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Ye L, Wu J, Catalán-Gómez S, Yuan L, Sun R, Chen R, Liu Z, Ulloa JM, Hierro A, Guo P, Zhou Y, Wang H. Superoxide radical derived metal-free spiro-OMeTAD for highly stable perovskite solar cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7889. [PMID: 39256386 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52199-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lithium salt-doped spiro-OMeTAD is widely used as a hole-transport layer (HTL) for high-efficiency n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs), but unfortunately facing awkward instability for commercialization arising from the intrinsic Li+ migration and hygroscopicity. We herein demonstrate a superoxide radicals (•O2-) derived HTL of metal-free spiro-OMeTAD with remarkable capability of avoiding the conventional tedious oxidation treatment in air for highly stable PSCs. Present work explores the employing of variant-valence Eu(TFSI)2 salts that could generate •O2- for facile and adequate pre-oxidation of spiro-OMeTAD, resulting in the HTL with dramatically increased conductivity and work function. Comparing to devices adopting HTL with LiTFSI doping, the •O2--derived spiro-OMeTAD increases the PSCs efficiency up to 25.45% and 20.76% for 0.05 cm2 active area and 6 × 6 cm2 module, respectively. State-of-art PSCs employing such metal-free HTLs are also demonstrated to show much-improved environmental stability even under harsh conditions, e.g., maintaining over 90% of their initial efficiency after 1000 h of operation at the maximum power point and after 80 light-thermal cycles under simulated low earth orbit conditions, respectively, indicating the potentials of developing metal-free spiro-OMeTAD for low-cost and shortened processing of perovskite photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, China
| | - Jiahao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, China
| | | | - Li Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, China
| | - Riming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, China
| | - Ruihao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, China
| | | | - Adrian Hierro
- ISOM, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pengfei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.
- Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, China.
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hongqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.
- Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, China.
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2
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Chang Q, Yun Y, Cao K, Yao W, Huang X, He P, Shen Y, Zhao Z, Chen M, Li C, Wu B, Yin J, Zhao Z, Li J, Zheng N. Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Modules Based on FcPF 6 Engineered Spiro-OMeTAD Hole Transporting Layer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2406296. [PMID: 39233551 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202406296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Li-TFSI doped spiro-OMeTAD is widely recognized as a beneficial hole transport layer (HTL) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), contributing to high device efficiencies. However, the uncontrolled migration of lithium ions (Li+) during device operation has impeded its broad adoption in scalable and stable photovoltaic modules. Herein, an additive strategy is proposed by employing ferrocenium hexafluorophosphate (FcPF6) as a relay medium to enhance the hole extraction capability of the spiro-OMeTAD via the instant oxidation function. Besides, the novel Fc-Li interaction effectively restricts the movement of Li+. Simultaneously, the dissociative hexafluorophosphate group is cleverly exploited to regulate the unstable iodide species on the perovskite surface, further inhibiting the formation of migration channels and stabilizing the interfaces. This modification leads to power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) reaching 22.13% and 20.27% in 36 cm2 (active area of 18 cm2) and 100 cm2 (active area of 56 cm2) perovskite solar modules (PSMs), respectively, with exceptional operational stability obtained for over 1000 h under the ISOS-L-1 procedure. The novel FcPF6-based engineering approach is pivotal for advancing the industrialization of PSCs, particularly those relying on high-performance spiro-OMeTAD- based HTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yikai Yun
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Kexin Cao
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, Xiamen, 361102, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Wenlong Yao
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, Xiamen, 361102, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Peng He
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, Xiamen, 361102, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, Xiamen, 361102, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhengjing Zhao
- Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute, Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Mengyu Chen
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Future Display Institute of Xiamen, Xiamen, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Li
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Future Display Institute of Xiamen, Xiamen, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Binghui Wu
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhao
- Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute, Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Jing Li
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Nanfeng Zheng
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, Xiamen, 361102, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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3
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Lan Z, Huang H, Du S, Lu Y, Sun C, Yang Y, Zhang Q, Suo Y, Qu S, Wang M, Wang X, Yan L, Cui P, Zhao Z, Li M. Cascade Reaction in Organic Hole Transport Layer Enables Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402840. [PMID: 38509835 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The doped organic hole transport layer (HTL) is crucial for achieving high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the traditional doping strategy undergoes a time-consuming and environment-dependent oxidation process, which hinders the technology upgrades and commercialization of PSCs. Here, we reported a new strategy by introducing a cascade reaction in traditional doped Spiro-OMeTAD, which can simultaneously achieve rapid oxidation and overcome the erosion of perovskite by 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP) in organic HTL. The ideal dopant iodobenzene diacetate was utilized as the initiator that can react with Spiro to generate Spiro⋅+ radicals quickly and efficiently without the participation of ambient air, with the byproduct of iodobenzene (DB). Then, the DB can coordinate with tBP through a halogen bond to form a tBP-DB complex, minimizing the sustained erosion from tBP to perovskite. Based on the above cascade reaction, the resulting Spiro-based PSCs have a champion PCE of 25.76 % (certificated of 25.38 %). This new oxidation process of HTL is less environment-dependent and produces PSCs with higher reproducibility. Moreover, the PTAA-based PSCs obtain a PCE of 23.76 %, demonstrating the excellent applicability of this doping strategy on organic HTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhineng Lan
- North China Electric Power University, State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, 2 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Hao Huang
- North China Electric Power University, State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, 2 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shuxian Du
- North China Electric Power University, State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, 2 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yi Lu
- North China Electric Power University, State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, 2 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Changxu Sun
- North China Electric Power University, State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, 2 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- North China Electric Power University, State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, 2 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- North China Electric Power University, State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, 2 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yi Suo
- North China Electric Power University, State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, 2 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shujie Qu
- North China Electric Power University, State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, 2 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Min Wang
- North China Electric Power University, State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, 2 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- North China Electric Power University, State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, 2 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Luyao Yan
- North China Electric Power University, State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, 2 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Peng Cui
- North China Electric Power University, State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, 2 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhao
- China Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute, Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Meicheng Li
- North China Electric Power University, State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, 2 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
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4
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Tian Q, Chang J, Wang J, He Q, Chen S, Yang P, Wang H, Lai J, Wu M, Zhao X, Zhong C, Li R, Huang W, Wang F, Yang Y, Qin T. Self-Polymerized Spiro-Type Interfacial Molecule toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318754. [PMID: 38407918 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
In the pursuit of highly efficient perovskite solar cells, spiro-OMeTAD has demonstrated recorded power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), however, the stability issue remains one of the bottlenecks constraining its commercial development. In this study, we successfully synthesize a novel self-polymerized spiro-type interfacial molecule, termed v-spiro. The linearly arranged molecule exhibits stronger intermolecular interactions and higher intrinsic hole mobility compared to spiro-OMeTAD. Importantly, the vinyl groups in v-spiro enable in situ polymerization, forming a polymeric protective layer on the perovskite film surface, which proves highly effective in suppressing moisture degradation and ion migration. Utilizing these advantages, poly-v-spiro-based device achieves an outstanding efficiency of 24.54 %, with an enhanced open-circuit voltage of 1.173 V and a fill factor of 81.11 %, owing to the reduced defect density, energy level alignment and efficient interfacial hole extraction. Furthermore, the operational stability of unencapsulated devices is significantly enhanced, maintaining initial efficiencies above 90 % even after 2000 hours under approximately 60 % humidity or 1250 hours under continuous AM 1.5G sunlight exposure. This work presents a comprehensive approach to achieving both high efficiency and long-term stability in PSCs through innovative interfacial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushuang Tian
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Nanjing Tech University, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Jingxi Chang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Nanjing Tech University, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Junbo Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Nanjing Tech University, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Qingyun He
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Nanjing Tech University, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Shaoyu Chen
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Nanjing Tech University, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Pinghui Yang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Nanjing Tech University, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Hongze Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Nanjing Tech University, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Jingya Lai
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Nanjing Tech University, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Mengyang Wu
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Nanjing Tech University, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Xiangru Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Nanjing Tech University, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Chongyu Zhong
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Nanjing Tech University, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Renzhi Li
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Nanjing Tech University, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Nanjing Tech University, Jiangsu, 210009, China
- School of Flexible Electronics (SoFE) & State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies (OEMT), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, 510275, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Nanjing Tech University, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Yingguo Yang
- School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Tianshi Qin
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Nanjing Tech University, Jiangsu, 210009, China
- School of Flexible Electronics (SoFE) & State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies (OEMT), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, 510275, China
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5
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Cabrera-Espinoza A, Collavini S, Sánchez JG, Kosta I, Palomares E, Delgado JL. Photo-Cross-Linked Fullerene-Based Hole Transport Material for Moisture-Resistant Regular Fullerene Sandwich Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16. [PMID: 38620071 PMCID: PMC11056936 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Despite the high efficiencies currently achieved with perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the need to develop stable devices, particularly in humid conditions, still remains. This study presents the synthesis of a novel photo-cross-linkable fullerene-based hole transport material named FT12. For the first time, the photo-cross-linking process is applied to PSCs, resulting in the preparation of photo-cross-linked FT12 (PCL FT12). Regular PSCs based on C60-sandwich architectures were fabricated using FT12 and PCL FT12 as dopant-free hole transport layers (HTLs) and compared to the reference spiro-OMeTAD. The photovoltaic results demonstrate that both FT12 and PCL FT12 significantly outperform pristine spiro-OMeTAD regarding device performance and stability. The comparison between devices based on FT12 and PCL FT12 demonstrates that the photo-cross-linking process enhances device efficiency. This improvement is primarily attributed to enhanced charge extraction, partial oxidation of the HTL, increased hole mobility, and improved layer morphology. PCL FT12-based devices exhibit improved stability compared to FT12 devices, primarily due to the superior moisture resistance achieved through photo-cross-linking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cabrera-Espinoza
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, Donostia/San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Silvia Collavini
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, Donostia/San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - José G. Sánchez
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology (ICIQ-BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Ivet Kosta
- CIDETEC, Basque Research and
Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramón 196, Donostia/San Sebastián 20014, Spain
| | - Emilio Palomares
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology (ICIQ-BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Delgado
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, Donostia/San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
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Zhu Q, Lv P, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Luo G, An Z, Hu M, Hu K, Li W, Yang F, Zhang B, Ku Z, Cheng YB, Lu J. LiTFSI-Free Hole Transport Materials for Robust Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules with High Efficiencies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:8875-8884. [PMID: 38343187 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Lithium bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonamide (LiTFSI) and oxygen-doped organic semiconductors have been frequently used to achieve record power conversion efficiencies of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, this conventional doping process is time-consuming and leads to poor device stability due to the incorporation of Li ions. Herein, aiming to accelerate the doping process and remove the Li ions, we report an alternative p-doping process by mixing a new small-molecule organic semiconductor, N2,N2,N7,N7-tetrakis (4-methoxyphenyl)-9-(4-(octyloxy) phenyl)-9H carbazole-2,7-diamine (labeled OH44) and its preoxidized form OH44+(TFSI-). With this method, a champion efficiency of 21.8% has been achieved for small-area PSCs, which is superior to the state-of-the-art EH44 and comparable with LiTFSI and oxygen-doped spiro-OMeTAD. Moreover, the stability of OH44-based PSCs is improved compared with those of EH44, maintaining more than 85% of its initial efficiency after aging in an ambient condition without encapsulation for 1000 h. In addition, we achieved efficiencies of 14.7 and 12.6% for the solar modules measured with a metal mask of 12.0 and 48.0 cm2, respectively, which demonstrated the scalability of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Pin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ziqi An
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Min Hu
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Micro-Nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Kaiwen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wangnan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Optoelectronic Material and Devices, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China
| | - Feifei Yang
- Shanxi Lu'An Photovoltaics Technology Co., Ltd., Changzhi 046011, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Shanxi Lu'An Photovoltaics Technology Co., Ltd., Changzhi 046011, China
| | - Zhiliang Ku
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yi-Bing Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianfeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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7
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Cheng M, Jiang J, Yan C, Lin Y, Mortazavi M, Kaul AB, Jiang Q. Progress and Application of Halide Perovskite Materials for Solar Cells and Light Emitting Devices. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:391. [PMID: 38470722 PMCID: PMC10933891 DOI: 10.3390/nano14050391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Halide perovskite materials have attracted worldwide attention in the photovoltaic area due to the rapid improvement in efficiency, from less than 4% in 2009 to 26.1% in 2023 with only a nanometer lever photo-active layer. Meanwhile, this nova star found applications in many other areas, such as light emitting, sensor, etc. This review started with the fundamentals of physics and chemistry behind the excellent performance of halide perovskite materials for photovoltaic/light emitting and the methods for preparing them. Then, it described the basic principles for solar cells and light emitting devices. It summarized the strategies including nanotechnology to improve the performance and the application of halide perovskite materials in these two areas: from structure-property relation to how each component in the devices affects the overall performance. Moreover, this review listed the challenges for the future applications of halide perovskite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoding Cheng
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA
| | - Jingtian Jiang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Chao Yan
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Yuankun Lin
- Department of Physics, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Mansour Mortazavi
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA
| | - Anupama B Kaul
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207, USA
| | - Qinglong Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA
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8
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Tian R, Zhou S, Meng Y, Liu C, Ge Z. Material and Device Design of Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells for Next-Generation Power Supplies. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2311473. [PMID: 38224961 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
This review outlines the rapid evolution of flexible perovskite solar cells (f-PSCs) to address the urgent need for alternative energy sources, highlighting their impressive power conversion efficiency, which increases from 2.62% to over 24% within a decade. The unique optoelectronic properties of perovskite materials and their inherent mechanical flexibilities instrumental in the development of f-PSCs are examined. Various strategies proposed for material modification and device optimization significantly enhance efficiency and bending durability. The transition from small-scale devices to large-area photovoltaic modules for diverse applications is discussed in addition to the challenges and innovative solutions related to film uniformity and environmental stability. This review provides succinct yet comprehensive insights into the development of f-PSCs, paving the way for their integration into various applications and highlighting their potential in the renewable energy landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijia Tian
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Shujing Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Yuanyuan Meng
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
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9
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Yang H, Xu T, Chen W, Wu Y, Guo X, Shen Y, Ding C, Chen X, Chen H, Ding J, Wu X, Zeng G, Zhang Z, Li Y, Li Y. Iodonium Initiators: Paving the Air-free Oxidation of Spiro-OMeTAD for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202316183. [PMID: 38063461 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
To date, perovskite solar cells (pero-SCs) with doped 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) hole transporting layers (HTLs) have shown the highest recorded power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). However, their commercialization is still impeded by poor device stability owing to the hygroscopic lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and volatile 4-tert-butylpyridine dopants as well as time-consuming oxidation in air. In this study, we explored a series of single-component iodonium initiators with strong oxidability and different electron delocalization properties to precisely manipulate the oxidation states of Spiro-OMeTAD without air assistance, and the oxidation mechanism was clearly understood. Iodine (III) in the diphenyliodonium cation (IP+ ) can accept a single electron from Spiro-OMeTAD and forms Spiro-OMeTAD⋅+ owing to its strong oxidability. Moreover, because of the coordination of the strongly delocalized TFSI- with Spiro-OMeTAD⋅+ in a stable radical complex, the resulting hole mobility was 30 times higher than that of pristine Spiro-OMeTAD. In addition, the IP-TFSI initiator facilitated the growth of a homogeneous and pinhole-free Spiro-OMeTAD film. The pero-SCs based on this oxidizing HTL showed excellent efficiencies of 25.16 % (certified: 24.85 % for 0.062-cm2 ) and 20.71 % for a 15.03-cm2 module as well as remarkable overall stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyi Yang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Weijie Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yeyong Wu
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xianming Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yunxiu Shen
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chengqiang Ding
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xining Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Haiyang Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Junyuan Ding
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guixiang Zeng
- Kuang Yaming Honors School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yaowen Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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10
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Zhong Y, Yang J, Wang X, Liu Y, Cai Q, Tan L, Chen Y. Inhibition of Ion Migration for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302552. [PMID: 37067957 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, organic-inorganic halide perovskites are now emerging as the most attractive alternatives for next-generation photovoltaic devices, due to their excellent optoelectronic characteristics and low manufacturing cost. However, the resultant perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) are intrinsically unstable owing to ion migration, which severely impedes performance enhancement, even with device encapsulation. There is no doubt that the investigation of ion migration and the summarization of recent advances in inhibition strategies are necessary to develop "state-of-the-art" PVSCs with high intrinsic stability for accelerated commercialization. This review systematically elaborates on the generation and fundamental mechanisms of ion migration in PVSCs, the impact of ion migration on hysteresis, phase segregation, and operational stability, and the characterizations for ion migration in PVSCs. Then, many related works on the strategies for inhibiting ion migration toward highly efficient and stable PVSCs are summarized. Finally, the perspectives on the current obstacles and prospective strategies for inhibition of ion migration in PVSCs to boost operational stability and meet all of the requirements for commercialization success are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Jia Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yikun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Qianqian Cai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Licheng Tan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, 226010, China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, 226010, China
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11
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Tsuchiya T, Hamano T, Inoue M, Nakamura T, Wakamiya A, Mazaki Y. Intense absorption of azulene realized by molecular orbital inversion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10604-10607. [PMID: 37528776 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02311g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of diarylamino groups at the 2- and 6-positions of azulene was found to invert the order of the orbital energy levels and allowed the HOMO-LUMO transition, resulting in a substantial increase in absorbance in the visible region. In addition, the stability of their one-electron oxidised species was improved by introducing bromine or methoxy groups at the 1- and 3-positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Chemistry, Kitasato University Kitasato 1-15-1, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Hamano
- Department of Chemistry, Kitasato University Kitasato 1-15-1, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, Kitasato University Kitasato 1-15-1, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan.
| | - Tomoya Nakamura
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Atsushi Wakamiya
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Mazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Kitasato University Kitasato 1-15-1, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan.
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12
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Zhang Y, Zhou C, Lin L, Pei F, Xiao M, Yang X, Yuan G, Zhu C, Chen Y, Chen Q. Gelation of Hole Transport Layer to Improve the Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:175. [PMID: 37428245 PMCID: PMC10333165 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01145-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
To achieve high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and long-term stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), a hole transport layer (HTL) with persistently high conductivity, good moisture/oxygen barrier ability, and adequate passivation capability is important. To achieve enough conductivity and effective hole extraction, spiro-OMeTAD, one of the most frequently used HTL in optoelectronic devices, often needs chemical doping with a lithium compound (LiTFSI). However, the lithium salt dopant induces crystallization and has a negative impact on the performance and lifetime of the device due to its hygroscopic nature. Here, we provide an easy method for creating a gel by mixing a natural small molecule additive (thioctic acid, TA) with spiro-OMeTAD. We discover that gelation effectively improves the compactness of resultant HTL and prevents moisture and oxygen infiltration. Moreover, the gelation of HTL improves not only the conductivity of spiro-OMeTAD, but also the operational robustness of the devices in the atmospheric environment. In addition, TA passivates the perovskite defects and facilitates the charge transfer from the perovskite layer to HTL. As a consequence, the optimized PSCs based on the gelated HTL exhibit an improved PCE (22.52%) with excellent device stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxiao Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhi Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengtao Pei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqi Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Guizhou Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Hayashi R, Murota A, Oka K, Inada Y, Yamashita K. UV ozone treatment for oxidization of spiro-OMeTAD hole transport layer. RSC Adv 2023; 13:18561-18567. [PMID: 37346939 PMCID: PMC10280331 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02315j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
For practical application of perovskite photovoltaic devices, it is vital to choose an appropriate carrier extraction material with high mobility, high conductivity, and appropriate molecular energy levels. One of the most frequently used hole transport materials, spiro-OMeTAD, is known to show an improvement in its electrical properties after the oxidation reaction. However, this oxidation reaction is generally accomplished by simple atmospheric exposure, often taking one or more nights under atmospheric conditions, and thus the development of a rapid oxidation strategy without the degradation of device performance is strongly required. Here, we propose a rapid and reproducible oxidation route employing a UV ozone treatment process that enables quick oxidation of spiro-OMeTAD in solution, as short as 30 seconds. Optical and electrical characterization reveals that this method modifies the highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of spiro-OMeTAD to reduce the voltage loss, and also improves the conductivity and mobility, leading to the enhancement in the photovoltaic properties. This finding will provide useful insights into the further development of spiro-OMeTAD-based perovskite solar cell devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryotaro Hayashi
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Ayane Murota
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Kengo Oka
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Yuhi Inada
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Kenichi Yamashita
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
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14
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Cao F, Zhu Z, Zhang C, Chen P, Wang S, Tong A, He R, Wang Y, Sun W, Li Y, Wu J. Synergistic Ionic Liquid in Hole Transport Layers for Highly Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2207784. [PMID: 36974610 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with n-i-p structures often utilize an organic 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis (N, N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine) 9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) along with additives of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide salt (LiTFSI) and tert-butylpyridine as the hole transporting layer (HTL). However, the HTL lacks stability in ambient air, and numerous defects are often present on the perovskite surface, which is not conducive to a stable and efficient PSC. Therefore, constructive strategies that simultaneously stabilize spiro-OMeTAD and passivate the perovskite surface are required. In this work, it is demonstrated that a novel ionic liquid of dimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (DMATFSI) could act as a bifunctional HTL modulator in n-i-p PSCs. The addition of DMATFSI into spiro-OMeTAD can effectively stabilize the oxidized spiro-OMeTAD+ cation radicals through the formation of spiro-OMeTAD+ TFSI- because of the excellent charge delocalization of the conjugated CF3 SO2 - moiety within TFSI- . In addition, DMA+ cations could move toward the perovskite from the HTL, resulting in the passivation of defects at the perovskite surface. Accordingly, a power conversion efficiency of 23.22% is achieved for PSCs with DMATFSI and LiTFSI co-doped spiro-OMeTAD. Moreover, benefiting from the improved ion migration barrier and hydrophobicity of the HTL, still retained nearly 80% of their initial power conversion efficiency after 36 days of exposure to ambient air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxian Cao
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Ziyao Zhu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Chunhong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Pengxu Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Shibo Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Anling Tong
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Ruowei He
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Weihai Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Yunlong Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Jihuai Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
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15
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Spinelli G, Morritt GH, Pavone M, Probert MR, Waddell PG, Edvinsson T, Muñoz-García AB, Freitag M. Conductivity in Thin Films of Transition Metal Coordination Complexes. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2023; 6:2122-2127. [PMID: 36875350 PMCID: PMC9975959 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.2c02999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Two coordination complexes have been made by combining the dithiolene complexes [M(mnt)2]2- (mnt = maleonitriledithiolate; M = Ni2+ or Cu2+) as anion, with the copper(II) coordination complex [Cu(Stetra)] (Stetra = 6,6'-bis(4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-yl)-2,2'-bipyri-dine) as cation. The variation of the metal centers leads to a dramatic change in the conductivity of the materials, with the M = Cu2+ variant (Cu-Cu) displaying semiconductor behavior with a conductivity of approximately 2.5 × 10-8 S cm-1, while the M = Ni2+ variant (Ni-Cu) displayed no observable conductivity. Computational studies found Cu-Cu enables a minimization of reorganization energy losses and, as a result, a lower barrier to the charge transfer process, resulting in the reported higher conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Spinelli
- School
of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle
University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - George H. Morritt
- School
of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Herschel Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Michele Pavone
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Michael R. Probert
- School
of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle
University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Paul G. Waddell
- School
of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle
University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Tomas Edvinsson
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Division of Solid-State Physics, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 35, Uppsala SE 75103, Sweden
| | - Ana Belén Muñoz-García
- Department
of Physics “Ettore Pancini″, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Marina Freitag
- School
of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle
University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
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16
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Wang C, Gao P. ‘Radicalize’ the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells with Radical Compounds. Chem Res Chin Univ 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-023-2327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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17
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Chowdhury TA, Bin Zafar MA, Sajjad-Ul Islam M, Shahinuzzaman M, Islam MA, Khandaker MU. Stability of perovskite solar cells: issues and prospects. RSC Adv 2023; 13:1787-1810. [PMID: 36712629 PMCID: PMC9828105 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05903g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though power conversion efficiency has already reached 25.8%, poor stability is one of the major challenges hindering the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Several initiatives, such as structural modification and fabrication techniques by numerous ways, have been employed by researchers around the world to achieve the desired level of stability. The goal of this review is to address the recent improvements in PSCs in terms of structural modification and fabrication procedures. Perovskite films are used to provide a broad range of stability and to lose up to 20% of their initial performance. A thorough comprehension of the effect of the fabrication process on the device's stability is considered to be crucial in order to provide the foundation for future attempts. We summarize several commonly used fabrication techniques - spin coating, doctor blade, sequential deposition, hybrid chemical vapor, and alternating layer-by-layer. The evolution of device structure from regular to inverted, HTL free, and ETL including the changes in material utilization from organic to inorganic, as well as the perovskite material are presented in a systematic manner. We also aimed to gain insight into the functioning stability of PSCs, as well as practical information on how to increase their operational longevity through sensible device fabrication and materials processing, to promote PSC commercialization at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzi Ahmed Chowdhury
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong Kumira Bangladesh
| | - Md Arafat Bin Zafar
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong Kumira Bangladesh
| | - Md Sajjad-Ul Islam
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong Kumira Bangladesh
| | - M Shahinuzzaman
- Institute of Fuel Research and Development, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Dhaka 1205 Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Aminul Islam
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University 47500 Bandar Sunway Selangor Malaysia
- Department of General Educational Development, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Daffodil International University DIU Rd Dhaka 1341 Bangladesh
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18
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McMeekin DP, Holzhey P, Fürer SO, Harvey SP, Schelhas LT, Ball JM, Mahesh S, Seo S, Hawkins N, Lu J, Johnston MB, Berry JJ, Bach U, Snaith HJ. Intermediate-phase engineering via dimethylammonium cation additive for stable perovskite solar cells. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:73-83. [PMID: 36456873 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01399-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Achieving the long-term stability of perovskite solar cells is arguably the most important challenge required to enable widespread commercialization. Understanding the perovskite crystallization process and its direct impact on device stability is critical to achieving this goal. The commonly employed dimethyl-formamide/dimethyl-sulfoxide solvent preparation method results in a poor crystal quality and microstructure of the polycrystalline perovskite films. In this work, we introduce a high-temperature dimethyl-sulfoxide-free processing method that utilizes dimethylammonium chloride as an additive to control the perovskite intermediate precursor phases. By controlling the crystallization sequence, we tune the grain size, texturing, orientation (corner-up versus face-up) and crystallinity of the formamidinium (FA)/caesium (FA)yCs1-yPb(IxBr1-x)3 perovskite system. A population of encapsulated devices showed improved operational stability, with a median T80 lifetime (the time over which the device power conversion efficiency decreases to 80% of its initial value) for the steady-state power conversion efficiency of 1,190 hours, and a champion device showed a T80 of 1,410 hours, under simulated sunlight at 65 °C in air, under open-circuit conditions. This work highlights the importance of material quality in achieving the long-term operational stability of perovskite optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P McMeekin
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Exciton Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Philippe Holzhey
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sebastian O Fürer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Exciton Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven P Harvey
- Material Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Laura T Schelhas
- Applied Energy Programs, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
| | - James M Ball
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Suhas Mahesh
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Seongrok Seo
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Jianfeng Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Exciton Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael B Johnston
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joseph J Berry
- Material Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Udo Bach
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Exciton Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Henry J Snaith
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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19
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Sabbah H, Arayro J, Mezher R. Simulation and Investigation of 26% Efficient and Robust Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Based on GA 0.2FA 0.78SnI 3-1%EDAI 2 Films. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12213885. [PMID: 36364661 PMCID: PMC9657588 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid tin-based perovskite solar cell with p-i-n inverted structure is modeled and simulated using SCAPS. The inverted structure is composed of PEDOT:PSS (as hole transport layer-HTL)/GA0.2FA0.78SnI3-1% EDAI2 (as perovskite absorber layer)/C60-fullerene (as electron transport layer-ETL). Previous experimental studies showed that unlike conventional tin-based perovskite solar cells (PSC), the present hybrid tin-based PSC passes all harsh standard tests and generates a power conversion efficiency of only 8.3%. Despite the high stability that this material exhibits, emphasis on enhancing its power conversion efficiency (PCE) is crucial. To that end, various ETL and HTL materials have been rigorously investigated. The impact of energy level alignment between HTL/absorber and absorber/ETL interfaces have been elucidated. Moreover, the thickness and the doping concentration of all the previously mentioned layers have been varied to inspect their effect on the photovoltaic performance of the PSC. The optimized structure with CuI (copper iodide) as HTL and ZnOS (zinc oxysulphide) as ETL scored a PCE of 26%, which is more than three times greater than the efficiency of the initial structure. The current numerical simulation on GA0.2FA0.78SnI3-1% EDAI2 could greatly increase its chance for commercial development.
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20
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Fan Z, Xing C, Tan Y, Xu J, Liu L, Zhou Y, Jiang Y. The effect of CO 2-doped spiro-OMeTAD hole transport layer on FA (1−x)Cs xPbI 3 perovskite solar cells. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/17475198221136079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Black-phase formamidinium lead iodine with 1.48 eV bandgap is considered to be the most promising material for improving the near-theoretical limit efficiency of perovskite solar cells, but at room temperature, black-phase formamidinium lead iodine easily transforms into the yellow non-perovskite phase formamidinium lead iodine. Here, different ratios of Cs+-incorporated formamidinium lead iodine prepared by one-step processing with the stability and power conversion efficiency of formamidinium lead iodine perovskite solar cells are investigated. FA0.85Cs0.15PbI3 shows the highest power conversion efficiency of 10.63% (Voc = 1.04 V, Jsc = 16.81 mA cm−2, and fill factor = 0.60), and the unencapsulated device maintained 60% of the initial power conversion efficiency after storage in air with 40% humidity for 186 h with an active area of 0.1 cm2, when the ratios of Cs+ reached 15% ( x = 0.15) in formamidinium lead iodine. However, the efficiency of perovskite solar cell–based formamidinium lead iodine is still low. In this work, a simple but an effective strategy was carried out to rapidly and fully oxidize hole transport layer solution by doping CO2 or O2 under ultraviolet light irradiation to increase the conductivity of hole transport layer, thereby improving the power conversion efficiency of solar cells. The results show that FA0.85Cs0.15PbI3 solar cells by CO2-doped hole transport layer for 90 s exhibited the highest power conversion efficiency of 16.11% (VOC = 1.11 V, JSC = 19.73 mA cm−2, and fill factor = 0.74). The improved photovoltaic performance is attributed to CO2-doped spiro-OMeTAD increasing charge carrier density and accelerating charge separation, thereby inducing higher conductivity. CO2 or O2 doped can rapidly and fully oxidize spiro-OMeTAD, and reduce the solar cell fabrication time; it is beneficial to the commercial use of perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Fan
- Hubei Key Laboratory for High-efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy and Operation Control of Energy Storage System, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuwu Xing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Tan
- School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxia Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory for High-efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy and Operation Control of Energy Storage System, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingyun Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory for High-efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy and Operation Control of Energy Storage System, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanming Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory for High-efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy and Operation Control of Energy Storage System, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory for High-efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy and Operation Control of Energy Storage System, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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21
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Shen Y, Deng K, Li L. Spiro-OMeTAD-Based Hole Transport Layer Engineering toward Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200757. [PMID: 36202752 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have undergone unprecedented growth in the past decade as an emerging photovoltaic technology. Up till now, the power conversion efficiency of PSCs has exceeded 25% that rivals silicon solar cells and there is still room for further enhancement. However, the development in long-term stability lags far behind, which remains a great concern for the commercial application in the future. The device instability mainly arises from the functional components, including perovskite film, charge transport layers, and electrodes along with the involved interfaces. As the most widely studied hole transport layer at the current stage, 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino)-9,9-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) helps contribute to the achievement of record efficiency but it weakens the device stability due to the doping-induced side effects such as hygroscopicity and ion migration. Great efforts are devoted to boosting the stability of Spiro-OMeTAD while maintaining excellent photovoltaic performance. In this review, the fundamental properties of Spiro-OMeTAD have been summarized and the recent advances in engineering Spiro-OMeTAD-based hole transport layer for the sake of highly efficient PSCs with enhanced longevity are highlighted. In the end, an outlook for the further optimization of Spiro-OMeTAD is provided and the issues related to large-scale production are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Center for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Kaimo Deng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Center for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Liang Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Center for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
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22
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Ouedraogo NAN, Odunmbaku GO, Guo B, Chen S, Lin X, Shumilova T, Sun K. Oxidation of Spiro-OMeTAD in High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:34303-34327. [PMID: 35852808 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
2,2',7,7'-Tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD), as an organic small molecule material, is the most commonly employed hole transport material (HTM) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) because of its excellent properties that result in high photovoltaic performances. However, the material still suffers from low conductivity, leading to the necessary use of dopants and oxidative processes to overcome this issue. The spiro-OMeTAD oxidation process is highlighted in this review, and the main parameters involved in the process have been studied. Furthermore, the best alternatives aiming to improve the spiro-OMeTAD electrical properties have been discussed. Lastly, this review concludes with suggestions and outlooks for further research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabonswende Aida Nadege Ouedraogo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - George Omololu Odunmbaku
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Bing Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xiaoxue Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Tatyana Shumilova
- Institute of Geology, FRC Komi Science Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar 167982, Russia
| | - Kuan Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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23
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Jeong SY, Kim HS, Park NG. Challenges for Thermally Stable Spiro-MeOTAD toward the Market Entry of Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:34220-34227. [PMID: 35076216 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have drawn great attention because they have seen a dramatic increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE) over only a decade and reached 25.5% of certified PCE in 2021. The efficiency competitiveness with a low production cost puts up PSCs as a candidate for next-generation photovoltaics, encouraging the stability assessment. Research on PSCs, however, still struggles with the stability issue, particularly at elevated temperature, which is mainly ascribed to the use of spiro-MeOTAD as a hole transport material (HTM). Though many attempts have been made to explore a new HTM to replace spiro-MeOTAD, the improved stability is mostly obtained at the expense of losing efficiency. Likewise, the question of the effectiveness of alternatives for spiro-MeOTAD consistently remains. In this perspective, the morphological stability of spiro-MeOTAD at elevated temperatures is discussed to determine the underlying origins of the thermal stability issue and find feasible strategies to resolve it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Yong Jeong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Center for Antibonding Regulated Crystals, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Hui-Seon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Nam-Gyu Park
- School of Chemical Engineering and Center for Antibonding Regulated Crystals, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea
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24
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Krishnan S, Senthilkumar K. Tetrathiafulvalene Derivatives as Hole-Transporting Materials in Perovskite Solar Cell. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:5079-5088. [PMID: 35916604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c01631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Over a couple of decades perovskite solar cells have become a highly promising photovoltaic technology. Choosing a dopant-free Hole-Transporting Material (HTM) that offers protection to a perovskite layer from oxidation is one of the viable strategies while addressing the stability of perovskite solar cell. In this line of interest, tetrathiafulvale (TTF) derivatives have shown promise in the past. However, studies that focus on small-molecule TTF derivatives as potential HTM options are scarce. The present study is an attempt to explore the applicability of a few TTF derivatives as HTM in a perovskite solar cell. Here four TTF derivatives, namely, TTF-1 (experimentally reported in a previous study), TTF-2, DBTTF1, and TMTSF1, were studied through electronic structure calculations. The properties concerning HTM, such as impact of adsorption on molecular structure, absorption spectra, distribution of frontier molecular orbitals, interaction energy between TTF derivative and MAPbI3 surface, and charge transfer at an interface, were analyzed. Results show that TTF-2 has the expected energy-level alignment, transparency in the visible range of solar spectrum, and good charge-injection ability at the interface with a perovskite layer. Hence, TTF-2 could be a potential hole-transporting material for a perovskite solar cell, and it can perform better than TTF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Krishnan
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India
| | - K Senthilkumar
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India
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25
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Zhang T, Wang F, Kim HB, Choi IW, Wang C, Cho E, Konefal R, Puttisong Y, Terado K, Kobera L, Chen M, Yang M, Bai S, Yang B, Suo J, Yang SC, Liu X, Fu F, Yoshida H, Chen WM, Brus J, Coropceanu V, Hagfeldt A, Brédas JL, Fahlman M, Kim DS, Hu Z, Gao F. Ion-modulated radical doping of spiro-OMeTAD for more efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. Science 2022; 377:495-501. [PMID: 35901165 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo2757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Record power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been obtained with the organic hole transporter 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD). Conventional doping of spiro-OMeTAD with hygroscopic lithium salts and volatile 4-tert-butylpyridine is a time-consuming process and also leads to poor device stability. We developed a new doping strategy for spiro-OMeTAD that avoids post-oxidation by using stable organic radicals as the dopant and ionic salts as the doping modulator (referred to as ion-modulated radical doping). We achieved PCEs of >25% and much-improved device stability under harsh conditions. The radicals provide hole polarons that instantly increase the conductivity and work function (WF), and ionic salts further modulate the WF by affecting the energetics of the hole polarons. This organic semiconductor doping strategy, which decouples conductivity and WF tunability, could inspire further optimization in other optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiankai Zhang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hak-Beom Kim
- Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Woo Choi
- Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chuanfei Wang
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Eunkyung Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Rafal Konefal
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Yuttapoom Puttisong
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Kosuke Terado
- Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Libor Kobera
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Mengyun Chen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sai Bai
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bowen Yang
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science (LSPM), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jiajia Suo
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science (LSPM), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shih-Chi Yang
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Xianjie Liu
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Fan Fu
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Hiroyuki Yoshida
- Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.,Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Weimin M Chen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jiri Brus
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Veaceslav Coropceanu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science (LSPM), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jean-Luc Brédas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Mats Fahlman
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Dong Suk Kim
- Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhangjun Hu
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
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26
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Zhao Y, Ma F, Qu Z, Yu S, Shen T, Deng HX, Chu X, Peng X, Yuan Y, Zhang X, You J. Inactive (PbI 2) 2RbCl stabilizes perovskite films for efficient solar cells. Science 2022; 377:531-534. [PMID: 35901131 DOI: 10.1126/science.abp8873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 143.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In halide perovskite solar cells the formation of secondary-phase excess lead iodide (PbI2) has some positive effects on power conversion efficiency (PCE) but can be detrimental to device stability and lead to large hysteresis effects in voltage sweeps. We converted PbI2 into an inactive (PbI2)2RbCl compound by RbCl doping, which effectively stabilizes the perovskite phase. We obtained a certified PCE of 25.6% for FAPbI3 (FA, formamidinium) perovskite solar cells on the basis of this strategy. Devices retained 96% of their original PCE values after 1000 hours of shelf storage and 80% after 500 hours of thermal stability testing at 85°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China, 100083.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China, 100049
| | - Fei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China, 100083.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China, 100049
| | - Zihan Qu
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China, 100083.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China, 100049
| | - Shiqi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China, 100083.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China, 100049
| | - Tao Shen
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China, 100049.,State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China, 100083
| | - Hui-Xiong Deng
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China, 100049.,State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China, 100083
| | - Xinbo Chu
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China, 100083.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China, 100049
| | - Xinxin Peng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China, 410083
| | - Yongbo Yuan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China, 410083.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China, 410083
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China, 100083.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China, 100049
| | - Jingbi You
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China, 100083.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China, 100049
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27
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Hossain MS, Ahmed F, Karakalos SG, Smith MD, Pant N, Garashchuk S, Greytak AB, Docampo P, Shimizu LS. Structure-property investigations in urea tethered iodinated triphenylamines. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:18729-18737. [PMID: 35899998 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01856j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report structural, computational, and conductivity studies on urea-directed self-assembled iodinated triphenylamine (TPA) derivatives. Despite numerous reports of conductive TPAs, the challenges of correlating their solid-state assembly with charge transport properties hinder the efficient design of new materials. In this work, we compare the assembled structures of a methylene urea bridged dimer of di-iodo TPA (1) and the corresponding methylene urea di-iodo TPA monomer (2) with a di-iodo mono aldehyde (3) control. These modifications lead to needle shaped crystals for 1 and 2 that are organized by urea hydrogen bonding, π⋯π stacking, I⋯I, and I⋯π interactions as determined by SC-XRD, Hirshfeld surface analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The long needle shaped crystals were robust enough to measure the conductivity by two contact probe methods with 2 exhibiting higher conductivity values (∼6 × 10-7 S cm-1) compared to 1 (1.6 × 10-8 S cm-1). Upon UV-irradiation, 1 formed low quantities of persistent radicals with the simple methylurea 2 displaying less radical formation. The electronic properties of 1 were further investigated using valence band XPS, which revealed a significant shift in the valence band upon UV irradiation (0.5-1.9 eV), indicating the potential of these materials as dopant free p-type hole transporters. The electronic structure calculations suggest that the close packing of TPA promotes their electronic coupling and allows effective charge carrier transport. Our results show that ionic additives significantly improve the conductivity up to ∼2.0 × 10-6 S cm-1 in thin films, enabling their implementation in functional devices such as perovskite or solid-state dye sensitized solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saddam Hossain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Fiaz Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Stavros G Karakalos
- College of Engineering and Computing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - Mark D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Namrata Pant
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black building, University pl., Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Sophya Garashchuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Andrew B Greytak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
| | - Pablo Docampo
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black building, University pl., Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Linda S Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
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28
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Gümüşgöz Çelik G, Şahin AN, Lafzi F, Saracoglu N, Altındal A, Gürek AG, Atilla D. Triphenylamine substituted copper and zinc phthalocyanines as alternative hole-transporting materials for solution-processed perovskite solar cells. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:9385-9396. [PMID: 35674235 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00068g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, new peripheral substituted Zn(II) and Cu(II) phthalocyanine derivatives (p-ZnPc and p-CuPc) bearing bulky aromatic triphenylamine groups were synthesized as alternative hole-transporting materials (HTMs). The structures of the new phthalocyanine derivatives (p-ZnPc and p-CuPc) were illuminated by various spectroscopic techniques such as mass spectrometry and 1H, and 13C-NMR. After structural analysis, their photophysical properties in solution and the solid phase were examined by UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Using p-ZnPc and p-CuPc as HTMs, highly stable perovskite-based solar cells with the structure of FTO/SnO2/perovskite/p-ZnPc and p-CuPc/Ag have been developed and characterized. It was observed that our devices with p-ZnPc as the HTM maintain over 93% of the initial performance for more than 960 h under atmospheric conditions (22-27 °C) with 35-45% relative humidity. In addition, some strategies such as using various methylammonium iodide (MAI) and lead iodide (PbI2) blend ratios between 1 : 0.4 and 1 : 1.8 were employed to test the effect of the blend ratios on the long term stability of the perovskite-based solar cells. Our findings demonstrated that the spin-coated p-ZnPc based HTM demonstrated competitive power conversion efficiency and exhibited superior stability without encapsulation compared to commonly used HTMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Gümüşgöz Çelik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Ayşe Nur Şahin
- Department of Physics, Yıldız Technical University, 34220, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ferruh Lafzi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Nurullah Saracoglu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Altındal
- Department of Physics, Yıldız Technical University, 34220, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ayşe Gül Gürek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Devrim Atilla
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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29
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Rahman MA. Performance analysis of WSe2-based bifacial solar cells with different electron transport and hole transport materials by SCAPS-1D. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09800. [PMID: 35800715 PMCID: PMC9253653 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, solar cells made of tungsten diselenide (WSe2) have received comprehensive consideration because of their good photoelectric properties. The planar WSe2-based heterojunction solar cell with a preliminary device structure of Au/WSe2/electron transport layer (ETL)/FTO/Al was designed and investigated numerically by SCAPS-1D. CdS ETL is widely used in thin film solar cells (TFSCs). Due to environmental issues and the low band gap (2.42 eV) of CdS ETL, an alternative to CdS ETL was being explored for WSe2 solar cells. In this work, the photovoltaic (PV) performance of the WSe2-based TFSCs with different ETLs were simulated, analyzed and compared, in an attempt to track down a suitable substitute for the CdS ETL. In addition to CdS ETL, ZnO, TiO2 and SnO2 ETLs were independently used to simulate the PV performance of WSe2-based TCSCs. In the wake of analyzing the J-V curves of different cell configurations, SnO2 ETL yielded the best results with PCE of 27.14 % for the single-junction WSe2/SnO2 TFSC. Then, our simulation predicted that the PV performance of the WSe2 device can be improved significantly by using N doped Cu2O as a hole transport layer (HTL). The optimized WSe2 device with SnO2 ETL and Cu2O:N HTL showed an improved PCE of 33.84 % with very good performance stability at higher temperature. Furthermore, this article proposes to use the Au/Cu2O:N/WSe2/SnO2/FTO/Al heterojunction solar cell in bifacial mode and PV performance of the proposed bifacial device have been also studied using SCAPS-1D. Bifacial WSe2 device leads to enhanced PV performance with bifaciality factor for PCE is 83.64 %. Bifacial gain of the proposed device under simultaneous irradiation of 1 sun from the front and 20 % of 1 sun from back side is found to be 13.95 %. Our simulation predicts that the proposed WSe2 bifacial solar cell is capable of converting solar energy into electricity with an efficiency of about 38.38 %.
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30
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Shen Y, Deng K, Chen Q, Gao G, Li L. Crowning Lithium Ions in Hole-Transport Layer toward Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200978. [PMID: 35388930 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
State-of-the-art perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit comparable power conversion efficiency (PCE) to that of silicon photovoltaic devices. However, the device stability remains a major obstacle that restricts widespread application. Doping-induced hygroscopicity, ion diffusion, and use of polar solvents in the hole-transport layer are detrimental factors for performance degradation of PSCs. Here, phase-transfer-catalyzed LiTFSI doping in Spiro-OMeTAD is developed to address these negative impacts. 12-Crown-4 as an efficient phase-transfer catalyst promotes the dissolution of LiTFSI without requiring acetonitrile. A combined experimental and theoretical study demonstrates the host-guest interaction between Li+ ions and 12-crown-4. Crowning Li+ ions by forming more stable and less diffusive crown-ether-Li+ complexes retards the generation of hygroscopic lithium oxides and mitigates Li+ -ion migration. Optimized PSCs deliver enhanced PCE and significantly improved stability under humid and thermal conditions compared with a control device. This method can also be applied to dope π-conjugated polymer. The findings provide a facile avenue to improve the long-term stability of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Center for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Kaimo Deng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Center for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Center for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Gui Gao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Center for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Liang Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Center for Energy Conversion Materials & Physics, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
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31
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Hung CM, Lin JT, Yang YH, Liu YC, Gu MW, Chou TC, Wang SF, Chen ZQ, Wu CC, Chen LC, Hsu CC, Chen CH, Chiu CW, Chen HC, Chou PT. Modulation of Perovskite Grain Boundaries by Electron Donor-Acceptor Zwitterions R, R-Diphenylamino-phenyl-pyridinium-(CH 2) n -sulfonates: All-Round Improvement on the Solar Cell Performance. JACS AU 2022; 2:1189-1199. [PMID: 35647592 PMCID: PMC9131477 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted intense attention because of their insignificant hysteresis and low-temperature fabrication process. However, the efficiencies of inverted PSCs are still inferior to those of commercialized silicon solar cells. Also, the poor stability of PSCs is one of the major impedances to commercialization. Herein, we rationally designed and synthesized a new series of electron donor (R,R-diphenylamino) and acceptor (pyridimium-(CH2) n -sulfonates) zwitterions as a boundary modulator and systematically investigated their associated interface properties. Comprehensive physical and optoelectronic studies verify that these zwitterions provide a four-in-one functionality: balancing charge carrier transport, suppressing less-coordinated Pb2+ defects, enhancing moisture resistance, and reducing ion migration. Although each functionality may have been reported by specific passivating molecules, a strategy that simultaneously regulates the charge-transfer balance and three other functionalities has not yet been developed. The results are to make an omnidirectional improvement of PSCs. Among all zwitterions, 4-(4-(4-(di-(4-methoxylphenyl)amino)phenyl)propane-1-ium-1-yl)butane-1-sulfonate (OMeZC3) optimizes the balance hole/electron mobility ratio of perovskite to 0.91, and the corresponding PSCs demonstrate a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 23.15% free from hysteresis, standing out as one of the champion PSCs with an inverted structure. Importantly, the OMeZC3-modified PSC exhibits excellent long-term stability, maintaining almost its initial PCE after being stored at 80% relative humidity for 35 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Ming Hung
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Tai Lin
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Wen Gu
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Che Chou
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fu Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Qin Chen
- Department
of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng Chia
University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chi Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Li-Cyun Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Chiu
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsieh-Chih Chen
- Department
of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng Chia
University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Center
for Emerging Materials and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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32
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Hu B, Yang Y, Wang J, Wang W, Li J, Liu S, Xia D, Lin K, Dong Y, Fan R. Investigation on the Mechanism of Radical Intermediate Formation and Moderate Oxidation of Spiro-OMeTAD by the Synergistic Effect of Multisubstituted Polyoxometalates in Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:17610-17620. [PMID: 35380420 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Conventional oxidation of 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) by air would bring various drawbacks for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), such as low power conversion efficiency (PCE) and poor stability. Here, a series of heteroatom-substituted Keggin-type polyoxometalates (POMs), H4PMo11VO40 (PMo11V), H5PMo10V2O40 (PMo10V2), and H6PMo9V3O40 (PMo9V3) are prepared and applied as p-type dopants to realize quantitative and controllable oxidation of Spiro-OMeTAD under an inert condition. The possible mechanism and electron donor regions in the oxidation of Spiro-OMeTAD are investigated using two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and the relationship between POM structures and the oxidation degree of Spiro-OMeTAD is proposed. In addition, the synergistic effect of heteroatoms makes V2-substituted PMo10V2 exhibit appropriate oxidation of Spiro-OMeTAD and promoted the highest efficient hole extraction as well as the decreased charge recombination. Therefore, the champion device doped with PMo10V2 shows a PCE of 20.41% and a superior open circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.133 V, surpassing that of the pristine device (18.61%). This work presents a fresh perspective to the controllable oxidation of Spiro-OMeTAD employing economical inorganic POM dopants, which would promote the commercialization of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyuan Hu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Yang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Shihui Liu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Debin Xia
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Kaifeng Lin
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yayu Dong
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Ruiqing Fan
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
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Costa R, Al-Qurashi OS, Wazzan N, Pogrebnoi A, Pogrebnaya T. Designed complexes based on betanidin and L0 Dyes for DSSCs: thermodynamic and optoelectronic properties from DFT study. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2022.2042531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rene Costa
- Department of Materials and Energy Science and Engineering, School of Materials, Energy, Water and Environmental Sciences, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Technology and Environmental Studies, The Open University of Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Tabora Regional Centre, The Open University of Tanzania, Tabora, Tanzania
| | - Ohoud S. Al-Qurashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nuha Wazzan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alexander Pogrebnoi
- Department of Materials and Energy Science and Engineering, School of Materials, Energy, Water and Environmental Sciences, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Tatiana Pogrebnaya
- Department of Materials and Energy Science and Engineering, School of Materials, Energy, Water and Environmental Sciences, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
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Zhang Z, Jiang J, Xiao Liu X, Wang X, Wang L, Qiu Y, Zhang Z, Zheng Y, Wu X, Liang J, Tian C, Chen CC. Surface-Anchored Acetylcholine Regulates Band-Edge States and Suppresses Ion Migration in a 21%-Efficient Quadruple-Cation Perovskite Solar Cell. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105184. [PMID: 34851037 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although incorporating multiple halogen (bromine) anions and alkali (rubidium) cations can improve the open-circuit voltage (Voc ) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), severe voltage loss and poor stability have remained pivotal limitations to their further commercialization. In this study, acetylcholine (ACh+ ) is anchored to the surface of a quadruple-cation perovskite to provide additional electron states near the valence band maximum of the perovskite surface, thereby enhancing the band alignment and minimizing the Voc loss significantly. Moreover, the quaternary ammonium and carbonyl units of ACh+ passivate the antisite and vacancy defects of the organic/inorganic hybrid perovskite. Because of strong interactions between ACh+ and the perovskite, the formation of lead clusters and the migration of halogen anions in the perovskite film are suppressed. As a result, the device prepared with ACh+ post-treatment delivers a power conversion efficiency (PCE) (21.56%) and a value of Voc (1.21 V) that are much higher than those of the pristine device, along with a twofold decrease in the hysteresis index. After storage for 720 h in humid air, the device subjected to ACh+ treatment maintained 70% of its initial PCE. Thus, post-treatment with ACh+ appears to be a useful strategy for preparing efficient and stable PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jikun Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Xiao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Luyao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yuankun Qiu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhanfei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yiting Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xueyun Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jianghu Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Congcong Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Chao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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35
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Kasparavicius E, Franckevičius M, Malinauskiene V, Genevičius K, Getautis V, Malinauskas T. Oxidized Spiro-OMeTAD: Investigation of Stability in Contact with Various Perovskite Compositions. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2021; 4:13696-13705. [PMID: 34977473 PMCID: PMC8715445 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.1c02375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has risen steadily in recent years; however, one important aspect of the puzzle remains to be solved-the long-term stability of the devices. We believe that understanding the underlying reasons for the observed instability and finding means to circumvent it is crucial for the future of this technology. Not only the perovskite itself but also other device components are susceptible to thermal degradation, including the materials comprising the hole-transporting layer. In particular, the performance-enhancing oxidized hole-transporting materials have attracted our attention as a potential weak component in the system. Therefore, we performed a series of experiments with oxidized spiro-OMeTAD to determine the stability of the material interfaced with five most popular perovskite compositions under thermal stress. It was found that oxidized spiro-OMeTAD is readily reduced to the neutral molecule upon interaction with all five perovskite compositions. Diffusion of iodide ions from the perovskite layer is the main cause for the reduction reaction which is greatly enhanced at elevated temperatures. The observed sensitivity of the oxidized spiro-OMeTAD to ion diffusion, especially at elevated temperatures, causes a decrease in the conductivity observed in the doped films of spiro-OMeTAD, and it also contributes significantly to a drop in the performance of PSCs operated under prolonged thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernestas Kasparavicius
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University
of Technology, Radvilenu
pl. 19, Kaunas LT-50254, Lithuania
| | - Marius Franckevičius
- Department
of Molecular Compound Physics, Centre for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio Avenue 3, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Vida Malinauskiene
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University
of Technology, Radvilenu
pl. 19, Kaunas LT-50254, Lithuania
| | - Kristijonas Genevičius
- Institute
of Chemical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 3, Vilnius 10257, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Getautis
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University
of Technology, Radvilenu
pl. 19, Kaunas LT-50254, Lithuania
| | - Tadas Malinauskas
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University
of Technology, Radvilenu
pl. 19, Kaunas LT-50254, Lithuania
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36
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Putra MH, Seidenath S, Kupfer S, Gräfe S, Groß A. Coupling of photoactive transition metal complexes to a functional polymer matrix*. Chemistry 2021; 27:17104-17114. [PMID: 34761834 PMCID: PMC9299502 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Conductive polymers represent a promising alternative to semiconducting oxide electrodes typically used in dye-sensitized cathodes as they more easily allow a tuning of the physicochemical properties. This can then also be very beneficial for using them in light-driven catalysis. In this computational study, we address the coupling of Ru-based photosensitizers to a polymer matrix by combining two different first-principles electronic structure approaches. We use a periodic density functional theory code to properly account for the delocalized nature of the electronic states in the polymer. These ground state investigations are complemented by time-dependent density functional theory simulations to assess the Franck-Condon photophysics of the present photoactive hybrid material based on a molecular model system. Our results are consistent with recent experimental observations and allow to elucidate the light-driven redox chemical processes - eventually leading to charge separation - in the present functional hybrid systems with potential application as photocathode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastian Seidenath
- Institute for Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute for Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena
| | - Stefanie Gräfe
- Institute for Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena
| | - Axel Groß
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89069, Ulm, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Electrochemical Energy Storage, 89069, Ulm, Germany
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Liu J, Dong Q, Wang M, Ma H, Pei M, Bian J, Shi Y. Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells with Carbon Quantum Dot-Modified spiro-MeOTAD as a Composite Hole Transport Layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:56265-56272. [PMID: 34792324 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the hole-transport layer (HTL) plays an essential role in effective charge transport and extraction from the photoexcited perovskite, thus being significant for overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) and operational stability. So far, spiro-MeOTAD has been the most widely used HTL despite its inherent drawbacks, such as highly hygroscopic nature, poor conductivity, and mismatched energy-level alignment with the perovskite active layer. Here, a spiro-MeOTAD-based composite HTL modified by microwave method-synthesized carbon quantum dots (CQDs) was proposed and demonstrated as a promising HTL candidate for high-performance PSCs. The results demonstrated that the CQDs/spiro-MeOTAD composite HTL possesses several appealing characteristics for PSC applications, such as suitable energy levels for hole extraction, passivated interfacial trap states, and reduced recombination losses. Consequently, as compared to the control one using an unmodified spiro-MeOTAD HTL, (FAPbI3)0.95(MAPbBr3)0.05-based planar PSCs with composite HTL exhibit notably enhanced PCE and operational stability. Remarkably, an encouraging PCE of 20.41% was achieved for the champion device, and much improved operational stability was also demonstrated under continuous AM1.5 illumination with maximum power point (MPP) tracking conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion, and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qingshun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Minhuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion, and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hongru Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Mingzhu Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jiming Bian
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion, and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yantao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Muñoz-García AB, Benesperi I, Boschloo G, Concepcion JJ, Delcamp JH, Gibson EA, Meyer GJ, Pavone M, Pettersson H, Hagfeldt A, Freitag M. Dye-sensitized solar cells strike back. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12450-12550. [PMID: 34590638 PMCID: PMC8591630 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01336f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) are celebrating their 30th birthday and they are attracting a wealth of research efforts aimed at unleashing their full potential. In recent years, DSCs and dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (DSPECs) have experienced a renaissance as the best technology for several niche applications that take advantage of DSCs' unique combination of properties: at low cost, they are composed of non-toxic materials, are colorful, transparent, and very efficient in low light conditions. This review summarizes the advancements in the field over the last decade, encompassing all aspects of the DSC technology: theoretical studies, characterization techniques, materials, applications as solar cells and as drivers for the synthesis of solar fuels, and commercialization efforts from various companies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Muñoz-García
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Iacopo Benesperi
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Gerrit Boschloo
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Javier J Concepcion
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Jared H Delcamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Gibson
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Michele Pavone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
- University Management and Management Council, Vice Chancellor, Uppsala University, Segerstedthuset, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marina Freitag
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Krauss G, Hochgesang A, Mohanraj J, Thelakkat M. Highly Efficient Doping of Conjugated Polymers Using Multielectron Acceptor Salts. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100443. [PMID: 34599788 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chemical doping is a vital tool for tuning electronic properties of conjugated polymers. Most single electron acceptors used for p-doping necessitate high dopant concentrations to achieve good electrical conductivity. However, high-molar doping ratios hamper doping efficiency. Here a new concept of using multielectron acceptor (MEA) salts as dopants for conjugated polymers is presented. Two novel MEA salts are synthesized and their doping efficiency towards two polymers differing in their dielectric properties are compared with two single electron acceptors such as NOPF6 and magic blue. Cutting-edge methods such as ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy/X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), impedance spectroscopy, and density of states analysis in addition to UV-vis-NIR absorption, spectroelectrochemistry, and Raman spectroscopy methods are used to characterize the doped systems. The tetracation salt improves the conductivity by two orders of magnitude and quadruples the charge carrier concentration compared to single electron acceptors for the same molar ratio. The differences in charge carrier density and activation energy on doping are delineated. Further, a strong dependency of the carrier release on the polymer polarity is observed. High carrier densities at reduced dopant loadings and improved doping efficacies using MEA dopants offer a highly efficient doping strategy for conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gert Krauss
- Applied Functional Polymers, Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, 95440, Germany
| | - Adrian Hochgesang
- Applied Functional Polymers, Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, 95440, Germany
| | - John Mohanraj
- Applied Functional Polymers, Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, 95440, Germany
| | - Mukundan Thelakkat
- Applied Functional Polymers, Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, 95440, Germany.,Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, 95440, Germany
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40
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Sakai N, Warren R, Zhang F, Nayak S, Liu J, Kesava SV, Lin YH, Biswal HS, Lin X, Grovenor C, Malinauskas T, Basu A, Anthopoulos TD, Getautis V, Kahn A, Riede M, Nayak PK, Snaith HJ. Adduct-based p-doping of organic semiconductors. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:1248-1254. [PMID: 33888905 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-00980-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electronic doping of organic semiconductors is essential for their usage in highly efficient optoelectronic devices. Although molecular and metal complex-based dopants have already enabled significant progress of devices based on organic semiconductors, there remains a need for clean, efficient and low-cost dopants if a widespread transition towards larger-area organic electronic devices is to occur. Here we report dimethyl sulfoxide adducts as p-dopants that fulfil these conditions for a range of organic semiconductors. These adduct-based dopants are compatible with both solution and vapour-phase processing. We explore the doping mechanism and use the knowledge we gain to 'decouple' the dopants from the choice of counterion. We demonstrate that asymmetric p-doping is possible using solution processing routes, and demonstrate its use in metal halide perovskite solar cells, organic thin-film transistors and organic light-emitting diodes, which showcases the versatility of this doping approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuya Sakai
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ross Warren
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fengyu Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Simantini Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford, UK
- Materials Chemistry Department, CSIR-Institute of Mineral and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Junliang Liu
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sameer V Kesava
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yen-Hung Lin
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Himansu S Biswal
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Chris Grovenor
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tadas Malinauskas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aniruddha Basu
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Vytautas Getautis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Antoine Kahn
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Moritz Riede
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pabitra K Nayak
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Henry J Snaith
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Kim D, Muckley ES, Creange N, Wan TH, Ann MH, Quattrocchi E, Vasudevan RK, Kim JH, Ciucci F, Ivanov IN, Kalinin SV, Ahmadi M. Exploring Transport Behavior in Hybrid Perovskites Solar Cells via Machine Learning Analysis of Environmental-Dependent Impedance Spectroscopy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2002510. [PMID: 34155825 PMCID: PMC8336513 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites are one of the promising candidates for the next-generation semiconductors due to their superlative optoelectronic properties. However, one of the limiting factors for potential applications is their chemical and structural instability in different environments. Herein, the stability of (FAPbI3 )0.85 (MAPbBr3 )0.15 perovskite solar cell is explored in different atmospheres using impedance spectroscopy. An equivalent circuit model and distribution of relaxation times (DRTs) are used to effectively analyze impedance spectra. DRT is further analyzed via machine learning workflow based on the non-negative matrix factorization of reconstructed relaxation time spectra. This exploration provides the interplay of charge transport dynamics and recombination processes under environment stimuli and illumination. The results reveal that in the dark, oxygen atmosphere induces an increased hole concentration with less ionic character while ionic motion is dominant under ambient air. Under 1 Sun illumination, the environment-dependent impedance responses show a more striking effect compared with dark conditions. In this case, the increased transport resistance observed under oxygen atmosphere in equivalent circuit analysis arises due to interruption of photogenerated hole carriers. The results not only shed light on elucidating transport mechanisms of perovskite solar cells in different environments but also offer an effective interpretation of impedance responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohyung Kim
- Joint Institute for Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37996USA
| | - Eric S. Muckley
- The Center for Nanophase Materials SciencesOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Nicole Creange
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27606USA
| | - Ting Hei Wan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong
| | - Myung Hyun Ann
- Department of Molecular Science and TechnologyAjou UniversitySuwon16499Republic of Korea
| | - Emanuele Quattrocchi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong
| | - Rama K. Vasudevan
- The Center for Nanophase Materials SciencesOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Jong H. Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and TechnologyAjou UniversitySuwon16499Republic of Korea
| | - Francesco Ciucci
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong
| | - Ilia N. Ivanov
- The Center for Nanophase Materials SciencesOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Sergei V. Kalinin
- The Center for Nanophase Materials SciencesOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Mahshid Ahmadi
- Joint Institute for Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37996USA
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42
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Schmode P, Hochgesang A, Goel M, Meichsner F, Mohanraj J, Fried M, Thelakkat M. A Solution‐Processable Pristine PEDOT Exhibiting Excellent Conductivity, Charge Carrier Mobility, and Thermal Stability in the Doped State. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Schmode
- Applied Functional Polymers University of Bayreuth Universitätsstr. 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Adrian Hochgesang
- Applied Functional Polymers University of Bayreuth Universitätsstr. 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Mahima Goel
- Applied Functional Polymers University of Bayreuth Universitätsstr. 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Florian Meichsner
- Applied Functional Polymers University of Bayreuth Universitätsstr. 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - John Mohanraj
- Applied Functional Polymers University of Bayreuth Universitätsstr. 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Martina Fried
- Applied Functional Polymers University of Bayreuth Universitätsstr. 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Mukundan Thelakkat
- Applied Functional Polymers University of Bayreuth Universitätsstr. 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute University of Bayreuth Universitätsstr. 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
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43
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CO 2 doping of organic interlayers for perovskite solar cells. Nature 2021; 594:51-56. [PMID: 34079136 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03518-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In perovskite solar cells, doped organic semiconductors are often used as charge-extraction interlayers situated between the photoactive layer and the electrodes. The π-conjugated small molecule 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) is the most frequently used semiconductor in the hole-conducting layer1-6, and its electrical properties considerably affect the charge collection efficiencies of the solar cell7. To enhance the electrical conductivity of spiro-OMeTAD, lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (LiTFSI) is typically used in a doping process, which is conventionally initiated by exposing spiro-OMeTAD:LiTFSI blend films to air and light for several hours. This process, in which oxygen acts as the p-type dopant8-11, is time-intensive and largely depends on ambient conditions, and thus hinders the commercialization of perovskite solar cells. Here we report a fast and reproducible doping method that involves bubbling a spiro-OMeTAD:LiTFSI solution with CO2 under ultraviolet light. CO2 obtains electrons from photoexcited spiro-OMeTAD, rapidly promoting its p-type doping and resulting in the precipitation of carbonates. The CO2-treated interlayer exhibits approximately 100 times higher conductivity than a pristine film while realizing stable, high-efficiency perovskite solar cells without any post-treatments. We also show that this method can be used to dope π-conjugated polymers.
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44
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Chen J, Park NG. Nonhalide Materials for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100311. [PMID: 34927923 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have witnessed great advancements in power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability. Over the past several years, various nonhalide materials have been extensively developed to enhance both PCE and stability by including them in perovskite compositions, perovskite precursor materials, additives, post-treatment reagents, dopants for charge transport materials (CTMs), CTMs, and interfacial modifiers. In this review, various nonhalide materials reported for PSCs are described and the dependence of the photovoltaic performance on anions (or in part cations) in nonhalide materials is investigated. This review highlights the importance of synergistic and rational engineering of anions and cations of the nonhalide materials in order to maximize both PCE and stability of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangzhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Nam-Gyu Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
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45
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Kalium persulfate as a low-cost and effective dopant for spiro-OMeTAD in high performance and stable planar perovskite solar cells. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Zhang M, Liu Y, Yang B, Lin X, Lu Y, Zheng J, Chen C, Tang J. Efficiency Improvement of Bournonite CuPbSbS 3 Solar Cells via Crystallinity Enhancement. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:13273-13280. [PMID: 33721988 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CuPbSbS3 (bournonite) has emerged as a promising light-absorbing material for thin-film solar cells due to its attractive photophysical properties. The crystallinity of CuPbSbS3 films is a main challenge of achieving high power conversion efficiency. Herein, we perform a series of optimization strategies to enhance the crystallinity of CuPbSbS3 films, including adjusting the annealing temperature and reducing the carbon residue. The optimized CuPbSbS3 film acquires an enhanced crystallinity, and an optimal solar cell device based on it achieves a power conversion efficiency of 2.65% with good stability. This efficiency is the highest value for CuPbSbS3 solar cells up to now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyi Zhang
- Sargent Joint Research Center, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- China-EU Institute for Clean and Renewable Energy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yuhao Liu
- School of Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Sargent Joint Research Center, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xuetian Lin
- Sargent Joint Research Center, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- China-EU Institute for Clean and Renewable Energy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yue Lu
- Sargent Joint Research Center, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- China-EU Institute for Clean and Renewable Energy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Zheng
- Sargent Joint Research Center, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- China-EU Institute for Clean and Renewable Energy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Chao Chen
- Sargent Joint Research Center, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Tang
- Sargent Joint Research Center, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- China-EU Institute for Clean and Renewable Energy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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47
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Meng D, Wang R, Lin JB, Yang JL, Nuryyeva S, Lin YC, Yuan S, Wang ZK, Zhang E, Xiao C, Zhu D, Jiang L, Zhao Y, Li Z, Zhu C, Houk KN, Yang Y. Chlorinated Spiroconjugated Fused Extended Aromatics for Multifunctional Organic Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006120. [PMID: 33586281 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new molecule, SFIC-Cl, is reported, which features enhanced π-electron delocalization by spiroconjugation and narrowed bandgap by chlorination. SFIC-Cl is integrated into a single-crystal transistor (OFET) and organic light-emitting diode (OLED). The material demonstrates remarkable transport abilities across various solution-processed OFETs and retains efficient radiance in a near-infrared OLED emitting light at 700 nm. Furthermore, the intermolecular multi-dimensional connection of SFIC-Cl enables the fabrication of a single-component large-area (2 × 2 cm2 ) near-infrared OLED by spin-coating. The SFIC-Cl-acceptor-based solar cell shows excellent power conversion efficiency of 10.16% resulting from the broadened and strong absorption and well-matched energy levels. The study demonstrates that chlorinated spiroconjugated fused systems offer a novel direction toward the development of high-performance organic semiconductor materials for hybrid organic electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Meng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Janice B Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan Lee Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Selbi Nuryyeva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yu-Che Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhao-Kui Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Elizabeth Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Chengyi Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Danlei Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yepin Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zhenxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing College of New Energy and Materials China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Kendall N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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48
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Zhang Z, Liang L, Deng L, Ren L, Zhao N, Huang J, Yu Y, Gao P. Fused Dithienopicenocarbazole Enabling High Mobility Dopant-Free Hole-Transporting Polymers for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:6688-6698. [PMID: 33513011 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a critical component in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), hole-transporting materials (HTMs) have been extensively explored. To develop efficient dopant-free HTMs for PSCs, a decent hole mobility (>10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1) is critically essential, which is, however, seldom reported. In this work, we introduce two novel donor-acceptor (D-A) type conjugated polymers (PDTPC-1 and PDTPC-2) with narrow bandgap unit, i.e., fused dithienopicenocarbazole (DTPC), as the donor building block and benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole derivatives as the acceptors. The highly planar and strong electron-donating DTPC endows the polymers with superior hole mobility up to ∼4 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1. Because of the better energy alignment with perovskite and excellent film-forming property, PSCs with PDTPC-1 as HTM show an appreciably enhanced PCE of ∼17% in dopant-free PSCs along with improved device stability as opposed to PDTPC-2. Our work revealed for the first time that the introduction of narrow bandgap DTPC in D-A polymers could achieve remarkably high hole mobility in the pristine form, favoring the application in dopant-free PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Lusheng Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Longhui Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Lu Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, 361021 Xiamen, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, 361021 Xiamen, China
| | - Yaming Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, 361021 Xiamen, China
| | - Peng Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
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49
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Costa R, Pogrebnoi A, Pogrebnaya T. Betanidin isomerisation and decarboxylation, thermodynamic and charge transfer dye properties towards dye sensitised solar cells application. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rene Costa
- Department of Materials and Energy Science and Engineering, School of Materials, Energy, Water and Environmental Sciences The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology Arusha Tanzania
- Department of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Technology and Environmental Studies The Open University of Tanzania Dar es Salaam Tanzania
- Tabora Regional Centre The Open University of Tanzania Tabora Tanzania
| | - Alexander Pogrebnoi
- Department of Materials and Energy Science and Engineering, School of Materials, Energy, Water and Environmental Sciences The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology Arusha Tanzania
| | - Tatiana Pogrebnaya
- Department of Materials and Energy Science and Engineering, School of Materials, Energy, Water and Environmental Sciences The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology Arusha Tanzania
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50
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Lin L, Lian C, Jones TW, Bennett RD, Mihaylov B, Yang TCJ, Wang JTW, Chi B, Duffy NW, Li J, Wang X, Snaith HJ, Wilson GJ. Tunable transition metal complexes as hole transport materials for stable perovskite solar cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2093-2096. [PMID: 33514992 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00060h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We developed a high-performance hole transport material based on transition metal complexes for perovskite solar cells, which exhibits excellent photostability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyou Lin
- CSIRO Energy Centre
- Mayfield West
- Australia
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials
- Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jacob Tse-Wei Wang
- CSIRO Energy Centre
- Mayfield West
- Australia
- Department of Physics
- Condensed Matter Physics
| | - Bo Chi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science & Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | - Noel W. Duffy
- CSIRO Clayton
- Energy Laboratories
- Clayton South Vic
- Australia
| | - Jinhua Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials
- Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Xianbao Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials
- Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Henry J. Snaith
- Department of Physics
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Clarendon Laboratories
- University of Oxford
- UK
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