deriving water quality criteria for trivalent and pentavalent arsenic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 587-588:68-74. [PMID: 28249751 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a common trace element whose oxidation states mainly include four types (-3, 0, +3, and +5), and inorganic As(III) and As(V) are regarded as the most commonly existing forms in aqueous environments. Generally, As(III) has a higher toxicity than As(V) due to the different mechanisms in arsenic toxicity. However, there are few studies about the water quality criteria (WQC) of As(III) and As(V) respectively because of the deficiency of arsenic toxicity data coming from diverse taxonomic groups. In this research, eight native Chinese aquatic organisms were adopted to conduct toxicity tests for As(III) and As(V) to supplement the published toxicity data. The species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method on the basis of the Log-normal model which was the most optimal among eight models was applied to derive WQCs of As(III) and As(V). Results showed that crustaceans were the most sensitive to As(III) and As(V) among all tested species, thus they could be a biological indicator, and the influence of pH values on arsenic toxicity was complex and species-specific. Besides, the sensitivity differences between native and non-native species were observed. Finally, a criterion maximum concentration (CMC) of 167 and 384μg/L for As(III) and As(V), and a criterion continuous concentration (CCC) of 42 and 44μg/L for As(III) and As(V) were derived using native species, regardless of pH values. The WQCs were also verified by other two methods of ETX 2.0 and species sensitivity rank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhengtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Zhenguang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Xianliang Yi
- School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yahui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
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Falandysz J, Chudzińska M, Barałkiewicz D, Drewnowska M, Hanć A. Toxic elements and bio-metals in Cantharellus mushrooms from Poland and China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:11472-11482. [PMID: 28316048 PMCID: PMC5393068 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8554-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Data on multi-trace element composition and content relationships have been obtained for Cantharellus cibarius, C. tubaeformis, and C. minor mushrooms from Poland and China by inductive coupled plasma-dynamic reaction cell-mass spectroscopy. There is no previous data published on As, Li, V, Tl, and U in chanterelles from Poland and on Ba, Co, Cr, Ni, Rb, and Sr in chanterelles from China. The results implied a role of the soil background geochemistry at the collection site with the occurrence of Ag, As, Ba, Cr, Cs, Li, Mn, Pb, Rb, Sr, U, and V in the fruiting bodies. Both geogenic Cd and anthropogenic Cd can contribute in load of this element in chanterelles from the Świetokrzyskie Mts. region in Poland, while geogenic source can be highly dominant in the background areas of Yunnan. An essentiality of Cu and Zn and effort by mushroom to maintain their physiological regulation could be reflected by data for Cantharellus mushrooms from both regions of the world, but its geogenic source (and possibly anthropogenic) can matter also in the region of the Świetokrzyskie Mountains in Poland. The elements Co, Ni, and Tl were at the same order of magnitude in contents in C. cibarius in Poland and Yunnan, China. C. tubaeformis differed from C. cibarius by a lower content of correlated Co, Ni, and Zn. Soil which is polymetallic and highly weathered in Yunnan can be suggested as a natural geogenic source of greater concentrations of As, Ba, Cr, Li, Pb, Sr, U, and V in the chanterelles there while lower of Mn and Rb, when related to chanterelles in Poland. A difference in Cs content between the sites can be attributed as an effect of the 137Cs release from the Chernobyl accident, in which Poland was much more affected than Yunnan, where deposition was negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University, 63 Wita Stwosza Str, 80-308, Gdańsk, PL, Poland.
| | - Maria Chudzińska
- Department of Trace Element Analysis by Spectroscopy Method, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
- Rozany Strumien Base Station of Integrated Monitoring of Natural Environment, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, ul. Bogumiła Krygowskiego 10, 61-680, Poznań, Poland
| | - Danuta Barałkiewicz
- Department of Trace Element Analysis by Spectroscopy Method, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Drewnowska
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University, 63 Wita Stwosza Str, 80-308, Gdańsk, PL, Poland
| | - Anetta Hanć
- Department of Trace Element Analysis by Spectroscopy Method, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
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Cheyns K, Waegeneers N, Van de Wiele T, Ruttens A. Arsenic Release from Foodstuffs upon Food Preparation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:2443-2453. [PMID: 28252943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study the concentration of total arsenic (As) and arsenic species (inorganic As, arsenobetaine, dimethylarsinate, and methylarsonate) was monitored in different foodstuffs (rice, vegetables, algae, fish, crustacean, molluscs) before and after preparation using common kitchen practices. By measuring the water content of the foodstuff and by reporting arsenic concentrations on a dry weight base, we were able to distinguish between As release effects due to food preparation and As decrease due to changes in moisture content upon food preparation. Arsenic species were released to the broth during boiling, steaming, frying, or soaking of the food. Concentrations declined with maxima of 57% for total arsenic, 65% for inorganic As, and 32% for arsenobetaine. On the basis of a combination of our own results and literature data, we conclude that the extent of this release of arsenic species is species specific, with inorganic arsenic species being released most easily, followed by the small organic As species and the large organic As species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlien Cheyns
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (CODA-CERVA) , Leuvensesteenweg 17, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Nadia Waegeneers
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (CODA-CERVA) , Leuvensesteenweg 17, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University , Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ann Ruttens
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (CODA-CERVA) , Leuvensesteenweg 17, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium
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Taylor V, Goodale B, Raab A, Schwerdtle T, Reimer K, Conklin S, Karagas MR, Francesconi KA. Human exposure to organic arsenic species from seafood. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 580:266-282. [PMID: 28024743 PMCID: PMC5326596 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Seafood, including finfish, shellfish, and seaweed, is the largest contributor to arsenic (As) exposure in many human populations. In contrast to the predominance of inorganic As in water and many terrestrial foods, As in marine-derived foods is present primarily in the form of organic compounds. To date, human exposure and toxicological assessments have focused on inorganic As, while organic As has generally been considered to be non-toxic. However, the high concentrations of organic As in seafood, as well as the often complex As speciation, can lead to complications in assessing As exposure from diet. In this report, we evaluate the presence and distribution of organic As species in seafood, and combined with consumption data, address the current capabilities and needs for determining human exposure to these compounds. The analytical approaches and shortcomings for assessing these compounds are reviewed, with a focus on the best practices for characterization and quantitation. Metabolic pathways and toxicology of two important classes of organic arsenicals, arsenolipids and arsenosugars, are examined, as well as individual variability in absorption of these compounds. Although determining health outcomes or assessing a need for regulatory policies for organic As exposure is premature, the extensive consumption of seafood globally, along with the preliminary toxicological profiles of these compounds and their confounding effect on assessing exposure to inorganic As, suggests further investigations and process-level studies on organic As are needed to fill the current gaps in knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ken Reimer
- Royal Military College, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Cejpková J, Gryndler M, Hršelová H, Kotrba P, Řanda Z, Synková I, Borovička J. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals, metalloids, and chlorine in ectomycorrhizae from smelter-polluted area. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 218:176-185. [PMID: 27569718 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi contribute to the survival of host trees on metal-rich soils by reducing the transfer of toxic metals into roots. However, little is known about the ability of ECM fungi to accumulate elements in ectomycorrhizae (ECMs). Here we report Ag, As, Cd, Cl, Cu, Sb, V, and Zn contents in wild-grown Norway spruce ECMs collected in a smelter-polluted area at Lhota near Příbram, Czech Republic. The ECMs data were compared with the element concentrations determined in the corresponding non-mycorrhizal fine roots, soils, and soil extracts. Bioaccumulation factors were calculated to differentiate the element accumulation ability of ECMs inhabited by different mycobionts, which were identified by ITS rDNA sequencing. Among the target elements, the highest contents were observed for Ag, Cl, Cd, and Zn; Imleria badia ECMs showed the highest capability to accumulate these elements. ECMs of Amanita muscaria, but not of other species, accumulated V. The analysis of the proportions of I. badia and A. muscaria mycelia in ECMs by using species-specific quantitative real-time PCR revealed variable extent of the colonization of roots, with median values close to 5% (w/w). Calculated Ag, Cd, Zn and Cl concentrations in the mycelium of I. badia ECMs were 1 680, 1 510, 2 670, and 37,100 mg kg-1 dry weight, respectively, indicating substantial element accumulation capacity of hyphae of this species in ECMs. Our data strengthen the idea of an active role of ECM fungi in soil-fungal-plant interactions in polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslava Cejpková
- Nuclear Physic Institute, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Řež 130, CZ-25068 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic; Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Gryndler
- Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; Faculty of Sciences, J. E. Purkyně University, České mládeže 8, CZ-40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hršelová
- Institute of Microbiology, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kotrba
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, CZ-16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Řanda
- Nuclear Physic Institute, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Řež 130, CZ-25068 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Synková
- Nuclear Physic Institute, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Řež 130, CZ-25068 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic; Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Borovička
- Nuclear Physic Institute, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Řež 130, CZ-25068 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic; Institute of Geology, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Nearing MM, Koch I, Reimer KJ. Uptake and transformation of arsenic during the reproductive life stage of Agaricus bisporus and Agaricus campestris. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 49:140-149. [PMID: 28007169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fruiting bodies from the Agaricus genus have been found to contain non-toxic arsenobetaine (AB) as a major compound. It is unknown whether AB is formed during the vegetative or reproductive life stages of the fungus, or by the surrounding microbial community, but AB's structural similarity to glycine betaine has led to the hypothesis that AB may be adventitiously accumulated as an osmolyte. To investigate the potential formation of AB during the reproductive life stage of Agaricus species, growth substrate and fungi were collected during the commercial growth of Agaricus bisporus and analyzed for arsenic speciation using HPLC-ICP-MS. AB was found to be the major arsenic compound in the fungus at the earliest growth stage of fruiting (the primordium). The growth substrate mainly contained arsenate (As(V)). The distribution of arsenic in an A. bisporus primordium grown on As(V) treated substrate, and in a mature Agaricus campestris fruiting body collected from arsenic contaminated mine tailings, was mapped using two dimensional XAS imaging. The primordium and stalk of the mature fruiting body were both found to be growing around pockets of substrate material containing higher As concentrations, and AB was found exclusively in the fungal tissues. In the mature A. campestris the highest proportion of AB was found in the cap, supporting the AB as an osmolyte hypothesis. The results have allowed us to pinpoint the fungus life stage at which AB formation takes place, namely reproduction, which provides a direction for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Nearing
- Environmental Sciences Group, Royal Military College of Canada, P.O. Box 17000, Station Forces, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada.
| | - Iris Koch
- Environmental Sciences Group, Royal Military College of Canada, P.O. Box 17000, Station Forces, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada
| | - Kenneth J Reimer
- Environmental Sciences Group, Royal Military College of Canada, P.O. Box 17000, Station Forces, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada.
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Falandysz J, Rizal LM. Arsenic and its compounds in mushrooms: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2016; 34:217-232. [PMID: 27635858 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2016.1235935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to review the detail concentration of arsenic in some species of mushrooms as well as organic and inorganic forms of arsenic in the substrates where wild and cultivated edible mushrooms grow. We also briefly review the molecular forms of arsenic in mushrooms. There is still a lack of experimental data from the environment for a variety of species from different habitats and for different levels of geogenic arsenic in soil. This information will be useful for mushrooms consumers, nutritionists, and food regulatory agencies by describing ways to minimize arsenic content in edible mushrooms and arsenic intake from mushroom meals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- a Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University , Gdańsk , Poland
| | - Leela M Rizal
- b Phuntsholing Higher Secondary School , Phuntsholing, Chukha , Bhutan
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Seyfferth AL, McClatchy C, Paukett M. Arsenic, Lead, and Cadmium in U.S. Mushrooms and Substrate in Relation to Dietary Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:9661-70. [PMID: 27484977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Wild mushrooms can absorb high quantities of metal(loid)s, yet the concentration, speciation, and localization of As, Pb, and Cd in cultivated mushrooms, particularly in the United States, are unresolved. We collected 40 samples of 12 types of raw mushrooms from 2 geographic locations that produce the majority of marketable U.S. mushrooms and analyzed the total As, Pb, and Cd content, the speciation and localization of As in select samples, and assessed the metal sources and substrate-to-fruit transfer at one representative farm. Cremini mushrooms contained significantly higher total As concentrations than Shiitake and localized the As differently; while As in Cremini was distributed throughout the fruiting body, it was localized to the hymenophore region in Shiitake. Cd was significantly higher in Royal Trumpet than in White Button, Cremini, and Portobello, while no difference was observed in Pb levels among the mushrooms. Concentrations of As, Pb, and Cd were less than 1 μg g(-1) d.w. in all mushroom samples, and the overall risk of As, Cd, and Pb intake from mushroom consumption is low in the U.S. However, higher percentages of tolerable intake levels are observed when calculating risk based on single serving-sizes or when substrate contains elevated levels of metal(loid)s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelia L Seyfferth
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Colleen McClatchy
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Michelle Paukett
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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Chen S, Guo Q, Liu L. Determination of Arsenic Species in Edible Mushrooms by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0629-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mleczek M, Niedzielski P, Rzymski P, Siwulski M, Gąsecka M, Kozak L. Variations of arsenic species content in edible Boletus badius growing at polluted sites over four years. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2016; 51:469-476. [PMID: 27070346 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2016.1159459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The content of arsenic (As) in mushrooms can vary depending on the concentration level of this metalloid in the soil/substrate. The present study evaluated the content of arsenic in Boletus badius fruiting bodies collected from polluted and non-polluted sites in relation to the content of this element in overgrown substrate. It was found that mushrooms from the arsenic-polluted sites contained mean concentrations from 49 to 450 mg As kg(-1) dry matter (d.m.), with the greatest content found for specimens growing in close proximity of sludge deposits (490±20 mg As kg(-1)d.m.). The mean content of total arsenic in mushrooms from clean sites ranged from 0.03 to 0.37 mg kg(-1) It was found that B. badius could tolerate arsenic in soil substrate at concentrations of up to 2500 mg kg(-1), at least. In different years of investigation, shifts in particular arsenic forms, as well as a general increase in the accumulation of organic arsenic content, were observed. The results of this study clearly indicate that B. badius should not be collected for culinary purposes from any sites that may be affected by pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Mleczek
- a Department of Chemistry , Poznan University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland
| | | | - Piotr Rzymski
- c Department of Environmental Medicine , University of Medical Sciences , Poznan , Poland
| | - Marek Siwulski
- d Department of Vegetable Crops , Poznan University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland
| | - Monika Gąsecka
- a Department of Chemistry , Poznan University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland
| | - Lidia Kozak
- b Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań , Poznań , Poland
- e Department of Food , Nutrition and Food Contact Materials, Poviat Sanitary and Epidemiological Station , Poznan , Poland
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Nearing MM, Koch I, Reimer KJ. Uptake and transformation of arsenic during the vegetative life stage of terrestrial fungi. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 197:108-115. [PMID: 25521413 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Many species of terrestrial fungi produce fruiting bodies that contain high proportions of arsenobetaine (AB), an arsenic compound of no known toxicity. It is unknown whether fungi produce or accumulate AB from the surrounding environment. The present study targets the vegetative life stage (mycelium) of fungi, to examine the role of this stage in arsenic transformations and potential formation of AB. The mycelia of three different fungi species were cultured axenically and exposed to AB, arsenate (As(V)) and dimethylarsinoyl acetic acid for 60 days. Agaricus bisporus was additionally exposed to hypothesized precursors for AB and the exposure time to As(V) and dimethlyarsinic acid was also extended to 120 days. The mycelia of all fungi species accumulated all arsenic compounds with two species accumulating significantly more AB than other compounds. Few biotransformations were observed in these experiments indicating that it is unlikely that the mycelium of the fungus is responsible for biosynthesizing AB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Nearing
- Environmental Sciences Group, Royal Military College of Canada, P.O. Box 17000 Station Forces, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada.
| | - Iris Koch
- Environmental Sciences Group, Royal Military College of Canada, P.O. Box 17000 Station Forces, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada.
| | - Kenneth J Reimer
- Environmental Sciences Group, Royal Military College of Canada, P.O. Box 17000 Station Forces, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada.
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